text:
Drunk History
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For the UK version of the show, see Drunk History (UK TV series).
Drunk History
Genre
Television comedy
Created by
Derek Waters
Directed by
Jeremy Konner
Presented by
Derek Waters
Starring
Bennie Arthur
Tim Baltz
Maria Blasucci
Mort Burke
Sarah Burns
Craig Cackowski
Michael Cassady
Michael Coleman
Aasha Davis
Tymberlee Hill
Adam Nee
JT Palmer
Music by
Dan Gross
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
44 (and 2 specials) (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Derek Waters
Jeremy Konner
Will Ferrell
Adam McKay
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
Gary Sanchez Productions
Funny or Die
Konner Productions
34
Release
Original network
Comedy Central
Picture format
16:9 HDTV
Original release
July 9, 2013 (2013-07-09) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Drunk History (UK)
External links
Website
Drunk History is an American television comedy series produced by Comedy Central, based on the Funny or Die web series created by Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner in 2007.[1] In each episode, an inebriated narrator, who is played by a comedian joined by host Waters, struggles to recount an event from history, while actors enact the narrator's anecdotes and also lip sync the dialogue.
The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9, 2013.[2] It was renewed for a fifth season that premiered on January 23, 2018.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Episodes
3 International versions
4 Accolades
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
The series premiered on Comedy Central on July 9, 2013,[2] and its second season premiered on July 1, 2014. Will Ferrell and Adam McKay are among the show's executive producers.
In addition to creator Derek Waters and celebrity guest stars, the show's additional characters are played by regulars Bennie Arthur, Tim Baltz, Mort Burke, Sarah Burns, Maria Blasucci, Craig Cackowski, Michael Cassady, Michael Coleman, Tymberlee Hill, Adam Nee, and Jeremy J. Tutson.
On January 13, 2017, Comedy Central renewed the show for a fifth season.[4] It premiered on January 23, 2018.[3]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Drunk History episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Web series 7 January 22, 2008 (2008-01-22) December 19, 2010 (2010-12-19)
1 8 July 9, 2013 (2013-07-09) August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)
2 10 July 1, 2014 (2014-07-01) September 2, 2014 (2014-09-02)
3 13 September 1, 2015 (2015-09-01) November 24, 2015 (2015-11-24)
4 10 September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27) December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)[5]
5 14 January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)[6] TBA
Specials 2 November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08) November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
International versions[edit]
Since January 12, 2015, a British version of Drunk History has been broadcast on Comedy Central's UK channel. A Latin American version called Drunk History: El lado borroso de la historia is presented by Eugenio Derbez. The Hungarian version titled Tömény történelem started airing on October 24, 2016 on Comedy Central Hungary.[7] A Brazilian version hosted by Danilo Gentili, called Drunk History Brasil: o Lado Embriagado da História, will be broadcast on SBT as a segment of The Noite com Danilo Gentili in 2017.[8] Comedy Central Brasil will broadcast the show separated from The Noite.[8]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2014 2013 American Society of Cinematographers Awards Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Half-Hour Episodic Series Blake McClure (for "Detroit") Won [9]
2015 41st People's Choice Awards Favorite Sketch Comedy TV Show Drunk History Nominated [10]
67th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Variety Sketch Series Drunk History Nominated [11]
Outstanding Costumes for a Variety Program or a Special Christina Mongini (for "Hollywood") Won
2016 68th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Variety Sketch Series Drunk History Nominated [12]
Outstanding Picture Editing for Variety Programming Jody McVeigh-Schultz (for "Inventors") Nominated
Outstanding Production Design for a Variety, Nonfiction, Reality or Reality-Competition Series Rachel Robb Kondrath, Kellie Jo Tinney (for "New Jersey") Nominated
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Variety Sketch Series Drunk History Nominated [13]
Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series Derek Waters and Jeremy Konner
(for "Hamilton") Nominated
Outstanding Picture Editing for Variety Programming Aaron Morris (for "Bar Fights") Nominated
Outstanding Production Design for a Variety, Nonfiction, Reality or Reality-Competition Series Chloe Arbiture, Monica Soto, Rae Deslich (for "Hamilton") Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Drunk History Channel". Funny Or Die.
^ Jump up to: a b "Drunk History". July 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (28 November 2017). "Comedy Central Unveils 'Drunk History' Season 5 Trailer & Premiere Date; 'Another Period' Return Set". Deadline. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Comedy Central orders another round of Drunk History". January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Drunk History". Zap2it. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (28 November 2017). "Comedy Central Unveils 'Drunk History' Season 5 Trailer & Premiere Date; 'Another Period' Return Set". Deadline. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Részeg hírességek mesélik el a magyar történelmet a Comedy Central új műsorában". hvg.hu. October 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Viacom e SBT se unem por humor" (in Portuguese). Meio&Mensagem. February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Society of Cinematographers Reveals Feature Film Nominees". Archived from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Toomey, Alyssa (November 4, 2014). "Jennifer Lawrence, Shailene Woodley and Robert Downey Jr. Among People's Choice Nominees, Plus Find Out Who's Hosting!". E! Online. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Nominations 2015". Emmys.com. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Nominations 2016". Emmys.com. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Nominations 2017". Emmys.com. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Drunk History on IMDb
[show]
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Trigger Happy TV (2003)
TV Funhouse (2000–01)
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2010s debuts
@midnight with Chris Hardwick (2013–17)
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Kroll Show (2013–15)
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Why? with Hannibal Buress (2015)
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Sleepless in Seattle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sleepless in Seattle
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Nora Ephron
Produced by
Gary Foster
Screenplay by
Jeff Arch
Nora Ephron
David S. Ward
Story by
Jeff Arch
Starring
Tom Hanks
Meg Ryan
Music by
Marc Shaiman
Cinematography
Sven Nykvist
Edited by
Robert M. Reitano
Distributed by
TriStar Pictures
Release date
June 25, 1993 (1993-06-25)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$21 million[2]
Box office
$227.8 million[2]
Sleepless in Seattle is a 1993 American romantic comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Nora Ephron, based on a story by Jeff Arch. It stars Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, alongside a supporting cast featuring Bill Pullman, Ross Malinger, Rob Reiner, Rosie O'Donnell, Gaby Hoffmann, Victor Garber, and Rita Wilson. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $220 million worldwide.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Awards
5 Musical adaptation
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
After Chicago architect Sam Baldwin loses his wife Maggie to cancer, he and his eight-year-old son Jonah start a new life in Seattle, Washington, but Sam continues to grieve. A year and a half later, on Christmas Eve 1992, Jonah—who wants his father to find a new wife—calls in to a radio talk show. Jonah persuades a reluctant Sam to go on the air to talk about how much he misses Maggie. Hundreds of women from around the country who hear the program and are touched by the story write to Sam. One of the listeners is Annie Reed, a Baltimore Sun reporter who is engaged to amiable Walter but feels there is something missing from their cordial relationship. After watching the film An Affair to Remember, Annie impulsively writes a letter suggesting that Sam meet her on top of the Empire State Building on Valentine's Day. She does not intend to mail it, but her friend and editor Becky does it for her and agrees to send Annie to Seattle.
Sam begins dating a co-worker Victoria, whom Jonah dislikes. Jonah, a baseball fan, reads Annie's letter and likes that it mentions the Baltimore Orioles, but he fails to convince his father to go to New York to meet Annie. On the advice of his playmate Jessica, Jonah replies to Annie, agreeing to the New York meeting. While dropping Victoria off at the airport for a flight, Sam sees Annie exiting from her plane and is mesmerized by her, although he has no idea who she is. Annie later secretly watches Sam and Jonah playing on the beach together but mistakes Sam's sister for his girlfriend. He recognizes her from the airport and says "Hello," but Annie only responds with another "Hello" before fleeing. She decides she is being foolish and goes to New York to meet Walter for Valentine's Day.
With Jessica's help, Jonah flies to New York without his father's permission and goes to the Empire State Building searching for Annie. Distraught, Sam follows Jonah and finds him on the observation deck. Meanwhile, Annie sees the skyscraper from the Rainbow Room where she is dining with Walter and confesses her doubts to him, amicably ending their engagement. She rushes to the Empire State Building just moments after the doors to the down elevator close with Sam and Jonah inside.
In spite of the observation deck being deserted, Annie discovers a backpack that Jonah left behind. As she pulls out Jonah's teddy bear from the backpack, Sam and Jonah emerge from the elevator, and the three meet for the first time. On the advice of the elevator operator, Sam indicates they should go and offers his hand to Annie. The three then enter the elevator together before the door closes.
Cast[edit]
Tom Hanks as Sam Baldwin
Meg Ryan as Annie Reed
Bill Pullman as Walter
Ross Malinger as Jonah Baldwin
Rob Reiner as Jay
Rosie O'Donnell as Becky
Gaby Hoffmann as Jessica
Victor Garber as Greg
Rita Wilson as Suzy
Barbara Garrick as Victoria
Carey Lowell as Maggie Baldwin
David Hyde Pierce as Dennis Reed
Dana Ivey as Claire
Kevin O'Morrison as Cliff Reed
Caroline Aaron as Dr. Marcia Fieldstone
Hanks and Ryan had previously acted together in Joe Versus the Volcano (1990) and would later star together in You've Got Mail (1998) and Ithaca (2015). Julia Roberts and Kim Basinger were reportedly offered the role of Annie Reed, but both turned it down.[3][4]
Soundtrack[edit]
Sleepless in Seattle
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
June 15, 1993
Genre
Pop
Length
36:22
Label
Epic Soundtrax
Producer
Marc Shaiman
The film was originally to have been scored by John Barry, but when given a list of twenty songs he had to put in the film, he quit.[5]
"As Time Goes By" by Jimmy Durante – 2:28
"A Kiss to Build a Dream On" by Louis Armstrong – 3:01
"Stardust" by Nat King Cole – 3:15
"Makin' Whoopee" by Dr. John featuring Rickie Lee Jones – 4:09
"In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning" by Carly Simon – 3:16
"Back in the Saddle Again" by Gene Autry – 2:36
"Bye Bye Blackbird" by Joe Cocker – 3:30
"A Wink and a Smile" by Harry Connick, Jr. – 4:08
"Stand by Your Man" by Tammy Wynette – 2:41
"An Affair to Remember" by Marc Shaiman – 2:31
"Make Someone Happy" by Jimmy Durante – 1:52
"I'll Never Break Your Heart" by Backstreet Boys – 4:48
Source:[6]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Sleepless in Seattle opened theatrically on June 25, 1993 in 1,579 venues, earning $17,253,733 in its opening weekend, ranking second in the North American box office behind the third weekend of Jurassic Park.[7] At the end of its run, the film grossed $126,680,884 in the United States and Canada, as well as $101,119,000 internationally, for a worldwide total of $227,799,884.[2]
Critical response[edit]
The film received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 72% out of 45 professional critics gave the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.5/10.[8] On Metacritic, the film has a 72 out of 100 rating, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally positive reviews".[9]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times lauded, "Sleepless in Seattle is as ephemeral as a talk show, as contrived as the late show, and yet so warm and gentle I smiled the whole way through." He added:
The actors are well-suited to this material. Tom Hanks keeps a certain detached edge to his character, which keeps him from being simply a fall guy. Meg Ryan, who is one of the most likable actresses around and has a certain ineffable Doris Day innocence, is able to convince us of the magical quality of her sudden love for a radio voice, without letting the device seem like the gimmick it assuredly is.[10]
Vincent Canby of The New York Times similarly called it "a feather-light romantic comedy" and wrote, "It's a stunt, but it's a stunt that works far more effectively than anybody in his right mind has reason to expect. Not since Love Story has there been a movie that so shrewdly and predictably manipulated the emotions for such entertaining effect."[11]
Awards[edit]
The film received two nominations for awards in the 66th Academy Awards (held in 1994), but did not win either of them. It lost out to The Piano for Best Original Screenplay while the song "A Wink and a Smile" lost out to "Streets of Philadelphia" (from Philadelphia, another Tom Hanks movie) for Best Original Song. The film was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards: one for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy (Tom Hanks) another for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Meg Ryan) and a third for Best Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.
The film won four awards at different ceremonies. Ryan won the award for Funniest Actress in a Leading Role at the American Comedy Awards. At the 1994 Young Artist Awards, Malinger won the award for Best Actor Under Ten in a Motion Picture and the film itself won Outstanding Family Motion Picture for Comedy.[12]
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Won
66th Academy Awards Best Original Song "A Wink and a Smile" Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Nora Ephron, David S. Ward and Jeff Arch
48th BAFTA Film Awards Best Score Marc Shaiman Nominated
Best Screenplay Nora Ephron, David S. Ward and Jeff Arch
American Comedy Awards Funniest Actress in a Leading Role Meg Ryan Won
51st Golden Globe Awards Best Film – Musical or Comedy Nominated
Best Actor – Musical or Comedy Tom Hanks
Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Meg Ryan
1994 MTV Movie Awards Best Breakthrough Performance Ross Malinger Nominated
Best Female Performance Meg Ryan
Best Movie Song "When I Fall in Love" (Celine Dion and Clive Griffin)
Best On-Screen Duo Tom Hanks & Meg Ryan
Young Artist Awards Best Actor Under Ten in a Motion Picture Ross Malinger Won
Outstanding Family Motion Picture – Comedy
Musical adaptation[edit]
In 2009, development began on a musical version of Sleepless in Seattle. David Shor was announced as the musical's producer, with a book being written by Jeff Arch, Shor's longtime partner and original story writer for the motion picture. Leslie Bricusse was initially attached to the project, but withdrew due to "creative differences with the show's producer and director".[13] Michelle Citrin, Michael Garin and Josh Nelson were announced to be working on the music and lyrics, with Shor discovering Citrin via YouTube.[14] The musical was initially set to release in 2010,[15] with the premiere date later being moved to 2011 and June 2012.[16] In February 2012 Shor announced that the musical would not premiere until the 2012-13 season and that the show would "undergo a top-to-bottom overhaul" and would have a new creative team.[17][18] With a new score by composer Ben Toth and lyricist Sam Forman, the musical version premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in May 2013.[19] In 2015, producer David Shor teamed with British producer Michael Rose and announced that they plan to open the show together with a revamped creative team in London during the 2016-2017 season. In March 2016 the show was workshopped at the English Touring Theatre in London and both Shor and Rose declared the workshop a resounding success. Plans are underway for the casting and opening of the show.
See also[edit]
Film portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "SLEEPLESS IN SEATTLE (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. June 17, 1993. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sleepless in Seattle (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Great roles actors have turned down". Yahoo Movies. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kim Basinger's Big Regret Contact Music
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Sleepless in Seattle Soundtrack (complete album tracklisting)". SoundtrackINFO. 1993-06-15. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for June 25-27, 1993". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. June 28, 1993. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sleepless in Seattle". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sleepless in Seattle reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (June 25, 1993). "Sleepless in Seattle Movie Review (1993)". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent (June 25, 1993). "Review/Film; When Sam Met Annie, Or When Two Meet Cute". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Young Artist Awards (1994)". Retrieved 2016-01-15.
Jump up ^ Bricusse Withdraws from Sleepless in Seattle Creative Team Playbill
Jump up ^ David Shor unveils 'Sleepless' team Variety
Jump up ^ 'Sleepless In Seattle' becomes stage musical Digital Spy
Jump up ^ ‘Sleepless in Seattle’ Musical to Awaken at Pasadena Playhouse NY Times
Jump up ^ 'Sleepless in Seattle’ Musical Delayed NY Times
Jump up ^ ‘Sleepless in Seattle’ musical delayed in Calif.[dead link] Boston.com
Jump up ^ World Premiere of Sleepless in Seattle, With Tim Martin Gleason, Chandra Lee Schwartz, Joe West, Begins May 24 Playbill
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Sleepless in Seattle
Sleepless in Seattle on IMDb
Sleepless in Seattle at the TCM Movie Database
Sleepless in Seattle at Box Office Mojo
Sleepless in Seattle at Rotten Tomatoes
Sleepless in Seattle at Metacritic
Preceded by
Black Sunday by Cypress Hill Billboard 200 number-one album
August 21–27, 1993 Succeeded by
River of Dreams by Billy Joel
[hide]
v
t
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Nora Ephron
Film
Director
This Is My Life (1992)
Sleepless in Seattle (1993)
Mixed Nuts (1994)
Michael (1996)
You've Got Mail (1998)
Lucky Numbers (2000)
Bewitched (2005)
Julie & Julia (2009)
Writer
Silkwood (1983)
Heartburn (1986)
When Harry Met Sally... (1989, also produced)
Cookie (1989, also produced)
My Blue Heaven (1990, also produced)
Hanging Up (2000, also produced)
Producer
Strike! (1998)
Lucky Numbers (2000)
Plays
Imaginary Friends
Love, Loss, and What I Wore
Lucky Guy
Books
Heartburn (1983)
I Feel Bad About My Neck (2006)
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1993 films
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text:
I'm the One Mama Warned You About
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"I'm the One Mama Warned You About"
Single by Mickey Gilley
from the album Too Good to Stop Now
B-side
"You Can Lie to Me Tonight"
Released
January 28, 1985
Genre
Country
Length
2:50
Label
Epic
Songwriter(s)
Mickey James, Gayle Zeiler
Producer(s)
John Boylan
Mickey Gilley singles chronology
"Too Good to Stop Now"
(1984) "I'm the One Mama Warned You About"
(1985) "You've Got Something on Your Mind"
(1985)
"Too Good to Stop Now"
(1984) "I'm the One Mama Warned You About"
(1985) "You've Got Something on Your Mind"
(1985)
"I'm the One Mama Warned You About" is a song written by Mickey James and Gayle Zeiler, and recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley. It was released in January 1985 as the second and final single from his album Too Good to Stop Now. The song reached number 10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles chart[1] and number 10 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[2] 10
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 10
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mickey Gilley Billboard Singles
Jump up ^ "Mickey Gilley Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
hide
v
t
e
Mickey Gilley
Albums
Too Good to Stop Now
Invitation Only
Notable singles
"Room Full of Roses"
"I Overlooked an Orchid"
"City Lights"
"Window Up Above"
"Bouquet of Roses"
"Overnight Sensation"
"Don't the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time"
"Bring It On Home to Me"
"Lawdy Miss Clawdy"
"She's Pulling Me Back Again"
"Honky Tonk Memories"
"Chains of Song"
"The Power of Positive Drinkin'"
"Here Comes the Hurt Again"
"The Song We Made Love To"
"Just Long Enough to Say Goodbye"
"My Silver Lining"
"True Love Ways"
"Stand by Me"
"That's All That Matters"
"A Headache Tomorrow (Or a Heartache Tonight)"
"You Don't Know Me"
"Lonely Nights"
"Tears of the Lonely"
"Put Your Dreams Away"
"Talk to Me"
"Fool for Your Love"
"Your Love Shines Through"
"You've Really Got a Hold on Me"
"Too Good to Stop Now"
"I'm the One Mama Warned You About"
"You've Got Something on Your Mind"
"Your Memory Ain't What It Used to Be"
"Doo-Wah Days"
"Full Grown Fool"
"She Reminded Me of You"
"There I've Said It Again"
Guest singles
"Paradise Tonight" (with Charly McClain)
Related articles
Discography
Playboy Records
Epic Records
Jerry Lee Lewis
Jimmy Swaggart
Barbi Benton
Ray Charles
Gilley's Club
This 1985 country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_the_One_Mama_Warned_You_About&oldid=760805330"
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text:
U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Minimum legal drinking age as of 1969 (two years before the 26th Amendment was passed):
Minimum age is 21
Minimum age is 20
Minimum age is 19 and 21
Minimum age is 19
Minimum age is 18 and 21
Minimum age is 18
Minimum legal drinking age as of 1975 (when almost all states had their lowest age limit):
Minimum age is 21
Minimum age is 20
Minimum age is 19 and 21; see below
Minimum age is 19
Minimum age is 18 and 21; see below
Minimum age is 18
show
Detail on dual age limits
Both age limits apply for following states:
Washington, D.C.: The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Illinois: The legal drinking age is 19 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Kansas: The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2% ABW beer, and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor.
Maryland: The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
North Carolina: The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Oklahoma: The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2% ABW beer, and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor.
South Carolina: The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
South Dakota: The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2% ABW beer, and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor.
Virginia: The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Minimum legal drinking age as of 1983 (one year before the Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed):
Minimum age is 21
Minimum age is 20
Minimum age is 19 and 21
Minimum age is 19
Minimum age is 18 and 21
Minimum age is 18
The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.
As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.
From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century
Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6] 21 1975:
Lowered to 19[7] 1986:
Raised to 21[8] 21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)
Alaska
? 21[7] 1970:
Lowered to 19[9] 1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11] 21
Arizona
? 21[11] 1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13] 1985:
Raised to 21[8] 21
Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7] 21 21[14] 21[8] 21
California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18] 1933:
21[7] 21 21[8] 21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)
Colorado
None[11] 1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7] 18[19] Raised to 21 in 1987[8] 21
Connecticut
? 21[11] 1972:
Lowered to 18[20] 1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21] 21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]
Delaware
? 21[11] 1972:
Lowered to 20[13] 1984:
Raised to 21[8] 21
District of Columbia
? 18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24] 18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor 1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26] 21
Florida
? 18[7] 1980:
19[27] 1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[27] 21[28]
Georgia
? 21[11] 1972:
Lowered to 18[12] 1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14] 21
Hawaii
? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 18[13] 1986:
Raised to 21[8] 21
Idaho
? 20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31] 1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32] 1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33] 21
Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34] pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21[35] 1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36] 1980:
Raised to 21[37] 21
Indiana
? Post-1934:
21[7] 21[14] 21[8] 21
Iowa
? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38] 1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38] 21
Kansas
? 1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7] 18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19] 1985:
Raised to 21[8] 21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)
Kentucky
? 1938:
21[7] 21[14] 21[8] 21
Louisiana
? As of 1948:
18[13] 18[19] 1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41] 21 (Exceptions to state law include:[42]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)
Maine
? 21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20 1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][43] 1985:
Raised to 21[8] 21
Maryland
? 21[7] 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[44][45] 1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[8][46] 21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)
Massachusetts
? 21[11] 1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49] Raised to 21 in 1985[8] 21
Michigan
? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50] 1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered 21
Minnesota
? 21[11] 1973:
Lowered to 18 (June 1)
1976:
Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]
First state to raise age after lowering. 1986:
Raised to 21[54] 21
Mississippi
? 1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966) 18[19] Raised to 21 in 1986[8] 21
Missouri
? 1945:
21[7] 21 21[8] 21
Montana
? 21[11] 1971:
Lowered to 19[55]
1973:
Lowered to 18[56][57]
1979:
Raised to 19 1987:
Raised to 21[8][58] 21
Nebraska
? 21[59]
1969:
Lowered to 20 1972:
Lowered to 19[59] 1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14] 21
Nevada
? 1933:
21[7] 21 21[8] 21
New Hampshire
? 21[11] 1973:
Lowered to 18[60]
1979:
Raised to 20 1985:
Raised to 21[8][21] 21
New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63] 21[citation needed] 1973:
Lowered to 18[12] 1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][64] 21
New Mexico
? 1934:
21[7] 21[14] 21[8] 21
New York
21 18[65] 18 1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][66][67] 21
North Carolina
? 18[11] 18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor 1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26] 21
North Dakota
? 1936:
21[7] 21[14] 21[68] 21
Ohio
? 1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69] 18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor 1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[70]
1988:
21[14] 21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)
Oklahoma
? Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71] 1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]
Last state to lower the drinking age. 1983:
Raised to 21[11][73] 21
Oregon
? 1933:
21[7] 21 21[8] 21
Pennsylvania
? 1935:
21[7] 21 21[8][52] 21
Rhode Island
? 21[11] 1970:
Lowered to 18[12][74] 1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21] 21
South Carolina
21[75] 1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7] 18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor 1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8] 21
South Dakota
? 1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76] 1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13] 1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[58] 21
Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[77] 21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7] 1979:
Raised to 19 1984:
Raised to 21[8] 21
Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[78][79] 21[7] 1973:
Lowered to 18[80] 1981:
Raised to 19[81]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26] 21
Utah
? 1935:
21[7] 21[14] 21[8] 21
Vermont
? 21[7] 1971:
Lowered to 18[82][83] 1986:
Raised to 21[21][83] 21
Virginia
? 21[84] 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[84] 1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[84] 21
Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877[85] 21[citation needed] 21 21[8] 21
West Virginia
? 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11] 1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[86] 1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][43]
1986:
Raised to 21[8] 21
Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[87] 18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88] 1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[88] 1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88] 21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]
Wyoming
? 21[7] 1973:
Lowered to 19[13] 1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21 21
American Samoa
? ? ? 21? 21[91]
Northern Mariana Islands
– – ? 21? 21[92]
Puerto Rico
? 18 18 Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act. 18[93]
Virgin Islands
? ? ? 18 18[94]
Guam
? 21? 18 18 Raised to 21 in 2010[5]
Additional notes[edit]
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Johnson, Hunter. "Lowered Drinking Age of the 1970's | history 128 blog". History128.web.unc.edu. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
Jump up ^ Toomey, Traci L.; Nelson, Toben F.; Lenk, Kathleen M. (2009). "The age-21 minimum legal drinking age: a case study linking past and current debates". Addiction. 104 (12): 1958–65. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02742.x. PMID 19922564.
Jump up ^ Keen, Judy (2008-04-01). "States weigh lowering drinking age". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ramon Someros Oberiano Act" (PDF). 8 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Birmingham Iron Age: § 4205 Code of Alabama". bplonline.cdmhost.com. Birmingham Public Library. 1881. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "A Statistical Analysis of the Effects of a Uniform Minimum Drinking Age" (PDF). ntl.bts.gov. April 1987. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "MLDA21 Law Effective Data-NHTSA". Nhtsa.dot.gov. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
Jump up ^ "The Effects of Government Regulation on Teenage Vehicle Mortality, McCornac, 1982". Papers.ssrn.com. 2004-07-07. SSRN 304765  .
Jump up ^ "Petersburg Pilot, Petersburg, Alaska: NEW DRINKING AGE". Petersburg Public Library. October 19, 1983. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Miron, Jeffrey A.; Tetelbaum, Elina (2009). "Does The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Save Lives?". Economic Inquiry. 47 (2): 317–336. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00179.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e New York Times, December 4, 1972, "State Braces for Lowering Drinking Age to 18 Jan. 1" (NYT online archive)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h [1] link to fake reference (typical wikitrash)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r MINIMUM DRINKING AGE LAWS, 1990
Jump up ^ "Daily Alta California, Volume 42, Number 14092: SELLING LIQUOR TO MINORS". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1888. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Daily Alta California, Volume 42, Number 13780: Selling Liquor to Minors". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1887. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Daily Alta California, Volume 37, Number 12646: THE NEXT GRAND JURY". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1884. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "San Francisco Call, Volume 69, Number 144: NO LIQUOR FOR MINORS". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1891. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Behavioral Policies and Teen Traffic Safety on JSTOR". jstor.org.
Jump up ^ OLR Research Report-Lowering the Drinking Age, 2009. Cga.ct.gov. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e U.S. Department of Transportation final report (DOT HS 809 348) "Determine Why There Are Fewer Young Alcohol-Impaired Drivers," section III.B., "What happened: regional & state experience."
Jump up ^ "Chapter 545 - Liquor Control Act". Cga.ct.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "D.C. debate continuing on alcohol". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. UPI. September 29, 1966. p. 10C.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Bill filed to lower drinking age to 18". The Day. New London, CT. January 22, 1971. p. 9.
Jump up ^ "D.C. to get new drinking age". Lawrence Journal-World. Associated Press. September 24, 1986. p. 22.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Texas and North Carolina Raise Drinking Age to 21". New York Times. Associated Press. September 1, 1986.
^ Jump up to: a b "For Some, New Drinking Law Hard To Swallow". sun-sentinel.com. June 30, 1985. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
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Jump up ^ "Bills lower drinking age to 19 in Idaho". Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. March 18, 1972. p. 1.
Jump up ^ "Idaho gears for younger drinkers". Deseret News. UPI. June 26, 1972. p. 8C.
Jump up ^ "Idaho's legislature: Young jurors". Lewiston (ID) Morning Tribune. January 18, 1972. p. 3.
Jump up ^ "Taverns await new customers: age drops to 19". Lewiston Morning Tribune. June 30, 1972. p. 20.
Jump up ^ "Idaho drinking: new law will allow some under 21 to keep imbibing". Spokane Chronicle. April 10, 1987. p. 3.
Jump up ^ "The new Northwest. (Portland, Or.) 1871-1887, March 15, 1872, Image 4: The Illinois Temperance Law". oregonnews.uoregon.edu. University of Oregon Libraries. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chicago Daily Tribune, August 3, 1961, "Girl, 19, sues for right to have a drink" (ProQuest archive)
Jump up ^ Chicago Tribune, June 14, 1973, "Beer at 19 Signed by Walker." (ProQuest archive)
Jump up ^ "History of DUI Laws In Illinois", Illinois Secretary of State website
^ Jump up to: a b "State of Iowa Alcoholic Beverages Division, Historical Highlights". iowaabd.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bragg, Rick (1996-03-23). "Louisiana Stands Alone on Drinking at 18". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
^ Jump up to: a b AP (1996-07-03). "Louisiana Court Upholds Drinking Age of 18". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c [2] Exceptions to Minimum Age of 21 for Possession of Alcohol as of January 1, 2010, Alcohol Policy Information System
Jump up ^ http://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=78725
^ Jump up to: a b "Drinking ages set by the states". New York Times. June 27, 1984.
Jump up ^ The Years of the Rat. Magazine.loyola.edu (2009-08-18). Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
Jump up ^ Effects of Drunk Driving. Drivingdrunk.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Maryland increases drinking age to 21". Gettysburg Times. Associated Press. February 26, 1982. p. 3.
Jump up ^ "Legal drinking age going up". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. April 15, 1979. p. 16A.
Jump up ^ "Senate of Massachusetts Sets 19 as Drinking Age". New York Times. February 18, 1979.
Jump up ^ Hingson, RW; Scotch, N; Mangione, T; Meyers, A; Glantz, L; Heeren, T; Lin, N; Mucatel, M; Pierce, G (1983). "Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20". American Journal of Public Health. 73 (2): 163–170. doi:10.2105/AJPH.73.2.163. PMC 1650505  . PMID 6849474.
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^ Jump up to: a b Daily Collegian, March 16, 1979, "Pennsylvania drinking age follows national trend." (Penn State library ActivePaper online archive [3])
Jump up ^ Resources on Minnesota Legislative Issues, Legal Age in Minnesota, 2009. Leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
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Jump up ^ Platform plank: Dems want to lower drinking age to 18. Helenair.com (2008-07-27). Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b New York Times, March 10, 1987, "Drinking age is fiery issue in West" (ProQuest archive).
^ Jump up to: a b "Drinking Age History", Nebraska Liquor Control Commission
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Jump up ^ "Drinking Age of 21 Gains in Jersey". New York Times. June 11, 1982. Retrieved 2010-01-30. "New York will raise its legal age of 18 to 19 on Dec. 4.
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94. Citation for Wisconsin drinking law: https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/ise-atundrg.aspx
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