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New Girl
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For other uses, see New Girl (disambiguation).
New Girl
Title card from seasons 5 to 7
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Elizabeth Meriwether
Starring
Zooey Deschanel
Jake Johnson
Max Greenfield
Damon Wayans Jr.
Hannah Simone
Lamorne Morris
Danielle Rockoff
Rhiannon Rockoff
Theme music composer
Michael Andrews
Zooey Deschanel
Elizabeth Meriwether
Dave Finkel
Brett Baer
Opening theme
"Hey Girl" by Zooey Deschanel (seasons 1–4)
"Hey Girl" (instrumental) (season 4–7)
Composer(s)
Ludwig Göransson
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
7
No. of episodes
146 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Elizabeth Meriwether
Jake Kasdan
Peter Chernin
Katherine Pope
Dave Finkel
Brett Baer
Producer(s)
Zooey Deschanel
Erin O'Malley
Pavun Shetty
Luvh Rakhe
Dana Fox
David Iserson
Ryan Koh
Megan Mascena Gaspar
Rachel Axler
Alex Cuthbertson
Matt Fusfeld
Kim Rosenstock
Bari Halle (pilot)
Josh Malmuth
Camera setup
Film; Single-camera
Running time
21–24 minutes
Production company(s)
Elizabeth Meriwether Pictures
American Nitwits
Chernin Entertainment
20th Century Fox Television
Distributor
20th Television
Release
Original network
Fox
Picture format
720p (16:9 HDTV)
1080i (syndication)
Original release
September 20, 2011 (2011-09-20) – May 15, 2018 (2018-05-15)
External links
Website
New Girl is an American sitcom television series that premiered on Fox on September 20, 2011. Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title Chicks & Dicks, the series revolves around a kooky teacher, Jess (Zooey Deschanel), after she moves into a Los Angeles loft with three men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris); Jess' best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) is also part of the series. The show combines comedy and drama elements as the characters, who are in their early thirties, deal with maturing relationships and career choices.
Produced in Los Angeles as a single-camera comedy, New Girl is an ensemble show aimed at a general audience. Most episodes are anchored around Jess, who according to series creator, Meriwether, would have played a side character on other shows. The show's first marketing push was on Zooey Deschanel and the promotional tagline "Simply Adorkable", a portmanteau of "adorable" and "dork". The producers rejected early criticism of Jess's girlishness, insisting that Jess was not meant to be emblematic of all women. Instead, they aim to portray realistic, emotionally driven characters, and to approach the show from that angle rather than simply firing off punchlines.
New Girl has received favorable responses from critics and was named one of the best new comedies of the 2011 fall season. The pilot episode drew 10.28 million U.S. viewers and a 4.8 adults 18–49 demo rating, making it the highest-rated fall debut for a Fox scripted show since 2001. Particular praise has been given to the performances of Deschanel, Greenfield, Johnson and Morris. Max Greenfield was considered the show's breakout star in season 1, before critics named Jake Johnson the breakout star of season 2. The show has been nominated for several awards, including five Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards.
On May 14, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a seventh and final season consisting of eight episodes, which premiered on April 10, 2018.[1][2][3] The series finale was aired on May 15, 2018.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
3 Production
3.1 Conception
3.2 Casting
3.3 Writing
3.4 Filming and editing
3.5 True American
3.6 Relationships
4 Release
4.1 Broadcast and ratings
4.2 Syndication
4.3 DVD releases
4.4 Tie-ins
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reception
5.2 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Main article: List of New Girl episodes
Jessica "Jess" Day (Zooey Deschanel) is a bubbly teacher in her early 30s who comes home to find her boyfriend, Spencer, with another woman and leaves him immediately to look for somewhere else to live. Answering an ad for a new roommate on Craigslist, she moves into a loft in Los Angeles with three men around the same age as her: Nick, Schmidt, and Coach. After the pilot episode, Winston, a former roommate and Nick's childhood friend, replaces Coach, who had vacated the apartment to live with his girlfriend. Cece, Jess's childhood best friend and a successful fashion model, frequently visits Jess and the guys.
The series follows the group's interactions with each other and their romantic relationships. Midway through season 1, Schmidt and Cece get involved in a mostly sexual relationship but break up at the end of the season. In Season 2, Jess is laid off from her teaching job; she and the others get involved in mostly temporary relationships, although Cece enters an arranged marriage engagement to Shivrang that is broken up at the wedding in the season 2 finale. Jess and Nick become attracted to each other, making their relationship official at the end of season 2, and it lasts through most of season 3. Coach returns to the loft in season 3 after revealing that he had broken up with his girlfriend and stays through season 4 where he moves out to be with another girl. After bouncing around several random jobs, Winston works to become a police officer with the LAPD, and falls in love with his partner Aly. At the end of season 4, Schmidt proposes to Cece, and they marry at the end of season 5. Also, in season 5, while Jess is on jury duty, the group brings in temporary roommate Reagan Lucas, whom Nick becomes interested in. In season 6, Schmidt and Cece buy a house that they have to remodel, living with the gang in the meantime. Season 7 advances the storyline three years later where Schmidt and Cece have a three-year-old daughter named Ruth, Winston and Aly are expecting their first baby, and Nick tries to find the right time to propose to Jess.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of New Girl characters
The principal cast of New Girl includes:
Zooey Deschanel as Jessica "Jess" Day: a bubbly, offbeat teacher in her early thirties who is originally from Portland, Oregon. In the premiere episode, she moves into the guys' apartment where Nick, Schmidt, and Coach help her move on from a painful break-up with her boyfriend, Spencer.
Jake Johnson as Nick Miller: Jess's roommate who works as a bartender. At the start of the series, he struggles from a break-up with his long-term girlfriend Caroline.
Max Greenfield as Schmidt: Jess's roommate who is an overly confident ladies' man. He is a successful marketing associate in a female-dominated office.
Damon Wayans Jr. as Coach: a cocky and driven former athlete who works as a personal trainer. He appears briefly in the "Pilot" episode as a roommate, but has left in the second episode. After a break-up with his girlfriend, Coach returns to the loft after two years away and reintegrates himself back into the lives of his former roommates. Wayans once again departed the main cast this time at the end of season 4 but returns as a guest after that.
Hannah Simone as Cece Parikh: a fashion model and Jess' best friend since childhood. In spite of their differences, Cece is a very loyal and protective friend to Jess. Initially skeptical of Jess' new roommates, Cece becomes interested in Schmidt.
Lamorne Morris as Winston Bishop: a former basketball player and Nick's childhood friend from Chicago. Losing his post as point guard for a team in the Latvian Basketball League, he returns to America and moves back into the guys' apartment in the second episode.
Danielle and Rhiannon Rockoff as Ruth: Schmidt and Cece's three year old daughter, appearing in the seventh and final season.
Production[edit]
Conception[edit]
Executive producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, Elizabeth Meriwether and producer/actress Zooey Deschanel at Paley Fest 2012.
20th Century Fox Television first approached playwright Elizabeth Meriwether in 2008 to develop a pilot that was eventually shelved. After Meriwether's success with the 2011 romantic comedy film No Strings Attached, 20th Century Fox approached her once more, and she pitched an idea for a TV sitcom about an "offbeat girl moving in with three single guys",[4] inspired by her experience of "bouncing from Craigslist sublet to Craigslist sublet, for four years in L.A." when she was in her twenties.[5] This show was initially called Chicks and Dicks, and two of the characters were already similar to the final characters of Jess and Schmidt.[6] The initial idea was a Will & Grace-style comedy inspired by Meriwether's close friendship with a guy after their exes started dating each other.[7] The FOX network liked the script and pursued Zooey Deschanel for the role of Jess,[6] to whose story Meriwether felt most connected.[8] As the script developed, the plot moved on from being about the sexual endeavors of the roommates and became more socially oriented, so the title was changed to New Girl.[9]
As Fox greenlit the show in 2011[6] and ordered an initial 13 episodes,[10] Meriwether approached Jake Kasdan, whom she admired for his work on Freaks and Geeks blending comedy and emotion, to shoot the pilot and subsequent episodes.[6][11] 30 Rock's Brett Baer and Dave Finkel became co-showrunners, although Meriwether is still regarded as the voice behind New Girl.[6] According to The New Republic, Kasdan "helped develop the feel of the show, which is lit more darkly and cinematically than the average sitcom",[6] and Meriwether found the show working best "when you're laughing, but you're a little sad about it".[11] The show attempts to combine "comedy and drama as the five characters explore the difficulties of the decade between 30 and 40, which is when many people take their biggest steps toward maturity" in regards to relationships and careers,[12] which, unlike Friends, is giving the show a "built-in biological clock".[13] Kasdan said that "Their lives are moving forward, [but] they're still trying to hang on to some kind of crazy youth" although he does not "want them ever to seem pathetic."[6]
Screenwriters Stephanie Counts and Shari Gold filed an 87-page lawsuit in January 2014, claiming that New Girl was based on their 2006 script for a proposed television series.[14] There were a number of similarities, including the number of roommates, similar backgrounds, appearance, and ethnicity. Additionally, Jess's long term partner in the New Girl pilot had the same name (Spencer) and they broke up for similar reasons (partner's infidelity). Fox and talent agency William Morris Endeavor Entertainment LLC responded in April 2014 that in their view, the two works were not substantially similar and that any other similarities stemmed from non-protectable ideas, or scenes a faire. Thus, they pleaded that the judge dismiss the case.[15] The case was dismissed with leave to amend in 2014. An amended complaint was filed in 2014 and decided by summary judgment against Counts and Gold on December 30, 2015.[16] In March, Counts and Gold were ordered to pay approximately $800,000 in attorney's fees.[17]
Casting[edit]
Movie actress and singer-songwriter Zooey Deschanel was in the process of developing an HBO show when she read the New Girl pilot script and responded to the material.[5][18] The character of Jess was not specifically written for Deschanel, but the producers found it a great match and did not need a lot of fine-tuning.[19] With the support from Fox, Meriwether wanted to make Jess a unique, interesting and funny female character[19][20] that would have been the side character on other shows.[21] Deschanel became a producer on the show and helped build the character,[7] requesting to not play the classic wife character who would be ignored by the guys she tries to keep out of trouble.[22] Meriwether's goal was to write about herself from an honest perspective,[20] with Jess mirroring her at the start and later Deschanel until Jess turned into a "hybrid of me and Zooey, the writers, and the editor".[23] Deschanel described Jess as a part of her, especially in regards to "the sort of enthusiasm and optimism" of her youth. She does not shy away from playing embarrassing scenes or being unattractive,[18] and Kasdan said that "This show advocates for the attractive dork."[19] Although Meriwether had always imagined the show as an ensemble show, Fox would later focus its first marketing push on Zooey Deschanel[24] and gave the show the promotional tagline "Simply Adorkable."[7]
The show's main cast: Zooey Deschanel (Jess), Jake Johnson (Nick), Max Greenfield (Schmidt), Lamorne Morris (Winston), and Hannah Simone (Cece) at Paley Fest 2012.
With Kasdan's advice to cast good actors and write for them instead of shoehorning them into the other roles, Meriwether was prepared to deviate from her pitched characters during casting.[24] Basing Nick Miller on a friend also surnamed Miller,[25] she originally imagined Nick as the smartest one of the group who doesn't need to say that[26] and thought of him as "the everyman one, who's stepping away and commenting on what all the crazy people are doing around him."[24] She sent the New Girl pilot script to movie actor Jake Johnson, with whom she had enjoyed working on No Strings Attached.[27] As he had never auditioned for a TV pilot, she guided him through the audition process.[28] Casting was done mainly through chemistry tests, and Johnson auditioned with Max Greenfield, who impressed the producers in his first audition as Schmidt.[27] The actors auditioning for Schmidt were more varied in appearance than those auditioning for Nick,[28] and Johnson and Greenfield were initially worried that they looked too much alike.[29] Johnson got the role of Nick after he agreed to lose 15 pounds at the network's request;[30] Greenfield learned the same day that he was cast.[29]
Casting the role of the "Coach" character took longer.[27] Meriwether originally envisioned Coach as "a fat Jewish guy, like a manchild" and later as "this dumb jock [with] crazy rage problems".[24] David Neher (who would play Schmidt's so-called "fremesis," Benjamin, in two episodes) was among the 400 actors auditioning for Coach before the producers settled on Damon Wayans Jr.[27] Wayans was expecting his show, the ABC sitcom Happy Endings, to be canceled. When that show was renewed for a second season, Wayans' spot was replaced with Lamorne Morris,[31] who had also read for Coach but had been unavailable for filming the pilot.[19] Meriwether estimated that about 80 percent of the pilot would have needed to be re-shot in order to remove Wayans from the episode, since he was in one of the leading roles of the show.[31] As the producers also liked reflecting the frequent apartment changes in young people's lives,[19] Meriwether, 20th Century Fox and the studio decided to keep the characters and the plot of the pilot episode as they were.[31] Morris joined the show in the second episode of the series when the producers had already broken seven episodes without knowing what the actor was going to be able to do.[24] Wayans returned to New Girl in season 3 for a season-long arc after Happy Endings had been cancelled, and was officially added as a regular for season 4.[32]
Writing[edit]
The New Girl production offices are on the Fox lot in Los Angeles, next to those of Homeland.[12] New Girl had 11 writers during its first season[4] and 15 during the second season.[22] Stories are developed in a collaborative effort[4] and are aimed at viewers of all genders.[33] The first season had no planned story arcs, but focused on setting up the characters, while the second season was to show different sides of the characters.[4][34] Overarching storylines usually culminate at a season's end;[35] the actors are generally not told the ending.[36] Meriwether said the writers did not "have a lot of plans. I think we really just to try to go where the show wants to go."[24] The writers challenge themselves to create new stories and to change the show's dynamics to keep things fresh,[37] while aiming to be "as emotionally real as possible" with "Every story having to feel like it was grounded in some emotional arc as opposed to going from the joke into the story."[4] As the show's jokes rely on the actors' performance instead of perfectly constructed punch lines, Meriwether looks for the actors' strengths before writing.[37] The A story generally revolves around Jess and has an emotional core.[38] Still, Meriwether sees the show as an ensemble about friendship with "everybody having their own stories and people being interested in all of the characters."[23]
Each New Girl episode starts out as a pitch page, goes through stages of an outline and a final draft before being filmed and edited,[6] a process which may take weeks.[35] Each stage is approved by Meriwether and her co-showrunners, by the production company Chernin, the Fox studio and the Fox network.[6] One group of writers works on alternate punchlines ("alts"), while another group rebreaks a draft until they find the funniest and most emotionally resonant version. All characters are tried to be tied into the story, and determining their motivation is the major goal so that people will laugh. Before taking the script to the table read with the whole cast on Tuesday, the main writers of an episode continue working on the draft over the weekend and the executive producers polish it.[35] During the first season, Meriwether usually made a final pass at the draft alone because of her film and theater background.[4] The actors' performance influences new story ideas;[4] the actors may also hand in story ideas.[25]
Filming and editing[edit]
The main set, which was built for the pilot and is to represent a factory-turned-loft in downtown Los Angeles, got reused once the show was given a full season.[27] The apartment building exterior is the Binford Building, located at 837 Traction Avenue in the city's Arts District, with interior shots done in a studio set.[39][40][39] The exterior shots for the bar where Nick works is of The Griffin, located in Atwater Village. The interior shots of the bar are originally from a restaurant called The Prince over in Koreatown, and were recreated in a studio set after the first season.[41][42]
As a single-camera comedy, New Girl is neither performed in front of a studio audience nor has a laugh track.[11] Some scenes are cross-covered (i.e. are filmed with a shooting camera on each person at the same time), to allow for better improvisations.[43] Handheld cameras are avoided for a more filmic look.[38]
The actors first receive the script in form of a table draft and film the episode the next Monday, by which time the story may have changed drastically.[26] The script keeps evolving during shooting.[44] The actors first perform scenes as written, then act out the alts or improvise,[5] to later allow the producers and editors to choose the gags that ultimately work best.[35] Morris estimated that 20 percent of each episode are improv.[45] Episodes are generally shot over five days,[38] which may increase to several weeks if weather conditions delay filming outdoor scenes.[35] The scenes are put together in the editing room until they achieve the emotional and comedic tone the producers are looking for.[12] The first cut of generally 27 minutes has to be cut down to the air version's 21 minutes and 35 seconds, which may air as little as a few days later. Only upon completion do the producers know what version ends up in the episode.[35]
True American[edit]
"True American" redirects here. For the historic building in New Jersey, see Golden Swan-True American.
True American is a fictional, convoluted drinking game that the New Girl characters first played in the season 1 episode "Normal". In September 2012, producer Brett Baer felt the concept of the game "deserves its own episode at some point", but the writers were reluctant to repeat the established rules and rather wanted to make it fresh.[46] A version for the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election was planned but never made.[8] The game's eventual second appearance in season 2's "Cooler" was played with the strip-poker version "Clinton Rules", but the exact rules remain unclear even to the actors.[47] True American with updated rules and the resulting hangover were featured in season 3's "Mars Landing". The writers started to do new True American episodes once each year.[48]
After "Normal" aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents.[46][49] The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting "JFK! FDR!" and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to "have fun, dig in, jump in" and play it as if "they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years." The high-energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode.[22][46]
Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized "There are no real rules".[50] When the promotional New Girl True American Bus Tour went through 19 American cities in 2012,[51] the writers stated lack of time rather than not knowing the rules for not writing down the rules.[46] Liz Meriwether said the game would not be easier to comprehend in later appearances, as the writers' goal is to actually make it harder to understand. She agreed with The A.V. Club that "It's much funnier if the rules make no sense."[8] As more people attempted playing the game in real life,[46] Baer pointed out that most people were "getting too drunk too fast" and did not focus enough on strategy, so the writers were thinking of establishing more rules for guidance.[46] Meriwether advised to "just trust your hearts, get really wasted, and look inside yourselves. I think you'll find the rules were there all along."[11]
Relationships[edit]
Creator Elizabeth Meriwether sees Nick, Schmidt and Winston "on the weirder side of things".[52] The producers stated learning more about the characters by seeing the actors' work and that "We probably rely on them more than we should" to define the characters.[5] For example, the producers found more variety in Nick's character in season 1 and enjoyed Johnson's improvisations, so they relayed Coach's attributed rage issues to Nick.[12][24] Nick is a childhood friend of Winston, has been best friends with Schmidt since his college days and becomes close to Jess, so his character connects the most with the other loftmates and is often part of their stories.[43] Jake Johnson (Nick) noted the contrast to the original plans for his character, as season 1 turned Nick into "an idiot, he's not keeping anyone together",[53] and that he did not fully understand his character in season 1, partly because the character might not have figured himself out at the age of 30.[54] Johnson felt that initially it seemed like Nick hated Schmidt for being a douchebag, but the show later teamed them up like The Odd Couple, showing their genuine friendship and simultaneous idiocy as they get into trouble.[55] According to Johnson, he and Max Greenfield (Schmidt) "couldn't be more different [as actors] and it's very much like Nick and Schmidt, but we both really get a kick out of the other guy" on set.[56]
With Winston only being added late to the show, the writers developed the Nick–Winston dynamic in season 1 and sought to figure out Winston's relationship with the other loftmates in season 2.[24] The writers noticed late during the first season that Morris seemed better suited to play a smart character and act as the loft's voice of reason,[12][24] although Meriwether found that when Winston "finally does blow up, he's crazier than all of them"[24] and that he works better "in these kind of crazy, comedic runners, small pieces of the episode"[33] that contrast the relationship dramas of the other main characters.[57] The Winston–Schmidt friendship was developed significantly in the second half of season 2 when the story focus moved to Nick and Jess.[22] The Nick–Jess relationship affects the three guys' friendship as Nick starts being more considerate of Jess' feelings regarding shenanigans.[58] Damon Wayans Jr. was planned to reprise his role as Coach in at least four episodes in the third season,[59] according to Meriwether "at a time when the roommates are at odds with each other" and "The guys are all fighting for his friendship."[60] The three guys will get intimidated by Coach's return, as he has "this alpha male aggression" and is "that macho, tough-talking guy that they all think is so cool".[52]
With Meriwether's openness regarding straight and gay communities,[30] New Girl also plays with the guys' sexual orientation for humor. One of Winston's recurring alternate persona is Nick's gay lover "Theodore K. Mullens", which started out as an improv of Lamorne Morris (Winston).[24] Johnson thought that Nick and Schmidt had "a pretty funny bromance" with "their own little weird will-they-won't-they".[43] Greenfield improvised kissing Nick a lot in season 1 until that the writers started putting Schmidt–Nick kisses into the script,[29] so that they shared more kisses than Nick and Jess did in the first two seasons.[30] The season 2 episode "Models" came about when Meriwether thought the show "needed a love story between Nick and Schmidt or something. We wanted to tell it like a classic rom-com story about Nick and Schmidt and their love of each other".[13]
Release[edit]
Main article: List of New Girl episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 24 September 20, 2011 (2011-09-20) May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08)
2 25 September 25, 2012 (2012-09-25) May 14, 2013 (2013-05-14)
3 23 September 17, 2013 (2013-09-17) May 6, 2014 (2014-05-06)
4 22 September 16, 2014 (2014-09-16) May 5, 2015 (2015-05-05)
5 22 January 5, 2016 (2016-01-05) May 10, 2016 (2016-05-10)
6 22 September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20) April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04)
7 8 April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10) May 15, 2018 (2018-05-15)
Broadcast and ratings[edit]
The New Girl pilot was released via on-demand, iTunes, and TiVo on September 6, 2011[61] before its September 20 premiere on Fox in the United States and on City in Canada.[62] Other international broadcasters include Channel 4 and E4 in the United Kingdom,[63] RTÉ2 in the Republic of Ireland,[64] Network Ten and Eleven in Australia,[65] and Four in New Zealand.[66] The pilot episode drew 10.28 million U.S. viewers and a 4.8 adults 18–49 demo rating,[67] making it the highest-rated fall debut for a Fox scripted show since The Bernie Mac Show in 2001.[68] The second episode made New Girl the top-rated show on television in the marketing-important 18–49 demographic, improved the rating of its lead-in hit series Glee and beat the long-running hit series NCIS and Dancing with the Stars.[61][69] At this time, Fox ordered 11 additional episodes to the initial 13-episode order, bringing the first season to 24 episodes.[70]
The ratings dropped considerably when the show took a break for baseball, plunging almost 20 percent to a 2.1 rating in the 18–49 audience group.[71] During the 2011–12 television season, New Girl averaged 8.22 million viewers and a 4.2 adults 18–49 demo rating. In 18–49 demo, it ranked as the fifth highest rated show on Fox and 13th overall.[72] On April 9, 2012, New Girl was officially renewed for a second season of 24 episodes;[73] Fox ordered one more episode during the second half of the season.[74]
On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a third season,[75] which premiered on September 17, 2013. New Girl's ratings were cited as an example for changed audience behavior: when including its Live+7 (days) results instead of just Live+SD (same day), the show's viewership almost doubled in the week of October 13–20, 2013 by jumping 89 percent, that week's the biggest percentage gain, to a 3.6 demo rating.[76][77] The total audience of the episode "Sister" grew by 112 percent over thirty days on multi platforms, compared to the Live+SD rating of 3.4.[78] The post-Super Bowl episode "Prince" holds the show's Live+SD viewership record of 26.30 million viewers.[79] New Girl was renewed for a fourth season on March 7, 2014 and renewed for a fifth season on March 31, 2015.[80]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Tuesday 9:00 p.m. 24 September 20, 2011 10.28[81] May 8, 2012 5.61[82] 2011–12 61 8.22[83] 4.2/11[72]
2 Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (premiere)
Tuesday 9:00 p.m. 25 September 25, 2012 5.18[84] May 14, 2013 4.06[85] 2012–13 77 5.85[86] 3.2/9[86]
3 Tuesday 9:00 p.m. 23 September 17, 2013 5.53[87] May 6, 2014 2.39[88] 2013–14 103 4.61[89] 3.2[89]
4 22 September 16, 2014 3.04[90] May 5, 2015 2.22[91] 2014–15 138 3.42[92] 1.8[92]
5 Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (1-15, 17, 19, 21)
Tuesday 8:30 p.m. (16)
Tuesday 9:00 p.m. (18, 20, 22) 22 January 5, 2016 3.33[93] May 10, 2016 2.17[94] 2015–16 125 3.69[95] 1.8[95]
6 Tuesday 8:30 p.m. (1-10)
Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (11-22) 22 September 20, 2016 2.31[96] April 4, 2017 2.00[97] 2016–17 133 2.93[98] 1.5[98]
7 Tuesday 9:30 p.m. (1-4, 6, 8)
Tuesday 9:00 p.m. (5, 7) 8 April 10, 2018 1.83[99] May 15, 2018 1.47[100] 2017–18 171 2.18[101] 1.0[101]
Syndication[edit]
The series was added to TBS's line-up on August 17, 2015. Additionally, the sitcom was added to MTV in the fall of 2015.[102]
DVD releases[edit]
Season
Episodes
DVD release date
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Season 1 (2011–12) 24 October 2, 2012 December 3, 2012 November 2, 2012 October 10, 2012
Season 2 (2012–13) 25 October 1, 2013 September 27, 2013 December 13, 2013 November 9, 2013
Season 3 (2013–14) 23 September 2, 2014 October 3, 2014 September 8, 2014 December 3, 2014
Season 4 (2014–15) 22 September 1, 2015 November 16, 2015 TBA May 4, 2016
Season 5 (2015–16) 22 September 20, 2016 TBA TBA TBA
Season 6 (2016–17) 22 June 5, 2018 TBA TBA TBA
Season 7 (2018) 7 July 3, 2018 TBA TBA TBA
Tie-ins[edit]
The Douche Journals: The Definitive Account of One Man's Genius, compiled of the many Schmidtisms from The Douchebag Jar, before Jess moved into the apartment. Released in 2012.[103] ISBN 9780062238672[104]
Season 6 episode 4 features a crossover with Brooklyn Nine-Nine, as Jess finds herself in a predicament while driving in New York City.[105]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, season one holds an approval rating of 84% based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 6.83/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Zooey Deschanel's offbeat style gets a worthy showcase in New Girl, and while it can get awfully cutesy at times, the show benefits from witty writing and a strong supporting cast."[106] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 66 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[107]
In June 2011, New Girl was one of eight honorees in the "most exciting new series" category at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards, voted by journalists who had seen the pilots.[108] Robert Bianco of USA Today considered New Girl "fall's most promising new series" and praised how Deschanel and Meriwether "have shaped Jess into something we haven't quite seen before – a woman who is sweet yet crass, innocent yet sexy, beautiful yet clumsy, and brash yet irresistibly adorable." However, he noted how "Some people will be resistant to Deschanel's doe-eyed charm; others have a congenital need to insult anyone who most everyone else is praising, particularly if doing so gets them attention."[109] The Hollywood Reporter's Tim Goodman saw the show as a "mostly romantic comedy", and although Jess' adorability "might seem like a thin premise, [...] Meriwether manages to make the situations funny and lets Deschanel channel her charm – a winning combination."[110] David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle would rather see the show tone down. He felt "the show's fundamental setup isn't all that inspired, but it could work with smarter writing and better direction, especially with regard to Deschanel", who, in his opinion, overplayed Jess' weird habits "to the point of overkill within the first 10 minutes of the show".[111]
Alan Sepinwall of HitFix considered New Girl "the best new comedy of the fall season, and the only new show I genuinely enjoyed from start to finish" because it was so well developed from the start. He praised Deschanel's "wonderful comic performance" and said that while the supporting actors "all bounce nicely off of Deschanel", the scenes without Deschanel around them fell flat for him.[112] Writing for the Daily News, David Hinckley lauded how none of the characters "settle in as the stereotypes they could easily become", and presumed that all of them would evolve and get smarter as the show progresses.[113] Lori Rack of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the actors' comedic timing and playing off each other. Despite the guys sounding "like nightmares" on paper, "they have endearing, vulnerable cores that make them likable, and occasionally, lovable. [...] New Girl didn't give me as many laugh-out-loud moments as some comedies", but instead made her "feel warm and fuzzy".[114] Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said the show's pilot was "more charming than hilarious" and "cuter than it is funny, but when it does conjure laughs, its style of humor is reminiscent of ABC's Happy Endings".[115]
Critics questioned the portrayal of Jess' girlishness early on.[6] Phillip Maciak of Slant Magazine initially expected New Girl as one of 2011's many new female-centric shows to "be an exemplar of this new age of empowerment, but found instead that "New Girl presents us with a narratively scattered, male fantasy of a show about a cooing woman-child in a polka-dot skirt who literally can't say the word 'penis' without giggling."[116] Meriwether stated it was not the show's goal to create a symbol and, pointing to gender double-standards, rejected opinions that Jess was emblematic of all women.[23] She "was really just writing about myself, and so my main goal is just to give Zooey, really fun, interesting things to do every week, and then just be really honest with myself about the character and present an interesting, funny female character on television."[20] Critics felt the first-season episode "Jess & Julia" was a meta reference to Jess' girliness and the initial "adorkable" ad campaign for New Girl,[8][117] but Meriwether stated the episode was more a response to a controversial New York magazine cover story about Deschanel's personality and her views on women's issues.[8]
Summarizing the first two seasons, Jon Caramanica of The New York Times said "Jess fit into no known mode, sitcom or interpersonal. For much of the [first] season, she remained a cipher. Her interactions with the rest of the crew were unfailingly odd—there was no common language, and that was the root of the show's comedic alchemy, or lack thereof. By the end of that first season, Jess' sharp angles had been sandpapered down a bit, but the show's second season [...] represented a change in approach that has rescued New Girl from its whimsy and turned it into one of the most reliable and reliably affecting sitcoms on television. At root, these changes sprang from the recognition that Ms. Deschanel's charms lie not in her quirk but in her empathy and warmth."[118] Variety's Cynthia Littleton summarized that "The show has drawn praise from critics for its deft mix of offbeat humor that captures the voice of contempo 20-somethings and laugh-out-loud moments, aided by Deschanel's flair for physical comedy."[119] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan said New Girl's second season was "doing an ace job of mixing sharp comedic moments and goofball weirdness with excellent character-building."[120]
Many critics considered Max Greenfield the show's breakout star in season 1;[7][12][23][121] The A.V. Club even named Greenfield's Schmidt "the year's breakout TV character" as a "douchebag with a heart of gold".[8] Salon described Schmidt as "a sort of self-created alpha male and a collection of beta male qualities [... which] are performed with such conviction they congeal into a sort of deranged machismo, one slathered in sandalwood-scented lotion. As part of this transition, Schmidt has gone from being a douchebag in the classic model—a guy who, in the pilot, constantly wanted to show off his pecs and scam girls, and seemed capable of doing so—to a douche of a more unique variety."[121] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan said how "Schmidt could have easily been 'the dumb guy', or the show could have exploited his status as an eminently mockable douche. But thanks to Max Greenfield's endearing depiction of the would-be ladykiller, there's a lot more the writers have been able to do with the character."[12] Caramanica lamented how Winston as the lone black character "is still an outlier, though far less so than in the first season. He's a sharp foil when other characters, especially Schmidt, get too racially comfortable."[118]
On Rotten Tomatoes, season two holds an approval rating of 88% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 6.56/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "New Girl's terrific ensemble cast remains its most valuable asset, and the show is buoyed by a deeper, more relatable central performance from lead Zooey Deschanel in its sophomore season."[122] After the teasing of the Nick–Jess relationship in the first season, critics named Jake Johnson the breakout star of season 2 as the characters' romance unfolded.[56][123] Saying that "Not since Ross and Rachel's tango on Friends has watching a comedy romance been so satisfying", The Hollywood Reporter said the producers "did the impossible by engaging their leads in a love story, which only strengthened the artistry of the single-cam comedy".[124] The New York Times said season 2 "erupted in fantastic and bizarre fits and starts" because of the characters' unmatched personalities, and lauded the writers for not playing up the will-they-or-won't-they dynamic. By emphasing how the characters got together, the show "made for hilarious setups [that occasionally led] to high-level Abbott and Costello slapstick. They have a modern love. [...] Together, they are fully functional. They make each other human."[118] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan was unconcerned about getting Jess and Nick together, as because of immaturity "they're bound to keep on making a lot of amusing and painful mistakes, sometimes with each other. Those choices can be both hilarious and sad, and New Girl has gotten a lot of mileage out of both those areas."[120] The continued Nick–Jess relationship was criticized in season 3 for dropping the characters' personalities, lack of tension,[125] and for neglecting the show's female friendship between Jess and Cece.[126] TV Guide's Natalie Abrams felt that during the first half of season 3 that "bringing them together caused that [former] spark [between them] to diminish",[127] while Hitfix's Alan Sepinwall and The A.V. Club's David Sims found that the show's perceived decline in quality had less to do with the Nick–Jess relationship but with the handling of Schmidt's cheating arc and the re-introduction of Coach.[128][129]
On Rotten Tomatoes, season three holds an approval rating of 88% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 6.46/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though it falls within a common sitcom template, New Girl brings laughter by spotlighting funny and genuine characters that are imperfect in relatable ways."[130] Season four holds an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 6.67/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "New Girl's fourth season benefits from a renewed cast chemistry reminiscent of season two."[131] The series' seventh and final season has an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 6.78, and a critical consensus of, "After seven years of friendship, New Girl signs off with a thoughtful, funny final season that bids a proper adieu to its colorful cast of characters."[132]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by New Girl
The show has been nominated for several awards, including five Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (November 18, 2013). "An Open Letter to New Girl: Stop Trying to Make Nick and Jess Happen!". TV Guide. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Maerz, Melissa (October 21, 2013). "An Open Letter to New Girl: Stop Trying to Make Nick and Jess Happen!". TV Guide. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (February 3, 2014). "New Girl Scoop: Are Nick and Jess Headed for a Breakup?". TV Guide. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (February 2, 2014). "Review: 'New Girl' – 'Prince': I love u but I don't trust u anymore". TV Guide. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sims, David (January 31, 2014). "New Girl is bouncing back, but Nick and Jess were never the problem". TV Guide. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Girl: Season 3". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "New Girl: Season 4". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "New Girl: Season 7". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
External links[edit]
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text:
Australian government debt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Throughout this article, the unqualified term "dollar" and the $ symbol refers to the Australian dollar.
Date
(30 June)
Gross debt
(A$ billion)
Debt ceiling
(A$ billion)
2004 59.628 n/a
2005 60.103 n/a
2006 59.078 n/a
2007 58.273 75
2008 60.451 75
2009 101.136 200
2010 147.122 200
2011 191.282 250
2012 233.968 300
2013 257.370 300
2014 319.479 n/a
2015 368.730 n/a
2016 420.405 n/a
2017
(11 Apr) 551.750 n/a
Source: Commonwealth of Australia[1]
Source: Australian Debt Clock[2]
The Australian government debt is the amount owed by the Australian federal government. The Australian Office of Financial Management, which is part of the Treasury Portfolio, is the agency which manages the government debt and does all the borrowing on behalf of the Australian government.[3] Australian government borrowings are subject to limits and regulation by the Loan Council, unless the borrowing is for defence purposes or is a 'temporary' borrowing. Government debt and borrowings (and repayments) have national macroeconomic implications, and are also used as one of the tools available to the national government in the macroeconomic management of the national economy, enabling the government to create or dampen liquidity in financial markets, with flow on effects on the wider economy.
As of 30 June 2016, the gross Australian government debt was $420.4 billion.[1] The government debt fluctuates from week to week depending on government receipts, general outlays and large-sum outlays. Australian government debt does not take into account government funds held in reserve within statutory authorities such as the Australian Government Future Fund, which at 30 September 2016 was valued at $122.8 billion,[4] and the Reserve Bank of Australia. Nor is the net income of these statutory authorities taken into account. For example, the Future Fund net income in 2014–15 was $15.61 billion, which went directly into the fund's reserves. Also, guarantees offered by the government do not figure in the government debt level. For example, on 12 October 2008, in response to the Economic crisis of 2008, the government offered to guarantee 100% of all bank deposits. This was subsequently reduced to a maximum of $1 million per customer per institution. From 1 February 2012, the guarantee was reduced to $250,000,[5] and is ongoing.
Australia's net international investment liability position (government debt and private debt) was $1,028.5 billion at 31 December 2016, an increase of $5.4 billion (0.5%) on the liability position at 31 December 2016, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.[6]
Australia's bond credit rating was rated AAA by all three major credit rating agencies as at May 2017.[7] Around two-thirds of Australian government debt is held by non-resident investors – a share that has risen since 2009 and remains historically high.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Net government debt
2 Latest budget forecasts
3 Debt ceiling
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Net government debt[edit]
Total (gross) government debt as a percent of GDP by IMF (2012)
Net government debt is defined by the International Monetary Fund as "gross debt minus financial assets corresponding to debt instruments".[9] Financial assets corresponding to debt instruments include currency and deposits, debt securities and loans. In the context of the budget, general government sector net debt is equal to the sum of deposits held, government securities (at market value), loans and other borrowing, minus the sum of cash and deposits, advances paid and investments, loans and placements.[10][11] The net debt to GDP ratio over time is influenced by a government surplus/deficit or due to growth of GDP and inflation, as well as movements in the market value of government securities which may in turn be influenced by movements in general interest rates and currency values.
Australia's net government debt as percentage of GDP in the 2016–17 budget was estimated at 18.9% ($326.0 billion); much lower than most developed countries.[12] The budget forecasted that net government debt would increase to $346.8 and $356.4 billion in 2017–18 and 2018–19 respectively. However, despite continuing to rise in aggregate terms, growth in the economy means the government expects the proportion of debt to GDP to peak at 19.2% in 2017–18 before starting to fall thereafter.
The net government debt was negative (i.e. The Australian government had net positive bond holdings) in the 2006–07-year for the first time in three decades, from an original peak of 18.5% of GDP ($96 billion) in 1995–96.[13] The reduction in net debt is attributable to the consistent budget surpluses in the mid-2000s as well as the privatisation of government assets in the preceding decade.
Latest budget forecasts[edit]
The federal budget is the main mechanism that determines the government's net debt position from one period to the next. A surplus (revenue is greater than expenses) allows the government to pay down its debt while a deficit (expenses are greater than revenue) requires the government to issue more debt to cover the shortfall. The 2017–18 budget has a deficit forecast of $29.3 billion, or 1.6% of GDP.[14] This would be Australia's tenth consecutive budget deficit. The treasury estimates the deficit will reduce in both aggregate and proportion terms until returning to surplus in the 2020–21 fiscal year.
Debt ceiling[edit]
A debt ceiling on how much the Australian government could borrow existed between 2007 and 2013.
The statutory limit was created in 2007 by the Rudd Government and set at $75 billion. It was increased in 2009 to $200 billion,[15] $250 billion in 2011 and $300 billion in May 2012. In November 2013, Treasurer Joe Hockey requested Parliament's approval for an increase in the debt limit from $300 billion to $500 billion, saying that the limit will be exhausted by mid-December 2013.[16] With the support of the Australian Greens, the Abbott Government repealed the debt ceiling over the opposition of the Australian Labor Party.
The debt ceiling was contained in section 5 of the Commonwealth Inscribed Stock Act 1911[17] until its repeal in December 2013.
See also[edit]
Australia portal
Economy portal
Australian federal budget
Government budget
List of sovereign states by public debt
Taxation in Australia
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian Government Securities on Issue 2015–16". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Government Sector Debts, National Government Debt". Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Role and Function". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "2015/16 Future Fund Annual Report" (PDF). Future Fund – Australia's Sovereign Wealth Fund. 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Questions & Answers about the Guarantee on Deposits". guaranteescheme.gov.au.
Jump up ^ "5302.0 – Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia, March 2017". abs.gov.au.
Jump up ^ "Federal budget 2017: Standard & Poor's reaffirms Australia's AAA credit rating". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ The Age, 29 January 2016, Treasury secretary John Fraser: Australia has a spending and a revenue problem.
Jump up ^ International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014
Jump up ^ Parliament of Australia, The Australian Government’s current debt position – April 2015 update
Jump up ^ MYEFO 2014–15, p.94.
Jump up ^ "Budget Paper No.1 2016–17". budget.gov.au. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Budget 2006–07, Australian Government is now debt free
Jump up ^ "Budget Overview 2017–18" (PDF). budget.gov.au. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ The Age, 24 October 2013 – Debt ceiling – all because of West Wing?
Jump up ^ The Age, 14 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Commonwealth Inscribed Stock Act 1911, s.5
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Statistics about bonds in Australia.
Australian Office of Financial Management
Katrina Di Marco, Mitchell Pirie and Wilson Au-Yeung: A history of public debt in Australia, Treasury, Commonwealth of Australia. (ca. 2011).
Debt Statistics for Australia
Australian government debt clock
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Grading on a curve
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In education, marking on a curve (BE) or grading on a curve (AE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves) is a method of assigning grades designed to yield a normal distribution (also called the Gaussian distribution) among the students in a class.[1] The term "curve" refers to the bell curve, the graphical representation of the probability density of the normal distribution, but this method does not necessarily use any specific frequency distribution.
One method of grading on a curve uses three steps:
Numeric scores (or possibly scores on a sufficiently fine-grained ordinal scale) are assigned to the students. The absolute values are less relevant, provided that the order of the scores corresponds to the relative performance of each student within the course.
These scores are converted to percentiles (or some other system of quantiles).
The percentile values are transformed to grades according to a division of the percentile scale into intervals, where the interval width of each grade indicates the desired relative frequency for that grade.
For example, if there are five grades in a particular university course, A, B, C, D, and F, where A is reserved for the top 20% of students, B for the next 30%, C for the next 30%-40%, and D or F for the remaining 10%-20%, then scores in the percentile interval from 0% to 20% will receive a grade of D or F, scores from 21% to 50% will receive a grade of C, scores from 51% to 80% receive a grade of B, and scores from 81% to 100% will achieve a grade of A.
Consistent with the example illustrated above, a grading curve allows academic institutions to ensure the distribution of students across certain grade point average (GPA) thresholds. As many professors establish the curve to target a course average of a C, the corresponding grade point average equivalent would be a 2.0 on a standard 4.0 scale employed at most North American universities.[2] Similarly, a grade point average of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale would indicate that the student is within the top 20% of the class. Grading curves serve to attach additional significance to these figures, and the specific distribution employed may vary between academic institutions.[3]
The ultimate objective of grading curves is to minimize or eliminate the influence of variation between different instructors of the same course, ensuring that the students in any given class are assessed relative to their peers. This also circumvents problems associated with utilizing multiple versions of a particular examination, a method often employed where test administration dates vary between class sections. Regardless of any difference in the level of difficulty, real or perceived, the grading curve ensures a balanced distribution of academic results.
However, curved grading can increase competitiveness between students and affect their sense of faculty fairness in a class. Students are generally most upset in the case that the curve lowered their grade compared to what they would have received if a curve was not used. To ensure that this does not happen, teachers usually put forth effort to ensure that the test itself is hard enough when they intend to use a grading curve, such that they would expect the average student to get a lower raw score that the score intended to be used at the average in the curve, thus ensuring that all students benefit from the curve. Thus, curved grades cannot be blindly used and must be carefully considered and pondered compared to alternatives such as criterion-referenced grading. Furthermore, constant misuse of curved grading can adjust grades on poorly designed tests, whereas assessments should be designed to accurately reflect the learning objectives set by the instructor.[4]
See also[edit]
Grading (education)
Norm-referenced test
List of law school GPA curves
Normal distribution
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Roell, Kelly. "What is Grading on a Curve?". About.com. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ *Grading on a Curve About.com
Jump up ^ Volokh, Eugene (9 February 2015). "In praise of grading on a curve". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 May 2017. Like democracy, grading on a curve may be the worst possible system — except for all the alternatives.
Jump up ^ Reese, Michael. "To Curve or Not to Curve". The Innovative Instructor Blog - Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
External links[edit]
A Comprehensive Look at Types of Curves
A Brief Note about Grade Statistics or How the Curve is Computed
How to Create a Bell Curve in Excel
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grading_on_a_curve&oldid=790964691"
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