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1980 Summer Olympics boycott
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Countries that boycotted the 1980 Games are shaded blue
The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.[1] The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Responses by country and continent
1.2 Athletes and sportspeople competing without national flags or anthems
2 Non-participating countries
3 Altered participation
3.1 Nations that did not participate in the Opening Ceremony
3.2 National teams represented at the Opening Ceremony by Chef de Mission
3.3 Nations under the Olympic Flag by their own athletes
3.4 Nations that competed under their respective NOC flag
4 Alternative events
5 Effects
6 See also
7 References
Background[edit]
Western governments first considered the idea of boycotting the Moscow Olympics in response to the situation in Afghanistan at the 20 December 1979 meeting of NATO representatives, a fortnight after the invasion of Afghanistan. The idea was not completely new: since 1975/1976 proposals for an Olympic boycott circulated widely among human rights activists and groups as a sanction for Soviet violations of human rights.[2] At that moment, not many of the member governments were interested in the proposal. The idea began to gain popularity in early January 1980 when Russian dissident Andrei Sakharov called for a boycott. On 14 January 1980, the Carter Administration joined Sakharov's appeal and set a deadline by which the Soviet Union must pull out of Afghanistan or face the consequences, including an international boycott of the games. On 26 January 1980, Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark announced that Canada, like the US, would boycott the Olympic Games if Soviet forces did not leave Afghanistan by 20 February 1980.[3]
When the deadline passed a month later without any change to the situation in Central Asia, Carter pushed U.S. allies to pull their Olympic teams from the upcoming games.[4][5]
In late January the Soviet regime prepared to face down this "hostile campaign". As Central Committee documents show, in addition to its own propaganda efforts it was relying on the International Olympic Committee and its 89 member committees to behave as in the past (e.g. after Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968), and not give in to pressure from national governments. It noted that the government and National Olympic Committee of France had already stated a willingness to participate.[6]
After its 24 April meeting, the head of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) Robert Kane told the International Olympic Committee (IOC) that the USOC would be willing to send a team to Moscow if there were a "spectacular change in the international situation" in the coming weeks.[7]
In an attempt to save the Games Lord Killanin, then president of the IOC, arranged to meet and discuss the boycott with Jimmy Carter and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, before the new 24 May deadline. Killanin insisted that the Games should continue as scheduled, while President Carter reaffirmed the US position. viz. to boycott the Games unless the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan.[8]
Several interventions at the late April 1980 Bilderberg meeting in Aachen included discussion of the implications of the boycott. The world would perceive a boycott, it was argued, as little more than a sentimental protest, not a strategic act. An African representative at the Bilderberg meeting voiced a different view: whether there was additional support outside the US or not, he believed, a boycott would be an effective symbolic protest and be dramatically visible to those within the Soviet Union.[9] Some Russian dissidents expressed an opinion that boycott would be a strong message to the Soviets who breached the Olympic rules to achieve their political goals.[10][11] The Carter administration brought considerable pressure to bear on other NATO Member-States to support the boycott. Their support was not universal.
The International Olympics Federations protested that the pressures by the US and other supporting countries for the boycott was an inappropriate means to achieve a political end, and the victims of this action would be the athletes.[12] German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt said that the American attitude that the allies "should simply do as they are told" was unacceptable,[13] although West Germany did join the boycott.
Responses by country and continent[edit]
Boxer Muhammad Ali was dispatched by the US administration to Tanzania, Nigeria, and Senegal to convince their leaders to join the boycott.[14][15][16] He also successfully convinced the Kenyan government to do that.[17]
Many countries ultimately joined the US in a full boycott of the Games. These included Japan and West Germany where Chancellor Schmidt was able to convince the National Olympic Committee (NOC) to support the boycott. China, the Philippines, Chile, Argentina and Canada also boycotted the Games entirely. Some of these countries competed at the alternative "Liberty Bell Classic" or Olympic Boycott Games held in Philadelphia that same year.
The governments of the United Kingdom, France, and Australia supported the boycott, but left any final decision over the participation of their country's athletes to their respective NOCs and the decision of their individual athletes. The United Kingdom and France sent a much smaller athletic delegation than would have originally been possible. The British associations that governed equestrian sports, hockey, and yachting completely boycotted the 1980 summer Olympics.[18][19]
Spain, Italy, Sweden, Iceland and Finland were other principal nations representing western Europe at the Games.[19] All these countries participated under a neutral flag with the Olympic anthem played in any ceremony. Italian athletes serving in its military corps could not attend the Games, however, because of the national government's official support of the boycott. Many events were affected by the loss of participants and some US-born athletes who were citizens of other countries, such as Italy and Australia, did compete in Moscow.
A firm enemy of the United States under Ayatollah Khomeini's new theocracy, Iran also boycotted the Moscow Games after Khomeini joined the condemnation by the United Nations and the Islamic Conference of the invasion of Afghanistan.[20] Independently of the United States, the Islamic Conference urged a boycott of Moscow after the invasion;[21] the Ayatollah meanwhile accused Moscow of arming the Baluchis against his regime.[20]
Many teams were avoided by Soviet television at the Games during the opening and closing ceremonies because their national governments officially supported the boycott. Their national colors could not be flown nor could their anthems be played (Australia, Andorra, Belgium, Denmark, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Spain, and Switzerland).
Athletes and sportspeople competing without national flags or anthems[edit]
Lord Killanin permitted NOC-qualified athletes to compete at the Games without their national flags or anthems (which allowed NOCs to send athletes in a non-national context) but this did not allow other individuals lacking NOC sanction to participate in the Games as this was perceived by the IOC as a potential weakening of their authority.[7] Four competitors (including one athlete) from New Zealand competed independently and marched under their NOC flag because the government officially supported the boycott.[22] The athletes of 16 countries did not fly their national flags. Instead Olympic flags were raised and the Olympic Anthem replaced their national anthems at the medal ceremonies. There was one awards ceremony where three Olympic flags were raised.
Other modifications were made in the Games activities, such as when the Boycott prevented Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau from attending the Moscow Games. Sandra Henderson and Stéphane Préfontaine, the final torchbearers at the previous games, were sent in his stead to participate in the Antwerp Ceremony at the opening ceremony, and at the closing ceremony, the Los Angeles city flag (rather than the United States flag) was raised to symbolize the next host of the Olympic Games. The Antwerp flag was received by an IOC member from the USA instead of the mayor of Los Angeles, Tom Bradley; there was no handover to Los Angeles ceremony at the closing.
Non-participating countries[edit]
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"We will go to the Olympics", Anti-boycott sticker, published by the Communist Youth Federation of Spain.
Sixty-six countries that were invited to participate in the 1980 Olympics did not do so for various reasons including support for the boycott and economic reasons. Qatar could not be invited until IOC recognition which occurred in 1980 but too late to be invited. Taiwan refused to participate as a result of the 1979 Nagoya Resolution, in which the People's Republic of China agreed to participate in IOC activities if Taiwan was referred to as "Chinese Taipei". However, China boycotted the 1980 Moscow Games as well.
Albania
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Egypt
El Salvador
Fiji
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Ivory Coast
Japan
Kenya
South Korea
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Malawi
Malaysia
Mauritania
Mauritius
Monaco
Morocco
Netherlands Antilles
Niger
Norway
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Somalia
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Togo
Tunisia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
United States
Uruguay
Virgin Islands
West Germany
Zaire
Altered participation[edit]
The sixteen nations that follow participated in the Games under some adjustment to full conventional participation in the Games activities.
Nations that did not participate in the Opening Ceremony[edit]
Seven countries participated in the Games without taking part in the Opening Ceremony:[23]
Belgium
France
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
San Marino
Switzerland
[clarification needed]
National teams represented at the Opening Ceremony by Chef de Mission[edit]
Two nations sent one representative each (Chef de Mission) who entered the Olympic stadium during the Opening Ceremony under the Olympic flag; for each country this was a token gesture, as their governments allowed athletes to take part in the Games if they chose to do so. Ireland also competed under the Olympic flag, rather than its own.
Great Britain – Richard Palmer[24]
Ireland – Ken Ryan[25]
Nations under the Olympic Flag by their own athletes[edit]
At least 5 national teams participated at the Games under the Olympic flag rather than their respective National or NOC flags, as doing the latter would have denoted that their participation was officially sanctioned by their respective nations.[23]
Australia
Andorra
Denmark
Puerto Rico
Ireland
Nations that competed under their respective NOC flag[edit]
Spain
Portugal
New Zealand
Alternative events[edit]
Events were staged separately in several sports, including the Liberty Bell Classic for track and field[26] and the USGF International Invitational for gymnastics. At the U.S. Swimming Nationals, the split and finishing times from the corresponding Olympic events the previous week were displayed on the scoreboards so that a virtual comparison of medals "won" by U.S. swimmers could be kept.[27]
Effects[edit]
American athletes are still affected by the boycott today; a University of Alabama media guide gave the history of all former students who were Olympic athletes.[28]
See also[edit]
Olympics portal
Soviet Union portal
Cold War portal
1980 Summer Olympics
1984 Summer Olympics boycott
1986 Asian Games[29]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Smothers, Ronald (July 19, 1996). "OLYMPICS;Bitterness Lingering Over Carter's Boycott". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ U. Tulli, "Bringing Human Rights In: The Campaign Against the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games and the Origins of the Nexus Between Human Rights and the Olympic Games", in The Intenrational Journal of the History of Sport, Vol.33, Issue 16 (2016-2017) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09523367.2017.1315104
Jump up ^ "Birth of Wayne Gretzky - Historica Canada". www.historicacanada.ca.
Jump up ^ "The Olympic Boycott, 1980". U.S. Department of State Archive.
Jump up ^ Smith, Terence (January 20, 1980). "The President Said Nyet". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Secretariat: Planning a response to the hostile campaign against participation in the Moscow Olympics, 29 January 1980, St 195/3, The Bukovsky Archives: Communism on Trial.
^ Jump up to: a b American Embassy Memorandum to Secretary of State, "Olympics: Lausanne IOC EXCOM Meeting", 23 April 1980, US Department of State, FOIA
Jump up ^ Secretary of State Memorandum to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts Immediate, "Olympics: Mid-May Update", 16 May 1980, US Department of State, FOIA
Jump up ^ Bilderberg meeting report Aachen, 1980. Retrieved 16 June 2009. Archived 19 June 2009.
Jump up ^ "How the Russians break the Olympic rules". The Christian Science Monitor.
Jump up ^ "The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ American Embassy Memorandum to Secretary of State and White House, "Olympics: IOC Message to Mr. Cutler", April 27, 1980, US Department of State, FOIA
Jump up ^ Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan (2010). Dropping the Torch: Jimmy Carter, the Olympic Boycott, and the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1139788566. p. 121.
Jump up ^ Sarantakes. Dropping the Torch, pp. 115–118.
Jump up ^ Honey, Martha (4 February 1980). "Ali Spars With Second Thoughts As Africans Argue Boycott Issue". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Ezra, Michael (June 5, 2016). "Muhammad Ali's Strange, Failed Diplomatic Career". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Cuddihy, Martin (June 9, 2016). "Muhammad Ali: Africa remembers the boxing legend". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved September 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (April 23, 1980). "Governments slapped for boycott pressure". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. p. C1. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b 1980 Summer Olympics Official Report from the Organizing Committee Archived June 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine., vol. 2, p. 190.
^ Jump up to: a b Golan, Galia; Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War Two to Gorbachev; p. 193 ISBN 9780521358590
Jump up ^ Freedman, Robert O.; Moscow and the Middle East: Soviet Policy since the Invasion of Afghanistan, p. 78 ISBN 0-521-35976-7
Jump up ^ 1980 Moscow. olympic.org.nz
^ Jump up to: a b "Partial Boycott – New IOC President". Keesing's Record of World Events. 26: 30599. December 1980.
Jump up ^ Fimrite, Ron (July 28, 1980). "Only The Bears Were Bullish". SI Vault; CNN. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Olympics chief feared protests". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. December 30, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Neff, Craig (28 July 1980). "...and meanwhile in Philadelphia". Sports Illustrated. 53 (5): 18. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Marshall, Joe (11 August 1980). "All that glitter was not gold". Sports Illustrated. 53 (7): 32. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Nafziger, James (1980). "Diplomatic Fun and Games: A Commentary on the United States Boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics". Willamette Law Reviewq. 1: 67–82.
Jump up ^ Caraccioli, Tom (2008). Boycott: Stolen Dream of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Washington D.C.: New Chapter Press.

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Tip of My Tongue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Tip of My Tongue (disambiguation).
"Tip of My Tongue"
Single by Tommy Quickly
B-side
"Heaven Only Knows"
Released
August 1963 (UK)
Format
7"
Recorded
1963
Genre
Beat
Label
Pye Piccadilly 7N 35137 (UK)
Songwriter(s)
Lennon-McCartney
Tommy Quickly singles chronology
"Tip of My Tongue"
(1963) "Kiss Me Now"
(1963)
"Tip of My Tongue"
(1963) "Kiss Me Now"
(1963)
"Tip of My Tongue"
Single by The Badbeats
B-side
"One and One Is Two"
Released
January 1979 (USA)
Format
7"
Recorded
27 December 1978
Genre
Power Pop
Label
Beat Bad Records1000 (USA)
Songwriter(s)
Lennon–McCartney
Producer(s)
Barry Knoedl & Bill Kern
"Tip of My Tongue" is a single by Tommy Quickly backed by The Remo Four. Written by Paul McCartney and attributed to the songwriting partnership of Lennon–McCartney, it was one of their relatively few songs that were never officially released by the Beatles. Several takes of this song were apparently recorded on 26 November 1962 at EMI Studios, although George Martin was dissatisfied with the results. This session has yet to emerge on any of the Beatles bootlegs.
Surprisingly, although Quickly's version was released in the UK as Beatlemania was taking off, the single was a flop and proved merely the first of a series of career disappointments for the singer. "Tip of My Tongue" remains one of only two original A-sides written by Lennon–McCartney not to have at least made the UK charts upon its initial release; the other was Peter and Gordon's "I Don't Want to See You Again", which did at least chart in the US, peaking at #16.
Covers[edit]
"Tip of My Tongue" was also recorded by the Badbeats on Beat Bad Records (USA) in 1979. The single was backed with another Lennon–McCartney song, "One and One Is Two". This single was the first release for either of these songs in the USA.
Recordings of "Tip of My Tongue" as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs: Lennon & McCartney[1][2] and on the 1998 release It's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix.[3][4] Liverpool band Revolver included this song on their album Northern Songs in 1990, an album full of songs written by the Beatles, but not released by them.
It has also been covered by Seattle-based Beatles cover band Apple Jam on their album Off the Beatle Track.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bas Muys, Lennon & McCartney Secret Songs (Vinyl)". Tagtuner.com. 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
Jump up ^ "Bas Muys - Lennon & McCartney Secret Songs (Vinyl)". Gnudb.org. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
Jump up ^ "It's Four You". Answers.com. 1998-08-21. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
Jump up ^ "It's Four You". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-08-21.

This article about a song by one or more members of the Beatles is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Jawalamukhi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Jawalamukhi
Jawalaji
city
Jawalamukhi
Jawalamukhi
Show map of Himachal Pradesh Show map of India Show all
Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 31°53′N 76°19′E / 31.88°N 76.32°E / 31.88; 76.32Coordinates: 31°53′N 76°19′E / 31.88°N 76.32°E / 31.88; 76.32
Country
India
State
Himachal Pradesh
District
Kangra
Elevation
610 m (2,000 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total
5,361
Languages
• Official
Hindi
Time zone
IST (UTC+5:30)
Vehicle registration
HP-
Jawalamukhi is a Shakti peetha town and a nagar parishad in Kangra district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Hindu genealogy registers at Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh are kept here.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
2 Demographics
3 Area profile of Jawalamukhi town
4 Jwalamukhi Devi Temple
5 The Jwalamukhi shrine as a Shakti Peeth
6 References
Geography[edit]
Jawalamukhi is located at 31°53′N 76°19′E / 31.88°N 76.32°E / 31.88; 76.32.[1] It has an average elevation of 610 metres (2,001 feet).
Demographics[edit]
At the 2001 India census,[2] Jawalamukhi had a population of 4931. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.
Area profile of Jawalamukhi town[edit]
As of 2001[update] India census,[2]
Number of Households - 1,012
Average Household Size (per Household) - 5.0
Population-Total - 4,931
Population-Urban - 4,931
Proportion of Urban Population (%) - 100
Population-Rural - 0
Sex Ratio - 906
Population (0-6 Years) - 608
Sex Ratio (0-6 Year) - 961
SC Population - 812
Sex Ratio (SC) - 961
Proportion of SC (%) - 16.0
ST Population - 0
Sex Ratio (ST) - 0
Proportion of ST (%) - 0
Literates - 3,777
Illiterates - 1,154
Literacy Rate (%)
Jwalamukhi Devi Temple[edit]
Jwalamukhi is a famous temple to the goddess Jwalamukhi, the deity of flaming mouth. Raja Bhumi Chand Katoch of Kangra, a great devotee of goddess Durga, dreamt of the sacred place and the Raja set people to find out the whereabouts of the site. The site was traced and the Raja built a temple at that location.[3] The building is modern with a gilt dome and pinnacles, and possesses a beautiful folding door of silver plates. Under the gaze of the Dhauladhar range and set amidst the undulating hills that character sub-Himalayan Himachal Sati's tongue is believed to have fallen at Jwalamukhi and the goddess is manifest as tiny flames that burn a flawless blue through fissures in the age old rock.
The temple located on a small spur on the Dharamsala-Shimla road at a distance of about 20 km from the Jwalamukhi Road Railway Station attracts hundreds of thousands of pilgrims every year. No idol is located in the temple and the deity is worshipped in the form of flames which come out from the crevices of the rock. There is a small platform in front of the temple and a (check usage) big mandap where a huge brass bell presented by the King of Nepal is hung. Usually milk and water are offered and the ahutis or oblations are offered to the sacred flames in the pit, situated in the centre of the temple in between the floor pillars supporting the roof.
The deity is offered Bhog of Rabri or thickened milk, Misri or candy, seasonal fruits, milk. There is a mystic Yantra or diagram of the goddess, which is covered with, shawls, ornaments and mantras are recited. The puja has different 'phases' and goes on practically the whole day. Aarti is performed five times in the day, havan is performed once daily and portions of Durga Saptasati are recited. The temple is closed from 11.30am to 12.30pm for Aarti. The Mughal Emperor Akbar once tried to extinguish the flames by covering them with an iron disk and even channelizing water to them. But the flames blasted all these efforts. Akbar then presented a golden parasol (chattar) at the shrine. However, his cynicism at the power of devi caused the gold to debase into another metal which is still unknown to the world. His belief in the deity was all the more strengthened after this incident. Thousands of pilgrims visit the shrine round the year to satisfy their spiritual urge.[4]
Maharaja Ranjit Singh paid a visit to the temple in 1815 and the dome of the temple was gold-plated by him. Just a few feet above the Jwalamukhi temple there is a six-feet deep pit with a circumference of about three-feet. At the bottom of this pit there is another small pit about one and a half feet deep with hot water bubbling all the time.
The temple is identified as one among the 52 Shakti Peethas. It is also one of the most renowned temples of Goddess Durga.[5]
The Jwalamukhi shrine as a Shakti Peeth[edit]
Main articles: Daksha Yaga and Shakti Peethas
Shiva carrying the corpse of Sati Devi
The shrine is regarded as a Maha Shakti Peetham. It is believed that Sati Devi's tongue fell here. Shakti Peethas are shrines of Devi, the primordial Mother Goddess. Each Shakti Peetha has a shrine for the Shakti and Bhairava. Siddhida (Ambika)is the Shakti and Unmatta Bhairava is the Kalabhairava. The Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit literature and even had impact on the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and there by strengthening Shaktism. Enormous stories in puranas took the Daksha yaga as the reason for its origin. It is an important incident in Shaivism resulting in the emergence of Shree Parvati in the place of Sati Devi and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder).[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jawalamukhi
^ Jump up to: a b "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
Jump up ^ www.himachalhillstations.com/jawala-ji.html
Jump up ^ http://jawalaji.in/legend/
Jump up ^ www.durga-puja.org/jwalamukhi-temple.html
Jump up ^ "Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal". http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/. Kottiyoor Devaswam. Retrieved 2013-07-20. External link in |work= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jawalamukhi&oldid=808176556"
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Hook (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hook
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan
Directed by
Steven Spielberg
Produced by
Kathleen Kennedy
Frank Marshall
Gerald R. Molen
Screenplay by
Jim V. Hart
Malia Scotch Marmo
Story by
Jim V. Hart
Nick Castle
Based on
Peter and Wendy
by J. M. Barrie
Starring
Dustin Hoffman
Robin Williams
Julia Roberts
Bob Hoskins
Maggie Smith
Amber Scott
Charlie Korsmo
Music by
John Williams
Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Edited by
Michael Kahn
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
Distributed by
TriStar Pictures
Release date
December 11, 1991 (1991-12-11)
Running time
141 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$70 million[2]
Box office
$300.9 million
Hook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg[3] and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Bob Hoskins as Smee, Maggie Smith as Wendy, Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning, and Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning. It acts as a sequel to J. M. Barrie's 1911 novel Peter and Wendy focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic corporate lawyer with a wife (Wendy's granddaughter) and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, he returns to Neverland in order to save them. Along the journey he reclaims the memories of his past and becomes a better person.
Spielberg began developing the film in the early 1980s with Walt Disney Productions and Paramount Pictures, which would have followed the story line seen in the 1924 silent film and 1953 animated film. It entered pre-production in 1985, but Spielberg abandoned the project. James V. Hart developed the script with director Nick Castle and TriStar Pictures before Spielberg decided to direct in 1989. It was shot almost entirely on sound stages at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. It received mixed reviews from critics, and while it was a commercial success, its box office take was lower than expected. It was nominated in five categories at the 64th Academy Awards. It also spawned merchandise, including video games, action figures, and comic book adaptations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Inspiration
3.2 Pre-production
3.3 Filming
4 Soundtrack
5 Video games
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Peter Banning is a successful corporate lawyer living in San Francisco. As a workaholic, he spends little time with his wife, Moira, and children, 12-year-old Jack and 7-year-old Maggie, and even misses Jack's Little League Baseball game, which is straining his relationships with them. They fly to London to visit Moira's grandmother, Wendy Darling. Wendy is ostensibly the true creator of the Peter Pan stories, with J. M. Barrie, her childhood neighbor merely having transcribed the tales. During their stay, Peter angrily yells at the children while their playing disturbs his important call, leading to an audacious argument with Moira, who throws his cellphone out of the window.
Peter, Moira and Wendy go out to a charity dinner honoring Wendy's long life of charitable service to orphans. Upon their return, they discover the house has been ransacked and the children have been abducted. A cryptic ransom note, signed Captain James Hook, has been pinned to the playroom door with a dagger. Wendy confesses to Peter that the stories of Peter Pan are true and that Peter himself is Pan, having lost all of his childhood memories when he fell in love with Moira. In disbelief, he gets drunk up in the playroom, but Tinker Bell appears and takes him to Neverland to rescue his children from Hook.
Hook and his pirates confront Peter but become depressed when they realize he does not remember his former life and identity. Tinker Bell makes a deal with Hook that Peter will regain his memories in three days for a climactic battle. He is reacquainted with the Mermaids and meets the new generation of Lost Boys, led by Rufio, who refuses to believe that he is the real Peter Pan. They help him train, and in the process he regains his imagination and lost youth. One of them, Thud Butt, gives him marbles that were left behind by Tootles, who is now an old man living with Wendy. Elsewhere, Smee talks Hook into manipulating Jack and Maggie into loving him to break Peter's will. While Maggie refuses to be taken in, Jack comes to view Hook as a father figure.
Hook arranges a makeshift baseball game for Jack, which Peter watches as Hook treats Jack like his own son. Horrified, Peter runs off and tries to fly, but is led to the old treehouse of the Lost Boys by his own shadow. Tinker Bell helps him remember his childhood and how he fell in love with Moira, and he realizes his happy thought is being a father. He flies up into the sky, returning as Peter Pan, and Rufio surrenders his sword and leadership back to him. The child-minded Peter returns to Tinker Bell who grows human-sized and kisses him, reminding him of his reason for being in Neverland. On the third day, he and the Lost Boys attack the pirates as promised, leading to a lengthy battle. He rescues Maggie and promises to be a better father to both her and Jack. Rufio fights a duel with Hook but is mortally wounded and dies in Peter's arms.
Peter and Hook duel, leading to Peter's victory. Refusing to leave honorably, Hook attacks Peter one last time, but the stuffed crocodile, whom Hook once feared, springs to life and his mouth falls on top of him, eating Hook. Peter gives his sword to Thud Butt, promoting him the new leader of the Lost Boys, and leaves Neverland for good. He awakens in Kensington Gardens, meeting a sweeper who bears a strong resemblance to Smee and bidding farewell to Tinker Bell, who confesses her unrequited love to him before vanishing. He climbs up the drain pipe of Wendy's house, reuniting and reconciling with his family and returning Tootles' marbles to him. Tootles discovers the bag contains pixie dust, and he flies out the window to return to Neverland. Wendy wonders if Peter's adventures are over, but he replies, “To live would be an awfully big adventure” as we see Tootles fly off before the screen fades.
Cast[edit]
See also: Characters of Peter Pan
Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan
Ryan Francis as teenage Peter Pan
Max Hoffman as young Peter Pan
Matthew Van Ginkel as baby Peter Pan
Dustin Hoffman as Captain James Hook
Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell
Lisa Wilhoit as Tinker Bell in a flashback in which Peter is a baby
Bob Hoskins as Mr. Smee
Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning
Amber Scott as Maggie Banning
Maggie Smith as Wendy Darling
Gwyneth Paltrow as young Wendy Darling
Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning
Laurel Cronin as Liza, Wendy's maid
Phil Collins as Inspector Good, the British police detective[4]
Arthur Malet as the older Tootles
Isaiah Robinson as Pockets
Jasen Fisher as Ace
Dante Basco as Rufio
Raushan Hammond as Thud Butt
James Madio as Don't Ask
Thomas Tulak as Too Small
Alex Zuckerman as Latchboy
Ahmad Stoner as No Nap
Kelly Rowan as Peter Pan's mother
David Crosby as Tickles, a member of Hook's pirate crew
Tony Burton and Nick Tate as Bill Jukes and Noodler, members of Hook's pirate crew who serve as his security entourage
Glenn Close as Gutless, a male pirate who is punished by Hook
Jimmy Buffett (uncredited) as the pirate who attempts to steal Peter's shoes
George Lucas and Carrie Fisher (both uncredited) as the kissing couple on the bridge who are sprinkled with pixie dust as Tinker Bell carries Peter to Neverland
Production[edit]
Inspiration[edit]
Spielberg found close personal connection to the Peter Pan story from his own childhood. The troubled relationship between Peter and Jack in the sequel echoed Spielberg's relationship with his own father. Previous Spielberg films that explored a dysfunctional father-son relationship included E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Peter's "quest for success" paralleled Spielberg starting out as a film director and transforming into a Hollywood business magnate.[5] "I think a lot of people today are losing their imagination because they are work-driven. They are so self-involved with work and success and arriving at the next plateau that children and family almost become incidental. I have even experienced it myself when I have been on a very tough shoot and I've not seen my kids except on weekends. They ask for my time and I can't give it to them because I'm working."[6] Like Peter at the beginning of the film, Spielberg has a fear of flying. He feels that Peter's "enduring quality" in the storyline is simply to fly. "Anytime anything flies, whether it's Superman, Batman, or E.T., it's got to be a tip of the hat to Peter Pan," Spielberg reflected in a 1992 interview. "Peter Pan was the first time I saw anybody fly. Before I saw Superman, before I saw Batman, and of course before I saw any superheroes, my first memory of anybody flying is in Peter Pan."[6]
Pre-production[edit]
J. M. Barrie considered writing a story in which Peter Pan grew up; his 1920 notes for the latest stage revival of Peter Pan included possible titles for another play: The Man Who Couldn't Grow Up or The Old Age of Peter Pan.[7] The genesis of the film started when Spielberg's mother often read him Peter and Wendy as a bedtime story. He explained in 1985, "When I was eleven years old I actually directed the story during a school production. I have always felt like Peter Pan. I still feel like Peter Pan. It has been very hard for me to grow up, I'm a victim of the Peter Pan syndrome."[8]
In the early 1980s, Spielberg began to develop a film with Walt Disney Pictures that would have closely followed the storyline of the 1924 silent film and 1953 animated film.[6] He also considered directing it as a musical with Michael Jackson in the lead.[9] Jackson expressed interest in the part, but was not interested in Spielberg's vision of an adult Peter Pan who had forgotten about his past.[10] The project was taken to Paramount Pictures, where James V. Hart wrote the first script with Dustin Hoffman already cast as Captain Hook.[9] It entered pre-production in 1985 for filming to begin at sound stages in England. Elliot Scott had been hired as production designer.[6] With the birth of his first son, Max, in 1985, Spielberg decided to drop out. "I decided not to make Peter Pan when I had my first child," Spielberg commented. "I didn't want to go to London and have seven kids on wires in front of blue screens. I wanted to be home as a dad."[9] Around this time, he considered directing Big, which carried similar motifs and themes with it.[9] In 1987, he "permanently abandoned" it, feeling he expressed his childhood and adult themes in Empire of the Sun.[11]
Meanwhile, Paramount and Hart moved forward on production with Nick Castle as director. Hart began to work on a new storyline when his son, Jake, showed his family a drawing. "We asked Jake what it was and he said it was a crocodile eating Captain Hook, but that the crocodile really didn't eat him, he got away," Hart reflected. "As it happens, I had been trying to crack Peter Pan for years, but I didn't just want to do a remake. So I went, 'Wow. Hook is not dead. The crocodile is. We've all been fooled'. In 1986 our family was having dinner and Jake said, 'Daddy, did Peter Pan ever grow up?' My immediate response was, 'No, of course not'. And Jake said, 'But what if he did?' I realized that Peter did grow up, just like all of us baby boomers who are now in our forties. I patterned him after several of my friends on Wall Street, where the pirates wear three-piece suits and ride in limos."[12]
Filming[edit]
By 1989, Ian Rathbone changed the title to Hook, and took it from Paramount to TriStar Pictures, headed by Mike Medavoy, who was Spielberg's first talent agent. Robin Williams signed on, but he and Hoffman had creative differences with Castle. Medavoy saw the film as a vehicle for Spielberg and Castle was dismissed, but paid a $500,000 settlement.[12] Dodi Fayed, who owned certain rights to make a Peter Pan film, sold his interest to TriStar in exchange for an executive producer credit.[13] Spielberg briefly worked together with Hart to rewrite the script[6] before hiring Malia Scotch Marmo to rewrite Captain Hook's dialog and Carrie Fisher for Tinker Bell's. The Writers Guild of America gave Hart and Marmo screenplay credit, while Hart and Castle were credited with the story. Fisher went uncredited. Filming began on February 19, 1991, occupying nine sound stages at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California.[2] Stage 30 housed the Neverland Lost Boys playground, while Stage 10 supplied Captain Hook's ship cabin. Hidden hydraulics were installed to rock the setpiece to simulate a swaying ship, but the filmmakers found the movement distracted the dialogue, so the idea was dropped.[14]
Stage 27 housed the full-sized Jolly Roger and the surrounding Pirate Wharf.[14] Industrial Light & Magic provided the visual effects sequences. This marked the beginning of Tony Swatton's career, as he was asked to make weaponry for the film. It was financed by Amblin Entertainment and TriStar Pictures, with TriStar distributing it. Spielberg brought on John Napier as a "visual consultant", having been impressed with his work on Cats. The original production budget was set at $48 million, but ended up between $60–80 million.[2][15] The primary reason for the increased budget was the shooting schedule, which ran 40 days over its original 76-day schedule. Spielberg explained, "It was all my fault. I began to work at a slower pace than I usually do."[15]
Spielberg's on-set relationship with Julia Roberts was troubled, and he later admitted in an interview with 60 Minutes, "It was an unfortunate time for us to work together." In a 1999 Vanity Fair interview, Roberts said that Spielberg's comments “really hurt my feelings.” She “couldn’t believe this person that I knew and trusted was actually hesitating to come to my defense . . . it was the first time that I felt I had a turncoat in my midst.”[16]
Soundtrack[edit]
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Hook: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Film score by John Williams
Released
November 26, 1991 (1991-11-26) (original)
March 27, 2012 (2012-03-27) (reissue)[17]
Length
75:18 (original)
140:34 (reissue)
Label
Epic Records (original)
La-La Land Records (reissue)
John Williams chronology
Home AloneString Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found Hook JFKString Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found
The film score was composed and conducted by John Williams. He was brought in at an early stage when Spielberg was considering making the film as a musical. Accordingly, he wrote around eight songs for the project at this stage. The idea was later abandoned. Most of his song ideas were incorporated into the instrumental score, though two songs survive as songs in the finished film: "We Don't Wanna Grow Up" and "When You're Alone", both with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse.
The original 1991 issue was released by Epic Records.[18] In 2012, a limited edition of the soundtrack, called Hook: Expanded Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, was released by La-La Land Records and Sony Music. It contains almost the complete score with alternates and unused material. It also contains liner notes that explain the film's production and score recording.
Commercial songs from film, but not on soundtrack
"Pick'em Up" – Music by John Williams and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse
"Take Me Out to the Ball Game" – Written by Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer
Video games[edit]
Main article: Hook (video game)
A video game based on the film and bearing the same name was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1991. The game was released for additional game consoles in 1992.[19]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Spielberg, Williams, and Hoffman did not take salaries for the film. Their deal called for them to split 40% of TriStar Pictures' gross revenues. They were to receive $20 million from the first $50 million in gross theatrical film rentals, with TriStar keeping the next $70 million in rentals before the three resumed receiving their percentage.[2] The film was released in North America on December 11, 1991, earning $13,522,535 in its opening weekend. It went on to gross $119,654,823 in North America and $181,200,000 in foreign countries, accumulating a worldwide total of $300,854,823.[20] It is the sixth-highest-grossing "pirate-themed" film, behind all five films in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series.[21] In North America totals, it was the sixth-highest-grossing film in 1991,[22] and fourth-highest-grossing worldwide.[23] It ended up making a profit of $50 million for the studio, yet it was still declared a financial disappointment,[24] having been overshadowed by the release of Disney's Beauty and the Beast and a decline in box-office receipts compared to the previous years.[25]
Critical response[edit]
Steven Spielberg later admitted in interviews that he wasn't very fond of Hook.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 29% of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 41 reviews, certifying it "Rotten", with an average rating of 4.4/10. The site's consensus states: "The look of Hook is lively indeed but Steven Spielberg directs on autopilot here, giving in too quickly to his sentimental, syrupy qualities."[26] On Metacritic, the film has a 52 out of 100 rating, based on 19 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[27] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times stated that "The sad thing about the screenplay for Hook is that it’s so correctly titled: This whole construction is really nothing more than a hook on which to hang a new version of the Peter Pan story. No effort is made to involve Peter’s magic in the changed world he now inhabits, and little thought has been given to Captain Hook’s extraordinary persistence in wanting to revisit the events of the past. The failure in Hook was its inability to re-imagine the material, to find something new, fresh or urgent to do with the Peter Pan myth. Lacking that, Spielberg should simply have remade the original story, straight, for the '90s generation."[28] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine felt it would "only appeal to the baby boomer generation" and highly criticized the sword-fighting choreography.[29] Vincent Canby of The New York Times felt the story structure was not well balanced, feeling Spielberg depended too much on art direction.[30] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post was one of few who gave it a positive review. Hinson elaborated on crucial themes of children, adulthood, and loss of innocence. However, he observed that Spielberg "was stuck too much in a theme park world".[31] Perry Seibert of allmovie gave the film his very low star rating, and described it as the worst film in Steven Spielberg's Career.
The film was nominated for five categories at the 64th Academy Awards. This included Best Production Design (Norman Garwood, Garrett Lewis) (lost to Bugsy), Best Costume Design (lost to Bugsy), Best Visual Effects (lost to Terminator 2: Judgment Day), Best Makeup (lost to Terminator 2: Judgment Day) and Best Original Song ("When You're Alone", lost to Beauty and the Beast).[32] It lost the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film to Aladdin, in which Williams co-starred,[33] while cinematographer Dean Cundey was nominated for his work by the American Society of Cinematographers.[34] Hoffman was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (lost to Williams for The Fisher King).[35] John Williams was given a Grammy Award nomination for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media;[36] Julia Roberts received a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress (lost to Sean Young as the dead twin in A Kiss Before Dying).[37]
In 2011, Spielberg told Entertainment Weekly: "There are parts of Hook I love. I'm really proud of my work right up through Peter being hauled off in the parachute out the window, heading for Neverland. I'm a little less proud of the Neverland sequences, because I'm uncomfortable with that highly stylized world that today, of course, I would probably have done with live-action character work inside a completely digital set. But we didn't have the technology to do it then, and my imagination only went as far as building physical sets and trying to paint trees blue and red."[38] Spielberg gave a more blunt assessment in a 2013 interview on Kermode & Mayo's Film Review Show: "I wanna see Hook again because I so don't like that movie, and I'm hoping someday I'll see it again and perhaps like some of it."[39]
In 2018, Spielberg told Empire Magazine, "I felt like a fish out of water making Hook ... I didn’t have confidence in the script. I had confidence in the first act and I had confidence in the epilogue. I didn’t have confidence in the body of it." He added "I didn’t quite know what I was doing and I tried to paint over my insecurity with production value," admitting “the more insecure I felt about it, the bigger and more colorful the sets became."[40]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "HOOK (U)". British Board of Film Classification. January 17, 1992. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Joseph McBride (1997). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. New York City: Faber and Faber. p. 411. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.
Jump up ^ "Hook". TCM database. Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Phil Collins. Not Dead Yet. London, England: Century Books. p. 270/2. ISBN 978-1-780-89513-0.
Jump up ^ McBride, p. 413.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ana Maria Bahiana (March 1992). "Hook", Cinema Papers, pp. 67—69.
Jump up ^ Andrew Birkin (2003). J.M. Barrie and the Lost Boys. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09822-8.
Jump up ^ McBride, p.42—43
^ Jump up to: a b c d McBride, p. 409.
Jump up ^ "Michael Jackson Was Steven Spielberg's First Choice To Play Peter Pan In 'Hook'". Starpulse.com. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
Jump up ^ Myra Forsberg (1988-01-10). "Spielberg at 40: The Man and the Child". The New York Times. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b McBride, p. 410.
Jump up ^ Medavoy, Mike and Young, Josh (2002). You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot (p. 230). New York City: Atria Books
^ Jump up to: a b DVD production notes
^ Jump up to: a b McBride, p. 412.
Jump up ^ Desta, Yohana. "15 On-Set Beefs That Will Go Down in Hollywood History". Retrieved March 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "HOOK 2CD Set Includes 'Over 65 minutes of Music Previously Unreleased'". JWFan. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hook - John Williams". AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Marriott, Scott Alan. "Hook – Overview (SNES)". AllGame. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hook". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
Jump up ^ "Pirate Movies". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
Jump up ^ "1991 Domestic Totals". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
Jump up ^ "1991 Worldwide Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
Jump up ^ Dretzka, Gary. "Medavoy's Method." Chicago Tribune (December 8, 1996).
Jump up ^ Medavoy, Mike and Young, Josh (2002). You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot (p. 234-235). New York City: Atria Books
Jump up ^ "Hook". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
Jump up ^ "Hook reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
Jump up ^ "Hook". Roger Ebert.com. 1991-12-11. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
Jump up ^ Peter Travers (1991-12-11). "Hook". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
Jump up ^ Vincent Canby (1991-12-11). "Hook". The New York Times. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Hal Hinson (1991-12-11). "Hook". The Washington Post. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Hook". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2008-09-20. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2005. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "7th Annual Awards". American Society of Cinematographers. Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
Jump up ^ "49th Golden Globe Awards". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Grammy Awards of 1991". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Twelfth Annual RAZZIE Awards". Golden Raspberry Award. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (December 2, 2011), "Steven Spielberg: The EW Interview", Entertainment Weekly .
Jump up ^ "Steven Spielberg interviewed by Kermode and Mayo". Youtube.com. 26 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Why Steven Spielberg Was Unhappy With Hook". Retrieved March 27, 2018.
Bibliography[edit]
Terry Brooks (December 17, 1991). Hook (Hardcover). novelization of the film. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-449-90707-4.
Charles L.P. Silet (2002). The Films of Steven Spielberg. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4182-7.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Hook
Children's literature portal
Hook on IMDb
Hook at the TCM Movie Database
Hook at Box Office Mojo
Hook at Rotten Tomatoes
Hook at Metacritic
Sony Imagesoft's Hook at MobyGames
Ocean's Hook at MobyGames
[show]
v
t
e
J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan
Characters
and setting
Main
Peter Pan
Wendy Darling
Captain Hook
Mr. Smee
Tinker Bell
Tiger Lily
Other
Neverland
Lost Boys
Pixie Hollow
Cast members
Literary
adaptations
Official books/plays
The Little White Bird
Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens
Peter and Wendy (play, book)
Peter Pan in Scarlet
Starcatchers books
Peter and the Starcatchers
Peter and the Shadow Thieves
Peter and the Secret of Rundoon
Peter and the Sword of Mercy
The Bridge to Never Land
Never Land Books
Film
adaptations
Peter Pan films
Peter Pan (1924)
Peter Pan (1953)
Peter Pan (1988)
Hook
Return to Never Land
Neverland
Peter Pan (2003)
Pan
Tinker Bell films
Tinker Bell
Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure
Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue
Pixie Hollow Games
Secret of the Wings
Pixie Hollow Bake Off
The Pirate Fairy
Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast
Adaptations
Television
1976 musical
The Adventures of Peter Pan
Peter Pan & the Pirates
Jake and the Never Land Pirates
Once Upon a Time
Neverland
Peter Pan Live!
Peter and Wendy
Stage
1950 musical
1954 musical
Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure
Peter and the Starcatcher
Peter Pan 360
Peter and Alice
Finding Neverland (musical)
Wendy & Peter Pan
Peter Pan Goes Wrong
Disney's Peter Pan Jr.
Video games
Peter Pan and the Pirates
Peter Pan: Adventures in Never Land
Kingdom Hearts
Hook
Prose
The Child Thief
Graphic novels
Peter Pank
Lost Girls
Marvel Fairy Tales
Music
Albums
The Wendy Trilogy
Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust
"Lost Boy" (Ruth B song)
Somewhere in Neverland
"Peter Pan" (Kelsea Ballerini song)
Attractions
Disney on Ice
Fantasmic!
Peter Pan's Flight (ride)
Pixie Hollow
Allusions
Never Never Land
Biographies
The Lost Boys
Finding Neverland
Related
Llewelyn Davies boys
Peter Pan syndrome/Wendy dilemma
Peter Pan copyright
Disney franchise
Peter Pan statue
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Steven Spielberg
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Films directed
Firelight (1964)
Slipstream (1967)
Amblin' (1968)
Night Gallery ("Eyes" segment, 1969)
L.A. 2017 (1971)
Duel (1971)
Something Evil (1972)
Savage (1973)
The Sugarland Express (1974, also wrote)
Jaws (1975)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, also wrote)
1941 (1979)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Twilight Zone: The Movie ("Kick the Can" segment, 1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
The Color Purple (1985)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Always (1989)
Hook (1991)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schindler's List (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Amistad (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001, also wrote)
Minority Report (2002)
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
The Terminal (2004)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Munich (2005)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
The Adventures of Tintin (2011)
War Horse (2011)
Lincoln (2012)
Bridge of Spies (2015)
The BFG (2016)
The Post (2017)
Ready Player One (2018)
Films written
Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973)
Poltergeist (1982, also produced)
The Goonies (1985)
Films produced
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)
Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
Super 8 (2011)
The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
Television
Amazing Stories (1985–87)
High Incident (1996–97)
Invasion America (1998)
See also
Steven Spielberg bibliography
Amblin Partners
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Films produced by Gerald R. Molen
Hook (1991)
Schindler's List (1993)
Jurassic Park (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
The Other Side of Heaven (2001)
Minority Report (2002)
The Legend of Johnny Lingo (2003)
2016: Obama's America (2012)
America: Imagine the World Without Her (2014)
Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hook_(film)&oldid=832692916"
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1991 films
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Films scored by John Williams
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Films produced by Gerald R. Molen
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