text:
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Ahom–Mughal conflicts refer to the period between the first Mughal attack on the Ahom kingdom in 1615 and the final Battle of Itakhuli in 1682. The intervening period saw the fluctuating fortunes of both powers and the end of the rule of Koch Hajo. It ended with the Ahom influence extended to the Manas river which remained the western boundary of the kingdom till the advent of the British in 1826.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Conflict inception
3 Conflict development
3.1 During Shah Jahan's reign
3.2 During Aurangzeb's reign
3.3 Ram Singh's campaign
4 Post-conflict
5 List of Conflicts
6 See also
7 References
Overview[edit]
From the beginning the relationship between the Ahoms and the Mughals was hostile and that was due to certain factors, such as, Mughal alliance with Koch Bihar, the western enemy of the Ahoms and secondly the growing advance of the Mughals in north-eastern frontier which alarmed them. While the Mughals supported Lakshminarayan, son of Nara Narayan of Koch Behar, the Ahom king Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603) entered into alliance by marrying the daughter of Lakshminarayan’s cousin Raghudeva, the son of Chilarai who became the ruler of the eastern part of the kingdom, Koch Hajo which included the modern districts of Goalpara, Barpeta, Kamrup, Darrang and a part of Sonitpur (up to Bharali). This dynastic alliance between Ahom and Koch was renewed afterwards by the next Ahom king Susenghphaa (Pratap Singha, 1603-1641) who married a daughter of Raja Parikshit. It is true that with a view to satisfy the territorial ambitions of his own nephew, Nar Narayan allowed partition of his kingdom. But unfortunately, in spite of being pacified, Raghudeva and his successors remained all along hostile towards the Koch royal house and this rivalry and antagonism between these two frontier states invited intervention and aggression of their two mighty neighbourhood powers: the Mughals on the west and Ahoms on the east.
Conflict inception[edit]
From the time the Mughals appeared in the north-eastern frontier, a state of indirect rivalry and hostility began between the Mughals and the Ahoms. After the final defeat of Parikshit (1613) the first organised Mughal attack upon Assam was made with a view to conquer that kingdom. It was the outcome of the aggressive imperialism of the Mughals. "A desire for political supremacy and territorial expansion appears to have been the guiding motives of the Mughals." Boundary disputes and the trade rivalries appear to have complicated the situation and political issues precipitated the conflict. After the extinction of the Kamrup monarchy, the Mughals came to regard the territory east of Barnadi up to Singiri as part of the conquered region and hence asserted their political right over it. Ahoms strongly resented this claim. "Moreover the rich natural resources of the Assam valley and the prosperous kingdom of Kamrup in lower Brahmaputra valley, abounding in elephants and aromatic plants excited the cupidity of the Mughals and they were determined to force open the door of Assam."[1]
The first organised open encounter with the Ahom kingdom was the well-deserved punishment meted out by the Ahom government to an unauthorised trader from Mughal India named Ratan Singh. His illicit trade was detected, his goods were confiscated and he was expelled from Assam. The Mughals got the necessary pretext for war and an imperial army was at once detached in 1615 under the command of Abu Bakr and Raja Satrajit of Bhusna. The imperial army advanced towards Barnagar, the old capital of Kamrup and next moved to Hajo and numerous outposts were raised in the surrounding region. In November 1615, Abu Bakr suddenly fell upon Kajali, the Ahom frontier post on the southwest. After a short skirmish, the Ahoms were defeated and leaving their war boats and the fort, they fled. Flushed with easy success the Mughals indulged in a series of aggressive measures against the Ahoms. The Ahom king then fortified the fort of Samdhara with a view to check the advance of the Mughals. Meanwhile, the Mughals had reached the confluence of the Brahmaputra and the Bharali facing Samdhara. After a month of inaction the Mughals achieved a great triumph. They transported their horses across the Bharali and made a violent assault on the Ahom stockade on the left bank.The Ahoms thus suffered another discomfiture. The Ahom king sent a strong detachment to the Ahom commanders at Samdhara and exhorted them to fall on the enemy and fight to finish. The Ahoms gained an initial success and reoccupied the stockade at the mouth of Bharali. The imperialists were taken by complete surprise and suffered heavy casualties. Thus in spite of the initial success, the maiden attempt of the Mughals upon Assam ended in a disastrous failure. They suffered a colossal loss in men and money besides military prestige.[2]
Conflict development[edit]
After the first disastrous failure in Assam, the Mughals henceforth continued to follow a defensive and conciliatory policy in regards to the Assam state. Because of their heavy engagement in Kamrup, the Mughals henceforward were very cautious not to offend their mighty neighbour. But the Ahoms being encouraged at their recent brilliant success continued to pursue a hostile policy against the Mughals and proceeded to take advantage of the prevailing political confusion in Kamrup. The Assam disaster encouraged seditions and rebellions in Mughal occupied Kamrup. The Ahoms encouraged the Kamrup rebels and thereby caused hardship to the Mughals. There was hardly any open and direct conflict between the two powers as such. In the year 1618 the Ahom king Pratap Singha installed Balinarayan, the brother of Parikshit as King of Darrang and continued to help him for some time to reoccupy Kamrup. But in spite of Ahom king’s material assistance, Balinarayan ultimately failed reconquer Kamrup. The Ahoms interfered in Kamrup for the third time on behalf of the hill chiefs of Dhanikal in 1619. The hill chiefs being sick of Mughal subjection made a bold attempt to seize the hill fort of Ranihat and they sought the help of the Ahom king. The Ahom responded to the appeal and sent a large detachment to their assistance. After a hard fighting the Mughals courted defeat and were compelled to evacuate Ranihat hotly pursued by the Ahoms. But the Mughals soon gathered strength and recovered Dhanikal in spite of the stiff resistance of the Ahoms. Thus three attempts of the Ahoms at supplanting Mughal authority in Kamrup proved abortive. The Ahom king gradually withdrew from the arena of Kamrup policies leaving Balinarayan to his fate.
During Shah Jahan's reign[edit]
The reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1655) marks a new epoch in Ahom-Mughal relations. After a decade of informal hostility, circumstances paved the way for the renewal of open conflict between the two powers. Twofold factors, both political, appear to have been responsible for the conflict. The first was the asylum given by the Ahom king to the hill-chiefs of Dhanikal who had sought his protection against the ill treatment of the Bengal Subahdar Qasim Khan Chishti. The second factor, which precipitated the crisis, was the wickedness and treachery of Satrajit, the Thanadar of Pandu who made a common cause with Balinarayan and instigated him to take advantage of the change of governor in Bengal in order to attack Kamrup. The invasion of Kamrup by Balinarayan compelled the Mughals to resort to arms. The Ahoms gained initial success. A fierce encounter took place, which ultimately ended with the total discomfiture of the imperialists. Thereupon, the Mughal fell back to their frontier post of Hajo. The Ahoms laid siege to Hajo and fighting continued for some time.[clarification needed] At last both sides having been thoroughly worn out, the fighting was stopped for some time.[3]
The Ahom-Mughal conflict started afresh towards the end of December 1636. The Mughals entered Kamrup proper. The decisive defeat inflicted by the imperialists on Balinarayan and the Ahoms in November 1637 turned the tide of fortune in favour of imperialists. The whole of Kamrup was cleared and re-annexed to the Pan-Mughalia. The third round of conflict began soon. The imperialists advanced up the Brahmaputra and halted opposite to Samdhara in October 1638; severe fighting ensued. Although the faint-hearted Ahom admiral retired from battle field, the garrison in the fort of Samdhara offered such a gallant defence that the Mughals had to give up the contest with great loss of men and materials.[3]
Both sides became eager for peace. Hence a treaty of peace was signed in February 1639. According to the Treaty of Asurar Ali between the Ahom general Momai Tamuli Borbarua, and the Mughal commander Allah Yar Khan, western Assam commencing from Gauhati passed into the hands of Mughals.[4] The Ahom king, for the first time, acknowledged formally the Mughal overlordship in Kamrup, the Mughals acknowledged the independence of the Ahom king and gave up all pretensions to the territories east of Barnadi on the north and Kalang on the south and the Ahom king agreed not to interfere in Kamrup. Besides trade and commercial intercourses were resumed.[5][6]
The Ahom-Mughal relation following the peace of 1639 was far from satisfactory. However, it would be wrong to assume that both sides strictly honoured the peace treaty of 1639. The keynote of the political history of this period is the endless criminations and recriminations of the Mughals and the Assamese on various rounds, such as, 'Kheda' operations, trade and commercial intercourse, boundary disputes, extradition of political offenders, and violation of personal liberty and privileges of the subject people. On these issues frictions continued mounting without, of course, any open armed-clash. It was really a period of armed peace between the Mughals and the Ahoms.
In 1648, the Mughal Faujdar of Gauhati sent a message of congratulations to the Ahom king Jayadhwaj (Sutamla) on his succession. But, Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663), taking advantage of the emperor Shah Jahan’s illness and the war of succession, expelled the Mughals from Gauhati, and chased them down beyond the river Manaha (Manas). He also devastated the territory near Dacca and carried off to Assam a large number of Mughal subjects as captives.[7][8]
During Aurangzeb's reign[edit]
Aurangzeb after ascending on the throne of Delhi ordered Mir Jumla to invade Cooch Behar and Assam and re-establish Mughal prestige in eastern India. After having occupied Koch Behar had also declared its independence. Mir Jumla entered Assam in the beginning of 1662. He easily repulsed the feeble resistance offered by the Assamese at the garrisons between Manaha and Guwahati. He occupied one garrison after another, and Pandu, Guwahati, and Kajali fell into the hands of the Mughals practically unopposed.
The easy success of Mir Jumla was due to dissatisfaction in the Assam camp. The leading commanders and the officers were the exclusive monopolies of the Tai-Ahom. But. King Jayadhwaj Singha had appointed a Kayastha as viceroy of Western Assam and commander-in-chief of the Ahom army despatch against Mir Jumla leading to resentment among the ranks. This officer was Manthir Bharali Barua of Bejdoloi family. He was also appointed Parbatia Phukan. This appointment caused bitter resentment among the hereditary Ahom nobles and commanders and the resistance which they offered to the invaders was neither worthy of the efficient military organisation of the Ahoms nor of the reputation which they acquired by repeated success in their enterprises against foreigners, and Mir Jumla’s march into Assam was an uninterrupted series of triumph and victories though the real secret of his success, namely, defection in Ahom camp, which has not been touched upon by any historian of the expedition.
The Ahoms, however, recovered their senses when the hostile force reached the neighbourhood of Kaliabor. They concentrated their defence at Simalugarh and Samdhara. In February 1662, Mir Jumla laid siege to Simalugarh and after severe hand-to-hand fight, the Ahoms abandoned the fort and took to flight. The Ahom forces at Samdhara on the opposite bank, being unnerved by the fall of Simalugarh, left their charge without any opposition worth the name. After this brilliant success, Mir Jumla entered the Ahom capital Garhgaon on 17 March 1662. The Ahom king Jayadhwaj took shelter in the eastern hills abandoning his capital and all his treasures. Immense spoils fell into the hands of the Mughal Empire – 82 elephants, about 300,000 coins in gold and silver, 675 big guns, about 4750 maunds of gunpowder in boxes, 7828 shields, 1000 odd ships, and 173 stores of rice.
But, Mir Jumla conquered only the soil of Ahom capital and neither the king nor the country. The rainy season was fast approaching and so Mir Jumla halted there and made necessary arrangements for holding the conquered land. Communications with the imperial fleet at Lakhau as well as with Dacca were arranged. But the torrential rain and violence of the rivers caused immense hardship to the Mughals and the communication with the Mughal fleet and Lakhau and with Dacca became completely disrupted.
The Ahoms took the fullest advantage of the unspeakable hardship of the Mughals. With the progress of monsoon, the Ahoms easily recovered all the country east of Lakhau. Only Garhgaon and Mathurapur remained in the possession of Mughals. The Ahoms were not slow to take advantages of the miserable plight of the Mughals. The Ahom king came out of his refuge and ordered his commanders to expel the invaders from his kingdom. A serious epidemic broke out in the Mughal camp at Mathurapur, which took away the lives of hundreds of Mughal soldiers. There was no suitable diet or comfort in the Mughal camp. At last life became unbearable at Mathurapur and hence the Mughals abandoned it.[9]
By the end of September the worst was over. The rains decreased, and flood went down, roads reappeared and communications became easier. The contact with the Mughal fleet at Lakhau was restored which cheered the long suffering Mughal garrison. The Mughal army under Mir Jumla joined the fleet at Devalgaon. The Ahom king Jayadhwaj Singha took refuge in hill again. But in December, Mir Jumla fell seriously ill and the soldiers refused to advance any further. Meanwhile, the Ahom king became extremely anxious for peace. At last a treaty was concluded at Ghilajharighat in January 1663, according to which the Ahoms ceded western Assam to the Mughals, promised a war indemnity of three lakhs of rupees and ninety elephants. Besides, the king had to deliver his only child and daughter Ramani Gabharu, as well as his niece, the daughter of the Tipam Raja to the harem of the Mughal emperor. Thus, according to the treaty Jayadhwaj Singha transferred Kamrup to the possession of the Mughals and promised to pay a heavy war indemnity.[10][11]
The question of prompt payment of war indemnity of elephants and cash became a source of friction between the Ahoms and the Mughals. The first instalment was paid by Jayadhwaj promptly. But as soon as Mir Jumla withdrew from Assam the Ahoms began to default. Jayadhwaj Singha’s successor Chakradhwaj Singha (Supangmung, 1663-1670) was against any payment at all on principle. He shouted out from his throne: – "Death is preferable to a life of subordination to foreigners". In 1665 the king summoned an assembly of his ministers and nobles and ordered them to adopt measures for expelling the Mughals from western Assam, adding—"My ancestors were never subordinate to any other people; and I for myself cannot remain under the vassalage of any foreign power. I am a descendant of the Heavenly king and how can I pay tribute to the wretched foreigners."[12][13]
A large portion of the war indemnity still remained undelivered for which the Ahom king had to receive threatening letters from Syed Firoz Khan, the new Faujdar at Guwahati.[14][15][16][17] On receiving Firoz Khan’s letter the Ahom king made up his mind to fight.[18] On Thursday, Bhadra 3, 1589 saka near aboutAugust 20, 1667, the Ahom army started from the capital and sailed down the Brahmaputra in two divisions. They encamped at Kaliabor, the Vice Regal headquarters, from where they conducted their war operations against the Mughals. Syed Firoz Khan, the imperial governor of Guwahati and his army were not prepared for such an eventuality, with the result that the Ahoms gained a series of victories over the enemy. The Ahom army on the south bank was successful in their fighting. Their chief objective was the capture of Itakhuli which is a small hill on the south bank of the Brahmaputra at Guwahati. On 2 November 1667, Itakhuli and the contiguous garrison of Guwahati fell into the hands of the Ahoms. Enemy was chased down to the mouth of the Manaha river, the old boundary between Assam and Mughal India. The Ahom also succeeded in bringing back the Assamese subjects who had previously been taken as captives by the Mughals during the expedition of Mir Jumla.[19][20] Thus within the short span of two months the Ahoms succeeded their lost possession and along with it their lost prestige and glory, this was due to the determination and courage of Ahom king Chakradhwaj Singha. On receiving the news of victory the king cried out-"It is now that I can eat my morsel of food with ease and pleasure". The success of the Ahoms in recovering possession of Guwahati and western Assam forms a momentous chapter in the history of their conflicts with the Mughals.
Ram Singh's campaign[edit]
Main article: Battle of Saraighat
35-feet-high statue of Ahom general Lachit Borphukan and his army in the middle of the Brahmaputra.
In December 1667, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb received intelligence of the capture of Guwahati by the Ahoms, and he at once resolved to dispatch a strong army to reestablish Mughal prestige in North-East frontier. He commissioned Raja Ramsingh I of Amber, son of the distinguished general Mirza-Raja Jai Singh I, to lead an invasion of Assam. He was accompanied by Rashid Khan, the ex-Faujdar of Guwahati. Ram Singha reached the frontier garrison of Rangamati in February 1669. On Ram Singha’s arrival at Rangamati, the Ahom commanders stationed at Manaha attempted to oppose the advance of the enemy. There were few skirmishes, but the Assamese could not attain any success.[21] The Assamese were not prepared for such an eventuality and they left their frontier garrisons and sailed down to Guwahati.
Also, the Ahoms had not quite completed their preparations for resisting Ramsingh I’s advance. Lachit Borphukan, the commander-in-chief of the Ahom camp had realized fully that postponement of the open encounter would enable him to bring his preparations to perfection in the light of the enemy’s superior strength. Lachit Borphukan sent the following message to Ram Singh "Tell Raja Ram Singh that we want to know why he has come to our country." Firoz Khan, ex-Fauzadar of Guwahatii, now a prisoner of the Ahoms, was released and Lachit Barphukan sent him to Raja Ram Singh with the above message.[22][23][24] Ram Singh demanded through Firoz Khan the restoration of the limit fixed in 1639 between Allah Yar Khan and Momai Tamuli Borbarua. By the time he received this reply Barphukan would rather fight than yield an inch of the territory which providence had given to his master.[25][26]
The result was that in the first two battles of the campaign were fought near Tezpur in the beginning of April 1669. The Ahoms were worsted on both occasions, but they gained a naval battle, and soon afterwards repulsed the Muhammadans and Ram Singha was compelled to retire to Hajo where he quarreled with Rashid Khan. Eventually Ram Singha cut his tent ropes and ordered him out of the camp.[27] Soon afterwards the Muhammadans were again defeated near Sualkuchi, both on land and water.
At this juncture, Ramsingh I challenged Chakradhwaj Singha to single combat, and undertook, if he were defeated, to return with the army to Bengal. The Ahom king declined the invitation, and ordered his generals to renew their attack. They did so, and won another double engagement near Sessa. They followed up this success by taking the fort at Agiathuti, but soon afterwards Ram Singha attacked the Ahom army and routed it, inflicting heavy loss. The Barphukan hurried up with reinforcements, but his flank was tired and he was obliged to retreat with loss of his ships. Raja Ram Singha now opened negotiations for peace. The Ahoms were also tired of the war, and hostilities were suspended for a time.[27] Sporadic engagement accompanied by proposals of peace continued during 1669 and 1670. From October 1669 to March 1670, Ram Singha withdrew himself from the fight.[28][29]
In the meantime Ramsingh I sent a letter to the Barphukan inviting the king of Assam to fight a duel in the presence of the two hostile armies. But the Ahom king dismissed the insolent challenge by simply saying—"Ram Singha is a mere servant and he has no umbrella over his head. So I do not like to fight a duel with such a man."[30][31] Chakradhvaj Singha could not hold his patience any longer. In the meantime the Mughal had then concentrated their army near Alaboi Hill in the vicinity of Dalibari. A terrible contest ensued on the plains to the south of the Alaboi Hill. The Ahoms were badly defeated in that battle. The massacre at Alaboi had terribly upset Lachit Barphukan. Though the Alaboi massacre meant a serious loss to the Ahoms but it did not confer upon the enemy any decisive advantage.[32]
But Ram Singha repeated his demands for the evacuation of Guwahati and reversion to the status quo ante of the year 1639. The Barphukan remained firm in the position he had previously maintained. So war was inevitable between the two parties. But when the war was taking a more critical turn, Chakradhwaj Singha, the king of Assam died in April 1670. He was succeeded by his brother Udayaditya Singha (Sunyatphaa, 1670-1672)
Although the negotiations with the Mughals continued, but Ram Singha suspecting the sincerity of the Barphukan returned to attack. Udayaditya renewed the war and ordered the Barphukan to march with 20,000 men from Samdhara to Saraighat. The Ahoms were successful on land but their navy was forced to retreat. Barphukan arrived with more ships and Mughal army was beaten and the Ahoms also gained a second land victory. The Mughals could not stand the dash and fury of the Assamese onset. The Assamese were fighting for their life and liberty, and the Mughals for the mere luxury of triumph and territorial expansion. The Barphukan intended to chase them further still, but he was dissuaded by Achyutanda Doloi. The combat came to an end, and it was a decisive victory for the Assamese.[33][34] This battle is known in history as the Battle of Saraighat. Ram Singha weakened by the repeated losses retreated to Rangamati in March 1671. Hadira opposite to Goalpara became the Ahom frontier out post. Thus Mughals were evicted from Kamrup, strong fortifications were constructed at Guwahati. Thus Ahoms remained in undisturbed possession of their territories till 1679 A.D.[35]
Post-conflict[edit]
In 1679, during the reign of Sudoiphaa or Parvatiya Raja,[36] Laluk Barphukan, the Ahom viceroy of Gauhati, and his brother entered into a conspiracy and invited the Nawab of Bengal to take possession of the fort at Saraighat.[37] Accordingly, in March Laluk Sola made over Gauhati to the Mughals in return for a promised reward of four lakhs of rupees and an assurance to support Laluk’s candidature for the throne of Assam.[38]
In 1681, Gadapani was formally installed as sovereign of Assam under the name Gadadhar Singha (Supaatphaa, 1681-1696). His first act after taking reign was the dispatch of an army against Mansur Khan, which succeeded in recovering Gauhati in August 1682 after a decisive encounter at Itakhuli. The Ahoms expelled Mansur Khan from Gauhati and re-established their possession over the territories extending up to the river Manaha (Manas). Thus, Manaha (river Manas) became once more the western boundary of Assam and it remained as such till the occupation of the western Assam by the British in the year 1824.
List of Conflicts[edit]
Sl. No.
Year
Mughal War-Leader
Ahom War-Leader
Main Fronts
Consequence
1 1615 Abu Bakr & Raja Satrajit of Bhusna Out-post Commanders Barnagar, Hajo, Kajali, Samdhora fort Mughal wins but unable to consolidate hold. Ahom regains lost posts.
2 1619 Out-post Commanders Reinforcement Commanders Dhanikal & Ranihat forts Ahom wins but unable to consolidate . Mughal regains posts.
3 Out-post Commanders Balinarayan Guwahati, Kamrup frontiers, Hajo Cease-fire at Hajo, Mughals removed from Kamrup proper
4 1636 Reinforcement Commanders Out-post Commanders Kamrup frontiers, Guwahati Mughal wins posts.
5 1637 Reinforcement Commanders Balinarayan Kamrup proper Mughal wins whole of Kamrup proper
6 1638 Reinforcement Commanders Out-post Commanders Samdhora fort Ahom retains fort, Mughal retreats, Treaty of Asurar Ali signed, Ahom loses Kamrup
7 1648 Out-post Commanders Jayadhwaj Singha, Ahom King Kamrup proper, Dacca Ahoms routs Mughal posts and forces them to retreat to near Assam-Bengal Border
8 1662 Mir Jumla under direct order from Aurangzeb Out-post Commanders Guwahati,Kajali,Simalugarh, Samdhora, Ahom capital Gargaon Jaydhwaj Singha, Ahom king retreats,abandons capital
9 1662 Mir Jumla Jayadhwaj Singha, Ahom King Capital Gargaon, Mathurapur Ahom regains capital, Mughals, routed off their possessions,retreats to Kamrup proper
10 1663 Mir Jumla Jayadhwaj Singha, Ahom King Capital Gargaon Jaydhwaj Singha, Ahom king retreats, abandons capital but signs Treaty of Ghilajharighat to regain capital with heavy war-indemnity payment
11 1667 Out-post Commanders Commanders under direct order from Chakradhwaj Singha, Ahom King Guwahati, Kamrup frontiers, Itakhuli, Hajo Ahom routs Mughal posts and forces Mughals to retreat to near Assam-Bengal Border
12 1667 Raja Ram Singh of Amber and Rashid Khan under direct order from Aurangzeb Out-post Commanders Rangamati Ahom loses out-posts; makes strategic retreat to Guwahati
13 1669 Raja Ram Singh of Amber and Rashid Khan under direct order from Aurangzeb Out-post Commanders Tezpur Initially Mughal gains posts but soon defeated by the naval fleets of Ahom, retreats to Hajo, Ahom wins out-posts
14 1669 Raja Ram Singh of Amber and Rashid Khan under direct order from Aurangzeb Reinforcement Commanders Sualkuchi Ahom wins out-posts
15 1670 Raja Ram Singh of Amber Out-post Commanders Alaboi Hill near Dalibari Mughal wins posts
16 1671 Raja Ram Singh of Amber Lachit Borphukan Battle of Saraighat Decisive win by Ahom, Ram Singh retreats to Rangamati
17 1679 Nawab of Bengal under suzerainty of Mughal & Laluk Sola (Ahom conspirator) None No War Laluksola Borphukan, conspires with Mughals and abandons Guwahati
18 1682 Mansur Khan Dihingia Alun Barbarua Battle of Itakhuli Ahom regains Kamrup up to Manas river and establishes firm reign over the area till advent of British in 1826
See also[edit]
Ahom Dynasty
Ahom kingdom
Mogul Era (part of the History of South Asia series)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Abdul Hamid Lahori, Padshahanamah, vol.II, p.65
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Kamarupar Buranji, pp.24, 25
^ Jump up to: a b A. C. Roy, History of Bengal, pp. 162,163
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p.5
Jump up ^ S.N. Bhattacharya, Mughal North-East Frontier Policy. pp. 285,286
Jump up ^ A.C. Roy, History of Bengal, p.163.
Jump up ^ Stewart Charles, History of Bengal, p.319
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan and His Times, p.5
Jump up ^ A.C. Roy, History of Bengal, p.167
Jump up ^ MS, Assam Buranji. No.6
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p.8
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Kamarupar Buranji, p.80
Jump up ^ MS, Assam Buranji Nos. 7, 10, 15
Jump up ^ MS, Assam Buranji, No.41
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Assam Buranji, p.89
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Aton Buragohain and His Times, pp. 35, 36, 53-55
Jump up ^ H.K. Barpujari (ed), The Comprehensive History of Assam, vol. II, p.201
Jump up ^ E.A. Gait, A History of Assam, p. 153
Jump up ^ S.K. Datta, Assam Buranji, pp. 28-29
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, pp. 28, 29
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Assam Buranji (SM), pp. 112,113
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Assam Buranji (SM), p.114
Jump up ^ S.K. Datta, Assam Buranji, p.29
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, pp. 47,48
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p. 48
Jump up ^ E.A. Gait, A History of Assam, p. 155
^ Jump up to: a b E.A. Gait, A History of Assam, p. 156
Jump up ^ MS, Assam Buranji, No. 12
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, pp. 55, 58
Jump up ^ Golap Chandra Barua, Ahom Buranji, pp. 208-209
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p. 65
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, pp. 65,66,69,70.
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan (ed), Assam Buranji (SM), pp. 121-24
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p. 83
Jump up ^ N.K. Basu, Assam in the Ahom Age, p.49
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Atan Buragohain And His Times
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Anglo-Assamese Relations, 1771-1826, p.5
Jump up ^ S.K. Bhuyan, Lachit Barphukan And His Times, p. 89
hide
v
t
e
Mughal Empire
Emperors
Babur
Humayun
Akbar
Jahangir
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb (Alamgir)
Muhammad Azam Shah
Bahadur Shah I
Jahandar Shah
Farrukhsiyar
Rafi ud-Darajat
Shah Jahan II
Muhammad Shah
Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Alamgir II
Shah Jahan III
Shah Alam II
Akbar II
Bahadur Shah II
Battles and
conflicts
Battle of Panipat (1526)
Gujarat conquest
Battle of Khanwa
Battle of Ghaghra
Siege of Sambhal
Battle of Panipat (1556)
Battle of Thanesar
Siege of Chittorgarh
Siege of Ranthambore
Battle of Tukaroi
Battle of Raj Mahal
Battle of Haldighati
Battle of Bhuchar Mori
Siege of Kandahar
Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23)
Siege of Orchha
Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53)
Battle of Samugarh
Battle of Khajwa
Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
Siege of Purandhar
Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War
Mughal–Maratha Wars
Siege of Bijapur
Siege of Jinji
Child's War
Siege of Golconda
Battle of Karnal
Third Battle of Panipat
Battle of Buxar
Siege of Delhi
Architecture
Taj Mahal
Gardens of Babur
Fatehpur Sikri
Tomb of Salim Chishti
Humayun's Tomb
Red Fort
Lahore Fort
Jahangir Mahal
Lalbagh Fort
Akbar's Tomb
Agra Fort
Chawk Mosque
Shalimar Gardens
Achabal Gardens
Jahangir's Tomb
Bibi Ka Maqbara
Badshahi Mosque
Shahi Bridge
Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
Sheesh Mahal
Sunehri Masjid
Tipu Sultan Mosque
Wazir Khan Mosque
more
Adversaries
Ibrahim Lodi
Rana Sanga
Sher Shah Suri
Hemu
Maharana Pratap
Malik Ambar
Gokula
Pratapaditya
Shivaji
Lachit Borphukan
Khushal Khattak
Sir Josiah Child
Guru Gobind Singh
Henry Every
Bajirao I
Nader Shah
Hector Munro
Provinces
Bengal Subah
Gujarat Subah
See also
Art
Cuisine
Culture
Flag
Gardens
Language
Military
Painting
Persians
Tribe
Weapons
Timurid dynasty
family tree
Successor states
Maratha Empire
Rajput states
Jats
Sikh Empire
Nawabs of Bengal
Awadh
Nizam of Hyderabad
Carnatic
Kingdom of Mysore
Rohilkhand
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahom–Mughal_conflicts&oldid=856488606"
Categories:
17th-century conflicts
Tai history
Tai peoples
17th century in the Ahom kingdom
Wars involving the Mughal Empire
17th century in the Mughal Empire
Hidden categories:
EngvarB from January 2014
Use dmy dates from January 2014
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 25 August 2018, at 16:00 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: b

value: input

attrs: type role id class style

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

value: label

attrs: class for

values: toctogglelabel toctogglecheckbox

attrs: class dir

values: toctitle ltr

values:
/wiki/Ahom_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Ahom Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Kamrup_Rural_district
mw-redirect
Kamrup Rural district

values:
/wiki/Boundary_dispute
mw-redirect
Boundary dispute

values:
/wiki/Pratap_Singha
mw-redirect
Pratap Singha

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Rainy_season
mw-redirect
Rainy season

values:
/wiki/Chakradhwaj_Singha
mw-redirect
Chakradhwaj Singha

values:
/wiki/Amber,_India
mw-redirect
Amber, India

values:
/wiki/Udayaditya_Singha
mw-redirect
Udayaditya Singha

values:
/wiki/Nawab_of_Bengal
mw-redirect
Nawab of Bengal

values:
/wiki/British_India
mw-redirect
British India

values:
/wiki/History_of_South_Asia
mw-redirect
History of South Asia

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II
mw-redirect
Bahadur Shah II

values: Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire

values:
/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great
mw-redirect
Tomb of Akbar the Great

values:
/wiki/Shahi_Bridge,_Jaunpur
mw-redirect
Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur

values:
/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore
mw-redirect
Sunehri Masjid, Lahore

values:
/wiki/Gujarat_Subah
mw-redirect
Gujarat Subah

values:
/wiki/Persian_language_in_South_Asia
mw-redirect
Persian language in South Asia

values:
/wiki/Carnatic_state
mw-redirect
Carnatic state

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:17th century in the Ahom kingdom

values: Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire

values: Category:17th century in the Mughal Empire

values: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2014

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Ahom%E2%80%93Mughal_conflicts
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Ahom–Mughal_conflicts rootpage-Ahom–Mughal_conflicts skin-vector action-view


text:
500 Miles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Proclaimers song, see I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles).
"500 Miles" (also known as "500 Miles Away from Home" or "Railroaders' Lament") is a song made popular in the United States and Europe during the 1960s folk revival. The simple repetitive lyrics offer a lament by a traveller who is far from home, out of money and too ashamed to return.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Bobby Bare version
3 Chart history
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Other cover versions
5 In other languages
6 In popular culture
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
The song is generally credited as being written by Hedy West,[1][2] and a 1961 copyright is held by Atzal Music, Inc.[1] "500 Miles" is West's "most anthologized song."[3] Some recordings have also credited Curly Williams, or John Phillips as co-writers.[4] David Neale writes that "500 Miles" may be related to the older folk song "900 Miles", which may itself have origins in the southern American fiddle tunes "Reuben's Train" and "Train 45".[4][5]
Bobby Bare version[edit]
"500 Miles Away From Home"
Single by Bobby Bare
from the album 500 Miles Away From Home
B-side
"It All Depends on Linda"
Released
September 1963
Format
7" single
Genre
Country, Easy Listening
Label
RCA Victor
Songwriter(s)
Hedy West
Bobby Bare singles chronology
"Detroit City"
(1963) "500 Miles Away From Home"
(1963) "Miller's Cave"
(1964)
"Detroit City"
(1963) "500 Miles Away From Home"
(1963) "Miller's Cave"
(1964)
The most commercially successful version of the song was Bobby Bare's in 1963. His version became a Top 10 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, as well as a Top 5 hit on both the Country and Adult Contemporary charts.
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1963)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 10
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[7] 4
US Billboard Country 5
US Cash Box Top 100[8] 15
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1963)
Rank
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 100
Other cover versions[edit]
The song appears on the 1961 eponymous debut album by The Journeymen;[10] this may have been its first release.
The song was heard on the February, 1962 Kingston Trio live album College Concert (a 1962 US #3).
It was further popularized by Peter, Paul and Mary, who included the song on their debut album in May 1962.[11][12]
American country music singer Bobby Bare recorded a version with new lyrics, which became a hit single in 1963.[3]
Dick and Dee Dee released a version of the song on their 1964 album, Turn Around.[13]
The song was covered by Sonny & Cher on their 1965 album Look at Us. This version was played over the credits of the 1966 BBC TV film Cathy Come Home.
The lyrics feature heavily in the Bob Dylan song "I Was Young When I Left Home."
The Hooters recorded a version of this song with additional lyrics, dedicated to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. It goes: "A hundred tanks along the square, one man stands and stops them there. Some day soon, the tide will turn, and I'll be free."
It has also been recorded by Terry Callier, Lonnie Donegan, the Brothers Four, Glen Campbell, Johnny Rivers, Reba McEntire, Jackie DeShannon, The Seekers, Elvis Presley, The Highwaymen, The Seldom Scene, Nick Cave, Richard Anthony, Franco Battiato, Rosanne Cash, Bad Astronaut, Peter and Gordon, Eric Bibb, Hootenanny Singers, the innocence mission, Joan Baez, Takako Matsu, Justin Timberlake, The Persuasions, Teske and many others.[14] Recently, the song has been recorded by Justin Timberlake, Carey Mulligan and Stark Sands for the soundtrack of the film Inside Llewyn Davis.[15]
The Jukebox Band sing this song in the Shining Time Station episode Stacy Cleans Up, with an up-beat pop music.
In other languages[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Richard Anthony had a hit with a French version of the song, "Et j'entends siffler le train" (English: "I Hear the Whistle of the Train").[16] It reached number-one in France in 1962.
In 1963 a German version, "Und dein Zug fährt durch die Nacht" (English: "And Your Train Goes Through the Night"), was a success for Peter Beil.
Also in German, Santiano in 2012 released a marine-themed version, "500 Meilen", on their album Bis ans Ende der Welt.
The 1968 Swedish release by The Hootenanny Singers is titled "Så länge du älskar är du ung" (English: "As Long As You Love, You’re Young").
In 1967 Waldemar Matuška and Helena Vondráčková made a Czech cover named "Tisíc mil" (1000 Miles), which was smash hit in that year.
An Assamese version, "Ketiyaba Bejarote", by singer Jayanta Hazarika exists, which is about a son missing his mother who is far away from him. The song was released in 1970-80s.
There is an Indian Hindi version called "Jab Koi Baat Bigad Jaaye" from the movie Jurm (1990) sung by Kumar Sanu and Sadhana Sargam.
Bengali singer Anjan Dutt sung the song in Bengali called "Mr. Hall" in his 1997 album Keu Gaan Gaye.
The Japanese duo Wink included it as the B-side of their 1989 single 淋しい熱帯魚 (Samishii Nettaigyo), under the title 背中 まで 500 マイル (Senaka Made 500 Mairu; 500 Miles Back).[17]
The Slovene singer Lado Leskovar wrote a 1965 hit based on the song titled "Poslednji vlak" (English: "The Last Train").[18]
In 2017 a Chinese adaptation of the song called "别送我" was released on the soundtrack of "Duckweed" and sung by Chen Hongyu, Su Zixu, Liu Hao Lin, and Han Luo.[19]
In popular culture[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In an episode of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., Jim Nabors, in the title role, sang the song to character Lou-Ann Poovie, played by Elizabeth MacRae, resulting in Lou-Ann choosing Gomer as her boyfriend.
It is sung by Justin Timberlake, Carey Mulligan and Stark Sands in Inside Llewyn Davis.
See also[edit]
American fiddle
List of train songs
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Blood, Peter and Annie Patterson (eds), Rise Up Singing, Sing Out Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 1992, p. 232
Jump up ^ Anderson, Yohann (ed), Songs, Songs and Creations, Inc., San Anselmo, California, United States, 1983, p. 29
^ Jump up to: a b Hunt, Ken (3 August 2005). "Obituary: Hedy West". The Independent. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Norm (2000). Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong, 2nd Ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 503–517. ISBN 0-252-06881-5. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, November 23, 1963
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ "The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers. 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ Bruce Eder. "Peter, Paul and Mary - Peter, Paul and Mary | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Top Selling Folk Artists". Billboard Magazine. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.: 18 19 January 1963. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ "Dick & Dee Dee* - Turn Around (Vinyl, LP, Album) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Hedy West | Songs". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Inside Llewyn Davis – Original Soundtrack Recording [LP] | Nonesuch Records - MP3 Downloads, Free Streaming Music, Lyrics". Nonesuch.com. 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "淋しい熱帯魚 (MEG-CD)". amazon.co.jp. Amazon. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Iz naftalina: Lado Leskovar – Poslednji vlak - siol.net". Siol.net. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "别送我". Baidu BaiKe. Retrieved Aug 16, 2017.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Bobby Bare
Studio albums
The Game of Triangles
Notable singles
"500 Miles"
"The Ballad of Lucy Jordan"
"A Dear John Letter"
"Detroit City"
"Four Strong Winds"
"God Bless America Again"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"How I Got to Memphis"
"Just to Satisfy You"
"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"
"Marie Laveau"
"Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town"
"Song of the South"
"Streets of Baltimore"
Guest singles
"No Memories Hangin' Round" (with Rosanne Cash)
Related articles
Bobby Bare, Jr.
[show]
v
t
e
Peter, Paul and Mary
Peter Yarrow
Paul Stookey
Mary Travers
Studio albums
Peter, Paul and Mary
Moving
In the Wind
A Song Will Rise
See What Tomorrow Brings
The Peter, Paul and Mary Album
Album 1700
Late Again
Peter, Paul and Mommy
No Easy Walk To Freedom
In These Times
Compilation albums
The Best of Peter, Paul and Mary: Ten Years Together
Songs of Conscience and Concern
Live albums
In Concert
Peter, Paul & Mommy, Too
Singles
"Lemon Tree"
"If I Had a Hammer"
"Puff, the Magic Dragon"
"500 Miles"
"Blowin' in the Wind"
"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"
"Stewball"
"Tell It on the Mountain"
"The Times They Are a-Changin'"
"When the Ship Comes In"
"San Francisco Bay Blues"
"Early Morning Rain"
"I Dig Rock and Roll Music"
"Too Much of Nothing"
"Day Is Done"
"Leaving on a Jet Plane"
Other songs
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"
"And When I Die"
"El Salvador"
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
"This Land Is Your Land"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=500_Miles&oldid=801360159"
Categories:
1961 songs
1962 singles
1963 singles
The Kingston Trio songs
Peter, Paul and Mary songs
Bobby Bare songs
Dick and Dee Dee songs
The Hooters songs
Glen Campbell songs
Songs about loneliness
Songs about trains
American folk songs
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from August 2017
All articles needing additional references
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Use dmy dates from June 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikibooks
Languages
Brezhoneg
Español
Italiano
עברית
Norsk
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 September 2017, at 06:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: span

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Cash_Box_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Cash Box (magazine)

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:67%;

values:
/wiki/The_Journeymen
mw-redirect
The Journeymen

values:
/wiki/Kingston_Trio
mw-redirect
Kingston Trio

values:
/wiki/Brothers_Four
mw-redirect
Brothers Four

values:
/wiki/Richard_Anthony_(French_singer)
mw-redirect
Richard Anthony (French singer)

values:
/wiki/The_innocence_mission
mw-redirect
The innocence mission

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: List of number-one singles of 1962 (France)

values:
/wiki/Hindi_language
mw-redirect
Hindi language

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/University_of_Illinois
mw-redirect
University of Illinois

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.infodisc.fr/Number1.php

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B002M0N5LC

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
Bobby_Bare
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Bobby_Bare,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Bobby Bare, Jr.

values: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Peter.2C_Paul_and_Mary
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/500_Miles
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Hebrew
he
he
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Miles
500 Miles – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-500_Miles rootpage-500_Miles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Darul Uloom Deoband
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Darul Uloom Deoband
Type
Islamic university
Established
31 May 1866
Chancellor
Majlis-e-Shura
Vice-Chancellor
Mufti Abul Qasim Nomani
Students
7000+
Location
Deoband Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Campus
deoband
Nickname
Darul Uloom
Website
darululoom-deoband.com
The Darul Uloom Deoband In Urdu language(دارلعلوم دیوبند)is the Darul uloom Islamic school in India where the Deobandi Islamic movement began. It is located at Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The school was founded in 1866 by the ulema (Islamic scholars) Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi, Rasheed Ahmed Gangohi and 'Abid Husaiyn.
Contents
1 Program
2 Role in the Indian independence movement
3 Fatwas and controversy
4 Alumni
5 Publications
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Program[edit]
The school teaches manqulat (revealed Islamic sciences) according to the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. In this seminary, Nanautawi instituted modern methods of learning such as teaching in classrooms, a fixed and carefully selected curriculum, lectures by academics who were leaders in their fields, exam periods, merit prizes, and a publishing press. Students were taught in Urdu, and sometimes in Arabic for theological reasons or Persian, for cultural and literary reasons. The curriculum is based on a highly modified version of the 17th century Indo-Islamic syllabus known as Dars-e-Nizami. The students learn the Quran and its exegesis; Hadith and its commentary; and juristic rulings with textual and rational proofs. They also study the biography of Muhammad, Arabic grammar, language and literature, and Farsi (Persian).[1]
The syllabus consists of many stages. The five-year Nazirah (primary course) teaches Urdu, Persian, Hindi and English. The next level is the Hifze Quran. This involves the memorization of the Quran over two to four years. A few students will then choose Tajwid e Hafs (melodious recitation). The student is taught the detailed recitation rules of the Quran as laid down by Qari Hafs. Still fewer will take up the next course, the Sab'ah and 'Asharah Qira'at (study of all the ten Quran recitations.
A post graduate studies equivalent is the Fazilat course taken over eight years. It commences with Arabi Awwal, in which the basics of the Arabic language is the main aim, and finishes with Daura e Hadith, in which the main books of the saying of the Holy Prophet are taught. A prerequisite for this course is completion of primary education. Memorization of the Quran is also recommended. Students who complete the Fazilat may use the title Alim or Maulvi. The Daurae Hadith (final year) class is taught in the basement of the large Masjid Rasheed (Rasheed Mosque) which was constructed in the style of the Taj Mahal. In the 2017 - 2018 academic year (1438-1439 AH), 1664 students attended the Daurae Hadith class.
Almost a quarter of the students who complete the Daurae Hadith continue their studies. These advanced courses include Takmil Ifta (Jurisprudence); Takmil Adab (Arabic literature); and Takhassus fil Hadith (Hadith).[2] Students who complete the Takmil Ifta take the title Mufti.
Role in the Indian independence movement[edit]
The political ideals of Darul-Uloom Deoband were founded up to ten years prior to the opening of the seminary. In 1857 (AH 1274), Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (a spiritual leader) and his followers, Muhammad Yaqoob Nanautavi and Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi and others, gathered at Thana Bhawan in violent protest against British rule and continued their call for the independence of India.
In 1913 AD (1333 HD), Nanautavi's pupil, Mahmud al-Hasan was a leader in the independence movement. He incited revolution through a scheme which the Rowlatt committee called the Silken Letters. However, the scheme failed and al-Hasan and his followers were arrested and exiled. In 1920 AD (1338HD), al-Hasan was returned from exile in Malta. His group, Jami'atul-Ulama, which included Husain Ahmad Madani, Kifayatullah Dehlavi, Fakhrud-Deen Ahmad, and later on, Hifzur Rahman, Ateequr-Rahman Usmani, Minnatullah Rahmani, Habibur-Rahman Ludhyanvi, and Muhammad Miyan Deobandi joined with the Indian National Congress. In 1926 AD (1345 HD) and 1927 AD (1346 HD), graduates of the school called for Indian independence at Jami'atul-Ulama meetings in Calcutta and Peshawar. Madani opposed the suggestion of the All-India Muslim League for the partition of India along sectarian lines. He also advocated democratic government with religious freedoms and tolerance.[3][4][5]
On 29 December 1929 AD, Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam (Majlis-e-Ah'rãr-e-Islam,Urdu: مجلس احرارلأسلام, or Ahrar), a conservative Sunni Muslim Deobandi political party was founded in Lahore, Punjab, . The founding members of the party were Chaudhry Afzal Haq, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi, Maulana Mazhar Ali Azhar, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and Dawood Ghaznavi.[6] The founding members were disillusioned by the Khilafat Movement, which had aligned with the Indian National Congress.[7] The party gathered support from the urban lower-middle class. It opposed Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the All-India Muslim League and it objected to the persecution of the Ahmadiyya religious community.[8]
In 1969 AD (1389 HD), Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the Pashtun independence activist, addressed the students of the school and said, "I have had relation with Darul-Uloom since the time the Shaikhul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan was alive. Sitting here we used to make plans for the independence movement as to how we might drive away the English from this country and how we could make India free from the yoke of slavery of the English. This institution has made great efforts for the freedom of this country".
Fatwas and controversy[edit]
In January 2012, scholars from a Deobandi school issued a fatwa (religious edict) calling for the author Salman Rushdie to be barred from entering India to attend a literature festival because he had offended Muslim sentiments.[9][10]
In May 2010, clerics from a Deobandi school issued a fatwa stating that men and women cannot work together in public offices unless the women are properly clothed.[11][12][13]
In September 2013, scholars from a Deobandi school issued a fatwa banning photography as un-Islamic.[14]
The spread of the Deobandi movement in the United Kingdom has produced some criticism concerning their views on interfaith dialogue and values like democracy or the rule of (secular) law. In September 2007 Andrew Norfolk of The Times published an article titled "the hardline takeover of British mosques" about the influence of the Deobandis whom the author called a "hardline islamic sect".[15]
In February 2008, an anti-terrorism conference, organized by the seminary, denounced all forms of terrorism.[16]
Alumni[edit]
The school has links to national and international Islamic educational and theological organizations. Graduates of the school have established seminaries such as Darul Uloom Sabeelus Salam in Hyderabad;[17] Camperdown, near Durban in South Africa; Darul 'Uloom Karachi, Jami'ah Ashrafiyah Lahore,;[18] Jami'ah Ziyaul-Qur'an (Al-Ma'ruf Bagh-Wali Masjid), Faisalabad; and Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam, Chittagong, Bangladesh.[citation needed]
Notable alumni of the school include:
Mahmood Hasan Deobandi, Shaikh-al-Hind, first student of Darul Uloom, Deoband and leader of the anti-colonial Silk Letter Conspiracy.
Ashraf Ali Thanwi, a sufi sheikh, known for his Quran exegesis, Bayanul Quran, and Bahishti Zewar (about jurisprudence for women)
Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Allamah and Hadith scholar known for his photographic memory. Former Shaikhul Hadith of Darul Uloom Deoband
Husain Ahmed Madani, former shaikhul hadith of Darul Uloom, was an Islamic scholar from the Indian subcontinent. His followers called him Shaykh al-Islām, Shaykh Ul Arab Wal Ajam to acknowledge his expertise in hadith and fiqh. and leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi, was a political activist of the Indian independence movement and one of its vigorous leaders. Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi struggled for the independence of British India and for an exploitation-free society in India.
Muhammad Ilyas Kandhalawi, founder of Tabligh Jamaat
Mufti Muhammad Shafi Uthmani was a South Asian Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought. A Hanafi jurist and mufti, he was also an authority on shari'ah, hadith, tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis), and tasawwuf (Sufism). After the independence he moved to Pakistan, where he established Darul Uloom Karachi in 1951. Of his written works, his best-known is Ma'ariful Qur'an, a tafsir of the Qur'an.
Maulānā Sayyid Taj Mahmūd Amrōtī, was a scholar, fighter against British control of India, and educationalist, He led the movement of "Reshmi Roomal" & "Hijrat Movement" to Afghanistan.
Ghulam Murshid, former honorary khateeb at Badshahi Mosque, Lahore
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Shaikhul Islam and former Member, Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
Maulana Abdul Haq Akorwi, was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and the founder, chancellor, and Shaykh al-Hadith of the Islamic seminary Darul Uloom Haqqania. He was involved in politics as a member of the political party Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam. He served three times in the National Assembly of Pakistan and was an active proponent of the Khatm-i Nabuwwat movement.
Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi, leader of Ahrari
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Bangladeshi politician;
Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, former chief minister of Kelantan State, Malaysia
Syed Abuzar Bukhari
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, former president of All-India Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam.
Ubaidul Haq, former chief cleric of Bangladesh.
Shah Ahmad Shafi, Sheikh ul-Islam Allama Shah Ahmad Shafi is the present chief of Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh, present rector of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari and also the chairman of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board
Publications[edit]
The following journals and magazines are published under the aegis of Darul ‘Uloom Deoband and its alumni.
Al-Da'ee/Ad-Da'ee, Arabic monthly periodical.[19]
Maah Namah Darul ‘Uloom, Urdu monthly periodical.[20]
Aaeenah Darul ‘Uloom, Urdu fortnightly periodical.[21]
See also[edit]
Tablighi Jamat
Nowshera District
Markazul Maarif
Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
Darul Uloom Zakariyya
List of Mohtamims of Darul Uloom Deoband
List of Deobandi universities
References[edit]
Jump up ^ " Qawaide Dakhilah." Darululoom-deoband.com.
Jump up ^ "Regulations" Daraluloom Deoband.com
Jump up ^ Ghazzali A. Islamic Pakistan: Illusions and Reality." Ghazali.net
Jump up ^ Jaffrelot C. and Beaumont G. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. p224. ISBN 1-84331-149-6.
Jump up ^ "Barelvi Islam." Globalsecurity.org
Jump up ^ Ahmad, N.Origins of Muslim consciousness in India: a world-system perspective. Greenwood Press, New York, 1991. p175.
Jump up ^ Jaffrelot C.A history of Pakistan and its origins. Anthem Press, 2004. ISBN 1-84331-149-6, ISBN 978-1-84331-149-2.
Jump up ^ Bahadur K. Democracy in Pakistan: crises and conflicts. Har Anand Publications 1998 p176.
Jump up ^ "Darul Uloom Farangimahal fatwa Rushdie Jaipur visit. Siasat.com
Jump up ^ Cleric seeks apology from Rushdie. Kashmir monitor.org 19 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Young Muslim women fume at Deoband diktat." News-views.India.
Jump up ^ "Deoband fatwa: It's illegal for women to work, support family." Times of India.com 12 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Insurance policy is un-Islamic: Deoband." Express India.com
Jump up ^ "Times of India: Deoband issues fatwa banning photography as un-Islamic." 11 September 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/faith/article2098578.ece
Jump up ^ "Muslim clerics declare terror "un-Islamic"" Times of India 25 February 2008.
Jump up ^ In'amiyyah "Madrasah In'amiyyah" Alinam.org
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Ashrafia Islamic University Lahore." Ashrafia.org.pk 14 September 1947. Accessed 6 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Ameeni K. (ed.) Al-Da'ee/Ad-Da'ee.
Jump up ^ Qaasmi H. (ed.) Maah Namah Darul ‘Uloom.
Jump up ^ 'Alwi K. (ed.) Aaeenah Darul ‘Uloom.
External links[edit]
Tabassum F. Deoband Ulema's Movement for the Freedom of India. Jamiat Ulama i-Hind, New Delhi, pdf at Attahawi blog, July 2007.
Darul ‘Uloom Deoband, India, official website.
Deoband movement website.
Darul ‘Uloom Deoband Indian mosques blog.
Khabrein Indian Muslim news and opinion website.
Deobandi Islam Global security organisation website.
Metcalf B. "Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs. Social Science Research Council, non-profit organisation, Brooklyn, New York.
‘Ulama's progressive stand on Yoga, terrorism, other issues needs to be praised. Indscribe's Blog, February 2009.
hide
v
t
e
Islamism in South Asia
Ideology
Ahl-i Hadith
Barelvi
Deobandi
Islamism
Pan-Islamism
Wahhabism
Organisations
Afghanistan
Taliban
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir
Islami Jatiya Oikya Front
Islami Oikya Jote
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh
Islamic Front Bangladesh
Bangladesh Islamic Front
India
Darul Uloom Deoband
Darul Uloom Ahmadiyya Salafia
Ahl-e-Hadith
Girls Islamic Organisation of India
Jamaat-e-Islami Hind
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
National Development Front
Popular Front of India
Students Islamic Movement of India
Students Islamic Organisation of India
Pakistan
Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
Jamiat Ahle Hadith
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
Tanzeem-e-Islami
Tehrik-e-Jafaria
Others
Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh
Hizb ut-Tahrir
Jamaat-e-Islami
Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir
Jamaat ul-Fuqra
Khaksars
All India Khilafat Committee
Muslim National Guard
Tablighi Jamaat
Leaders
Ahmad Sirhindi
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
Syed Hayatullah
Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi
Mian Tufail Mohammad
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Anwar Shah Kashmiri
Mahmud al-Hasan
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Mohammad Ali Jouhar
Shaukat Ali
Muhammad Iqbal
Allama Mashriqi
Abul A'la Maududi
Shah Ahmad Noorani
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Fazl-ur-Rehman
Ghulam Azam
Muhammad Ilyas Qadri
Motiur Rahman Nizami
Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi
Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi
Muhammad Taqi Usmani
Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib
Safdar Nagori
Jalaluddin Umri
Israr Ahmed
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
Qazi Hussain Ahmad
Arif Hussain Hussaini
Delwar Hossain Sayeedi
Yusuf Islahi
Syed Nazeer Husain
Khalid Mehmood Soomro
Siddiq Hasan Khan
Ehsan Elahi Zaheer
Sanaullah Amritsari
Abul Kalam Azad
Azizul Haque
Fazlul Haque Amini
Nurul Islam Farooqi
Events
Direct Action Day
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
Hudood Ordinances
Shah Bano case
Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984
Babri Masjid
Hasba bill
Noakhali riots
Part of Islamism
Militant Islamism in South Asia
Coordinates: 29°41′32″N 77°40′39″E / 29.69222°N 77.67750°E / 29.69222; 77.67750
Authority control
GND: 7538711-6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darul_Uloom_Deoband&oldid=853631175"
Categories:
Deobandi Islamic universities and colleges
Islamic education in India
Madrasas in India
Educational institutions established in 1866
Islamic universities and colleges in India
Saharanpur district
Islam in Singapore
1867 establishments in India
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Urdu-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Deutsch
فارسی
ગુજરાતી
हिन्दी
मराठी
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
پښتو
Русский
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
اردو
5 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 6 August 2018, at 01:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: caption

value: th

attrs: scope style

value: td

value: tr

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Darul_Uloom
mw-redirect
Darul Uloom

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.darululoom-deoband.com

values:
/wiki/Deobandi_Islamic_movement
mw-redirect
Deobandi Islamic movement

values:
/wiki/Rasheed_Ahmed_Gangohi
mw-redirect
Rasheed Ahmed Gangohi

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence
mw-redirect
Islamic jurisprudence

values: Edit section: Role in the Indian independence movement

values: Maulana Muhammad Yaqoob Nanautavi (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Rasheed_Ahmad_Gangohi
mw-redirect
Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi

values:
/wiki/Rowlatt_committee
mw-redirect
Rowlatt committee

values:
/wiki/Urdu_language
mw-redirect
Urdu language

values:
/wiki/Sunni_Muslim
mw-redirect
Sunni Muslim

values:
/wiki/Punjab,_British_India
mw-redirect
Punjab, British India

values:
/wiki/Maulana_Habib-ur-Rehman_Ludhianvi
mw-redirect
Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi

values:
/wiki/Maulana_Mazhar_Ali_Azhar
mw-redirect
Maulana Mazhar Ali Azhar

values:
/wiki/Maulana_Zafar_Ali_Khan
mw-redirect
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan

values:
/wiki/Khan_Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan
mw-redirect
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

values: Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Silk_Letter_Conspiracy
mw-redirect
Silk Letter Conspiracy

values:
/wiki/Husain_Ahmed_Madani
mw-redirect
Husain Ahmed Madani

values:
/wiki/Islamic_scholar
mw-redirect
Islamic scholar

values:
/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_Kandhalawi
mw-redirect
Muhammad Ilyas Kandhalawi

values:
/wiki/Tabligh_Jamaat
mw-redirect
Tabligh Jamaat

values:
/wiki/South_Asian
mw-redirect
South Asian

values:
/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Karachi
mw-redirect
Darul Uloom Karachi

values:
/wiki/Ma%27ariful_Qur%27an
mw-redirect
Ma'ariful Qur'an

values:
/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam
mw-redirect
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam

values:
/wiki/Hefajat-e-Islam_Bangladesh
mw-redirect
Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh

values: Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board

values:
/wiki/Tablighi_Jamat
mw-redirect
Tablighi Jamat

values: List of Mohtamims of Darul Uloom Deoband

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.alinam.org.za/Madrasah

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ashrafia.org.pk/index.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.deoband.org

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.khabrein.info

values:
/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Bangladesh
mw-redirect
Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh

values:
/wiki/Bangladesh_Islamic_Front
mw-redirect
Bangladesh Islamic Front

values:
/wiki/Fazl-ur-Rehman_(politician)
mw-redirect
Fazl-ur-Rehman (politician)

values: Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/7538711-6

values: Category:Deobandi Islamic universities and colleges

values: Category:Educational institutions established in 1866

values: Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India

values: Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: دار العلوم ديوبند – Arabic

values: দারুল উলুম দেওবন্দ – Bangla

values: دارالعلوم دیوبندی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: દારૂલ ઉલૂમ દેવબંદ – Gujarati

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gu
display: none;

values: दारुल उलूम देवबन्द – Hindi

values: देवबंद – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values: ਦਾਰੁਲ ਉਲੂਮ ਦਿਉਬੰਦ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values: دارالعلوم دیوبند – Western Punjabi

values: دیوبند دار العلوم – Pashto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ps
display: none;

values: Дар уль-Улюм Деобанд – Russian

values: தாருல் உலூம் தேவ்பந்த் – Tamil

values: దారుల్ ఉలూమ్ దేవ్ బంద్ – Telugu

values: دار العلوم دیوبند – Urdu

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Darul_Uloom_Deoband rootpage-Darul_Uloom_Deoband skin-vector action-view