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CeeLo Green
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CeeLo Green
Green performing in 2008
Background information
Birth name
Thomas DeCarlo Burton
Born
(1975-05-30) May 30, 1975 (age 43)[1]
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Genres
R&B
hip hop
soul
funk
Occupation(s)
Singer
songwriter
rapper
record producer
actor
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
1994–present
Labels
Arista
BMG
Elektra
Atlantic
Associated acts
Dungeon Family
Gnarls Barkley
Goodie Mob
Bruno Mars
Christina Aguilera
Jack Splash
Jazze Pha
Lionel Richie
Outkast
Vicci Martinez
Website
ceelogreen.com
Thomas DeCarlo Callaway (born May 30, 1975),[1][2][3] known professionally as CeeLo Green (or Cee Lo Green), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and actor.
Green came to initial prominence as a member of the Southern hip hop group Goodie Mob and later as part of the soul duo Gnarls Barkley, with record producer Danger Mouse. Subsequently he embarked on a solo career, partially spurred by YouTube popularity.[4]
Internationally, Green is best known for his soul work: his most popular was Gnarls Barkley's 2006 worldwide hit "Crazy", which reached number 1 in various singles charts worldwide, including the UK. In the United States, "Crazy" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100. Its parent album St. Elsewhere (2006), was also a hit, peaked at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart and number 4 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart. Gnarls Barkley's second album, The Odd Couple (2008), charted at number 12 on the Billboard 200.
In 2010, Green took a hiatus from working with Danger Mouse, and released a solo single titled "Fuck You!", on August 19. The song became a successful single, with the radio-edit version "Forget You", reaching the top spot in the UK and the Netherlands and peaked at number 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Its parent album, The Lady Killer (2010), saw similar success, peaking within the top five of the UK Albums Chart and debuting within the top 10 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, receiving a Gold certification from the BPI in the UK. His next two singles, "It's OK" and "Bright Lights Bigger City" were also hits in Europe. From 2011 to 2014, Green was a judge and coach on American reality television singing competition The Voice, appearing on four of its seasons.[a] In 2013, Green reunited with the rest of Goodie Mob, to release their fifth studio album Age Against the Machine.
He worked as a voice actor in the animated feature Hotel Transylvania (2012), and also appeared in a few television programs and films—including his own show, CeeLo Green's The Good Life, on TBS. Green has endorsed 7 Up, Duracell, M&M’s, and sake brand TY KU. His work has earned numerous awards and accolades, including five Grammy Awards, a BET Award, a Billboard Award, and a Brit Award. He also starred in the Cartoon Network show Teen Titans Go! acting as himself and Cee Lo Bear, and sang "The Night Begins to Shine" and other songs.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Music career
2.1 1991–1998: Early career with Goodie Mob
2.2 1999–2003: Move to Arista
2.3 2004–2008: Second solo album and formation of Gnarls Barkley
2.4 2009–2011: The Lady Killer and tours
2.5 2012–present: Upcoming works and autobiography
3 Acting career
4 Other ventures
5 Personal life
6 Legal troubles
7 Controversies
8 Discography
9 Awards and nominations
10 References
10.1 Bibliography
11 External links
Early life[edit]
Green was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He graduated from high school at Riverside Military Academy, a boarding school for boys in Gainesville, Georgia. Both of his parents were ordained ministers,[6] and he started his music career in church. His father died when Green was two years old.[6] His mother, Sheila J. Tyler-Callaway, a firefighter,[7][8] was paralyzed in a car crash and died two years after the accident when Green was 18.[6] Green has also acknowledged being a fan of disgraced British glam rock singer Gary Glitter, but has acknowledged to Q Magazine that he is aware of Glitter's crimes.[9]
At the time of his mother's death, Green's career with Goodie Mob had just begun taking off. He sank into a deep depression, which he later wrote about in various songs throughout his career, including "Free" by Goodie Mob, "Just a Thought" on St. Elsewhere, and "She Knows" and "A Little Better" on The Odd Couple.[6][10] Green also wrote about his mother in the song "Guess Who" from Goodie Mob's album Soul Food. In an excerpt of CeeLo Distilled, a documentary produced by Absolut and The Fader, Green explained that his mother's death was a defining moment that led him toward "crossing that threshold over into a career".[11]
Music career[edit]
1991–1998: Early career with Goodie Mob[edit]
Along with Big Gipp, T-Mo, and Khujo, Green was an original member of the Atlanta hip hop group Goodie Mob. He is the youngest of the four.[12] The Goodie Mob was a part of the Atlanta rap collective the Dungeon Family, which also included Outkast. Goodie Mob appeared on two tracks on OutKast's 1994 debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, with Green providing vocals for "Call of da Wild" and "Git Up, Git Out".
Goodie Mob released their debut album, Soul Food, in 1995. The album received much critical praise as a pioneering record for the emerging Southern rap scene. It featured a distinctive soulful southern sound by production team Organized Noize.
During this time, he also contributed backing vocals to TLC's hit 1995 song "Waterfalls".[13]
The group's second album, Still Standing, came out in 1998 and also received much critical praise. Its commercial performance was slightly lower than the group's previous effort, however. Green took more creative control on the group's next album, World Party, which was released in 1999.[14]
1999–2003: Move to Arista[edit]
In around 1999, during the making of the album World Party, Green left the group to pursue a solo career under Arista and the remaining members continued to perform together under the Goodie Mob name with Koch Records. They did however collaborate in combinations in the Dungeon Family album Even in Darkness.
The song "Hold On" from Big Boi of OutKast's Got Purp? Vol. 2 album was the first newly recorded Goodie Mob song with all four members since World Party.[15]
Green was one of ten guest musicians who contributed to the 1999 Santana album Supernatural. Lauryn Hill wrote "Do You Like The Way", and she and Green both provided lead vocals.
Green's Arista career was short-lived, as he was dropped after two albums due to low record sales. His first album, Cee-Lo Green and His Perfect Imperfections (2002), was heavily in the vein of various other Dungeon Family releases, with southern soul/funk/jazz backings produced by Green and boasting appearances by fellow Dungeon Fam members Big Gipp and Backbone. The album did not sell very well, but Green achieved some airplay with the single "Closet Freak".[citation needed]
2004–2008: Second solo album and formation of Gnarls Barkley[edit]
Green (front) with Danger Mouse (back)
His second Arista album, Cee-Lo Green... Is the Soul Machine (2004) brought a more branched-out sound and more deeply explored southern rap music. This is evidenced by collaborations with "the biggest hip-hop musicians of all time", including Ludacris, T.I., and Pharrell Williams.[16] The album debuted and peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip Hop Album chart.[17] It received critical acclaim and was described as "one of the most ambitious albums to come out of any genre in recent times."[18]
Along with DJ Danger Mouse, Green was part of a duo called Gnarls Barkley. Green first met Danger Mouse at a University of Georgia event. They later collaborated on the remix of the Danger Mouse and Jemini song "What U Sittin' On?" from the album Ghetto Pop Life,[19] before working together again on the 2005 Danger Doom album The Mouse and The Mask on the song "Benzie Box" where Green delivers the chorus.[20]
Gnarls Barkley's first collaborative album, St. Elsewhere, was released on April 24, 2006, in the UK and May 2, 2006, in the United States. St. Elsewhere entered the charts at No.1 in the UK, as did the first single "Crazy". "Crazy" is the first single to reach number one in the UK based on digital download sales alone and is ranked by Rolling Stone as the greatest song of the decade, ergo making it Green's most successful project to date.[12] A second album by Gnarls Barkley, titled The Odd Couple, was released in March 2008. Its first single was released in January called "Run (I'm a Natural Disaster)".[12]
Seeing the success achieved by Gnarls Barkley, Arista and Legacy released a 17-track greatest hits collection of songs by Green, titled Closet Freak: The Best of Cee-Lo Green the Soul Machine. It features predominantly solo tracks by Green and several Goodie Mob songs.[21] His "What Part of Forever" was included in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse soundtrack.[22] In 2008, Green published a rendition of the 1974 single "Kung Fu Fighting" by Jamaican vocalist Carl Douglas, for the animated film Kung Fu Panda.[23]
2009–2011: The Lady Killer and tours[edit]
On August 14, 2010, Green released the single "Fuck You!" to YouTube ahead of his planned solo album release, due to its partial leak on April 13. "Fuck You!" was an instant viral smash hit,[4] registering over two million plays in less than a week. Two weeks later on September 1, CeeLo released to YouTube an official music video of the song.[24] "Fuck You" made a debut at No.1 on the UK charts, notably beating out "Shame" from the recently reunited Robbie Williams and Gary Barlow. On December 1, 2010, CeeLo received five Grammy nominations for "Fuck You!", which has been certified Gold in the United States[25] and Denmark.[26] The single achieved platinum status in Canada,[27] New Zealand,[28] and the UK;[29] and multi-platinum status in Australia. There is a bowdlerized version of the song titled, "Forget You!"[30]
In October 2010, Green released his first mixtape, Stray Bullets.[31] In an interview with Exclaim!, he said his 2010 album The Lady Killer "...is a more clear, concise, consistent, conceptual, entire album [than his previous]. It's a complete thought, because it's written to be like a score. The album's meant to be a motion picture, you know? I've never taken that approach to doing an album before."[32] The album was certified Gold in the UK on December 6, 2010.[33]
Green toured during 2010 and 2011 with an all-female backing band named "Scarlet Fever" (made up of Sharon Aguilar, Brittany Brooks, Theresa Flaminio, and Regina Zernay Roberts), performing for Taratata,[34] the BBC,[35][36][37][38] Late Show with David Letterman,[39] W's Symmetry Live Concert Series,[40][41] Saturday Night Live,[42][43] the Jimmy Kimmel Live! special show following the Academy Awards,[44] and many other venues. Green also performed "Forget You", a sanitized version of his hit "Fuck You", with Gwyneth Paltrow and several puppets provided by The Jim Henson Company at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 13, 2011. His performance was in part an homage to Elton John, who wore a very similar costume in a Muppet show performance in 1977.[45] At the 2011 BRIT Awards two days later, he was joined by British vocalist Joelle Bennett in another duet of "Fuck You".[46][47] Shortly thereafter, it was announced that Green would join Rihanna and J. Cole on the North American leg of Rihanna Loud Tour in the summer of 2011.[48] However, he later dropped out of the tour citing that his busy work schedule, which included his commitment to judging The Voice, writing a new book and recording a new album, as the reason for his withdrawal.[49]
On August 14, 2011, Green performed at WWE SummerSlam performing "Forget You" and the event's theme, "Bright Lights, Bigger City". He also performed at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards performance.[50]
CeeLo re-released his album The Lady Killer as a Platinum Edition on November 28, 2011.[51] The repackaged album contained the original 16 tracks, including remixed versions of "Bright Lights Bigger City" (feat. Wiz Khalifa) and "I Want You (Hold On To Love)" plus one extra track, written by Ross Golan, "Anyway". The new track, "Anyway", served as the album's sixth overall single and first Platinum Edition single.
Green recorded and wrote "Language of Love", for the Sex and the City 2 soundtrack. It was rumoured in mid-2010 that Green was working with Alien Ant Farm on a track slated for appearance on an upcoming album by the latter.[52] This was confirmed the following year,[53] however, the track failed to materialize, with Alien Ant Farm singer Dryden Mitchell stating he planned to do a cover of Easy Lover with Green, but Green never recorded his parts.[54]
2012–present: Upcoming works and autobiography[edit]
CeeLo Green performing with the Muppets at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree Lighting 2012
In March 2012, Green performed at a fundraiser for President Barack Obama, who attended.[55] He began singing "Fuck You" with the original lyrics, but then switched to the unprofane set of lyrics.[56] Green released the song "I Love Football" in September 2012, set to the tune of "Blitzkrieg Bop" by Ramones.[57] It was chosen by the National Football League as the theme song of Thursday Night Football 2013.[58]
On February 5, 2013, Green released the song "Only You", featuring Lauriana Mae, a contestant on P. Diddy's Starmaker. It is set to be on Green's upcoming fourth album,[59] tentatively titled Girl Power.[60] In the same month, Green kicked off his "CeeLo Green Presents Loberace" concert residency (or simply "Loberace").[61] Supposed to be unveiled at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino on February 21, 2013, the event was rescheduled to a later date due to a fatal shooting along the Las Vegas Strip where the resort is situated.[62] A few months later, on September 10, Green's autobiography Everybody's Brother was released.[63]
From June to August 2014, Green toured alongside Lionel Richie for his North American "All the Hits All Night Long" gig.[64][65] Green's new band the "Board Memberz" is led by musical director Printz Board and consists of: Timothy "Izo" Orindgreff, Lucy Graves, Jazelle Rodriguez, Ashley Dzerigan, Patty A. Miller, and Sojung "Liso" Lee.
In January 2015, Green released a concept mixtape with music derived from a variety of TV show theme songs, titled TV on the Radio.[66] Green's next studio album, Heart Blanche was released on November 6, 2015.[67] The lead single, "Robin Williams", named after and dedicated to the actor of the same name, was released on July 17, 2015.[68]
In December 2016 Green released a new song and video "F**ck Me I'm Famous" under the alias Gnarly Davidson.[69] Green attended the 59th Grammy Awards in character as Gnarly Davidson, for which he dressed in all gold complete with a face mask.[70] A couple days later Green released a new song and video called "Jay-Z's Girl" [71] The song is a reworking of Rick Springfield's "Jessie's Girl" with lyrics changed to be about his admiration for Jay-Z's wife Beyoncé.[72]
On July 14, 2017, Green performed at the opening ceremony of the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest.[73]
Acting career[edit]
Green, along with the rest of the Goodie Mob, had a cameo in the 1999 film Mystery Men, as a member of the Not So Goodie Mob, in which he was credited as "Thomas Burton aka Cee lo". He also has done voice acting work, voicing Prime Cut Miggity-Mo' Macdaddy Gizzabang Doggy Dog Dog on the Brak Show episode "Brakstreet" in 2002, Frank and Buddy Z Class of 3000's Christmas special and as Godzilla in the Robot Chicken episode "Squaw Bury Shortcake" in 2007, and Rev. Rollo Goodlove in the Boondocks episodes "The S-Word" and "The Hunger Strike" in 2008. In 2010, he appeared in T-Pain's Freaknik: The Musical as Light Skin.
On January 15, 2011, Green both acted and performed on NBC's Saturday Night Live hosted by Gwyneth Paltrow, who, in November 2010, covered his song "Forget You" on an episode of Glee.[74]
Green was one of the coaches for contestants on seasons one through three on the singing TV show The Voice.[75] He retired as a coach on the fifth season.[76]
October 11, 2011, Green also made a guest-star appearance in the NBC show, Parenthood—season 3 episode 6, "Tales From the Luncheonette".[77][78]
On August 14, 2011, Green appeared at WWE SummerSlam and performed both "'Bright Lights Bigger City", the official theme song for the event, and his hit "Forget You". On September 25, 2011, Green appeared as himself in a live-action/voice appearance and as the voice of a hot tub in the American Dad! episode "Hot Water".[79]
The following year, on February 5, Green appeared in the Super Bowl halftime show with Madonna. On March 31, 2012, Green appeared in the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards. On August 8 of that year, he played J.C. Carpenter in the TV Land sitcom The Soul Man, in the episode "J.C. Carpenter's Gospel Show". Ten days later, he guest starred in the Nickelodeon show How to Rock in the episode "How to Rock Cee Lo". That year, he also lent his voice to the animated feature Hotel Transylvania as Murray the Mummy.
On September 6, 2012, NBC said Green would star in and serve as executive producer of a family comedy on the network.[80]
On February 28, 2013, he appeared as himself in the sitcom Anger Management, in the episode "Charlie & Cee Lo". The same year, he appeared in the film Begin Again.[81]
Green performed at the Singapore Social Star Awards from May 23, 2013, to May 24, 2013.[82]
On June 23, 2014, Green premiered his new reality-based docu-comedy television series CeeLo Green's The Good Life on TBS, in which he appears with the other members of Goodie Mob. On September 6, 2014, TBS announced that they were canceling the show in the wake of Green's controversial comments on the nature of rape.[83]
Other ventures[edit]
Managed by Primary Wave Entertainment, Green has endorsed various brands, including 7 Up, M&M's and Duracell.[84] Green owns part of the sake brand TY KU and the company has collaborated with him on a few business ventures,[85] including a commercial promoting the brand, dubbed the "first national sake commercial" in the United States.[86] In 2011, it was estimated by a New York Times reporter that Green earned some US$20 million dollars, predominantly from the endorsement deals, in that year alone.[84]
Personal life[edit]
CeeLo Green has described himself as having been a "goon" in his youth, as well as a "kleptomaniac, pyromaniac, just plain maniac".[87]
Green was married to Christina Johnson, and divorced in 2005. He and Johnson have a son, Kingston, who was born on September 30, 2000, and Green was stepfather to her daughters, Sierra and Kalah. Sierra appeared on the MTV show My Super Sweet 16 for her 15th birthday party.[88][89]
Legal troubles[edit]
On October 30, 2012, Green was accused of sexual battery by a woman with whom he had dined at a Los Angeles restaurant,[90][91] leading to a nearly year-long investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department.[92] On October 21, 2013, Green pleaded not guilty to a felony charge of furnishing a controlled substance after the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office declined to file a charge of rape of an intoxicated person, citing insufficient evidence.[93] On August 29, 2014, Green pleaded no contest to one felony count of furnishing ecstasy and was sentenced to three years' formal probation, 360 hours of community service, and ordered to complete 52 Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings.[94]
Controversies[edit]
At the April 2011 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Green had his set cut off while performing, and then stormed off stage.[95] CeeLo had arrived 25 minutes late, performed five songs, including "Fuck You" and Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy". His set was scheduled to end at 5:40 p.m. At 5:44, as he was apologizing for being late due to air travel delays, the audio from his microphone was cut off.[96] He then stormed off stage amid boos.[97]
On June 16, 2011, journalist Andrea Swensson of City Pages negatively reviewed one of Green's performances, writing that it "failed to measure up to the fun factor of his recorded material. Green spent most of the set stationed in front of a microphone at the center of the stage, barely moving an inch while he sang and flanked by two forgettable back-up singers and a DJ that was all but hidden behind a giant LCD display".[98] In response, the following day Green tweeted "I respect your criticism but be fair! People enjoyed last night! I'm guessing ur gay? And my masculinity offended u? well fuck U!"[99] Green promptly received angered responses from some of his followers on Twitter, to which he replied "Apologies gay community! what was homophobic about that?"[100] In a subsequent interview with magazine Us Weekly, Green stated that his comments were meant in good fun, adding that "I am not harboring any sort of negative feeling toward the gay community" and that "I am one of the most liberal artists that I think you will ever meet, and I pride myself on that."[101]
On December 31, 2011, Green sang John Lennon's "Imagine" just prior to the ball drop for New Year's Eve at New York City's Times Square. In his rendition, Green replaced the line "and no religion, too" with the words "and all religions true".[102] Many saw this as a substantial revision of the meaning behind Lennon's original lyrics.[102] Shortly after the performance, Green responded via Twitter: "Yo I meant no disrespect by changing the lyric guys! I was trying to say a world where u could believe what u wanted that's all".[103] Green deleted a series of tweets pertaining to this event shortly thereafter.[104]
On August 31, 2014 Green was criticised for tweets relating to his sexual battery court case. Two of his specific tweets regarding rape were "People who have really been raped REMEMBER!!!" and "If someone is passed out they're not even WITH you consciously! so WITH Implies consent". After sending a number of tweets on the topic of rape, he temporarily deactivated his Twitter account. He re-activated it a number of hours later, tweeting the following apology: "I truly and deeply apologize for the comments attributed to me on Twitter. Those comments were idiotic, untrue and not what I believe."[105]
In 2016 a Security Cam in his home studio, showed a Cell phone exploding in his ear, clip went viral on the internet, some media interpreted the facebook "im alive and well" as a fake video,[106][107] original security video footage showing the incident was erased form his intagram account, [108] the apology on facebook is Not clear if the video is a publicity stunt "fake" or if its true. [109][110]
Discography[edit]
Main article: CeeLo Green discography
See also: Goodie Mob discography and Gnarls Barkley discography
Goodie Mob albums
Soul Food (1995)
Still Standing (1998)
World Party (1999)
Age Against the Machine (2013)
Gnarls Barkley albums
St. Elsewhere (2006)
The Odd Couple (2008)
Solo albums
Cee-Lo Green and His Perfect Imperfections (2002)
Cee-Lo Green... Is the Soul Machine (2004)
The Lady Killer (2010)
Cee Lo's Magic Moment (2012)
Heart Blanche (2015)
Awards and nominations[edit]
See also: List of awards and nominations received by CeeLo Green
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Not counting his appearance as a non-competition performer on the sixteenth episode of the fourth season.[5]
Citations
^ Jump up to: a b "Cee Lo Green Artistfacts". www.songfacts.com.
Jump up ^ "Singer CeeLo Green Charged" (PDF) (Press release). Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. October 21, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013. Green, 38 (dob 5-30-75)....
Jump up ^ "I'm a granddad at 35,' Gnarls Barkley star Cee Lo Green celebrates daughter's new baby". December 3, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2015. But Gnarls Barkley's Cee Lo Green has revealed he is a grandfather at the age of 35 , Callaway states he was 35 in December 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Cohen, Noam (August 30, 2010). "A Hit Song on YouTube, Unnameable on the Radio". The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "CeeLo Green and Juliet Simms: "Only You"". NBC. Archived from the original on December 14, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chang, Jeff (April 6, 2008). "First Came Crazy, Now Comes Odd". The New York Times. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Turns 'Forget You' Into 'Thank You'". CeeLoGreen.com (official site). May 9, 2011. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011. It's a very noble cause, and I connect with it very, very personally because my mother was a fireman as well — one of the first black female firemen in Atlanta, Georgia, so quite a historic accomplishment.
Jump up ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (May 9, 2011). "Cee Lo adapts 'Forget You' for ode to firefighters. Now this is a tribute!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.nme.com/news/music/cee-lo-green-16-1232386
Jump up ^ rollingstone.com "The Acid Nerd Gangsters" (reprint of an interview originally published in Rolling Stone), published August 9, 2006
Jump up ^ Cee Lo Distilled Part 1, YouTube Mini Documentary released June 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Birchmeier, Jason. "allmusic Biography". Allmusic.com. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Jeff Benjamin (October 22, 2013). "TLC Reflect on No. 1 Hit "Waterfalls," Detail Cee Lo's Involvement – Exclusive Interview". Fuse.tv. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bush, John (December 21, 1999). "World Party – Allmusic". Allmusic.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (December 2005). "Quick Cuts – Reviews". Spin. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Watson 2013, p. 43.
Jump up ^ Watson 2013, p. 44.
Jump up ^ Watson 2013, p. 45.
Jump up ^ Goetz, Thomas (November 2004). "Sample the Future". Wired.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn (April 15, 2007). The Billboard Albums: Includes Every Album That Made the Billboard 200 Chart. Record Research Incorporated. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-89820-166-6.
Jump up ^ SPIN Media LLC (February 2007). SPIN. SPIN Media LLC. pp. 83–. ISSN 0886-3032.
Jump up ^ "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Apple iTunes. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Cook 2012, p. 37.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo's Viral Hit: Blunt and Sweet".
Jump up ^ "RIAA Gold & Platinum – Cee Lo". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Hitlisten.NU – 12.11.2010". Hitlisten.NU. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA): Gold & Platinum – December 2010". Canadian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on August 23, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Latest Gold / Platinum Singles". RadioScope – Media Sauce Ltd. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2010 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (October 2, 2010). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 3. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Mistry, Anupa (November 29, 2010). "Cee Lo Green". Exclaim!.
Jump up ^ "British Phonographic Industry search results". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Taratata N°369". Taratata. Air Productions. September 21, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Live from Wembley Arena". 1Xtra. BBC. September 25, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Series 37, Episode 4". Later... with Jools Holland. BBC. October 8, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee-Lo Green Session". 1Xtra. BBC. October 26, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo in the Live Lounge". Live Lounge. BBC. November 3, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Late Show with David Letterman". November 8, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Lizzy (November 12, 2010). "Cee-Lo Rocks Some Nasty Sh*t at New York City Party". Spin. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ D. O’Garro, Felicia (November 12, 2010). "Cee Lo Green lights up New York City". Rap-Up. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gwyneth Paltrow hosts Saturday Night Live with musical guest Cee Lo Green!". Saturday Night Live. NBC. January 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 10, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ David, Valerie (January 18, 2011). "Gwyneth Paltrow & Cee Lo Green Are Game for Anything on 'Saturday Night Live'". Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Video: Cee Lo Green Lights Up 'Jimmy Kimmel Live!'". Rap-Up. February 28, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green Takes Flight With Gwyneth Paltrow and The Muppets". Celebrity Circuit. CBS News. February 13, 2011. Archived from the original on February 15, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Brit awards 2011: Stars walk the red carpet at O2 Arena". Newsbeat. BBC. February 16, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "WOW! At Paloma & Cee-Lo". February 16, 2011. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee-Lo added to Rihanna's 'Loud' tour". MSN News. Microsoft Corporation. February 18, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee-Lo Green Drops Out of Rihanna's LOUD Tour". Singersroom.com. June 25, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Halperin, Shirley (May 22, 2011). "Cee Lo's Flying Piano Explained". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cee Lo Green – The LadyKiller - CD. "Cee Lo Green – The Lady Killer (Platinum Edition) CD". TheHut.com. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Guest On Oakenfold Album". Billboard. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ Geist, Brandon (October 4, 2011). "Alien Ant Farm Announce First New Album with Original Lineup Since 2003". Revolver.
Jump up ^ "Alien Ant Farm's Dryden Mitchell Discusses Influences + More". Diffuser.fm. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Carla Caldwell, "Obama in Atl. Friday; Tyler Perry to host, Cee Lo to perform", March 16, 2012". Bizjournals.com. March 16, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Cee Lo Green Sings 'F*** You' at Obama Fundraiser", ''ABC News'', March 16, 2012". Abcnews.go.com. March 16, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green Wants In On The Football Anthem Action – News – American Top 40 With Ryan Seacrest". At40.com. August 17, 2012. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green to Record Song for NFL". Rolling Stone. August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green Professes Love to Lauriana Mae in 'Only You' Song Premiere – Music News – Rolling Stone". RollingStone.com. January 29, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lipshutz, Jason (March 15, 2013). "CeeLo Green Talks Las Vegas Residency, 'Girl Power' Solo Album". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Weatherford, Mike (February 22, 2013). "CeeLo Green unveiling 'Loberace'". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo postpones Vegas arrival amid Strip closure". Las Vegas Sun. February 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Wild, David (September 10, 2013). "'Everybody's Brother': A Brotherly Playlist For CeeLo's New Book". Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green". Warner. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Mansfield, Brian (May 29, 2014). "On the Road Again: Lionel Richie, plus hits on steroids". USA Today.
Jump up ^ "CeeLo Green's 'TV on the Radio' Project Surfaces Out of Nowhere: Listen". Billboard. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "CeeLo Green New Album 'Heart Blanche' Release Date Set by End of 2015: 'F*ck You' Follow-Up Arriving After Twitter Meltdown". Music Times. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green pays tribute to Robin Williams with new single". ew.com. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Simmons, Ted. "CeeLo Green Drops Video for "F*#k Me, I'm Famous" as Gnarly Davidson". XXL. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Roy, Jessica. "Who -- or what -- is CeeLo Green supposed to be? His alter ego, Gnarly Davidson". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Stutz, Colin. "CeeLo Green Shares Love Letter to Beyonce (a la Rick Springfield) With 'Jay-Z's Girl': Watch". Billboard. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Blisten, Jon. "Watch Cee Lo Green Praise Beyonce With Outrageous 'Jay Z's Girl'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Megvan, ki lép fel a vizes vébé nyitóeseményén". HVG (in Hungarian). July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken (January 16, 2011). "'Saturday Night Live' recap: Gwyneth Paltrow was country weak and comedy strong". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Green, Adam Levine Named Coaches of 'The Voice'". Broadcastingcable.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Usher, Shakira To Join NBC's 'Voice' in Spring". Associated Press. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (August 29, 2011). "Find Out Which Voice Coach Is Coming to Parenthood!". E! Online. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken (October 18, 2011). "'Parenthood' review: Cee Lo Green stole the spotlight from baby Nora". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fox Primetime". Fox Flash. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 6, 2012). "Cee Lo Green Set For NBC Family Comedy". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ phd_travel (July 11, 2014). "Begin Again (2013)". IMDb.
Jump up ^ Yang, June (April 23, 2013). "Aerosmith, PSY headline social media awards and concerts in Singapore". TODAY. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lyons, Patrick (September 6, 2014). "Cee-Lo Green Has Concerts, TV Show Cancelled In The Wake Of Rape Comments". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Sisario, Ben (December 26, 2011). "Cee Lo Green Strikes Gold, Without a Gold Album". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo, the 'Green' Behind Ty Ku". Los Angeles Times. April 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tejada, John (April 8, 2013). "Cee Lo Green Sips on Sake Singer-songwriter and entertainer stars in the first national sake commercial". Ad Week. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Parvizi, Lauren (March 25, 2011). "Cee Lo Green developed 'thick skin' from tough teen years". Sfgate.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Sherryl (September 8, 2013). "Cee Lo Green, who returns to 'The Voice' in two weeks, is out with a new memoir". Daily News. New York. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "My Super Sweet Sixteen - Sierra". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Accused of Sexual Battery Singer Calls BS". TMZ. October 30, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cee Lo Accuser Claims He Sexually Assaulted Her in Sushi Joint". TMZ. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Winton, Richard (October 21, 2013). "Cee Lo Green pleads not guilty to putting Molly in woman's drink". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Singer CeeLo Green Charged" (PDF) (Press release). Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. October 21, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013. Green, 38 (dob 5-30-75)....
Jump up ^ Serna, Joseph; Winton, Richard (August 29, 2014). "Cee Lo Green pleads no contest to giving woman Ecstasy, avoids jail". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ LALATE (April 17, 2011). "Cee Lo Green Coachella Performance Cut Short, Leaves Stage".
Jump up ^ "04:08 PM ET Coachella Day 1: Cee Lo gets unplugged – and not by choice". CNN. April 16, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Maxwell, Allison (April 17, 2011). "Cee Lo Green's set cut short at Coachella". USA Today. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Swensson, Andrea (June 17, 2011). "Rihanna and Cee Lo Green at the Target Center, 6/16/11 – Minneapolis Music – Gimme Noise". Blogs.citypages.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Pictures of 20 funniest music feuds of 2011 – Photos". Nme.Com. July 28, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ LGBTQ Nation (June 19, 2011). "Cee Lo Green's homophobic tweet: 'I shouldn't have to apologize' – LGBTQ Nation". Lgbtqnation.com. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Voice's Cee Lo Green Addresses "Homophobic" Tweet Controversy". UsMagazine.com. June 18, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Sung at 11:57 p.m. as per video at Serpe, Gina (January 3, 2012). "Imagine All the Scandal: Cee Lo Tweets, Then Deletes, Apology After Changing John Lennon Lyrics". E! Online. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hemant Mehta. "That's Not How the Song Goes, Cee Lo…".
Jump up ^ Huffington Post (January 1, 2012). "Cee Lo Green Changes 'Imagine' Lyrics To 'All Religions' From John Lennon's 'No Religion'".
Jump up ^ "Cee-Lo Green: It isn't rape if the victim is unconscious". theguardian.com. September 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/watch-ceelo-green-fall-floor-9476168
Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/ceelo-green-mobile-phone-explode-publicity-stunt-gnarly-davidson-a7482591.html
Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/p/BOICxMMBnrF/
Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/ceelogreen/videos/1202237339813551/
Jump up ^ https://www.instagram.com/p/BOJRuMygBy7/
Bibliography[edit]
Colleen Ryckert Cook (2012). Glee Club Style: Choosing Costumes, Makeup, Sets, and Props. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4488-6890-2.
Stephanie Watson (2013). Cee Lo Green: Rapper, Singer & Record Producer. ABDO Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-61480-862-6.
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Congressional oversight is oversight by the United States Congress over the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies. Congressional oversight includes the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.[1] Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. Oversight also occurs in a wide variety of congressional activities and contexts. These include authorization, appropriations, investigative, and legislative hearings by standing committees; specialized investigations by select committees; and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff.
Congress’s oversight authority derives from its “implied” powers in the Constitution, public laws, and House and Senate rules. It is an integral part of the American system of checks and balances.
Contents
[hide]
1 Report on the Organization of Congress
2 Congressional control of agencies
3 Principles
4 Purposes
5 Powers and prerogatives
5.1 U.S. Constitution
5.2 Statutes
6 Activities and avenues
7 Congressional Oversight Training
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Report on the Organization of Congress[edit]
Oversight is an implied rather than an enumerated power under the U.S. Constitution.[2] The government's charter does not explicitly grant Congress the authority to conduct inquiries or investigations of the executive, to have access to records or materials held by the executive, or to issue subpoenas for documents or testimony from the executive.
There was little discussion of the power to oversee, review, or investigate executive activity at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 or later in The Federalist Papers, which argued in favor of ratification of the Constitution. The lack of debate was because oversight and its attendant authority were seen as an inherent power of representative assemblies which enacted public law.[3]
Oversight also derives from the many and varied express powers of the Congress in the Constitution. It is implied in the legislature's authority, among other powers and duties, to appropriate funds, enact laws, raise and support armies, provide for a Navy, declare war, and impeach and remove from office the President, Vice President, and other civil officers. Congress could not reasonably or responsibly exercise these powers without knowing what the executive was doing; how programs were being administered, by whom, and at what cost; and whether officials were obeying the law and complying with legislative intent.
The Supreme Court of the United States has confirmed the oversight powers of Congress, subject to constitutional safeguards for civil liberties, on several occasions. In 1927, for instance, the Court found that in investigating the administration of the Justice Department, Congress was considering a subject "on which legislation could be had or would be materially aided by the information which the investigation was calculated to elicit".[4]
Congressional control of agencies[edit]
If Congress believes that an agency has drifted from its original mandate, Congress can respond in a number of ways. Congress can pass a law to overrule agency decisions, or to narrow the agency's jurisdiction. Congress can use its appropriations power to restrict the agency's funding. Congress can also narrow the agency's regulatory authority. For example, in the 1980s Congress narrowed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory discretion using detailed substantive criteria to limit EPA rulemaking.[5]
Principles[edit]
Underlying the legislature's ability to oversee the executive are democratic principles as well as practical purposes. John Stuart Mill, the British Utilitarian philosopher, insisted that oversight was the key feature of a meaningful representative body: “The proper office of a representative assembly is to watch and control the government”.[6] As a young scholar, Woodrow Wilson equated oversight with lawmaking, which was usually seen as the supreme function of a legislature. He wrote, “Quite as important as legislation is vigilant oversight of administration”.[7]
The philosophical underpinning for oversight is the Constitution’s system of checks and balances among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. James Madison, known as the “Father of the Constitution”, described the system in Federalist No. 51 as establishing “subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner that each may be a check on the other”.
Purposes[edit]
Oversight, as an outgrowth of this principle, ideally serves a number of overlapping objectives and purposes:
improve the efficiency, economy, and effectiveness of governmental operations;
evaluate programs and performance;
detect and prevent poor administration, waste, abuse, arbitrary and capricious behavior, or illegal and unconstitutional conduct;
protect civil liberties and constitutional rights;
inform the general public and ensure that executive policies reflect the public interest;
gather information to develop new legislative proposals or to amend existing statutes;
ensure administrative compliance with legislative intent; and
prevent executive encroachment on legislative authority and prerogatives.
In sum, oversight is a way for Congress to check on, and check, the executived directors
Powers and prerogatives[edit]
U.S. Constitution[edit]
Although the U.S. Constitution grants no formal, express authority to oversee or investigate the executive or program administration, oversight is implied in Congress’s array of enumerated powers.[8] The legislature is authorized to appropriate funds; raise and support armies; provide for and maintain a navy; declare war; provide for organizing and calling forth the national guard; regulate interstate and foreign commerce; establish post offices and post roads; advise and consent on treaties and presidential nominations (Senate); and impeach (House) and try (Senate) the President, Vice President, and civil officers for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Reinforcing these powers is Congress’s broad authority “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof”.
The authority to oversee derives from these constitutional powers. Congress could not carry them out reasonably or responsibly without knowing what the executive is doing; how programs are being administered, by whom, and at what cost; and whether officials are obeying the law and complying with legislative intent. The Supreme Court has legitimated Congress’s investigative power, subject to constitutional safeguards for civil liberties. In 1927, the Court found that, in investigating the administration of the Department of Justice, Congress was considering a subject “on which legislation could be had or would be materially aided by the information which the investigation was calculated to elicit”.[9]
Statutes[edit]
The “necessary and proper” clause of the Constitution also allows Congress to enact laws that mandate oversight by its committees, grant relevant authority to itself and its support agencies, and impose specific obligations on the executive to report to or consult with Congress, and even seek its approval for specific actions.
Broad oversight mandates exist for the legislature in several significant statutes.
The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (P.L. 79-601), for the first time, explicitly called for “legislative oversight” in public law. It directed House and Senate standing committees “to exercise continuous watchfulness” over programs and agencies under their jurisdiction; authorized professional staff for them; and enhanced the powers of the Comptroller General, the head of Congress’s investigative and audit arm, the Government Accountability Office (GAO).
The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-510) authorized each standing committee to “review and study, on a continuing basis, the application, administration and execution” of laws under its jurisdiction; increased the professional staff of committees; expanded the assistance provided by the Congressional Research Service; and strengthened the program evaluation responsibilities of GAO.
The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-344) allowed committees to conduct program evaluation themselves or contract out for it; strengthened GAO’s role in acquiring fiscal, budgetary, and program-related information; and upgraded GAO’s review capabilities.
Besides these general powers, numerous statutes direct the executive to furnish information to or consult with Congress. For example, the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-62) requires agencies to consult with Congress on their strategic plans and report annually on performance plans, goals, and results. In fact, more than 2,000 reports are submitted each year to Congress by federal departments, agencies, commissions, bureaus, and offices. Inspectors General (IGs), for instance, report their findings about waste, fraud, and abuse, and their recommendations for corrective action, periodically to the agency head and Congress. The IGs are also instructed to issue special reports concerning particularly serious problems immediately to the agency head, who transmits them unaltered to Congress within seven days. The Reports Consolidation Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-531), moreover, instructs the IGs to identify and describe their agencies’ most serious management and performance challenges and briefly assess progress in addressing them. This new requirement is to be part of a larger effort by individual agencies to consolidate their numerous reports on financial and performance management matters into a single annual report. The aim is to enhance coordination and efficiency within the agencies; improve the quality of relevant information; and provide it in a more meaningful and useful format for Congress, the President, and the public.
In addition, Congress creates commissions and establishes task forces to study and make recommendations for select policy areas that can also involve examination of executive operations and organizations.
There is a long history behind executive reports to Congress. Indeed, one of the first laws of the First Congress—the 1789 Act to establish the Treasury Department (1 Stat. 66)—called upon the Secretary and the Treasurer to report directly to Congress on public expenditures and all accounts. The Secretary was also required “to make report, and give information to either branch of the legislature...respecting all matters referred to him by the Senate or House of Representatives, or which shall appertain to his office.” Separate from such reporting obligations, public employees may provide information to Congress on their own. In the early part of the 20th century, Congress enacted legislation to overturn a “gag” rule, issued by the President, that prohibited employees from communicating directly with Congress (5 U.S.C. 7211 (1994)). Other “whistleblower” statutes, which have been extended specifically to cover personnel in the intelligence community (P.L. 105-272), guarantee the right of government employees to petition or furnish information to Congress or a Member.
House and Senate Rules Chamber rules also reinforce the oversight function. House and Senate rules, for instance, provide for “special oversight” or “comprehensive policy oversight”, respectively, for specified committees over matters that relate to their authorizing jurisdiction. In addition, House rules direct each standing committee to require its subcommittees to conduct oversight or to establish an oversight subcommittee for this purpose. House rules also call for each committee to submit an oversight agenda, listing its prospective oversight topics for the ensuing Congress, to the House Committee on Government Reform, which compiles and prints the agendas.
The House Government Reform Committee and the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, which have oversight jurisdiction over virtually the entire federal government, furthermore, are authorized to review and study the operation of government activities to determine their economy and efficiency and to submit recommendations based on GAO reports. In addition, House rules require that the findings and recommendations from the Government Reform Committee be considered by authorizing panels, if presented to them in a timely fashion.
Activities and avenues[edit]
Oversight occurs through a wide variety of congressional activities and avenues. Some of the most publicized are the comparatively rare investigations by select committees into major scandals or into executive branch operations gone awry.
Cases in point are temporary select committee inquiries into: China’s acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons information, in 1999; the Iran-Contra affair, in 1987; intelligence agency abuses, in 1975–1976, and the Watergate scandal in 1973–1974. The precedent for this kind of oversight goes back two centuries: in 1792, a special House committee investigated the defeat of an Army force by confederated Indian tribes.
By comparison to these select panel investigations, other congressional inquiries in recent Congresses—into the Whitewater controversy, access to Federal Bureau of Investigation files, White House Travel Office firings, and campaign financing—have relied upon standing committees.
The impeachment proceedings against President Bill Clinton in 1998 in the House and in 1999 in the Senate also generated considerable oversight. The oversight not only encompassed the President and the White House staff, but also extended to the office of independent counsel, specifically its authority, jurisdiction, and expenditures. Although such highly visible endeavors are significant, they usually reflect only a small portion of Congress’s total oversight effort. More routine and regular review, monitoring, and supervision occur in other congressional activities and contexts. Especially important are appropriations hearings on agency budgets as well as authorization hearings for existing programs. Separately, examinations of executive operations and the implementation of programs—by congressional staff, support agencies, and specially created commissions and task forces—provide additional oversight.
Another avenue of oversight is a resolution of inquiry, which is a simple resolution making a direct request or demand of the President or the head of an executive department to furnish the House of Representatives with specific factual information in the Administration’s possession.[10]
Congressional Oversight Training[edit]
The CRS and the Project On Government Oversight, an independent nonprofit watchdog, train Congressional staff how to conduct effective oversight.
See also[edit]
Government Accountability Office (GAO) - assists Congressional oversight by monitoring the executive branch and reporting to Congress.
Congressional oversight hearings
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kaiser FM. (2001). Congressional Oversight. CRS Report for Congress 97-936, 2001 Updated 2012 version: Halchin LE. (2012). Congressional Oversight.
Jump up ^ Final Report of the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress - Congressional Oversight Archived 2006-11-30 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress (December 1993). "Organization of the Congress – Congressional Oversight". house.gov.
Jump up ^ "McGrain v. Daugherty". Oyez.org. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Congress, The Supreme Court, and the quiet revolution in administrative law, 1988 Duke Law Journal 819.
Jump up ^ John Stuart Mill, Considerations on Representative Government (London: Parker, Son, and Bourn, 1861), p. 104.
Jump up ^ Woodrow Wilson, Congressional Government (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885), p. 297.
Jump up ^ Article I, Sec. 8 and Article II, Secs. 2 and 4.
Jump up ^ McGrain v. Daugherty, 273 U.S. 135, 177 (1927); see also Watkins v. United States, 354 U.S. 178, 187 (1957), and Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109, 111 (1959).
Jump up ^ Davis, Christopher M. (November 9, 2017). Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2017 (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Much of the content in this article was excerpted from CRS Report for Congress 97-936, 2001.
External links[edit]
CRS Congressional Oversight Manual (PDF)
CRS Report for Congress 97-936, 2001 (PDF)
Updated January 3, 2006
Final Report of the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, 1993
Congressional Oversight
The General Principles of Congressional Oversight, House Committee on Rules
Project On Government Oversight Congressional Oversight Training Series
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