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List of Southwest Airlines destinations
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As of June 2018[update], Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 99 destinations[1] in 40 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, the newest being Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands on November 5, 2017. The airline has 15 focus cities and operates over 4,000 flights each day.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Destinations
1.1 AirTran cities acquired by Southwest
1.2 International service
1.3 Hawaii service
1.4 Chart
2 References
3 External links
Destinations[edit]
Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system. It has large operations in certain airports. An average of 80 percent of Southwest passengers are local passengers— only 20 percent of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is higher than most airlines, where many passengers connect in hub cities. However, at Southwest's focus cities, the percentage of connecting passengers can reach 30 percent.[3] Recent numbers indicate that the number of connecting passengers is steadily rising.[4]
As part of its effort to control costs, Southwest sometimes uses secondary airports in cities with high costs. Secondary airports have lower costs and may be more convenient to travelers than major airports. Some examples include:
Chicago, Illinois: Southwest uses Midway International Airport instead of O'Hare International Airport.
Dallas, Texas: Southwest uses Dallas Love Field instead of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Houston, Texas: Southwest uses William P. Hobby Airport instead of George Bush Intercontinental Airport.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Southwest uses Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport instead of Miami International Airport.
New York City, New York: Southwest uses Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Long Island MacArthur Airport airports instead of John F. Kennedy International Airport.
AirTran cities acquired by Southwest[edit]
Through Southwest's acquisition of AirTran Airways, Southwest opened a focus city in Atlanta and acquired additional slots at Washington–National and New York–LaGuardia. In addition, Southwest added service to the following destinations.[5]
Aruba
Atlanta, Georgia
Cancún, Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Des Moines, Iowa
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Memphis, Tennessee
Mexico City, Mexico
Montego Bay, Jamaica
Nassau, Bahamas
Pensacola, Florida
Portland, Maine
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
Richmond, Virginia
Rochester, New York
San José del Cabo, Mexico
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Wichita, Kansas
International service[edit]
Southwest began planning international service when it acquired AirTran, which already served international destinations. Southwest's first approach to international service came on April 19, 2012 when it signed a contract with the Amadeus IT Group to launch an international reservation system. This agreement gave the airline the capability to begin flying to destinations outside of the United States.[6]
Southwest debuted the international reservation system on January 27, 2014 when its first international flights went on sale. This was followed by the first international flights which began on July 1, 2014 to Aruba (AUA), Montego Bay, Jamaica (MBJ) and Nassau, Bahamas (NAS).
Southwest built a 5 gate international terminal at William P. Hobby Airport that opened in 2015. Southwest also built a 5 gate international terminal in Fort Lauderdale that opened in 2017.[7]
Hawaii service[edit]
On October 11, 2017, Southwest announced they would add service to Hawaii beginning in 2018, pending government approval. The airline announced that the flights to Hawaii will be operated from four California cities: Oakland, San Diego, San Jose, and Sacramento, utilizing their Boeing 737-800 and 737 MAX 8 aircraft. As announced Southwest Airlines will begin service to the following destinations: Honolulu (Daniel K. Inouye International Airport), Kahului (Kahului Airport), Kailua-Kona (Kona International Airport), Lihue (Lihue Airport).[8]
Chart[edit]
As of June 2018[update], this is a list of destinations that Southwest Airlines serves. As of January 2018 Southwest Airlines has announced that LAX will be the next operating base, which will go into effect late in the year.[9]
Operating Base
Focus city
Future destination
Terminated destination
Country (State/Province)
City
Airport
City Count
Begin
End
Refs
Aruba Oranjestad Queen Beatrix International Airport 85 2014 Present
Bahamas Nassau Lynden Pindling International Airport 86 2014 Present
Belize Belize City Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport 93 2015 Present
Cayman Islands George Town Owen Roberts International Airport 97 2017 Present [10]
Costa Rica Liberia Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport 94 2015 Present
Costa Rica San José Juan Santamaría International Airport 91 2015 Present
Cuba Havana José Martí International Airport 96 2016 Present
Cuba Santa Clara Abel Santamaría Airport — 2016 2017 [11]
Cuba Varadero Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport — 2016 2017 [11]
Dominican Republic Punta Cana Punta Cana International Airport 89 2014 Present
Jamaica Montego Bay Sangster International Airport 84 2014 Present
Mexico (Baja California Sur) San José del Cabo Los Cabos International Airport 88 2014 Present
Mexico (Federal District) Mexico City Mexico City International Airport 90 2014 Present
Mexico (Jalisco) Puerto Vallarta Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport 92 2015 Present
Mexico (Quintana Roo) Cancún Cancún International Airport 87 2014 Present
Turks and Caicos Islands Providenciales Providenciales International Airport 99 2017 Present [12]
United States (Alabama) Birmingham Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport 25 1987 Present
United States (Arizona) Phoenix Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport 16 1982 Present
United States (Arizona) Tucson Tucson International Airport 43 1994 Present
United States (Arkansas) Little Rock Little Rock National Airport 20 1984 Present
United States (California) Burbank Hollywood Burbank Airport 29 1990 Present
United States (California) Long Beach Long Beach Airport 95 2016 Present
United States (California) Los Angeles Los Angeles International Airport 19 1982 Present
United States (California) Oakland Oakland International Airport 28 1989 Present
United States (California) Ontario Ontario International Airport 23 1985 Present
United States (California) Orange County John Wayne Airport 37 1994 Present
United States (California) Sacramento Sacramento International Airport 31 1991 Present
United States (California) San Diego San Diego International Airport 17 1982 Present
United States (California) San Francisco San Francisco International Airport 63 1982, 2007 2001, Present
United States (California) San José San Jose International Airport 35 1993 Present
United States (Colorado) Denver Denver International Airport 61 2006 Present
United States (Colorado) Denver Stapleton International Airport — 1983 1986 [13]
United States (Connecticut) Hartford Bradley International Airport 53 1999 Present
United States (Florida) Fort Lauderdale Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport 45 1996 Present
United States (Florida) Fort Myers Southwest Florida International Airport 60 2005 Present
United States (Florida) Jacksonville Jacksonville International Airport 49 1997 Present
United States (Florida) Key West Key West International Airport — 2012 2014 [14]
United States (Florida) Orlando Orlando International Airport 47 1996 Present
United States (Florida) Palm Beach Palm Beach International Airport 56 2001 Present
United States (Florida) Panama City Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport 68 2010 Present
United States (Florida) Pensacola Pensacola International Airport 82 2013 Present
United States (Florida) Tampa Tampa International Airport 46 1996 Present
United States (Georgia) Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport 72 2012 Present
United States (Hawaii) Honolulu Daniel K. Inouye International Airport — 2018 Future [15]
United States (Hawaii) Kahului Kahului Airport — 2018 Future [16]
United States (Hawaii) Kailua-Kona Kona International Airport — 2018 Future [17]
United States (Hawaii) Lihue Lihue Airport — 2018 Future [18]
United States (Idaho) Boise Boise Airport 41 1994 Present
United States (Illinois) Chicago Chicago Midway International Airport 21 1985 Present
United States (Indiana) Indianapolis Indianapolis International Airport 27 1989 Present
United States (Iowa) Des Moines Des Moines International Airport 74 2012 Present
United States (Kansas) Wichita Wichita Eisenhower National Airport 79 2013 Present
United States (Kentucky) Covington/Cincinnati Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport 98 2017 Present [19]
United States (Kentucky) Louisville Louisville International Airport 34 1993 Present
United States (Louisiana) New Orleans Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport 11 1979 Present
United States (Maine) Portland Portland International Jetport 78 2013 Present
United States (Maryland) Baltimore/Washington, D.C. Baltimore-Washington International Airport 36 1993 Present
United States (Massachusetts) Boston Logan International Airport 66 2009 Present
United States (Michigan) Detroit Coleman A. Young International Airport — 1988 1993 [13]
United States (Michigan) Detroit Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport 26 1987 Present
United States (Michigan) Flint Bishop International Airport — 2013 2018 [20]
United States (Michigan) Grand Rapids Gerald R. Ford International Airport 80 2013 Present
United States (Minnesota) Minneapolis/St. Paul Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport 64 2009 Present
United States (Mississippi) Jackson Jackson International Airport — 1997 2014 [14]
United States (Missouri) Branson Branson Airport — 2013 2014 [14]
United States (Missouri) Kansas City Kansas City International Airport 18 1982 Present
United States (Missouri) St. Louis Lambert-Saint Louis International Airport 22 1985 Present
United States (Nebraska) Omaha Eppley Airfield 44 1995 Present
United States (Nevada) Las Vegas McCarran International Airport 15 1982 Present
United States (Nevada) Reno/Tahoe Reno-Tahoe International Airport 30 1990 Present
United States (New Hampshire) Manchester Manchester-Boston Regional Airport 50 1998 Present
United States (New Jersey) Newark Newark Liberty International Airport 71 2011 Present
United States (New Mexico) Albuquerque Albuquerque International Sunport 14 1980 Present
United States (New York) Albany Albany International Airport 54 2000 Present
United States (New York) Buffalo Buffalo Niagara International Airport 55 2000 Present
United States (New York) Long Island/Islip Long Island MacArthur Airport 51 1999 Present
United States (New York) New York City LaGuardia Airport 65 2009 Present
United States (New York) Rochester Greater Rochester International Airport 77 2013 Present
United States (North Carolina) Charlotte Charlotte/Douglas International Airport 75 2013 Present
United States (North Carolina) Raleigh-Durham Raleigh-Durham International Airport 52 1999 Present
United States (Ohio) Akron/Canton Akron-Canton Regional Airport — 2012 2017
United States (Ohio) Cleveland Cleveland Hopkins International Airport 32 1992 Present
United States (Ohio) Columbus John Glenn Columbus International Airport 33 1992 Present
United States (Ohio) Dayton Dayton International Airport — 2012 2017
United States (Oklahoma) Oklahoma City Will Rogers World Airport 12 1980 Present
United States (Oklahoma) Tulsa Tulsa International Airport 13 1980 Present
United States (Oregon) Portland Portland International Airport 38 1994 Present
United States (Pennsylvania) Philadelphia Philadelphia International Airport 58 2004 Present
United States (Pennsylvania) Pittsburgh Pittsburgh International Airport 59 2005 Present
United States (Puerto Rico) San Juan Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport 76 2013 Present
United States (Rhode Island) Providence T. F. Green Airport 48 1996 Present
United States (South Carolina) Charleston Charleston International Airport 70 2011 Present
United States (South Carolina) Greenville/Spartanburg Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport 69 2011 Present
United States (Tennessee) Memphis Memphis International Airport 81 2013 Present
United States (Tennessee) Nashville Nashville International Airport 24 1986 Present
United States (Texas) Amarillo Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport 10 1978 Present
United States (Texas) Austin Austin-Bergstrom International Airport 9 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Beaumont/Port Arthur Jack Brooks Regional Airport — 1979 1980 [13]
United States (Texas) Corpus Christi Corpus Christi International Airport 5 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Dallas Dallas Love Field 1 1971 Present
United States (Texas) El Paso El Paso International Airport 8 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Harlingen/South Padre Island Valley International Airport 4 1975 Present
United States (Texas) Houston William P. Hobby Airport 3 1971 Present
United States (Texas) Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport — 1971, 1980 1972, 2005 [13]
United States (Texas) Lubbock Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport 6 1977 Present
United States (Texas) Midland/Odessa Midland International Airport 7 1977 Present
United States (Texas) San Antonio San Antonio International Airport 2 1971 Present
United States (Utah) Salt Lake City Salt Lake City International Airport 42 1994 Present
United States (Virginia) Norfolk Norfolk International Airport 57 2001 Present
United States (Virginia) Richmond Richmond International Airport 83 2013 Present
United States (Virginia) Washington, D.C./Arlington Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport 73 2012 Present
United States (Virginia) Dulles Washington Dulles International Airport 62 2006 Present
United States (Washington) Everett Paine Field — 2018 Future [21]
United States (Washington) Seattle/Tacoma Seattle–Tacoma International Airport 39 1994 Present
United States (Washington) Spokane Spokane International Airport 40 1994 Present
United States (Wisconsin) Milwaukee General Mitchell International Airport 67 2009 Present
United States (Wyoming) Jackson Hole Jackson Hole Airport — 1985 1986
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.southwest.com/flight/routemap_dyn.html
Jump up ^ "Southwest Corporate Fact Sheet - Corporate Fact Sheet - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Sickler. "Chapter 7: Flight Arrival Flow: Southwest vs. Legacy Carriers". Archived from the original on May 19, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Maxon, Terry. "Factoids from Southwest Airlines' annual report". Dallas News. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Southwest Airlines (January 20, 2012). "Southwest Airlines and AirTran Airways Confirm Plans to Maintain AirTran Airways Operations at 22 Domestic and International Airports - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". Southwest Airlines. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Southwest Airlines Newsroom: Releases". Swamedia.com. April 19, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport overhauls terminal to add international travel". Sun Sentinel.
Jump up ^ http://wnep.com/2017/10/14/southwest-airlines-to-start-flying-to-hawaii/
Jump up ^ "When Did We Arrive? - City Start-up Dates - Southwest Airlines Newsroom".
Jump up ^ https://www.southwestaircommunity.com/t5/Southwest-Stories/Summer-is-Here-Summer-2017-Schedule-is-now-Published/ba-p/50394
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article158696934.html
Jump up ^ https://www.swamedia.com/pages/when-did-we-arrive
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Openings/Closings - By Category - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Southwest Airlines To Cease Operations In Three Cities - Southwest Airlines Newsroom". swamedia.com.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Segal, Dave (October 11, 2017). "Southwest Airlines makes it official: Hawaii service on the way". Star-Advertiser. Honolulu. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jason Williams (January 4, 2017). "Long-time coming: Southwest lands in Cincinnati". cincinnati.com.
Jump up ^ "Southwest Airlines pulls plug on flights from Flint". Retrieved 2 November 2017.
Jump up ^ https://myeverettnews.com/2018/01/25/southwest-airlines-announces-plans-to-fly-from-paine-field-everett-this-fall/
External links[edit]
Southwest Airlines Route Map
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Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co.
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2018 NRL Grand Final
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
2018 (2018) NRL Grand Final ()
2018 NRL Grand Final logo

Sydney
Roosters

Melbourne
Storm
21 6
1
2
Total
SYD 18 3 21
MEL 0 6 6
Date
30 September 2018
Stadium
ANZ Stadium
Location
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Clive Churchill Medal
Luke Keary
Australian National anthem
Samantha Jade
Referees
Gerard Sutton
Ashley Klein
Brett Suttor (Touch Judge)
Nick Beashel (Touch Judge)
Attendance
82,688
Broadcast partners
Broadcasters
Nine Network (Live)
Fox League (Delayed)
Commentators
Ray Warren
Phil Gould
Peter Sterling
Andrew Johns
Brad Fittler (Sideline)
Darren Lockyer (Sideline)
NRL Grand Final
← 2017
2019 →
The 2018 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2018 National Rugby League season and was played on Sunday September 30 at Sydney's ANZ Stadium.[1] The match was contested between minor premiers the Sydney Roosters and defending premiers the Melbourne Storm. In front of a crowd of 82,688, Sydney won the match 21–6 to claim their 14th premiership title and their first since 2013. Roosters five-eighth Luke Keary was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal as the game's official man of the match.
The match was preceded by the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final and the 2018 NRL State Championship. Pre-match entertainment was headlined Sydney alternative rock band Gang of Youths.[2] Australian singer Samantha Jade performed the Australian National anthem. The match was broadcast live throughout Australia by the Nine Network.
Contents
1 Background
2 Teams
3 Match summary
4 Opening games
4.1 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final
4.2 NRL State Championship
5 Aftermath
6 See also
7 References
Background[edit]
See also: 2018 NRL Finals Series
It was the first time the Melbourne Storm and the Sydney Roosters contested for an NRL premiership, with both teams having made the most grand final appearances since the beginning of the NRL era in 1998. Only on five occasions since 1998 has there been a grand final that did not feature either club. Both sides have also claimed every minor premiership since 2013, with the Roosters finishing first in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2018, and the Storm doing the same in 2016 and 2017. The Roosters qualified for their first grand final since they won the premiership in 2013. The club had reached the preliminary finals in 2014, 2015, and 2017, yet were denied a grand final berth on each occasion when they were defeated by the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys, respectively. The Storm qualified for their third-straight grand final, replicating the milestone they achieved in 2006, 2007 and 2008. They are the first NRL side to make three consecutive grand finals on more than one occasion. It was Trent Robinson's second grand final in his sixth year coaching the Roosters, while Craig Bellamy equalled Wayne Bennett in reaching eight grand finals as a first grade coach.
The Roosters and Storm finished first and second on the premiership ladder respectively, making up a top four in which all teams (together with the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks) finished on 34 points. The sides faced each other only once during the regular season, with the Storm edging out a 9–8 victory over the Roosters at Adelaide Oval courtesy of a Cameron Smith field goal. Having a double home game advantage, both teams defeated the third-placed Rabbitohs and fourth-placed Sharks to earn a week off from the semi finals and a place into the grand final. The Roosters, playing at Allianz Stadium, defeated the Sharks 21–12 in the second qualifying final. In the preliminary final, they defeated the Rabbitohs 12–4 in front of a record crowd of 44,380 in the last ever NRL game held at Allianz Stadium before its scheduled knock-down and rebuild. The Storm, playing at AAMI Park, narrowly defeated the Rabbitohs 29–28 in the first qualifying final, before beating their 2016 grand final opponents the Sharks 22–6 to join the Roosters in the premiership decider. Sydney and Melbourne last played each other in the finals in 2015, where the fourth-placed Storm defeated the minor-premiership winning Roosters 20–18 in the first week of the finals.
Teams[edit]
Sydney
Roosters
Position
Melbourne
Storm
James Tedesco Fullback Billy Slater
Daniel Tupou Wing Suliasi Vunivalu
Latrell Mitchell Centre Will Chambers
Joseph Manu Centre Curtis Scott
Blake Ferguson Wing Josh Addo-Carr
Luke Keary Five-eighth Cameron Munster
Cooper Cronk Halfback Brodie Croft
Jared Waerea-Hargreaves Prop Jesse Bromwich
Jake Friend (c) Hooker Cameron Smith (c)
Sio Siua Taukeiaho Prop Tim Glasby
Boyd Cordner (c) 2nd Row Felise Kaufusi
Mitchell Aubusson 2nd Row Joe Stimson
Victor Radley Lock Dale Finucane
Isaac Liu Interchange Kenny Bromwich
Dylan Napa Interchange Christian Welch
Zane Tetevano Interchange Brandon Smith
Ryan Matterson Interchange Nelson Asofa-Solomona
Trent Robinson Coach Craig Bellamy
The grand final would be Billy Slater's final game before his retirement after playing 319 first grade games in the NRL, becoming the 16th player to finish their career playing over 300 games at one club. Melbourne captain Cameron Smith surpassed Darren Lockyer in becoming the most capped finals player in the NRL, with 36 appearances. Brodie Croft, Joe Stimson, Christian Welch, and Brandon Smith were the only new additions to the Storm's grand final winning squad from the previous year. Roosters halfback Cooper Cronk played in his eighth grand final, after playing all seven previous grand finals for the Storm; he equalled Steve Menzies in becoming the fourth most-capped NRL player in history; he also became the first player to win back-to-back premierships with different clubs since Johnny Mayes accomplished the feat in 1973 with Manly-Warringah then 1974 with Eastern Suburbs. Daniel Tupou, Jared Waerea-Hargreaves, Jake Friend, Boyd Cordner, and Mitchell Aubusson were the last remaining members from their 2013 premiership winning squad, while Frank-Paul Nu'uausala wasn't selected to play. Luke Keary was the only other Roosters player to have experienced premiership success, having played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in their victorious 2014 Grand Final.
Match summary[edit]
Sunday, 30 September
7:35pm (AEST)
Sydney Roosters
21 – 6
Melbourne Storm
Tries:
Daniel Tupou (8') 1
Latrell Mitchell (15') 1
Joseph Manu (37') 1
Goals:
Latrell Mitchell 4/6
(4' pen, 16', 31' pen, 79' pen)
Field Goals:
Luke Keary (69') 1 1st: 18 – 0
2nd: 3 – 6 Tries:
1 (63') Josh Addo-Carr
Goals:
1/1 Cameron Smith
(64')
Sin Bin:
(30', 78') Cameron Munster
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
Attendance: 82,688
Referee: Gerard Sutton, Ashley Klein
Clive Churchill Medal: Luke Keary
Opening games[edit]
NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final[edit]
See also: 2018 NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final
Sunday, 30 September
1:35pm (AEST)
Brisbane Broncos Women's
34 – 12
Sydney Roosters Women's
Tries:
Kimiora Nati (6', 18' pen, 46') 3
Heather Ballinger (14') 1
Ngatokotoru Arakua (25') 1
Lavinia Gould (29') 1
Goals:
Chelsea Baker 5/6
(7', 16', 19', 26', 48') 1st: 28 – 6
2nd: 6 – 6 Tries:
1 (11') Tazmin Grey
1 (44') Lavina O'Mealey
Goals:
2/3 Zahara Temara
(5' pen, 45')
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
Referee: Jon Stone, Kasey Badger
Karyn Murphy Medal: Kimiora Nati
Team lists: show
FB 1 Chelsea Baker
WG 2 Julia Robinson
CE 3 Meg Ward
CE 4 Amber Pilley
WG 5 Amelia Kuk
FE 6 Kimiora Nati
HB 7 Ali Brigginshaw (c)
PR 8 Heather Ballinger
HK 9 Brittany Breayley
PR 15 Chelsea Lenarduzzi
SR 11 Teuila Fotu-Moala
SR 12 Maitua Feterika
LK 13 Rona Peters
Substitutes:
IC 10 Steph Hancock
IC 14 Lavinia Gould
IC 16 Mariah Storch
IC 17 Ngatokotoru Arakua
Coach:
Paul Dyer
FB 1 Karina Brown
WG 2 Brydie Parker
CE 3 Shontelle Stowers
CE 4 Isabelle Kelly
WG 5 Taleena Simon
FE 6 Lavina O'Mealey
HB 7 Zahara Temara
PR 8 Ruan Sims (c)
HK 9 Nita Maynard
PR 10 Elianna Walton
SR 11 Tazmin Grey
SR 12 Vanessa Foliaki
LK 13 Simaima Taufa (c)
Substitutes:
IC 14 Kylie Hilder
IC 15 Sarah Togatuki
IC 16 Victoria Latu
IC 17 Kandy Kennedy
Coach:
Adam Hartigan
NRL State Championship[edit]
See also: 2018 NRL State Championship, 2018 Intrust Super Premiership NSW, and 2018 Queensland Cup
Sunday, 30 September
3:40pm (AEST)
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
42 – 18
Redcliffe Dolphins
Tries:
Josh Cleeland (36', 38') 2
Rhyse Martin (6') 1
Chris Smith (47') 1
Renouf To'omaga (52') 1
Jayden Okunbor (72') 1
Fa'amanu Brown (77') 1
Goals:
Rhyse Martin 5/6
(8', 37', 48', 54', 58' pen)
Greg Eastwood 1/1
(74')
Josh Cleeland 1/1
(78') 1st: 16 – 6
2nd: 26 – 12 Tries:
2 (30', 60') Kotoni Staggs
1 (74') James Taylor
Goals:
2/2 Bryce Donovan
(61', 75')
1/1 Kotoni Staggs
(31')
ANZ Stadium, Sydney
Referee: Adam Cassidy, Liam Kennedy
Team lists: show
FB 1 Mason Cerruto
WG 2 Josh Bergamin
CE 3 Morgan Harper
CE 4 John Olive
WG 5 Jayden Okunbor
FE 6 Josh Cleeland
HB 7 Fa'amanu Brown
PR 8 Renouf To'omaga
HK 9 Zac Woolford
PR 10 Francis Tualau
SR 11 Ofahiki Ogden
SR 12 Rhyse Martin (c)
LK 13 Greg Eastwood
Substitutes:
IC 14 Bronson Garlick
IC 14 Lachlan Burr
IC 16 Jack Nelson
IC 17 Chris Smith
Coach:
Steve Georgallis
FB 1 Trai Fuller
WG 2 Josh Beehag
CE 3 Kotoni Staggs
CE 4 Tom Opacic
WG 5 Jeremy Hawkins
FE 6 Bryce Donovan
HB 7 Cameron Cullen (c)
PR 16 Nathan Watts
HK 9 Jake Turpin
PR 10 Sam Anderson
SR 14 Miles Taueli
SR 11 Toby Rudolph
LK 13 Jamil Hopoate
Substitutes:
IC 8 Nick Slyney
IC 12 Aaron Whitchurch
IC 15 James Taylor
IC 17 Hugh Pratt
Coach:
Adam Mogg
Aftermath[edit]
See also: 2019 World Club Challenge
See also[edit]
NRL Premiership winners
2018 NRL Finals Series
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "2017 Telstra Premiership draw launched". Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gang of Youths to Play NRL Grand Final". NRL.com. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
show
v
t
e
Sydney Roosters squad – 2018 NRL Premiers (14th title)
1. James Tedesco
2. Daniel Tupou
3. Latrell Mitchell
4. Joseph Manu
5. Blake Ferguson
6. Luke Keary
23. Cooper Cronk
8. Jared Waerea-Hargreaves
9. Jake Friend (c)
10. Sio Siua Taukeiaho
11. Boyd Cordner (c)
7. Mitchell Aubusson
13. Victor Radley
12. Isaac Liu
14. Dylan Napa
15. Zane Tetevano
17. Ryan Matterson
Coach: Trent Robinson
show
v
t
e
2018 in rugby league
« 2017
2019 »
International Rugby League
Competitions
World Club Series
Pacific Tests
Emerging Nations World Championship
New Zealand in Great Britain
Nines Commonwealth Championship
European Championship
European Championship B
European Championship C
Americas Rugby League Championship
South Americas Cup
Related articles
International rugby league in 2018
RLIF Awards
Rugby League World Golden Boot Award
Rugby Football League
Competitions
Super League
Results
The Qualifiers
Grand Final
RFL Championship
Results
League 1
Results
Challenge Cup
Women's Super League
Women's Challenge Cup
Teams
Castleford Tigers
Catalans Dragons
Huddersfield Giants
Hull FC
Hull KR
Leeds Rhinos
Salford Red Devils
St Helens
Wakefield Wildcats
Warrington Wolves
Widnes Vikings
Wigan Warriors
Other
Bradford Bulls
London Broncos
Toronto Wolfpack
Related articles
Man of Steel Awards
Woman of Steel
Australian Rugby League
Commission
Competitions
NRL season
Results
Finals Series
Grand Final
State of Origin
Women's State of Origin
NRL Women's
Results
Grand Final
NRL Touch
State Championship
Queensland Cup
Intrust Super Premiership NSW
Finals
Ron Massey Cup
Jersey Flegg Cup
Hastings Deering Colts
By club
Brisbane Broncos
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
Canberra Raiders
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
Gold Coast Titans
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles
Melbourne Storm
Newcastle Knights
New Zealand Warriors
North Queensland Cowboys
Parramatta Eels
Penrith Panthers
South Sydney Rabbitohs
Sydney Roosters
St. George Illawarra Dragons
Wests Tigers
Related articles
Townsville Blackhawks
Dally M Awards
Other Domestic competitions
New Zealand
France
Papua New Guinea
United States
Spain
show
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NRL Grand Finals
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text:
List of Australian Open men's singles champions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Australian Open Men's Singles Champions
Location
Melbourne
Australia
Venue
Melbourne Park
Governing body
Tennis Australia
Created
1905 (established)
Editions
Tournaments staged: (106 editions)
Open Era: 1969 (50 editions)
Surface
Grass (1905–1987)
Rebound Ace (1988–2007)
Plexicushion
(2008–present)
Prize money
A$ 2,300,000 (2012)[1]
Trophy
Norman Brookes Challenge Cup
Website
www.australianopen.com/en_AU/event_guide/history/men_s_singles.html
Most titles
Amateur era
6: Roy Emerson
Open era
6: Novak Djokovic
6: Roger Federer
Most consecutive titles
Amateur era
5: Roy Emerson
Open era
3: Novak Djokovic
Current champion
Roger Federer
(sixth title)
The Australian Open[a][b] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1905 and played on outdoor hardcourts[c][d] at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia.[2] The Australian Open is played over a two-week period beginning in mid-January and has been chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tournaments each year since 1987. The event was not held from 1916 to 1918 because of World War I, from 1941 to 1945 because of World War II and in 1986.[3][4] The timing of the Australian Open has changed several times. In 1977, the date of the final moved from January to December, which resulted in having two Australian Opens in 1977; there was a January edition and a December edition that year.[5] The originally planned December 1986 edition was moved forward to January 1987, resulting in no Australian Open in 1986.[6][7] The Australian Open was an Open Era event for the first time in 1969. One year previously in 1968 the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open were Open Era events for the first time.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Champions
2.1 Australasian Championships
2.2 Australian Championships
2.3 Australian Open
3 Statistics
3.1 Multiple champions
3.2 Champions by country
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Christchurch and Hastings, New Zealand, and Perth, Brisbane, Adelaide, Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, have hosted the men's singles event. The event switched cities every year before it settled in 1972 in Melbourne. The event was held at the Kooyong Stadium before moving to Melbourne Park in 1988.[3]
The Australian Open court surface changed once, from grass courts to hardcourts in 1988.[3][8][9] Mats Wilander was the only tennis player to win the event on grass and on Rebound Ace surfaces; he won twice on grass and once on the Rebound Ace. Roger Federer is the only player to have won on both the Rebound Ace and Plexicushion surfaces.[10]
The men's singles rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. This event has always been contested in a knockout format, and all matches have been best-of-five sets except in 1970, 1973, and 1974, when the first round was best-of-three sets, and in 1982, when the third and fourth round were best-of-three sets.[2] Since 1905, all sets have been decided in the advantage format. The lingering death best-of-twelve points tie-break was introduced in 1971 and has been used for the first four sets since then, except from 1980 to 1982, when the tie-break was also played in fifth sets.[2][11]
The champion receives a miniature replica of the silver-gilt Norman Brookes Challenge Cup, named after the 1911 champion and former Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA) president, and modeled after the Warwick Vase.[12] In 2010, the winner received prize money of A$2,100,000.[13]
In the Australasian Championships, James Anderson holds the records for most titles with three (1922, 1924–1925), and the most consecutive titles with two (1924–1925). In the Australian Championships, Roy Emerson holds the records for most titles with six (1961, 1963–1967) and most consecutive titles with five (1963–1967).[4] The inclusion of professional tennis players in 1969 marked the competition's entry into the Open Era, in which Novak Djokovic (2008, 2011–2013, 2015–2016) and Roger Federer (2004, 2006–2007, 2010, 2017–2018) hold the record for most titles with six. The Open Era record for most consecutive titles is three by Djokovic (2011–2013).[4] This event was won without losing a set during the Open Era by Rosewall in 1971 and Federer in 2007.
Champions[edit]
Australasian Championships[edit]
James Anderson clinched three titles in the Australasian Championship.
Year[f]
Country
Champion
Country
Runner-up
Score in the final[4][14]
1905 AUS Rodney Heath AUS Albert Curtis 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
1906 NZL Anthony Wilding NZL Francis Fisher 6–0, 6–4, 6–4
1907 AUS Horace Rice NZL Harry Parker 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
1908 USA Fred Alexander AUS Alfred Dunlop 3–6, 3–6, 6–0, 6–2, 6–3
1909 NZL Anthony Wilding AUS Ernie Parker 6–1, 7–5, 6–2
1910 AUS Rodney Heath AUS Horace Rice 6–4, 6–3, 6–2
1911 AUS Norman Brookes AUS Horace Rice 6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1912 BRI[j] James Cecil Parke BRI Alfred Beamish 3–6, 6–3, 1–6, 6–1, 7–5
1913 AUS Ernie Parker NZL Harry Parker 2–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1914 AUS Arthur O'Hara Wood AUS Gerald Patterson 6–4, 6–3, 5–7, 6–1
1915 BRI Gordon Lowe AUS Horace Rice 4–6, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4
1916 No competition (due to World War I)
1917
1918
1919 BRI Algernon Kingscote AUS Eric Pockley 6–4, 6–0, 6–3
1920 AUS Pat O'Hara Wood AUS Ronald Thomas 6–3, 4–6, 6–8, 6–1, 6–3
1921 AUS Rhys Gemmell AUS Alf Hedeman 7–5, 6–1, 6–4
1922 AUS James Anderson AUS Gerald Patterson 6–0, 3–6, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
1923 AUS Pat O'Hara Wood AUS Bert St. John 6–1, 6–1, 6–3
1924 AUS James Anderson AUS Richard Schlesinger 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 5–7, 6–3
1925 AUS James Anderson AUS Gerald Patterson 11–9, 2–6, 6–2, 6–3
1926 AUS John Hawkes AUS James Willard 6–1, 6–3, 6–1
Australian Championships[edit]
Jack Crawford titled in 1931, 1932, 1933 and 1935.
Year[f]
Country
Champion
Country
Runner-up
Score in the final[4][14]
1927 AUS Gerald Patterson AUS John Hawkes 3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 18–16, 6–3
1928 FRA Jean Borotra AUS Jack Cummings 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3
1929 GBR John Colin Gregory AUS Richard Schlesinger 6–2, 6–2, 5–7, 7–5
1930 AUS Edgar Moon AUS Harry Hopman 6–3, 6–1, 6–3
1931 AUS Jack Crawford AUS Harry Hopman 6–4, 6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1932 AUS Jack Crawford AUS Harry Hopman 4–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–1
1933 AUS Jack Crawford USA Keith Gledhill 2–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1934 GBR Fred Perry AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 7–5, 6–1
1935 AUS Jack Crawford GBR Fred Perry 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1936 AUS Adrian Quist AUS Jack Crawford 6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 9–7
1937 AUS Vivian McGrath AUS John Bromwich 6–3, 1–6, 6–0, 2–6, 6–1
1938 USA Don Budge AUS John Bromwich 6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1939 AUS John Bromwich AUS Adrian Quist 6–4, 6–1, 6–3
1940 AUS Adrian Quist AUS Jack Crawford 6–3, 6–1, 6–2
1941 No competition (due to World War II)[n]
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946 AUS John Bromwich AUS Dinny Pails 5–7, 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2
1947 AUS Dinny Pails AUS John Bromwich 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 8–6
1948 AUS Adrian Quist AUS John Bromwich 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–3
1949 AUS Frank Sedgman AUS John Bromwich 6–3, 6–2, 6–2
1950 AUS Frank Sedgman AUS Ken McGregor 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1
1951 USA Dick Savitt AUS Ken McGregor 6–3, 2–6, 6–3, 6–1
1952 AUS Ken McGregor AUS Frank Sedgman 7–5, 12–10, 2–6, 6–2
1953 AUS Ken Rosewall AUS Mervyn Rose 6–0, 6–3, 6–4
1954 AUS Mervyn Rose AUS Rex Hartwig 6–2, 0–6, 6–4, 6–2
1955 AUS Ken Rosewall AUS Lew Hoad 9–7, 6–4, 6–4
1956 AUS Lew Hoad AUS Ken Rosewall 6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 7–5
1957 AUS Ashley Cooper AUS Neale Fraser 6–3, 9–11, 6–4, 6–2
1958 AUS Ashley Cooper AUS Malcolm Anderson 7–5, 6–3, 6–4
1959 USA[g] Alex Olmedo AUS Neale Fraser 6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3
1960 AUS Rod Laver AUS Neale Fraser 5–7, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6, 8–6
1961 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Rod Laver 1–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–4
1962 AUS Rod Laver AUS Roy Emerson 8–6, 0–6, 6–4, 6–4
1963 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Ken Fletcher 6–3, 6–3, 6–1
1964 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Fred Stolle 6–3, 6–4, 6–2
1965 AUS Roy Emerson AUS Fred Stolle 7–9, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 6–1
1966 AUS Roy Emerson USA Arthur Ashe 6–4, 6–8, 6–2, 6–3
1967 AUS Roy Emerson USA Arthur Ashe 6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1968 AUS William Bowrey ESP Juan Gisbert 7–5, 2–6, 9–7, 6–4
Australian Open[edit]
American Andre Agassi won four singles titles.
Roger Federer is one of the two players in the Open Era to win 6 singles Australian Open titles.
Year[f]
Country
Champion
Country
Runner-up
Score in the final[4][14]
1969 AUS Rod Laver[b] ESP Andrés Gimeno 6–3, 6–4, 7–5
1970 USA Arthur Ashe AUS Dick Crealy 6–4, 9–7, 6–2
1971 AUS Ken Rosewall USA Arthur Ashe 6–1, 7–5, 6–3
1972 AUS Ken Rosewall AUS Malcolm Anderson 7–6(7–2), 6–3, 7–5
1973 AUS John Newcombe NZL Onny Parun 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–1
1974 USA Jimmy Connors AUS Phil Dent 7–6(9–7), 6–4, 4–6, 6–3
1975 AUS John Newcombe USA Jimmy Connors 7–5, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(9–7)
1976 AUS Mark Edmondson AUS John Newcombe 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 6–1
1977 (1) USA Roscoe Tanner[h] ARG Guillermo Vilas 6–3, 6–3, 6–3
1977 (2) USA Vitas Gerulaitis[h] GBR John Lloyd 6–3, 7–6(7–1), 5–7, 3–6, 6–2
1978 ARG Guillermo Vilas AUS John Marks 6–4, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1979 ARG Guillermo Vilas USA John Sadri 7–6(7–4), 6–3, 6–2
1980 USA Brian Teacher AUS Kim Warwick 7–5, 7–6(7–4), 6–3
1981 RSA Johan Kriek USA Steve Denton 6–2, 7–6(7–1), 6–7(1–7), 6–4
1982 USA[m] Johan Kriek USA Steve Denton 6–3, 6–3, 6–2
1983 SWE Mats Wilander TCH Ivan Lendl 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1984 SWE Mats Wilander RSA Kevin Curren 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 7–6(7–3), 6–2
1985 SWE Stefan Edberg SWE Mats Wilander 6–4, 6–3, 6–3
1986 No competition (due to date change)[e]
1987 SWE Stefan Edberg AUS Pat Cash 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 5–7, 6–3
1988 SWE Mats Wilander AUS Pat Cash 6–3, 6–7(3–7), 3–6, 6–1, 8–6
1989 TCH Ivan Lendl TCH Miloslav Mečíř 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1990 TCH Ivan Lendl SWE Stefan Edberg 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 5–2 retired[k]
1991 GER Boris Becker TCH Ivan Lendl 1–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1992 USA Jim Courier SWE Stefan Edberg 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 6–2
1993 USA Jim Courier SWE Stefan Edberg 6–2, 6–1, 2–6, 7–5
1994 USA Pete Sampras USA Todd Martin 7–6(7–4), 6–4, 6–4
1995 USA Andre Agassi USA Pete Sampras 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(8–6), 6–4
1996 GER Boris Becker USA Michael Chang 6–2, 6–4, 2–6, 6–2
1997 USA Pete Sampras ESP Carlos Moyá 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
1998 CZE Petr Korda CHI Marcelo Ríos 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
1999 RUS Yevgeny Kafelnikov SWE Thomas Enqvist 4–6, 6–0, 6–3, 7–6(7–1)
2000 USA Andre Agassi RUS Yevgeny Kafelnikov 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
2001 USA Andre Agassi FRA Arnaud Clément 6–4, 6–2, 6–2
2002 SWE Thomas Johansson RUS Marat Safin 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6(7–4)
2003 USA Andre Agassi GER Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
2004 SUI Roger Federer RUS Marat Safin 7–6(7–3), 6–4, 6–2
2005 RUS Marat Safin AUS Lleyton Hewitt 1–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
2006 SUI Roger Federer CYP Marcos Baghdatis 5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2
2007 SUI Roger Federer CHI Fernando González 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4
2008 SRB Novak Djokovic FRA Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 7–6(7–2)
2009 ESP Rafael Nadal SUI Roger Federer 7–5, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 3–6, 6–2
2010 SUI Roger Federer GBR Andy Murray 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(13–11)
2011 SRB Novak Djokovic GBR Andy Murray 6–4, 6–2, 6–3
2012 SRB Novak Djokovic ESP Rafael Nadal 5–7, 6–4, 6–2, 6–7(5–7), 7–5
2013 SRB Novak Djokovic GBR Andy Murray 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–3, 6–2
2014 SUI Stan Wawrinka ESP Rafael Nadal 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3
2015 SRB Novak Djokovic GBR Andy Murray 7–6(7–5), 6–7(4–7), 6–3, 6–0
2016 SRB Novak Djokovic GBR Andy Murray 6–1, 7–5, 7–6(7–3)
2017 SUI Roger Federer ESP Rafael Nadal 6–4, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3
2018 SUI Roger Federer CRO Marin Čilić 6–2, 6–7(5–7), 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
Statistics[edit]
Multiple champions[edit]
Open Era six-time champion Novak Djokovic hoisting the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup after his second win in 2011. Djokovic is one of the two players in the Open Era to win 6 Australian Open titles and the only player in the Open Era to win 3 consecutive titles. He is undefeated in finals.
Player
Amateur Era
Open Era
All-time
Years
Roy Emerson (AUS) 6 0 6 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967
Roger Federer (SUI) 0 6 6 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017, 2018
Novak Djokovic (SRB) 0 6 6 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
Jack Crawford (AUS) 4 0 4 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935
Ken Rosewall (AUS) 2 2 4 1953, 1955, 1971, 1972
Andre Agassi (USA) 0 4 4 1995, 2000, 2001, 2003
James Anderson (AUS) 3 0 3 1922, 1924, 1925
Adrian Quist (AUS) 3 0 3 1936, 1940, 1948
Rod Laver (AUS) 2 1 3 1960, 1962, 1969
Mats Wilander (SWE) 0 3 3 1983, 1984, 1988
Boris Becker (GER) 0 2 2 1991, 1996
John Bromwich (AUS) 2 0 2 1939, 1946
Ashley Cooper (AUS) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
Jim Courier (USA) 0 2 2 1992, 1993
Stefan Edberg (SWE) 0 2 2 1985, 1987
Rodney Heath (AUS) 2 0 2 1905, 1910
Johan Kriek (RSA) (USA)[m] 0 2 2 1981, 1982
Ivan Lendl (TCH) 0 2 2 1989, 1990
John Newcombe (AUS) 0 2 2 1973, 1975
Pete Sampras (USA) 0 2 2 1994, 1997
Frank Sedgman (AUS) 2 0 2 1949, 1950
Guillermo Vilas (ARG) 0 2 2 1978, 1979
Anthony Wilding (NZL) 2 0 2 1906, 1909
Pat O'Hara Wood (AUS) 2 0 2 1920, 1923
Champions by country[edit]
Australian Open men's singles champions by country
Country
Amateur Era
Open Era
All-time
First title
Last title
Australia (AUS)
44 6 50 1905 1976
United States (USA)
4 15 19 1908 2003
Switzerland (SUI)
0 7 7 2004 2018
Sweden (SWE)
0 6 6 1983 2002
Serbia (SRB)
0 6 6 2008 2016
United Kingdom (UK/GBR)[l]
5 0 5 1912 1934
Argentina (ARG)
0 2 2 1978 1979
Czechoslovakia (TCH)[m]
0 2 2 1989 1990
Germany (GER)
0 2 2 1991 1996
New Zealand (NZL)
2 0 2 1906 1909
Russia (RUS)
0 2 2 1999 2005
South Africa (RSA)
0 1 1 1981 1981
Czech Republic (CZE)[n]
0 1 1 1998 1998
France (FRA)
1 0 1 1928 1928
Spain (ESP)
0 1 1 2009 2009
See also[edit]
Tennis portal
Australian Open other competitions
List of Australian Open women's singles champions
List of Australian Open men's doubles champions
List of Australian Open women's doubles champions
List of Australian Open mixed doubles champions
Grand Slam men's singles
List of French Open men's singles champions
List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions
List of US Open men's singles champions
List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
Notes[edit]
a Known as the Australasian Championships (1905–1926) and as the Australian Championships (1927–1968) during the Amateur Era.[3]
b The tournament entered the Open Era with the 1969 edition, allowing professional players to compete alongside amateurs.[3]
c Since 1988, Rod Laver Arena features a retractable roof and lights, allowing indoor and night-time play.[10]
d The Australian Open specifically uses Plexicushion Prestige hardcourts, categorized as a "Medium" speed surface by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).[8][9][15]
e The tournament was not held in 1986 because of a date change. See 1986 Australian Open tournament.[6][7]
f Each year is linked to an article about that particular event's draw.
g Although he was still a Peruvian citizen, Alex Olmedo was recorded as an American competitor for the 1959 Australian Championships.[16][17]
h Two Australian Opens were in held in 1977 because of a date change, the first in January and the second in December.[5]
i Ivan Lendl won the final after Stefan Edberg was forced to retire due to a pulled abdominal muscle.[18]
j Three wins by players from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), plus two wins by players from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922–present).
k Czechoslovakia (TCH, 1918–1992), does not include the totals of Czech Republic (CZE, 1992–present) and Slovakia (SVK, 1992–present).
l Czech Republic (CZE, 1992–present), does not include the totals of Czechoslovakia (TCH, 1918–1992), or Slovakia (SVK, 1992–present).
m Johan Kriek won his first title as a South African, but the next year won as a citizen of the United States.
n The tournament was not held from 1941 to 1945 because of World War II.[4]
References[edit]
General
"Grand Slam Tournaments – Australian Open" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
"List of Australian Open men's champions". ESPN. Reuters. 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Specific
Jump up ^ "2012 Australian Open". Event Guide: Prize Money. Tennis Australia. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Tournament profile – Australian Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Foenander, Tristan. "History of the Australian Open – the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Archived from the original on 2009-05-25. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Grand Slam Tournaments – Australian Open" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "1977 Grand Slam calendar". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "1986 Grand Slam calendar". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Australian Open – History – Year-by-year". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Archived from the original on 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Schlink, Leo (2008-01-14). "Plexicushion replaces Rebound Ace at Australian Open". Herald Sun. The Herald and Weekly Times. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Bevan, Chris (2008-01-11). "On-court blues for Aussie tennis?". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rod Laver Arena". mopt.com.au. Melbourne & Olympic Parks. Archived from the original on 2009-09-13. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Roddick survives 83-game epic". The Guardian. London. 2003-01-22. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Jump up ^ Vaughan, Gerard (2005-01-17). "Trophy has roots in an 18th-century antiquity". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Australian Open – Prize Money". australianopen.com. IBM, Tennis Australia. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Men's Singles". australianopen.com. IBM. Archived from the original on 2010-01-15. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
Jump up ^ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Aching, Victorious Olmedo to Forsake Tennis for Study". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Interactive, Inc. 1959-01-27. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
Jump up ^ "List of Australian Open men's champions". ESPN. Reuters. 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Jump up ^ Bick, Nina (1990-01-29). "Lendl Wins Title as Edberg Pulls Out". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian Open (tennis).
Australian Open official website
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Australasian and Australian Championships men's singles champions
(1905) Rodney Heath
(1906) Anthony Wilding
(1907) Horace Rice
(1908) Fred Alexander
(1909) Anthony Wilding
(1910) Rodney Heath
(1911) Norman Brookes
(1912) James Parke
(1913) Ernie Parker
(1914) Arthur O'Hara Wood
(1915) Gordon Lowe
(1916–1918) No competition (due to World War I)
(1919) Algernon Kingscote
(1920) Pat O'Hara Wood
(1921) Rhys Gemmell
(1922) James Anderson
(1923) Pat O'Hara Wood
(1924) James Anderson
(1925) James Anderson
(1926) John Hawkes
(1927) Gerald Patterson
(1928) Jean Borotra
(1929) John Colin Gregory
(1930) Edgar Moon
(1931) Jack Crawford
(1932) Jack Crawford
(1933) Jack Crawford
(1934) Fred Perry
(1935) Jack Crawford
(1936) Adrian Quist
(1937) Vivian McGrath
(1938) Don Budge
(1939) John Bromwich
(1940) Adrian Quist
(1941–1945) No competition (due to World War II)
(1946) John Bromwich
(1947) Dinny Pails
(1948) Adrian Quist
(1949) Frank Sedgman
(1950) Frank Sedgman
(1951) Dick Savitt
(1952) Ken McGregor
(1953) Ken Rosewall
(1954) Mervyn Rose
(1955) Ken Rosewall
(1956) Lew Hoad
(1957) Ashley Cooper
(1958) Ashley Cooper
(1959) Alex Olmedo
(1960) Rod Laver
(1961) Roy Emerson
(1962) Rod Laver
(1963) Roy Emerson
(1964) Roy Emerson
(1965) Roy Emerson
(1966) Roy Emerson
(1967) Roy Emerson
(1968) William Bowrey
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Australian Open men's singles champions
(1969) Rod Laver
(1970) Arthur Ashe
(1971) Ken Rosewall
(1972) Ken Rosewall
(1973) John Newcombe
(1974) Jimmy Connors
(1975) John Newcombe
(1976) Mark Edmondson
(1977 (Jan)) Roscoe Tanner
(1977 (Dec)) Vitas Gerulaitis
(1978) Guillermo Vilas
(1979) Guillermo Vilas
(1980) Brian Teacher
(1981) Johan Kriek
(1982) Johan Kriek
(1983) Mats Wilander
(1984) Mats Wilander
(1985) Stefan Edberg
(1986) Not Held
(1987) Stefan Edberg
(1988) Mats Wilander
(1989) Ivan Lendl
(1990) Ivan Lendl
(1991) Boris Becker
(1992) Jim Courier
(1993) Jim Courier
(1994) Pete Sampras
(1995) Andre Agassi
(1996) Boris Becker
(1997) Pete Sampras
(1998) Petr Korda
(1999) Yevgeny Kafelnikov
(2000) Andre Agassi
(2001) Andre Agassi
(2002) Thomas Johansson
(2003) Andre Agassi
(2004) Roger Federer
(2005) Marat Safin
(2006) Roger Federer
(2007) Roger Federer
(2008) Novak Djokovic
(2009) Rafael Nadal
(2010) Roger Federer
(2011) Novak Djokovic
(2012) Novak Djokovic
(2013) Novak Djokovic
(2014) Stanislas Wawrinka
(2015) Novak Djokovic
(2016) Novak Djokovic
(2017) Roger Federer
(2018) Roger Federer
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Australian_Open_men%27s_singles_champions&oldid=850200948"
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Lowell Mills
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Lowell Mills refers to the 19th-century mills that operated in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, which was named after Francis Cabot Lowell, who introduced a new manufacturing system called the "Lowell System", also known as the "Waltham-Lowell System".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Philosophical context
2 The Lowell System
2.1 Lowell mill girls
3 Decline
4 Legacy
5 See also
6 References
Philosophical context[edit]
Francis Cabot Lowell sought to create an efficient manufacturing process in the United States that "differed from what he saw in Great Britain". His vision relied on his "great faith in the people of New England" and employees "would be housed and fed by the company and remain employed only a few years rather than form a permanently downtrodden underclass".[2]
After a trip to London in 1811 during which he memorized the design of power looms, Lowell founded the Boston Manufacturing Company in 1813 along with the Nathan Appleton, Patrick Tracy Jackson, and the other so-called "Boston Associates". This group of Boston-area merchants were "committed to the ideals of the original Protestant ethic and Republican simplicity" but were nevertheless "shrewd, far-sighted entrepreneurs who were quick to embrace...new investment opportunities".[3]
The Boston Manufacturing Company built its first mill next to the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1814.[1] Unlike the prevailing system of textile manufacturing at the time—the "Rhode Island System" established by Samuel Slater—Lowell decided to hire young women (usually single) between the ages of 15 and 35, who became known as Mill Girls. They were called "operatives" because they operated the looms and other machinery.[4]
The Lowell System[edit]
Main article: Waltham-Lowell system
The Lowell system, also known as the Waltham-Lowell system, was "unprecedented and revolutionary for its time". Not only was it was faster and more efficient, it was considered more humane than the textile industry in Great Britain by "paying in cash, hiring young adults instead of children, and by offering employment for only a few years and providing educational opportunities to help workers move on to better jobs".[1]
For the first time in the United States, these mills combined the textile processes of spinning and weaving under one roof, essentially eliminating the "putting-out system" in favor of mass production of high-quality cloth. It completely revolutionized the textile industry and "eventually became the model for other manufacturing industries" in the United States.[1]
Lowell mill girls[edit]
Main article: Lowell Mill Girls
Lowell solved the problem of labor by employing young women (usually single) between the ages of 15 and 35, who became known as "mill girls". Unlike European industries, which had access to "large, landless, urban populations whose reliance on the wage system gave them few economic choices", American companies had to grapple with a small labor supply because the population was small and most preferred farming their own land and the economic independence that came with it. Additionally, many Americans viewed the European factory system as "inherently corrupt and abusive".[5]
In order to persuade these young women to work at a mill, they were paid in cash once "every week or two weeks".[6] Additionally, Lowell devised a factory community: women were required to live in company-owned dormitories adjacent to the mill that were run by older women chaperones called "matrons". In addition to working 80 hours a week, the women had to adhere to strict moral codes (enforced by the matrons) as well as attend religious services and educational classes. Despite being "highly discriminatory and paternalistic compared to modern standards, it was seen as revolutionary in its day".[7]
Indeed, hiring women made good business sense; not only did women have experience weaving and spinning, they could be paid less than men, thereby increasing the profits of Lowell's Boston Manufacturing Company, and were "more easily controlled then men". Additionally, his tight rein on his employees "cultivated employee loyalty, kept wages low, and assured his stockholders accelerating profits".[7]
In line with the Boston Associates' worldview, the mill girls were encouraged to educate themselves and pursue intellectual activities. They attended free lectures by Ralph Waldo Emerson and John Quincy Adams and read books they borrowed from circulating libraries. They were also encouraged to join “improvement circles” that promoted creative writing and public discussion.[3]
Decline[edit]
Economic instability in the 1830s as well as immigration greatly affected the Lowell mills.
Overproduction during the 1830s caused the price of finished cloth to drop and the mills' financial situation was exacerbated by a minor depression in 1834 and the Panic of 1837. In 1834, the mills cut wages by 25%, which led the girls to respond by staging an unsuccessful strike and organizing a labor union called the Factory Girls Association. In 1836, they went on another unsuccessful strike when their housing rates were increased. Conditions continued to deteriorate until 1845, when the mill girls formed the Female Labor Reform Association, which joined forces with other Massachusetts laborers to pass laws aimed at improving working conditions in the state, which the mills simply ignored.[1]
The women responded by going out on strike and published magazines and newsletters like the Lowell Offering. They even petitioned the Massachusetts state legislature to pass a law limiting the workday to ten hours. The petition was unsuccessful but it mill owners that their employees had become too troublesome.
By the mid-1840s, a "new generation of mill managers was in charge", for whom "profits rather than people seemed their primary, even sole, concern".[3]
Furthermore, mill owners, who were convinced that their employees had become too troublesome, found a new source of labor in the Irish immigrants who were flocking to Massachusetts in 1846 to escape Ireland's Great Famine. These immigrant workers were mostly women with large families who were willing to work longer for cheaper wages. They also often forced their children to work as well. This reliance on immigrant workers slowly turned the mills into what they were trying to avoid—a system that exploited the lower classes and made them permanently dependent on the low-paying mill jobs. By the 1850s, the Lowell system was considered a failed experiment and the mills began using more and more immigrant and child labor.
In the 1890s, the South emerged as the center of U.S. textile manufacturing; not only was cotton grown locally in the South, it had fewer labor unions and heating costs were cheaper. By the mid-20th century, all of the New England textile mills, including the Lowell mills, had either closed or relocated to the south.[1]
Legacy[edit]
By 1840, Lowell, Massachusetts, had 32 textile factories and had become a bustling city. Between 1820 and 1840 the number of people who worked in manufacturing increased eightfold.[3]
Although most of the original Lowell Mill Girls were laid off and replaced by immigrants by 1850, the grown, single women who had been used to earning their own money ended up using their education to become librarians, teachers, and social workers. In this manner, the system was seen as producing "benefits for the workers and the larger society".[7]
See also[edit]
Boston Manufacturing Company
Francis Cabot Lowell (businessman)
Lowell Mill Girls
Lowell, Massachusetts
Waltham-Lowell system
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice (25 January 2017). "What Was the Lowell System Used in the Lowell Mills?". History of Massachusetts Blog. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Chaim M. (2010). The Life and Times of Francis Cabot Lowell, 1775–1817. Lexington Books. p. 179. ISBN 978-0739146835. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Shi, David E. (1985). The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. pp. 93–98. ISBN 978-0195034752. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lowell Mill Girls and the factory system, 1840". History Now. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Harris, Skylar (2014). Kenneth E. Hendrickson III, ed. The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History, Volume 3. 3. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 1024–1025. ISBN 9780810888883. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Walton, Perry (2017). The Story of Textiles: A Bird's-Eye View of the History, of the Beginning and the Growth of the Industry, by Which Mankind Is Clothed. Forgotten Books. p. 199. ISBN 978-1330295052. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Paul G. Pierpaoli (2012). Spencer C. Tucker, ed. The Encyclopedia of the War of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History, Volume 1. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 429–430. ISBN 978-1851099566. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Mills&oldid=833121376"
Categories:
History of Lowell, Massachusetts
Merrimack River
Textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts
Companies based in Lowell, Massachusetts
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