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Withnail and I
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Withnail and I
Original UK release poster
Art by Ralph Steadman
Directed by
Bruce Robinson
Produced by
Paul Heller
Written by
Bruce Robinson
Starring
Paul McGann
Richard E. Grant
Richard Griffiths
Music by
David Dundas
Rick Wentworth
Cinematography
Peter Hannan
Edited by
Alan Strachan
Distributed by
HandMade Films (UK)
Cineplex Odeon Films (US)
Release date
10 April 1987 (United Kingdom)
Running time
107 minutes[1]
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Budget
£1.1 million
Box office
$1,544,889 (USA)
£565,112 (UK)
A$103,117 (Australia)[2]
Withnail and I is a 1987 British black comedy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson. Based on Robinson's life in London in the late 1960s, the plot follows two unemployed young actors, Withnail and "I" (portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann) who live in a squalid flat in Camden Town in 1969 while squandering their finances on alcohol. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to a country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail's gay uncle Monty and drive there. The weekend holiday proves less recuperative than they expected.
Withnail and I was Grant's first film and launched him into a successful career. The film also featured performances by Richard Griffiths as Withnail's Uncle Monty and Ralph Brown as Danny the drug dealer. The film has tragic and comic elements (particularly farce) and is notable for its period music and many quotable lines. It has been described as "one of Britain's biggest cult films".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
4 Name of "I"
5 Reception
6 Legacy
7 Soundtrack
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
The film depicts the lives and misadventures of two unemployed young actors in late-1969 London. They are the flamboyant alcoholic Withnail and "I" (named "Marwood" in the published screenplay but not in the credits) as his relatively more level-headed friend and the film's narrator. Withnail comes from a privileged background and sets the tone for the friendship. They live in a filthy Georgian flat in Camden Town. Their only company at the flat is the local drug dealer, Danny.
The roommates squabble about housekeeping and leave to take a walk. In Regent's Park, they discuss the state of their acting careers and a possible country vacation, settling on a visit to Withnail's uncle Monty, who has a cottage near Penrith. After a near fight with a large and belligerent Irishman, they return home to prepare for their trip. They visit Monty that evening at his luxurious Chelsea house. Monty is a melodramatic aesthete and Marwood realises he is homosexual. The three briefly drink together as Withnail casually lies to Monty about his acting career and lies that Marwood went to Eton. Before leaving, Withnail arranges to borrow the cottage.
The countryside is beautiful, but the weather is cold and often inclement, the cottage is without running water or light, they have no food and the locals are unwelcoming – in particular a poacher, Jake, whom Withnail offends. They see Jake prowling around their cottage. Marwood suggests they leave for London the next day. Withnail in turn demands that they share a bed in the interest of safety, but Marwood refuses. During the night, Withnail becomes paranoid that the poacher is going to come after them and climbs under the covers with Marwood, who angrily leaves for a different bed. Hearing the sounds of an intruder breaking into the cottage, Withnail again joins Marwood in bed. The intruder turns out to be Monty, who has been stranded with a punctured tyre.
Monty has brought supplies and persistently comes on to Marwood. He offers to take them into town to get fitted into rubber boots, but they end up spending the money he gave them on drinks. Monty is hurt, though he puts it out of his mind quickly during a boozy round of poker. Marwood is terrified of what else Monty might try on him and wants to leave immediately. After much argument, Withnail insists on staying. Late in the night, Marwood keeps trying to evade Monty but he eventually corners him in the guest bedroom. Monty reveals that Withnail, when arranging to borrow the cottage, had told Monty that Marwood was a closeted homosexual and that he himself had rejected Marwood's advances. Marwood claims that Withnail is the closeted one and that the two of them have been in a committed relationship for years. He claims that Withnail is only rejecting him because Monty is around, and that this is the first night that they haven't slept together in years. Monty, a romantic, accepts this explanation and apologises for coming between them. In private, Marwood furiously confronts Withnail and insists that he will pay.
The next morning, Marwood finds that Monty has left for London, leaving a note of apology wishing them happiness together. They continue to argue about their behaviour and Monty. When Marwood receives a telegram about a callback from an earlier audition, he insists they return to London.
As Marwood sleeps, Withnail drunkenly speeds and swerves until pulled over by the police. Withnail is arrested for driving under the influence, and tries to falsify his urine sample. The pair return to the flat to find Danny and a stranger named Presuming Ed squatting there. Marwood calls his agent and discovers that he is wanted for the lead part in a play. The three, and Presuming Ed, get high smoking a huge cannabis joint. The celebration ends when Marwood learns they have received an eviction notice for unpaid rent, while Withnail is too high to care.
Marwood prepares to leave for the station, turning down Withnail's request for one last drink. In Regent's Park in the rain, Marwood confesses that he will miss Withnail, but does not allow him to accompany him further to the station. Bottle of wine in hand, Withnail declaims "What a piece of work is a man!" from Hamlet to an uncomprehending pack of wolves behind a fence in the London Zoo. The camera watches as he turns and walks away into the gloomy distance, swinging the bottle, as the credits start to roll.
Cast[edit]
Richard E. Grant as Withnail
Paul McGann as Marwood ("...& I")
Richard Griffiths as Uncle Monty
Ralph Brown as Danny
Michael Elphick as Jake
Eddie Tagoe as Presuming Ed
Daragh O'Malley as Irishman
Michael Wardle as Isaac Parkin
Una Brandon-Jones as Mrs Parkin
Noel Johnson as General
Production[edit]
The film is an adaptation of an unpublished novel written by Robinson in late 1969. Actor friend Don Hawkins passed a copy of the manuscript to his friend, the wealthy oil heir Moderick Schreiber in 1980. Schreiber, looking to break into the film industry, paid Robinson a few thousand pounds sterling to adapt it into a screenplay, which Robinson did in the early 1980s. On completing the script, producer Paul Heller urged Robinson to direct it and found funding for half the film. The script was then passed to HandMade Films. After he read it, George Harrison agreed to fund the remainder of the film.[4][5]
Robinson's script is largely autobiographical. "Marwood" is Robinson; "Withnail" is based on Vivian MacKerrell, a friend with whom he shared a Camden house, and "Uncle Monty" is loosely based on Franco Zeffirelli from whom Robinson received unwanted amorous attentions when he was a young actor.[6] He lived in the impoverished conditions seen in the film and wore plastic bags as Wellington boots. For the script, Robinson condensed four or five years of his life into two weeks.
The narrative is told in the first person by the character played by Paul McGann, named just once in passing in the film (see below) as Marwood, and only credited as "I".
Early in the film, Withnail reads from an article headlined "Boy Lands Plum Role For Top Italian Director" and then goes on to imply that the director is sexually abusing the boy. This is a reference to the sexual harassment that Robinson alleges he suffered at the hands of Italian director Franco Zeffirelli when, at age 21, he won the role of Benvolio in Romeo and Juliet.[7]
The end of the novel saw Withnail committing suicide by pouring a bottle of wine into the barrel of Monty's gun and then pulling the trigger as he drank from it. Robinson changed the ending, as he believed it was "too dark."[8]
According to Danny's speech at the end of the film, 'We are 91 days from the end of this decade and there's gonna be a lot of refugees'. This means the drug-addled scene after the pair return from Penrith occurs on Thursday 2 October 1969, six weeks after Woodstock and three days before the first broadcast of Monty Python's Flying Circus. It is not known if Robinson intended any significance by including such a specific date.
Denis O'Brien, who oversaw the filming on behalf of HandMade Films, nearly shut the film down three days into the shoot. He thought that the film had no "discernible jokes" and was badly lit.[9]
The film cost £1.1 million to make. Robinson received £80,000 to direct, £30,000 of which he reinvested into the film to shoot additional scenes such as the journeys to and from Penrith, which HandMade Films would not fund. He was never reimbursed his money after the film's success.[10]
Casting[edit]
Paul McGann was Robinson's first choice for "I", but he was fired during rehearsals because Robinson decided McGann's Liverpool accent was wrong for the character. Several other actors read for the role, but McGann eventually persuaded Robinson to re-audition him, promising to affect a Home Counties accent. He quickly won back the part.[11]
Actors who were considered for the part of "Withnail" included Daniel Day-Lewis, Bill Nighy and Kenneth Branagh.[9] Robinson claims that he told Richard E. Grant that "half of you has got to go", and put him on a diet to play the part[9][12] although Grant denies this in the 1999 documentary "Withnail and Us". The role of Withnail was Grant's first in film and launched him into a successful career.
Though playing a raging alcoholic, Grant himself is a teetotaller with a health condition preventing him from properly processing alcohol. He had therefore never been drunk prior to making the film. Robinson decided that it would be impossible for Grant to play the character without having ever experienced inebriation and a hangover, and thus "forced" the actor on a drinking binge. Grant has stated that he was "violently sick" after each drink, and found the experience as a whole deeply unpleasant.[13]
During the filming of the scene in which the lighter fluid is consumed, Robinson changed the contents of the can, which had been filled with water, to vinegar. While the vomiting is scripted, the facial expression is totally natural.[14]
Filming[edit]
Sleddale Hall, the location used as Monty's cottage. This photo dates from 2007. The hall was restored in 2011–2012.
The film was not shot entirely on location. There was no filming in the real Penrith, the locations used were in and around nearby Shap and Bampton. Monty's cottage, "Crow Crag", is actually Sleddale Hall, located near the Wet Sleddale Reservoir just outside Shap, although the lake that "Crow Crag" apparently overlooks is actually Haweswater Reservoir.
Sleddale Hall was offered for sale in January 2009;[15] a trust has been created by fans who wish collectively to purchase the building for its preservation as a piece of British film history. It was sold at auction for £265,000 on 16 February 2009. The starting price was £145,000. It was bought by Sebastian Hindley, who owns the Mardale Inn in the nearby village of Bampton, which did not feature in the film. Hindley was unable to raise the necessary finances and in August 2009 the property was resold for an undisclosed sum to Tim Ellis, an architect from Kent, whose original bid failed at the auction.[16]
The bridge where Withnail and Marwood go fishing is located at the bottom of the hill below Sleddale Hall, a quarter of a mile away. The telephone box where Withnail calls his agent is beside the main road in Bampton.[citation needed]
Hertfordshire
Although exterior and ground floor interior shots of Crow Crag were shot at Sleddale Hall, Stockers Farm in Rickmansworth was used for the bedroom and stair scenes. Stockers Farm was also the location for the "Crow and Crown" pub.
Milton Keynes
The "King Henry" pub and the "Penrith Tea Rooms" scenes were filmed in the Market Square in Stony Stratford, Milton Keynes at what is now the "Crown Inn" and Cox & Robinsons Chemists.
London
"The Mother Black Cap" pub in the film was in reality "The Frog and Firkin" pub in Tavistock Crescent, Westbourne Green. For some time after the film, it was officially called "The Mother Black Cap". It has since been demolished. Withnail and Marwood's flat was located at 57 Chepstow Place in Bayswater (W2). The shot of them leaving for Penrith as they turn left from the building being demolished was shot on Freston road (W11). The cafe where Marwood has breakfast at the beginning of the film is located at the corner of Ladbroke Grove and Lancaster Road. The scene where Withnail and Marwood are ordered to "get in the back of the van" was filmed on the flyover near John Aird Court, Paddington. The final scene was shot in Regent's Park. Uncle Monty's house is actually the West House, Glebe Place, Chelsea, SW3.
Shepperton Studios
Police Station interior was shot at the studios.
Name of "I"[edit]
"Marwood"? A telegram arrives at Crow Crag
Although the first name of 'I' is not stated anywhere in the film, it is widely believed that it is 'Peter'. This myth arose as a result of a line of misheard dialogue.[17] In the scene where Monty meets the two actors, Withnail asks him if he would like a drink. In his reply, Monty both accepts his offer and says "...you must tell me all the news, I haven't seen you since you finished your last film". While pouring another drink, and downing his own, Withnail replies that he has been "Rather busy uncle. TV and stuff". Then pointing at Marwood he says "He's just had an audition for rep". Some fans hear this line as "Peter's had an audition for rep", although the original shooting script and all commercially published versions of the script read "he's".
The "I" character's name is given as 'Marwood' in the original screenplay. It has been suggested that it is possible that 'Marwood' can be heard near the beginning of the film: As the characters escape from the Irishman in the Mother Black Cap, Withnail shouts "Get out of my way!". Some hear this line as "Out of the way, Marwood!", although the script reads simply "Get out of my way!".
There is, however, one occasion in the film where the name 'Marwood' is given, though not stated. Toward the end of the film a telegram arrives at Crow Crag and as Withnail reads the note, the name 'Marwood' appears to be visible, upside-down, on the envelope. 'I' is now widely accepted as 'Marwood', as this was the name that was used in the script of 'Withnail and I', but due to the fact that the story is told from Marwood's point of view, he is considered as 'I'. In the end credits and most media relating to the film, McGann's character is referenced solely as "...& I."
However, in the supplemental material packaged with the Special Edition DVD in the UK, McGann's character is referred to as Peter Marwood in the cast credits.
Reception[edit]
In 1999, the British Film Institute voted Withnail and I the 29th greatest British film of all time. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine saw it ranked the 15th best British film ever.[18] The line "We want the finest wines available to humanity, we want them here and we want them now", delivered by Richard E. Grant as Withnail, was voted the third favourite film one-liner in a 2003 poll of 1,000 film fans.[19]
The film had a UK gross of £565,112 and a US gross of $1,544,889. DVD and VHS sales have been quite strong throughout the years, and the film has gained cult status with a number of websites dedicated to the film itself. In 2000, readers of Total Film voted Withnail and I the third greatest comedy film of all time. In 2004 the same magazine named it the 13th greatest British film of all time. Withnail & I was 38th in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Films poll.
The film holds a 94% "fresh" rating, and an average rating of 8.5 out of 10 from critic website Rotten Tomatoes.[20] In August 2009 The Observer polled 60 eminent British film filmmakers and film critics who voted it the second best British film of the last 25 years.[21] The film was also ranked number 118 in Empire's 500 Greatest Films of all Time list. In 2009 critic Roger Ebert added the film to his "Great Movies" list, describing Grant's performance as a "tour de force" and Withnail as "one of the iconic figures in modern films."[22]
In 2007 a digitally remastered version of the film was released by the UK Film Council. It was shown at over fifty cinemas around the UK on 11 September, as part of the final week of the BBC's "Summer of British Film" season.[23] In 2011, Time Out London named it the 7th-greatest comedy film of all time.[24]
Legacy[edit]
There is a drinking game associated with the film.[25] The game consists of keeping up, drink for drink, with each alcoholic substance consumed by Withnail over the course of the film.[26][27] All told, Withnail is shown drinking roughly nine and a half glasses of red wine, half a pint of cider, one shot of lighter fluid (vinegar or overproof rum are common substitutes), two and a half shots of gin, six glasses of sherry, thirteen measures of Scotch whisky and half a pint of ale.[28]
In 2010, McGann said that he sometimes meets viewers who believe the film was actually shot in the 1960s, saying "It comes from the mid-1980s, but it sticks out like a Smiths record. Its provenance is from a different era. None of the production values, none of the iconography, none of the style remotely has it down as an 80s picture."[29]
Soundtrack[edit]
The film features a rare appearance of a recording by the Beatles, whose 1968 song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" plays as Withnail and Marwood return to London and find Presuming Ed in the bath. The song, which was written and sung by George Harrison, was able to be included in the soundtrack due to Harrison's involvement in the film, as one of the producers.[5]
There is a misheld belief among some fans of the film that King Curtis was murdered on the night his live performance of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was recorded.[30] Ralph Brown, in the audio commentary on some DVD issues, wrongly states that he was shot in the car park after the concert. Curtis was stabbed to death in August 1971, some five months after the recording was made in March 1971. The recording comes from Curtis's album Live at Fillmore West.[31]
"A Whiter Shade of Pale" (live) – King Curtis – 5:25
"Piano Sonata in B Flat Major, D960" - Franz Schubert, performed by Leslie Pearson
"The Wolf" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 1:33
"All Along the Watchtower" (reduced tempo) – Jimi Hendrix – 4:10
"To the Crow" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 2:22
"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" (live) – Jimi Hendrix – 4:28
"While My Guitar Gently Weeps" – The Beatles – 4:44
"Marwood Walks" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 2:14
"Monty Remembers" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 2:02
"La Fite" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 1:10
"Hang Out the Stars in Indiana" – Al Bowlly and New Mayfair Dance Orchestra – 1:35
"Crow Crag" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 0:56
"Cheval Blanc" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 1:15
"My Friend" – Charlie Kunz – 1:28
"Withnail's Theme" – David Dundas and Rick Wentworth – 2:40
See also[edit]
BFI Top 100 British films
British film
1987 in film
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "WITHNAIL AND I (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 27 March 1987. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
Jump up ^ IMDb: Box office for Withnail and I Retrieved 2013-04-28
Jump up ^ Russell, Jamie (October 2003). "How "Withnail & I" Became a Cult". BBC. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
Jump up ^ McManus, Thomas Hewitt. Withnail & I: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know but Were Too Drunk to Ask, Lulu.com, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Pirnia, Garin (19 March 2016). "13 Loaded Facts About Withnail and I". Mental Floss. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Peter. "Interview with Bruce Robinson". Archived from the original on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
Jump up ^ Film 4 review. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Owen, Alistair. Smoking in Bed: Conversations with Bruce Robinson. p. 128. Bloomsbury, 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Withnail and I in Camden". Time Out. Retrieved 10 May 2008.
Jump up ^ Owen, Alistair. Smoking in Bed: Conversations with Bruce Robinson. pp. 108–109. Bloomsbury, 2000.
Jump up ^ Owen, Alistair: "Smoking in Bed. Conversations with Bruce Robinson", page 109. Bloomsbury, 2000.
Jump up ^ "Withnail and I > Richard E. Grant". Withnail-links.com. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "The World According To Grant". 17 January 2003.
Jump up ^ "Withnail and I – Facts & Trivia".
Jump up ^ "Farmhouse from cult film for sale". BBC. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Wainwright, Martin (25 August 2009). "Some extremely distressing news: Withnail and I shrine falls through". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Hewitt-McManus, Thomas: "Twenty things you might want to know about Withnail & I", DVD insert. Anchor Bay, 2006.
Jump up ^ "The 100 best British films". Time Out. Retrieved 24 October 2017
Jump up ^ Michael Paterson (10 March 2003). "Caine takes top billing for the greatest one-liner on screen". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Withnail and I". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Observer Film Quarterly's best British films of the last 25 years". The Observer. London. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2009) Withnail & I Movie Review, 25 March 2009, retrieved 2 April 2014
Jump up ^ "BBC – The Summer of British Film – What's On". BBC. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "100 Best Comedy Movies". Time Out London. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Turner, Luke (15 July 2008). "Withnail and I comes of age". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Jonze, Tim (14 November 2011). "My favourite film: Withnail and I". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2011. I have to confess, I first heard about Withnail and I in terms of a drinking game – could you watch the film while matching the two lead characters shot for shot, pint for pint, Camberwell carrot for Camberwell carrot?
Jump up ^ "The Withnail and I Drinking Game". withnail-links.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ The Withnail and I Drinking Game, DVD featurette. Anchor Bay, 2006.
Jump up ^ Dixon, Greg (21 October 2010). "Paul McGann coming in from the cult". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Withnail Links – Soundtrack". Fan site. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Top 25 Movie Music Moments". clashmusic.com. 27 March 2011.
Further reading
Ali Catterall and Simon Wells, Your Face Here: British Cult Movies Since The Sixties (Fourth Estate, 2001)
Richard E. Grant, With Nails: The Film Diaries of Richard E. Grant (Picador, 1996)
Thomas Hewitt-McManus, Withnail & I: Everything You Ever Wanted To Know But Were Too Drunk To Ask (Lulu Press, 2006)
Kevin Jackson, Withnail & I (BFI, 2004)
Alistair Owen (editor), Smoking in Bed: Conversations with Bruce Robinson (Bloomsbury, 2000)
Bruce Robinson, Withnail & I: The Original Screenplay (Bloomsbury, 1995)
Maisie Robson, Withnail and the Romantic Imagination: a eulogy (King's England Press, 2010)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Withnail and I
Withnail & I on IMDb
Withnail & I at AllMovie
Withnail & I at Box Office Mojo
Withnail & I at Rotten Tomatoes
Withnail & I at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
Behind the scenes photographs by on-set photographer, Murray Close
List of Withnail and I resources
Withnail's Famous Coat Is Auctioned – The Guardian Newspaper
Criterion Collection essay by Bruce Robinson
Image gallery on BBC Cumbria
Filming Locations for Withnail & I
Withnail & I – 25 Years On
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Bruce Robinson
Withnail and I (1987)
How to Get Ahead in Advertising (1989)
Jennifer 8 (1992)
The Rum Diary (2011)
[show]
v
t
e
HandMade Films
Films
Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979)
A Sense of Freedom (1979)
The Long Good Friday (1980)
Time Bandits (1981)
Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1982)
Scrubbers (1982)
The Missionary (1982)
Privates on Parade (1982)
Bullshot (1983)
A Private Function (1984)
Water (1985)
Mona Lisa (1986)
Shanghai Surprise (1986)
Withnail and I (1987)
Bellman and True (1987)
The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1987)
Track 29 (1988)
Five Corners (1988)
The Raggedy Rawney (1988)
Checking Out (1989)
How to Get Ahead in Advertising (1989)
Powwow Highway (1989)
Cold Dog Soup (1989)
Nuns on the Run (1990)
The Wrong Guy (1997)
Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)
Manolete (2008)
Fifty Dead Men Walking (2008)
Planet 51 (2009)
Cracks (2009)
127 Hours (2010)
As distributor
Tattoo (1981)
Venom (1981)
The Burning (1982)
Television
Eloise: The Animated Series (2006)
See also
George Harrison
Denis O'Brien
Apple Films
Patrick Meehan
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Domenico di Michelino
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La commedia illumina Firenze on the wall of Florence Cathedral, Santa Maria del Fiore
Domenico di Michelino (1417–1491) was an Italian painter of the Florentine school and a follower of the style of Fra Angelico. He was born and died in Florence.
Michelino predominantly painted scenes from the Bible. His most famous work can be found on the west wall of Florence's "Duomo" (cathedral) Santa Maria del Fiore, including La commedia illumina Firenze ("The Comedy Illuminating Florence"), showing Dante Alighieri and the Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy). Along with Dante and the city of Florence, the work depicts Hell, Mount Purgatory, the earthly Paradise (with Adam and Eve) and the celestial spheres.
He took his name from his teacher, a carver in bone and ivory named Michelino. He was elected to the Compagnia di San Luca (painter's guild) in 1442 and joined the Arte dei Medici e degli Speziali in 1444.
Sources[edit]
Web Gallery of Art biography
World of Dante Multimedia website that features Domenico di Michelino's painting with interactive features.
External links[edit]
Italian Paintings: Florentine School, a collection catalog containing information about di Michelino and his works (see pages: 105-106).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Domenico di Michelino.
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 95797850
LCCN: nr91029224
ISNI: 0000 0000 7105 3389
GND: 123527147
SUDOC: 158055667
ULAN: 500018988
RKD: 23611
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domenico_di_Michelino&oldid=743933506"
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List of Premier League goalkeepers with 100 or more clean sheets
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In association football a goalkeeper may be said to "keep a clean sheet" if they prevent their opponents scoring any goals during an entire match.
Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 14 goalkeepers have managed to keep 100 or more clean sheets in the Premier League.
During the 1997–98 season, Peter Schmeichel became the first player to keep 100 Premier League clean sheets.
Petr Čech holds the record for most clean sheets kept in a single season, with 24.[1] The record for consecutive clean sheets was also set by Čech, who became the first goalkeeper to keep ten consecutive clean sheets; Edwin van der Sar later eclipsed this when he went 14 games without conceding in 2008–09 for Manchester United.[2]
The first goalkeepers to keep a clean sheet in the Premier League were Tim Flowers and Erik Thorstvedt on the opening day of the inaugural season in a 0–0 draw between Southampton and Tottenham Hotspur; all other goalkeepers conceded that day.
Each year the goalkeeper who has kept the most clean sheets during the Premier League campaign is awarded the Premier League Golden Glove award. First presented in 2004–05, six goalkeepers have won the award, with Joe Hart and Petr Čech holding the joint record for most wins at four.
Players[edit]
List of Premier League goalkeepers with 100 or more clean sheets
Rank
Player
Apps
Clean
sheets
Average
Club(s)
Ref.
1
Petr Čech
437 201 0.46 Chelsea (162), Arsenal (39) [3]
2
David James
572 169 0.30 Liverpool (72), Aston Villa (21), West Ham United (18), Manchester City (19), Portsmouth (39) [4]
3
Mark Schwarzer
514 151 0.29 Middlesbrough (92), Fulham (56), Chelsea (2), Leicester City (1) [5]
4
David Seaman
344 140 0.41 Arsenal (137), Manchester City (3) [6]
5
Nigel Martyn
372 137 0.37 Crystal Palace (25), Leeds United (82), Everton (30) [7]
6
Pepe Reina
285 134 0.47 Liverpool (134) [8]
7
Edwin van der Sar
313 132 0.42 Fulham (42), Manchester United (90) [9]
Tim Howard
399 132 0.33 Manchester United (16), Everton (116) [10]
Brad Friedel
450 132 0.29 Liverpool (6), Blackburn Rovers (77), Aston Villa (35), Tottenham Hotspur (14) [11]
10
Peter Schmeichel
310 128 0.41 Manchester United (112), Aston Villa (7), Manchester City (9) [12]
11
Joe Hart
322 124 0.38 Manchester City (109), Birmingham City (10), West Ham United (4), Burnley (1) [13]
12
Shay Given
451 113 0.25 Blackburn Rovers (1), Newcastle United (89), Manchester City (14), Aston Villa (9) [14]
13
Jussi Jääskeläinen
436 108 0.25 Bolton Wanderers (89), West Ham United (19) [15]
14
Thomas Sørensen
364 107 0.29 Sunderland (35), Aston Villa (46), Stoke City (26) [16]
(Bold denotes goalkeeper currently playing in Premier League)
(Italics denote goalkeeper currently playing outside the Premier League)
Statistics correct as of 12 August 2018.
Consecutives[edit]
Games
Player
Club
Dates
Season(s)
14 Edwin van der Sar Manchester United 22 November 2008 – 18 February 2009 2008–09
10 Petr Čech Chelsea 18 December 2004 – 15 March 2005 2004–05
8 Pepe Reina Liverpool 29 October 2005 – 28 December 2005 2005–06
8 Petr Čech Chelsea 31 January 2007 – 7 April 2007 2006–07
7 Neville Southall Everton 1 November 1994 – 17 December 1994 1994–95
7 Peter Schmeichel Manchester United 8 May 1997 – 30 August 1998 1996–97 and 1997–98
7 Paul Jones Southampton 13 January 2001 – 17 March 2001 2000–01
6 Alex Manninger Arsenal 31 January 1998 – 14 March 1998 1997–98
6 Petr Čech Chelsea 30 April 2005 – 17 September 2005 2004–05 and 2005–06
6 David de Gea Manchester United 2 February 2013 – 30 March 2013 2012–13
6 Joe Hart Manchester City 24 May 2015 – 19 September 2015 2014–15 and 2015–16
6 Fraser Forster Southampton 13 January 2016 – 13 February 2016 2015–16
6 Thibaut Courtois Chelsea 1 October 2016 – 26 November 2016 2016–17
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Petr Cech Statistics – 2004/05". premierleague.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "van der Sar record" 9 September 2013. Independent.
Jump up ^ "Petr Čech" 11 February 2014. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "David James" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Mark Schwarzer" 26 March 2015. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "David Seaman" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Nigel Martyn" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "José Reina" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Edwin van der Sar" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Tim Howard" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Brad Friedel" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Peter Schmeichel" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Joe Hart" 25 May 2015. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Shay Given" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Jussi Jääskeläinen" 26 March 2015. Premier League.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Sørensen" 9 September 2013. Premier League.
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text:
Sacramento McClellan Airport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with McClellan-Palomar Airport.
Coordinates: 38°40′04″N 121°24′02″W / 38.66778°N 121.40056°W / 38.66778; -121.40056
Sacramento McClellan Airport
IATA: MCC
ICAO: KMCC
FAA LID: MCC
Summary
Airport type
Private
Owner
McClellan Park
Operator
McClellan Jet Services
Serves
Sacramento, California
Elevation AMSL
77 ft / 23 m
Website
flykmcc.com
Runways
Direction
Length
Surface
ft
m
16/34 10,599 3,231 Concrete
Helipads
Number
Length
Surface
ft
m
H1 57 17 Concrete
H2 57 17 Concrete
H3 57 17 Concrete
H4 57 17 Concrete
Statistics (2004)
Aircraft operations
10,000
Based aircraft
84
Source: Federal Aviation Administration[1]
For the United States Air Force use of this faciity before 2001, see McClellan Air Force Base
Sacramento McClellan Airport (IATA: MCC, ICAO: KMCC, FAA LID: MCC) is a privately-owned public-use airport located six miles (10 km) northeast of the central business district of Sacramento (a city in Sacramento County, California, United States).[1]
The airport is on the former site of McClellan Air Force Base, which existed as a military base from 1939 to 2000. It was transferred to Sacramento County in 2000, as part of its conversion into McClellan Business Park, and was purchased by McClellan Business Park in October 2017. The airport is a public-use facility which operates as an uncontrolled airfield in what the FAA designates as Class "E" Airspace. The airport is mainly used for general aviation. Current airport tenants include Calstar, the California Department of Forestry, United States Coast Guard, Air Station Sacramento, Dassault Falcon, United States Forest Service, PODS, and the Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District. All ground handling and fueling is completed by McClellan Jet Services, a subsidiary of McClellan Business Park.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Facilities and aircraft
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
The air force base was established in 1935. It was named after Major Hezekiah McClellan on 1 December 1939, a pioneer in arctic aeronautical tests. Born in 1894, he died on 25 May 1936 when his Consolidated P-30 which he was flight testing, crashed near Centerville, Ohio.
Construction of the Pacific Air Depot began in 1935, and the main structures, including administrative buildings, barracks, warehouses and a hospital were completed on 18 April 1938. In 1938 the base was renamed Sacramento Air Depot and underwent a major expansion as a repair and overhaul facility for P-38 and P-39 fighter planes.
In December 1941, soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor, P-40s as well as Martin B-26 Marauder and Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers began arriving at the field to be armed and prepared for immediate shipment overseas. In March 1942 Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's B-25s arrived at McClellan for arming in preparation for their famous Tokyo raid.
The base was renamed McClellan Air Force Base in 1948 and its repair and overhaul mission continued throughout the Cold War as an installation of the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) and later the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), with the overhaul facility being known as the Sacramento Air Logistics Center.
Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, McClellan functioned as the main depot for overhauling the Air Force's F-111, FB-111 and EF-111 aircraft, as well as the Fairchild A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft. A small contingent of F-111D and F-111F aircraft of the 431st Test and Evaluation Squadron, 57th Fighter Weapons Wing, Nellis AFB, Nevada was also detached to McClellan.
Facilities and aircraft[edit]
McClellan Airfield has one concrete paved runway (16/34) measuring 10,600 x 150 ft. (3,231 x 46 m). It also has four concrete helipads, all measuring 57 x 57 ft. (17 x 17 m). For the 12-month period ending April 10, 2004, the airport had 10,000 aircraft operations, an average of 27 per day: 40% military, 40% air taxi and 20% general aviation. There are 84 aircraft based at this airport: 4% single-engine, 64% multi-engine, 23% jet and 5% helicopter and 5% military.[1]
The Aerospace Museum of California occupies a site at the north of the airfield.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c FAA Airport Master Record for MCC (Form 5010 PDF), effective 2007-10-25
External links[edit]
Bell P-39 Repair Line.
To step up its delivery of Speedy Bell P-39 "Airacobra" fighter airplanes to American pilots in the South Pacific, the Army Air Forces Air Service Command put American production line methods to work in its repair docks at McClellan Field, California. Two and one-half million dollars worth of airplanes were overhauled by civilian Air Service Command workers at Sacramento, California prior to being sent against the enemy.
McClellan Park
McClellan Jet Services, FBO (fixed-base operator)
FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective March 29, 2018
Aerospace Museum of California
Resources for this airport:
FAA airport information for MCC
AirNav airport information for KMCC
ASN accident history for MCC
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
SkyVector aeronautical chart, Terminal Procedures

This article about a California airport is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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The Real World: New York
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Real World: New York
The cast of The Real World: New York
Created by
Mary-Ellis Bunim
Jonathan Murray
Starring
Norman Korpi
Julie Gentry
Becky Blasband
Kevin Powell
Andre Comeau
Heather Gardner
Eric Nies
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
13[1]
Production
Running time
30 minutes
Release
Original network
MTV
Syndication
Original release
May 21 – August 13, 1992
Chronology
Followed by
The Real World: Los Angeles
The Real World (retrospectively referred to as The Real World: New York, to distinguish it from subsequent installments of the series) is the first season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It was created by producers Mary-Ellis Bunim and Jonathan Murray.
The cast consisted of seven people, ranging in age from 19 to 26, most of whom were already living in New York City when the series taped.[2] The cast was filmed living in a SoHo loft from February 16 to May 18, 1992,[3][4] The series premiered May 21 of that year. This is the first of three seasons to be filmed in New York City. In 2001, the show returned to the city in its tenth season, The Real World: Back to New York, and in 2008, set its twenty-first season, The Real World: Brooklyn,[5] in the borough of Brooklyn.
As the first season of one of the first series in what is now considered the reality television genre, The Real World: New York is sometimes credited with pioneering some of the conventions of the genre, including bringing together a group of participants who had not previously met, and the use of "confessional" interviews with participants to double as the show's narration (though in the first season, the confessional interviews were sparse and were not taped in a separate, private room, as would become common later).[2] Some, however, have credited an earlier series, the 1991 Dutch TV show Nummer 28, for these innovations.[6]
Contents
1 Production history
2 Critical reception
3 Cast
4 Cameo appearances
5 Episodes
6 After filming
6.1 The Challenge
7 References
8 External links
Production history[edit]
Co-op at 565 Broadway, where the season was filmed. The loft built for filming was on the second and third floors.
The Real World was originally inspired by the popularity of youth-oriented shows of the 1990s like Beverly Hills 90210. Bunim and Murray initially considered developing a scripted series in a similar vein, but quickly decided that the cost of paying writers, actors, costume designers, and make-up artists was too high.[2] Bunim and Murray decided against this idea, and at the last minute, pulled the concept (and the cast) before it became the first season of the show. Tracy Grandstaff, one of the original seven picked for what has come to be known as "Season 0",[citation needed] went on to minor fame as the voice of the animated Beavis and Butt-head character Daria Morgendorffer, who eventually got her own spinoff, Daria. Dutch TV producer Erik Latour claims that the ideas for The Real World were directly derived from his television show Nummer 28, which aired in 1991 on Dutch television.[6] Bunim/Murray decided upon the cheaper idea of casting a bunch of "regular people" to live in an apartment and taping their day-to-day lives, believing seven diverse people would have enough of a basis upon which to interact without scripts. The production cast seven cast members from 500 applicants, paying them $2,600 for their time on the show.[2]
The production discovered a nine-story, ten-unit residential co-op building at 565 Broadway, at the corner of Prince Street, in Manhattan's SoHo district, after much searching,[4] and converted the massive, 4000-square-foot duplex to be the residence and filming location.[2] Walls separating two adjacent apartments on the second and third floors were removed in order to form a single 4,000-square-foot (370 m2), four bedroom residence, and were renovated for the filming of the series. Production personnel, which included up to 13 people at one time, utilized a work space with a separate entrance.[4][7] The cast lived in the loft from February 16 to May 18, 1992. The series premiered three days later, on May 21, 1992.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
At the time of its initial airing, reviews of the show were mostly negative. Matt Roush, writing in USA Today, characterized the show as "painfully bogus", and a cynical and exploitative new low in television, commenting, "Watching The Real World, which fails as documentary (too phony) and as entertainment (too dull), it's hard to tell who's using who more." The Washington Post's Tom Shales commented, "Ah to be young, cute, and stupid, and to have too much free time...Such is the lot facing the wayward wastrels of The Real World, something new in excruciating torture from the busy minds at MTV." Shales also remarked upon the cast members’ creative career choices, saying, "You might want to think about getting a real job."[2]
Nonetheless, the series was a hit with viewers, and the initial seasons have come to be reassessed. Writing in 2011, Meredith Blake of The A.V. Club found the cast to be "ambitious, articulate, and thoughtful". Though she conceded that nearly all of the cast were pursuing careers as performers, and thus had ulterior motives for appearing on the show, she found their motivations "relatively noble" compared to that of later participants in reality TV shows, many of whom wanted simply to become famous by appearing on TV. She wrote that later seasons of The Real World had become "too much to bear" after "cast members figured out that the best way to get screen time was to act out - not to sit around having freshman dorm-room-style conversations about race relations." She wrote that, by contrast to more recent examples of reality TV, "The Real World: New York now seems incredibly, achingly earnest, bracingly raw, and sweetly idealistic."[2]
Cast[edit]
Cast Member
Age1
Hometown
Biography
Rebecca "Becky" Blasband[8] 24[9] New Hope, Pennsylvania[8] Becky is the daughter of a psychiatrist father and a German immigrant mother who runs an antique store in Philadelphia, to which her family moved when she was 13. She attended NYU Film School, and worked as an actress with playwright David Mamet's theater company,[8][10] but eventually returned to her first love, music, and has been working as a folk singer. She now finds herself at a crossroads, as she knows she wants to do lots of things in her life but is unsure about which direction to take. Described by MTV as "moody"[9] (a label affirmed by Kevin and Becky herself[11]), she is searching for a mature relationship, and in Episode 8, begins seeing Bill Richmond, one of the show's directors.[9][12]
Andre Comeau[13] 23 Detroit, Michigan[14] Andre is a singer and guitarist in an indie rock band called Reigndance,[15] with whom he has played with for three years,[13] and with whom he moved to New York exactly one year prior to moving into the Real World loft in the season premiere.[10] He says he grew up with music, as his mother, who had an album with Capitol Records, came from a musical family, a cross, Andre says, between The Manhattan Transfer and The Osmonds.[13] Described by MTV as "the prototypical Gen-X guy", he and Reigndance make a video. He divides his time between Detroit and New Jersey.[15] He rooms with Heather because both of them stay up late.[10][16]
Heather B. Gardner 20 Jersey City, New Jersey[17][18] Heather is a hip-hop artist with the group Boogie Down Productions, who is on the verge of getting her big career break. She's toured, and has been on The Arsenio Hall Show, but says that in going solo, she has to start all over again.[10] During the season, she is seen recording her album, The System Sucks. According to MTV's biography for her: "She has a lot of drive and dedication to whatever she is doing. She makes friends quickly and always speaks her mind regardless of the consequences."[19] When discussing racial experiences in Episode 1, she says that after going to an entirely black high school, going to college with people of different ethnicities was a new experience for her. Because she says she stays up at nights, she rooms with Andre,[10] who sleeps well into the day.[16] She has a cat[10] named Smokey[20] who is sometimes shown in conflict with Norman's dog, Gouda.[10][20][21] In Episode 2, she is seen recording for her album The System Sucks. She considers herself authentic, and thinks that Eric, by contrast, is too concerned over his image and what people think about him.[22] In Episode 12, she and Eric have a discussion on her belief that he is insincere and expresses little of substance, and his complaint that she is unfeeling and dismissive, eventually coming to an understanding as friends.[21]
Julie Gentry 19[23] Birmingham, Alabama[23] Julie, a Southern girl, is an aspiring dancer,[24] though her father wants her to study to be a computer expert, in case her dance career doesn't work out.[2][10] The youngest of the cast, her time on the show represents her first time in New York. According to MTV, her "innocence, engaging personality and desire to learn about the world make her the darling of the loft." She and Eric become especially close. She has not been successful in love, claiming that she could write a book on bad dates.[24] Julie was cast to be a "fish out of water" whose first experiences in New York City could be the lens through which the viewers would be introduced to the series.[25]
Norman Korpi 25 Wakefield, Michigan[26] Norman, who is of Sicilian descent,[27] left Michigan to find a career in painting, and formed a company with his partner called Gouda, which is named after Norman's dog.[10] As the first openly LGBT Real World cast member, his sexuality becomes the focus of attention during the season, as when he has to deal with the issues that arise after he develops a serious relationship. MTV describes him as a free spirit who enjoys a good conversation, a joke, a story, or an anecdote at the drop of a hat, and who adds a lot of humor and heart to the show.[28] Norman explains his bisexuality by saying that as a Pisces, he is always looking to be open-minded as to who to love. Julie finds his manner of revealing his sexuality in Episode 3 to be genuine and uncontroversial. Heather finds Norman to be authentic, as he does not care what others think, and says that he brings out the best in people, allowing them to feel a childlike sense of freedom.[20] He is an avid Trekkie.[29]
Eric Nies 20[30] Ocean Township, New Jersey[10][31][32] Eric is a print and TV model[32] who's been working for in New York for a year, having just recently begun doing commercials.[10] His father, an NBA referee, wasn't always there for him growing up, and as a result, he had a troubled youth. He is on probation after being arrested approximately a year and a half ago for possession of steroids.[30] He considers himself a very sensitive person, and doesn't like it when people take advantage of him.[21] He is close to his sister, Kim,[16] and his mother. Because he knows the importance of having strong role models, he volunteers to work with children in Episode 5.[30] He is described by MTV as a "charismatic" man whose good looks easily get him attention from women.[32] He rooms with Kevin,[10] with whom he discusses their different views on race in Episode 5.[30] In Episode 12, Heather and Eric have a discussion on her belief that he is insincere and expresses little of substance, and his complaint that she is unfeeling and dismissive, eventually coming to an understanding as friends.[21]
Kevin Powell 26[29] Jersey City, New Jersey[27][33] Kevin, the oldest member of the cast, is a poet, writer and educator.[34] He says that his father, who never married his mother, "disowned" him when he was about eight or nine years old, and as a result of lacking a strong male role model, Kevin got into a lot of trouble as a teenager, which is why he now mentors a young man named Morris to help him fight negative influences from the streets, and also allows him to see that he has common ground with Eric.[29][30] Having abandoned his initial thoughts of law school, he is now studying political science, and moved to New York in 1990 to pursue his writing, doing news articles and music reviews.[10] He has a girlfriend named Kaseemi.[29] He has strong beliefs regarding issues of race, and more than once gets into heated arguments with his housemates over these issues,[30] and says the racist treatment he has suffered by the police, and the atrocities suffered by various peoples throughout American history give cause for his anger and bitterness, and his dismissal of the idea of the American melting pot.[11] He concedes that he has his own prejudices moving into the loft, some of which were disproven, and some not.[27] He sometimes finds it difficult to connect with his housemates,[34] and after they play a prank on him,[29] he leaves the loft, later saying after the prank's revelation that he considered moving out.[11] He rooms with Eric,[10] with whom he discusses their different views on race in Episode 5,[30] and in Episode 11, has a heated argument with Julie, who says he threatened her with a candlestick holder. He denies this, and sees the reaction of the cast members who took her side as being influenced at least in part by race.[27]
^Note 1 : Age at the time of filming.
Cameo appearances[edit]
Isiah Thomas, Dennis Rodman and Bill Laimbeer make cameo appearances in Episode 5, when castmates Eric Nies and Kevin Powell attend a New York Knicks game at Madison Square Garden. Larry Johnson appears in Episode 7 to meet castmates Heather Gardner and Julie Gentry, who attend a Hornets game at the Brendan Byrne Arena. Matt Pinfield, a radio host for 106.3 FM, has a cameo in Episode 8 when cast member Andre Comeau's band, Reigndance, appears for an interview with that station. In Episode 9, cast members attend a rally for 1992 U.S. Presidential candidate Jerry Brown, at which both Brown and Michael Moore are shown speaking.
Episodes[edit]
Ep #
Total
Title
Airdate
1
1 "This is the True Story..." May 21, 1992 (1992-05-21)
As Julie prepares to leave Birmingham, she butts head with her father. After the cast assembles at the loft, and Heather's beeper goes off, Julie jokingly asks her if she sells drugs, prompting the cast to discuss their experiences with race. The cast finds a copy of Gregory Stock's The Book of Questions: Love & Sex, which leads them to discuss that topic. The cast attends a performance by Becky. Julie goes out with Heather and Kevin, during which she is acquainted with the New York Subway system, and tells Kevin that she thinks he is bitter toward white people. Kevin believes that history gives him cause to bear anger towards whites, though he believes Julie to be open-minded for a white person, while Heather dismisses all racism as equally stupid.[10]
2
2 "Julie and Eric...Could it be Love?" May 28, 1992 (1992-05-28)
The cast view a controversial Jōvan Musk commercial in which Eric appeared, and an episode of A Closer Look with Faith Daniels that discussed the matter, and offer their own thoughts on nudity. Heather thinks Eric cares too much about his image and what others think about him. Julie accompanies Heather to a recording for her album The System Sucks. Eric grows close to Julie, joining her at her hip-hop dance class, and later gets upset when Becky mentions arranging a blind date for Julie.[22][35]
3
3 "Leather Chaps and Sequins? What is Eric Getting Himself Into?" June 4, 1992 (1992-06-04)
Andre worries his illness will hurt an upcoming basement performance, but its true roadblock is an appearance by the police, who respond to noise complaints. Julie seeks training at the Broadway Dance Center. After Eric does a steamy topless photoshoot with a beautiful British model named Taryn whom he is encouraged to kiss and caress, they date, but Eric doesn't share her taste in leather "rocker" clothing. Becky cooks a dinner party to help the cast bond. After Norman, Heather and Julie bond at a roller disco, Norman mentions his bisexuality in a way that Julie appreciates, and later invites Julie and Becky to an art opening. Andre dedicates the song "Redspot" to his housemates during a performance on Staten Island that the cast attends.[20][36]
4
4 "Trouble Throughout the House" June 11, 1992 (1992-06-11)
The cast discusses their sexual experiences. Heather is unnerved by Becky's overt sexually behavior at a Limelight party. The cast argues over household issues such a cigarette smoke, cleanliness, noise levels, the use of the phone. Kevin and Eric in particular argue about the overnight stay of Eric's sister, Kim. When Kevin writes a letter to Eric expressing his feelings that both Eric and the others read, Eric, who says Kevin was disrespectful to both him and Kim, is infuriated, as is Kevin (who did not intend the letter for others to read) by Eric's choosing not to come to him directly about the letter.[16][37]
5
5 "Kevin and Eric Mend Their Relationship" June 18, 1992 (1992-06-18)
Continuing from the previous episode, Eric dismisses Kevin's attribution of their conflict to race and Kevin's more difficult life experiences, by saying that he, Eric, has been around black people his entire life, and by revealing that he is on probation after an arrest for steroid possession. During the course of their subsequent discussion, Kevin, who mentors a young man to steer clear of bad influences, comes to see that he has common ground with Eric, and the two make amends. Eric's past troubles spur him to apply to work in a volunteer program with children, and also affect his anticipation of a visit from Missy, his love since seventh grade. Eric also invites Kevin to a Knicks game, where the two meet Isiah Thomas, Dennis Rodman and Bill Laimbeer, and Kevin gains insight by watching Eric interact with his dad, an NBA referee whom Eric does not see often.[30][38]
6
6 "Kevin...Come Back!" June 25, 1992 (1992-06-25)
Julie and Kevin grow close, and discuss the topic of love and sex. Julie is underwhelmed by her date with a painter. Kevin spends time with his girlfriend, Kaseemi, and talks about his relationship with his parents. Spurred by Julie's observation that they have not gotten to know one another that well, the cast resolves to spend Sunday dinners together, and prepare for the first one, which Kevin will cook for. But after a previously scheduled poetry reading that Kevin had forgotten about makes him absent, the cast responds with an April Fool's prank on him by switching personas, with Julie taking on an overly sexualized identity, Eric pretending to be gay, etc. When Kevin finally returns home, the prank is so successful in disturbing him that he leaves the loft.[29][39]
7
7 "Heather Wants to Grab His Booty!" July 2, 1992 (1992-07-02)
Continuing from the previous episode, the cast is concerned over Kevin's abrupt departure, and relieved to inform him of the prank when he returns. Heather takes Julie to a Hornets game, where they meet Larry Johnson, with whom Heather is smitten. The women learn they will be sent on a group trip to Jamaica. Becky has a heated argument with Kevin over her viewpoint of American melting pot and Kevin's views of American imperialism and racism, which results in Kevin calling Becky a racist herself.[11][40]
8
8 "Becky Falls into Troubled Love" July 9, 1992 (1992-07-09)
The girls head off to Jamaica, but are disappointed by the poor choice of men there, leading Becky into a relationship with Bill, one of the production's directors, who is fired as a result.[8] Back home, Andre and Kevin bond during a night on the town. Andre's band, Reigndance, is interviewed by Matt Pinfield on 106.3 FM. Norman dates a man named Charles with whom he may be falling in love. When the women return home, Becky and Kevin make amends.[13][41]
9
9 "Julie in a Homeless Shelter?" July 16, 1992 (1992-07-16)
In Central Park, Julie comes across a group homeless people, one of whom, Darlene, she gets to know. The cast discuss their political leanings, with the 1992 election some attending a Jerry Brown rally at which Brown and Michael Moore speak. Julie, Andre, Heather, Norman and Norman's partner, Kim, then travel to the April 5, 1992 pro-choice rally in Washington, D.C., where Norman unexpectedly runs into Charles. Returning home, Julie spends a night with Darlene and the other people in Darlene's community. As the cast celebrates Norman's birthday, he discusses the gay bashing he suffered in high school, and how he defines his current purpose in life. Julie spends her first ever Easter away from home fulfilling her promise to see Darlene singing in her church choir, and is disturbed by Darlene's absence, and by Julie's investigation into her whereabouts.[42][43]
10
10 "He's So Ugly He's Cute!" July 23, 1992 (1992-07-23)
The cast becomes attached to an ugly stray dog, eventually returning him to his owner. Julie's mother and his brother, Bill, visit New York. Julie laments not having a strong rapport with her mother, and the two discuss their relationship. By contrast, Andre is very close to his mother and family, who also visit and watch him perform.[44][45]
11
11 "Julie Thinks Kevin is Psycho!" July 30, 1992 (1992-07-30)
A week and a half before they move out, the cast returns home to a tearful Julie, who says that Kevin, during a heated argument, threatened her with a candlestick holder and spit at her before storming out. Kevin denies this, saying that Julie's use of the phone jeopardized his livelihood and career prospects, but never threatened or spit at her before throwing out. The absence of the cameras during the incident turn it into a case of he said/she said, and Norman and Eric take Julie's side, explaining this in terms of a history of aggressive behavior on Kevin's part, but Kevin objects to what he sees as the knee-jerk nature of this conclusion, in which he feels race is a factor. He recounts the difficulty of being judged for his race by prospective employers in a poetry reading. He later tries to speak to Julie, and though they continue to argue, they both apologize for the way they conducted themselves and shake hands. Though Julie says she likes Kevin, she says she never wants to be alone with him ever again. At a party, a woman accuses Heather of assault, for which the police show up.[27][33]
12
12 "WWF is in the House!" August 6, 1992 (1992-08-06)
Continuing from the previous episode, Heather, who says that the woman accusing of her assault hit Heather first, is questioned by police, but both women decline to press charges. Heather continues to record her music, while Andre's band makes a video with Bill Richmond, the former Real World director and beau of Becky's. Eric's complaints over Heather's cat, Smokey, lead to horseplay between the two housemates. They later exchange harsh words, with Eric saying that Heather is unfeeling and dismissive of his concerns, and Heather saying that Eric is insincere, and that for all his complaining, expresses little of substance. They eventually have a long talk, during which they make amends.[21][46]
13
13 "Goodbye to the Big Apple!" August 13, 1992 (1992-08-13)
As the housemates prepare to move out, they playfully storm the production room in the loft, gaining perspective from the other side of the cameras, reflecting on how their time in the loft has changed them, and expressing their resolutions for the future.[47][48]
After filming[edit]
After filming the season, the cast reunited for the second-season premiere, and provided their predictions, advice and other thoughts regarding the Los Angeles cast. Heather Gardner predicted that someone would leave that cast.[49] (David Edwards eventually did so.[50])
Warner/Chappell Music signed Rebecca Blasband to a publishing contract and financed a "surprisingly solid" extended-play CD called The Rebecca Blasband. She moved to Denver, Colorado in March 1995, and has opened for Edwyn Collins and Squeeze.[8]
Andre Comeau eventually left Reigndance and joined another band, River Rouge. In 2011 they released their third album, Not All There Anymore.[14][51]
In 2002, Norman Korpi and Clint Owen wrote, produced and directed The Wedding Video, a spoof of The Real World that starred ten alumni of various seasons of The Real World that took the form of the video for Korpi's Beverly Hills wedding. Starring in the video along with himself were Julie Gentry and Heather Gardner, whose single "One Life", is featured in the film.[18] As of 2008 Norman Korpi is an artist splitting time between California and Michigan.
Heather Gardner released her first album, Takin' Mine, in 1996.[52] As of 2002 she was living in Jersey City, and had just released her album Eternal Affairs through SAI Records.[18]
Julie Gentry returned to Birmingham. As of 2002, she had been married for four years, had recently become a mother, and was attending school and teaching dance class.[18]
Eric Nies went on to host the MTV dance series The Grind, and also hosted and participated in a number of Real World/Road Rules Challenges. He also appeared in two episodes of Days of Our Lives, as well as bit parts in the films Above the Rim and The Brady Bunch Movie. He returned to reality television as a cast member in the 2009 VH1 series in Confessions of a Teen Idol.[53]
Kevin Powell became a writer for Vibe magazine,[8] an author, activist and a politician.[54][55] His books include Who's Gonna Take the Weight? and Keepin' It Real, a collection of post-MTV reflections. Powell also lectures around the country about pop culture, politics, and social justice, and has unsuccessfully run for Congress three times in New York.[56]
The Challenge[edit]
Cast Member
The Challenges
Challenges Won
Total Money Earned
Andre Comeau – – –
Becky Blasband Battle of the Seasons None $0
Eric Nies All Stars, Battle of the Sexes, Battle of the Sexes 2 All Stars, Battle of the Sexes 2 $60,000
Heather B. Gardner Challenge 2000 None $0
Julie Gentry – – –
Kevin Powell – – –
Norman Korpi Battle of the Seasons, The Gauntlet None $12,000
Bold indicates the contestant was a finalist on the Challenge.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Real World: New York: Full Episode Synopses and Recaps. MTV. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Blake, Meredith (June 6, 2011). "This is the True Story...". The A.V. Club.
Jump up ^ The Real World Diaries. Pocket Books. 1996. p. 210.
^ Jump up to: a b c "SoHo Loft". realworldhouses.com. November 28, 2010
Jump up ^ Sicha, Choire (May 13, 2008). "The Real World: Brooklyn. For Real." The New York Observer.
^ Jump up to: a b Van den Boogaard, Raymond (September 28, 1996 ). "Zeven werklozen samen op zoek naar een baan". (Dutch).
Jump up ^ The door number is also shown in various scenes, such as Act 2 of Episode 5 and Act 1 of Episode 9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Roberts, Michael (March 14, 1996). "The Unreal World". Denver Westword.
^ Jump up to: a b c Becky: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "This is the True Story...". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 1. May 21, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Heather Wants to Grab His Booty!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 7. July 2, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ Richmond's full name is given in Act 1 of Episode 12, when he films a video for Andre's band.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Becky Falls into Troubled Love". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 8. July 9, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b "Andre Comeau of River Rouge on The Jimmy Star Show – The Real World Reigndance Rocker on Feb 16 2011". PR Log. February 15, 2011
^ Jump up to: a b Andre: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Trouble Throughout the House". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 4. June 11, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ The Real World Diaries. Page 210.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Cast". The Wedding Video. 2002. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Heather: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Leather Chaps and Sequins? What is Eric Getting Himself Into?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 3. June 4, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "WWF is in the House!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 12. August 6, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b "Julie and Eric...Could it be Love?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 2. May 28, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b "This is the True Story...". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 1. May 21, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Julie: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Mary Ellis-Bunim and Jon Murray. The Real World Diaries. 1996. Pocket Books. p. 5
Jump up ^ "Biography". normankorpi.com, Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Julie Thinks Kevin is Psycho!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 11. July 30, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ Norman: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Kevin...Come Back!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 6. June 25, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Kevin and Eric Mend Their Relationship". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 5. June 18, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ Lynn, Allison (October 7, 1996). "Nies 'n' easy: MTV stud Eric Nies has his life back in shape". People magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Eric: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Julie Thinks Kevin is Psycho!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 11. July 30, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Kevin: The Real World: New York. MTV. 1992. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Julie and Eric...Could it be Love?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 2. May 28, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Leather Chaps and Sequins? What is Eric Getting Himself Into?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 3. June 4, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Trouble Throughout the House". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 4. June 11, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Kevin and Eric Mend Their Relationship". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 5. June 18, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Kevin...Come Back!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 6. June 25, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Heather Wants to Grab His Booty!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 7. July 2, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Becky Falls into Troubled Love". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 8. July 9, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Julie in a Homeless Shelter?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 9. July 16, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Julie in a Homeless Shelter?". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 9. July 16, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ "He's So Ugly He's Cute!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 10. July 23, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "He's So Ugly He's Cute!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 10. July 23, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ "WWF is in the House!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 12. August 6, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "Goodbye to the Big Apple!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 13. August 13, 1992. Summary page at MTV.com.
Jump up ^ "WWF is in the House!". The Real World: New York. Season 1. Episode 13. August 13, 1992. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ "Boot Scootin' Boogie". The Real World: Los Angeles. Season 2. Episode 1. June 26, 1993. MTV (Video at Hulu).
Jump up ^ "No Apologies Necessary". The Real World: Los Angeles. Season 2. Episode 7. August 5, 1993. MTV.
Jump up ^ Ryan Pienciaki, Elaine Aradillas and Paul Chi. "The Real World: Where Are They Now?". People. Vol. 70. No. 7. August 18, 2008
Jump up ^ Salvatore, Rosanne. "'The Real World' cast members: Where are they now?". New York Daily News. April 1, 2011. Page 3 of 44
Jump up ^ Salvatore, Rosanne. 2011. Page 2 of 44.
Jump up ^ Hicks, Jonathan P. "Brooklyn Congressman and Veteran of Tough Primaries Faces New Fight". The New York Times. April 28, 2008
Jump up ^ Egeln, Harold (September 10, 2008). "Primary Elections: Big Changes in Brooklyn". Brooklyn Eagle.
Jump up ^ Salvatore, Rosanne. 2011. Page 4 of 44.
External links[edit]
Official site at MTV.com
The Real World: New York: Meet the Cast MTV.
Coordinates: 40°43′27″N 73°59′52″W / 40.72417°N 73.99778°W / 40.72417; -73.99778
The Real World: New York on IMDb
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