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Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court in the United States and the only court specifically established by the Constitution of the United States, implemented in 1789.
This article is concerned with the process and procedures used by the modern court. For general discussion of the court's jurisdiction and composition, see Supreme Court of the United States; for discussion of the court's present and historical accommodations, see United States Supreme Court building; for discussion of the history of the court, see History of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Contents
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1 Terms and sittings
2 The Court's authority to hear cases
2.1 Appellate jurisdiction
2.2 Original jurisdiction
3 Selection of cases
4 Hearing cases
4.1 Filing briefs
4.2 Oral arguments
5 Forming opinions
5.1 The conference: assignment of opinions
5.2 Circulating draft opinions and changing of views
5.2.1 Tied votes and lack of quorum
5.3 Announcement of opinions
6 Reporting and citation of cases
7 See also
8 Footnotes and references
9 External links
Terms and sittings[edit]
A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as "sittings" and "recesses." Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.
The Court's authority to hear cases[edit]
Appellate jurisdiction[edit]
In nearly all of the cases heard by the Supreme Court, the Court exercises the appellate jurisdiction granted it by Article III of the Constitution. This authority permits the Court to review—and affirm or overturn—decisions made by lower courts and tribunals. Procedures for bringing cases before the Supreme Court have changed significantly over time. Today, cases are brought before the Supreme Court by one of several methods, of which the first two account for the overwhelming majority of cases decided:
By petition for a writ of certiorari, filed by a party to a case that has been decided by one of the United States courts of appeals or by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
By petition for writ of certiorari with respect to a decision of one of the territorial or state courts, after all state appeals have been exhausted, where an issue of federal constitutional or statutory law is in question. The writ is usually issued to a state supreme court (including high courts of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa), but is occasionally issued to a state's intermediate appellate court for cases where the state supreme court denied certiorari or review and thereby refused to hear the appeal.
By petition for certiorari before judgment, which permits the Court to expedite a case pending before a United States court of appeals by accepting the case for review before the appellate court has decided it. However, Supreme Court Rule 11 provides that a case may be taken by the Court before judgment in a lower court "only upon a showing that the case is of such imperative public importance as to justify deviation from normal appellate practice and to require immediate determination in this Court."
By appeal from certain decisions of United States district courts in certain cases involving redistricting of congressional or state legislative districts, or when specifically authorized in a particular statute.
By a certified question or proposition of law from one of the United States Courts of Appeals, meaning that the Court of Appeals requests the Supreme Court to instruct it on how to decide the case. This procedure was once common but is now rarely invoked; the last certificate accepted for review was in 1981.
By petition for an "extraordinary writ" such as mandamus, prohibition, or habeas corpus. These writs are rarely granted by the Supreme Court though they are more frequently granted by lower courts.
Original jurisdiction[edit]
Certain cases that have not been considered by a lower court may be heard by the Supreme Court in the first instance under what is termed original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court's authority in this respect is also derived from Article III of the Constitution, which states that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction "in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party." The original jurisdiction of the Court is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1251. This statute provides further that, in the case of disputes between two or more states, the Supreme Court holds both original and exclusive jurisdiction and no lower court may hear such cases.
The number of original jurisdiction cases heard by the court is small; generally only one or two such cases are heard per term. Because the nine-member Supreme Court is not well-suited to conducting pretrial proceedings or trials, original jurisdiction cases accepted by the Court are typically referred to a well-qualified lawyer or lower-court judge to serve as special master, conduct the proceedings, and report recommendations to the Court. The Court then considers whether to accept the special master's report or whether to sustain any exceptions filed to the report.
Although jury trials are in theory possible in the Court's original jurisdiction cases, there has not been one since Georgia v. Brailsford in 1794.[1] In 1950, in the case United States v. Louisiana, the state of Louisiana moved for a jury trial, but the Court denied the motion, ruling that the suit was an equity action and not an action at law, and that therefore the Seventh Amendment guarantee of a jury trial did not apply. If a matter involving an action at law did come before the court, however, a jury would likely be empaneled and would hear the case alongside the justices of the Court.[2]
Selection of cases[edit]
Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 ("The Certiorari Act" in some texts), the majority of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction has been discretionary.[3] Each year, the court receives approximately 9,000–10,000 petitions for certiorari, of which less than 1% (approximately 80–100), are granted plenary review with oral arguments, and an additional 50 to 60 are disposed of without plenary review.[4][5]
The Court strictly enforces its requirements for the preparation and timely filing of certiorari petitions, in order to manage such a massive caseload. This occasionally results in harsh consequences, as Justice Thomas acknowledged in a 2007 opinion: "Just a few months ago, the Clerk, pursuant to this Court’s Rule 13.2, refused to accept a petition for certiorari submitted by Ryan Heath Dickson because it had been filed one day late ... Dickson was executed on April 26, 2007, without any Member of this Court having even seen his petition for certiorari. The rejected certiorari petition was Dickson’s first in this Court, and one can only speculate as to whether denial of that petition would have been a foregone conclusion."[6]
In theory, each Justice's clerks write a brief for the Justice outlining the questions presented, and offering a recommendation as to whether certiorari should be granted; in practice, most Justices (all of the current court, except Justices Alito and Gorsuch) have their clerks participate in the cert pool.[7][8][9]
During the Justices' regular conference, the Justices discuss the petitions, and grant certiorari in less than five percent of the cases filed. (During the 1980s and 1990s, the number of cases accepted and decided each term approached 150 per year; more recently, the number of cases granted has averaged well under 100 annually). Before each conference, the Chief Justice prepares a list of those petitions he believes have sufficient merit to warrant discussion. Any other Justice may also add a case to the "discuss list"; cases not designated for discussion by any Justice are automatically denied review. The Court or a Justice may also decide that a case be "re-listed" for discussion at a later conference; this occurs, for example, where the Court decides to request input from the Solicitor General of the United States on whether a petition should be granted.[10]
The votes of four Justices at Conference (see Rule of four) will suffice to grant certiorari and place the case on the court's calendar. If the Supreme Court grants certiorari (or the certified question or other extraordinary writ), then a briefing schedule is arranged for the parties to submit their briefs in favor of or against a particular form of relief. During this time, an individual or group having an interest in a case but not a party to the case may submit a motion to appear before the court as amicus curiae ("friend of the court"). Except for certain specific categories (such as lawyers for state and local governments) or where all parties to the case consent, it is in the Court's discretion whether such motions are granted.
The grant or denial of certiorari petitions by the Court are usually issued as one-sentence orders without explanation.
Cases that fall within the Court's original jurisdiction are initiated by filing a complaint directly with the Supreme Court, and normally are assigned to a special master appointed by the Court for the taking of evidence and making recommendations, after which the Court may accept briefs and hear oral arguments as in an appellate case.
Hearing cases[edit]
Filing briefs[edit]
Before oral arguments, the parties to a case file legal briefs outlining their arguments. An amicus curiae may also submit a brief in support of a particular outcome in the case if the Court grants it permission. Formal rules govern every aspect of these briefs; Chief Justice William Rehnquist described the rules thus:
The rules direct what information must be included in a brief, describe the size of paper and type of print, and limit the number of pages. Even the colors of the covers of the briefs are specified: the petitioner's brief must have a blue cover and the respondent's must have a red cover. The Court also often receives briefs from amici curiae (friends of the Court) in particular cases, and these must have a green cover. This color-coding comes in very handy when you have a stack of eight or ten briefs in a particular case and can locate the brief you want by its color without having to read the covers of each.[11]
Oral arguments[edit]
Thereafter, if the Court chooses to hold a hearing, each side has thirty minutes to present its case orally. In exceptional and controversial cases, however, the time limit may be extended. In the Court's early years, attorneys might argue a single case for hours or even days; but as the judicial workload increased, the time available for argument has been restricted. The late Chief Justice Rehnquist was noted for his especially strict enforcement of the argument time limits.
To file pleadings or to argue a case, an attorney must be a member of the bar of the Court. (The primary requirement for admission to the Bar is that the attorney must have been admitted to practice in the highest court of a state or territory for at least the past three years.) Justices are allowed to interrupt the attorney speaking in order to ask him or her questions, and particularly since the arrival of Justice Antonin Scalia in 1986, do so often.[12]
The Court began recording Oral Arguments in October 1955.[13] Beginning in October 2010, the Supreme Court began the practice of posting recordings and transcripts of the oral arguments made during the preceding week on Fridays on the Court's website.
In an interview for C-SPAN, former Justice Scalia, speaking for himself, noted that by the time the Justices hear oral arguments, having read the submissions by the parties and amici, it is "very rare, though not unheard of", for the discussion during the oral arguments to change his view of a case in which he has already made up his mind based on the submissions and his research about the case. However, he also made the point that it is "quite common" for him to go into Oral Arguments with his mind not made up yet, as the cases are usually very hard and difficult, and that in those situations a persuasive attorney can make the difference for him.[14]
Forming opinions[edit]
The conference: assignment of opinions[edit]
At the end of a week in which the Court has heard oral arguments, the Justices hold a conference to discuss the cases and vote on any new petitions of certiorari. The Justices discuss the points of law at issue in the cases. No clerks are permitted to be present, which would make it exceedingly difficult for a justice without a firm grasp of the matters at hand to participate.[15] At this conference, each justice—in order from most to least senior—states the basis on which he or she would decide the case, and a preliminary vote is taken.
Former Justice Scalia professed frustration that there is little substantive discussion,[16] while former Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote that this makes the conference more efficient.[17] The votes are tallied, and the responsibility for writing the opinion in the case is assigned to one of the justices; the most senior Justice voting in the majority (but always the Chief Justice if he is in the majority) makes the assignment, and can assign the responsibility to him- or herself.
Circulating draft opinions and changing of views[edit]
The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts.[18] Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at conference. A justice may instead simply join the opinion at that point without comment.
Votes at conference are preliminary; while opinions are being circulated, it is not unheard of for a justice to change sides. A justice may be swayed by the persuasiveness (or lack thereof) of the opinion or dissent, or as a result of reflection and discussion on the points of law at issue.
The evolution of the justices' views during the circulation of draft opinions can change the outcome of the case; an opinion that begins as a majority opinion can become a dissenting opinion, and vice versa. At the conference for Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Justice Kennedy is said to have initially voted with Chief Justice Rehnquist, but then changed his mind, feeling unable to join Rehnquist's draft opinion.[19] While working for the Justice Department, present-day Chief Justice John Roberts—a former Rehnquist law clerk—wrote an analysis of Wallace v. Jaffree[20] in which he indicated his belief (based on the length and structure) that Rehnquist's dissent had started out as an opinion for the court, but lost its majority; similar speculation is often heard of Justice O'Connor's dissent in Kelo v. New London.[21] Justice Kennedy is known within the Court for changing his mind subsequent to the conference, and Justice Thomas is known for having the tendency to lose a majority.[22] Justices may change sides at any time prior to the handing down of the Court's opinion. Generally, the Court's decision is the opinion which a majority (five or more) of justices have joined. In rare instances, the Court will issue a plurality opinion in which four or fewer Justices agree on one opinion, but the others are so fractured that they cannot agree on a position. In this circumstance, in order to determine what the decision is lawyers and judges will analyze the opinions to determine on which points a majority agrees. An example of a case decided by a plurality opinion is Hamdi v. Rumsfeld.
A justice voting with the majority may write a concurring opinion; this is an opinion where the justice agrees with the majority holding itself, but where he or she wishes to express views on the legal elements of the case that are not encompassed in the majority opinion. Justices who do not agree with the decision made by the majority may also submit dissenting opinions, which may give alternative legal viewpoints. Dissenting opinions carry no legal weight or precedent, but they can set the argument for future cases. John Marshall Harlan's dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson set down for the majority opinion later in Brown v. Board of Education.
After granting a writ of certiorari and accepting a case for review, the justices may decide against further review of the case. For example, the Court may feel the case presented during oral arguments did not present the constitutional issues in a clear-cut way, and that adjudication of these issues is better deferred until a suitable case comes before the court. In this event the writ of certiorari is "dismissed as improvidently granted" (DIG)—saying, in effect that the Court should not have accepted the case. As with the granting or denial of cert, this dismissal is customarily made using a simple per curiam decision without explanation.[23]
Customarily, justices who were not seated at the time oral arguments were heard by the Supreme Court do not participate in the formulation of an opinion. Likewise, a justice leaving the Court prior to the handing down of an opinion does not take part in the Court's opinion. Should the composition of the Court materially affect the outcome of a pending case, the justices will likely elect to reschedule the case for rehearing.
Tied votes and lack of quorum[edit]
If not all of the nine justices vote on a case, or the Court has a vacancy, then a tied vote is possible. If this occurs, then the decision of the court below is affirmed, but the case is not considered to be binding precedent. The effect is a return to the status quo ante. No opinions (or voting alignments) are issued in such a case, only the one-sentence announcement that "[t]he judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court." Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp. is an example of such a case. The court tries to avoid such rulings when possible: After the retirement of Justice O'Connor in 2006 three cases would have ended with a tie. All cases were reargued to allow the newly appointed Samuel Alito to cast a decisive vote.
A quorum of justices to hear and decide a case is six. If, through recusals or vacancies, fewer than six justices can participate in a case, and a majority of qualified justices determines that the case cannot be heard in the next term, then the decision of the court below is affirmed as if the Court had been equally divided on the case. An exception exists when this situation arises in one of the now-rare cases brought directly to the Supreme Court on appeal from a United States District Court; in this situation, the case is referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the corresponding circuit for a final decision there by either the Court of Appeals sitting en banc, or a panel consisting of the three most senior active circuit judges.[24]
Announcement of opinions[edit]
Throughout the term, but mostly during the last months of the term—May, June, and, if necessary, July—the Court announces its opinions. The decision of the Court is subsequently published, first as a slip opinion, and subsequently in the United States Reports. In recent years, opinions have been available on the Supreme Court's website and other legal websites on the morning they are announced. Since recording devices have been banned inside the courtroom, the fastest way for decisions of landmark cases to reach the press is through the Running of the Interns.[25]
The opinion of the Court is usually signed by the author; occasionally, the Supreme Court may issue an unsigned opinion per curiam. The practice of issuing a single opinion of the Court was initiated during the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall during the early 19th century. This custom replaced the previous practice under which each Justice, whether in the majority or the minority, issued a separate opinion. The older practice is still followed by appellate courts in many common law jurisdictions outside the United States.
Reporting and citation of cases[edit]
For more specific details on how cases are cited, see case citation.
Supreme Court decisions are typically cited as in the following example: "Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)." The court citation consists of the names of the opposing parties; the volume number; "U.S." (signifying United States Reports, the official reporter of Supreme Court decisions); the page number on which the decision begins; and the year in which the case was decided. The names of the opposing parties are listed in the format "Petitioner v. Respondent" or "Appellant v. Appellee." The Reporter of Decisions is responsible for publication of the Court's rulings. Two other widely used citation formats exist: the Supreme Court Reporter and the Lawyers' Edition, corresponding to two privately published collections of decisions. Citations to cases in the Supreme Court Reporter would be structured as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 64 S. Ct. 397 (1944). Citations to cases in the Lawyers' Edition would be as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 88 L. Ed. 497 (1944). Judicial opinions often use the citation from all three sources (the United States Reports, Supreme Court Reporter, and Lawyers' Edition), as seen here: Martin v. Texas, 200 U.S. 316, 26 S. Ct. 338, 50 L. Ed. 497 (1906). Since the 1930s, prior to publication of the decisions in these reporters, they are available from the United States Law Week (U.S.L.W.). In more recent years, opinions have been available electronically soon after they appeared on commercial sites such as Lexis or Westlaw, on Internet sites such as FindLaw and on the Court's own website.[26]
The Reporter of Decisions is the court official responsible for the publication of the Court's opinions and orders. The current Reporter of Decisions is Christine Luchok Fallon.
Decisions of the Supreme Court are precedents that bind all lower courts, both federal and state. The Supreme Court generally respects its own precedents, but has in some cases overturned them.
See also[edit]
Supreme Court Case Selections Act
Footnotes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Georgia v. Brailsford, Powell & Hopton , 3 U.S. 1 (1794).
Jump up ^ United States v. Louisiana , 399 U.S. 699 (1950).
Jump up ^ Scalia, Antonin. "Originalism: The Lesser Evil". University of Cincinnati Law Review. 57: 849, 850. Archived from the original on February 21, 2006; Rehnquist, William H. (September 27, 2001). Remarks by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist (Speech). Lecture at the Faculty of Law of the University of Guanajuato, Mexico.
Jump up ^ See, e.g., Lazarus, Edward (June 14, 1998). "Closed Chambers". Booknotes (Interview). Interviewed by Brian Lamb. C-SPAN.
Jump up ^ "The Justices' Caseload" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States.
Jump up ^ Bowles v. Russell , 551 U.S. 205 (2007).
Jump up ^ Mauro, Tony (October 21, 2005). "Roberts Dips Toe Into Cert Pool". Law.com. Regarding the picking of cases, see generally, Rehnquist, William H. (2001). The Supreme Court (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf. pp. 224–238. ISBN 9780375409431.
Jump up ^ Liptak, Adam (September 25, 2008). "A Second Justice Opts Out of a Longtime Custom: The 'Cert. Pool'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Liptak, Adam (May 1, 2017). "Gorsuch, in sign of independence, is out of Supreme Court's clerical pool". New York Times. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Thompson, David C.; Wachtell, Melanie F. (2009). "An Empirical Analysis of Supreme Court Certiorari Petition Procedures". George Mason University Law Review. 16 (2): 237, 241. SSRN 1377522  .
Jump up ^ Rehnquist, William H. (September 27, 2001). Remarks by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist (Speech). Lecture at the Faculty of Law of the University of Guanajuato, Mexico; cf. "Part VII. Practice and Procedure. Rule 33. Document Preparation: Booklet Format; 8 1/2- by 11-Inch Paper Format". Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States. Supreme Court of the United States. April 19, 2013 – via Legal Information Institute, Cornell University.
Jump up ^ Talbot, Margaret (March 28, 2005). "Supreme Confidence: The Jurisprudence of Justice Antonin Scalia". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on September 3, 2005 – via New America Foundation. In his early years on the Court, Scalia's exuberant questioning was not well received by his colleagues ... In Scalia's first oral argument he asked so many questions that Powell whispered, 'Do you think he knows that the rest of us are here?' The other Justices have since caught up with Scalia. Now all of them—with the exception of Clarence Thomas—are garrulous Linder, Doug. "Justices Brennan & Scalia Debate Creation-Science". On a bench lined with solemn gray figures who often sat as silently as pigeons on a railing, Scalia stood out like a talking parrot.
Jump up ^ "About the Oyez Project". Oyez Project. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Scalia, Antonin (June 19, 2009). "Justice Antonin Scalia" (PDF) (Interview). Interviewed by Susan Swain. C-SPAN. Retrieved November 6, 2010. [I]t is probably quite rare, although not unheard of, that oral argument will change my mind. But it is quite common that I go in with my mind not made up. I mean a lot of these cases are very close, and you go in on the knife's edge. Persuasive counsel can make the difference. There are things you can do with oral argument that cannot be done in a brief. You can convey the relative importance of your various points.
Jump up ^ Rehnquist, William H. (2001). The Supreme Court (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf. p. 253. ISBN 9780375409431.
Jump up ^ Lazarus, Edward (2005). Closed Chambers. New York: Penguin. p. 285. ISBN 9780143035275. to call our discussion of a case a conference is really something of a misnomer. It's much more a statement of the views of each of the nine justices.
Jump up ^ Rehnquist, William H. (2001). The Supreme Court (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf. pp. 254–58. ISBN 9780375409431.
Jump up ^ Lazarus, Edward (2005). Closed Chambers. New York: Penguin. p. 271. ISBN 9780143035275.
Jump up ^ See, e.g., Zimmerman, Carol (March 18, 2004). "Justice Blackmun's Papers Reveal Near Overturn of Roe". Catholic Herald. Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on April 19, 2004.
Jump up ^ Roberts, memo to Fred F. Fielding, June 4, 1985.
Jump up ^ See, e.g., Claeys, Eric (June 24, 2005). "Did O'Connor Lose the Majority?". SCOTUSblog. Archived from the original on August 22, 2006.
Jump up ^ See Tushnet, Mark V. (2005). A Court Divided: The Rehnquist Court and the Future of Constitutional Law. New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393058680.
Jump up ^ Savage, David G. (January 2002). "Adarand Didn't Add Up: Lawyers Now Wonder Which Affirmative Action Case Court Will Take". ABA Journal. American Bar Association. 88: 26. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ U.S.C. Title 28, Section 1; U.S.C. Title 28, Section 2109.
Jump up ^ Kessler, Robert. "Why Aren't Cameras Allowed at the Supreme Court Again?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Opinions". Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
External links[edit]
Court Rules from the U.S. Supreme Court website
2010 rules from the U.S. Supreme Court website
2013 rules from the U.S. Supreme Court website
2013 rule revisions from the U.S. Supreme Court website (with "clerk comments" that clarify what's changing for 2013 and why)
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Staying Alive (1983 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Staying Alive
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sylvester Stallone
Produced by
Sylvester Stallone
Robert Stigwood
Written by
Sylvester Stallone
Norman Wexler
Starring
John Travolta
Cynthia Rhodes
Finola Hughes
Steve Inwood
Music by
Barry Gibb
Maurice Gibb
Robin Gibb
Cinematography
Nick McLean
Edited by
Peter E. Berger
Mark Warner
Don Zimmerman
Production
company
RSO Records
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
July 11, 1983 (1983-07-11) (Mann's Chinese Theatre premiere[1][2])
July 15, 1983 (1983-07-15) (United States)
Running time
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$22 million[3]
Box office
$64.8 million
Staying Alive is a 1983 American dance film starring John Travolta as dancer Tony Manero, with Cynthia Rhodes, Finola Hughes, Joyce Hyser, Julie Bovasso, and dancers Viktor Manoel and Kevyn Morrow. It is a sequel to 1977's Saturday Night Fever. The film was directed by Sylvester Stallone, who also co-produced and co-wrote the film with the original Saturday Night Fever producer and writer, Robert Stigwood and Norman Wexler, respectively. This is, along with Homefront, one of only two films which Stallone wrote without being the star (although he does have a cameo appearance). The choreography was done by Dennon and Sayhber Rawles.
The title of the film comes from the Bee Gees song of the same name, which was used as the theme song to Saturday Night Fever and is also played during the final scene of Staying Alive. The title also reflects Tony's circumstances at the beginning of the film, in which he is barely surviving as he pursues his dream of making dancing his career.
Unlike Saturday Night Fever, Staying Alive holds a score of 0% on Rotten Tomatoes. Nonetheless, it was a box office success, earning $65 million on a $22 million budget.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Awards and nominations
6 Soundtrack
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Kersti Adams-Ray interviews John Travolta in Sweden about Staying Alive, September 1983
Anthony "Tony" Manero, a former disco king, acts on his brother's advice and his own dreams of dancing professionally. He is now living in a Manhattan flophouse, working as a dance instructor and waiter at a dance club, searching for a big break in the modern dance productions on Broadway. The break from his Brooklyn life, family, and friends seem to have somewhat matured Tony and refined his personality, including his diminished Brooklyn accent, an avoidance of alcohol, and less use of profanity. Other attitudes remain unchanged, such as his disregard for his girlfriend, the forgiving Jackie, who is a dancer and rock singer. Still acting immature, Tony maintains some of his other macho and childish double standards, such as seeing other women but being offended if he sees Jackie with other men.
Tony watches a show, which features Jackie as a dancer in the chorus, but focuses on the lead, a seemingly-wealthy English dancer, Laura. Tony pursues her with seduction in mind, and spends the night with her. He is annoyed when she dismisses him afterward, not understanding that she intended their encounter to be a one-night stand. Laura coldly justifies her treatment of him by saying that "Everybody uses everybody," and implies that Tony used her in order to get a dance role in her upcoming show.
Unable to trust Tony, Jackie breaks up with him. Jackie, Tony, and Laura then all audition for the Broadway production Satan's Alley. Jackie and Tony land small roles, and Laura is cast as the lead female dancer.
Tony begins to realize how callous he has been to Jackie, and walks all the way from Manhattan to his old Bay Ridge neighborhood in Brooklyn in the middle of the night. When he walks past the 2001 Odyssey, he sees that the discotheque, which was his former hangout, is now a gay nightclub, and he realizes how much his life has changed since he left Brooklyn. When Tony goes to visit his mother, and apologizes for his selfishness and the trouble-making ways of his youth, she points out that his selfish behavior as a teen was what helped him escape a dead-end life in Bay Ridge. Tony feels better after this and heads back to Manhattan to repair his relationship with Jackie. His hostility and distance from the arrogant Laura increase as the production progresses.
Tony decides to take a shot at replacing the male lead of Satan's Alley, and requests Jackie to help him practice the number. Laura is disgusted when Tony succeeds and openly displays her resentment at having to partner him in the show. They cannot hide their chemistry on stage despite her animosity, which pleases the show's director.
Satan's Alley sells out, and the cast takes the stage to a standing-room-only crowd. The first act is a success despite Tony's brash disregard for the script when he kisses Laura at the end of their number. Laura furiously retaliates by clawing Tony's face. The director blasts Tony backstage, telling him to take his personal war away from the production. Laura seems to offer a truce when she asks to see him after the show to "clear things up." Tony, now fully aware of her manipulative ways, coldly tells her that he has other commitments, and Laura snidely responds that he lacks star quality.
The second act is a dazzling display of dance and special effects, and Tony suddenly abandons the script near the end of the show. He hurls Laura away and gives way to his frustration in a solo dance. He finishes and holds out his hand to Laura with a command to jump. She halts amid Jackie's and the director's commands, but finally leaps in his arms for a climactic finish to the show. The thrilled audience gives a standing ovation.
Tony celebrates with his jubilant cast mates and reconciles with Jackie. He says that what he really must do is "strut" in celebration. He leaves the theater and struts through Times Square, beaming with his newfound success.
Cast[edit]
John Travolta as Tony Manero
Cynthia Rhodes as Jackie
Finola Hughes as Laura
Steve Inwood as Jesse
Julie Bovasso as Flo Manero
Charles Ward as Butler
Norma Donaldson as Fatima
Jesse Doran as Mark
Joyce Hyser as Linda
Frank Stallone as Carl
Kurtwood Smith as Choreographer
Sylvester Stallone as Man on Street (uncredited)
Some actors from the first movie were also included in the cast, but their performances were cut: Donna Pescow appeared in the audience at Tony's Broadway debut, and Val Bisoglio appeared as Tony's father in a small role.[citation needed] His scene was cut, and the film instead vaguely implies that he has died.
Production[edit]
Saturday Night Fever producer and writer Robert Stigwood and Norman Wexler started planning a sequel soon after the original film came out in 1977, due to the film's success. They came up with the title Staying Alive, and Wexler wrote a script. Travolta was open to the idea of a sequel, but did not like the pessimism of the script, thinking that his character, Tony Manero, needed to see more success as a dancer.[4] Stigwood and executives from Paramount Pictures spent the next several years trying to convince Travolta to film the script as written, but with no success.[4] The project was considered abandoned, but then in 1981 Stigwood met with Travolta to get Travolta's views on how a sequel should go. Travolta stated that he wanted Manero to attempt a dance career on Broadway and end up in a leading role due to his talent.[4] Wexler wrote another script based on Travolta's ideas, in which Manero becomes a Broadway dancer but remains in the chorus. Travolta agreed to participate in the film, though he preferred an ending more like the one he had envisioned: he agreed that Wexler's ending was a more realistic outcome, but felt that it would not be sufficiently exciting for audiences.[4]
It was then time to find a director for Staying Alive, and Travolta, who had just seen the film Rocky III (which Stallone wrote, directed and starred in), told his agent that he wanted a director who could bring the energy and pacing of that film to Staying Alive. To Travolta's surprise, Paramount, with the help of then-studio chief Michael Eisner, was able to bring in Stallone himself.[4] Travolta told Stallone about his idea for a happier ending, and Stallone rewrote the script to more closely match Travolta's vision. Stallone also made the Manero character more mature - given that the character was now six years older than in the original film - and made the film's language tamer than that of the first film, to ensure that it got a PG rating.[4]
Under Stallone's supervision, Travolta spent five months doing rigorous training to develop a dancer's physique for the film, losing twenty pounds in the process.[4]
Reception[edit]
Staying Alive was blasted by film critics. Roger Ebert called the dance productions "laughably gauche", especially the final number, which he mocked for including "fire, ice, smoke, flashing lights and laser beams". Ebert added that what the film most lacked was "the sense of reality in "Saturday Night Fever"... There's no old neighborhood, no vulgar showdowns with his family (he apologizes to his mother for his "attitude"!) and no Brooklyn eccentricity."[5] In 2006, Entertainment Weekly dubbed Staying Alive the "Worst Sequel Ever."[6] Many critics were unanimous in agreeing that the film did not contain the grittiness and realism that Saturday Night Fever possessed. The film holds a score of 0% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 24 reviews and with the consensus being "This sequel to Saturday Night Fever is shockingly embarrassing and unnecessary, trading the original's dramatic depth for a series of uninspired dance sequences."[7]
The film is listed in Golden Raspberry Award founder John Wilson's book The Official Razzie Movie Guide as one of the 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made.[8]
Despite being a critical failure, Staying Alive was a commercial success. The film grossed nearly $65 million in the US box office against its $22 million budget. Worldwide it grossed $127 million. Though the US box office intake was significantly less than the $139.5 million[9] earned by Saturday Night Fever, the film nevertheless ranked in the top ten most financially successful films of 1983.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Golden Globe Awards
Nominated: Original Song ("Far from Over")
Golden Raspberry Awards
Nominated: Worst Actor (John Travolta)
Nominated: Worst New Star (Finola Hughes)
Nominated: Worst Supporting Actress (Finola Hughes)
Grammy Awards
Nominated: Best Album of Original Score Written for A Motion Picture or a Television Special
Soundtrack[edit]
Staying Alive
Soundtrack album by Bee Gees and others
Released
June 1983 (US)
July 1983 (UK)
Recorded
February–March 1983
Middle Ear, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
Genre
Rock, soft rock, funk, R&B, new wave, dance
Label
RSO
Producer
Bee Gees, Albhy Galuten, Karl Richardson
Bee Gees chronology
Living Eyes
(1981) Staying Alive
(1983) E.S.P.
(1987)
The soundtrack was released in 1983 and is mainly performed by the Bee Gees. Five new Bee Gees songs (all of which have lead vocals by Barry Gibb) took up the first side, with side two featuring various artists performing songs mostly written by Frank Stallone, brother of the film's director Sylvester Stallone. The soundtrack reached number 14 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in the United States, number 1 in Switzerland, and number 2 in Italy and Japan, and sold 5 million copies worldwide. The LP was the final soundtrack, and the final songs, by the Bee Gees released under RSO.
Side A
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "The Woman in You" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 4:04
2. "I Love You Too Much" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 4:27
3. "Breakout" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 4:46
4. "Someone Belonging to Someone" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 4:26
5. "Life Goes On" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 4:26
6. "Stayin' Alive (edited version)" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 1:33
Side B
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
7. "Far from Over" (performed by Frank Stallone) Frank Stallone, Vince DiCola 3:56
8. "Look Out for Number One" (performed by Tommy Faragher) Bruce Stephen Foster, Tom Marolda 3:20
9. "Finding Out the Hard Way" (performed by Cynthia Rhodes) Frank Stallone, Roy Freeland 3:33
10. "Moody Girl" (performed by Frank Stallone) Frank Stallone, Vince DiCola, Joe Esposito 4:08
11. "(We Dance) So Close to the Fire" (Tommy Faragher) Randy Bishop, Tommy Faragher 3:45
12. "I'm Never Gonna Give You Up" (performed by Frank Stallone & Cynthia Rhodes) Frank Stallone, Vince DiCola, Joe Esposito 3:30
Outtake
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
13. "River of Souls" (performed by Bee Gees) Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb 6:57
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Staying Alive". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 2018-06-11. ... the 22 Jun 1983 Var announced premiere events in Los Angeles at the Chinese Theatre on 11 Jul 1983, and in New York City at the Ziegfeld Theater on 13 Jul 1983 ...
Jump up ^ Galella, Ron (1983-07-11). Smeal, Jim, ed. John Travolta and Sylvester Stallone during 'Stayin' Alive' Premiere (photography). Seattle: Getty Images. 115412569.
Jump up ^ "PowerGrid Project: Staying Alive". The Wrap. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Farber, Stephan (July 10, 1983). "'Staying Alive' Revives Travolta". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Roger's Ebert's review of Staying Alive
Jump up ^ "The Worst Sequels Ever — Staying Alive Entertainment Weekly issue #867. March 10, 2006 .
Jump up ^ "Staying Alive - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Wilson, John (2005). The Official Razzie Movie Guide: Enjoying the Best of Hollywood's Worst. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-69334-0.
Jump up ^ "Staying Alive". The Numbers.
External links[edit]
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Greenville County, South Carolina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Greenville County, South Carolina
Former Greenville County Courthouse (now a bookstore and office space)

Location in the U.S. state of South Carolina

South Carolina's location in the U.S.
Founded
March 22, 1786
Government
• County Administrator

Joseph M. Kernell
Seat
Greenville
Largest city
Greenville
Area
• Total
795 sq mi (2,059 km2)
• Land
785 sq mi (2,033 km2)
• Water
9.7 sq mi (25 km2), 1.2%
Population (est.)
• (2017)
506,837
• Density
615/sq mi (237/km2)
Congressional districts
3rd, 4th
Time zone
Eastern: UTC−5/−4
Website
www.greenvillecounty.org
Greenville County is a county located in the state of South Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 451,225,[1] making it the most populous county in the state. In 2017, the estimated population of the county was 506,837. Its county seat is Greenville.[2] The county is also home to the Greenville County School District, the largest school system in South Carolina. County government is headquartered at Greenville County Square.
Greenville County is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Contents
1 Geography
1.1 Adjacent counties
2 Demographics
2.1 2016
3 Economy
4 Communities
4.1 Cities
4.2 Census-designated places
4.3 Unincorporated communities
5 Politics
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Geography[edit]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 795 square miles (2,060 km2), of which 785 square miles (2,030 km2) is land and 9.7 square miles (25 km2) (1.2%) is water.[3]
Adjacent counties[edit]
Henderson County, North Carolina - north
Polk County, North Carolina - northeast
Spartanburg County - east
Laurens County - southeast
Abbeville County - south
Anderson County - southwest
Pickens County - west
Transylvania County, North Carolina - northwest
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1790 6,503 —
1800 11,504 76.9%
1810 13,133 14.2%
1820 14,530 10.6%
1830 16,476 13.4%
1840 17,839 8.3%
1850 20,156 13.0%
1860 21,892 8.6%
1870 22,262 1.7%
1880 37,496 68.4%
1890 44,310 18.2%
1900 53,490 20.7%
1910 68,377 27.8%
1920 88,498 29.4%
1930 117,009 32.2%
1940 136,580 16.7%
1950 168,152 23.1%
1960 209,776 24.8%
1970 240,546 14.7%
1980 287,913 19.7%
1990 320,167 11.2%
2000 379,616 18.6%
2010 451,225 18.9%
Est. 2017 506,837 [4] 12.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]
1790-1960[6] 1900-1990[7]
1990-2000[8] 2010-2015[9]
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 451,225 people, 176,531 households, and 119,362 families residing in the county.[10] The population density was 574.7 inhabitants per square mile (221.9/km2). There were 195,462 housing units at an average density of 249.0 per square mile (96.1/km2).[11] The racial makeup of the county was 73.8% white, 18.1% black or African American, 2.0% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 3.9% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.1% of the population.[10] In terms of ancestry, 13.0% were American, 11.6% were German, 10.9% were English, and 10.7% were Irish.[12]
Of the 176,531 households, 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.4% were non-families, and 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.03. The median age was 37.2 years.[10]
The median income for a household in the county was $46,830 and the median income for a family was $59,043. Males had a median income of $45,752 versus $33,429 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,931. About 10.8% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.[13]
Greenville County Racial Breakdown of Population[14] hide
Racial composition
2010
2015
White 73.8% 76.8%
Black 18.1% 18.5%
Asian 2.0% 2.2%
Native American 0.3% 0.5%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander 0.1% 0.1%
Two or more races 1.9% 1.8%
Other 3.8% 0.1%
2016[edit]
As of 2016 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Greenville County, South Carolina are:[15]
hideLargest ancestries (2016)
Percent
English 12.9%
German 11.0%
Irish 10.2%
"American" 9.9%
Scots-Irish 3.1%
Italian 3.1%
Scottish 2.9%
French 2.2%
Polish 1.5%
Dutch 1.2%
Welsh 0.7%
Swedish 0.7%
Norwegian 0.6%
Economy[edit]
CommunityWorks Federal Credit Union was chartered in 2014 to serve the residents of Greenville County. It is sponsored by CommunityWorks, Inc., a non-profit community development financial institution, and receives assistance from the United Way of Greenville County and the Hollingsworth Fund.[16]
Communities[edit]
The 2010 Census lists six cities and 16 census designated places that are fully or partially within Greenville County.[17]
Cities[edit]
Fountain Inn (partly in Laurens County)
Greenville
Greer (partly in Spartanburg County)
Mauldin
Simpsonville
Travelers Rest
Census-designated places[edit]
Berea
City View
Dunean
Five Forks
Gantt
Golden Grove
Judson
Parker
Piedmont (partly in Anderson County)
Sans Souci
Marietta
Taylors
Tigerville
Wade Hampton
Ware Place
Welcome
Unincorporated communities[edit]
Cleveland
Conestee
Politics[edit]
Presidential Elections Results[18]
Year
Republican
Democratic
Third Parties
2016 59.4% 127,832 34.6% 74,483 6.0% 12,850
2012 63.0% 121,685 35.2% 68,070 1.8% 3,434
2008 61.0% 116,363 37.2% 70,886 1.8% 3,408
2004 66.0% 111,481 32.8% 55,347 1.2% 2,005
2000 66.1% 92,714 31.2% 43,810 2.7% 3,769
1996 59.1% 71,210 34.6% 41,605 6.3% 7,605
1992 57.1% 65,066 30.4% 34,651 12.5% 14,190
1988 70.8% 67,371 28.6% 27,188 0.6% 567
1984 73.1% 66,766 26.4% 24,137 0.5% 466
1980 57.4% 46,168 40.0% 32,135 2.6% 2,112
1976 51.5% 39,099 47.3% 35,943 1.2% 939
1972 79.6% 46,360 17.4% 10,143 3.0% 1,726
1968 52.9% 31,652 21.6% 12,928 25.5% 15,241
1964 63.0% 29,358 37.0% 17,275
1960 61.9% 22,657 38.2% 13,976
1956 39.5% 10,752 43.5% 11,819 17.0% 4,622
1952 54.4% 17,743 45.6% 14,863
1948 8.3% 789 29.0% 2,745 62.7% 5,940
1944 8.8% 711 87.8% 7,107 3.4% 276
1940 6.0% 514 94.1% 8,118
1936 1.1% 92 98.9% 8,310
1932 1.6% 126 98.4% 7,930 0.0% 2
1928 11.7% 546 88.3% 4,116 0.0% 2
1924 1.5% 59 97.4% 3,728 1.1% 42
1920 3.2% 144 96.8% 4,409
1916 2.3% 81 96.7% 3,384 1.0% 36
1912 0.0% 0 98.3% 3,140 1.7% 55
1904 2.6% 66 97.4% 2,489
1900 2.6% 47 97.4% 1,777
See also[edit]
National Register of Historic Places listings in Greenville County, South Carolina
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
Jump up ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Greenville County, South Carolina". US Census. US Census. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Jump up ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Jump up ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Greenville County, South Carolina". Census Bureau. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0500000US45045
Jump up ^ Birch, Ray (April 3, 2014). "CommunityWorks FCU Is First New CU Charter Of The Year". Credit Union Journal. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
Jump up ^ See http://factfinder2.census.gov Archived 2013-09-11 at the Wayback Machine. for population numbers and for municipality and CDP lists in the 2010 Census.
Jump up ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greenville County, South Carolina.
Greenville Area Development Corporation (GADC)
Geographic data related to Greenville County, South Carolina at OpenStreetMap
Greenville County History and Images
show
Places adjacent to Greenville County, South Carolina
Transylvania County, North Carolina Henderson County, North Carolina Polk County, North Carolina
Pickens County
Greenville County, South Carolina
Spartanburg County
Anderson County Abbeville County Laurens County
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Greenville, South Carolina
Attractions
Greenville County Museum of Art
Greenville Zoo
Roper Mountain Science Center
Greenville Symphony Orchestra
Peace Center
BJU Museum and Gallery
Furman University Asian Garden
Bon Secours Wellness Arena
Upcountry History Museum
Education
Bob Jones University
Furman University
Greenville Technical College
Greenville County School District
North Greenville University
Media
Television
WYFF
Print
The Greenville News
Radio
List of Greenville radio stations
WBWT-LP
WPJF
WYRD-FM
WYRD (AM)
WGTK-FM
WEPR
WHNS
WGGS-TV
WNGR-LP
WLFJ-FM
Landmarks
Falls Park
Swamp Rabbit Trail
Cleveland Park
County Courthouse
Hampton-Pinckney Historic District
McPherson Park
Isaqueena
Paris Mountain State Park
McDaniel Park
Springwood Cemetery
Lake Conestee Nature Park
Shopping
Magnolia Park Town Center
Haywood Mall
Stradley and Barr Dry Goods Store
West End Commercial Historic District
Airports
Greenville Spartanburg International Airport
Donaldson Air Force Base
Downtown Airport
Donaldson Center Airport
Greenville County
Upstate
South Carolina
United States
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Municipalities and communities of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States
County seat: Greenville
Cities
Fountain Inn‡
Greenville
Greer‡
Mauldin
Simpsonville
Travelers Rest
CDPs
Berea
City View
Dunean
Five Forks
Gantt
Golden Grove
Judson
Parker
Piedmont‡
Sans Souci
Slater-Marietta
Taylors
Tigerville
Wade Hampton
Ware Place
Welcome
Unincorporated
communities
Cleveland
Conestee
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
show
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State of South Carolina
Columbia (capital)
Regions
Atlantic Coastal Plain
Blue Ridge Mountains
Grand Strand
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Counties
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Coordinates: 34°53′N 82°22′W / 34.89°N 82.37°W / 34.89; -82.37
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greenville_County,_South_Carolina&oldid=854600252"
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values: Condado de Greenville (Carolina do Sul) – Portuguese

values: Comitatul Greenville, Carolina de Sud – Romanian

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values: Гринвилл (округ, Южная Каролина) – Russian

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values: Greenville County, South Carolina – Simple English

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values: Округ Гринвил (Јужна Каролина) – Serbian

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values: Greenville County, South Carolina – Serbo-Croatian

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values: Грінвілл (округ, Південна Кароліна) – Ukrainian

values: گرینویل کاؤنٹی، جنوبی کیرولائنا – Urdu

values: Quận Greenville, Nam Carolina – Vietnamese

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values: Condado han Greenville, South Carolina – Waray

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values: 格林維爾縣 (南卡羅萊納州) – Chinese

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