text:
Nicky Nichols
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Nicole "Nicky" Nichols
Orange Is the New Black character
Natasha Lyonne as Nicky Nichols
First appearance
"I Wasn't Ready"
Season 1, episode 1
July 11, 2013
Portrayed by
Natasha Lyonne
Carla Oudin (in flashback scenes)
Information
Full name
Nicole Nichols
Family
Marka Nichols (mother)
Red (Prison Mother)
Tricia Miller (Former Prison Sister, Deceased)
Significant other(s)
Lorna Morello (complicated)
Nationality
American
Nicole Nichols is a fictional character played by Natasha Lyonne on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. She is a recurring character in season one and a main character from season two onwards. Lyonne received an Emmy nomination in 2014 for the role.
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting and background
2 Storylines
2.1 Season 1
2.2 Season 2
2.3 Season 3
2.4 Season 4
3 Critical commentary
4 See also
5 References
Casting and background[edit]
Natasha Lyonne had intended to audition for the part of Lorna Morello but, according to Lyonne, "they wouldn’t let me [audition for Morello], because they already liked me for Nicky."[1] Yael Stone, who had auditioned for the role of Nichols, was cast as Morello.
Lyonne feels that she can relate closely to Nichols' storyline as she has had experience of drug addiction. She says, "believe me, there's no shortage of things for me to draw on when it comes to Nicky's backstory".[2] The scar that is visible on Nichols' chest during the series is a real scar from Lyonne's heart surgery in 2012.[3] Orange Is the New Black is Lyonne's first time as a series regular.[4]
Storylines[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Nichols is first seen in the premier episode.[5] Early on, she becomes friends with the series' protagonist Piper Chapman (played by Taylor Schilling). Nichols has a sexual relationship with Lorna Morello which ends in the fifth episode because Morello says that she wants to remain loyal to her fiancé and complains that Nichols is "making her feel like a cave".[6] Galina "Red" Reznikov (played by Kate Mulgrew) is a close friend and 'mother figure' to Nichols, however, the two have a disagreement when Red cuts off fellow inmate Tricia Miller (played by Madeline Brewer) and allows her to be sent to solitary confinement.[7] Nichols retaliates against Red by reporting to a correctional officer exactly how Red manages to smuggle contraband into the prison.[8] In the final episode of the season, Nichols is seen to be seducing Alex Vause (played by Laura Prepon), who is a love interest of Chapman.[9]
Season 2[edit]
Nichols engages in a competition with Carrie "Big Boo" Black (played by Lea DeLaria) to see who can have sex with the most women in the prison.[10] Nichols spends a long time trying to seduce one of the correctional officers. She is not successful.[11] Eventually, they both call it a draw at 36 points and engage in a 'cookie-eating contest' instead.[12] The other major storyline for Nichols in this season involves heroin that she accepts from another inmate.[13]
Season 3[edit]
Nichols and Big Boo, attempt to sell their stash of heroin and they cooperate with correctional officer Joel Luschek, who finds a buyer.[14] Nichols then says that it has been stolen but, in reality, she has hidden it for her own use. Other inmates Leanne Taylor (played by Emma Myles) and Angie Rice (played by Julie Lake) find the heroin and start taking it. Luschek discovers this and confiscates the drug.[15] When assistant warden Joe Caputo (played by Nick Sandow) discovers the heroin, Luschek blames Nichols and Nichols is sent to a maximum security prison.[16] This is Nichols' last appearance in the third season.[17]
Season 4[edit]
In the midst of season 4 Nichols can be seen in one episode as a maximum security inmate, along with Sophia Burset and Stella Carlin. Luschek repents of his actions against Nichols, and new inmate Judy King uses her connections to get her out of maximum security. She returns to minimum security where she is welcomed with a big party. Her drug problem persists, however.
Critical commentary[edit]
Sarah Karlan of BuzzFeed praised the character's "impossibly quick wit" and "perfectly deadpan delivery".[18] Rebekah Allen of SheWired had praise for both Lyonne and her character, "Natasha Lyonne is wonderful. Nicky is one of the best characters on Orange Is the New Black".[17] MTV's Crystal Bell called Nichols a "fan-favorite" and "our beloved smart mouth" and expressed disappointment at the character's departure from the series.[19]
Lyonne received an Emmy nomination for her role as Nichols. She lost out to fellow Orange Is the New Black actress Uzo Aduba.[20]
See also[edit]
List of Orange Is the New Black characters
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Busis, Hillary (June 23, 2014). "27 things we learned at the Orange Is the New Black press day". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rayford Rubenstein, Janine (July 31, 2014). "OITNB′s Natasha Lyonne Talks Emmys Jitters and Season 3 Spoilers: 'So Much Bloodshed'". People. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Yapalater, Lauren (July 30, 2013). "23 Surprising Facts About Orange Is The New Black". BuzzFeed. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brown, Emma. "Natasha Lyonne, Locked Up". Interview. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Danielle (July 19, 2013). "Orange Is the New Black Episode One Recap: A Nice White Lady". Vulture. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Danielle (August 2, 2013). "Orange Is the New Black Episode Five Recap: Definitely a Chicken". Vulture. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Davis, Ali (July 18, 2013). "Orange Is the New Black recap (1.8): Moscow Mule". After Ellen. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Danielle (August 13, 2013). "Orange Is the New Black Episode Eight Recap: Your Fault, Your Mess". Vulture. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Davis, Ali (July 25, 2013). "Orange Is the New Black recap (1.13): Can't Fix Crazy". After Ellen. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Barns, Sarah. "'Playing Big Boo is my dream come true,' says Orange Is The New Black′s Lea DeLaria". Daily Express. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Yahr, Emily (June 6, 2014). "Orange Is the New Black Season 2 recap: Halfway through already? Let's discuss". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Piccoli, Dana (June 23, 2014). "Orange Is the New Black recap (2.6): You Also Have a Pizza". After Ellen. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNutt, Myles (July 1, 2014). "Orange Is The New Black: "40 OZ Of Furlough"/"Little Mustachioed Shit"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Amatangelo, Amy (June 14, 2015). "Orange Is the New Black Review: "Mother's Day"/"Bed Bugs and Beyond"". Paste. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dornbush, Jonathon (June 11, 2015). "Empathy Is a Boner Killer". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Amatangelo, Amy (June 15, 2015). "Orange Is the New Black Review: "Empathy is a Boner Killer"/"Finger in the Dyke"". Paste. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Allen, Rebekah (July 29, 2015). "Natasha Lyonne Opens Up About that Dreadful Nicky Nichols Development in OITNB Season 3". SheWired. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Karlan, Sarah (June 12, 2014). "For Anyone Slowly Falling For Nicky Nichols On Orange Is The New Black". BuzzFeed. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bell, Crystal (June 15, 2015). "Did Orange Is The New Black Really Say Goodbye To This Fan-Favorite Character For Good?". MTV. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Primetime Emmy Awards 2014: The winners list". CNN. August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
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Orange Is the New Black
Characters
Piper Chapman
Alex Vause
Crazy Eyes
Nicky Nichols
Tiffany Doggett
Lorna Morello
Miss Rosa
Poussey Washington
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
Related
Piper Kerman
Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison
"You've Got Time"
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Grab (company)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
GrabTaxi Holdings Pte Ltd
Formerly called
My Teksi/GrabTaxi (2012–2016)
Type
Privately held company[1][2]
Industry
Transportation,
Delivery (commerce)
Financial services
Founded
June 2012; 5 years ago (2012-06)[3] (as GrabTaxi)
Founders
Anthony Tan
Tan Hooi Ling[4]
Headquarters
Malaysia (2012–2014)[5]
Singapore (2014–present)[6]
Area served
168 cities across eight countries (February 2018)[7]
Key people
Anthony Tan (CEO & Co-Founder)
Ming Maa (President)
Tan Hooi Ling (Co-Founder)[8]
Products
Mobile app, website
Services
GrabTaxi
GrabCar
GrabBike
GrabHitch
GrabExpress[9]
GrabPay[10]
Net income
US$ 82.8 million (2016)[11]
Number of employees
1000–5000[8]
Website
www.grab.com
Grab (formerly known as GrabTaxi) is a Singapore-based technology company that offers ride-hailing, ride sharing and logistics services through its app in Singapore and neighbouring Southeast Asian nations such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and Cambodia.
Grab opens a new major development center and office in Seattle that will serve as a tech hub to attract talent in the United States.[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Operations
2 History
2.1 Number of users
2.2 Funding
2.3 Research
3 Reception
4 Regulation
5 Incidents
5.1 Issues between driver and passengers and physical/sexual abuses
5.2 Disputes with local taxis operator and violence against Grab driver
6 References
Operations[edit]
The Grab app assigns taxis nearby commutators through location-sharing system. Every time the company enters a new market, they would buy smartphones for the drivers in countries that they operated in and drivers would pay back through daily instalments for the phone.[13] The company makes money by taking a cut of the booking fees.[14] Although some taxi companies tried to stop their own drivers from using the app, Grab decided to reach out directly to taxi drivers by signing them up at airport, hawker centres, taxi queues, and depots.[14] The company also educates taxi drivers on using the smartphone and their mobile app.[3] Apart from large cities, Grab also tried to penetrate the market of smaller cities.[14]
History[edit]
The idea of creating a taxi-booking mobile app first came from Anthony Tan, who is the youngest of the three brothers of the family that operates Tan Chong Motors, the authorised distributor for Nissan cars in Malaysia. When a friend visited him in Malaysia, Anthony heard his friend complaining about the horrible experience of riding taxis in the country. His friend was not sure whether the taxi was taking the right route or the fare has been fair to customers. This caused Anthony to take this problem up as project when he was studying at Harvard Business school. When he presented this project to his professors, the comments he got were that this project was "difficult to implement" and "not proven yet in the real world". However, in 2011, the project won second place at the Business Plan Contest at Harvard Business School.[15] The app was also selected as the finalist at Harvard’s Minimum Viable Product Funding award.[3]
In June 2012, Anthony Tan quit his position as the head-of-marketing of his family business Tan Chong Motors at Kuala Lumpur[13] and launched "My Teksi" app in Malaysia (known as "GrabTaxi" in other countries) together with Tan Hooi Ling, another Harvard graduate.[4] Tan Hooi Ling, Anthony's classmate, who was also a consultant at McKinsey & Company, drew a business plan for promoting the mobile app.[16] MyTeksi was launched with initial grant of US$ 25,000 from Havard Business school and Anthony Tan's personal capital.[15] Anthony Tan became the CEO of the company. He went door-to-door in search for the biggest taxi companies to try his product. The first response he got was "Don’t sell this stupid app. Nobody will use it. Taxi drivers will steal your phone – they’re terrible people" and he was told to go back to his family business. Only the fifth taxi company who operated a fleet of 30 taxis decided to give him a chance.[14] Nadiem Makarim (GO-JEK co-founder and former classmate of Anthony at Harvard Business School) acknowledged GrabTaxi as his inspiration for his motorbike hailing business in Indonesia.[17] However, increasing rivalry between Grab and GO-JEK in Indonesia had soured the friendship between Nadiem and Anthony.[18] Since 2014, Grab moved its company headquarters from Malaysia to Singapore. Moreover, Anthony Tan also acquired Singaporean citizenship, according to the company's filings with the Singapore government in 2017.[11]
GrabTaxi expanded to the Philippines in August 2013,[19] and to Singapore and Thailand in October of the same year.[20] In 2014, GrabTaxi further continued its growth and expansion to new countries: first launching in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam in February, and Jakarta in Indonesia in June.[21][22] In May 2014, the company launched GrabCar.[23][24] It serves as an alternative form of transportation that uses private cars instead of taxis through a licensed partner in an effort to overcome the lack of public transportation during peak hours.[25] In November 2014, GrabTaxi launched its first GrabBike service in Ho Chi Minh City as a trial service.[26] In 2015, GrabBike's motorcycle service rides can be found in Vietnam and Indonesia. GrabBike also provides medical insurance for the passengers and the drivers.[27][28] In February 2015, the company launched GrabCar+ (a service that provides a fleet of higher-end cars) in the Philippines.[23]
In January 2016, GrabTaxi was rebranded into "Grab" which encompasses other company's products under one roof: GrabCar (private cars), GrabBike (motorcycle taxis), GrabHitch (carpooling) and GrabExpress (last mile delivery) with a new, redesigned logo.[9] In October 2016, Grab added an in-app instant messaging called "GrabChat" to allow simple communication between riders and drivers. It also translates the messages if the languages between rider and driver are different.[29] In December 2016, Grab introduced "GrabShare" that offers taxi and car sharing services.[30]
On 7 February 2017, Grab gets into the coach-style seating for passengers.[31] On 9 March 2017, Grab introduced GrabFamily for young children below 7 years old, where children under 1.35 metres must be placed on a child booster seat or child restraint, therefore child restraint seats are required. Also, children under 1.35 metres are not allowed into the private hire car, and can only go to either GrabFamily or a taxi. The LTA ruled that private hire cars under Uber or Grab, are not exempted from child seat requirement. [32] On 22 March 2017, Grab has launched the simplified flat-fare structure, JustGrab.[33] Many people were even penalised for the multiple stops, by charging $5 extra for addition of stop, that is made outside the booking. With effect from 3 July 2017, the new multiple stop rule has been implemented.[34][35]
In March 2017, LTA introduced a new regulation of private hire cars called Private Hire Car Vocational Licence (PDVL), with effect from July 2017, and tagged to the route number.[36] This is to ensure that there are better services, and does not go through wrong ways.[37] From April 2018, ride sharing Grab will introduce the new car service, GrabCar Plus, but riders have to pay 20% as a premium more. The existing GrabCar (Economy), will be removed eventually.[38]
Number of users[edit]
In May 2014, GrabTaxi said it had 1.2 million downloads. At around June 2013, it claimed to be doing one booking every eight seconds, or 10,000 a day, a sixteen-fold growth within a year.[14] As of June 2017, the number of drivers registered in the network was over 1 million and the Grab app was downloaded onto more than 45 million mobile devices across Southeast Asia.[39] In November 2017, Grab reached one billionth ride with 66 concurrent rides in one second across seven countries, occupying 97% market share in third-party taxi hailing market and 72% in private vehicle hailing market. The company also claimed to have two million driving partners, 68 million mobile app downloads, and 3.5 million daily rides.[40]
Funding[edit]
In April 2014, the company secured more than US$10 million in series A funding from Vertex Venture Holdings (subsidiary of Singapore sovereign wealth fund Temasek Holdings).[41] The company proceeded to raise another US$15 million in series B funding in May 2014, led by Chinese venture capital firm GGV Capital, with participation from Qunar and Vertex Venture Holdings.[42] In October 2014, the company raised US$65 million in series C funding from US-based hedge fund Tiger Global, GGV Capital, and Venture Vertex Holdings.[43] In December 2014, it managed to raise US$250 million in series D funding, fully invested in by SoftBank Corp (now SoftBank Group) which Grab claimed to be the largest investment made into a South East Asian internet company on public record.[44] In August 2015, Grab raised US$350 million in series E funding round from a range of investors including Didi Kuadi (now Didi Chuxing) and China Investment Corporation (CIC).[45] In September 2016, Grab raised another US$750 million in series F funding from Softbank, Didi, and Honda.[46][47] In August 2017, Grab raised US$2.5 billion in series G funding from Softbank, Didi, and Toyota.[48] As of March 2018, Grab was valued at US$ 6 billion.[11] In 2014, Anthony Tan stated that the company may consider to have an Initial Public Offering (IPO) when the number of bookings through the app reaches 2 million a day.[13]
Research[edit]
GrabTaxi opened a US$100 million Research & Development facility in the Central Business District of Singapore.[49] The new facility houses 200 engineers and data scientists over the next few years. Recently joined their team includes Chief Technology Officer Wei Zhu, ex-Facebook Engineer and creator of Facebook Connect who left the company in Aug 2015.[50] The emphasis on software engineers and data scientists recruitment for the new facility suggests the company’s strategy in development of new tools, possible expansion of app and service features as well as staff management.[51] In 2016, the company will open a new development center and office in Seattle that will serve as a tech hub to attract talent in the United States.[52] The company states that it has no plans to launch in North America.[53]
Reception[edit]
In the Philippines, GrabCar was fully legalized after been accredited as a Transportation Network Company (TNC) by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) in 2015.[54] The following year, Malaysia approved plans to legitimise Grab and Uber services, as well as to transform their taxi industry. On 4 April 2017, the Malaysian government tabled amendments to existing transport laws that would regulate transport application services and protect drivers from harassment. Through the amendment, Grab and Uber vehicles will be classified as public service vehicles as part of the move to legalise both services in its efforts to transform the country’s public transport services.[55] The amendments were passed by the Parliament of Malaysia on 28 July 2017, which directly legalise both services to operating legally in the country.[56] In Singapore, similar laws to legalise the service were passed in February 2017.[57] Since its foundation, GrabTaxi received majority votes in an online poll conducted by Singapore’s Straits Times as the taxi app of choice.[58]
Regulation[edit]
Recent regulatory issues have arisen for third-party booking apps like GrabTaxi, but there seems to have been few issues surrounding the company in the 6 markets that they are in. The tech company has also received the support of the Malaysian Public Land Transport Commission (SPAD) when the government department introduced the use of technology using the GrabTaxi applications to enhance efficiency of taxi drivers in Malaysia. The company is working with the government department to improve the image of taxi drivers in the city.[59][60][61]
In the Philippines, GrabBike temporarily stops operations following LTFRB order. LTFRB and GrabBike Inc. met to discuss the transport agency's warning for the motorcycle taxi service to stop its operations as it is not included in Grab's, or any other transportation Network Company's (TNC), accreditation to offer bikes as a public mode of transportation that can be booked through a digital platform. The Department of Transportation (DOTr) has yet to create guidelines regarding the use of bikes and motorcycles as a public mode of transportation, until then, GrabBike will not be able to operate. TNC's non-compliance with the directive "shall be dealt with severely", said LTFRB.[62]
In May 2016, the Directorate for Roads of Vietnam (DRVN) has suggested that both Grab and Uber taxis should have signs on their cars to differentiate them from conventional taxis, a suggestion that sparked a wave of protest from many local taxi companies. Most taxi operators claimed the change would amount to legal recognition of the services as local taxis face many constraints from the government such as limitations on the number of vehicles, bans on using several streets, paying more tax and higher operation costs while both Grab and Uber are seems excludes from such requirements.[63] In respond, the Vietnamese Ministry of Transport set to review the legal status of both Grab and Uber to ensure a fair business environment for firms.[64] A draft of a new circular was submitted in early 2018 that includes regulations for passenger transport (by car) through software which directly focusing on those applications.[65]
In Thailand, the motorbike taxi services of Grab and Uber was suspended on claims the services are breaking local rules and clashing with registered transport companies.[66] Further crackdown on the services was continued in early 2017 with a Thai transport official asks the government to ban them although little efforts being done as both services have gain popularity among Thais and foreign visitors in the country.[67]
In February 2017, Land Transport Authority (LTA) in Singapore ruled that private hire cars who used Uber or Grab service are not exempted from child seat requirement. For safety reasons, all vehicles in Singapore must have booster seats or child restraints for passengers under 1.35m in height.[68]
Since 1 July 2017, the LTA has required GrabCar, JustGrab and GrabHitch to have Private Hire Vehicle's Vocational Licence (PDVL). This follows after LTA introduced a new regulation for private hire cars called Private Hire Car Driver’s Vocational Licence (PDVL) which took effect in July 2017.[36] This is to ensure that commuter's interest is better protected in particular safety.[37]
Incidents[edit]
Issues between driver and passengers and physical/sexual abuses[edit]
Many abuses towards passenger as well the driver have been reported throughout the services. On 23 September 2016, a female passenger in Singapore was sexually assaulted by an elderly GrabCar driver after she fall asleep during the ride.[69] The driver was jailed for 16 months the following year.[70] On 25 March 2017, a female passenger in Singapore was assaulted by a Grab driver.[71] The driver was subsequently suspended from his service although still allowed to pick up passengers on the streets.[72] In May, a GrabCar driver in Chiang Mai, Thailand was arrested for sexual assault.[73] On 13 June, a female passenger in Seri Kembangan, Malaysia was reportedly raped by a Grab driver.[74] The driver was then arrested and while pending completion of police investigations, he was removed with immediate effect from the service with Grab describing the incident as "deeply distressing and stressed that the company have a zero tolerance policy to any crime and serious misconduct by drivers" with a full assistance will be given to the victim.[75][76] Another incident occurred on 12 August involving a female student passenger in Puchong, Malaysia who was assaulted by a Grab driver after a misunderstanding occurred between the two during the drive which enraged the driver and broke the female passenger nose. The driver was subsequently arrested by police two days later. In response, Grab issued a statement and said it "would not tolerate physical violence or verbal abuse".[77]
In September 2017, a female teenager in Matraman, Indonesia was sexually assaulted by a Grab motorcycle taxi driver who instead drove her to his friend's house than to her internship office in Central Jakarta as booked. Following his arrest, the driver was indefinitely terminated from his services and Grab issued an apology with a full assistance are also given to the victim and her family.[78] In another case in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia on 1 December, a Grab driver was dropping a passenger off when he was punched in the face by a former Malaysian sportswoman who has anger issues. It was allegedly the driver who dropped off both the woman and her mother at the wrong house although the correct house is few houses away. The former sportswoman allegedly punched the driver when the driver was trying to take a picture as evidence of wrongful treatment by both the former Malaysian sportswoman and her mother for their treatment towards him.[79][80] There was supposed to be a press conference held to allow both driver and the assailant to make amends in the next four days but the assailant did not attend the press conference as promised. There was uproar in support for the assaulted Grab driver in social media. In the end, the assailant was banned forever from the Grab platform as a result.[81]
Disputes with local taxis operator and violence against Grab driver[edit]
Frequent disputes have occurred between Grab drivers and local taxis operators as many taxi drivers have complained a decline of their passenger numbers and income since Grab and its competitor of Uber began to gaining foothold in their areas.[82] Until December 2016, around 65 assault cases towards GrabBike drivers by local taxibike drivers have been reported in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[83] Many violence have erupted between Grab drivers and motorbike taxis in two major cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam with another 47 assaults cases recorded in 2017.[84][85] GrabCar drivers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia also facing an increase of harassment from local taxi drivers to the point that even innocent people are targeted.[86]
On 4 March 2017, a drunk foreign man reportedly attacked a GrabCar driver in Singapore. The man was then arrested and jailed two weeks for his offence.[87] On 26 October, a Grab driver was killed in Pasay City, Philippines by a suspect disguised as a legitimate passenger, who subsequently fled with the victim's vehicle and personal belongings.[88][89] The suspect finally surrendered to police two weeks later and confessed that he accidentally killed the latter after the victim refused to give his money.[90][91]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Company Overview of GrabTaxi Holdings Pte Ltd". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "GRABTAXI HOLDINGS PTE. LTD. (201316157E) - Singapore Business Directory". SGPBusiness.com. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kumar, Dhaleta Surender (11 February 2014). "My first venture was at 11, says Anthony Tan, who traded comics then". e27. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Cheong, Kash (30 April 2014). "GrabTaxi: Currently the most prominent third-party taxi app". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Ann, Shi (2 June 2017). "How Vertex lured Grab to Singapore". Finance Asia Magazine. Retrieved 2 January 2018. But long before it became a hot name, Grab founder Anthony Tan took the decision to move the company from his native Malaysia south to Singapore. The move came after it secured $10 million of series A funding from Vertex Venture Holdings, Singapore's biggest venture capital firm and a unit of Temasek, the Singapore government investment fund.
Jump up ^ Purnell, Newley (4 July 2016). "Uber Rival Grab Gains Ground in Southeast Asia". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Grab, Samsung Collaborate to Advance Digital Inclusion in SEA". The Independent (Singapore). 5 February 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Grab - Crunchbase". Crunchbase. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Kah Leng, Lee (28 July 2016). "MyTeksi rebrands into Grab". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (1 November 2017). "Grab, the Uber rival in Southeast Asia, is now officially also a digital payments company". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Susan, Cunningham (7 March 2018). "Malaysia's Richest 2018: Anthony Tan's Grab Hits $6B Valuation As The Ride-Hailing Race Quickens". Forbes Asia. Retrieved 19 March 2018. What's more, Tan has taken Singaporean citizenship, ... Its holding company lost $82.8 million in 2016...
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (13 January 2016). "Southeast Asia's GrabTaxi Opens Office In Seattle To Attract U.S. Engineering Talent". Tech Crunch. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Siddharth, Philip (10 June 2014). "Harvard Inspires Man to Ditch Family Riches for Taxis" (PDF). Bloomberg. Singapore Management University. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lee, Terence (21 October 2014). "GrabTaxi is one of Southeast Asia's hottest startups. Here's how it's kicking ass". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Anthony Tan - MBA 2011". Havard Business School. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Bland, Ben (24 June 2014). "Southeast Asia's answer to Uber" (PDF). FT.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Cosseboom, Leighton (27 August 2015). "This guy turned Go-Jek from a zombie into Indonesia's hottest startup". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 11 January 2018. Nadiem didn’t unpack his current relationship with Anthony, or comment any further on the Go-Jek and GrabBike rivalry, but he does credit GrabTaxi as one of the catalysts for Go-Jek’s success four years later.
Jump up ^ "Friends at Harvard Turn Rivals Over Ride-Hailing Apps in Asia". Bloomberg Markets. 23 March 2016. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018. Competition has taken its toll on the relationship. The former classmates aren’t talking anymore, Makarim said.
Jump up ^ Calvin (13 July 2014). "GrabTaxi officially launched in the Philippines". Pinoy Tech Blog. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "MyTeksi launches GrabTaxi in Bangkok and Singapore". Digital News Asia. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Do, Anh-Minh (26 February 2014). "MGrabTaxi enters Vietnam, intensifying the battle for mobile taxi booking apps". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Minh, Anh (6 June 2014). "GrabTaxi launches beta trial in Jakarta". Digital News Asia. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Schnabel, Chris (19 February 2015). "GrabCar PH relaunches". Rappler. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "MyTeksi launches GrabCar service". Bernama. Free Malaysia Today. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "What's the big deal about GrabCar?". GrabCar. The Star (Malaysia). 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Luan, Thanh (28 November 2014). "Vietnam's xe om service enters digital age with GrabBike app". Thanh Nien News. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Tay, Daniel (20 May 2015). "GrabTaxi's motorcycle service rides into its third city, offers free rides in Jakarta". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Leesa Nguansuk, Suchit (6 August 2015). "GrabBike debuts in Bangkok". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Grab launches instant messaging platform". ABS-CBN News. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Tegos, Michael (6 December 2016). "Grab launches GrabShare, its own version of UberPool". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Tegos, Michael (7 February 2017). "Grab gets into coach booking for groups of passengers". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Shazni, M. (9 March 2017). "Grab Now Lets Your Kids (Legally) Get On Rides With You, Thanks To A Pint-Sized Booster Seat". Vulcan Post. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Lim, Kenneth (22 March 2017). "Grab combines taxi and private hire fleets for new fare pricing". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Multiple Stop Driver". Grab. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Multiple Stop Rides". Grab. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Applications For Private Hire Car Drivers' Vocational Licence To Open On 13 March 2017". Land Transport Authority (Singapore). 9 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "New Regulations For Private Hire Car Drivers And Vehicles To Better Protect Commuter Interests". Land Transport Authority (Singapore). 12 April 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Choo, Cynthia (1 February 2018). "New service GrabCar Plus to be introduced, but riders have to pay 20% more". Today Online. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Grab Celebrates Fifth Anniversary and Significant User Milestones". Grab. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Sulhi, Azman (7 November 2017). "Grab surpasses one billionth ride". The Edge Markets. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Cartherine, Shu (17 April 2014). "GrabTaxi Raises Series A, Prepares To Expand In Southeast Asia". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Catherine, Shu (28 May 2014). "GrabTaxi Raises $15M Series B Led By GGV Capital". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Huang, Elaine (21 October 2014). "[Updated] GrabTaxi raises Series C round of about US$65M". e27. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Tay, Daniel (4 December 2014). "GrabTaxi raises a record-breaking US$250 mil, plans to leave other regional players in the dust". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (18 August 2015). "GrabTaxi Lands $350M From China's Top Uber Rival Didi Kuaidi And Others". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (19 September 2016). "Uber rival Grab raises $750M led by SoftBank at a $3B valuation". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Kokalitcheva, Kia (12 December 2016). "Honda Inks Deals with Uber's Main Ride-Hailing Rival in Southeast Asia". Fortune. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (30 August 2017). "Uber rival Grab nets strategic investment from Toyota". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "GrabTaxi opens US$100m R&D centre in Singapore". Today Online. The Malay Mail. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Tegos, Michael (8 April 2015). "GrabTaxi opens new R&D center in Singapore, nabs Facebook Connect creator as CTO". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Tegos, Michael (8 April 2015). "GrabTaxi CEO reveals huge recruitment drive at new $100M R&D center". Tech in Asia. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Jump up ^ Russell, Jon (13 January 2016). "Southeast Asia's GrabTaxi Opens Office In Seattle To Attract U.S. Engineering Talent". Tech Crunch. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Hawkins, Andrew J. (13 January 2016). "The Uber of Southeast Asia is opening a tech hub in Seattle". The Verge. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "GrabCar fully legalised as a transport company in the Philippines". Digital News Asia. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bills to legalise Grab, Uber tabled in Malaysian Parliament". Today Online. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Lim, Shawn (28 July 2017). "Malaysia's parliament passes laws to legalise Uber and Grab". The Drum. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Singapore's Uber, Grab drivers now need to be licensed". Channel NewsAsia. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Kok, Lee Min (17 December 2014). "GrabTaxi, ComfortDelgro flagged as most popular: Straits Times online poll". The Straits Times. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Darlyne Chow, Melissa (14 September 2014). "MyTeksi app to drive Penang tourism". New Straits Times. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Carvalho, Martin (21 October 2014). "Myteksi calls for 'level playing field' to compete with Uber". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "SPAD introduces MyTeksi, TaxiMonger apps to enhance efficiency of cabbies of cabbies". Bernama. The Borneo Post. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Tan, Lara (5 February 2016). "GrabBike temporarily stops operations following LTFRB order". CNN Philippines. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Uber and GrabTaxi to be recognised". Việt Nam News. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Vietnam to review Uber, Grab legal status". Vietnam News Agency. People's Army Website. 25 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Uber, Grab under tighter supervision". Vietnam News Agency. Vietnam Net. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Thailand suspends Uber and Grab motorcycle taxi service". BBC News. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Thepgumpanat, Panarat; Tostevin, Matthew; Anantharaman, Muralikumar (7 March 2017). "Thai transport authorities crack down on Uber, Grab drivers, seek ban". Reuters. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Yew Chin, Leow (10 February 2017). "Private Hire Cars Not Exempt from Child Seat Requirement". Land Transport Authority (Singapore). Retrieved 8 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Elderly GrabCar driver sexually assaulted 21-year-old student who fell asleep in his car". The Independent. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Chong, Elena (25 November 2017). "GrabCar driver jailed for molesting student". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grab taxi driver who allegedly assaulted passenger under police investigation". The Independent. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "GrabTaxi driver under investigation for assaulting passenger". Today Online. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grab Car driver charged with sexual assault". Love Pattaya Thailand.com. 29 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Timbuong, Jo (13 June 2017). "Woman claims rape by Grab driver". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 13 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Ramendran, Charles (12 June 2017). "Ride-sharing driver held over rape of woman passenger (Updated)". The Sun. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "GrabCar driver removed from system following sexual assault report". Bernama. New Straits Times. 12 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grab driver held for assaulting female student". The Star (Malaysia). 14 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Anggun Wijaya, Callistasia (7 September 2017). "Motorcycle taxi driver accused of sexually assaulting teenager". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Zack, Justin (2 December 2017). "Former sportswoman allegedly punches Grab driver". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 4 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Assaulted' Grab driver reluctantly agrees to settle". Malaysiakini. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "No-show by assailant, no justice for Grab driver". Malaysiakini. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Maulia, Erwida (23 March 2016). "Jakarta arrests 83 as anti-Uber, Grab rallies grow violent". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
• D. Cabuenas, Jon Viktor (27 March 2017). "Taxi drivers' group storms LTFRB to protest vs. Grab, Uber". GMA News. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
• "KL cabbies stop traffic in Uber, GrabCar protest". The Star/Asia News Network. The Straits Times. 30 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
• "Grab versus Cab: Thai taxi drivers told to stop harassing Grab and Uber drivers". Coconuts Bangkok. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
• "Hanoi taxis protest Grab, Uber with bumper stickers". Tuoi Tre News. 5 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
• "Sarawak cab drivers go on strike in protest against Grab, Uber". New Straits Times. Today Online. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "65 assaults on GrabBike drivers in Ho Chi Minh City this year: Grab Vietnam". Tuoi Tre News. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Anh, Quoc (16 June 2017). "Turf war between Grab crew and motorbike taxis gets violent in Saigon". VNExpress. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Bui, Trang; Le, Lam (25 June 2017). Violence erupts between Grab crews and traditional motorbike taxis in Hanoi, Saigon (01:33). VNExpress. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Bavani, M; Ravindran, Shalini (14 April 2016). "KL's Uber, GrabCar drivers face increasing harassment from cabbies". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 2 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Chong, Elena (21 September 2017). "Man jailed two weeks for attacking Grab driver". The Straits Times. The New Paper. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Good Samaritan' Grab driver shot dead by carnappers posing as passengers". CNN Philippines. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Peralta-Malonzo, Anne (31 October 2017). "3 'persons of interest' cleared by police in killing of Grab driver". Sun.Star Manila. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Suspect in Grab driver slay surrenders". The Philippine Star. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Peralta-Malonzo, Anne (8 November 2017). "Suspect says he didn't mean to kill Grab driver". Sun.Star Manila. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
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