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List of Indian flags
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This is a list of flags used in India. For more information about the national flag, visit the article Flag of India.
Contents
[hide]
1 National flag
2 Governmental flag
3 Ensigns
4 Military flags
4.1 Army
4.2 Air Force
4.3 Navy
4.4 Coast Guard
5 States and Union territorial flags
5.1 De jure state flags
5.2 Unofficial state flags
6 Historical
6.1 Pre-colonial states
6.2 British Colonial India
6.3 (Royal) Indian Marine/(Royal) Indian Navy
6.4 French India
6.5 Portuguese India
7 Flags used by the Indian independence movement
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
National flag[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1947–present National flag of India A horizontal tricolour of saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the centre is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra.
Governmental flag[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1950–1971[1] Presidential Standard of India 1st quarter: state emblem (the Lions of Sarnath) to represent national unity; 2nd quarter: elephant from Ajanta Caves to represent patience and strength; 3rd quarter: scales from the Red Fort, Old Delhi to represent justice and economy; 4th quarter: lotus vase from Sarnath to represent prosperity.
Ensigns[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
Civil ensign A Red Ensign with the flag of India in the canton.
State ensign A Blue Ensign with the flag of India in the canton, and a yellow anchor horizontally in the fly.
Military flags[edit]
Army[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
Flag of the Indian Army A red field with the flag of India in the canton, and the Army badge in the fly
Flag of the Chief of Army Staff
Air Force[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
Flag of the Indian Air Force A sky-blue ensign with the flag of India in the canton, and the Air Force roundel in the fly
Flag of the Chief of Air Staff
Flag of Marshal of the Indian Air Force
Navy[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
Ensign of the Indian Navy It is built up of the Indian National Flag, a Vertical and a Horizontal Red Stripe, the Indian State Emblem in golden yellow colour on a white background.
Admiral (Chief of Naval Staff)
Vice Admiral
Rear Admiral
Commodore
Coast Guard[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
Ensign of the Indian Coast Guard A Blue Ensign with the Flag of India in the canton, and the Coast Guard badge in the fly
Flag of Director General of the Indian Coast Guard A Blue Ensign with the Flag of India in the canton, and the Coast Guard badge in the fly
Flag of Additional Director General of the Indian Coast Guard
Flag of Inspector General of the Indian Coast Guard
States and Union territorial flags[edit]
De jure state flags[edit]
Jammu and Kashmir is the only state to have de jure flag.[2]
Flag
State
Date
Use
Description
Jammu and Kashmir 1972–present Flag of Jammu and Kashmir The flag is red to symbolise labour, with three white vertical stripes in the hoist (which do not run the whole height of the flag). The stripes stand for the three divisions of the region namely; (Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh). On the right side of the flag is a white plough with the handle facing the stripes. The ratio of the flag to its width is 3:2.
Unofficial state flags[edit]
Flag
State
Date
Use
Description
Sikkim 1967-1975 Flag of Sikkim, used as a flag when Sikkim was an independent kingdom before its annexation to India Buddhist khorlo prayer wheel with the gankyil in the centre, on a field of white with a red border.
Historical[edit]
Pre-colonial states[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1206–1526 Flag of Delhi Sultanate A dark green flag with a black strip left of center.
1336 — 1646 Flag of Vijayanagara Empire Yellow coloured flag of the Vijayanagara Empire which ruled over South India.
1518–1687 Flag of Kingdom of Golconda Cyan coloured flag of the Qutb Shahi dynasty which ruled over the Kingdom of Golconda.
1399 — 1950 Flag of Kingdom of Mysore Red and Brown coloured flag of the Kingdom of Mysore which ruled over most of Karnataka and at its zenith most of south India.
1526–1858 Flag of Mughal Empire Alam flag that was primarily moss green.[3]
1674–1818 Flag of Maratha Empire (Bhagwa Dhwaj)[4] A saffron-coloured swallowtail flag.
1799–1849 Flag of Sikh Empire[5] A red-colored interior and a green coloured exterior.
British Colonial India[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1858–1947 The official state flag of the British Raj for use on land The flag of the United Kingdom.
c. 1885–1947 Flag of the Governor-General of India The Union Flag defaced with the insignia of the Order of the Star of India beneath the Imperial Crown of India.
1947–1950 Dark blue field emblazoned with the royal crest (a Tudor Crown surmounted by the lion of England, itself wearing the crown), beneath which was the word 'India' in gold majuscules. Similar to flags used by other Governors-General of Commonwealth realms.
c. 1880–1947 Flag of the British Raj: An unofficial land flag used only to represent British India in international events and associations A Red Ensign with the Union Flag at the canton, and the Star of India displayed in the fly.
(Royal) Indian Marine/(Royal) Indian Navy[edit]
1863–1947 1877–1892 Ensign of Her Majesty's Indian Marine
1892-1928: Ensign of the Royal Indian Marine
1928–1934 Naval jack of the Royal Indian Marine
1934-1947: Naval jack of the Royal Indian Navy A Blue Ensign with the Union Flag at the canton, and the Star of India displayed in the fly.
1928–1950 1928-1934: Ensign of the Royal Indian Marine
1934-1950: Ensign of the Royal Indian Navy The White Ensign of the Royal Navy.
1951-1955 1951-1955: Flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy
1955: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy The St George's Cross.
Ensign of an Admiral in the Royal Navy.
1934-1958 1934-1947: Flag of the Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Indian Navy
1947-1950: Flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy
1950-1955: Flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy
1955-1958: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy Ensign of a Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy.
1928-1958 1928-1934: Flag of the Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Indian Marine
1934-1950: Flag of a Flag Officer, Royal Indian Navy
1950-1958: Flag of a Flag Officer, Indian Navy Ensign of a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy.
French India[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1667-1791 Flag of the Kingdom of France Flag of the Kingdom of France.
1791-1794 1791-1792: Flag of the Kingdom of France
1792-1794: Flag of the French First Republic The flag of France.
1815-1830 Flag of the Kingdom of France under the Bourbon Restoration Flag of the Kingdom of France.
1794–1804, 1830-1940, 1944-1954 1794-1804: Flag of the French First Republic
1804-1814, 1815: Flag of the First French Empire
1830-1848; Flag of the Kingdom of France
1848-1852: Flag of the French Second Republic
1852-1870: Flag of the Second French Empire
1870-1940: Flag of the French Third Republic and French Empire
1944-1946: Flag of the Provisional Government of the Fourth French Republic
1946-1954: Flag of the French Fourth Republic and French Union The flag of France.
1940-1944 Flag of French India under Free France Flag of Free France with the Cross of Lorraine
Portuguese India[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1505–1521 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1521–1578 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1578–1640 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1616–1640 Putative flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1640–1667 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1667–1706 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1706 - 1750 1826 - 1830 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1750–1816 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1816–1826 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal.
1830–1910 Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. Vertical bicolour blue-white. Proportion of the fields: 1:1.
1911–1961 (de facto)/1974 (de jure) The flag of Portugal. The final state flag of Portuguese India. Used from the implantation of the Portuguese Republic in 1910. Officially used until 1974, as Portugal only then recognised the Annexation of Portuguese India.
1967 (proposed) Proposed official flag for Portuguese India in 1967. Proposal by F.P. de Almeida Langhans. Never actually used.
Flags used by the Indian independence movement[edit]
Flag
Date
Use
Description
1906 Calcutta Flag Three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow, and the bottom green. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe, and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. वन्दे मातरम् (Vande Mātaram) was inscribed in the centre in Devanagari. [Note 1]
1907 Early Indian nationalist flags [Note 2]
1907
1917 Flag of the Home Rule Movement Five red and four green horizontal stripes
On the upper left quadrant was the Union Jack, which signified the Dominion status that the movement sought to achieve. A crescent and a star, both in white, are set in top fly. Seven white stars are arranged as in the Saptarishi constellation (the constellation Ursa Major), which is sacred to Hindus. [Note 3]
1921 Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1921
1923–1947 The Swaraj Flag, officially adopted by the Congress in 1931
1942–1945 Flag of Provisional Government of Free India Three horizontal strips of saffron, white, and green, with a springing tiger in the center
Although this symbolised the armed resistance of the Azad Hind Movement led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (as opposed to Gandhian pacifism), the 1931 flag of the Indian National Congress was used when the Indian National Army hoisted its flag in Moirang, Manipur. Both flags were used interchangeably.
See also[edit]
India portal
Emblem of India
Jana Gana Mana
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new Indian flag that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country. The Vande Mataram flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the Vande Mataram slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in Calcutta bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the Indian National Congress. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by Madam Bhikaji Cama at the Second Socialist International Meeting in Stuttgart. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists.[6]
Jump up ^ Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and eight oil lamps for the border, with the Vande Mataram caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906.[7] Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement.
Jump up ^ In 1916, Suraiya Tayyabji submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part of the Home Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Das, Chand N. (1984). Traditions and Customs of the Indian Armed Forces. Vision Books. p. 53.
Jump up ^ Haynes, Ed (24 September 1996). "Jammu and Kashmir (India)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
Jump up ^ http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/a/zoomify55414.html
Jump up ^ Kadam, Vasant S. (1993), Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, p. 128, ISBN 978-81-215-0570-3
Jump up ^ http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/empire/architecture.html#arch4
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 175–176
Jump up ^ Roy 2006, pp. 498–499
Jump up ^ Virmani 1999, pp. 176–177
External links[edit]
"India - Index of all Pages".
"Indian Ensigns".
"British Rule in India".
"India: Historical Flags". Flags of the World. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
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Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France
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Tour 2004
Tour 2006: David Millar, Jens Voigt and Philippe Gilbert.
Tour 2007
The Tour de France has finished on the Champs-Élysées every year since 1975. In the first edition of 1903, the finish was at Ville-d'Avray; from 1904 to 1967 at the Parc des Princes and from 1968 to 1974 at the Vélodrome de Vincennes.
The course is also used for La Course by Le Tour de France, a women's one-day race held since 2014.
Contents
1 History
2 Arrivals
3 General classification
4 Points classification
5 Winners
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
In the first Tour of 1903, the finish was at Ville-d'Avray. From 1904 to 1967 it was at the Parc des Princes track and from 1968 to 1974, during the heyday of Eddy Merckx, at the Vélodrome de Vincennes.[1]
In 1974, Félix Lévitan, co-director of the Tour, and reporter Yves Mourousi suggested a finish on the Champs-Élysées. Mourousi directly contacted French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to obtain permission.[2] The first stage took place in 1975: this was a Paris-Paris stage of 25 laps (163.5 km). The Belgian Walter Godefroot won the sprint and Bernard Thévenet received the yellow jersey from the hands of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. In 1977, French Alain Meslet became the first rider to win alone. Since 1978, the Tour launched from outside the city, only the end of the stage follows the route, and the number of laps has varied between six and eight, except for 2003, when the Tour commemorated the centenary of the event; 2013, to celebrate the 100th edition of the race and 2015, to celebrate the 40th finish on the Champs-Élysées, by having riders complete 10 laps of the circuit.
Arrivals[edit]
Due to the high profile of the last day as well as its setting, the stage is prestigious. The overall Tour placings are typically settled before the final stage so the racing is often for the glory of finishing the Tour and, at times, to settle the points classification.
Traditionally, the stage starts with champagne served by the race leader's team, on-the-road photo opportunities and joking around. As the riders approach Paris, the racing heats up as the sprinters and their teams begin the real racing of the day. When the riders reach central Paris, they enter the Champs-Élysées riding up the Rue de Rivoli, on to the Place de la Concorde and then swing right on to the Champs-Élysées itself. The riders ride now a total of 8 laps (up towards the Arc de Triomphe, down the Champs-Élysées, round les Tuileries and the Louvre and across the Place de la Concorde back to the Champs-Élysées). In past Tours, the riders would complete ten laps before the Tour was over.
When a rider has reached a significant milestone over the course of the concluding Tour, it is customary for the peloton to let him enter the Champs-Elysées section of the stage in first place. Such an honor was bestowed upon American George Hincapie in 2012, in recognition of his final and record setting 17th Tour de France.
While a number of riders will try to pull away from the peloton on the Champs-Elysées, chances of success are slim and these attempts are often seen as one last opportunity for teams to showcase their colors. It is extremely hard for a small group to resist the push of chasing sprinter's teams on the stage's flat circuit, even more so than in a linear race, and the overwhelming majority have ended in a mass sprint.
In early years, breakaway wins did not appear uncommon. A surprising three straight occurred between 1977 and 1979. However, with the advent of modern racing tactics, the feat has become very rare, lending an increasingly valued place in Tour lore to the few who have achieved it. Those are Frenchmen Alain Meslet (1977), Bernard Hinault (1979) and Eddy Seigneur (1994), Dutchman Gerrie Knetemann (1978), American Jeff Pierce (1987), and Kazakh Alexander Vinokourov (2005).

General classification[edit]
There are a few exceptions, in which the last stage saw attacks on the leading position in the general classification.
In 1979, Joop Zoetemelk was 3:07 behind Bernard Hinault before the final stage. Zoetemelk attacked on the last stage, hoping to win enough time to claim the victory. Hinault chased Zoetemelk, and beat him for the stage victory.[3]
In 1989, Greg LeMond beat Laurent Fignon by 58 seconds over a 24 km time trial from Versailles. In doing so, he closed a 50-second gap to win the 1989 Tour de France by eight seconds. It was the first (and only) time trial final stage on the Champs-Élysées. The 1964, 1965 and 1967 Tours finished with time trials to the Parc des Princes, and the 1968 to 1971 stages had time trials to the Vélodrome de Vincennes (Cipale).
In 2005, Lance Armstrong had a comfortable lead in the general classification, but behind him Alexander Vinokourov and Levi Leipheimer were only two seconds apart, on fifth and sixth place. Vinokourov succeeded in a breakaway during the last kilometre and, because of his stage win and bonus seconds, overtook Leipheimer for fifth position overall.[4] As of 2018, this is the last time the stage was not decided in a bunch sprint.
In 2015, bad weather caused the Tour organisers to declare the overall classification neutralised upon entry to the Champs-Élysées, 70 km before the stage finished.[5]
Points classification[edit]
In some years, the points classification was decided on that last stage.
In 1984, Frank Hoste had been leading the points classification for most of the race, but Sean Kelly had taken over the lead on the penultimate stage, with a difference of 4 points. Hoste ended third in the last stage against Kelly fifth, which made Hoste the winner by 4 points.
In the final stages of the 1987 Tour de France, the lead in the points classification switched between Jean-Paul van Poppel and Stephen Roche. Before the final stage, Roche was leading by 17 points, but during the last stage Van Poppel won back 16 points by intermediate sprints. Van Poppel's ninth place in the stage was then enough to win the points classification by 16 points.
In 1991, Djamolidine Abdoujaparov clipped his wheels on barriers. With less than 100m left he tumbled head-over-heels in a spectacular crash. After he regained consciousness, he was helped across the line to clinch the sprinters' competition.[6]
In 2001, Stuart O'Grady had been leading the points classification for most of the race, but Erik Zabel overtook him at the final moment.[7]
In 2003, the green jersey was settled by a close finish between Baden Cooke and Robbie McEwen finishing 2nd and 3rd respectively, this meant that Baden Cooke finished with 216 points to Robbie McEwen's 214.
Winners[edit]
Winner of the last stage in the Tour de France[8]
Year
Starting place
Distance
Stage winner
1975 Paris 163.4 km (102 mi) Walter Godefroot (BEL)
1976 Paris 90.7 km (56 mi) Gerben Karstens (NED)
1977 Paris 90.7 km (56 mi) Alain Meslet (FRA)
1978 Saint-Germain-en-Laye 161.5 km (100 mi) Gerrie Knetemann (NED)
1979 Le Perreux-sur-Marne 180.3 km (112 mi) Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1980 Fontenay-sous-Bois 186.1 km (116 mi) Pol Verschuere (BEL)
1981 Fontenay-sous-Bois 186.6 km (116 mi) Freddy Maertens (BEL)
1982 Fontenay-sous-Bois 186.8 km (116 mi) Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1983 Alfortville 195 km (121 mi) Gilbert Glaus (SUI)
1984 Pantin 196.5 km (122 mi) Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)
1985 Orléans 196 km (122 mi) Rudy Matthijs (BEL)
1986 Cosne-sur-Loire 255 km (158 mi) Guido Bontempi (ITA)
1987 Créteil 192 km (119 mi) Jeff Pierce (USA)
1988 Nemours 172.5 km (107 mi) Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED)
1989 Versailles 24.5 km (15 mi) (ITT) Greg LeMond (USA)
1990 Brétigny-sur-Orge 182 km (113 mi) Johan Museeuw (BEL)
1991 Melun 178 km (111 mi) Dimitri Konyshev (RUS)
1992 La Défense 141 km (88 mi) Olaf Ludwig (GER)
1993 Viry-Châtillon 196.5 km (122 mi) Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
1994 Disneyland 175 km (109 mi) Eddy Seigneur (FRA)
1995 Ste-Geneviève-des-Bois 155 km (96 mi) Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
1996 Palaiseau 147.5 km (92 mi) Fabio Baldato (ITA)
1997 Disneyland 149.5 km (93 mi) Nicola Minali (ITA)
1998 Melun 147.5 km (92 mi) Tom Steels (BEL)
1999 Arpajon 143.5 km (89 mi) Robbie McEwen (AUS)
2000 Paris 138 km (86 mi) Stefano Zanini (ITA)
2001 Corbeil-Essonnes 160.5 km (100 mi) Ján Svorada (CZE)
2002 Melun 144 km (89 mi) Robbie McEwen (AUS)
2003 Ville-d'Avray 160 km (99 mi) Jean-Patrick Nazon (FRA)
2004 Montereau 163 km (101 mi) Tom Boonen (BEL)
2005 Corbeil-Essonnes 144.5 km (90 mi) Alexander Vinokourov (KAZ)
2006 Antony–Parc de Sceaux 152 km (94 mi) Thor Hushovd (NOR)
2007 Marcoussis 130 km (81 mi) Daniele Bennati (ITA)
2008 Étampes 143 km (89 mi) Gert Steegmans (BEL)
2009 Montereau-Fault-Yonne 160 km (99 mi) Mark Cavendish (GBR)
2010 Longjumeau 102.5 km (64 mi) Mark Cavendish (GBR)
2011 Créteil 95 km (59 mi) Mark Cavendish (GBR)
2012 Rambouillet 120 km (75 mi) Mark Cavendish (GBR)
2013 Versailles 133.5 km (83 mi) Marcel Kittel (GER)
2014 Évry 136 km (85 mi) Marcel Kittel (GER)
2015 Sèvres 109.5 km (68 mi) André Greipel (GER)
2016 Chantilly 113 km (70 mi) André Greipel (GER)
2017 Montgeron 103 km (64 mi) Dylan Groenewegen (NED)
2018 Houilles 116 km (72 mi) Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. p. 179. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Supplement Team 1410 of July 25, 2009. Confirmed by Raphaël Géminiani on the issue of Big Heads of June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour De France: 1965–2007. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 137. ISBN 1-59858-608-4.
Jump up ^ "www.cyclingnews.com presents the 92nd Tour de France".
Jump up ^ "Rain forces neutralization of Tour de France finale". VeloNews.com.
Jump up ^ McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour De France: 1965–2007. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 201. ISBN 1-59858-608-4.
Jump up ^ Zabel bags the green in exciting finale
Jump up ^ "Memoire du cyclisme" (in French). Retrieved 15 February 2010.
External links[edit]
Media related to Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons
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No Protection (Massive Attack album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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No Protection
Remix album by Massive Attack and Mad Professor
Released
17 February 1995
Recorded
1994
Genre
Dub
Length
49:57
Massive Attack chronology
Protection
(1994) Protection1994 No Protection
(1995) No Protection1995 Mezzanine
(1998) Mezzanine1998
No Protection is the name of a dub remix of Massive Attack's second album Protection. The remix was done by the British dub producer Mad Professor.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Track listing
4 References
5 External links
Background[edit]
Mad Professor was contacted by Massive Attack after Protection was released to remix a song for a single. After the single was remixed, the band asked Mad Professor to listen to more of the album to explore the possibility of further remixes. The project then became a track by track remix of almost the entire album. Mad Professor heavily edited the original material to form a slow, pulsating mix in which the beat is emphasized, reverb is extensively used and the occasional vocals (many of the tracks are almost entirely instrumental) fade in-and-out in typical dub fashion.[1]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [2]
Rolling Stone [3]
The Village Voice A−[4]
According to music journalist Robert Christgau, No Protection was the most hyped album during dub music's revival in the mid-1990s. In his review for The Village Voice, he found the music well defined and textured: "It also sustains a convincing gravity—a sense that all these whooshings and clangings and suckings and scrapings and boomings and snatches of tune relate to each other and the rest of the physical universe."[4]
Track listing[edit]
"Radiation Ruling the Nation" (based on "Protection") – 8:35
"Bumper Ball Dub" (based on "Karmacoma") – 5:59
"Trinity Dub" (based on "Three") – 4:22
"Cool Monsoon" (based on "Weather Storm") – 7:10
"Eternal Feedback" (based on "Sly") – 6:26
"Moving Dub" (based on "Better Things") – 5:57
"I Spy" (based on "Spying Glass") – 5:07
"Backward Sucking" (based on "Heat Miser") – 6:17
References[edit]
Jump up ^ spence d. "BACK TO THE LAB with The Mad Professor". NiceUp. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "No Protection: Massive Attack Vs. Mad Professor – Mad Professor, Massive Attack". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Hardy, Ernest (16 May 1996). "Massive Attack: No Protection". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Christgau, Robert (17 December 1996). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
External links[edit]
Mad Professor MySpace page
Massive Attack home page
[hide]
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Daddy G
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No Protection
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"Unfinished Sympathy"
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"Inertia Creeps"
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"Butterfly Caught"
"Live with Me"
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EPs
Splitting the Atom
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Compilations
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Collected
Others
"I Want You" (with Madonna)
Danny the Dog
DJ-Kicks: Daddy G
See also
Discography
Shara Nelson discography
Horace Andy
Angelo Bruschini
The Wild Bunch
Trip hop
This 1990s electronic music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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