text:
Holland Taylor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Holland Taylor
Taylor circa 1994
Born
Holland Virginia Taylor
(1943-01-14) January 14, 1943 (age 74)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1965–present
Partner(s)
Sarah Paulson (2015–present)
Holland Virginia Taylor (born January 14, 1943) is an American actress and playwright. She won the 1999 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Judge Roberta Kittleson on the ABC drama The Practice (1998–2003). She is also known for her role as Evelyn Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men (2003–2015).
Taylor's other notable television roles include the sitcoms Bosom Buddies (1980–1982) and The Powers That Be (1992–1993). Her film appearances include One Fine Day (1996), George of the Jungle (1997), The Truman Show (1998), and Legally Blonde (2001). She also wrote and starred in the solo play Ann, based on the life and work of Ann Richards, for which she was nominated for the 2013 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Awards and nominations
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
5.3 Theater
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Taylor was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,[1] the daughter of Virginia (née Davis), a painter, and C. Tracy Taylor, an attorney.[2][3] She is the youngest of three girls in the family; her sisters are Patricia and Pamela, and through Pamela, she is the aunt of director Brad Anderson.[4] She attended high school at Westtown School, a Quaker boarding school in West Chester, Pennsylvania. She majored in drama at Bennington College[5] graduating in 1964, before moving to New York City to become an actress.[6]
Career[edit]
Taylor began in the theater. Throughout the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, she appeared in numerous Broadway and off-Broadway productions, including starring roles in Simon Gray's Butley and A. R. Gurney's The Cocktail Hour; for the latter, she was nominated for a Drama Desk award. In 1983, Taylor appeared in Breakfast with Les and Bess, which prompted the New York magazine theatre critic John Simon to sing, "...Miss Taylor is one of the few utterly graceful, attractive, elegant and technically accomplished actresses in our theatre...seeing her may turn you, like me, into a Taylor freak..."[7]
Taylor took the role of Denise Cavanaugh on the soap opera, The Edge of Night, who killed herself just to frame her husband. Then encouraged by her acting coach, Stella Adler, Taylor took a role that would make her well known: Tom Hanks' sexy, demanding boss in the 1980s sitcom Bosom Buddies.[8]
She proved herself to be equally adept at both comedy and drama.[6] In 1985, she co-starred with Lisa Eilbacher in the ABC detective series Me and Mom. Two years later, she played opposite Alan Arkin in the short-lived ABC sitcom Harry, in which she received "starring" billing. In 1990, Taylor reunited with former Bosom Buddies executive producers Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett for a role on their ABC sitcom Going Places, playing grand dame television producer Dawn St. Claire for the show's first 13 episodes. From 1992-93, she starred in Norman Lear's The Powers That Be with John Forsythe and David Hyde Pierce, playing the wife of Forsythe's character, a U.S. senator.[citation needed]
In early 1994, she joined the cast of Saved by the Bell: The College Years as Dean Susan McMann, just episodes before its cancellation. Following this was her role as high-powered newspaper editor Camilla Dane on the ABC/NBC sitcom The Naked Truth; Taylor was one of the few cast members to last all the way through the show's run, from 1995-98.[citation needed]
She played the part of Judge Roberta Kittleson on The Practice. Originally intended to be a one-time appearance, the role lasted from 1998 to 2003. She won the Emmy for Best Supporting Actress in 1999; in her acceptance speech, she is remembered for claiming the statue and exclaiming, "Overnight!" Taylor thanked David E. Kelley, The Practice's producer/writer and creator, for "giving me a chariot to ride up here on: A woman who puts a flag on the moon for women over 40—who can think, who can work, who are successes, who can cook, and who can COOK!"[citation needed]
Taylor was also nominated for an Emmy for her recurring role on AMC's The Lot, and has been nominated four times since 2003, for Best Supporting Actress for her role on the TV series Two and a Half Men, playing Evelyn Harper, the snobbish, overbearing mother of Charlie Sheen and Jon Cryer's characters. Taylor's television movie and series guest roles have been extensive and include appearances on ER and Veronica's Closet, and recurring roles on Ally McBeal and Monk, and as billionaire Peggy Peabody on The L Word.
Taylor's movie roles have included Reese Witherspoon's character's tough Harvard law professor in the 2001 comedy Legally Blonde, Tina Fey's character's mother in Baby Mama, The Truman Show, Happy Accidents, Next Stop Wonderland, George of the Jungle, The Wedding Date, How to Make an American Quilt, Romancing the Stone, D.E.B.S., Cop and a Half, and One Fine Day.
Taylor's animated roles include that of Prudence, the castle's majordomo and love interest of the Grand Duke, in Disney's Cinderella II and Cinderella III: A Twist in Time. She also played a role in the animated show American Dad! as Francine's biological mother.
Holland Taylor in 2008.
Taylor began researching, writing, and producing a one-woman play about the late Texas Governor Ann Richards in 2009.[6] The two-act play, originally titled Money, Marbles, and Chalk, starring Taylor as Richards, was first workshopped in May 2010 at The Grand 1894 Opera House in Galveston, Texas.[9] It was later retitled Ann: An Affectionate Portrait of Ann Richards[10] and opened in Chicago November 16, 2011, and was billed as a "pre-Broadway" engagement. It played at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, from December 17, 2011, through January 15, 2012. The show next opened on Broadway at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre on March 7, 2013. For this role, Taylor was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play.[11]
Personal life[edit]
On November 30, 2015, while answering a question about marriage in a radio interview with WNYC, Taylor revealed that she was in a relationship with a younger woman, and that most of her relationships have been with women.[12][13] Her partner was later reported to be the actress Sarah Paulson.[14][15][16][17] In March 2016, Taylor and Paulson's relationship was confirmed when Paulson stated during an interview that they had been dating since early 2015.[18]
Taylor has been a supporter of Aid For AIDS in Los Angeles, serving on their Honorary Board and as an ongoing participant in their largest annual fundraiser, Best In Drag Show, among other fundraising efforts.[19]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Emmy Awards
Year
Category
Title of Work
Result
1999 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series The Practice Won
2000 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series The Practice Nominated
2000 Outstanding Guest Actress - Comedy Series The Lot Nominated
2005 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series Two and a Half Men Nominated
2007 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series Two and a Half Men Nominated
2008 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series Two and a Half Men Nominated
2010 Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series Two and a Half Men Nominated
Tony Awards
Year
Category
Title of Work
Result
2013 Best Actress in a Play Ann Nominated
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1976 The Next Man TV Interviewer
1979 3 by Cheever: O Youth and Beauty! Beverly
1980 Fame Claudia Van Doren Uncredited
1983 Reuben, Reuben Uncredited
1984 Concealed Enemies Mrs. Marbury
1984 Romancing the Stone Gloria Hart
1985 Key Exchange Mrs. Fanshaw
1985 The Jewel of the Nile Gloria Hart
1987 Tales from the Hollywood Hills: Natica Jackson Ernestine King
1988 She's Having a Baby Sarah Briggs
1990 Alice Helen
1993 Cop and a Half Captain Rubio
1994 The Favor Maggie Sand
1995 To Die For Carol Stone
1995 How to Make an American Quilt Mrs. Rubens
1995 Last Summer in the Hamptons Davis
1995 Steal Big Steal Little Mona Rowland-Downey
1996 One Fine Day Rita
1997 George of the Jungle Beatrice Stanhope
1997 Just Write Emma Jeffreys
1997 Betty Crystal Ball
1998 The Unknown Cyclist Celia Uncredited
1998 The Truman Show Truman's Mother
1998 Next Stop Wonderland Piper Castleton
1999 The Sex Monster Muriel
2000 Happy Accidents Maggie Ann "Meg" Ford
2000 Mail to the Chief Katherine Horner
2000 Keeping the Faith Bonnie Rose
2001 Town & Country Mistress of Ceremonies
2001 Legally Blonde Professor Stromwell
2002 Fits and Starts
2002 Cinderella II: Dreams Come True Prudence (voice)
2002 Home Room Dr. Hollander
2002 Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams Grandma Helga Avellan
2003 Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over Grandma Helga Avellan
2003 Intent Judge Cavallo
2004 D.E.B.S. Mrs. Petrie
2005 The Wedding Date Bunny
2007 Cinderella III: A Twist in Time Prudence (voice)
2008 Baby Mama Rose
2010 The Chosen One Ruth
2018 Gloria Filming
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1969 J.T. Mrs. Arnold Television film
1971 Love Is a Many Splendored Thing Trish Wanamaker Unknown episodes
1973 Somerset Sgt. Ruth Winter Unknown episodes
1975 Beacon Hill Marilyn Gardiner Unknown episodes
1977 Kojak Elizabeth 1 episode
1977–1980 The Edge of Night Denise Norwood Cavanaugh, R.N. Unknown episodes
1980–1981 Bosom Buddies Ruth Dunbar 21 episodes
1981 ABC Afterschool Special Felicia Martin Episode: "My Mother Was Never a Kid"
1981–1983 All My Children Jill Ollinger Unknown episodes
1982 The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana Frances Shand Kydd Television film
1982 I Was a Mail Order Bride Dottie Birmington Television film
1983 The Love Boat Kathy Brighton 1 episode
1984 Kate & Allie Linda Cabot 1 episode
1985 Me and Mom Zena Hunnicutt Unknown episodes
1985 Perry Mason Returns Paula Gordon Television film
1987 Harry Ina Duckett, R.N. Unknown episodes
1987 Perfect Strangers Olivia Crawford 1 episode
1987–1989 CBS Summer Playhouse Fran Grogan 2 episodes
1989 Murder, She Wrote Winifred Thayer 1 episode
1990 Wiseguy Allison Royce 1 episode
1990 People Like Us Dolly Television film
1990 Big Deals Television film
1990–1991 Going Places Dawn St. Clare 3 episodes
1991 The Rape of Doctor Willis Dr. Greenway Television film
1992–1993 The Powers That Be Margaret Powers 20 episodes
1993 With Hostile Intent Lois Baxter Television film
1993–1994 Saved by the Bell: The College Years Dean Susan McMann 7 episodes
1994 Betrayal of Trust Mary Shelton Television film
1994 In the Best of Families: Marriage, Pride & Madness Florence Newsom Television film
1994 The Counterfeit Contessa Wallace Everett Television film
1994–1995 Diagnosis: Murder Agent Gretchen McCord 2 episodes
1995 A Walton Wedding Aunt Flo Television film
1995 Awake to Danger Dr. Joyce Lindley Television film
1995–1998 The Naked Truth Camilla Dane 23 episodes
1996 Something So Right Abigail 1 episode
1998–2003 The Practice Judge Roberta Kittleson 29 episodes
1998 Veronica's Closet Millicent 2 episodes
1998 Buddy Faro Olivia Vandermeer 1 episode
1999 ER Phyllis Farr 1 episode
1999 The Lot Letitia DeVine Unknown episodes
1999 My Last Love Marnie Morton Television film
1999–2000 Ally McBeal 2nd Woman in Face Bra Infomercial /
Judge Roberta Kittleson 2 episodes
2000 Strong Medicine Lillian Pynchon 1 episode
2000 DAG Katherine Twigg 1 episode
2000 The Living Edens Narrator 1 episode
2000 The Spiral Staircase Emma Warren Television film
2000 The Deadly Look of Love Evelyn McGinnis Television film
2001 Strange Frequency Marge Crowley Television film; segment: "Room Service"
2001 The Fighting Fitzgeralds Rose 1 episode
2001 The Day Reagan Was Shot Nancy Reagan Television film
2002 Fillmore! Mrs. Cornwall (voice) 1 episode
2003–2015 Two and a Half Men Evelyn Harper 101 episodes
2004–2008 The L Word Peggy Peabody 8 episodes
2005–2007 Monk Peggy Davenport 2 episodes
2007 American Dad! Mrs. Dawson (voice) Episode: "Big Trouble in Little Langley"
2012 Electric City Ruth Orwell (voice) 20 episodes
2012 McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade Grand Marshal Television special
2017 Mr. Mercedes Ida Silver 9 episodes
2017 The Orville Jeannie Mercer Episode: "Command Performance"
2017 Speechless Andrea Episode: "B-R-I-- BRITISH I-N-V-- INVASION"
2017 Good Behavior Alice Episode: "It's No Fun If It's Easy"
Theater[edit]
Broadway
The Devils, 1965/66
Butley, 1972/73
We Interrupt This Program..., 1975
Murder Among Friends, 1975/76
Something Old, Something New, 1977
Moose Murders, 1983
Ann, 2013
The Front Page, 2016
Off-Broadway
The Poker Session, 1967
The David Show, 1968
Tonight in Living Color, 1969
Colette, 1970
Fashion, 1974
Children, 1976
Drinks Before Dinner, 1979
Breakfast with Les and Bess, 1982/83
The Perfect Party, 1986
The Cocktail Hour, 1988/89
Love Letters, 1989
The Vagina Monologues, 1999
Ann: An Affectionate Portrait of Ann Richards, 2011
Ripcord, 2015
Regional
The Philanthropist, 1971
Passion Play, 1988
Kindertransport, 1996
A Delicate Balance
Black Comedy
Ann: An Affectionate Portrait of Ann Richards, 2016[20][21]
Los Angeles
The Unexpected Man in The Geffen Playhouse, 2001
Kindertransport in The Tiffany Theatre
Narrator – LA Philharmonic "Persephone, Stravinsky, Essa-Pekka Salonen, Conductor"
Narrator – LA Philharmonic "Ahknaten, Philip Glass, John Adams, Conductor"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bobbin, Jay (2005-08-21). "Checking in with Holland Taylor". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor profile". FilmReference.com. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
Jump up ^ C. Tracy Taylor, 77, Ex-allentown Lawyer obituary, mcall.com, May 2, 1989.
Jump up ^ Brad Anderson profile, filmreference.com; accessed June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor returns to role in 'Naked Truth'". The Vindicator. 1997-08-11. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rhodes, Joe (October 5, 2008). "Growing From Too Young to Grande Dame". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Simons, John (August 8, 1983). "Uppie with Auntie". New York. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Byrne, Bridget (November 8, 2004). "Stirring Things Up". Toledo Blade. Google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ron Oliveira (April 28, 2010). "A Play About Ann Richards". KEYE-TV. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "A Letter from Holland Taylor". The North Hollywood Arts Center. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor to Lead Pre-Broadway Run of ANN at Kennedy Center, 12/17-1/15". BroadwayWorld.com. November 10, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Greg (November 30, 2015). "Two and a Half Men mom Holland Taylor: 'My relationship is with a woman'". www.gaystarnews.com. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor Steps Off Her Island". www.wnyc.org. WNYC. November 30, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Riedlinger, Megan. "Rumors swirl that Holland Taylor, 72, is dating Sarah Paulson, 40".
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor says she hasn't 'come out' because she 'lives out'".
Jump up ^ "Holland Taylor Confirms She Is in a Relationship with a Much Younger Woman".
Jump up ^ Schulman, Michael (2 March 2016). "Sarah Paulson Opens Up About Acting, Marcia Clark and Dating Older Women". New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Taylor and Paulson in relationship since early 2015, ABC News, March 2016
Jump up ^ "Partners/Celebrity Support". Aid For AIDS. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
Jump up ^ "ANN – The Ann Richards Play – Official Site – Starring Holland Taylor".
Jump up ^ "ANN - ZACH Theatre".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holland Taylor.
Holland Taylor on IMDb
Holland Taylor at the Internet Broadway Database
Holland Taylor at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
Holland Taylor on Twitter
Holland Taylor Bio at CBS - Two and a Half Men
[hide]
v
t
e
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Barbara Hale (1959)
Pamela Brown (1962)
Glenda Farrell (1963)
Ruth White (1964)
Lee Grant (1966)
Agnes Moorehead (1967)
Barbara Anderson (1968)
Susan Saint James (1969)
Gail Fisher (1970)
Margaret Leighton (1971)
Jenny Agutter (1972)
Ellen Corby (1973)
Joanna Miles (1974)
Ellen Corby (1975)
Ellen Corby (1976)
Kristy McNichol (1977)
Nancy Marchand (1978)
Kristy McNichol (1979)
Nancy Marchand (1980)
Nancy Marchand (1981)
Nancy Marchand (1982)
Doris Roberts (1983)
Alfre Woodard (1984)
Betty Thomas (1985)
Bonnie Bartlett (1986)
Bonnie Bartlett (1987)
Patricia Wettig (1988)
Melanie Mayron (1989)
Marg Helgenberger (1990)
Madge Sinclair (1991)
Valerie Mahaffey (1992)
Mary Alice (1993)
Leigh Taylor-Young (1994)
Julianna Margulies (1995)
Tyne Daly (1996)
Kim Delaney (1997)
Camryn Manheim (1998)
Holland Taylor (1999)
Allison Janney (2000)
Allison Janney (2001)
Stockard Channing (2002)
Tyne Daly (2003)
Drea de Matteo (2004)
Blythe Danner (2005)
Blythe Danner (2006)
Katherine Heigl (2007)
Dianne Wiest (2008)
Cherry Jones (2009)
Archie Panjabi (2010)
Margo Martindale (2011)
Maggie Smith (2012)
Anna Gunn (2013)
Anna Gunn (2014)
Uzo Aduba (2015)
Maggie Smith (2016)
Ann Dowd (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 56151338
LCCN: no00018522
GND: 142111619
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holland_Taylor&oldid=815426987"
Categories:
1943 births
Living people
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Bennington College alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Actresses from Philadelphia
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
HIV/AIDS activists
Westtown School alumni
LGBT actresses
LGBT entertainers from the United States
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from May 2015
Articles with hCards
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Articles with IBDb links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Български
Čeština
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Tagalog
اردو
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 December 2017, at 19:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play

values:
/wiki/Thomas_L._Miller
mw-redirect
Thomas L. Miller

values:
/wiki/Robert_L._Boyett
mw-redirect
Robert L. Boyett

values:
/wiki/Going_Places_(American_TV_series)
mw-redirect
Going Places (American TV series)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress - Comedy Series

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series

values:
/wiki/Cinderella_II
mw-redirect
Cinderella II

values: John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

values:
/wiki/Best_In_Drag_Show
mw-redirect
Best In Drag Show

values:
/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards
mw-redirect
Primetime Emmy Awards

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series

values: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

values:
/wiki/Tony_Awards
mw-redirect
Tony Awards

values: Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (TV series)

values:
/wiki/Something_Old,_Something_New
mw-redirect
Something Old, Something New

values:
/wiki/Black_Comedy
mw-redirect
Black Comedy

values:
/wiki/The_Free_Lance-Star
mw-redirect
The Free Lance-Star

values:
/wiki/Toledo_Blade
mw-redirect
Toledo Blade

values:
/wiki/New_York_Times
mw-redirect
New York Times

values:
nofollow
external text
http://theannrichardsplay.com/index.php

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.zachtheatre.org/show/ann

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0852466/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.ibdb.com/Person/View/77792

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://twitter.com/HollandTaylor

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/56151338

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/142111619

values: Category:Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners

values: Category:LGBT entertainers from the United States

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2015

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Holland_Taylor
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: هولند تايلور – Arabic

values: Холанд Тейлър – Bulgarian

values: هالند تیلور – Persian

values: 홀랜드 테일러 – Korean

values: ホランド・テイラー – Japanese

values: Тейлор, Холланд – Russian

values: ہالینڈ ٹیلر – Urdu

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Holland_Taylor rootpage-Holland_Taylor skin-vector action-view


text:
1896 Summer Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Games of the I Olympiad
Host city
Athens, Greece
Nations participating
14[1]
Athletes participating
241[2]
Events
43 in 9 sports
Opening ceremony
April 6
Closing ceremony
April 15
Officially opened by
King George I
Stadium
Panathenaic Stadium
Summer
Paris 1900 >
The 1896 Summer Olympics (Modern Greek: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896, Therinoí Olympiakoí Agó̱nes 1896), officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history. Organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which had been created by Pierre de Coubertin, it was held in Athens, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896.
Winners were given a silver medal, while runners-up received a copper medal. Retroactively, the IOC has converted these to gold and silver, and awarded bronze medals to third placed athletes. Ten of the 14 participating nations earned medals. The United States won the most gold medals, 11; host nation Greece won the most medals overall, 46. The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spyridon Louis. The most successful competitor was German wrestler and gymnast Carl Schuhmann, who won four events.
Athens had been unanimously chosen to stage the inaugural modern Games during a congress organised by Coubertin in Paris on 23 June 1894, during which the IOC was also created, because Greece was the birthplace of the Ancient Olympic Games. The main venue was the Panathenaic Stadium, where athletics and wrestling took place; other venues included the Neo Phaliron Velodrome for cycling, and the Zappeion for fencing. The opening ceremony was held in the Panathenaic Stadium on 6 April, during which most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organising committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games. Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas.
The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. The Panathenaic Stadium, the only Olympic stadium used in the 1800s, overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event.[3] After the Games, Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures, including Greece's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the 1900 Summer Olympics were already planned for Paris and, except for the Intercalated Games of 1906, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the 2004 Summer Olympics, 108 years later.
Contents
[hide]
1 Reviving the Games
2 Organization
3 Venues
4 Calendar
5 Opening ceremony
6 Events
6.1 Athletics
6.2 Cycling
6.3 Fencing
6.4 Gymnastics
6.5 Sailing
6.6 Shooting
6.7 Swimming
6.8 Tennis
6.9 Weightlifting
6.10 Wrestling
7 Closing ceremony
8 Participating nations
8.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees
9 Medal count
10 Female competitors
11 Notes
12 External links
13 Further reading
Reviving the Games[edit]
During the 19th century, several small-scale sports festivals across Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games. The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium, which had been refurbished for the occasion, had an audience of 30,000 people.[4] Pierre de Coubertin, a French pedagogue and historian, adopted Dr William Penny Brookes' idea to establish a multi-national and multi-sport event—the ancient games only allowed male athletes of Greek origin to participate.[5][6] In 1890, Coubertin wrote an article in La Revue Athletique, which espoused the importance of Much Wenlock—a rural market town in the English county of Shropshire. It was here that, in October 1850, the local physician William Penny Brookes had founded the Wenlock Olympian Games, a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports, such as cricket, football and quoits.[7] Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organised under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Evangelis Zappas in 1859, 1870 and 1875.[8] The 1896 Athens Games was funded by the legacies of Evangelis Zappas and his cousin Konstantinos Zappas[9][10][11] and by George Averoff[12] who had been specifically requested by the Greek government, through crown prince Constantine, to sponsor the second refurbishment of the Panathenaic Stadium. This the Greek government did despite the fact that the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelis Zappas forty years earlier.[13]
With deep feeling towards Baron de Coubertin's courteous petition, I send him and the members of the Congress, with my sincere thanks, my best wishes for the revival of the Olympic Games.
—  King George of Greece (21 June 1894)[14]
On 18 June 1894, Coubertin organised a congress at the Sorbonne, Paris, to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries. Following his proposal's acceptance by the congress, a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen. Coubertin suggested that the Games be held concurrently with the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris. Concerned that a six-year waiting period might lessen public interest, congress members opted instead to hold the inaugural Games in 1896. With a date established, members of the congress turned their attention to the selection of a host city. It remains a mystery how Athens was finally chosen to host the inaugural Games. In the following years both Coubertin and Demetrius Vikelas would offer recollections of the selection process that contradicted the official minutes of the congress. Most accounts hold that several congressmen first proposed London as the location, but Coubertin dissented. After a brief discussion with Vikelas, who represented Greece, Coubertin suggested Athens. Vikelas made the Athens proposal official on 23 June, and since Greece had been the original home of the Olympics, the congress unanimously approved the decision. Vikelas was then elected the first president of the newly established International Olympic Committee (IOC).[15]
Organization[edit]
News that the Olympic Games would return to Greece was well received by the Greek public, media, and royal family. According to Coubertin, "the Crown Prince Constantine learned with great pleasure that the Games will be inaugurated in Athens." Coubertin went on to confirm that, "the King and the Crown Prince will confer their patronage on the holding of these games." Constantine later conferred more than that; he eagerly assumed the presidency of the 1896 organising committee.[16]
However, the country had financial troubles and was in political turmoil. The job of prime minister alternated between Charilaos Trikoupis and Theodoros Deligiannis frequently during the last years of the 19th century. Because of this financial and political instability, both prime minister Trikoupis and Stephanos Dragoumis, the president of the Zappas Olympic Committee, which had attempted to organise a series of national Olympiads, believed that Greece could not host the event.[17] In late 1894, the organising committee under Stephanos Skouloudis presented a report that the cost of the Games would be three times higher than originally estimated by Coubertin. They concluded the Games could not be held, and offered their resignation. The total cost of the Games was 3,740,000 gold drachmas.[18]
Demetrius Vikelas, the first president of the International Olympic Committee, was credited with the successful organisation of the 1896 Games
With the prospect of reviving the Olympic games very much in doubt, Coubertin and Vikelas commenced a campaign to keep the Olympic movement alive. Their efforts culminated on 7 January 1895 when Vikelas announced that crown prince Constantine would assume the presidency of the organising committee. His first responsibility was to raise the funds necessary to host the Games. He relied on the patriotism of the Greek people to motivate them to provide the required finances.[19] Constantine's enthusiasm sparked a wave of contributions from the Greek public. This grassroots effort raised 330,000 drachmas. A special set of postage stamps were commissioned; the sale of which raised 400,000 drachmas. Ticket sales added 200,000 drachmas. At the request of Constantine, businessman George Averoff agreed to pay for the restoration of the Panathenaic Stadium. Averoff would donate 920,000 drachmas[12] to this project.[20] As a tribute to his generosity, a statue of Averoff was constructed and unveiled on 5 April 1896 outside the stadium. It stands there to this day.[21]
Some of the athletes would take part in the Games because they happened to be in Athens at the time the Games were held, either on holiday or for work (e.g., some of the British competitors worked for the British embassy). A designated Olympic Village for the athletes did not appear until the 1932 Summer Olympics. Consequently, the athletes had to provide their own lodging.
The first regulation voted on by the new IOC in 1894 was to allow only amateur athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.[22] The various contests were thus held under amateur regulations with the exception of fencing matches.[23] The rules and regulations were not uniform, so the Organising Committee had to choose among the codes of the various national athletic associations. The jury, the referees and the game director bore the same names as in antiquity (Ephor, Helanodic and Alitarc). Prince George acted as final referee; according to Coubertin, "his presence gave weight and authority to the decisions of the ephors."[24]
Venues[edit]
Panorama of the Panathenaic Stadium
Seven venues were used for the 1896 Summer Olympics. Panathenaic Stadium was the main venue, hosting four of the nine sports contested. The city of Marathon served as host to the marathon event and the individual road race events. Swimming was held in the Bay of Zea, fencing at the Zappeion, sport shooting at Kallithea, and tennis at the Athens Lawn Tennis Club. Tennis was a sport unfamiliar to Greeks at the time of the 1896 Games.[25]
The Bay of Zea is a seaport and marina in the Athens area;[26] it was used as the swimming venue because the organizers of the Games wanted to avoid spending money on constructing a special purpose swimming venue.[27]
Four of the 1896 venues were reused as competition venues for the 2004 Games. The velodrome would be renovated into a football stadium in 1964 and was known as Karaiskakis Stadium.[28] This venue was renovated in 2003 for use as a football venue for the 2004 Games.[29] During the 2004 Games, Panathinaiko Stadium served as host for archery competitions and was the finish line for the athletic marathon event.[30] The city of Marathon itself served as the starting point for both marathon events during the 2004 Games.[31] The Zappeion served as the first home of the organizing committee (ATHOC) for the 2004 Games from 1998 to 1999, and served as the main communications center during those Games.[32][33]
Venue
Sports
Capacity
Ref.
Athens Lawn Tennis Club Tennis Not listed. [25]
Bay of Zea Swimming Not listed. [34]
Kallithea Shooting Not listed. [35]
Marathon (city) Athletics (Marathon (sport)), Cycling (Individual road race). Not listed. [36]
Neo Phaliron Velodrome Cycling (track) Not listed. [37]
Panathinaiko Stadium Athletics, Gymnastics, Weightlifting, and Wrestling 80,000 [38]
Zappeion Fencing Not listed. [39]
Calendar[edit]
● Opening ceremony ● Event competitions ● Event finals ● Closing ceremony
April
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ceremonies ● ●
Athletics ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Cycling ● ● ● ● ● ●
Fencing ● ● ●
Gymnastics ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Shooting ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Swimming ● ● ● ●
Tennis ● ● ● ●
Weightlifting ● ●
Wrestling ● ●
April
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Opening ceremony[edit]
The opening ceremony in the Panathenaic Stadium
On 6 April (25 March according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece), the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened; it was Easter Monday for both the Western and Eastern Christian Churches and the anniversary of Greece's independence.[40] The Panathenaic Stadium was filled with an estimated 80,000 spectators, including King George I of Greece, his wife Olga, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organising committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games with the words (in Greek):[41]
"I declare the opening of the first international Olympic Games in Athens. Long live the Nation. Long live the Greek people."
Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until 1960, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later: the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and the first officials' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games.[41]
Events[edit]
At the 1894 Sorbonne congress, a large roster of sports were suggested for the program in Athens. The first official announcements regarding the sporting events to be held featured sports such as football and cricket,[42] but these plans were never finalised, and these sports did not make the final list for the Games.[43] Rowing and yachting were scheduled, but had to be cancelled due to poor weather on the planned day of competition.[44] As a result, the 1896 Summer Olympics programme featured 9 sports encompassing 10 disciplines and 43 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.
Athletics (12)
Cycling
Road (1)
Track (5)
Fencing (3)
Gymnastics (8)
Sailing (0) (Canceled)
Shooting (5)
Swimming (4)
Tennis (2)
Weightlifting (2)
Wrestling (1)
Athletics[edit]
Main article: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics
The athletics events had the most international field of any of the sports. The major highlight was the marathon, held for the first time in international competition. Spyridon Louis, a previously unrecognised water carrier, won the event to become the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero. Although Greece had been favoured to win the discus and the shot put, the best Greek athletes finished just behind the American Robert Garrett in both events.[3]
No world records were set, as few top international competitors had elected to compete. In addition, the curves of the track were very tight, making fast times in the running events virtually impossible. Despite this, Thomas Burke, of the United States, won the 100-meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400-meter race in 54.2 seconds. Burke was the only one who used the "crouch start" (putting his knee on soil), confusing the jury. Eventually, he was allowed to start from this "uncomfortable position".[45]
Australian competitor Edwin Flack came to Athens to watch the games, but decided to compete in the athletics events. He won two races—the 800-meter and the 1500-meter.
Frenchmen Léon Flameng (left) and Paul Masson won four cycling events
Fencer Leonidas Pyrgos became the first Greek modern Olympic champion by winning the masters foil competition
The German individual gymnastics champions: Schuhmann, Flatow, and Weingärtner
Chile claims one athlete, Luis Subercaseaux, competed for the nation at the 1896 Summer Olympics. This makes Chile one of the 14 nations to appear at the inaugural Summer Olympic Games. Subercaseaux's results are not listed in the official report, though that report typically includes only winners and Subercaseaux won no medals.[46][46] A study conducted by Chilean forensic police decided (by use of facial recognition), that Subercaseaux was the participant in a famous photo of 100 meter's second series.[47]
Cycling[edit]
Main article: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
The rules of the International Cycling Association were used for the cycling competitions.[48] The track cycling events were held at the newly built Neo Phaliron Velodrome. Only one road event was held, a race from Athens to Marathon and back (87 kilometres).
In the track events, the best cyclist was Frenchman Paul Masson, who won the one lap time trial, the sprint event, and the 10,000 meters. In the 100 kilometres event, Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng. Flameng won the event, after a fall, and after stopping to wait for his Greek opponent Georgios Kolettis to fix a mechanical problem. The Austrian fencer Adolf Schmal won the 12-hour race, which was completed by only two cyclists, while the road race event was won by Aristidis Konstantinidis.[49]
Fencing[edit]
Main article: Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics
The fencing events were held in the Zappeion, which, built with money Evangelis Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games, had never seen any athletic contests before.[50] Unlike other sports (in which only amateurs were allowed to take part at the Olympics), professionals were allowed to compete in fencing, though in a separate event. These professionals were considered gentlemen athletes, just as the amateurs.[24]
Four events were scheduled, but the épée event was cancelled for unknown reasons. The foil event was won by a Frenchman, Eugène-Henri Gravelotte, who beat his countryman, Henri Callot, in the final.[50] The other two events, the sabre and the masters foil, were won by Greek fencers. Leonidas Pyrgos, who won the latter event, became the first Greek Olympic champion in the modern era.
Gymnastics[edit]
Main article: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics
The gymnastics competition was carried out on the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium. Germany had sent an 11-man team, which won five of the eight events, including both team events. In the team event on the horizontal bar, the German team was unopposed. Three Germans added individual titles: Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar event, Alfred Flatow won the parallel bars; and Carl Schuhmann, who also competed successfully in wrestling, won the vault. Louis Zutter, a Swiss gymnast, won the pommel horse, while Greeks Ioannis Mitropoulos and Nikolaos Andriakopoulos were victorious in the rings and rope climbing events, respectively.[51]
Sailing[edit]
German team at the 1896 Summer Olympics
A regatta of sailing boats was on the program of the Games of the First Olympiad for 31 March 1896. However this event had to be given up.
The Official English report states:
The Regatta could not take place because some special boats embarkation had not been provided for.
—  Charalambos Annino
The German version gives a bit more clues:
Die Wettkämpfe im Segeln wurden vereitelt, da man weder bei uns die besonderen Boote dafür besass, noch fremde Bewerber sich gemeldet hatten.
—  same source.
Shooting[edit]
Main article: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Held at a range at Kallithea, the shooting competition consisted of five events—two using a rifle and three with the pistol. The first event, the military rifle, was won by Pantelis Karasevdas, the only competitor to hit the target with all of his shots. The second event, for military pistols, was dominated by two American brothers: John and Sumner Paine became the first siblings to finish first and second in the same event. To avoid embarrassing their hosts, the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event, the free pistol. Sumner Paine won that event, thereby becoming the first relative of an Olympic champion to become Olympic champion himself.[52]
The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25-meter pistol event, as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required calibre. In their absence, Ioannis Phrangoudis won. The final event, the free rifle, began on the same day. However, the event could not be completed due to darkness and was finalised the next morning, when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion.[52]
Swimming[edit]
Main article: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Alfréd Hajós, the first Olympic champion in swimming, is one of only two Olympians to have won medals in both sport and art competitions
The swimming competition was held in the open sea because the organizers had refused to spend the money necessary for a specially constructed stadium. Nearly 20,000 spectators lined the Bay of Zea off the Piraeus coast to watch the events. The water in the bay was cold, and the competitors suffered during their races. There were three open events (men's 100-metre freestyle, men's 500-metre freestyle, and men's 1200 metre freestyle), in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors, all of which were held on the same day (11 April).[49]
For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary, this meant he could only compete in two of the events, as they were held too close together, which made it impossible for him to adequately recuperate. Nevertheless, he won the two events in which he swam, the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle. Hajós later became one of only two Olympians to win a medal in both the athletic and artistic competitions, when he won a silver medal for architecture in 1924. The 500-meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann, who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half.
Tennis[edit]
Main article: Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Although tennis was already a major sport by the end of the 19th century, none of the top players turned up for the tournament in Athens. The competition was held at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club, and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events. John Pius Boland, who won the event, had been entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford; the Greek, Konstantinos Manos. As a member of the Athens Lawn Tennis sub-committee, Manos had been trying, with the assistance of Boland, to recruit competitors for the Athens Games from among the sporting circles of Oxford University. In the first round, Boland defeated Friedrich Traun, a promising tennis player from Hamburg, who had been eliminated in the 100-meter sprint competition. Boland and Traun decided to team up for the doubles event, in which they reached the final and defeated their Greek and Egyptian opponents after losing the first set.[53]
Weightlifting[edit]
Main article: Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Launceston Elliot, winner of the one-armed weightlifting event, was popular with the Greek audience, who found him very handsome
The sport of weightlifting was still young in 1896, and the rules differed from those in use today. Competitions were held outdoors, in the infield of the main stadium, and there were no weight limits. The first event was held in a style now known as the "clean and jerk". Two competitors stood out: Scotsman Launceston Elliot and Viggo Jensen of Denmark. Both of them lifted the same weight; but the jury, with Prince George as the chairman, ruled that Jensen had done so in a better style. The British delegation, unfamiliar with this tie-breaking rule, lodged a protest. The lifters were eventually allowed to make further attempts, but neither lifter improved, and Jensen was declared the champion.[54]
Elliot got his revenge in the one hand lift event, which was held immediately after the two-handed one. Jensen had been slightly injured during his last two-handed attempt, and was no match for Elliot, who won the competition easily. The Greek audience was charmed by the Scottish victor, whom they considered very attractive. A curious incident occurred during the weightlifting event: a servant was ordered to remove the weights, which appeared to be a difficult task for him. Prince George came to his assistance; he picked up the weight and threw it a considerable distance with ease, to the delight of the crowd.[54]
Wrestling[edit]
Main article: Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Carl Schuhmann (left) and Georgios Tsitas shake hands before the final match of the wrestling competition
No weight classes existed for the wrestling competition, held in the Panathenaic Stadium, which meant that there would only be one winner among competitors of all sizes. The rules used were similar to modern Greco-Roman wrestling, although there was no time limit, and not all leg holds were forbidden (in contrast to current rules).
Apart from the two Greek contestants, all the competitors had previously been active in other sports. Weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot faced gymnastics champion Carl Schuhmann. The latter won and advanced into the final, where he met Georgios Tsitas, who had previously defeated Stephanos Christopoulos. Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes; it was continued the following day, when Schuhmann needed only fifteen minutes to finish the bout.[55]
Closing ceremony[edit]
On the morning of Sunday 12 April (3 April, according to Julian calendar then used in Greece) King George the great organised a banquet for officials and athletes (even though some competitions had not yet been held). During his speech, he made clear that, as far as he was concerned, the Olympics should be held in Athens permanently. The official closing ceremony was held the following Wednesday, after being postponed from Tuesday due to rain. Again the royal family attended the ceremony, which was opened by the national anthem of Greece and an ode composed in ancient Greek by George S. Robertson, a British athlete and scholar.[56]
Afterwards, the king awarded prizes to the winners. Unlike today, the first-place winners received silver medals, an olive branch and a diploma. Athletes who placed second received copper medals, a branch of laurel and a diploma. Third place winners did not receive a medal. Some winners also received additional prizes, such as Spyridon Louis, who received a cup from Michel Bréal, a friend of Coubertin, who had conceived the marathon event. Louis then led the medalists on a lap of honour around the stadium, while the Olympic Hymn was played again. The King then formally announced that the first Olympiad was at an end, and left the Stadium, while the band played the Greek national hymn and the crowd cheered.[56]
Like the Greek king, many others supported the idea of holding the next Games in Athens; most of the American competitors signed a letter to the Crown Prince expressing this wish. Coubertin, however, was heavily opposed to this idea, as he envisioned international rotation as one of the cornerstones of the modern Olympics. According to his wish, the next Games were held in Paris, although they would be somewhat overshadowed by the concurrently held Universal Exposition.[57]
Participating nations[edit]
Participating countries
The concept of national teams was not a major part of the Olympic movement until the Intercalated Games 10 years later, though many sources list the nationality of competitors in 1896 and give medal counts. There are significant conflicts with regard to which nations competed. The International Olympic Committee gives a figure of 14, but does not list them.[41] The following 14 are most likely the ones recognised by the IOC. Some sources list 12, excluding Chile and Bulgaria; others list 13, including those two but excluding Italy. Egypt is also sometimes included because of Dionysios Kasdaglis' participation. Belgium and Russia had entered the names of competitors, but withdrew.
[hide]Participating Nations
Australia – Prior to 1901 Australia was not a unified nation but six separately administered British colonies, but the results of Edwin Flack are typically given with him listed as Australian. (1)
Austria Austria-Hungary– Austria was part of Austria–Hungary at the time, though the results of Austrian athletes are typically reported separately. (3)
Bulgaria – The Bulgarian Olympic Committee claims that gymnast Charles Champaud was competing as a Bulgarian.[58] Champaud was a Swiss national living in Bulgaria. Mallon and de Wael both list Champaud as Swiss.[59] (1)
Chile – The Chilean Olympic Committee claims to have had one athlete, Luis Subercaseaux, compete in the 100, 400, and 800-meter races in the athletics programme.[60][61][62][63] No further details are given, and no mention is made of Subercaseaux in de Wael, or the Official Report. (1)
Denmark (3)
France (13)
Germany (19)
Great Britain – The United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ireland) maintains separate athletic organisations for each of its constituent countries. In the Olympic Games, the UK participates as a single entity, but conventionally under the name "Great Britain" rather than the more accurate "United Kingdom". (10)
Greece – Greek results typically include the results of competitors from Cyprus, Smyrna and Egypt.[64] Some sources give Cypriot results separately, though most count Anastasios Andreou, a Greek-Cypriot and the only athlete from Cyprus, as Greek (Cyprus was a protectorate of the United Kingdom at the time). Kasdaglis, an athlete of Greek origins living in Alexandria, Egypt, is listed by the IOC as Greek during his competition in the singles tennis competition but Kasdaglis and his doubles tennis teammate, Greek athlete Demetrios Petrokokkinos, are listed as a mixed team.[65] (169)
Hungary Austria-Hungary- Hungary is usually listed separately from Austria, despite the two being formally joined as Austria–Hungary at the time. (7)
Italy – The most prominent Italian involved with the games, Carlo Airoldi, was deemed a professional and excluded from competition. However, the shooter Giuseppe Rivabella was also Italian and did compete.[66][67] (1)
Sweden (1) – Although Sweden was in state union with Norway at the time, Norway did not send any athletes.
Switzerland (3)
United States (14)
Mixed team – Tennis doubles teams could consist of players from different countries; the IOC labels these Mixed Teams.
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees[edit]
[show]IOC
Country
Athletes
GRE Greece 169
GER Germany 19
USA United States 14
FRA France 13
GBR Great Britain 10
HUN Hungary 7
AUT Austria 3
DEN Denmark 3
SUI Switzerland 3
AUS Australia 1
BUL Bulgaria 1
ITA Italy 1
SWE Sweden 1
Total 241
Medal count[edit]
For more details on this topic, see 1896 Summer Olympics medal table.
A silver medal was awarded to the winner of each event
Ten of the 14 participating nations earned medals, in addition to three medals won by mixed teams, i.e. teams made up of athletes from multiple nations. The United States won the most gold medals* (11), while host nation Greece won the most medals overall (46) as well as the most silver* (17) and bronze* (19) medals, finishing with one fewer gold medal than the United States.[65]
During these inaugural Olympics, winners were given a silver medal, an olive branch, and a diploma, while runners-up received a copper medal, laurel branch, and diploma.[68][69] The IOC has retroactively assigned gold, silver and bronze medals to the three best placed athletes in each event to comport with more recent traditions.[65]
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Key Host nation (Greece)
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States (USA) 11 7 2 20
2 Greece (GRE) 10 17 19 46
3 Germany (GER) 6 5 2 13
4 France (FRA) 5 4 2 11
5 Great Britain (GBR) 2 3 2 7
6 Hungary (HUN) 2 1 3 6
7 Austria (AUT) 2 1 2 5
8 Australia (AUS) 2 0 0 2
9 Denmark (DEN) 1 2 3 6
10 Switzerland (SUI) 1 2 0 3
11 Mixed team (ZZX) 1 1 1 3
Total (11 NOCs)
43
43
36
122
Female competitors[edit]
Women were not allowed to compete at the 1896 Summer Olympics, because de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic and incorrect".[70] However, one woman, Stamata Revithi, ran the marathon course on 11 April, the day after the men had run the official race. Although she was not allowed to enter the stadium at the end of her race, Revithi finished the marathon in about five hours and 30 minutes, and found witnesses to sign their names and verify the starting and finishing times. Revithi intended to present this documentation to the Hellenic Olympic Committee, hoping that they would recognise her achievement. Neither her reports nor documents from the Hellenic Olympic Committee have been discovered to provide corroboration.[71]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The number, given by the International Olympic Committee, is open to interpretation and could be as few as 10 and as many as 15. There are numerous reasons for the disparity: National teams hardly existed at the time, and most athletes represented themselves or their clubs. In addition, countries were not always as well-defined as they are today. The number of countries here reflects the number used by most modern sources. See the relevant section for further details.
Jump up ^ This number of competitors is according to the International Olympic Committee. The identities of 179 competitors are known. Mallon & Widlund calculate 245 athletes, while De Wael finds 246.
^ Jump up to: a b Young (1996), 153
Jump up ^ The Modern Olympics, A Struggle for Revival by David C. Young, Chapter 4
Jump up ^ Bijkerk (2004), 457
Jump up ^ Toohey (2007), 20
Jump up ^ Mullins, "Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games"
Jump up ^ Matthews (2005), 66; Young (1996), 81
Jump up ^ Young (1996), p.117
Jump up ^ Memoire sure le conflit entre la Grece et la Roumanie concernant l'affaire Zappa – Athens 1893, by F. Martens
Jump up ^ L'affaire Zappa – Paris 1894, by G. Streit
^ Jump up to: a b Young (1996), p.128
Jump up ^ Young (1996), p.14
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 102
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 100–105
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 108
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 111–118
Jump up ^ Zarnowski (1992), 16–32
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 118. According to Young (2004), 153, "Vikelas and the other Greeks did most of the work. Coubertin did very little."
Jump up ^ Darling (2004), 135
Jump up ^ George Averoff Dead, New York Times
Jump up ^ Some scholars allege that during the Sorbonne congress Coubertin was led by tactical considerations, and used the amateur requirement only as a bait in order to realize his actual aim—namely the reintroduction of the Olympic Games—more quickly (Lennartz–Wassong [2004]), 20.
Jump up ^ Professionalism vs amateurism was one of the dominant themes of the 19th century regarding athletics. In Greece the amateurism of athletes debate was taken a step further to encompass the question of the participation of the lower classes in the Games. In 1870, during the Zappian Olympic Games, Philippos Ioannou, a classical scholar and professor, criticised the games, and attacked the ideal of amateurism. His contention was that they were a parody, because people from the working class had taken part in the games. Ioannou suggested that only young people from the upper class should be accepted in the following Olympiad (Professionals and Amateurs, Foundation of the Hellenic World).
^ Jump up to: a b Coubertin (1896), 46–47
^ Jump up to: a b History of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club. Archived 29 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine. (in English) & (in Greek) - accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Worldportsource.com profile of the Zea, Greece marina. - accessed 4 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Lennartz, Karl; Wassong, Stephen (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle. Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32278-3. OCLC 52418065. . p. 23.
Jump up ^ Stadia.gr profile of Karaiskakoid Stadium in 1895, 1964, and 2003. - accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Archived 19 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Volume 2. p. 324. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Archived 19 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Volume 2. pp. 237, 242, 244. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Archived 19 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Volume 2. p. 242. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. pp. 116-7.. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Archived 19 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Volume 2. p. 20. (Listed as Zappeio). Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Swimming (Men): 100-Meter Freestyle". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 897-8.
Jump up ^ 1896 Summer Olympic official report. Volume 2. pp. 83-4. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 1896 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. pp. 86-90, 100-2. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 1896 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. pp. 74-75, 97-99. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ 1896 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. pp. 31-49. Accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Zappeion history. - accessed 3 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Coubertin (1896), 42
*Martin–Gynn (2000), 7–8
^ Jump up to: a b c Athens 1896 – Games of the I Olympiad, International Olympic Committee
Jump up ^ "The ignorant Olympians".
Jump up ^ "No spot the Olympics? It's not cricket".
Jump up ^ Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 98–99, 108–109
Jump up ^ Sears (2001), 159
^ Jump up to: a b Fernando Arrechea Rivas. "Olimpismo". olimpismo2007.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Jump up ^ LUN. "www.lun.com". lun.com. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Jump up ^ Coubertin (1896), 46–47; Lennartz–Wassong (2004), 23
^ Jump up to: a b Lennartz-Wassong (2004), 23
^ Jump up to: a b Young (1996), 148
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 151
^ Jump up to: a b Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 76, 83–84
Jump up ^ Gillmeister (1995), 23–24
^ Jump up to: a b Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 70–71
Jump up ^ Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 93–94
^ Jump up to: a b Coubertin (1896), 50
Jump up ^ Young (1996), 156
Jump up ^ "Athens 1896". Bulgarian Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12.
Jump up ^ De Wael, KONRAD Gymnastics 1896
Jump up ^ Guttmann (1994), 128; "La Presencia de Chile en los Juegos Olimpicos". Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 2006-12-28. , Olympic Committee of Chile; McGehee (2000), 107
Jump up ^ aboutolympics.co.uk. "1896 Athens Olympics". Retrieved 21 February 2011. Fourteen nations were represented – Australia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, USA, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland
Jump up ^ Mallon, Bill, and Ture Widlund (1988). The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary (PDF). Jefferson: McFarland. p. 39. ISBN 0-7864-0379-9. Retrieved 21 February 2011. Across the field, in answer to the Herald's trumpet, come two Hungarians, a Chilian, a Frenchman, a German, an Englishman and an American, to run the 100-meters race
Jump up ^ Olympic Games Museum (2011). "Participating Countries – Olympic Games Athens 1896". olympic-museum.de. Archived from the original on 2011-11-27. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Gillmeister (1998), 364
^ Jump up to: a b c Athens 1896–Medal Table, International Olympic Committee
Jump up ^ De Wael, Shooting 1896
Jump up ^ "Giuseppe Rivabella". Sports-Reference. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
Jump up ^ Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 232–234
Jump up ^ IOC Olympic Museum exhibition panel, 2010
Jump up ^ "Women at the Olympic Games". topendsports.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Martin–Gynn (2000), 22
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1896 Summer Olympics.
"Athens 1896". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Almanac of the 18 June". Almanac of the Day. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
"Athens 1896". Bulgarian Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
Bijkerk, Anthony T. (2004). "Pierre de Coubertin". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle. Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32278-3. OCLC 52418065.
Coubertin, Pierre De; Hambidge, Jay (November 1896). "The Olympic Games of 1896". LIII (1). The Century Magazine. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
Coubertin, Pierre De; Timoleon J. Philemon, N.G. Politis and Charalambos Anninos (1897). The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896 (PDF). The Olympic Games in 1896 – Second Part. Athens: Charles Beck. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
Darling, Janina K. (2004). "Panathenaic Stadium, Athens". Architecture of Greece. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32152-3. OCLC 54500822. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
De Wael, Herman. "Herman's Top Athina 1896 Olympians". Archived from the original on 2007-11-30. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
"George Averoff Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 August 1899. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). Tennis: a Cultural History (PDF). Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-7185-0195-0. OCLC 67496016. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Gillmeister, Heiner (Winter 1995). "Olympic Tennis: Some Afterthoughts" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius. 3 (1): 23–25. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
Guttmann, Allen (1994). Games and Empires: Modern Sports and Cultural Imperialism. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10042-6. OCLC 231638134. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
"La Presencia de Chile en los Juegos Olimpicos" (in Spanish). Olympic Committee of Chile. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
Lennartz, Karl; Wassong, Stephen (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle. Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32278-3. OCLC 52418065. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W. H. (2000). "The Olympic Marathon". Running through the Ages. Human Kinetics. ISBN 0-88011-969-1. OCLC 42823784. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Matthews, George R. (2005). "The Ghost of Plato". America's First Olympics: The St. Louis Games Of 1904. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-1588-2. OCLC 58468164. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
McGehee, Richard V. (2000). "The Impact of Imported Sports on the Popular Culture of Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Mexico and Central America". In Ingrid Elizabeth Fey, Karen Racine. Strange Pilgrimages: Exile, Travel, and National Identity in Latin America (PDF). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8420-2694-0. OCLC 237382448. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
Mullins, Samuel P. "Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games". Proceedings of the International Olympic Academy–Selected 1980s Proceedings. University of Leeds. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
"Professionals and Amateurs". From Ancient Olympia to Athens of 1896. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
Sears, Edward S. (2001). "The Revival of the Olympic Games". Running through the Ages. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0971-1. OCLC 46650949. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Toohey, Kristine (2007). The Olympic Games: A Social Sciences Perspective. CABI. ISBN 1-84593-355-9.
Young, David C. (1996). The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7207-3.
Young, David C. (2004). "The Modern Olympic Games". A Brief History of the Olympic Games. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-1130-5. OCLC 54111254. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Zarnowski, C. Frank (Summer 1992). "A Look at Olympic Costs" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1 (1): 16–32. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
Further reading[edit]
Greenberg, Stan (1996). The Guinness Book of Olympic Facts and Feats. Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-639-1. OCLC 35921786.
Kluge, Volker (1997). Olympische Sommerspiele: die Chronik I. Berlin: Sportverlag. ISBN 3-328-00715-6. OCLC 38258227.
Lennartz, Karl (ed.) (1996). Die olympischen Spiele 1896 in Athen: Erläuterungen zum Neudruck des Offiziellen Berichtes. Kassel: Agon. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
MacAloon, John J (1982). This Great Symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the Origins of the Modern Olympic Games. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Michael Llewellyn (2004). Olympics in Athens 1896. The Invention of the Modern Olympic Games. London: Profile Books. ISBN 1-86197-342-X. OCLC 186174794.
Wallechinsky, David (2000). The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics. Woodstock: Overlook Press. ISBN 1-58567-033-2. OCLC 43561597.
Randall, David (2011). 1896: The First Modern Olympics (ebook). London: Blacktoad Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9570591-0-8. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Preceded by
Ancient Olympic Games Summer Olympic Games
Athens
I Olympiad (1896) Succeeded by
Paris
[show]
v
t
e
Olympic Games
Ceremonies
Charter
Participating nations
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Host cities
Bids
Venues
IOC
NOCs
Country codes
Medal
Medal tables
Medalists
Diploma
Scandals and controversies
Colonialism
Doping
Sports
Symbols
Torch relays
Pierre de Coubertin medal
Women
Deaths
WWI
Summer Games
1896 Athens
1900 Paris
1904 St. Louis
1908 London
1912 Stockholm
1916 Berlin
1920 Antwerp
1924 Paris
1928 Amsterdam
1932 Los Angeles
1936 Berlin
1940 Tokyo
1944 London
1948 London
1952 Helsinki
1956 Melbourne
1960 Rome
1964 Tokyo
1968 Mexico City
1972 Munich
1976 Montreal
1980 Moscow
1984 Los Angeles
1988 Seoul
1992 Barcelona
1996 Atlanta
2000 Sydney
2004 Athens
2008 Beijing
2012 London
2016 Rio de Janeiro
2020 Tokyo
2024 Paris
2028 Los Angeles
2032 TBD
Winter Games
1924 Chamonix
1928 St. Moritz
1932 Lake Placid
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1940 Sapporo
1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1948 St. Moritz
1952 Oslo
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1960 Squaw Valley
1964 Innsbruck
1968 Grenoble
1972 Sapporo
1976 Innsbruck
1980 Lake Placid
1984 Sarajevo
1988 Calgary
1992 Albertville
1994 Lillehammer
1998 Nagano
2002 Salt Lake City
2006 Turin
2010 Vancouver
2014 Sochi
2018 Pyeongchang
2022 Beijing
2026 TBD
2030 TBD
Ancient Olympic Games
Intercalated Games
1906
Paralympic Games
Youth Olympic Games
[show]
v
t
e
Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece
Australia
Austria
Bulgaria
Chile
Denmark
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Sweden
Switzerland
United States
Mixed teams
[show]
v
t
e
Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics (Athens)
Athletics
Cycling
Fencing
Gymnastics
Shooting
Swimming
Tennis
Weightlifting
Wrestling
[show]
v
t
e
Venues of the 1896 Summer Olympics
Athens Lawn Tennis Club
Bay of Zea
Kallithea
Marathon (city)
Neo Phaliron Velodrome
Panathenaic Stadium
Zappeion
Olympics portal
Greece portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 157754206
LCCN: n86132303
GND: 2021067-X
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&oldid=803519295"
Categories:
1896 Summer Olympics
19th century in Athens
1896 in Greek sport
History of Greece (1863–1909)
Olympic Games in Greece
Sports events in Athens
Summer Olympics by year
International sports competitions hosted by Greece
1896 in Greece
1896 in multi-sport events
First events
April 1896 sports events
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with Greek-language external links
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
EngvarB from April 2014
Use dmy dates from April 2016
Articles containing Greek-language text
CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Featured articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
Аҧсшәа
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Bikol Central
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
Қазақша
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
मराठी
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
Nāhuatl
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Олык марий
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
Sicilianu
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Walon
Yorùbá
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 October 2017, at 00:53.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a featured article. Click here for more information.

attrs: href title

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: th

value: span

value: sup

values: List of people who have opened the Olympic Games

values:
/wiki/Modern_Greek_language
mw-redirect
Modern Greek language

values:
/wiki/Sport_wrestling
mw-redirect
Sport wrestling

values:
/wiki/Evangelis_Zappas
mw-redirect
Evangelis Zappas

values:
/wiki/World%27s_Fair
mw-redirect
World's Fair

values:
/wiki/Royal_Family_of_Greece
mw-redirect
Royal Family of Greece

values:
/wiki/Theodoros_Deligiannis
mw-redirect
Theodoros Deligiannis

values:
/wiki/Stephanos_Dragoumis
mw-redirect
Stephanos Dragoumis

values:
/wiki/Stephanos_Skouloudis
mw-redirect
Stephanos Skouloudis

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece
mw-redirect
Prince George of Greece

values:
/wiki/Marathon_(sport)
mw-redirect
Marathon (sport)

values:
/wiki/Sport_shooting
mw-redirect
Sport shooting

values:
/wiki/Football_(soccer)
mw-redirect
Football (soccer)

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's road race

values:
/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium
mw-redirect
Panathinaiko Stadium

values: Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump

values: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kilometres

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 kilometres

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's time trial

values: Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 12 hour race

values: Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's foil

values: Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's masters foil

values: Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's team parallel bars

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's team horizontal bar

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's vault

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's pommel horse

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rings

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's parallel bars

values: Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rope climbing

values: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre military rifle

values: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre military pistol

values: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 30 metre free pistol

values: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol

values: Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions

values: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle

values: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle

values: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 500 metre freestyle

values: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 1200 metre freestyle

values: Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's singles

values: Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles

values: Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's two hand lift

values: Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's one hand lift

values: Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman

values:
/wiki/Olga_Konstantinova_of_Russia
mw-redirect
Olga Konstantinova of Russia

values:
/wiki/Sport_rowing
mw-redirect
Sport rowing

values:
/wiki/Crouch_start
mw-redirect
Crouch start

values:
/wiki/John_Paine_(sharpshooter)
mw-redirect
John Paine (sharpshooter)

values:
/wiki/Ioannis_Phrangoudis
mw-redirect
Ioannis Phrangoudis

values:
/wiki/National_anthem_of_Greece
mw-redirect
National anthem of Greece

values: Great Britain at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable jquery-tablesorter

values:
/wiki/Mixed_team_at_the_Olympics
mw-redirect
Mixed team at the Olympics

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; padding:1px .6em; background-color:#ccf; color:black; font-size:95%; line-height:1.25; text-align:center;

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:gold; width:6em;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:silver; width:6em;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:#cc9966; width:6em;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
width:6em;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: alt src title width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
text-align: center

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oaa.gr/history.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.coch.cl/museo.htm

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Pierre_De_Coubertin
mw-redirect
Pierre De Coubertin

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/54500822

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/67496016

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/231638134

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/42823784

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/58468164

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/237382448

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/46650949

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/54111254

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35921786

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/38258227

values: Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/186174794

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43561597

values:
nofollow
http://www.1896olympics.com/
external text

values:
col
navbox-title
3
background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF

values: List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games

values: List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games

values: List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
3
background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #DDEBFF;width:1%

values: padding:0em 0.25em -moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;

values: navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Template talk:Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Template:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Template talk:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics

values: Template talk:1896 Summer Olympic venues

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/157754206

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/2021067-X

values: Category:International sports competitions hosted by Greece

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles with Greek-language external links

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Articles containing Greek-language text

values: Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1896 – Arabic

values: Chuegos Olimpicos d'Atenas 1896 – Aragonese

values: Xuegos Olímpicos d'Atenes 1896 – Asturian

values: 1896 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani

values: ১৮৯৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla

values: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 – Belarusian

values: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: 1896 Olimpiko sa Tig-init – Central Bikol

values: Летни олимпийски игри 1896 – Bulgarian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: 1896. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian

values: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896 – Greek

values: Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 1896 – Spanish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۸۹۶ – Persian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Olympyske Simmerspullen 1896 – Western Frisian

values: Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 1896 – Irish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1896 – Armenian

values: 1896 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: I. Olimpijske igre - Atena 1896. – Croatian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: אולימפיאדת אתונה (1896) – Hebrew

values: Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары 1896 – Kazakh

values: 1896. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian

values: 1896 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian

values: 1896. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian

values: Летни олимписки игри 1896 – Macedonian

values: १८९६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi

values: العاب اوليمبيه صيفيه 1896 – Egyptian Arabic

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: १८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Nepali

values: Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Афине 1896 – Eastern Mari

values: ਪਹਿਲੀਆਂ ਉਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi

values: Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1896 – Polish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1896 – Portuguese

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1896 – Romanian

values: Летние Олимпийские игры 1896 – Russian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: 1896 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Sakha

values: 1896 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala

values: Poletne olimpijske igre 1896 – Slovenian

values: Летње олимпијске игре 1896. – Serbian

values: 1896 கோடை கால ஒலிம்பிக்கு விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil

values: Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1896 – Tatar

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: 1896 ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు – Telugu

values: โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1896 – Thai

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Літні Олімпійські ігри 1896 – Ukrainian

values: 1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1896 – Walloon

values: Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1896 – Yoruba

values: 1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-1896_Summer_Olympics rootpage-1896_Summer_Olympics vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view