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History of Kochi
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Timeline of Kochi
Year Event
1102 The kingdom of Kulasekhara breaks up, and the Cochin State is formed.
1341 The port at Kodungallur is destroyed in a massive flooding in the Periyar. The prominece of Kochi as a trading post increases.
1440 Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti visits Kochi
1500 Portuguese Admiral Pedro Álvares Cabral, lands at Kochi.
1503 Kingdom of Kochi is taken over by the Portuguese.
1530 Saint Francis Xavier arrives and introduces a Christian mission.
1663 Portuguese rule overthown by the Dutch.
1664 Dutch establish municipality of Fort Kochi, the first municipality in Indian subcontinent
1773 Mysore King, Hyder Ali's conquest descends on Kochi.
1814 Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 officially passes the city to the United Kingdom
1947 India gains independence, Kochi joins the Indian Union.
1956 The State of Kerala is formed.
1967 Kochi Corporation comes into existence.
Kochi is a small city located in the Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. Trivandrum which is the capital and largest city of Kerala is 200km away from Kochi.
For many centuries up to and during the British Raj, the city of Kochi was the seat of the eponymous princely state. Kochi traces its history back many centuries, when it was the centre of Indian spice trade for hundreds of years, and was known to the Yavanas (Greeks and Romans), Jews, Arabs and Chinese since ancient times.[1] Kochi earned a significant position on the world trading map after the port at Kodungallur (Cranganore) was destroyed by massive flooding of the river Periyar in 1341.[2]
The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in the books written by Chinese voyager Ma Huan, during his visit to Kochi in the 15th century as part of the treasure fleet of Admiral Zheng He.[3] There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Cochin in 1440.[4] Today, Kochi is the commercial hub of Kerala,[5] and one of the fastest growing second-tier metropolises in India.[6]
Contents
1 Prehistory
2 Princely rule
2.1 Rulers of Kochi
3 Foreign rule
3.1 Portuguese period (1503–1663)
3.2 Dutch period (1663–1773)
3.3 Mysorean invasion
3.4 British Period (1814–1947)
4 Post Independence era
5 See also
6 Notes
Prehistory[edit]
Not much is known about the prehistory of Kochi. There has been no clear evidence of Stone Age habitation. Kochi forms the central part of the Megalithic belt of Kerala. The only trace of prehistoric life in the region is the menhir found in Tripunithura.
Princely rule[edit]
Main article: Kingdom of Kochi
The King of Cochin and small Malabar boats
The history of Kochi prior to the Portuguese is not well documented. Though places north and south of Kochi are mentioned in quite detail in accounts by ancient travellers, even a mention of Kochi is absent prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Kochi's prominence as a trading port grew after the collapse of the port at Kodungallur in 1341 AD.
The Cochin State came into existence in 1102 AD after the breaking up of the Kulasekhara empire.[7]
Rulers of Kochi[edit]
Unni Ramman Koyil - 11 (1503–1537)
Veera Kerala Varma (1537 – 65)
Keshava Ramavarma (1565–1601)
Veerakerala Varma (1601 – 15)
Ravivarma (1615 – 24)
Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637 )
Godhavarma (1637 – 45 )
Veera Rayira Varma (1645 – 46 )
Veerakerala Varma (1645 – 50 )
Ramavarma ( 1650 – 56 )
Rani Gangadhara Lakshmi ( 1656 – 58 )
Ramavarma ( 1658 – 62 )
Godhavarma ( 1662 – 63 )
Veera Kerala Varma(1663–1687)
Rama Varma (1687–1693)
Ravi Varma (1693–1697)
Rama Varma (1697–1701)
Rama Varma (1701–1721)
Ravi Varma (1721–1731)
Rama Varma (1731–1746)
Veera Kerala Varma (1746–1749)
Rama Varma (1749–1760)
Veera Kerala Varma (1760–1775)
Rama Varma (1775–1790)
Rama Varma XV at the Delhi Durbar of 1903.
Rama Varma(SHAKTAN THAMPURAN(1790–1805),(THE POWERFUL RULER OF COCHIN KINGDOM)
Rama Varma (1805–1809)- Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
Veera Kerala Varma (1809–1828) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month(ME))
Rama Varma (1828–1837) - Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
Rama Varma (1837–1844) - Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
Rama Varma (1844–1851) - Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
Veera Kerala Varma (1851–1853) - Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
Ravi Varma(1853–1864) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
Rama Varma(1864–1888) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
Kerala Varma(1888–1895) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
Rama Varma(1895–1914) - aka Rajarshi, Abdicated Highness (died in 1932)
Rama Varma(1914–1932) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
Rama Varma(1932–1941) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
Kerala Varma (1941–1943) - Midukkan Thampuran
Ravi Varma(1943–1946) - Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
Kerala Varma(1946–1948) - Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
Foreign rule[edit]
Kochi was under the rule of many foreign powers, during which the Raja of Kochi still remained the titular head.
Portuguese period (1503–1663)[edit]
Mattancherry Palace-temple, which was built during the Portuguese period by the Cochin Raja Veera Kerala Varma
Kochi was the scene of the first European settlement in India. In the year 1500, the Portuguese Admiral Pedro Álvares Cabral, landed at Cochin after being repelled from Calicut. The king of the rival of Kochi welcomed his guests and a treaty of friendship was signed. Promising his support in the conquest of Calicut, the admiral coaxed the king into allowing them to build a factory at Cochin. Assured by the support, the king called war with the Zamorins of Calicut. However, the admiral retreated in panic on seeing the powers of the Zamorin. The Zamorins, on the other hand, eager to win the favor of the Portuguese, left without a war.
Another captain, João da Nova, was sent in place of Cabral. However, he too faltered at the sight of the Zamorin. The consecutive retreats made the King of Portugal indignant. The king sent Vasco Da Gama, who bombed Calicut and destroyed the Arab trading posts. This invited the anger of the Zamorin, who declared a war against the Kochi Raja.
The Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica in Kochi, which was built by the Portuguese
The war between Calicut and Cochin began on 1 March 1503 and the second invasion lasted from March 16, 1504, to July 3, 1504 (Battle of Cochin (1504)). However, the oncoming monsoons and the arrival of a Portuguese fleet under Lopo Soares de Albergaria in September, 1504 (and a year later, the armada led by Francisco de Almeida and Afonso de Albuquerque), alarmed the Zamorin, and he recalled his army. The Zamorin resorted to a retreat also because the revered festival of Onam was near, and the Zamorin intended to keep the auspicious day holy. This led to a triumph for the king of Kochi, who was later reestablished in the possession of his kingdom. However, much of the kingdom was burnt and destroyed by the his armies. The tiny garrison, led by Duarte Pacheco Pereira, had achieved a rare military feat in history, successively repelling an invading army several hundred times bigger. It proved a humiliating defeat and a moral blow for the Zamorin of Calicut and undermined his authority in the Malabar region.
After securing the king in his throne, the Portuguese got permission to build a fort –- Fort Kochi (Fort Emmanuel) (after the reigning king of Portugal) -- surrounding the Portuguese factory, in order to protect it from any further attacks. The entire work was commissioned by the Cochin Raja, who supplied workers and material. The Raja continued to rule with the help of the Portuguese. Meanwhile, the Portuguese secretly tried to enter into an alliance with the Zamorins. Later attempts by the Zamorin at conquering the Kochi port was thwarted by the Cochin Raja with the help of the Portuguese. Slowly, the Portuguese armory at Kochi was increased, with the presumed notion of helping the raja protect Kochi. However, the measure led to decrease in the power of the Cochin Raja, and an increase in the Portuguese influence.
From 1503 to 1663, Kochi was ruled by Portugal through the namesake Cochin Raja. Kochi remained the capital of Portuguese India till 1510. In 1530, Saint Francis Xavier arrived and founded a Christian mission. The following Portuguese period was difficult for the Jews living in the region, since the Inquisition was established in Portuguese India in 1560. Kochi hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese viceroy, who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were exhumed and interred in Portugal in 1539.[8] Soon after the time of Albuquerque, the Portuguese rule in Kerala declined. The failure is attributed to intermarriages, forcible conversions, religious persecution, etc.
Dutch period (1663–1773)[edit]
In 1663, the Dutch conquered the city of Cochin from the Portuguese. (Coenraet Decker, 1682)
The Bolgatty Palace, built in 1744, by Dutch traders, is one of the oldest existing Dutch-era palaces outside of the Netherlands.
The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch, who had by then conquered Quilon, after various encounters with the Portuguese and their allies. Discontented members of the Cochin Royal family called on the assistance of the Dutch for help in overthrowing the Cochin Raja. The Dutch successfully landed at Njarakal and headed on to capture the fort at Pallippuram, which they handed over to the Zamorin. Then they went on to establishing the municipality of Fort Kochi in 1664, the first municipality in Indian subcontinent
Mysorean invasion[edit]
Main article: Mysore invasion of Kerala
The 1773 conquest of the Mysore King Hyder Ali in the Malabar region descended to Kochi. The Kochi Raja had to pay a subsidy of one hundred thousand of Ikkeri Pagodas (equalling 400,000 modern rupees). Later on, in 1776, Haider captured Trichur, which was under the Kingdom of Kochi. Thus, the Raja was forced to become a tributary of Mysore and to pay a nuzzar of 100,000 of pagodas and 4 elephants and annual tribute of 30,000 pagodas. The hereditary prime ministership of Cochin came to an end during this period.
British Period (1814–1947)[edit]
Cochin in Colonial times
Cochin in 1960s
Cochin in Colonial times
In 1814 according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, the islands of Kochi, including Fort Kochi and its territory were ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Malaya. Even prior to the signing of the treaty, there are evidence of English residents in Kochi.[9]
Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was greatly felt. Harbour Engineer Robert Bristow, was thus brought to Cochin in 1920 under the direction of Lord Willingdon, then the Governor of Madras. In a span of 21 years, he had transformed Cochin as the safest harbour in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes.[10] Meanwhile, in 1866, Fort Cochin municipality reesablished, and its first Municipal Council election to a board of 18 members was conducted in 1883. The Maharajah of Cochin, in 1896 initiated local administration, by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam. In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. The assembly consisted of 45 members, 10 of who were officially nominated. Thottakkattu Madhaviamma became the first woman to be a member of any legislature in India.[11]
Post Independence era[edit]
Cochin Harbour in 1960s
In 1947, India gained independence from the British colonial rule. Cochin was the first princely state to join the Indian Union willingly.[11] Post independence, E. Ikkanda Warrier became the first Prime Minister of Kochi. K. P. Madhavan Nair, P.T Jacob, C. Achutha Menon, Panampilly Govinda Menon were few of the other stalwarts who were in the forefront of the democratic movements. Then in 1949, Travancore-Cochin state came into being by the merger of Cochin and Travancore, with Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai as the first chief minister. Travancore-Cochin, was in turn merged with the Malabar district of the Madras State. Finally, the Government of India's 1 November 1956 States Reorganisation Act inaugurated a new state – Kerala – incorporating Travancore-Cochin, Malabar District, and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara.[12] On 9 July 1960, the Mattancherry council passed a resolution that was forwarded to the government, requesting the formation of a Municipal Corporation by combining the existing municipalities of Fort Kochi, Mattancherry and Ernakulam. The proposal was condemned by the Fort Kochi municipality. However, the Ernakulam municipality welcomed the proposal, suggesting the inclusion of more suburban areas in the amalgamated Corporation. Major Balagangadhara Menon, the then Director of Local Bodies was appointed by the government to study the feasibility of the suggested merger. And based on the report submitted by him, the Kerala Legislative Assembly approved the formation of the Corporation. Thus, on 1 November 1967, exactly 11 years since the conception of the state of Kerala, the corporation of Cochin came into existence, by the merger of the municipalities of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and Fort Kochi, along with that of the Willingdon Island and four panchayats viz. Palluruthy, Vennala, Vyttila and Edappally and the small islands of Gundu and Ramanthuruth.
See also[edit]
hide
v
t
e
Histories of Kerala cities
Calicut
Cannanore
Cochin
Kasargode
Malappuram
Quilon
Trichur
Trivandrum
show
v
t
e
Kochi
Landmarks
Marine Drive
Mattancherry Palace
Hill Palace
Durbar Hall Ground
Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam
Tourist attractions
Neighbourhoods
Edappally
Ernakulam
Fort Kochi
Gandhi Nagar
Kaloor
Marine Drive
Mattancherry
Palarivattom
Panampilly Nagar
Kakkanad
Kadavanthra
Tripunithura
Vyttila
Willingdon Island
History
Kingdom of Cochin
Thoma of Villarvattom
History of Kerala
Travancore-Cochin
Transport
Cochin International Airport
Cochin Harbour Terminus
Edappally railway station
Ernakulam Junction railway station
Ernakulam Terminus railway station
Ernakulam Town railway station
Cochin Port
Cochin Shipyard
Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation
Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
Kerala State Water Transport Department
Kochi Metro
Vyttila Mobility Hub
Government
Kochi Municipal Corporation
Kerala High Court
Organizations
Cochin Stock Exchange
Consumerfed
Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore
Greater Cochin Development Authority
International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi
Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation
Kochi Refineries
Malls
Oberon Mall
LuLu International Shopping Mall
Gold Souk Grandé
Abad Nucleus Mall
Forum Thomsun Mall
Q1 Mall
Culture
Cochin Jews
Saint Thomas Christians
Cuisine of Kerala
Culture of Kerala
Kalabhavan
Malayalam
Onam
Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly
Vishu
Places of worship
Chottanikkara Temple
Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple
Ernakulam Shiva Temple
Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
Paradesi Synagogue
St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam
St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally
St. Francis Church
Vallarpadam Church
Health care
Amala Institute of Medical Sciences
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
Aster Medcity
Gautham Hospital
General Hospital
Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital
Lakeshore Hospital
Lisie Hospital
Lisie Heart Institute
Lourdes Heart institute
Lourdes Hospital (Kerala)
Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital
Medical Trust Hospital
Saraf Hospital
Sunrise Hospital Kochi
Renai medicity
Rajagiri Hospital
Schools
Assissi Vidyaniketan
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Chinmaya Vidyalaya
Choice School
Cochin Refineries School
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Navy Children School
Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara
SRV High School
St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School
Toc-H Public School
The Delta Study
Vidyodaya School
Universities
Cochin University of Science and Technology
National University of Advanced Legal Studies
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit
Model Engineering College
Government Law College, Ernakulam
School of Communication and Management Studies
Albertian Institute of Management
Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology
Federal Institute of Science and Technology
Sacred Heart College, Thevara
SCMS School of Engineering and Technology
St. Teresa's College
Maharaja's College, Ernakulam
MES College Marampally, Aluva
Government Medical College, Ernakulam
Bharata Mata College
St. Albert's College
Roads
Mahatma Gandhi Road
Chittoor Road
Banerji Road
Shanmugham Road
Park Avenue
S.A Road
Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road
Kochi Bypass
Seaport-Airport Road
Sports
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Regional Sports Centre
Maharaja's College Stadium
FACT Stadium
Kerala Blasters FC
Kochi Tuskers Kerala
Press
Malayala Manorama
Mathrubhumi
Madhyamam Daily
Deshabhimani
Sathyadeepam
Television channels
Surya TV
Flowers
Jeevan TV
Reporter TV
Kochu TV
Indiavision
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "History of Ernakulam". Ernakulam Portal. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Emergence of Kochi harbour". History of Kochi. Centre For Heritage Studies, India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Ma Huan: Ying Yai Sheng Lan – translated by J.V.G. Mills (1970). The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores. Hakluyt Society, White Lotus Press. ISBN 974-8496-78-3. templatestyles stripmarker in |publisher= at position 41 (help)
Jump up ^ "Accounts of Nicolo de' Conti (ca.1395-1469)". Niccolo di Conti. win.tue.nl. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "The Economy of Kochi— Trade & Industry in Kochi". Kochi Corporation. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Rakee Mohan (8 April 2006). "Developing metro and quaint environs". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Prehistory and Archaeology of Cochin". Corporation of Cochin. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Death of Vasco Da Gama in Kochi". MSN Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon. P(1914)
Jump up ^ "The Cochin Saga". Robert Charles Bristow employed to develop Kochi port. Corporation of Kochi. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "History and culture of Kochi". Corporation of Kochi. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Plunkett, R, Cannon, T, Davis, P, Greenway, P & Harding (2001). Lonely Planet South India, Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-86450-161-8. templatestyles stripmarker in |publisher= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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text:
Juliet Sharp
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Juliet Sharp
Gossip Girl character
Katie Cassidy as Juliet Sharp
First appearance
"Belles de Jour"
(episode 4.01)
Last appearance
"New York, I Love You XOXO"
(episode 6.10)
Created by
Stephanie Savage
Portrayed by
Katie Cassidy
Information
Nickname(s)
Jules
Occupation
Socialite
College student
Charity volunteer
Family
Cynthia Sharp
(mother)
Ben Donovan
(older half-brother)
Colin Forrester
(cousin)
Juliet Sharp is a recurring character who exclusively appeared in the Gossip Girl television adaptation. The character was created by Gossip Girl producer Stephanie Savage and is portrayed by actress Katie Cassidy. The series portrays her as a scheming and secretive but caring woman who develops into a formidable antagonist as her agenda against Serena van der Woodsen progressed. The actions of character has drawn comparisons to another villain of Gossip Girl, Georgina Sparks, and received positive reviews for her inclusion in the series. Juliet only appears during the first half of the fourth season, though she returns in the series finale.
Contents
[hide]
1 Television series
1.1 Casting
1.2 Season 4
1.3 Season 6
2 Reception
3 References
Television series[edit]
Casting[edit]
Prior to the premiere of the fourth season, former Melrose Place star Katie Cassidy joined the cast as Juliet, a student at Columbia University and a potential love interest for Nate, with an agenda against Serena.[1]
Season 4[edit]
Juliet has displayed moments of hesitation especially with regards to her relationship with Nate as she develops a soft spot for him when she discovers his being different from most Upper East Siders.[2]
When Nate suspects her lying about her residence, he recruits Vanessa and discovers that Juliet is poor and has set up a facade of being a wealthy Upper East Sider, living in a rather small apartment outside of the Upper East Side.[3]
Season 6[edit]
On October 12, 2012, it was reported that Cassidy would reprise her role as Juliet in the Gossip Girl series finale.[4] Her brief cameo featured her, once suspected of being Gossip Girl herself, reacting with astonishment to the revelation of Gossip Girl's true identity.
Reception[edit]
"I didn't actually read that into it until I actually saw it on TV and how they set it up. I can see why people would think that."
—Katie Cassidy on fans thinking she was Gossip Girl.[5]
During the fourth season premiere, The A.V. Club' Erik Adams praised the casting of Cassidy and the character of Juliet having "the most intriguing hand to reveal in coming episodes. Introduced as the cultured, compassionate antidote to the bimbos performing a commercial for Rock Band 3 [...] the character leaves 'Belles du Jour' by flashing a cork-board diagram of the main cast's social circle that would leave The Wire's Lester Freamon thoughtfully nodding his head."[6] Steve Marsi of TV Fanatic commended her addition to the cast, stating, "There's chemistry between them, but is it all part of some devious plan to ruin Nate ... or Serena? The final shot of Juliet's bulletin board was awesome. We thought for a split second that she just might be Gossip Girl herself. While that might be a stretch, Juliet is clearly plotting something elaborate and we're hooked on her."[7] An interview with the New York Post dispelled rumors when Cassidy jokingly stated that she was not portraying Gossip Girl but understood how the episode had been set up to make fans assume.[5]
Judy Berman of the Los Angeles Times labeled her as "the season's most mysterious schemer" and commended how "her true goal remains the biggest mystery of the season so far."[8] With the airing of the mid-season finale, "The Townie", Berman declared her role in Serena's storyline as "the best of the season".[9]
Following the airing of the Thanksgiving episode, "Gaslit", Steve Marsi of TV Fanatic named her "one of the best villains in Gossip Girl history".[10] Her actions in the episode have earned her notoriety that New York magazine's Vulture set a poll on whether Georgina or Juliet was the more devious character, stating, "Never before has anyone on Gossip Girl challenged Georgina for sheer evilness, but in last night's episode, Juliet stepped up."[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 26, 2010). "Exclusive: 'Gossip Girl' snags 'Melrose' minx Katie Cassidy". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Berman, Judy (October 11, 2010). "'Gossip Girl' recap: 'The greatest aphrodisiac'". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Berman, Judy (November 8, 2010). "'Gossip Girl' recap: Insiders vs. outsiders". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (October 12, 2012). "'Gossip Girl' scoop: Katie Cassidy returning for the finale!". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Wieselman, Jarett (September 27, 2010). "Katie Cassidy: I'm not Gossip Girl". New York Post. News Corporation. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Adams, Erik (September 14, 2010). ""Belles de Jour"". The A.V. Club. Onion, Inc. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Marsi, Steve (September 14, 2010). "Gossip Girl Season Premiere Review: "Belles Du Jour"". TV Fanatic. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Berman, Judy (September 28, 2010). "'Gossip Girl' recap: The great frenemy fake-out". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Berman, Judy (December 7, 2010). "'Gossip Girl' recap: Every Lily has its thorn". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Marsi, Steve (November 30, 2010). "Gossip Girl Review: Ostroff the Wagon". TV Fanatic. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Who's More Devious on Gossip Girl: Juliet or Georgina?". Vulture. November 30, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
[hide]
v
t
e
Gossip Girl
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Wild Brunch"
"Victor, Victrola"
"Hi, Society"
"The Thin Line Between Chuck and Nate"
"Desperately Seeking Serena"
"All About My Brother"
"Much 'I Do' About Nothing"
Season 2
"Summer, Kind of Wonderful"
"Never Been Marcused"
"The Dark Night"
"The Ex Files"
"The Serena Also Rises"
"Seder Anything"
"Valley Girls"
"The Goodbye Gossip Girl"
Season 3
"Reversals of Fortune"
"The Freshman"
"The Lost Boy"
"Enough About Eve"
"They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They?"
"The Last Days of Disco Stick"
"The Debarted"
"The Hurt Locket"
"Last Tango, Then Paris"
Season 4
"Belles de Jour"
"Double Identity"
"The Undergraduates"
"Touch of Eva"
"Easy J"
"Gaslit"
"The Townie"
"Petty in Pink"
"The Princesses and the Frog"
"The Wrong Goodbye"
Season 5
"Yes, Then Zero"
"All the Pretty Sources"
"Rhodes to Perdition"
"Riding in Town Cars with Boys"
"The End of the Affair?"
"Father and the Bride"
"G.G."
"The Backup Dan"
Season 6
"Gone Maybe Gone"
"New York, I Love You XOXO"
Characters
Serena van der Woodsen
Blair Waldorf
Dan Humphrey
Nate Archibald
Jenny Humphrey
Chuck Bass
Vanessa Abrams
Eric van der Woodsen
Lily van der Woodsen
Rufus Humphrey
Georgina Sparks
Juliet Sharp
Ivy Dickens
Lola Rhodes
Related
Gossip Girl novel series
The It Girl novel series
OMFGG – Original Music Featured on Gossip Girl No. 1
Gossip Girl: Acapulco
episodes
Gossip Girl: Thailand
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juliet_Sharp&oldid=789542390"
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