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You're So Vain
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"You're So Vain"
Single by Carly Simon
from the album No Secrets
B-side
"His Friends Are More Than Fond of Robin"
Released
November 8, 1972
Format
7" single
Recorded
1972, Trident Studios
Genre
Pop, soft rock[1]
Length
4:19
Label
Elektra
Songwriter(s)
Carly Simon
Producer(s)
Richard Perry[2]
Carly Simon singles chronology
"Legend in Your Own Time"
(1971) "You're So Vain"
(1972) "The Right Thing to Do"
(1973)
"You're So Vain" is a song written in 1971 by Carly Simon and released in November 1972. The song is a critical profile of a self-absorbed lover about whom Simon asserts "You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you." The title subject's identity has long been a matter of speculation, with Simon stating that the song refers to three men, only one of whom she has named publicly, actor Warren Beatty.[3] The song is ranked at #92 on Billboard's Greatest Songs of All-Time.[4] "You're So Vain" was voted #216 in RIAA's Songs of the Century, and in August 2014, the UK's Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s.[5]
The distinctive bass guitar intro is played by Klaus Voormann.[6] The strings were arranged by Simon and orchestrated by Paul Buckmaster. Simon plays piano on the track.
Contents
1 Subject of the song
2 References in the song
3 Later versions and adaptations
4 Chart performance
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
4.3 All-time charts
5 Awards
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Subject of the song[edit]
Before the song became a hit single in 1972, Simon told an interviewer that the song was about "men," not a specific "man".[7]
In 1983, she said it is not about Mick Jagger,[8] who contributed uncredited backing vocals to the song.[9] In a 1993 book, Angie Bowie claimed to be the "wife of a close friend" mentioned in "You're So Vain", and that Jagger, for a time, had been "obsessed" with her.[10] Simon made another comment about the subject's identity as a guest artist on Janet Jackson's 2001 single, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)", which sampled "You're So Vain". Simon said about the song, "The apricot scarf was worn by Nick (Delbanco). Nothing in the words referred to Mick."
In a 2007 interview, Warren Beatty said, "Let's be honest. That song was about me."[11] Simon had said in 1983 that Beatty "certainly thought it was about him — he called me and said thanks for the song..."[8] In an interview for the 1978/1982 version of The History of Rock and Roll radio series, producer Richard Perry acknowledges that Simon was essentially referring to Beatty while also evoking other previous relationships in her life.[citation needed]
Over the years Simon has divulged "letter clues" and has claimed that the subject's name contains the letters A, E, and R.[12]
Shortly before the writing of the song, Simon was married to James Taylor; she has said that he was "definitely not" the subject of the song.[citation needed] David Bowie, David Cassidy and Cat Stevens have all been cited by the press as speculative candidates.[13][14][15]
In August 2003 Simon agreed to reveal the name of the song's subject to the highest bidder of the Martha's Vineyard Possible Dreams charity auction. With the top bid of $50,000, Dick Ebersol, president of NBC Sports and a friend of Simon, won the right to know the name of the subject of "You're So Vain". A condition of the prize was that Ebersol not reveal the name.[16] Ebersol said Simon allowed him to divulge a clue about the person's name: "Carly told me that I could offer up to the entire world a clue as to what she'll tell me when we have this night in about two weeks. And the clue is: The letter 'E' is in the person's name."[17]
In 2004 Simon told Regis Philbin, "If I tell it, it's going to come out in dribs and drabs. And I've given out two letters already, an 'A' and an 'E.' But I'm going to add one to it. I'm going to add an 'R,' in honor of you."[12]
In 2005 Simon's ex-husband Jim Hart said he was sure that the song was not about anyone famous.[18]
On June 19, 2008, Howard Stern stated that Simon had privately revealed to him about whom the song was written after her interview on his popular radio show on Sirius Satellite Radio. Stern commented, "There is an odd aspect to it... he's not that vain." On March 17, 2009, Stern stated that she had said it was a "composite of three people." Stern repeated this on May 5, 2014, stating, "She takes me aside, pulls me close, whispers in my ear... three names. She goes, it wasn't one person, it was three people."[19] Simon herself confirmed that Stern was among "a few people" that she had given the names to.[20]
In her 2008 book Girls Like Us, author Sheila Weller includes a detailed account of Simon's love affair with musician Dan Armstrong, and suggests that he was the inspiration for "You're So Vain." Her heartbreak over eventually losing him inspired the song "Dan, My Fling," which appears on her first album.[21] Armstrong's full name, Daniel Kent Armstrong, contains all three letters of Simon's clue.
On November 4, 2009, Simon said she had hidden the name of the subject in a certain version of the song. The next day, the program's crew revealed the name concealed in a back-played whisper:[22] David. Simon denied that the whisper was "David," saying she had spoken "Ovid" both forwards and backwards, and that sounded like David.[23] In February 2010, Simon reiterated that the name of the subject was whispered in a re-recording of "You're So Vain": "There's a little whisper—and it's the answer to the puzzle."[24] A representative for Simon confirmed that the name whispered during the song is "David".[24] Multiple media outlets then speculated that the subject was Simon's former boss at Elektra, David Geffen.[25] The following day Jim Hart, Simon's ex-husband and close friend, denied that the song was about Geffen.[7] Simon said that when she wrote the song in 1971, she had not yet met Geffen.[26] Simon's publicist also confirmed the song was not about Geffen, but that there was indeed "a David who is connected to the song in some way, shape, or form".[7] Vanity Fair noted that in addition to "David", "Warren" and an unintelligible name are whispered during the recording.[27]
After her live performance of the song with Simon in July 2013, Taylor Swift stated that Simon had revealed the identity of the song's subject to her in confidence.[28]
In November 2015, Simon, promoting her about-to-be-published memoir, said, "I have confirmed that the second verse is Warren (Beatty)" and added that while "Warren thinks the whole thing is about him," he is the subject of that verse only, with the remainder of the song referring to two other, still unnamed men.[3]
References in the song[edit]
Gavotte — used in the line "You had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself gavotte" — is a French kissing dance. In this context it can be taken to mean moving in a pretentious manner.[29]
Simon said the line "clouds in my coffee" came "from an airplane flight that I took with Billy Mernit, who was my friend and piano player at the time. As I got my coffee, there were clouds outside the window of the airplane and you could see the reflection in the cup of coffee. Billy said to me, 'Look at the clouds in your coffee'."[30]
The line "I hear you went up to Saratoga and your horse naturally won" refers to the Saratoga Race Course horse-racing season held in late July, August, and early September in Saratoga Springs, New York. The season is frequented by the rich and famous of New York and other East Coast cities.[31]
Two solar eclipses ("Then you flew your Lear jet up to Nova Scotia to see the total eclipse of the sun") were visible from Nova Scotia in the early 1970s, on March 7, 1970,[32] and July 10, 1972.[33] Simon said she wrote the song in 1971, but the 1972 eclipse (which could only be seen in Nova Scotia as opposed to the 1970 eclipse which traversed the entire East Coast, and also happened during the Saratoga racing season) better fits the narrative.
Later versions and adaptations[edit]
The song has been recorded by Chocolate Starfish, The Mountain Goats, David Axelrod, John Barrowman, Liza Minnelli, Jack Klugman and Tony Randall (as "The Odd Couple"), Chimira, Venice, The Feeling, Jann Arden, Janet Jackson (who sampled the song in "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)", with Simon providing featured vocals), Trey Songz (who sampled from Janet Jackson in his single "About You)," Anna Waronker, Faster Pussycat, Dres, Daryll-Ann, Smokie, Sally Seltmann, Asaro and Wolcott, Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs, Marilyn Manson (featuring Johnny Depp),[34] and Italian pop star Mina in her 1985 album Finalmente ho conosciuto il conte Dracula....
Foo Fighters performed the song live at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards in 2008.
On July 27, 2013, Simon performed "You're So Vain" with Taylor Swift on her Red Tour.[35]
The song "Starfuckers, Inc." by Nine Inch Nails, released in 2000, references "You're So Vain", by quoting the chorus.
Supporters of English football team Everton F.C. sang the song to player Leighton Baines at the 2009 football matches.[36][37]
On their 2009 album Felony, New York City metalcore band Emmure had a song titled "R2Deepthroat" where vocalist Frankie says "You're so vain, I bet you think this song is about you, don't you?"
In the lead-up to the 2016 US presidential election, Simon authorized the use of the song in an ad against Donald Trump.[38]
In a piece posted by BBC News on May 5, 2017, Simon sings a previously unreleased fourth verse to the song, which she states had been written on a pad some time ago but never made it into the song. It references a man, married multiple times, who "called her once to ask her things she couldn't quite divine".[39]
On the October, 3, 2017, episode of the reality television singing competition program The Voice, Karli Webster performed a shortened version of the song for a Blind Audition, which turned the chairs of prospective coaches Adam Levine and Miley Cyrus. (The full version of Webster's rendition, even today, is available for purchase and download on iTunes.) Webster ultimately chose Cyrus as her coach and joined Team Miley.
Chart performance[edit]
The song was a number-one hit in the US, Canada and Australia and reached number four in Ireland and South Africa.[40] Bowing at #99 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 2 December 1972, the song took only five more weeks to rocket to the top of the chart, where it stayed for the first three weeks of 1973, also spending two weeks at the top of the Easy Listening chart in early 1973, her first number one on either chart. "You're So Vain" was Simon's breakthrough hit in the United Kingdom, reaching number three on the UK chart on its original release in 1973. The song was re-released in the UK in 1991 to cash in on its inclusion in a commercial for Dunlop Tyres, peaking at number 41.
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1972–1973)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[41]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[42]
5
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[43]
1
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[44]
1
Germany (Official German Charts)[42]
8
Ireland (IRMA)[45]
4
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[42]
7
New Zealand (Listener)[46]
1
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[47]
4
UK Singles (Official Chart Company)[48]
3
US Billboard Hot 100[49]
1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[50]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1973)
Position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[51]
3
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[52]
8
US Billboard Hot 100[53]
9
US Cash Box Top 100[54]
7
All-time charts[edit]
Chart (1958-2018)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[55] 92
Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1974 "You're So Vain" Record of the Year Nominated
Song of the Year Nominated
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female Nominated
2004 Grammy Hall of Fame Award Inducted
See also[edit]
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1973
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1973 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of RPM number-one singles of 1973
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
Jump up ^ Savage, Mark (5 May 2017). "You're So Vain's 'lost' verse premiered". Retrieved 6 June 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
^ Jump up to: a b Dowd, Kathy Erich; Hubbard, Kim (November 18, 2015). "People Exclusive: Carly Simon Says 'You're So Vain' Is About Warren Beatty – Well, Only the Second Verse: 'He Thinks the Whole Thing Is About Him!'". People. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary". Billboard.com. 1994-05-21. Retrieved 2018-08-01.
Jump up ^ Myers, Justin (2014-08-23). "Official Charts Pop Gem #70: Carly Simon – You're So Vain". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Klaus Voormann : Biography". Voormann.com. 1971-08-01. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2014-05-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c Weller, Sheila (February 27, 2010). "Fun and Games With the David Geffen Rumor About Carly Simon's 'You're So Vain'". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Wadler, Joyce (October 30, 1983). "Carly Simon: Anxiety &". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Carly Simon Biography". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
Jump up ^ Backstage Passes
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-10. Retrieved 2007-04-03. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "Regis & Kelly 2004 – Carly Simon talks about You're So Vain". YouTube. 2012-09-08. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "'You're So Vain': Carly Simon reveals mystery man". NJ.com. 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Soraya (2010-02-27). "Carly Simon's new 'You're So Vain' whispers clue". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Ninette Sosa. "Carly Simon reveals 'You're So Vain' clue". CNN.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon gives away who is 'So Vain'". USA Today. Associated Press. August 5, 2003. Archived from the original on 2015-02-16.
Jump up ^ Ebersol on NBC's Today, August 5, 2003.
Jump up ^ "I've heard a million different stories—who was Carly Simon actually singing about in "You're So Vain"?". Rule Forty Two. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Stern, Howard (host) (May 20, 2014). Howard Stern Show. Sirius XM Radio.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon: You're So Vain is about Beatty and two others". BBC. 2015-11-19. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
Jump up ^ Sheila Weller. Girls Like Us: Carole King, Joni Mitchell, and Carly Simon & the Journey of a Generation, Simon & Schuster. 2008: ISBN 978-0-7434-9147-1
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-20. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon Now Saying 'You're So Vain' is about Dead Classical Poet". Carly Simon Now Saying 'You're So Vain' is about Dead Classical Poet, by Jessica Pressler, Daily Intelligencer, March 12, 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Simon in Uncut magazine interview, as reported by Newhall, Marissa (February 27, 2010). "Names and faces: Carly Simon, Mark and Jenny Sanford, Seth Green, Stevie Wonder > A vain hunt for 'David'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon Reveals Subject of 'You're So Vain'?". Spinner.com. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-08-09. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 1, 2010). "Carly Simon Refutes Theory That 'So Vain' Target Is David Geffen". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ Weiner, Juli (February 26, 2010). "Update: Everyone Owes David Geffen an Apology". VF Daily. Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2010-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift and Carly Simon: You're So Vain". YouTube. 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ Chagollan, Steve (April 9, 2012). "Deconstructing Carly Simon's 'You're So Vain'". Variety. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "You're So Vain". Carly Simon official website. Archived from the original on 2012-09-11.
Jump up ^ Gatto, Kimberly (2011). Saratoga Race Course: The August Place to Be. The History Press. ISBN 978-1609491048.
Jump up ^ "USA – 1970 March 7 Total Solar Eclipse – Interactive Google Map (Full Screen) – Xavier Jubier". Xjubier.free.fr. Retrieved 2009-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Canada – 1972 July 10 Total Solar Eclipse – Interactive Google Map (Full Screen) – Xavier Jubier". Xjubier.free.fr. Retrieved 2009-08-17.
Jump up ^ Makarechi, Kia (March 19, 2012). "Johnny Depp, Marilyn Manson Team Up For 'You're So Vain' Cover". HuffPost Entertainment. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / CarlySimonHQ: Carly Simon and Taylor Swift". Twitter. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Sportsmail's guide to the best chants of the season starring Cristiano Ronaldo, Dimi Konstantopoulos and Liam Gallagher". Dailymail.co.uk. 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Charles, Chris (2009-06-03). "BBC SPORT | Fun and Games | Chants of the season". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Schultheis, Emily (October 9, 2016). "Carly Simon uses "You're So Vain" in anti-Trump video". CBS News.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon plays You're So Vain's lost verse". bbc.com. 2017-05-05. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
Jump up ^ Brian Currin. "South African Rock Lists Website – SA Charts 1965 – 1989 Acts (S)". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Australian Weekly Single Ccharts (David Kent) for 1973". Retrieved June 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Carly Simon – You're So Vain" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50 Flanders. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 4266." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 4279." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – You're So Vain". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hung, Steffen. "charts.org.nz - Forum - 1973 Chart (General)". charts.org.nz. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "SA Charts 1965 - 1989 Songs W-Z". South African Rock Lists. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon". The Official Chart Company. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carly Simon Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Forum – 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Canada, Library and Archives (July 8, 2017). "Image : RPM Weekly".
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1973/Top 100 Songs of 1973". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
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Jump up ^ "Hot 100 turns 60". Billboard. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official "You're So Vain" page
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Carly Simon
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Piglet's Big Movie
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A Moonlight Serenade on the Queen Mary 2
Singles
"That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be"
"Anticipation"
"Legend in Your Own Time"
"You're So Vain"
"The Right Thing to Do"
"Mockingbird"
"Haven't Got Time for the Pain"
"Attitude Dancing"
"Waterfall"
"It Keeps You Runnin'"
"Nobody Does It Better"
"You Belong to Me"
"Devoted to You"
"Vengeance"
"Jesse"
"Why"
"Kissing with Confidence"
"You Know What to Do"
"Tired of Being Blonde"
"My New Boyfriend"
"Coming Around Again"
"Give Me All Night"
"The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of"
"All I Want Is You"
"Let the River Run"
"Better Not Tell Her"
"Love of My Life"
"Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)"
Other songs
"We Have No Secrets"
"Night Owl"
"You Can Close Your Eyes"
The Simon Sisters
Meet The Simon Sisters
Cuddlebug
The Simon Sisters Sing the Lobster Quadrille and Other Songs for Children
Winkin', Blinkin' and Nod: The Kapp Recordings
Family
Richard L. Simon(father)
Andrea Simon(mother)
Joanna Simon(sister)
Lucy Simon(sister)
James Taylor(ex-husband)
Ben Taylor(son)
Sally Taylor(daughter)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You%27re_So_Vain&oldid=853647559"
Categories:
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Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
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Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
An Act to make provision for the enforcement of contractual terms by third parties.
Citation
1999 c. 31
Introduced by
Lord Chancellor, Lord Irvine of Lairg[1]
Territorial extent
England and Wales and Northern Ireland
Dates
Royal assent
11 November 1999
Commencement
11 November 1999
Status: Current legislation
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 (c 31) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that significantly reformed the common law Doctrine of Privity and "thereby [removed] one of the most universally disliked and criticised blots on the legal landscape".[2] The second rule of the Doctrine of Privity, that a third party could not enforce a contract for which he had not provided consideration, had been widely criticised by lawyers, academics and members of the judiciary. Proposals for reform via an Act of Parliament were first made in 1937 by the Law Revision Committee in their Sixth Interim Report. No further action was taken by the government until the 1990s, when the Law Commission proposed a new draft bill in 1991, and presented their final report in 1996. The bill was introduced to the House of Lords in December 1998, and moved to the House of Commons on 14 June 1999. It received the Royal Assent on 11 November 1999, coming into force immediately as the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999.
The Act allows third parties to enforce terms of contracts that benefit them in some way, or which the contract allows them to enforce. It also grants them access to a range of remedies if the terms are breached. The Act also limits the ways in which a contract can be changed without the permission of an involved third party. At the same time, it provides protection for the promisor and promisee in situations where there is a dispute with the third party, and allows parties to a contract to specifically exclude the protection afforded by the Act if they want to limit the involvement of third parties.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Criticism of the original doctrine
2 Formation
3 Provisions
3.1 Section 1: Right of third party to enforce contractual term
3.2 Section 2: Variation and rescission of contract
3.3 Section 3: Defences available to promisor
3.4 Section 4: Enforcement of contract by promisee
3.5 Section 5: Protection of promisor from double liability
3.6 Section 6: Exceptions
3.7 Section 7: Supplementary provisions relating to third party
3.8 Section 8: Arbitration provisions
3.9 Section 9: Northern Ireland
4 Scope and implementation
5 References
6 Bibliography
Background[edit]
Main article: Privity in English law
The historical doctrine of privity consisted of two rules – the first was that a third party may not have obligations imposed by the terms of a contract, and second was that a third party may not enforce a contract for which he has not provided consideration.[3] The first rule was not contested, while the second was described as "one of the most universally disliked and criticised blots on the legal landscape".[4] Originally, the second rule was not held to be valid. In the 17th century, a third party was allowed to enforce terms of a contract that benefited him, as shown in Provender v Wood [1627] Hetley 30, where the judgement stated that "the party to whom the benefit of a promise accrews, may bring his action."[5] The first reversal of this law in Bourne v Mason [1669] 1 Vent., where the Court of King's Bench found that a third party had no rights to enforce a contract that benefited him. This ruling was quickly reversed, and decisions immediately after used the original rule.[5]
Over the next 200 years, different judges provided different decisions as to whether or not a third party could enforce a contract that benefited them. The dispute ended in 1861 with Tweddle v Atkinson [1861] 121 ER 762, which confirmed that a third party could not enforce a contract that benefited him.[6] This decision was affirmed by the House of Lords in Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre v Selfridge and Co Ltd [1915] AC 847 in 1915,[3] where Lord Haldane stated that only a person who was party to a contract could sue on it.[7] This version of the doctrine is commonly known as the original or basic doctrine.[8][9]
Criticism of the original doctrine[edit]
"[I]t is said that it serves only to defeat the legitimate expectations of the third party, that it undermines the social interest of the community in the security of bargains and it is commercially inconvenient."
Stephen Guest on the original doctrine of privity
The second rule of privity, that a third party cannot claim benefits from a contract, was widely criticised by academics, members of the judiciary and legal professionals. One problem was that the rule made no exceptions for cases where it was obviously intended for the third party to claim a benefit, such as the young couple in Tweddle v Atkinson, or the widow in Beswick v Beswick, where an uncle gave his nephew a business, on the condition that the nephew would pay the uncle a certain amount per week, and in the event of the uncle's death, give a lesser amount to his widow.[10]
A second argument used to undermine the doctrine of privity was to point out the large number of exceptions to the rule created by Acts of Parliament, which seemed to indicate that Parliament itself had an issue with the doctrine.[11] Critics also argued that with the large number of inconsistencies and exceptions with the doctrine of privity, it was "bad" law, as it provided no reliable rule;[11] the way that the law works in theory is hugely different from how it is enforced in the courts.[12] The doctrine is also not found in many other legal systems, such as that of the United States.[13]
The doctrine came under criticism from many academics and judges, including Lord Scarman, Lord Denning, Lord Reid and Arthur Linton Corbin, and Stephen Guest wrote that "[I]t is said that it serves only to defeat the legitimate expectations of the third party, that it undermines the social interest of the community in the security of bargains and it is commercially inconvenient".[14]
Formation[edit]
The first proposal to reform the doctrine of privity was made in 1937; the Law Revision Committee in their Sixth Interim Report, proposed an Act of Parliament that would allow third parties to enforce terms of a contract that specified that they were allowed. The report was not acted on – as late as 1986 the assumption was that Parliament would not act, and any reform would come from judicial sources (particularly the House of Lords).[12] In 1991. the Law Commission published Consultation Paper No. 121 "Privity of Contract: Contracts for the Benefit of Third Parties", which proposed a similar change,[15] and, in July 1996, the final report (No. 242), along with a draft bill, were published.[16] The proposed changes were supported by the legal profession and academics alike.[2] The bill was introduced to the House of Lords on 3 December 1998,[1] and, during its second reading, was jokingly offered to Lord Denning as a birthday present due to his fight to overturn the doctrine of privity.[17] It was moved to the House of Commons on 14 June,[18] and it received the Royal Assent on 11 November 1999.[2]
Provisions[edit]
Section 1: Right of third party to enforce contractual term[edit]
Section 1 of the Act overrides the old common law rule that a third party could not enforce the terms of a contract, as established in Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd, and also the rule that a third party could not act against the promisor, established in Tweddle v Atkinson.[19] It allows a third party to enforce terms of a contract in one of two situations: firstly if the third party is specifically mentioned in the contract as someone authorised to do so, and secondly if the contract "purports to confer a benefit" on him.[15][20]
An exception to the second rule involves contracts that include language barring third parties from applying the rule.[21][22] Another exception applies to contracts between solicitors and their clients to write wills, something governed by White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207.[23] After the Act was first published, Guenter Treitel argued that in a situation where the promisor felt that the second rule had been wrongly applied by a statement in the contract, the onus would be on him to prove it.[23] In Nisshin Shipping Co Ltd v Cleaves & Co Ltd [2003] EWHC 2602, the High Court supported Treitel's reasoning.[24]
The second situation, that a third party can enforce terms that "purport to confer a benefit on him", has been described by Meryll Dean as too broad, and one view put forward in the parliamentary debates was that it was "un-workable" in situations such as complex construction contracts involving dozens of sub-contractors with chains of contracts among them.[25] This argument, and a proposal to exempt the construction industry from the Act, was rejected by both the Law Commission and Parliament.[25] The phrase "purport to confer a benefit" was originally found in the 1937 Law Commission paper, and was used in the New Zealand Contracts (Privity) Act 1982 before it was adopted for the English Act.[26]
The third party must be identified by name or as a member of a particular group, and does not need to exist when the contract was made.[27][28] This can cause problems, however – if, for example, a party (party A) enters a contract to have another party (party B) construct a building, and A later sells the building to C who finds that it has structural problems, C has no cause of action against B because he was not named in the original contract.[29]
If a third party chooses to enforce the terms of a contract, he can do so against the promisor and has the right to any remedy that would be available if he was party to the contract, such as specific performance.[30] An exception to this is the ability to terminate the contract and have it rendered void, since the Law Commission believed that "the third party should not be entitled to terminate the contract for breach as this may be contrary to the promisee's wishes or interests".[31]
Although the topic is not discussed in the Law Commission's report or the bill itself, it is generally considered that the third party has no rights against the promisee, regardless of his rights against the promisor.[32] Andrew Burrows, who prepared the Law Commission's report, said that the third party does not acquire rights against the promisee,[33] something Guenter Treitel has also suggested.[34] A different stance is taken in Scots law, where a promisee has a duty to the third party to ensure performance of the contract.[35]
Section 2: Variation and rescission of contract[edit]
Section 2 of the Act governs changes to and rescission of contracts. It prevents parties to a contract rescinding it or altering it to remove or modify the terms that affect the third party if the third party has told the promisor that he "assents" to the term,[36] or that he has relied on the contract (and the promisor knows this, or could be expected to have known this).[37][38] This is only the default position; the Act allows parties to insert clauses into the contract which allow them to rescind or alter the contract without the consent of the third party if they so choose.[39] The courts can ignore the consent of the third party and allow the promisor and promisee to change the contract if the third party is mentally incapable, unfindable or if it is impossible to tell if the third party has truly consented. At the same time the courts may add conditions to that decision, such as requiring the promisor or promisee to pay the third party compensation.[39]
Assenting is considered complete when the third party "communicates" his assent to the promisor, which can be done in a variety of ways, including by post. The contract may specify the communication method(s), and if it does, any other method is not valid.[26]
The third party does not have to have suffered a detriment from his "reliance"; it is enough that he has simply relied on the contract.[31] It must be the third party who relied on the term, rather than another party closely related to the third party. If the third party relies on the terms of the contract, which are then breached, he can not only claim damages for any loss he suffered from relying on the contract but also for "standard" damages, such as loss of profit.[39]
Section 3: Defences available to promisor[edit]
Section 3 covers the defences available to the promisor if the third party brings an action against him. In a dispute between the promisor and the third party over a term, the promisor can rely on any defence he would have if the dispute was with the promisee, as long as the defence is applicable to the term under dispute.[40] The Law Commission directly rejected the suggestion that the promisor should have every defence in a dispute with a third party that he would have in a dispute with the promisee (regardless of whether or not it could be applied to the disputed term).[41] Part III is directly modelled on the similar section of the New Zealand Contracts (Privity) Act 1982.[35]
The Act allows the promisor to list additional defences that can be used against the third party in the contract, which can be used to get around the Law Commission's decision not to give the promisor equal defences against both the third party and promisee by simply listing those additional defences the promisor would like access to.[41]
The Act takes a different attitude for the defences available to the third party in counterclaims, with the Law Commission saying that to apply the same rules would be "misleading and unnecessarily complex".[42] This is because the counterclaim may be more valuable than the original claim, which would impose an obligation on the third party to pay the promisor money, something not appropriate under the doctrine of privity which prohibits the placing of a burden or obligation on a third party. Again, the parties to the contract can insert a clause overriding this.[42]
Section 4: Enforcement of contract by promisee[edit]
Section 4 preserves the right of the promisee to enforce any term of the contract.[43] This allows the promisee to sue for any losses to themselves, but not for losses of the third party.[44]
Section 5: Protection of promisor from double liability[edit]
Section 5 helps protect the promisor from double liability (having to pay two sets of damages for the same breach, one to the third party and one to the promisee) if the promisor breaches the contract.[45] It does so in a very limited way, though – the promisor is only protected if he has first paid damages to the promisee, and the third party's claim comes after that.[45] In addition the Act only limits damages paid in this situation, it does not eliminate them.[46] If the promisee brings an action against the promisor and wins, any damages paid to the third party in a subsequent action must take the previous damages paid to the promisee into account.[46]
If the third party brings an action, and the promisee does so afterwards then the promisee cannot claim any damages. This is because the Law Commission felt that if the third party claimed compensation for the breach, the promisee would have no interest in the dispute any more.[45] This fails to take into account situations where the promisee has suffered personal loss from the breach of contract.[45] If the promisee brings an action first then the third party is prohibited from doing so, unless the promisee's action fails, in which case the third party is free to pursue his own claim.[45]
Section 6: Exceptions[edit]
Section 6 creates exceptions to the scope of the Act. While the Act applies to standard contracts and contracts made by deeds, it does not apply to contracts made as a part of negotiable instruments, bills of exchange or promissory notes, or contracts governed by the Companies Act 1985,[47] such as articles of association.[48] The Act also excludes contracts for the transport of goods across national lines, as these fall under international trade laws,[49] and terms in an employment contract which allow a third party to sue an employee.[47] These were excluded for one of two reasons – either the position of third parties in those types of contract are too well established to be changed easily, or there are reasons of public policy that make it a bad idea to allow the involvement of third parties, such as contracts of employment.[50]
Section 7: Supplementary provisions relating to third party[edit]
Section 7 includes supplementary provisions relating to the rights of third parties. In particular it prevents third parties from using the definition of "third party" in this Act when applying any other Act of Parliament, and excludes the section of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 that covers negligence from applying to actions against a third party. At the same time, Section 7(1) ensures that any exceptions to the rule of privity which existed prior to the 1999 Act remain valid.[51]
Section 8: Arbitration provisions[edit]
The Act allows the insertion of arbitration clauses, which require the parties to submit to specific arbitration procedures in the event of disputes.[47] The Law Commission initially excluded arbitration clauses from the Act, but later amended their draft bill so as to allow third parties to take advantage of arbitration proceedings.[47] The provisions on arbitration clauses were not received well during the bill's passage through Parliament, and were described as "very messy", "a labyrinth" and "a mire".[47] The Commission initially proposed that jurisdiction clauses be specifically excluded from the Act.[52] During the bill's passage through Parliament, however, this exclusion disappeared, and the Act's explanatory notes assume that the Act covers jurisdiction clauses.[52]
Section 9: Northern Ireland[edit]
Section 9 takes into account the differences between English and Northern Irish law, and modifies how the Act should be interpreted in Northern Ireland. Particularly it replaces the use of "Companies Act 1985" in Part VI with the Northern Irish equivalent, the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986. Part IX also repeals sections 5 and 6 of the Law Reform (Husband and Wife) (Northern Ireland) Act 1964.[53]
Scope and implementation[edit]
The Act applies in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, but not Scotland, which has its own rules on privity and the rights of third parties.[47] The Act came into law on 11 November 1999 when it received the Royal Assent,[2] but the full provisions of the Act did not come into force until May 2000.[54] The act made clear that contracts negotiated during a six-month "twilight period" after the act's passage fell under its provisions if they included language saying that they had been made under the terms of the act.[54]
The Act had various consequences – as well as allowing third parties to enforce terms it also made a number of exceptions to the basic rule unnecessary, such as claiming on behalf of another party as seen in Jackson v Horizon Holidays Ltd [1975] 1 WLR 1468.[55] It did not repeal or abolish these exceptions, however, and this allows the courts to accept cases based on the old common law exceptions as well as the 1999 Act.[56] The Act specifically allows parties to exempt the provisions of the Act from contracts, allowing them a way out if they so choose.[55]
The reaction from the judiciary, legal profession and academia was largely supportive of the Act; the doctrine of privity had long been thought unfair.[2][46] The act has been criticised somewhat by the construction industry for its refusal to make an exception for complex construction contracts,[25] and for the vagueness of the term "purports to confer a benefit". It is generally accepted, however, that it would be unfair to make an exception for a particular industry,[25] and case law has clarified the meaning of "purports to confer a benefit".
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "House of Lords Hansard, Vol. 595, Col. 605". Hansard. London: Parliament of the United Kingdom. 3 December 1998. Archived from the original on May 1, 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dean (2000) p.143
^ Jump up to: a b McKendrick (2007) p.137
Jump up ^ Dean (2000) p.1
^ Jump up to: a b Flannigan (1987) p.564
Jump up ^ Flannigan (1987) p.565
Jump up ^ Mulcahy (2008) p.94
Jump up ^ Turner (2007) p.vii
Jump up ^ McKendrick (2007) p.vii
Jump up ^ Mulcahy (2008) p.95
^ Jump up to: a b Flannigan (1987) p.572
^ Jump up to: a b Jacobs (1986) p.466
Jump up ^ Flannigan (1987) p.569
Jump up ^ Treitel (1983) p.458
^ Jump up to: a b Turner (2007) p.379
Jump up ^ Hughes (1999) p.431
Jump up ^ MacMillan (200) p.721
Jump up ^ Bridge (2001) p.85
Jump up ^ Andrews (2001) p.353
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.1(1)
Jump up ^ Dean (2000) p.144
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.1(2)
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews (2001) p.355
Jump up ^ McKendrick (2007) p.147
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dean (2000) p.145
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews (2001) p.360
Jump up ^ Whincup (2006) p.83
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.1(3)
Jump up ^ McKendrick (2007) p.149
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.1(5)
^ Jump up to: a b McKendrick (2007) p.151
Jump up ^ Stevens (2004) p.304
Jump up ^ Burrows (1996) p.544
Jump up ^ Treitel (2003) p.658
^ Jump up to: a b Stevens (2004) p.303
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.2(1)(a)
Jump up ^ Dean (2000) p.148
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.2(1)
^ Jump up to: a b c McKendrick (2007) p.152
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 S.3(2)
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews (2001) p.361
^ Jump up to: a b McKendrick (2007) p.153
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1990 S.4
Jump up ^ McKendrick (2007) p.160
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Andrews (2001) p.362
^ Jump up to: a b c McKendrick (2007) p.154
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Andrews (2001) p.363
Jump up ^ Carson (2000) p.2
Jump up ^ Whincup (2006) p.84
Jump up ^ Hughes (1999) p.439
Jump up ^ Furmston (2007) p.593
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews (2001) p.364
Jump up ^ Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1990 S.9
^ Jump up to: a b Dean (2000) p.149
^ Jump up to: a b Turner (2007) p.380
Jump up ^ McKendrick (2007) p.155
Bibliography[edit]
Andrews, Neil (2001). "Strangers to justice no longer: the reversal of the privity rule under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999". Cambridge Law Journal. 60 (2): 353–381. doi:10.1017/S0008197301000150.
Bridge, Michael (2001). "Privity of contract; Third parties". Edinburgh Law Review. 5 (1): 85–102. doi:10.3366/elr.2001.5.1.85.
Burrows, Andrew (1996). Reforming Privity of Contract: Law Commission Report No. 242. HMSO.
Carson, Veronica; Michael Clode (2000). "The end of privity of contract in the United Kingdom?". Journal of International Financial Markets. 2 (2): 61.
Dean, Meryll (2000). "Removing a blot on the landscape – the reform of the doctrine of privity". Journal of Business Law (2): 143–152.
Flannigan, Robert (October 1987). "Privity – the end of an era (error)". Law Quarterly Review. 103 (4): 564–593.
Furmston, Michael (2007). Law of Contract (15th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928756-7.
Hughes, Martin (2000). "Contracts (Rights Of Third Parties) Act 1999". Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law. 14 (10): 431–436.
Jacobs, Edward (1986). "Judicial reform of privity and consideration". Journal of Business Law (6): 466–473.
MacMillan, Catharine (2000). "A Birthday Present for Lord Denning: The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999". Modern Law Review. 63 (5): 721–738. JSTOR 1097046. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.00288.
McKendrick, Ewan (2007). Contract Law (7th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-230-01883-1.
Mulcahy, Linda (2008). Contract Law in Perspective (5th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-44432-3.
Palmer, Vernon V. (1989). "The History of Privity – The Formative Period (1500–1680)". The American Journal of Legal History. Temple University. 33 (1): 3–52. JSTOR 845785. doi:10.2307/845785.
Roe, Thomas (2000). "Contractual Intention under Section 1(1)(b) and 1(2) of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999". The Modern Law Review. 63 (6): 887–894. JSTOR 1097262. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.00299.
Treitel, Guenter (1983). An Outline of the Law of Contract (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-406-97268-0.
Treitel, Guenter (2003). Law of Contract (11th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 0-421-78850-X.
Turner, Chris (2007). Unlocking Contract Law (2nd ed.). Hodder Arnold. ISBN 978-0-340-94196-6.
Whincup, Michael (2006). Contract law and practice: the English system with Scottish, Commonwealth, and Continental comparisons. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 978-90-411-2521-7.
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Major League Soccer All-Star Game
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
MLS All-Star Game
Founded
1996
Region
Major League Soccer (CONCACAF)
Number of teams
2
Current champions
Real Madrid (1st title)
Most successful club(s)
MLS All-Stars (9 times)
Television broadcasters
FS1, UniMás, TSN, TVA Sports
2017 MLS All-Star Game
The Major League Soccer All-Star Game is an annual soccer game held by Major League Soccer featuring select players from the league against an international club. MLS initially adopted a traditional all-star game format used by other North American sports leagues where the Eastern Conference squared off against the Western Conference. This eventually evolved into the current system where the league annually invites a club from abroad to play against a league all-star team. The MLS All-Stars hold an 8–4 record in the competition marking the season's midpoint. Players are awarded rosters spots through a combination of fan voting and selections by the appointed manager and league commissioner.
In case of a tie after full-time, the game does not use a 30-minute extra time period; instead it goes straight to a penalty shoot-out.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Roster
3 Results by team
4 Results by year
4.1 "East vs. West" (1996–1997)
4.2 "MLS USA vs. MLS World" (1998)
4.3 "East vs. West" (1999–2001)
4.4 "All-Stars vs. Guest" (2002–2003)
4.5 "East vs. West" (2004)
4.6 "All-Stars vs. Guest" (2005–present)
5 References
History[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2012)
Major League Soccer's first all-star game was played at Giants Stadium in the summer of 1996. The game, using the traditional East–West format with players handpicked by the coaching staffs, was the first game of a doubleheader with the Brazilian national team defeating a team of FIFA World All-Stars.[1][2] The matchup between divisions would only be used for six seasons as MLS tried experimenting with different formats. The 1998 All-Star Game placed a team of American MLS players against MLS players from abroad. The 2002 game, the first to use a league-wide all-star team, is the only game to feature a national team opponent. Since then (except in 2004), every opponent has been a professional club invited by the league. The MLS All-Stars won their first six games before falling to Everton in penalties in 2009. All games since 2005 have been against teams from Europe, the majority of which have been from England's Premier League. This is a feasible format because unlike MLS (which runs a spring-summer-fall schedule) the major European leagues all run a fall-winter-spring schedule, meaning the middle of the MLS season coincides with the pre-seasons of most European leagues. From a European perspective, the match is considered to be a pre-season friendly against an MLS XI.
Roster[edit]
For 2014, ten players were chosen by All-Star Game coach Caleb Porter, eleven players were chosen by fan voting (subject to Porter's approval), and two were selected by MLS commissioner Don Garber.[3]
Results by team[edit]
Team
Winner
Runner-up
Total
MLS All-Stars
9 6 15
MLS East
5 1 6
Manchester United
2 &
—
2
MLS West
2 4 6
Arsenal
1 &
—
1
Everton
1 &
—
1
Roma
1 &
—
1
Real Madrid
1 &
—
1
MLS USA
1 &
—
1
Chelsea
&
—
2 2
Bayern Munich
&
—
1 1
Celtic
&
—
1 1
Fulham
&
—
1 1
Guadalajara
&
—
1 1
MLS World
&
—
1 1
Tottenham Hotspur
&
—
1 1
United States
&
—
1 1
West Ham United
&
—
1 1
Results by year[edit]
"East vs. West" (1996–1997)[edit]
East v West
1996 MLS All-Star Game
July 14, 1996 East 3–2 West
[show]Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Ramos 13'
Savarese 69'
Pittman 88' Report Preki 33'
Kreis 37' Attendance: 78,416
Referee: Kevin Stott
MVP: Carlos Valderrama

East v West
1997 MLS All-Star Game
July 9, 1997 East 5–4 West
[show]Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Valderrama 50'
Galderisi 63'
Warzycha 66'
Williams 70'
McBride 88' Report Washington 11'
Campos 44'
Takawira 80'
Jones 86' Attendance: 24,816
Referee: Arturo Angeles
MVP: Carlos Valderrama

"MLS USA vs. MLS World" (1998)[edit]
MLS USA v MLS World
1998 MLS All-Star Game
August 2, 1998 MLS USA 6–1 MLS World
[show]Citrus Bowl, Orlando, Florida
T. Ramos 5'
Lalas 15'
McBride 16'
Preki 40'
Lassiter 78'
Jones 83' Report M. Ramos 89' Attendance: 34,416
Referee: Esse Baharmast
MVP: Brian McBride

"East vs. West" (1999–2001)[edit]
East v West
1999 MLS All-Star Game
July 17, 1999 East 4–6 West
[show]Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Lassiter 1'
Moore 62' (pen.)
Valderrama 73'
John 83' Report Preki 13', 38'
Kosecki 32'
Jones 36'
Wright 84'
Cerritos 89' Attendance: 23,227
Referee: Sandra Hunt
MVP: Preki

East v West
2000 MLS All-Star Game
July 29, 2000 East 9–4 West
[show]Columbus Crew Stadium, Columbus, Ohio
Mathis 2'
Moreno 36'
Valencia 39'
Chung 51'
Diallo 59', 61'
Heaps 65'
Washington 67'
McBride 76' Report Razov 17', 22'
Cienfuegos 19'
Nowak 44' Attendance: 23,495
Referee: Paul Tamberino
MVP: Mamadou Diallo

East v West
2001 MLS All-Star Game
July 28, 2001 East 6–6 West
[show]Spartan Stadium, San Jose, California
Chacón 28'
McBride 34', 39'
Diallo 53'
Rooney 84'
Catê 87' Report Donovan 3', 7', 19', 90+2'
Graziani 26'
Kovalenko 69' Attendance: 23,512
Referee: Noel Kenney
MVP: Landon Donovan

"All-Stars vs. Guest" (2002–2003)[edit]
MLS All-Stars v United States
2002 MLS All-Star Game
August 3, 2002 MLS All-Stars 3–2 United States
[show]RFK Stadium, Washington, D.C.
Kreis 59'
Etcheverry 72'
Ralston 81' Report Donovan 58'
Jones 76' Attendance: 31,096
Referee: Brian Hall
MVP: Marco Etcheverry

MLS All-Stars v Guadalajara
2003 MLS All-Star Game
August 2, 2003 MLS All-Stars 3–1 Guadalajara
[show]Home Depot Center, Carson, California
Razov 57'
Ruiz 68'
Beasley 83' Report Garcia 66' Attendance: 27,000
Referee: Kevin Terry
MVP: Carlos Ruiz

"East vs. West" (2004)[edit]
East v West
2004 MLS All-Star Game
July 31, 2004 East 3–2 West
[show]RFK Stadium, Washington, D.C.
Guevara 20', 22' (pen.)
Eskandarian 74' Report Ching 43'
Kreis 89' Attendance: 21,378
Referee: Michael Kennedy
MVP: Amado Guevara

"All-Stars vs. Guest" (2005–present)[edit]
MLS All-Stars v Fulham
2005 MLS All-Star Game
July 30, 2005 MLS All-Stars 4–1 Fulham
[show]Columbus Crew Stadium, Columbus, Ohio
Twellman 23'
O’Brien 56'
Cunningham 85', 89' Report Jensen 66' (pen.) Attendance: 23,309
Referee: Ricardo Valenzuela
MVP: Taylor Twellman

MLS All-Stars v Chelsea
2006 MLS All-Star Game
August 5, 2006 MLS All-Stars 1–0 Chelsea
[show]Toyota Park, Bridgeview, Illinois
De Rosario 70' Report Attendance: 21,210
Referee: Abbey Okulaja
MVP: Dwayne De Rosario

MLS All-Stars v Celtic
2007 MLS All-Star Game
July 19, 2007 MLS All-Stars 2–0 Celtic
[show]Dick's Sporting Goods Park, Commerce City, Colorado
Ángel 36'
Toja 44' Report Attendance: 18,661
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
MVP: Juan Pablo Ángel

MLS All-Stars v West Ham United
2008 MLS All-Star Game
July 24, 2008 MLS All-Stars 3–2 West Ham United
[show]BMO Field, Toronto
Gómez 27'
Blanco 45'
De Rosario 70' (pen.) Report Ashton 26', 67' Attendance: 20,844
Referee: Mauricio Navarro
MVP: Cuauhtémoc Blanco

MLS All-Stars v Everton
2009 MLS All-Star Game
July 29, 2009 MLS All-Stars 1–1
(3–4 p) Everton
[show]Rio Tinto Stadium, Sandy, Utah
Davis 26' Report Saha 12' Attendance: 20,124
Referee: Ricardo Salazar
MVP: Tim Howard
Penalties
Donovan
Davis
Arnaud
Johnson
Casey
Ljungberg Vaughan
Jô
Baines
Neville
Lescott
Rodwell
MLS All-Stars v Manchester United
2010 MLS All-Star Game
July 28, 2010 MLS All-Stars 2–5 Manchester United
[show]Reliant Stadium, Houston
Ching 64'
De Rosario 90' Report Macheda 1', 13'
Gibson 70'
Cleverley 73'
Hernández 84' Attendance: 70,728
Referee: Jorge Gonzalez
MVP: Federico Macheda

MLS All-Stars v Manchester United
2011 MLS All-Star Game
July 27, 2011 MLS All-Stars 0–4 Manchester United
[show]Red Bull Arena, Harrison, New Jersey
Report Anderson 20'
Park 45'
Berbatov 52'
Welbeck 68' Attendance: 26,760
Referee: Jair Marrufo
MVP: Park Ji-sung

MLS All-Stars v Chelsea
2012 MLS All-Star Game
July 25, 2012 MLS All-Stars 3–2 Chelsea
[show]PPL Park, Chester, Pennsylvania
Wondolowski 21'
Pontius 73'
Johnson 90+1' Report Terry 32'
Lampard 58' Attendance: 19,236
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
MVP: Chris Pontius

MLS All-Stars v Roma
2013 MLS All-Star Game
July 31, 2013 MLS All-Stars 1–3 Roma
[show]Sporting Park, Kansas City, Kansas
20:30 Gonzalez 90+1' Report Strootman 4'
Florenzi 47'
Tallo 68' Attendance: 21,175
Referee: Hilario Grajeda
MVP: Alessandro Florenzi

MLS All-Stars v Bayern Munich
2014 MLS All-Star Game
August 6, 2014 MLS All-Stars 2–1 Bayern Munich
[show]Providence Park, Portland, Oregon
Wright-Phillips 51'
Donovan 70' Report Lewandowski 8' Attendance: 21,733
Referee: Jair Marrufo
MVP: Landon Donovan

MLS All-Stars v Tottenham Hotspur
2015 MLS All-Star Game
July 29, 2015 MLS All-Stars 2–1 Tottenham Hotspur
[show]Dick's Sporting Goods Park, Commerce City, Colorado
Kaká 20' (pen.)
Villa 23' Report Kane 37' Attendance: 18,671
Referee: Ismail Elfath
MVP: Kaká

MLS All-Stars v Arsenal
2016 MLS All-Star Game
July 28, 2016 MLS All-Stars 1–2 Arsenal
[show]Avaya Stadium, San Jose, California
Drogba 45+2' Report Campbell 10' (pen.)
Akpom 87' Attendance: 18,000
Referee: Chris Penso
MVP: Chuba Akpom

MLS All-Stars v Real Madrid
2017 MLS All-Star Game
August 2, 2017 MLS All-Stars 1–1
(2–4 p) Real Madrid
[show]Soldier Field, Chicago[4]
Dwyer 87' Report Mayoral 59' Attendance: 61,428
Referee: Allen Chapman
MVP: Borja Mayoral
Penalties
Dwyer
Dos Santos
Valeri
Almirón Benzema
Bale
Kovačić
Marcelo
MLS All-Stars v Juventus
2018 MLS All-Star Game
August 1, 2018 MLS All-Stars v Juventus
[show]Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta

References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stephenson, Colinwas (July 14, 1996). "Soccer Fans Get Their Kicks With 2 All-star Games Today". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Yannis, Alex (July 16, 1996). "SOCCER REPORT". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MLS announces 2014 MLS All-Star Game roster". US Soccer Players. July 21, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Matthews, David (January 31, 2017). "Major League Soccer All-Star Game To Be Held At Soldier Field". dnainfo.com. DNAinfo.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
[show]
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