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Crystal system
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The diamond crystal structure belongs to the face-centered cubic lattice, with a repeated two-atom pattern.
In crystallography, the terms crystal system, crystal family and lattice system each refer to one of several classes of space groups, lattices, point groups or crystals. Informally, two crystals are in the same crystal system if they have similar symmetries, though there are many exceptions to this.
Crystal systems, crystal families and lattice systems are similar but slightly different, and there is widespread confusion between them: in particular the trigonal crystal system is often confused with the rhombohedral lattice system, and the term "crystal system" is sometimes used to mean "lattice system" or "crystal family".
Space groups and crystals are divided into seven crystal systems according to their point groups, and into seven lattice systems according to their Bravais lattices. Five of the crystal systems are essentially the same as five of the lattice systems, but the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems differ from the hexagonal and rhombohedral lattice systems. The six crystal families are formed by combining the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems into one hexagonal family, in order to eliminate this confusion.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Crystal classes
3 Bravais lattices
4 In four-dimensional space
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Hexagonal hanksite crystal, with threefold c-axis symmetry
A lattice system is a class of lattices with the same set of lattice point groups, which are subgroups of the arithmetic crystal classes. The 14 Bravais lattices are grouped into seven lattice systems: triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, hexagonal and cubic.
In a crystal system, a set of point groups and their corresponding space groups are assigned to a lattice system. Of the 32 point groups that exist in three dimensions, most are assigned to only one lattice system, in which case both the crystal and lattice systems have the same name. However, five point groups are assigned to two lattice systems, rhombohedral and hexagonal, because both exhibit threefold rotational symmetry. These point groups are assigned to the trigonal crystal system. In total there are seven crystal systems: triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic.
A crystal family is determined by lattices and point groups. It is formed by combining crystal systems which have space groups assigned to a common lattice system. In three dimensions, the crystal families and systems are identical, except the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems, which are combined into one hexagonal crystal family. In total there are six crystal families: triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal and cubic.
Spaces with less than three dimensions have the same number of crystal systems, crystal families and lattice systems. In one-dimensional space, there is one crystal system. In 2D space, there are four crystal systems: oblique, rectangular, square and hexagonal.
The relation between three-dimensional crystal families, crystal systems and lattice systems is shown in the following table:
Crystal family (6)
Crystal system (7)
Required symmetries of point group
Point groups
Space groups
Bravais lattices
Lattice system
Triclinic None 2 2 1 Triclinic
Monoclinic 1 twofold axis of rotation or 1 mirror plane 3 13 2 Monoclinic
Orthorhombic 3 twofold axes of rotation or 1 twofold axis of rotation and 2 mirror planes. 3 59 4 Orthorhombic
Tetragonal 1 fourfold axis of rotation 7 68 2 Tetragonal
Hexagonal Trigonal 1 threefold axis of rotation 5 7 1 Rhombohedral
18 1 Hexagonal
Hexagonal 1 sixfold axis of rotation 7 27
Cubic 4 threefold axes of rotation 5 36 3 Cubic
6 7 Total 32 230 14 7
Note: there is no "trigonal" lattice system. To avoid confusion of terminology, the term "trigonal lattice" is not used.
Crystal classes[edit]
Main article: Crystallographic point group
The 7 crystal systems consist of 32 crystal classes (corresponding to the 32 crystallographic point groups) as shown in the following table:
Crystal family
Crystal system
Point group / Crystal class
Schönflies
Hermann–Mauguin
Orbifold
Coxeter
Point symmetry
Order
Abstract group
triclinic triclinic-pedial C1 1 11 [ ]+ enantiomorphic polar 1 trivial Z 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{1}}
triclinic-pinacoidal Ci 1 1x [2,1+] centrosymmetric 2 cyclic Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
monoclinic monoclinic-sphenoidal C2 2 22 [2,2]+ enantiomorphic polar 2 cyclic Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
monoclinic-domatic Cs m *11 [ ] polar 2 cyclic Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
monoclinic-prismatic C2h 2/m 2* [2,2+] centrosymmetric 4 Klein four V = Z 2 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {V} =\mathbb {Z} _{2}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
orthorhombic orthorhombic-sphenoidal D2 222 222 [2,2]+ enantiomorphic 4 Klein four V = Z 2 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {V} =\mathbb {Z} _{2}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
orthorhombic-pyramidal C2v mm2 *22 [2] polar 4 Klein four V = Z 2 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {V} =\mathbb {Z} _{2}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
orthorhombic-bipyramidal D2h mmm *222 [2,2] centrosymmetric 8 V × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {V} \times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
tetragonal tetragonal-pyramidal C4 4 44 [4]+ enantiomorphic polar 4 cyclic Z 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{4}}
tetragonal-disphenoidal S4 4 2x [2+,2] non-centrosymmetric 4 cyclic Z 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{4}}
tetragonal-dipyramidal C4h 4/m 4* [2,4+] centrosymmetric 8 Z 4 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{4}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
tetragonal-trapezoidal D4 422 422 [2,4]+ enantiomorphic 8 dihedral D 8 = Z 4 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{8}=\mathbb {Z} _{4}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
ditetragonal-pyramidal C4v 4mm *44 [4] polar 8 dihedral D 8 = Z 4 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{8}=\mathbb {Z} _{4}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
tetragonal-scalenoidal D2d 42m or 4m2 2*2 [2+,4] non-centrosymmetric 8 dihedral D 8 = Z 4 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{8}=\mathbb {Z} _{4}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
ditetragonal-dipyramidal D4h 4/mmm *422 [2,4] centrosymmetric 16 D 8 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{8}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
hexagonal trigonal trigonal-pyramidal C3 3 33 [3]+ enantiomorphic polar 3 cyclic Z 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{3}}
rhombohedral S6 (C3i) 3 3x [2+,3+] centrosymmetric 6 cyclic Z 6 = Z 3 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{6}=\mathbb {Z} _{3}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
trigonal-trapezoidal D3 32 or 321 or 312 322 [3,2]+ enantiomorphic 6 dihedral D 6 = Z 3 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{6}=\mathbb {Z} _{3}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
ditrigonal-pyramidal C3v 3m or 3m1 or 31m *33 [3] polar 6 dihedral D 6 = Z 3 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{6}=\mathbb {Z} _{3}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
ditrigonal-scalahedral D3d 3m or 3m1 or 31m 2*3 [2+,6] centrosymmetric 12 dihedral D 12 = Z 6 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{12}=\mathbb {Z} _{6}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
hexagonal hexagonal-pyramidal C6 6 66 [6]+ enantiomorphic polar 6 cyclic Z 6 = Z 3 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{6}=\mathbb {Z} _{3}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
trigonal-dipyramidal C3h 6 3* [2,3+] non-centrosymmetric 6 cyclic Z 6 = Z 3 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{6}=\mathbb {Z} _{3}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
hexagonal-dipyramidal C6h 6/m 6* [2,6+] centrosymmetric 12 Z 6 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{6}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
hexagonal-trapezoidal D6 622 622 [2,6]+ enantiomorphic 12 dihedral D 12 = Z 6 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{12}=\mathbb {Z} _{6}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
dihexagonal-pyramidal C6v 6mm *66 [6] polar 12 dihedral D 12 = Z 6 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{12}=\mathbb {Z} _{6}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
ditrigonal-dipyramidal D3h 6m2 or 62m *322 [2,3] non-centrosymmetric 12 dihedral D 12 = Z 6 ⋊ Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{12}=\mathbb {Z} _{6}\rtimes \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
dihexagonal-dipyramidal D6h 6/mmm *622 [2,6] centrosymmetric 24 D 12 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {D} _{12}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
cubic tetrahedral T 23 332 [3,3]+ enantiomorphic 12 alternating A 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} _{4}}
hextetrahedral Td 43m *332 [3,3] non-centrosymmetric 24 symmetric S 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} _{4}}
diploidal Th m3 3*2 [3+,4] centrosymmetric 24 A 4 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} _{4}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
gyroidal O 432 432 [4,3]+ enantiomorphic 24 symmetric S 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} _{4}}
hexoctahedral Oh m3m *432 [4,3] centrosymmetric 48 S 4 × Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {S} _{4}\times \mathbb {Z} _{2}}
Point symmetry can be thought of in the following fashion: consider the coordinates which make up the structure, and project them all through a single point, so that (x,y,z) becomes (−x,−y,−z). This is the 'inverted structure'. If the original structure and inverted structure are identical, then the structure is centrosymmetric. Otherwise it is non-centrosymmetric. Still, even for non-centrosymmetric case, inverted structure in some cases can be rotated to align with the original structure. This is the case of non-centrosymmetric achiral structure. If the inverted structure cannot be rotated to align with the original structure, then the structure is chiral (enantiomorphic) and its symmetry group is enantiomorphic.[1]
A direction (meaning a line without an arrow) is called polar if its two directional senses are geometrically or physically different. A polar symmetry[clarification needed] direction of a crystal is called a polar axis.[2] Groups containing a polar axis are called polar. A polar crystal possess a "unique" axis (found in no other directions) such that some geometrical or physical property is different at the two ends of this axis. It may develop a dielectric polarization, e.g. in pyroelectric crystals. A polar axis can occur only in non-centrosymmetric structures. There should also not be a mirror plane or twofold axis perpendicular to the polar axis, because they will make both directions of the axis equivalent.
The crystal structures of chiral biological molecules (such as protein structures) can only occur in the 65 enantiomorphic space groups (biological molecules are usually chiral).
Bravais lattices[edit]
Main article: Bravais lattice
The distribution of the 14 Bravais lattices into lattice systems and crystal families is given in the following table.
Crystal family
Lattice system
Schönflies
14 Bravais Lattices
Primitive
Base-centered
Body-centered
Face-centered
triclinic Ci
monoclinic C2h
orthorhombic D2h
tetragonal D4h
hexagonal rhombohedral D3d
hexagonal D6h
cubic Oh
In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice is a category of symmetry groups for translational symmetry in three directions, or correspondingly, a category of translation lattices.
Such symmetry groups consist of translations by vectors of the form
R = n1a1 + n2a2 + n3a3,
where n1, n2, and n3 are integers and a1, a2, and a3 are three non-coplanar vectors, called primitive vectors.
These lattices are classified by space group of the translation lattice itself; there are 14 Bravais lattices in three dimensions; each can apply in one lattice system only. They represent the maximum symmetry a structure with the translational symmetry concerned can have.
All crystalline materials must, by definition fit in one of these arrangements (not including quasicrystals).
For convenience a Bravais lattice is depicted by a unit cell which is a factor 1, 2, 3 or 4 larger than the primitive cell. Depending on the symmetry of a crystal or other pattern, the fundamental domain is again smaller, up to a factor 48.
The Bravais lattices were studied by Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim in 1842, who found that there were 15 Bravais lattices. This was corrected to 14 by A. Bravais in 1848.
In four-dimensional space[edit]
The four-dimensional unit cell is defined by four edge lengths (a, b, c, d) and six interaxial angles (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ). The following conditions for the lattice parameters define 23 crystal families
Crystal families in 4D space
No.
Family
Edge lengths
Interaxial angles
1 Hexaclinic a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ δ ≠ ε ≠ ζ ≠ 90°
2 Triclinic a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90°
δ = ε = ζ = 90°
3 Diclinic a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d α ≠ 90°
β = γ = δ = ε = 90°
ζ ≠ 90°
4 Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d α ≠ 90°
β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
5 Orthogonal a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
6 Tetragonal monoclinic a ≠ b = c ≠ d α ≠ 90°
β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
7 Hexagonal monoclinic a ≠ b = c ≠ d α ≠ 90°
β = γ = δ = ε = 90°
ζ = 120°
8 Ditetragonal diclinic a = d ≠ b = c α = ζ = 90°
β = ε ≠ 90°
γ ≠ 90°
δ = 180° − γ
9 Ditrigonal (dihexagonal) diclinic a = d ≠ b = c α = ζ = 120°
β = ε ≠ 90°
γ ≠ δ ≠ 90°
cos δ = cos β − cos γ
10 Tetragonal orthogonal a ≠ b = c ≠ d α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
11 Hexagonal orthogonal a ≠ b = c ≠ d α = β = γ = δ = ε = 90°, ζ = 120°
12 Ditetragonal monoclinic a = d ≠ b = c α = γ = δ = ζ = 90°
β = ε ≠ 90°
13 Ditrigonal (dihexagonal) monoclinic a = d ≠ b = c α = ζ = 120°
β = ε ≠ 90°
γ = δ ≠ 90°
cos γ = −1/2cos β
14 Ditetragonal orthogonal a = d ≠ b = c α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
15 Hexagonal tetragonal a = d ≠ b = c α = β = γ = δ = ε = 90°
ζ = 120°
16 Dihexagonal orthogonal a = d ≠ b = c α = ζ = 120°
β = γ = δ = ε = 90°
17 Cubic orthogonal a = b = c ≠ d α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
18 Octagonal a = b = c = d α = γ = ζ ≠ 90°
β = ε = 90°
δ = 180° − α
19 Decagonal a = b = c = d α = γ = ζ ≠ β = δ = ε
cos β = −1/2 − cos α
20 Dodecagonal a = b = c = d α = ζ = 90°
β = ε = 120°
γ = δ ≠ 90°
21 Diisohexagonal orthogonal a = b = c = d α = ζ = 120°
β = γ = δ = ε = 90°
22 Icosagonal (icosahedral) a = b = c = d α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ
cos α = −1/4
23 Hypercubic a = b = c = d α = β = γ = δ = ε = ζ = 90°
The names here are given according to Whittaker.[3] They are almost the same as in Brown et al,[4] with exception for names of the crystal families 9, 13, and 22. The names for these three families according to Brown et al are given in parenthesis.
The relation between four-dimensional crystal families, crystal systems, and lattice systems is shown in the following table.[3][4] Enantiomorphic systems are marked with an asterisk. The number of enantiomorphic pairs are given in parentheses. Here the term "enantiomorphic" has a different meaning than in the table for three-dimensional crystal classes. The latter means, that enantiomorphic point groups describe chiral (enantiomorphic) structures. In the current table, "enantiomorphic" means that a group itself (considered as a geometric object) is enantiomorphic, like enantiomorphic pairs of three-dimensional space groups P31 and P32, P4122 and P4322. Starting from four-dimensional space, point groups also can be enantiomorphic in this sense.
Crystal systems in 4D space
No. of
crystal family
Crystal family
Crystal system
No. of
crystal system
Point groups
Space groups
Bravais lattices
Lattice system
I Hexaclinic 1 2 2 1 Hexaclinic P
II Triclinic 2 3 13 2 Triclinic P, S
III Diclinic 3 2 12 3 Diclinic P, S, D
IV Monoclinic 4 4 207 6 Monoclinic P, S, S, I, D, F
V Orthogonal Non-axial orthogonal 5 2 2 1 Orthogonal KU
112 8 Orthogonal P, S, I, Z, D, F, G, U
Axial orthogonal 6 3 887
VI Tetragonal monoclinic 7 7 88 2 Tetragonal monoclinic P, I
VII Hexagonal monoclinic Trigonal monoclinic 8 5 9 1 Hexagonal monoclinic R
15 1 Hexagonal monoclinic P
Hexagonal monoclinic 9 7 25
VIII Ditetragonal diclinic* 10 1 (+1) 1 (+1) 1 (+1) Ditetragonal diclinic P*
IX Ditrigonal diclinic* 11 2 (+2) 2 (+2) 1 (+1) Ditrigonal diclinic P*
X Tetragonal orthogonal Inverse tetragonal orthogonal 12 5 7 1 Tetragonal orthogonal KG
351 5 Tetragonal orthogonal P, S, I, Z, G
Proper tetragonal orthogonal 13 10 1312
XI Hexagonal orthogonal Trigonal orthogonal 14 10 81 2 Hexagonal orthogonal R, RS
150 2 Hexagonal orthogonal P, S
Hexagonal orthogonal 15 12 240
XII Ditetragonal monoclinic* 16 1 (+1) 6 (+6) 3 (+3) Ditetragonal monoclinic P*, S*, D*
XIII Ditrigonal monoclinic* 17 2 (+2) 5 (+5) 2 (+2) Ditrigonal monoclinic P*, RR*
XIV Ditetragonal orthogonal Crypto-ditetragonal orthogonal 18 5 10 1 Ditetragonal orthogonal D
165 (+2) 2 Ditetragonal orthogonal P, Z
Ditetragonal orthogonal 19 6 127
XV Hexagonal tetragonal 20 22 108 1 Hexagonal tetragonal P
XVI Dihexagonal orthogonal Crypto-ditrigonal orthogonal* 21 4 (+4) 5 (+5) 1 (+1) Dihexagonal orthogonal G*
5 (+5) 1 Dihexagonal orthogonal P
Dihexagonal orthogonal 23 11 20
Ditrigonal orthogonal 22 11 41
16 1 Dihexagonal orthogonal RR
XVII Cubic orthogonal Simple cubic orthogonal 24 5 9 1 Cubic orthogonal KU
96 5 Cubic orthogonal P, I, Z, F, U
Complex cubic orthogonal 25 11 366
XVIII Octagonal* 26 2 (+2) 3 (+3) 1 (+1) Octagonal P*
XIX Decagonal 27 4 5 1 Decagonal P
XX Dodecagonal* 28 2 (+2) 2 (+2) 1 (+1) Dodecagonal P*
XXI Diisohexagonal orthogonal Simple diisohexagonal orthogonal 29 9 (+2) 19 (+5) 1 Diisohexagonal orthogonal RR
19 (+3) 1 Diisohexagonal orthogonal P
Complex diisohexagonal orthogonal 30 13 (+8) 15 (+9)
XXII Icosagonal 31 7 20 2 Icosagonal P, SN
XXIII Hypercubic Octagonal hypercubic 32 21 (+8) 73 (+15) 1 Hypercubic P
107 (+28) 1 Hypercubic Z
Dodecagonal hypercubic 33 16 (+12) 25 (+20)
Total 23 (+6) 33 (+7) 227 (+44) 4783 (+111) 64 (+10) 33 (+7)
See also[edit]
Crystal cluster
Crystal structure
List of space groups
Polar point group
References[edit]
This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (August 2017)
Jump up ^ Flack, Howard D. (2003). "Chiral and Achiral Crystal Structures". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 86 (4): 905–921. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390109.
Jump up ^ Hahn (2002), p. 804
^ Jump up to: a b Whittaker, E. J. W. (1985). An Atlas of Hyperstereograms of the Four-Dimensional Crystal Classes. Oxford & New York: Clarendon Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, H.; Bülow, R.; Neubüser, J.; Wondratschek, H.; Zassenhaus, H. (1978). Crystallographic Groups of Four-Dimensional Space. New York: Wiley.
Hahn, Theo, ed. (2002). International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A: Space Group Symmetry. A (5th ed.). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1107/97809553602060000100. ISBN 978-0-7923-6590-7.
External links[edit]
Overview of the 32 groups
Mineral galleries – Symmetry
all cubic crystal classes, forms and stereographic projections (interactive java applet)
Crystal system at the Online Dictionary of Crystallography
Crystal family at the Online Dictionary of Crystallography
Lattice system at the Online Dictionary of Crystallography
Conversion Primitive to Standard Conventional for VASP input files
Learning Crystallography
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Monoclinic, simple

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Orthorhombic, simple

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Tetragonal, simple

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Tetragonal, body-centered

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Cubic, simple

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Cubic, face-centered

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Ministry of Health (Uganda)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ministry of Health
Coat of Arms of Uganda
Ministry overview
Type
Ministry
Jurisdiction
Government of Uganda
Headquarters
6 Lourdel Road,
Wandegeya
Kampala, Uganda
Ministry executive
Jane Aceng,
Minister of Health
Website
Homepage
The Ministry of Health is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. It is responsible for planning, delivering, and maintaining an efficient and effective healthcare delivery system, including preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services, in a humane, affordable, and sustainable manner. The ministry is headed by Minister of Health Jane Aceng.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Location
2 Subministries
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Location[edit]
The headquarters of the ministry are located at Plot 6 Lourdel Road, in the Wandegeya neighborhood, Kampala Central Division, in Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city, about 2.5 kilometres (2 mi) north of the city's business district.[2] The coordinates of the building are 0°19'59.0"N, 32°34'39.0"E (Latitude:0.333044; Longitude:32.577486).[3]
Subministries[edit]
State Minister for Health (General Duties) - Sarah Achieng Opendi[4]
State Minister for Primary Healthcare - Joyce Moriku.[5]
See also[edit]
Politics of Uganda
List of hospitals in Uganda
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ainebyoona, Emmanuel (1 July 2016). "Squabbles, scandals make health sector sick - Minister". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Globefeed.com (16 July 2016). "Distance between Post Office Building, Kampala Road, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda and Lourdel Road, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda". Globefeed.com. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Google (16 July 2016). "Location of the Headquarters of Uganda's Ministry of Health, 6 Lourdel Road, Kampala" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Uganda State House (6 June 2016). "Museveni's new cabinet list At 6 June 2016" (PDF). Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Solomon Arinaitwe, Emmanuel Ainebyoona, Allan Chekwech, and Felix Warom Okello (8 June 2016). "Who are the new faces in Museveni's Cabinet?: Dr Joyce Moriku". Daily Monitor Mobile. Kampala. Retrieved 16 July 2016. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
Uganda portal
Health portal
Official website
Coordinates: 00°18′48″N 32°34′55″E / 0.31333°N 32.58194°E / 0.31333; 32.58194
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Health_(Uganda)&oldid=790849899"
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Kampala
Government of Uganda
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Action Bronson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 October 2018.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Action Bronson
Bronson performing in June 2016
Background information
Birth name
Ariyan Arslani
Also known as
Action Bronson
Bam Bam[1]
Bronsoliño[2]
Mr. Baklava[3]
Born
(1983-12-02) December 2, 1983 (age 34)
Flushing, New York, U.S.
Genres
Hip hop
Occupation(s)
Reality television star
Talk show host
Rapper
chef
Years active
2008–present
Labels
Vice
Atlantic (former)
Associated acts
The Alchemist
Big Body Bes
Harry Fraud
Meyhem Lauren
Party Supplies
Statik Selektah
Joey Bada$$
Earl Sweatshirt
Special Victims Unit
Website
www.actionbronson.com
Ariyan Arslani[4] (born December 2, 1983),[5][6] better known by the stage name Action Bronson, is an American rapper, reality television star, author, and talk show host.[7] In August 2012, he signed to Warner Bros. Records, but was later moved to Atlantic Records' imprint, Vice Records.
Arslani is best known for hosting his talk/variety show The Untitled Action Bronson Show, as well as his travel program Fuck, That's Delicious, on Viceland. His frequent collaborators Meyhem Lauren, The Alchemist, and formerly Big Body Bes are regulars on both of his television series. Mario Batali, Andrew Zimmern, Daniel Boulud, Rick Bayless, Grant Achatz, and others have been guests on his television series. In September 2017, Arslani published his first book, based on his travel show, a cookbook, also entitled "Fuck, That’s Delicious".
In addition to his television career, Arslani has also released several mixtapes, such as Rare Chandeliers (2012), with American hip hop producer The Alchemist and Blue Chips 2 (2013) with longtime producer Party Supplies, before releasing his major label debut, an extended play (EP) titled Saaab Stories, with frequent collaborator Harry Fraud, in 2013. He released his major label debut album, Mr. Wonderful, on March 23, 2015.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 1983–2010: Early life and career
1.2 2011: Dr. Lecter and Well Done
1.3 2012–13: Major-label deal and Saaab Stories
1.4 2014–present: Mr. Wonderful
2 Television
3 Controversy
4 Musical style
4.1 Influences
4.2 Rapping style
5 Discography
6 Awards and nominations
6.1 BET Hip Hop Awards
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Biography[edit]
1983–2010: Early life and career[edit]
Bronson was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, to an Albanian Muslim father and an American Jewish mother.[8] Growing up he was raised in his father's Muslim tradition.[9] Before embarking on a career as a rapper, which was originally just a hobby, Bronson was a respected fire-flame gourmet chef in New York City. He posted his own online cooking show titled Action in the Kitchen. After breaking his leg in the kitchen, Bronson concentrated solely on his music career.[10]
2011: Dr. Lecter and Well Done[edit]
Action Bronson's debut studio album Dr. Lecter was independently released under Fine Fabric Delegates on March 15, 2011. The album, produced entirely by New York City-based music producer Tommy Mas, was made available for digital download and also in CD-R, on his official website. In November of that year, Bronson followed up with Well-Done, a collaborative effort with American hip hop producer Statik Selektah.[11] On March 12, 2012, he released his second mixtape, titled Blue Chips, with Party Supplies.[12]
2012–13: Major-label deal and Saaab Stories[edit]
Action Bronson performing in July 2013
In August 2012, it was announced Paul Rosenberg signed Action Bronson to a management deal with Goliath Artists, which also houses names such as Eminem, The Alchemist, Blink-182 and Danny Brown.[13] Also in August 2012, Bronson was featured on Odd Future-rapper Domo Genesis and American hip hop producer The Alchemist's collaborative album No Idols, on tracks "Elimination Chamber" (also featuring Earl Sweatshirt and Vince Staples) and "Daily News" (also featuring SpaceGhostPurrp and Earl Sweatshirt). Later that year Action Bronson joined both Warner Bros. Records, via media company VICE, and concert booking agency NUE.[14] On November 15, 2012, Bronson released Rare Chandeliers, a collaborative mixtape with The Alchemist.
In March 2013, Bronson performed at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival[15] and later that month was featured on XXL Magazine's 2013 Freshman Class, a list of up-and-coming rappers.[16] In May 2013, Action Bronson was moved to Atlantic Records, and subsequently released an extended play (EP) titled Saaab Stories, on June 11, 2013.[17] The EP was produced entirely by American music producer Harry Fraud and features guest appearances from fellow American rappers Raekwon, Wiz Khalifa, and Prodigy.[18] Released as a digital download only, the EP was preceded by the single, "Strictly 4 My Jeeps".[19] In July 2013, he indicated wanting to get fellow Queens-bred rappers, Nas and Kool G Rap, on his major-label debut album.[20] Also in July, Bronson announced his major-label debut album would be released in early 2014.[21]
On November 1, 2013, Bronson released Blue Chips 2, the second installment in his Blue Chips series, in promotion of the album.[22][23][24][25] On October 28, 2013, Funkmaster Flex announced he would be hosting an upcoming Action Bronson mixtape. Production was revealed to be coming from Erick Sermon, Mike Will Made It, DJ Mustard and Jahlil Beats.[22] In a November 2013 interview with Rolling Stone, Bronson stated that he would have Kool G Rap and Mobb Deep, featured on his upcoming album.[26]
2014–present: Mr. Wonderful[edit]
Action Bronson performing at Coachella in 2015
In February 2014, Action Bronson, J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar and 360 accompanied rapper Eminem, on a brief tour of Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.[27] On May 6, 2014, Action Bronson debuted a food-oriented web series, titled Fuck, That's Delicious. The show is a Vice Records-sponsored monthly web series that chronicles the food-obsessed rapper's exploration of all things culinary.[28][29]
On August 5, 2014, Bronson released the song "Easy Rider" as the first single from his debut album Mr. Wonderful. The song was produced by Bronson's longtime producer Party Supplies. On August 20, 2014, the music video for "Easy Rider", was released. The video for "Easy Rider", which was directed by Tom Gould, pays homage to the 1969 Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper film of the same name.[30] Bronson officially released "Actin Crazy", via digital distribution on January 20. He released the full album on March 23, 2015.[31]
In October, 2015, Bronson was hospitalized in Anchorage, Alaska, for emergency surgery after a concert on October 23. He remained in the hospital for several days.[32]
On Monday May 16, 2016, he presented at the Webby Awards.[33]
Television[edit]
Action Bronson is the star of two television shows which air on the Viceland channel: the food travel show Fuck, That's Delicious, and a nightly food talk show, The Untitled Action Bronson Show. He also starred in the now-canceled comedy documentary series Traveling the Stars: Action Bronson and Friends Watch ‘Ancient Aliens’.
Controversy[edit]
In March 2016, the Program Board of the George Washington University announced that Bronson would be the headlining performer for the University's yearly spring concert, "Spring Fling." Controversy soon erupted as Bronson's song "Consensual Rape" came to light, as well as statements Bronson made that were considered homophobic, transphobic, and misogynist.[34] Student activist groups successfully pushed for the University to cancel the performance.[35] In April 2016, Bronson was similarly disinvited from the Trinity College Spring Weekend concert.[36]
Bronson responded in an open letter, claiming that his songs "depict a story" and "aren’t meant to be anything but an artistic expression," condemned all forms of sexual violence, and offered an apology.[37]
Musical style[edit]
Influences[edit]
Action Bronson cites as major influences fellow American rappers Kool G Rap, Nas, Cam'ron, Mobb Deep, UGK and Wu-Tang Clan, .[38][39] Other artists include Michael Jackson, Carlos Santana, Queen as well as Albanian wedding singers.[40]
Rapping style[edit]
Bronson frequently raps about food in his songs.[41][42][43] He is also well known for his frequent, and often obscure, allusions to athletes and sports teams. Bronson's lyrics often make reference to sports in New York City but also touch on more obscure subjects such as professional bodybuilders, figure skating and sports betting.[44][45][46]
Early in his career, Bronson gained recognition for lyrically and stylistically resembling fellow New York rapper Ghostface Killah of Wu-Tang Clan (with whom he collaborated, along with friend and fellow rapper Termanology, on a song called "Meteor Hammer", from the 2011 compilation album Legendary Weapons). Ghostface Killah himself has admitted to confusing Bronson's rapping for his own.[47] In an interview with HipHopDX, Bronson was asked about how it was to be compared to the Wu-Tang rapper, and he responded with,
Yeah, I mean at the end of the day, it's all good because Ghostface Killah is one of the best rappers alive, so if I sound similar to the best rapper alive then that is fine. To me there is no comparison; he is a legend and I am a newcomer. If I would try and emulate with anyone it would be Kool G Rap, he is the person I look up to the most. I am not upset but at the end of the day I am my own person and no one can take that away from me.[48]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Action Bronson discography
Dr. Lecter (2011)
Well-Done (2011) (with Statik Selektah)
Mr. Wonderful (2015)
Blue Chips 7000 (2017)
White Bronco (2018)[49]
Awards and nominations[edit]
BET Hip Hop Awards[edit]
The BET Hip Hop Awards was established in 2006 by the network to celebrate hip-hop performers, producers and music video directors.
Year
Nominated work
Award
Result
2013 Action Bronson Rookie of the Year[50] Nominated
2014 Blue Chips 2 Best Mixtape Nominated
See also[edit]
Biography portal
Hip hop portal
New York City portal
List of hip-hop musicians
List of people from Queens
Music of New York City
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Isenberg, Daniel (March 25, 2016). "The Best Action Bronson Songs". Complex. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ivey, Justin (March 31, 2017). "Action Bronson Is Putting the Finishing Touches on New Project". XXL. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Fuck, That's Delicious' Presents: Cooking With Mr. Wonderful Featuring Michael Voltaggio". Vice. April 11, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / ActionBronson: My name is ARIYAN ARSLANI". Twitter.com. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Musical Jews: Action Bronson". Jewish Telegraph Agency. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / ActionBronson: I am now 29 years old". Twitter.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ DeJohn, Irving (June 26, 2013). "Queens rapper Action Bronson talks food, music and Flushing characters". Daily News. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chandler, Adam. "Where James Beard Meets Rap". The Atlantic. Retrieved 15 Feb 2018.
Jump up ^ Tardio, Andres. "Action Bronson". HipHop DX. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Action. "My Story by Action Bronson". XXL Magazine. XXL Magazine. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson & Statik Selektah - 'Not Enough Words'". YouTube. November 20, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson/Party Supplies-Blue Chips". Pitchfork Media. March 23, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson Signs Deal With VICE/Warner Bros. Records | XXL". Xxlmag.com. August 13, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hampp, Andrew (August 7, 2012). "Backbeat: Of Monsters and Men, Jezabels Play Billboard's Packed Post Party At Chicago's Double Door". Billboard. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Check Out the 2013 Coachella Lineup". Complex. January 25, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "XXL Freshman Class 2013 Cover Revealed - Page 2 of 2". XXL. March 27, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Audio: Action Bronson & The Alchemist – DJ Whoo Kid Interview". Xclusives Zone. May 10, 2013. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ryon, Sean (June 11, 2013). "Action Bronson & Harry Fraud "Saab Stories" Cover Art, Tracklist & Spotify Stream". HipHop DX. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Music - Strictly 4 My Jeeps - Single by Action Bronson". iTunes Store. May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Paine, Jake (July 9, 2013). "Action Bronson Hints At Cooking Show, Wants To Reunite Nas & Kool G Rap". HipHop DX. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Paine, Jake (July 27, 2013). "Action Bronson Confirms "Blue Chips 2," Another Project With Alchemist". HipHop DX. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Dharmic X. "Listen: Action Bronson "Practice" (Prod. Party Supplies)". Complex. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson/Party Supplies-Blue Chips 2 Review". Pitchfork Media. March 23, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Breihan, Tom (November 6, 2013). "Mixtape Of The Week: Action Bronson & Party Supplies Blue Chips 2". Stereogum. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Alexis, Nadeska (November 1, 2013). "Download: Action Bronson X Party Supplies Blue Chips 2 Mixtape". MTV. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson on 'Blue Chips 2,' Drugs and Women". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ C.M., Emmanuel (January 14, 2014). "Action Bronson Adds Shows, Will Tour With Eminem". XXL.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson "Mr. Wonderful" Release Date, Cover Art, Tracklist & Album Stream". HipHopDX. March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rapper Action Bronson hospitalized for emergency surgery in Anchorage". KTUU-TV. 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson presents at Webby Awards". RapRadar. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kuruzius, Rachel (March 30, 2016). "GW Students Don't Want 'Blatant Misogynist' Action Bronson Headlining Spring Fling". The DCist. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blugis, Sarah (March 29, 2016). "Student leaders should not stay quiet about the Spring Fling headliner". The GW Hatchet. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Megan, Kathleen (22 April 2016). "Trinity Students Disinvite Controversial Rapper". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson Apologizes for Behavior Seen as Misogynist and Transphobic, Following Removal from College Concert - Pitchfork".
Jump up ^ "The Special Ingredient: Action Bronson". Clash Magazine. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ HipHopDX (October 26, 2011). "Action Bronson Responds To Comparisons With Ghostface Killah, Other White Rappers". HipHopDX. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ GQ (2018-08-14), Action Bronson Goes Undercover on Reddit, Twitter and YouTube | GQ, retrieved 2018-08-18
Jump up ^ "Action Bronson's 25 Most Luxurious Food Lines". RESPECT. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "All the Food References in Action Bronson's Mixtape, "Blue Chips 2"". Bon Appétit. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Every Food Reference on Action Bronson's Blue Chips 2". First We Feast. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sherman, Rodger (May 18, 2015). "The young Randy Velarde, and 289 other sports references by Action Bronson". SBNation. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Larew, Tim (March 25, 2013). "Action Bronson Raps On Sports, New York And Embracing The Obscure". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Roth, David (March 5, 2015). "Action Bronson Gets Extremely Sports on ESPN". VICE Sports. Vice Media. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Jump up ^ k, katie (May 21, 2015). "Ghostface Killah Admits He Has Confused Action Bronson's Voice For His Own". Pigeons & Planes. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Tobias, Jonathan (May 26, 2011). "DXnext: Action Bronson | Check Out New Hip Hop Artists & Upcoming Rappers". HipHop DX. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Blais-Billie, Braudie (September 20, 2018). "Action Bronson Announces New Album White Bronco, Shares New Song: Listen". Pitchfork. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Who New? Rookie of the Year". BET. September 23, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
External links[edit]
Official website
hide
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Action Bronson
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Traveling the Stars: Action Bronson and Friends Watch ‘Ancient Aliens’
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Dr. Lecter
Well-Done
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_Bronson&oldid=866288329"
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