text:
List of Subaru transmissions
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Subaru motor vehicles have used manual, conventional automatic, and continuously variable (CVT) transmissions. Subaru manufactures its own manual and CVT transmissions (for non-Kei cars). Since the 1970s, all Subaru conventional automatic transmissions have been Jatco designs adapted to Subaru specifications. Since the 2014 model year, the conventional automatic transmissions in North American-spec Subaru vehicles have been replaced with Lineartronic CVTs (with some exceptions such as Outbacks with the 3.6 liter engine).
Contents
[hide]
1 Automatic
1.1 Three-speed
1.1.1 3AT
1.1.2 3AT 1st revision
1.1.3 3EAT
1.2 Four-speed
1.2.1 ACT-4 or VTD
1.2.2 4EAT
1.3 Five-speed
1.3.1 5EAT
1.4 Six-speed
1.4.1 6EATT
2 Continuously variable
2.1 1989–1994 Subaru Justy ECVT/Justy 4WD ECVT
2.2 Subaru Lineartronic CVT
3 Manual
3.1 Four-speed
3.1.1 T71
3.1.2 T71A 1st revision
3.1.3 T71W 4WD
3.1.4 T71W 4WD 1st revision
3.1.5 T81W 4WD
3.1.6 T81W 4WD 1st revision
3.2 Five-speed
3.2.1 T71G
3.2.2 T71G
3.2.3 T81G
3.2.4 5MT EA
3.2.5 5MT
3.2.6 5MT full-time
3.2.7 5MT Justy
3.2.8 5MT Justy 4WD
3.2.9 5MT
3.2.10 5MT revised
3.2.11 5MT revised 2012+
3.2.12 5MT turbo (32000AG970)
3.3 Six-speed
3.3.1 Impreza WRX STi and Legacy spec. B
3.3.2 2010 Legacy/Outback
3.3.3 2015 WRX
3.3.4 2018 Crosstrek
4 Notes
5 Sources
6 See also
Automatic[edit]
Three-speed[edit]
All of Subaru's three speed automatic transmissions were made by Jatco.
3AT[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 2.600 2nd 1.505 3rd 1.000 Rev 4.100
Usage: 1975–1979 Subaru Leone
3AT 1st revision[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 2.600 2nd 1.505 3rd 1.000 Rev 2.166
Usage: 1980–1982 Subaru Leone
3EAT[edit]
The 3EAT was an electronically controlled 3AT with available Single-Range 4WD.
Gear Ratios: 1st 2.821 2nd 1.559 3rd 1.000 Rev 2.257
Usage: 1983–,19841994 Subaru Leone 1985–1989 Subaru XT and Subaru BRAT
Four-speed[edit]
Subaru built their own four-speed automatic transmission based on the old Jatco design. It was available in FWD and Full-time awd.
ACT-4 or VTD[edit]
Subaru uses two types of traction delivery systems, called Active Torque Split, or the performance oriented Variable Torque Distribution, called VTD. Active Torque Split has a front axle bias of 60:40 (90:10 in 1993-2009 4EAT Legacys/Libertys), and sends torque to the rear wheels when front traction loss is detected. The first system is the more commonly used setup used on most Subaru products. VTD has more of a rear axle bias varying in deployment ratios of 45:55. VTD is usually found in performance models equipped with a turbocharger and VDC models. Active Torque Split and VTD are utilized on transmissions with at least 4 gears, or the 4EAT and 5EAT.
4EAT[edit]
This transmission was released in 1988 for use in the Subaru XT6 and Leone Touring Wagon. The bellhousing and input shaft were changed for the Subaru EJ engine, but this transmission was used up until MY2008 with only minor changes.
Gear Ratios: 1st 2.785 2nd 1.545 3rd 1.000 4th 0.694 Rev 2.272
Some versions had gear ratios of 1st 3.030 2nd 1.620 3rd 1.000 4th 0.694 Rev 2.272
Usage: 1988–1991 Subaru XT, 1990–2004 Subaru Legacy, 1992–1997 Subaru Alcyone SVX, and all Subarus 1995–2007
The Ford Motor Company also uses a transmission on some Ford, Kia Motors, Mercury, and Mazda products called the F-4EAT, which shares some similarities with the Subaru, since they are both manufactured by Jatco. The Nissan Pathfinder has also used this transmission in the past with an external transfer case attached.
Five-speed[edit]
Subaru released the 5EAT w/ SportShift in 2003 based on the Jatco JR507E transmission.
5EAT[edit]
Gear Ratios:
1st 3.540 2nd 2.264 3rd 1.471 4th 1.000 5th 0.834 Rev 2.370
Usage: 2005+ Subaru Legacy GT, Subaru Outback XT, Subaru Tribeca
Six-speed[edit]
Subaru made a one off paddle-shift AWD transmission for their B11S Concept car built off of the 5EAT platform.
6EATT[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.636 2nd 2.264 3rd 1.471 4th 1.000 5th 0.834 6th 0.700 Rev 3.272
Usage: B11S Concept Car Only
Continuously variable[edit]
1989–1994 Subaru Justy ECVT/Justy 4WD ECVT[edit]
Subaru developed a CVT for the Subaru Justy to gain reasonable acceleration and fuel economy from its small three cylinder engine. It employs a push-belt system and comes with an optional 4WD unit that engages the rear wheels when a button on the shifter is depressed. It also has a 'sport mode' that when activated nearly doubles engine RPM for better torque distribution when towing or going uphill. The Shift Indicator reads P-R-N-D-Ds, Ds stands for Drive Sport, which doubles engine RPM. The CVT transmission proved unreliable after accumulating high mileage, causing Subaru to stop exporting cars with CVTs to North America until the fifth generation Legacy/Outback. Subaru did continue to build Kei cars with CVTs, only for sale in Japan. In addition to improving the design of the transmission over the years, Subaru also supplies other companies with CVTs, as well. The Justy ECVT was also available with hydraulically actuated 4WD (unlike the 5sp manual Justy, which has pneumatic actuation) in November 1988, this model was called the Justy 4WD ECVT.
Gear Ratios: Infinite
Usage: 1989–1994 Subaru Justy
Subaru Lineartronic CVT[edit]
Lineartronic CVT transmission
The fifth generation Legacy/Outback and the JDM Subaru Exiga received a newly revised CVT under the Lineartronic name. It is a metal chain, pulley-based CVT, which is considered the most reliable, due to the simplicity of the pulley system and durability of the metal chain. In addition, the metal chain pulley system is generally quieter than other CVT designs.
In the US, the Lineartronic is available with the 2.5i engine in the Outback, Legacy and Forester(2014), and the 2.0 FB engine in the Impreza and slightly modified for the XV Crosstrek. In SE Asia this transmission is also available for the 2.0i engine for the 2010 and later Legacy Legacy Asia spec. Subaru claims that the transmission provides "uninterrupted power that maximizes fuel efficiency while keeping the engine at the optimal rev range". EPA mileage estimates for the CVT with the 2.5i, naturally aspirated based engine, claim 30 MPG highway (29 Outback, 31 Legacy).[1]
Lineartronic uses a specially modified torque converter to connect the engine to the transmission. It can slip like a traditional torque converter, but remains locked under all conditions except when coasting or traveling at very low speed. The persistent lockup condition under acceleration provides the efficiency and control of a clutch while still behaving much like a traditional planetary automatic transmission. The transmission can also be manually controlled by the driver by providing the ability to select 6 or 7 (if paired with a Diesel engine[2]) different "virtual" gears, where the transmission will hold a particular ratio.
Gear Ratios: 6.32:1
Usage: 2008–current Subaru Legacy / Outback / Exiga / Impreza / Levorg / Forester / XV and 2015 Subaru Impreza WRX Premium and Limited Editions.
Manual[edit]
Four-speed[edit]
Subaru made several four speed transmissions from 1970–1989, they are listed below.
T71[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.307 2nd 1.944 3rd 1.344 4th 0.942 Rev 4.100
Usage: All 1970–1982 FWD
T71A 1st revision[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.636 2nd 1.950 3rd 1.193 4th 0.769 Rev 3.583
Usage: All 1983–1989 Subaru Leone FWD 1600cc
T71W 4WD[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 4.090 2nd 2.157 3rd 1.379 4th .971 Rev 4.100, Low Range 1.462
Usage: 1975–1980 Subaru Leone and 1978–1981 Subaru BRAT
T71W 4WD 1st revision[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.666 2nd 2.157 3rd 1.266 4th .885 Rev 4.100, Low Range 1.462
Usage: 1981 Subaru Leone 1600cc
T81W 4WD[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.636 2nd 1.950 3rd 1.266 4th .885 Rev 3.583, Low Range 1.462
Usage: 1981 Subaru Leone 1800cc
T81W 4WD 1st revision[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.636 2nd 1.950 3rd 1.193 4th .769 Rev 3.583, Low Range 1.462
Usage: 1982–1989 Subaru Leone 1800cc and 1982–1993 Subaru BRAT (EA-81 engine only)
Five-speed[edit]
T71G[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.666 2nd 2.157 3rd 1.266 4th .885 5th .725, Rev 4.100
Usage: 1975–1982 Subaru Leone
T71G[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.636 2nd 2.157 3rd 1.266 4th .885 5th .725, Rev 3.583
Usage: 1983–1989 Subaru Leone 1600cc
T81G[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.371 2nd 1.950 3rd 1.266 4th .885 5th .725, Rev 3.583
Usage: 1983–1989 Subaru Leone 1800cc (EA-81 Engine ONLY)!
5MT EA[edit]
1st 3.636 2nd 1.950 3rd 1.344 4th .971 5th .783, Rev 3.583
Usage: 1985–1994 Subaru Leone
5MT[edit]
This was the only five-speed 4WD transmission made for the Subaru Leone
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.545 2nd 1.947 3rd 1.366 4th .972 5th .780, Rev 3.416 Low Range 1.59
Usage: 1985–1994 Subaru Leone and 1985–1989 Subaru XT 1800cc
5MT full-time[edit]
This transmission was Subaru's first full-time 4WD transmission, only used in the Alcyone/XT6 and 3 door RX.
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.545 2nd 2.111 3rd 1.448 4th 1.088 5th .871, Rev 3.416 Low Range 1.196
Usage: 1988–1991 Subaru XT-6
5MT Justy[edit]
The Justy used a transaxle, rather than a conventional Subaru transmission. This transmission was dropped in 1994 when you could only get a 4WD unit.
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.071 2nd 1.695 3rd 1.137 4th .823 5th .675, Rev 3.461 Final 4.437
Usage: 1984–1993 Subaru Justy
5MT Justy 4WD[edit]
After its introduction in 1984, the Justy was also available with 4WD and thus a different gearbox. The gear ratios for this gearbox were altered slightly. In 1994 the normal/FWD gearbox was dropped; one could only get a 4WD gearbox by then.
Gear ratios: 1st 3.071 2nd 1.695 3rd 1.137 4th .771 5th .631, Rev 3.461 Final 5.200
Usage: 1984–1994 Subaru Justy
5MT[edit]
It is notable to mention that only Turbo vehicles received a hydraulic clutch until 1995. Also, in 1998 Subaru changed from a push-style clutch to a pull-style, on turbo models, requiring minor bellhousing and fork changes.
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.785 2nd 1.945 3rd 1.500 4th 0.994 5th 0.780/(0.735 WRX) – Final 4.11 (3.90 WRX)
Usage: All 1990–2003 with EJ-Engine
MY 96-99 Transmission specs (and possibly other years)
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.545 2nd 2.111 3rd 1.448 4th 1.088 5th 0.825 (FWD) / 0.780 (AWD) / 0.871 (Outback AWD) --- Final 3.454 (FWD) / 3.900 (AWD) / 4.111 (Forester, Outback AWD)
Source: 1996 Subaru Legacy Service Manual/1999 Subaru Forester Service Manual
Also matches 1999 Legacy 30th Anniversary[3][4]
5MT revised[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.454 2nd 2.062 3rd 1.448 4th 1.088 5th 0.871 Rev 3.545
Usage: All 2003–2011 Subaru Non-Turbo

5MT revised 2012+[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.454 2nd 1.888 3rd 1.296 4th 0.972 5th 0.738 Rev ? Final 4.111
Usage: All 2012–Present Subaru Non-Turbo

5MT turbo (32000AG970)[edit]
Gear Ratios: 1st 3.166 2nd 1.882 3rd 1.296 4th 0.972 5th 0.738 Rev 3.545
Usage: All 2003–Present Subaru Turbo
Per my Subaru Service Manual, page 5MT-2, for 2005 Turbo Baja 1st through 5th gear ratios are: 3.454, 1.947, 1.366, 0.972, 0.738 with a final drive ratio of 4.444. The gear ratios for reverse are not provided. Gear ratios for the non-turbo Baja Sport are 3.454, 2.062, 1.488, 1.088, 0.871 with a final drive ratio of 4.111 which agree with those listed on the current web page.
Six-speed[edit]
Impreza WRX STi and Legacy spec. B[edit]
There are several six speed manual transmissions currently available for USDM Subarus, found in the STi, Legacy Spec B, and 2015 WRX. The STi's 6MT has undergone various changes throughout the years, but have always had a limited slip front differential with Driver Controlled Center Differential (DCCD). In 2006, The STi's 6MT underwent some changes that included making the center differential a limited slip unit and a slight lengthening of some gears. The Spec. B's 6MT has different gear ratios (specifically 6th gear being longer) than the STi's unit, does not have DCCD, and neither the front nor center differentials are limited slip units. The Spec B's 6MT is still highly prized; however, because of its longer ratios than those found in the STi, while still retaining much of the STi unit's robustness.
Gear Ratios : 1st 3.636 2nd 2.375 3rd 1.761 4th 1.346 5th 0.971 6th 0.756 Rev 3.545 (This only applies to either the 04-05 STi or the 06+ STi, not both, and not the Spec B.).
Usage: 2004+ Subaru WRX STi and 2007+ Subaru Legacy spec. B
Early 2004 WRX STi models came with axle stubs inserted in the transmission with female front axles. Late 2004 WRX STi models came without the stubs and instead had male front axles.
The 2004 and 2005 model WRX STi 6MT was a final drive of 3.90. In 2006 and 2007 the 6MT came with a final drive of 3.545 which made the 2006 and 2007 much sought after for the non-STi WRX owners as a transmission swap. This is due to the R160 rear differential 3.545 final drive of most of the non-STi WRXs.
Model
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Reverse
Final Drive
DCCD
Front Diff
Center Diff
US Impreza WRX STi MY04 TY856WH3MA 3,636 2,375 1,761 1,346 0,971 0,756 3,545 3,900 35/65 A.P. Suretrac automatic DCCD system
US Impreza WRX STi MY04 late TY856WH4MA 3,636 2,375 1,761 1,346 0,971 0,756 3,545 3,900 35/65 A.P. Suretrac automatic DCCD system
US Impreza WRX STi MY05 TY856WW6MA 3,636 2,375 1,761 1,346 0,971 0,756 3,545 3,900 35/65 Helical LSD automatic DCCD system
2010 Legacy/Outback[edit]
The 2010 Legacy and Outback models offer a six-speed manual as one of the two transmission options in the base 2.5i, and is the only option for the Legacy GT model. This transmission is an evolution of the 5MT split-case design, and does not share any parts with the STI's 6MT transmission. The transmission uses a cable shifter, unlike previous designs that use a direct mechanical linkage.
2015 WRX[edit]
The 2015 WRX has a new 6-speed cable-shifted manual transmission behind the new FA20DIT boxer engine. This transmission uses a viscous limited slip center differential with a 50/50 torque split similar to the 5MT found in previous WRX's. Reverse is located to the right of 6th gear, and is accessed by lifting a lockout ring below the shift knob, similar to the STi 6MT.
Gear Ratios are: 1st: 3.454 2nd: 1.947 3rd: 1.296 4th: 0.972 5th: 0.780 6th: 0.666 Reverse: 3.636 Final Drive: 4.11
2018 Crosstrek[edit]
Gear Ratios are: 1st 3.818 2nd 1.947 3rd 1.296 4th 1.029 5th 0.825 6th 0.738 Final Drive 4.44:1
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.subaru.com/engineering/transmission.html
Jump up ^ http://sgws.subaru.no/2015_outback_spesifikasjon.html?ref=1453239236.122
Jump up ^ "Subaru Transmission Chart" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Relative measurement of 1999 Legacy Gear Ratios".
Sources[edit]
Subaru of America main website
"Subaru Transmission Specs". Archived from the original on 1 August 2008.
1977 Subaru Factory Service Manual
1983 Subaru Factory Service Manual
1984 Subaru Factory Service Manual
1979–2002 Subaru Owner's Manuals
"Rallispec LTD. – Subaru Gearbox Chart". Sports Performance Drivers Association. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
See also[edit]
List of Subaru engines
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Subaru_transmissions&oldid=820181122"
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Lists of automobile transmissions
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Hayley Kiyoko
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hayley Kiyoko
Kiyoko performing in 2017
Born
Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft
(1991-04-03) April 3, 1991 (age 27)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation
Singer
songwriter
actress
dancer
director
Years active
2007–present
Musical career
Genres
Dream pop[1]
synth-pop[2]
Instruments
Vocals
guitar
bass guitar
keyboards
drums
accordion
autoharp
Labels
Empire
Atlantic
Associated acts
The Stunners
Website
hayleykiyokoofficial.com
Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft (born April 3, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer. Beginning dance lessons as a child, Kiyoko's interest in entertaining led to her working as a child model and actress. She appeared in a variety of films including Scooby-Doo! film series (2009–10), Lemonade Mouth (2011), Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Jem and the Holograms (2015), and XOXO (2016). Alongside her film roles, she also held leading roles in the TV series The Fosters (2014) and CSI: Cyber (2015-16). Kiyoko is set to star in the upcoming series, Five Points, alongside Madison Pettis.
Kiyoko was a founding member of The Stunners in 2007. The group released a slew of singles and supported Justin Bieber's My World Tour, before disbanding in 2011. Since, Kiyoko has issued three solo extended plays: A Belle to Remember (2013), This Side of Paradise (2015), and Citrine (2016). Following the release of her single "Girls Like Girls", the self-directed video became a viral hit.[citation needed] Following singles including "Sleepover", "Feelings", and "Curious" have been released to accompany her debut studio album Expectations, which was released on March 30, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 1991–2007: Early life
1.2 2007–2011: Career beginnings and The Stunners
1.3 2012–present: Acting, solo debut and Expectations
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
3.3 Web
4 Discography
5 Tours
6 References
7 External links
Life and career[edit]
1991–2007: Early life[edit]
Kiyoko was born on April 3, 1991, in Los Angeles, California, to actor/comedian Jamie Alcroft and figure skater/choreographer Sarah Kawahara. Her mother is from Canada, and is of Japanese ancestry, and her father is from Ohio, and has German, Welsh, English and Scottish ancestry.[3] She began acting at a young age, appearing in national commercials for companies such as GM Onstar, Slim Jim, and Cinnamon Toast Crunch.[4] Insisting on drum lessons at age 6, she was writing drum charts for new releases and selling them in a local music store by age 11.[5] At age 8, Kiyoko wrote a song called "Notice", which her dad still urges her to release.[6] She was elected President of her middle school and high school freshman classes school and Vice-president in her senior year. She was appointed Commissioner of Entertainment in her sophomore year and Commissioner of Pep Rallies in her junior year.
She created and choreographed "The Agoura High Step Team" which was faculty-approved as a school club under her direction. The team placed 3rd at a Nationals competition in 2005.[7] Upon graduation, she was accepted into Clive Davis School of Recorded Music at New York University but initially deferred until eventually declining due to career opportunities.[citation needed]
Kiyoko was discovered at the age of 5 when she went with her friend to a photo shoot. The director asked her to step in front of the camera, and she ended up in a national print ad for KnowledgeWare. Nickelodeon spotted her at the Culver City Ice Rink, and she ended up featured in and narrating a short piece about children in sports called, "I'm Hayley, a Skater".[5] Kiyoko continued to hone her skills in middle school plays, and in 7th grade she, after seeing Eurasian girls like herself act in J. C. Penney commercials, asked for an agent.[citation needed] She got her commercial agent and booked her first audition, claiming acting was always just something she did on the side to make money for college and music equipment.[8] Kiyoko created the garage band Hede, named after her grandfather,[7] in November 2007, and released five songs on Myspace and a music video for "Warehouse". The band performed locally on several occasions and split in 2008.[7]
2007–2011: Career beginnings and The Stunners[edit]
Main article: The Stunners
Kiyoko in 2011
In 2007, Kiyoko was approached by former pop-star Vitamin C to join an all-girl singing and dancing group. She joined Allie Gonino, Tinashe, Kelsey Sanders (later replaced by Lauren Hudson), and Marisol Esparza to form The Stunners. Six months after forming, the group signed with Columbia Records and released a single titled "Bubblegum" to iTunes along with the official video for the single. They also contributed a cover of the song "Let's Hear It for the Boy" to the iCarly soundtrack.[9] In 2009, the group left Columbia Records,[10] signed a production deal with Lionsgate Entertainment, and shot a music video for their promo single "We Got It", which was released on February 22, 2010.[10] After graduating high school in 2009, Kiyoko booked her first big movie, starring as Velma Dinkley in Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins, a role she almost did not audition for due to her image.[11][12] The TV movie premiered on September 13, 2009 and was a huge success. It brought in 6.1 million viewers, making it the most-watched program in Cartoon Network's history.[13][12] She reprised the role in the movie's sequel, Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster, which premiered on October 16, 2010. The sequel drew 3.4 million viewers.[14] In 2010, Kiyoko also guest starred in four episodes of Disney's Wizards of Waverly Place in the role of Stevie Nichols, an evil wizard.
The Stunners signed to Universal Republic Records[10] in 2010 and released their first single "Dancin' Around the Truth", which featured the New Boyz.[15] The music video for the song premiered June 2, just before the group was announced as an opening act on Justin Bieber's My World Tour.[16] A full album was planned,[17] but cancelled when the group split in 2011.[10][18][19] Kiyoko began work on the Disney Channel movie Lemonade Mouth in 2010,[11] starring in a lead role as rebellious teenager Stella Yamada. The film premiered on April 15, 2011 with 5.7 million viewers.[20][21] Kiyoko later guest starred in the episode "Skater Girl Island" of Disney XD's Zeke and Luther which aired May 23, 2011. A sequel to Lemonade Mouth was cancelled prior to pre-production when Disney released a statement saying that "they felt the movie had completed its story within the first film."[22]
2012–present: Acting, solo debut and Expectations[edit]
In February 2012, Kiyoko landed a small role in Blue Lagoon: The Awakening, a Lifetime TV movie and remake of the 1980 film The Blue Lagoon. The movie premiered on June 16, 2012.[23] She portrayed the character Gabi in a recurring role on ABC Family's The Fosters and later landed the role of Raven Ramirez in CSI: Cyber.[24] She also portrayed Shannie in the Netflix movie XOXO, which premiered in August 2016.
On March 12, 2013, Kiyoko released her debut EP, A Belle to Remember.[25] The album was partially crowdfunded through MusicPledge.[26] Immediately following its release, Kiyoko began writing new music in London with British producer James Flannigan. She announced via Facebook in 2014 that her next EP was finished and she would be debuting the songs at a show later that month. The songs were recorded in her parents' garage in Los Angeles with Flannigan.[27] Kiyoko also collaborated with Swedish producer Anders Grahn.[28]
Her second EP, This Side of Paradise, was released on February 3, 2015.[29] The music video for her single "Girls Like Girls" was released on June 24, 2015.[30] After co-directing the video for "Girls Like Girls" (which as of March 2018 has over 86 million views[31]), Kiyoko assumed full directorial responsibilities for her next music video. "Cliff's Edge" was released via Vevo in November 2015.[32]
In 2016, she released the single "Gravel to Tempo" and its music video from her next EP, Citrine.[33] The EP was released on September 30, 2016 via EMPIRE and Atlantic.[34] Her third fully self-directed music video for the song "One Bad Night" was premiered via Vice on October 11, 2016 in order to promote the EP.[35] A new single called "Sleepover" was released alongside its music video on March 2, 2017 via BuzzFeed.[36] Following that, the self-directed music video for her single "Feelings" was released on October 19, 2017.[37] The third single, "Curious" was released on January 13, 2018 with the album's pre-order, alongside its music video, directed by Kiyoko and James Larese, and which premiered on Total Request Live.[38][39]
Her debut studio album, Expectations, was released on March 30, 2018.[40]
Personal life[edit]
In an interview for Elle magazine, Kiyoko referred to herself as a gay woman.[41] Kiyoko has said that the "Gravel to Tempo" video draws on her experiences with having crushes on girls while growing up.[33] She spoke further about her sexuality in an article for Paper. In that interview, she expressed her frustration about not connecting to people the way she wanted. When asked about something about herself that no one knew and she was afraid to sing about, Kiyoko wanted to sing about the fact that she likes girls, but was struggling to be out about that. In her school days, she had a crush on a female teacher, and she realized she liked girls and grew up struggling with these feelings, fearing rejection and judgment if she came out. She wanted to inspire confidence in young people dealing with the same struggles.[42] Through her music, Kiyoko works to normalize lesbian relationships in a society and music industry that she sees as being very heteronormative. In an interview, she said,
"If you see two girls falling in love and normalizing that, then [people] can go, 'I can fall in love, too. I can be that person. I can look like that. I can get a girl that looks like that.' If they see that, then they can believe it. It's just how we are."[6]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2012 Adrift Jess Short film
2014 Hello, My Name Is Frank Alisa
2015 Insidious: Chapter 3 Maggie
2015 Jem and the Holograms Aja Leith
2016 XOXO Shanni
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2007 Unfabulous Auctioning Girl / Rapping & Dancing Girl Episodes: "The Auction", "The Song"
2009 Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins Velma Dinkley Television film
2010 Wizards of Waverly Place Stevie Nichols Recurring role; 4 episodes
2010 Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster Velma Dinkley Television film
2011 Lemonade Mouth Stella Yamada Television film
2011 Zeke and Luther Suzi Vandelintzer Episode: "Skater Girl Island"
2012 Blue Lagoon: The Awakening Helen Television film
2013 The Vampire Diaries Megan Episode: "I Know What You Did Last Summer"
2014 The Fosters Gabi Recurring role; 5 episodes
2015–16 CSI: Cyber Raven Ramirez Main role; 28 episodes
2017 Insecure Miko Episode: "Hella LA"
Web[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2014 The Fosters: Girls United Gabi Main role; 5 episodes
2018 Five Points Lexi Post-production
Discography[edit]
Main articles: Hayley Kiyoko discography and The Stunners § Discography
Expectations (2018)
Tours[edit]
Headlining
This Side of Paradise Tour (2015)
The Summer Tour (2015)
One Bad Night Tour (2016–17)
Expectations Tour (2018)
Supporting
Never Shout Never – Mid Winter's Nights Dream Acoustik Tour (2015)
Miike Snow – iii Tour (2016)
Panic! at the Disco – Pray for the Wicked Tour (2018)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rick Florino (July 24, 2016). "Interview: Hayley Kiyoko". Artistdirect.
Jump up ^ Kim Taylor Bennett (March 25, 2016). "Listen to All the Shiny New Hayley Kiyoko Remixes of "Cliffs Edge"". Noisey.
Jump up ^ Nalea J. Ko (May 9, 2011). "Disney Starlet Hayley Kiyoko on Keeping Grounded in Hollywood". Pacific Citizen. Archived from the original on November 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hazuda, Matt (August 1, 2008). "PR: Warner Premiere & Cartoon Network to Release Live-Action SCOOBY-DOO Prequel". Toon Zone. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Alcroft. "Hayley Kiyoko — Biography". IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b Stephen J. Horowitz (March 8, 2018). "Hayley Kiyoko on Her Debut Album 'Expectations' and Being a Queer Pop Star: 'It's Important for People to Lead by Example'". Billboard.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sophia Fische (July 24, 2008). "Westlake High student to star in upcoming 'Scooby Doo'film". The Acorn.
Jump up ^ "Hayley Kiyoko Interview!". Glitter Magazine. August 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Stunners Biography on MTV". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lindell, Karen (July 16, 2010). "Hayley's Comet". Ventura County Star. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 15, 2009). "SCOOBY-DOO! THE MYSTERY BEGINS Scores as Cartoon Network's Most-Watched Telecast in Network History". TV by the Numbers.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 19, 2010). "Sunday Cable Ratings: Kardarshians Lead; 'Mad Men' Finale Up; 'Rubicon' Finale Down; 'Boardwalk Empire,' 'Sonny with a Chance' & Much More". TV by the Numbers.
Jump up ^ "Top 40/M Future Releases". All Access Music Groupaccessdate=2010-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Justin Bieber presents The Stunners!". June 3, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Jump up ^ "ASCAP search results Stunners – HEARTS STOP BEATING". Retrieved 2011-12-29.
Jump up ^ "The Stunners (group)". eNotes. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
Jump up ^ "The Lying Game's Allie Gonino Dishes on Her New Role, Makeup Tricks and Shoe Splurging". Elle Girl. Karen Hor and Jaclyn Palazzolo. October 12, 2011. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 28, 2011). "Friday Cable Ratings: History's "American Restoration" Leads Demo; Disney's "Lemonade Mouth" Tops Viewing + "Sanctuary," "Smackdown" and More". TV by the Numbers.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 4, 2011). "Disney Channel's 'Lemonade Mouth' Gains an Additional 1.5 Million Viewers with a Week of DVR Playback". TV by the Numbers.
Jump up ^ Peel, Anna (May 17, 2012). "Bridget Mendler – Lemonade Mouth Won't Make A Sequel". BSC Kids.
Jump up ^ Ng, Philiana (May 15, 2012). "Lifetime's 'Blue Lagoon' TV Movie to Premiere in June". Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Carp, Jesse (March 4, 2015). "CSI: Cyber Review — A Drama So Formulaic It Could Have Been Created By Computer". Cinema Blend.
Jump up ^ "A Belle to Remember". iTunes.
Jump up ^ "HAYLEY KIYOKO IS THE 'LESBIAN JESUS' SAVIOR POP DESERVES".
Jump up ^ "The Fold presents: Hayley Kiyoko". Fold Silver Lake. 2014.
Jump up ^ Kiyoko, Hayley (July 16, 2014). "After leaving my music management last year..." Facebook.
Jump up ^ Leight, Elias (February 2, 2015). "Exclusive Premiere: Hayley Kiyoko, 'This Side of Paradise' EP". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Rosenbloom, Ali (July 29, 2015). "Hayley Kiyoko's "Girls Like Girls" Music Video Tops 3.8 Million Views on Vevo, Reveals Inspiration for Song". Us Weekly. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hayley Kiyoko — Girls like Girls". Vevo. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Maxwell Losgar (November 12, 2015). "Hayley Kiyoko on Casting a Girl as the Love Interest in Her Music Vide". Teen Vogue.
^ Jump up to: a b Arianna Davis (August 5, 2016). "Hayley Kiyoko Gravel To Tempo New Song, Music Video". Refinery29.
Jump up ^ Allen Foster (September 29, 2016). "Hayley Kiyoko on 'Citrine': 'My fans really inspired me to write this EP'". AXS.
Jump up ^ Kim Taylor Bennett (October 11, 2016). "Hayley Kiyoko's Video for "One Bad Night" Packs a Serious Punch". Vice.
Jump up ^ Sarah Karlan (March 2, 2017). "Hayley Kiyoko's Latest Single Is Here To Make Your Heart Hurt (In The Best Way)". BuzzFeed.
Jump up ^ Bianca Gracie (October 19, 2017). "Hayley Kiyoko Reveals All Her 'Feelings' For A Girl In Flirty New Video". Fuse.
Jump up ^ Nina Braca (January 11, 2018). "Watch Hayley Kiyoko's Colorful Video for 'Curious'". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Sydney Gore (January 11, 2018). "Hayley Kiyoko Premieres "Curious" Visual On TRL". MTV News, TRL.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/HayleyKiyoko/status/979569063352418304
Jump up ^ "Exclusive Interview: Hayley Kiyoko on Her 'Insecure' Guest Role". ELLE. 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Jump up ^ Hayley Kiyoko (December 12, 2016). "Hayley Kiyoko On Her Sexuality and Finding a Voice". Paper.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hayley Kiyoko.
Official website
Hayley Kiyoko on IMDb
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Hayley Kiyoko on Instagram
Hayley Kiyoko's channel on YouTube
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VIAF: 120772315
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ISNI: 0000 0001 1456 2811
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BNF: cb16205090b (data)
MusicBrainz: 3abc7470-3d67-4272-a24c-439f411b42eb
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French Constitution of 1791
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French Constitution of 1791
French Constitution of 1791.
Original title
(in French) Constitution française du 3 septembre 1791
The short-lived French Constitution of 1791 was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. One of the basic precepts of the revolution was adopting constitutionality and establishing popular sovereignty.
Contents
1 Drafting process
1.1 Early efforts
1.2 New Constitutional Committee
1.3 Committee of Revisions
1.4 Results
1.5 Evaluation
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Drafting process[edit]
Early efforts[edit]
The National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted on 27 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791.[1] The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty.[2]
A twelve-member Constitutional Committee was convened on 14 July 1789 (coincidentally the day of the Storming of the Bastille). Its task was to do much of the drafting of the articles of the constitution. It included originally two members from the First Estate (Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun); two from the Second (the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre and the marquis de Lally-Tollendal); and four from the Third (Jean Joseph Mounier, Abbé Sieyès, Nicholas Bergasse, and Isaac René Guy le Chapelier).
Many proposals for redefining the French state were floated, particularly in the days after the remarkable sessions of 4–5 August 1789 and the abolition of feudalism. For instance, the Marquis de Lafayette proposed a combination of the American and British systems, introducing a bicameral parliament, with the king having the suspensive veto power over the legislature, modeled to the authority then recently vested in the President of the United States.
The main controversies early on surrounded the issues of what level of power to be granted to the king of France (i.e.: veto, suspensive or absolute) and what form would the legislature take (i.e.: unicameral or bicameral). The Constitutional Committee proposed a bicameral legislature, but the motion was defeated 10 September 1789 (849–89) in favor of one house; the next day, they proposed an absolute veto, but were again defeated (673–325) in favor of a suspensive veto, which could be over-ridden by three consecutive legislatures.
New Constitutional Committee[edit]
A second Constitutional Committee quickly replaced it, and included Talleyrand, Abbé Sieyès, and Le Chapelier from the original group, as well as new members Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target, Jacques Guillaume Thouret, Jean-Nicolas Démeunier, François Denis Tronchet, and Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne, all of the Third Estate.
Their greatest controversy faced by this new committee surrounded the issue of citizenship. Would every subject of the French Crown be given equal rights, as the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen seemed to promise, or would there be some restrictions? The October Days (5–6 October) intervened and rendered the question much more complicated. In the end, a distinction was held between active citizens (over the age of 25, paid direct taxes equal to three days' labor) which had political rights, and passive citizens, who had only civil rights. This conclusion was intolerable to such radical deputies as Maximilien Robespierre, and thereafter they never could be reconciled to the Constitution of 1791.
Committee of Revisions[edit]
A second body, the Committee of Revisions, was struck September 1790, and included Antoine Barnave, Adrien Duport, and Charles de Lameth. Because the National Assembly was both a legislature and a constitutional convention, it was not always clear when its decrees were constitutional articles or mere statutes. It was the job of this committee to sort it out. The committee became very important in the days after the Champs de Mars Massacre, when a wave of revulsion against popular movements swept France and resulted in a renewed effort to preserve powers for the Crown. The result is the rise of the Feuillants, a new political faction led by Barnave, who used his position on the committee to preserve a number of powers for the Crown, such as the nomination of ambassadors, military leaders, and ministers.
Results[edit]
After very long negotiations, the constitution was reluctantly accepted by King Louis XVI in September 1791. Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the general will. It abolished many “institutions which were injurious to liberty and equality of rights”. The National Assembly asserted its legal presence in French government by establishing its permanence in the Constitution and forming a system for recurring elections. The Assembly's belief in a sovereign nation and in equal representation can be seen in the constitutional separation of powers. The National Assembly was the legislative body, the king and royal ministers made up the executive branch and the judiciary was independent of the other two branches. On a local level, the previous feudal geographic divisions were formally abolished, and the territory of the French state was divided into several administrative units, Departments (Départements), but with the principle of centralism.
Evaluation[edit]
The Assembly, as constitution-framers, were afraid that if only representatives governed France, it was likely to be ruled by the representatives' self-interest; therefore, the king was allowed a suspensive veto to balance out the interests of the people. By the same token, representative democracy weakened the king’s executive authority.
The constitution was not egalitarian by today's standards. It distinguished between the propertied active citizens and the poorer passive citizens. Women lacked rights to liberties such as education, freedom to speak, write, print and worship.
Keith M. Baker writes in his essay “Constitution” that the National Assembly threaded between two options when drafting the Constitution: they could modify the existing, unwritten constitution centered on the three estates of the Estates General or they could start over and rewrite it completely. The National Assembly wanted to reorganize social structure and legalize itself: while born of the Estates General of 1789, it had abolished the tricameral structure of that body.
With the onset of war and the threat of the revolution's collapse, radical Jacobin and ultimately republican conceptions grew enormously in popularity, increasing the influence of Robespierre, Danton, Marat and the Paris Commune. When the King used his veto powers to protect non-juring priests and refused to raise militias in defense of the revolutionary government, the constitutional monarchy proved unworkable and was effectively ended by the 10 August insurrection. A National Convention was called, electing Robespierre as its first deputy; it was the first assembly in France elected by universal male suffrage. The convention declared France a republic on 22 September 1792.[3]
See also[edit]
French Revolution
Kingdom of France (1791–92)
United States Constitution
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1791 Constitution
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Constitution of 1791
Jump up ^ Popiel, Jennifer; Carnes, Mark; Kates, Gary (2015). Rousseau, Burke, and Revolution in France, 1791 (Second ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-393-93888-3.
Jump up ^ Pertue, M. "Constitution de 1791," in Soboul, Ed., "Dictionnaire historique de la Revolution francaise," pp. 282–83. Quadrige/PUF, Paris: 2005.
External links[edit]
"Constitution de 1791". Conseil constitutionnel (in French). Retrieved 14 May 2012.
Constitution of 1791, University of California - Santa Cruz (in English) (partial only)
Constitution of 1791: complete text

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Women's March on Versailles (5 Oct 1789)
1790
Abolition of the Parlements (Feb–Jul 1790)
Abolition of the Nobility (19 Jun 1790)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 Jul 1790)
Fête de la Fédération (14 Jul 1790)
1791
Flight to Varennes (20–21 Jun 1791)
Champ de Mars Massacre (17 Jul 1791)
Declaration of Pillnitz (27 Aug 1791)
The Constitution of 1791 (3 Sep 1791)
Legislative Assembly (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1792
France declares war (20 Apr 1792)
Brunswick Manifesto (25 Jul 1792)
Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary (Jun 1792)
10th of August (10 Aug 1792)
September Massacres (Sep 1792)
National Convention (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
First republic declared (22 Sep 1792)
1793
Execution of Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793)
Revolutionary Tribunal (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
Reign of Terror (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
Committee of Public Safety
Committee of General Security
Fall of the Girondists (2 Jun 1793)
Assassination of Marat (13 Jul 1793)
Levée en masse (23 Aug 1793)
The Death of Marat (painting)
Law of Suspects (17 Sep 1793)
Marie Antoinette is guillotined (16 Oct 1793)
Anti-clerical laws (throughout the year)
1794
Danton and Desmoulins guillotined (5 Apr 1794)
Law of 22 Prairial (10 Jun 1794)
Thermidorian Reaction (27 Jul 1794)
Robespierre guillotined (28 Jul 1794)
White Terror (Fall 1794)
Closing of the Jacobin Club (11 Nov 1794)
1795
Constitution of the Year III (22 Aug 1795)
Conspiracy of the Equals (Nov 1795)
Directoire (1795–99)
Council of Five Hundred
Council of Ancients
13 Vendémiaire 5 Oct 1795
1797
Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 Sep 1797)
Second Congress of Rastatt (Dec 1797)
1799
Coup of 30 Prairial VII (18 Jun 1799)
Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799)
Constitution of the Year VIII (24 Dec 1799)
Consulate
show
Revolutionary campaigns
1792
Verdun
Thionville
Valmy
Royalist Revolts
Chouannerie
Vendée
Dauphiné
Lille
Siege of Mainz
Jemappes
Namur (fr)
1793
First Coalition
Siege of Toulon (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
War in the Vendée
Battle of Neerwinden)
Battle of Famars (23 May 1793)
Expédition de Sardaigne (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
Battle of Kaiserslautern
Siege of Mainz
Battle of Wattignies
Battle of Hondschoote
Siege of Bellegarde
Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
First Battle of Wissembourg (13 Oct 1793)
Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
Second Battle of Wissembourg (26–27 Dec 1793)
1794
Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies (24 Apr 1794)
Battle of Boulou (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
Battle of Tournay (22 May 1794)
Battle of Fleurus (26 Jun 1794)
Chouannerie
Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794)
Battle of Aldenhoven (2 Oct 1794)
1795
Peace of Basel
1796
Battle of Lonato (3–4 Aug 1796)
Battle of Castiglione (5 Aug 1796)
Battle of Theiningen
Battle of Neresheim (11 Aug 1796)
Battle of Amberg (24 Aug 1796)
Battle of Würzburg (3 Sep 1796)
Battle of Rovereto (4 Sep 1796)
First Battle of Bassano (8 Sep 1796)
Battle of Emmendingen (19 Oct 1796)
Battle of Schliengen (26 Oct 1796)
Second Battle of Bassano (6 Nov 1796)
Battle of Calliano (6–7 Nov 1796)
Battle of the Bridge of Arcole (15–17 Nov 1796)
The Ireland Expedition (Dec 1796)
1797
Naval Engagement off Brittany (13 Jan 1797)
Battle of Rivoli (14–15 Jan 1797)
Battle of the Bay of Cádiz (25 Jan 1797)
Treaty of Leoben (17 Apr 1797)
Battle of Neuwied (18 Apr 1797)
Treaty of Campo Formio (17 Oct 1797)
1798
French invasion of Switzerland (28 January – 17 May 1798)
French Invasion of Egypt (1798–1801)
Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
Quasi-War (1798–1800)
Peasants' War (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
1799
Second Coalition (1798–1802)
Siege of Acre (20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
Battle of Ostrach (20–21 Mar 1799)
Battle of Stockach (25 Mar 1799)
Battle of Magnano (5 Apr 1799)
Battle of Cassano (27 Apr 1799)
First Battle of Zurich (4–7 Jun 1799)
Battle of Trebbia (19 Jun 1799)
Battle of Novi (15 Aug 1799)
Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 Sep 1799)
1800
Battle of Marengo (14 Jun 1800)
Battle of Hohenlinden (3 Dec 1800)
League of Armed Neutrality (1800–02)
1801
Treaty of Lunéville (9 Feb 1801)
Treaty of Florence (18 Mar 1801)
Algeciras Campaign (8 Jul 1801)
1802
Treaty of Amiens (25 Mar 1802)
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Military leaders
French Army
Eustache Charles d'Aoust
Pierre Augereau
Alexandre de Beauharnais
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
Louis-Alexandre Berthier
Jean-Baptiste Bessières
Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune
Jean François Carteaux
Jean Étienne Championnet
Chapuis de Tourville
Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
Louis-Nicolas Davout
Louis Desaix
Jacques François Dugommier
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
Charles François Dumouriez
Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
Louis-Charles de Flers
Paul Grenier
Emmanuel de Grouchy
Jacques Maurice Hatry
Lazare Hoche
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
François Christophe de Kellermann
Jean-Baptiste Kléber
Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
Jean Lannes
Charles Leclerc
Claude Lecourbe
François Joseph Lefebvre
Jacques MacDonald
Jean-Antoine Marbot
Jean Baptiste de Marbot
François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers
Auguste de Marmont
André Masséna
Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
Jean Victor Marie Moreau
Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise
Joachim Murat
Michel Ney
Pierre-Jacques Osten (fr)
Nicolas Oudinot
Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
Jean-Charles Pichegru
Józef Poniatowski
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
Joseph Souham
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Louis-Gabriel Suchet
Belgrand de Vaubois
Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
French Navy
Charles-Alexandre Linois
Opposition
Austria
József Alvinczi
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Count of Clerfayt (Walloon)
Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (Swiss)
Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
Pál Kray (Hungarian)
Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (French)
Maximilian Baillet de Latour (Walloon)
Karl Mack von Leiberich
Rudolf Ritter von Otto (Saxon)
Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (Hungarian)
Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
Dagobert von Wurmser
Britain
Sir Ralph Abercromby
Admiral Sir James Saumarez
Admiral Sir Edward Pellew
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
Dutch Republic
William V, Prince of Orange
Prussia
Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Russia
Alexander Korsakov
Alexander Suvorov
Spain
Luis Firmin de Carvajal
Antonio Ricardos
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Other significant figures and factions
Society of 1789
Jean Sylvain Bailly
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
Nicolas de Condorcet
Feuillants
and monarchiens
Madame de Lamballe
Madame du Barry
Louis de Breteuil
Loménie de Brienne
Charles Alexandre de Calonne
de Chateaubriand
Jean Chouan
Grace Elliott
Arnaud de La Porte
Jean-Sifrein Maury
Jacques Necker
François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
Antoine Barnave
Lafayette
Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
Charles Malo François Lameth
André Chénier
Jean-François Rewbell
Camille Jordan
Madame de Staël
Boissy d'Anglas
Jean-Charles Pichegru
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
Girondists
Jacques Pierre Brissot
Roland de La Platière
Madame Roland
Father Henri Grégoire
Étienne Clavière
Marquis de Condorcet
Charlotte Corday
Marie Jean Hérault
Jean Baptiste Treilhard
Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
Jean Debry
Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
Olympe de Gouges
Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
The Plain
Abbé Sieyès
de Cambacérès
Charles François Lebrun
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
Philippe Égalité
Louis Philippe I
Mirabeau
Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
Jean Joseph Mounier
Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
François de Neufchâteau
Montagnards
Maximilien Robespierre
Georges Danton
Jean-Paul Marat
Camille Desmoulins
Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
Louis Philippe I
Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
Jacques-Louis David
Marquis de Sade
Georges Couthon
Roger Ducos
Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
Jean-Henri Voulland
Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
Jean-Pierre-André Amar
Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
Prieur de la Marne
Gilbert Romme
Jean Bon Saint-André
Jean-Lambert Tallien
Pierre Louis Prieur
Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
Antoine Christophe Saliceti
Hébertists
and Enragés
Jacques Hébert
Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
Charles-Philippe Ronsin
Antoine-François Momoro
François-Nicolas Vincent
François Chabot
Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
François Hanriot
Jacques Roux
Stanislas-Marie Maillard
Charles-Philippe Ronsin
Jean-François Varlet
Theophile Leclerc
Claire Lacombe
Pauline Léon
Gracchus Babeuf
Sylvain Maréchal
Others
Charles X
Louis XVI
Louis XVII
Louis XVIII
Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
Marie Antoinette
Napoléon Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Fesch
Joséphine de Beauharnais
Joachim Murat
Jean Sylvain Bailly
Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
Talleyrand
Thérésa Tallien
Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
Catherine Théot
List of people associated with the French Revolution
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Influential thinkers
Les Lumières
Beaumarchais
Edmund Burke
Anacharsis Cloots
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
Pierre Claude François Daunou
Diderot
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
Antoine Lavoisier
Montesquieu
Thomas Paine
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Abbé Sieyès
Voltaire
Mary Wollstonecraft
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Cultural impact
La Marseillaise
French Tricolour
Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Marianne
Bastille Day
Panthéon
French Republican Calendar
Cult of the Supreme Being
Cult of Reason
Temple of Reason
Sans-culottes
Metric system
Phrygian cap
Women in the French Revolution
Symbolism in the French Revolution
Historiography of the French Revolution
Influence of the French Revolution
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v
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Constitutions of France
1791
1793 (Year I)
1795 (Year III)
1799 (Year VIII)
1802 (Year X)
1804 (Year XII)
1814
1815
1830
1848
1852
1875
1940
1945
1946
1958 (Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ∙ Charter for the Environment)
Proposed: Girondin constitutional project (1793)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb16683749p (data)
GND: 4155189-8
LCCN: n85160664
SUDOC: 028218981
VIAF: 185919507
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Constitution_of_1791&oldid=835457045"
Categories:
1791 in law
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