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Selene
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This article is about the Greek goddess. For other uses, see Selene (disambiguation).
Selene
Goddess of the Moon
Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus
Abode
Sky
Symbol
Crescent, chariot, torch, raised cloak, bull, rooster, dog
Personal Information
Consort
Endymion
Children
Fifty daughters to Endymion; Pandia and Ersa to Zeus
Parents
Hyperion and Theia
Siblings
Helios and Eos
Roman equivalent
Luna
In Greek mythology, Selene (/sɪˈliːni/; Ancient Greek: Σελήνη [selɛ̌ːnɛː] "moon") is the goddess of the moon. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. In classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo.[1] Both Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate, and all three were regarded as lunar goddesses, although only Selene was regarded as the personification of the moon itself. Her Roman equivalent is Luna.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Names
2 Origin
3 Lovers and offspring
3.1 Endymion
3.2 Others
4 Moon chariot
5 Descriptions
6 Iconography
7 Cult
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Names[edit]
Statue of Selene, shown wearing the crescent on her forehead and holding a torch in her right hand, while her veil billows over her head
The etymology of Selene is uncertain, but if the name is of Greek origin, it is likely connected to the word selas (σέλας), meaning "light".[3]
Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her identification with Artemis, is also commonly referred to by the epithet Phoebe (feminine form).[4] The original Phoebe of Greek mythology is Selene's aunt, the Titaness mother of Leto and Asteria, and grandmother of Apollo, Artemis, and Hecate. Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called "Cynthia".[5]
Selene was also called Mene.[6] The word men (feminine mene), meant the moon, and the lunar month. It was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men.[7]
Origin[edit]
The usual account of Selene's origin is given by Hesiod. In the Theogony, the sun-god Hyperion espoused his sister Theia, who gave birth to "great Helios and clear Selene and Eos who shines upon all that are on earth and upon the deathless Gods who live in the wide heaven."[8] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphaëssa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios."[9] Here Euryphaëssa ("wide-shining") is probably an epithet of Theia.[10]
Other accounts make Selene the daughter of Pallas, the son of Megamedes (possibly identified with Titan Pallas)[11] or of Helios.[12]
Lovers and offspring[edit]
Endymion[edit]
Selene and Endymion, by Sebastiano Ricci (1713), Chiswick House, England
Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion.[13] The late 7th-century – early 6th-century BC poet Sappho apparently mentioned Selene and Endymion.[14] However, the first direct account comes from the third-century BC Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, which tells of Selene's "mad passion" and her visiting the "fair Endymion" in a cave on Mount Latmus:[15]
"And the Titanian goddess, the moon, rising from a far land, beheld her [Medea] as she fled distraught, and fiercely exulted over her, and thus spake to her own heart: 'Not I alone then stray to the Latmian cave, nor do I alone burn with love for fair Endymion; oft times with thoughts of love have I been driven away by thy crafty spells, in order that in the darkness of night thou mightest work thy sorcery at ease, even the deeds dear to thee. And now thou thyself too hast part in a like mad passion; and some god of affliction has given thee Jason to be thy grievous woe. Well, go on, and steel thy heart, wise though thou be, to take up thy burden of pain, fraught with many sighs.' "
Quintus Smyrnaeus' The Fall of Troy tells that, while Endymion slept in his cave beside his cattle, "Selene watched him from on high, and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love drew down the immortal stainless Queen of Night."[16] The eternally sleeping Endymion was proverbial,[17] but exactly how this eternal sleep came about and what role, if any, Selene may have had in it is unclear. According to the Catalogue of Women, Endymion was the son of Aethlius (a son of Zeus), and Zeus granted him the right to choose when he would die.[18] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion, having fallen in love with Hera, asked Zeus to grant him eternal sleep.[19] However, Apollodorus says that because of Endymion's "surpassing beauty, the Moon fell in love with him, and Zeus allowed him to choose what he would, and he chose to sleep for ever, remaining deathless and ageless".[20] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping".[21]
From Pausanias we hear that Selene was supposed to have had by Endymion fifty daughters, who possibly represented the fifty lunar months of the Olympiad.[22] Nonnus has Selene and Endymion as the parents of the beautiful Narcissus, but in other accounts, including Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.[23]
Others[edit]
According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("all-brightness"),[24] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods".[25] Alcman makes Ersa ("dew"), the daughter of Selene and Zeus.[26] Selene and Zeus were also supposed by some to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held.[27] Some accounts also make Selene and Zeus the parents of Dionysus, but this may be the result of confusing Semele, the usual mother of Dionysus, with Selene because of the similarity of their names.[28]
Whereas for Hesiod, the Nemean Lion was born to Echidna and raised by Hera,[29] other accounts have Selene involved in some way in its birth or rearing. Aelian, On Animals 12.7, states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying: "For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera."[30]
Quintus Smyrnaeus makes Helios and Selene (the Sun and Moon) the parents of the Horae, goddesses of the seasons.[31] Smyrnaeus describes them as the four handmaidens of Hera, but in most accounts their number is three, and their parents are Zeus and Themis.
According to Virgil, Selene also had a tryst with the great god Pan, who seduced her with a "snowy bribe of wool".[32] Scholia on Virgil add that the god wrapped himself in a sheepskin.[33]
Selene was also said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus.[34]
Moon chariot[edit]
Detail of a sarcophagus depicting Endymion and Selene, shown with her characteristic attributes of lunate crown and billowing veil (velificatio) [35]
Like her brother Helios, the Sun god, who drives his sun chariot across the sky each day, Selene is also said to drive a chariot across the heavens.[36] The Hymn to Selene, provides a description:
The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men.[37]
The earliest known depiction of Selene driving a chariot is inside an early 5th century BC red-figure cup attributed to the Brygos Painter, showing Selene plunging her chariot, drawn by two winged horses, into the sea.[38] Though the moon chariot is often described as being silver,[39] for Pindar it was golden.[40] And while the sun chariot has four horses, Selene's usually has two,[41] described as "snow-white" by Ovid,[42] or was drawn by oxen or bulls.[43]
Descriptions[edit]
Surviving descriptions of Selene's physical appearance and character, apart from those which would apply to the moon itself, are scant. Three early sources mention Selene's hair. Both the Hymn to Helios and the Hymn to Selene use the word εὐπλόκαμος, variously translated as "rich", "bright", or "beautiful haired", and Epimenides uses the epithet "lovely-haired".[44] The Hymn to Selene describes the goddess as very beautiful, with long wings and a golden diadem, calling her "white-armed" and "benevolent".[45] Aeschylus calls Selene "the eye of night".[46] The Orphic Hymns give Selene horns and a torch, describing her as "all-seeing", "all-wise", a lover of horses and of vigilance, and a "foe of strife" who "giv'st to Nature's works their destin'd end".[47]
Iconography[edit]
Selene riding horseback, detail from the Pergamon Altar
In antiquity, artistic representations of Selene included sculptural reliefs, vase paintings, coins, and gems.[48] In red-figure pottery before the early 5th century BC, she is depicted only as a bust, or in profile against a lunar disk.[49] In later art, like other celestial divinities, such as Helios, Eos, and Nyx ("night"), Selene rides across the heavens. She is usually portrayed either driving a chariot, or riding sidesaddle on horseback[50] (or ox, mule, or even a ram).[51]
Paired with her brother Helios, Selene adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios driving his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right.[52] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia.[53] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos.[54] Selene also appears on horseback as part of the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar.[55]
Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon, often accompanied by stars; sometimes, instead of a crescent, a lunar disc is used.[56] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders.[57] Selene's head is sometimes surrounded by a nimbus, and from the Hellenistic period onwards, she is sometimes pictured with a torch.[58]
In later second and third century AD Roman funerary art, the love of Selene for Endymion and his eternal sleep was a popular subject for artists.[59] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet.[60]
In post-Renaissance art, Selene is generally depicted as a beautiful woman with a pale face and long, lustrous black hair, driving a silver chariot pulled either by a yoke of oxen or a pair of horses.[citation needed]
Cult[edit]
Selene from an altar piece
Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene.[61] An oracular sanctuary existed near Thalamai in Laconia; described by Pausanias, it contained statues of Pasiphaë and Helios. Here Pasiphaë is used as an epithet of Selene, instead of referring to the daughter of Helios and wife of Minos.[62] Pausanias also described seeing two stone images in the market-place of Elis, one of the sun and the other of the moon, from the heads of which projected the rays of the sun and the horns of the crescent moon.[63]
Originally Pandia may have been an epithet of Selene,[64] but by at least the time of the late Homeric Hymn, Pandia had become a daughter of Zeus and Selene. Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon,[65] and an Athenian festival, called the Pandia, usually considered to be a festival for Zeus,[66] was perhaps celebrated on the full-moon and may have been associated with Selene.[67]
See also[edit]
Selenium
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Hard, p. 46; Hammond, "SELENE", pp. 970–971; Morford, pp. 64, 219–220; Smith, "Selene".
Jump up ^ Smith, "Selene"; Kerenyi, pp. 196–197; Hammond, "SELENE" pp. 970–971; Hard, p. 46; Morford, pp. 64, 219–221.
Jump up ^ Kerenyi, pp. 196–197.
Jump up ^ Morford, p. 64; Smith, "Selene"
Jump up ^ Pannen, p. 96. For example see Ovid, Heroides 15.89 ff..
Jump up ^ Smith, "Selene".
Jump up ^ Kerenyi, pp. 196–197; Hammond, "SELENE" pp. 970–971.
Jump up ^ Hesiod, Theogony 371–374. See also Apollodorus 1.2.2, Hyginus, Fabulae Preface.
Jump up ^ Hymn to Helios (31) 4–7.
Jump up ^ Morford, p. 61; West 2003, note 61 p. 215.
Jump up ^ Hard, p. 46; Vergados, p. 313; Hymn to Hermes (4), 99–100.
Jump up ^ Euripides, The Phoenician Women 175 ff.; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 44.191.
Jump up ^ Catullus, Carmina 66.5; Hyginus, Fabulae 271; Strabo, 14.1.8; Propertius, Elegies 2.15; Ovid, Heroides 15.89 ff., 18.59 ff.; Seneca, Phaedra 309 ff., 422 ff., 786 ff.; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 8.28 ff.; Lucian Aphrodite and Selene; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.325 ff., 4.195 ff., 4.213 ff., 5.516 ff., 7.237 ff., 13.553 ff., 41.379 ff., 42.266 ff., 48.582 ff., 48.667 ff..
Jump up ^ This is according to a scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes 4.57, see Campbell, p. 197; Weigal, p. 281
Jump up ^ Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.54 ff..
Jump up ^ Quintus Smyrnaeus, 10.125 ff. pp. 428–429.
Jump up ^ Frazer's note to Apollodorus, 1.7.5; Plato, Phaedo, 72c; Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 10.8.7; Theocritus, 3.50; Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.38.92, p.50.
Jump up ^ Catalogue of Women, fragment 10, lines 58–62, Most, p. 57.
Jump up ^ Gantz, p. 35. The same scholiast gives another story involving Endymion's love for Hera, this time attributed to the Great Ehoiai, saying that "Endymion was carried up by Zeus to heaven, but that he was seized by desire for Hera and was deceived by the phantom of a cloud, and that because of this desire he was thrown out and went down to Hades", see Most, fragment 198, p. 275.
Jump up ^ Apollodorus, 1.7.5.
Jump up ^ Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.38.92, p.50. See also Ovid, Amores, 1.13: "See how the moon does her Endymion keep / In night conceal'd, and drown'd in dewy sleep." Gantz, p. 34, discussing Selene's role, says that "no source claims that the sleep was her idea, and likely enough (given its role in some quarters as a punishment, and his love for Hera), she was not always a part of the story."
Jump up ^ Pausanias, 5.1.4; Mayerson p. 167; Davidson, pp. 204–205; Seyffert, "Endymion" p. 213; Cashford, p. 137. There are other accounts of fifty daughters in Greek mythology, the Nereids were fifty sea nymphs born to Nereus and Doris (Hesiod, Theogony 240–264), and Thespius had fifty daughters, each of whom bore a son to Heracles (Apollodorus, 2.4.10, 2.7.8).
Jump up ^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca 48.581 ff.; Ovid, Metamorphoses 3.342.
Jump up ^ Fairbanks, p. 162.
Jump up ^ Hymn to Selene (32) 15–16; Allen, [15] "ΠανδείηΝ", says that Pandia was "elsewhere unknown as a daughter of Selene", but see Hyginus, Fabulae Preface, Philodemus, De pietate P.Herc. 243 Fragment 6 (Obbink, p. 353). West 2003, p. 19 describes Pandia as an "obscure figure [who] featured in an Attic genealogy: she was the wife of Antiochos, the eponymous hero of the Antiochid phylē." Cook p. 732 says that it seems probable that, instead of being her daughter, "Pandia was originally an epithet of Selene". Either Selene or her daughter may have been connected to the Athenian festival Pandia.
Jump up ^ Alcman, fragments 48, 49 (Edmonds, pp. 84–85); Cook p. 732. Hard, p. 46: "this is really no more than an allegorical fancy referring to the heavy dew-fall associated with clear moonlit nights".
Jump up ^ Cook, p. 456; Smith, "Selene"; Graves, 123 c., Vol. 2, pp. 104–105; Pausanias, 2.15.3 has Asopus as the father of Nemea.
Jump up ^ Cook, p. 457 note. 5. Cook p. 733, calls the confusion "frequent".
Jump up ^ Hesiod, Theogony 327
Jump up ^ Cook, pp. 456–457; Burkert 1972, p. 346 n. 48; Gantz, p. 25; West 1983, pp. 47–48; Hard, p. 256. Compare with Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 18.4 (PDF), which has the Nemean Lion created from a chest filled with foam, see also Anaxagoras, fragment A77 (Scholium on Apollonius of Rhodes 1.498) pp. 111–112; Hyginus, Fabulae 30; Seneca, Hercules Furens 83 ff.
Jump up ^ Hammond, "SELENE", pp. 970–971; Quintus Smyrnaeus, 10.336 ff. pp. 442–443.
Jump up ^ Virgil, Georgics 3.3.391–93,
Jump up ^ Gantz, p. 36; Kerenyi, p. 175, 196; Grimal, "Selene", p. 415.
Jump up ^ Plato, Republic 2.364e; Obbink, p. 353; Burkert 1972, p. 346 n. 48.
Jump up ^ Stefania Sorrenti, "Les représentations figurées de Jupiter Dolichénien à Rome," in La terra sigillata tardo-italica decorata del Museo nazionale romano, «L'Erma» di Bretschneider, 1999), p. 370.
Jump up ^ Pindar, Olympian 3.19–20; Euripides, The Suppliant Women, 990–991; Theocritus, Idyll 2.163 ff.; Ovid, Fasti 4.373–374, 3.109–110, Metamorphoses 2. 208 ff; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 5.408 ff.; Statius, Thebaid 1. 336 ff.
Jump up ^ Hymn to Selene (32) 5–14.
Jump up ^ Cohen, pp. 156–157, 177–179. For Selene driving another pair of winged horses see Zschietzschmann, p. XII, p. 23.
Jump up ^ Grimal, "Selene" p. 415; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 44.191.
Jump up ^ Pindar, Olympian 3.19–20. For the use of "golden" in reference to the moon, see: Allen, [6] "χρυσέου".
Jump up ^ Kerenyi, p. 196; Morford, p. 63. For an example of Selene driving the less usual four horses see Morford, p. 353.
Jump up ^ Ovid, Fasti 4.373–374.
Jump up ^ Hammond, "SELENE", pp. 970–971; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 7.244, 11.185 ff., 1.214 ff., 2.405 ff.. For an image of Selene driving cattle, see LIMC Selene, Luna 61.
Jump up ^ Evelyn-White, Hymn to Helios (31) 6, Hymn to Selene, (32) 18; Rudin, pp. 94–95; Morford, p. 64; Aelian, On Animals, 12.7.
Jump up ^ "Winged": Hymn to Selene, (32) 1 (a winged Selene seems to be unique to this Hymn, see Allen, [1] "τανυσίπτερον"); "White-armed": Hymn to Selene, (32) 17; "Benevolent": Allen, [18] "Πρόφρον".
Jump up ^ Aeschylus, Seven against Thebes 390.
Jump up ^ Orphic Hymns 8.
Jump up ^ For an example of Selene depicted on a coin see British Museum, R.7248; for an example of a gem see the British Museum 1923,0401.199.
Jump up ^ Cohen, p. 157.
Jump up ^ Hard, p. 46; Savignoni, p. 271; Walters, p. 79; Murray (1892) p. 272.
Jump up ^ Hard, p. 46; Hammond, "SELENE", pp. 970–971; Murray (1903) p. 47. Hansen, p. 221 shows two images one captioned "Selene riding a mule, the other "Selene riding a ram". Cf. Pausanias, 5.11.8;.
Jump up ^ Neils, pp. 236–237; Palagia, p. 22. This is the usual interpretation, but some have suggested that instead of Selene, the goddess on the right could be Nyx or Eos, e.g. see Robertson, Martin 1981, p. 96. The same pair also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback, see Hurwit, p. 170.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Martin 1981, p. 96, Pausanias, 5.11.8.
Jump up ^ Morris, p. 87. For another example of the framing of a scene, in this case the Judgement of Paris, see Robertson, Martin 1992, p. 255.
Jump up ^ Thomas, p.17; Mitchell, p. 92.
Jump up ^ Savignoni, pp. 270–271; Cohen, pp. 178–179; LIMC Selene, Luna 35; Zschietzschmann, p. 23.
Jump up ^ British Museum 1923,0401.199; LIMC Selene, Luna 21; LIMC Selene, Luna 4; LIMC Mithras 113; LIMC Selene, Luna 15; LIMC Selene, Luna 34; LIMC Selene, Luna 2; LIMC Selene, Luna 7; LIMC Selene, Luna 9; LIMC Selene, Luna 10; LIMC Selene, Luna 19. For the close association between the crescent moon and horns see Cashford.
Jump up ^ Parisinou, p. 34.
Jump up ^ Sorabella, p. 70; Morford, p. 65.
Jump up ^ Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the Capitoline Museum in Rome (c. 135 AD ), two in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (c. 160 AD and c. 220 AD), and one in Palazzo Doria Pamphilj Rome (c. 310 AD), for images see Sorabella, figs. 1-7, 12.
Jump up ^ Hammond, "SELENE" pp. 970–971; Burkert 1991, p. 176
Jump up ^ Plutarch, Agis 9; Pausanias, 3.26.1.
Jump up ^ Pausanias, 6.24.6.
Jump up ^ Willetts, p. 178; Cook, p. 732; Roscher, p. 100; Scholiast on Demosthenes, 21.39a.
Jump up ^ Cox, p. 138; Casford p. 174.
Jump up ^ Parker 2005, p. 447.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Noel 1996, p. 75 note 109; Willets, pp. 178–179; Cook, 732; Harpers, "Selene"; Smith, "Pandia"; Lexica Segueriana s.v. Πάνδια (Bekker, p. 292); Photius, Lexicon s.v. Πάνδια.
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External links[edit]
Look up Selene in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up selene in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Selene.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Selēnē". Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 601.
Theoi.com: Selene Passages from Greek and Roman texts, in translation
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VIAF: 30333140
GND: 118796135
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=815150488"
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Brenda's Got a Baby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
Single by 2Pac
from the album 2Pacalypse Now
Released
October 20, 1991
Format
12" single
Recorded
1991
Genre
Conscious hip hop, alternative hip hop
Length
3:55
Label
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
T. Shakur, D. Evans
Producer(s)
Deion "Big D" Evans, The Underground Railroad
2Pac singles chronology
"Same Song (Digital Underground song)"
(1991) "Brenda's Got a Baby"
(1991) "If My Homie Calls"
(1991)
"Same Song (Digital Underground song)"
(1991) "Brenda's Got a Baby"
(1991) "If My Homie Calls"
(1991)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"Brenda's Got a Baby" on YouTube
"Brenda's Got a Baby" is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur, and tenth track from his debut album, 2Pacalypse Now. The song, which features R&B singer Dave Hollister, is about a twelve-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto, has a baby, and is incapable of supporting it. The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families. Like many of Shakur's songs, "Brenda's Got a Baby" draws from the plight of the impoverished. Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general, Shakur criticises the low level of support from the baby's father, the government, and society in general. Shakur wrote the song when he read a newspaper article about a twelve-year-old girl who became pregnant from her cousin and threw the baby in a trash compactor.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Music video
3 Charts
4 References
Lyrics[edit]
The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.
The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that the girl has had virtually no education in her life, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor, and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that it would not matter to her family if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.
Although she believes that her cousin (the father of her baby) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth to their baby on the bathroom floor. Brenda disposes of the baby by throwing it in a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears the baby crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.
Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of the other characters, such as her parents, her cousin, and the baby, are left unexplained. The final minute or so of the song consists of a chorus singing "don't you know she's got a baby" repeatedly.
2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.
Music video[edit]
The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor is the leading lady in the video.
The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a twelve-year-old girl getting pregnant from her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.
Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.
The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3
US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
10
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hedges, Chris (March 29, 1991). "A Child-Mother in the Jaws of New York". NYTimes.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "2Pac – Awards". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
[hide]
v
t
e
Tupac Shakur
Studio albums
2Pacalypse Now
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Thug Life: Volume 1
Me Against the World
All Eyez on Me
The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
Posthumous albums
R U Still Down? (Remember Me)
Still I Rise
Until the End of Time
Better Dayz
Loyal to the Game
Pac's Life
Live albums
2Pac Live
Live at the House of Blues
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
The Rose That Grew from Concrete
The Prophet: The Best of the Works
Nu-Mixx Klazzics
Tupac: Resurrection
The Rose, Vol. 2
The Prophet Returns
Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Best of 2Pac
Related albums
Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
Sons of the P
Juice (soundtrack)
Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
Above the Rim (soundtrack)
Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
Gang Related (soundtrack)
A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
Extended plays
Makaveli & Dillinger Don't Go 2 Sleep
Singles
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
"If My Homie Calls"
"Trapped"
"Holler If Ya Hear Me"
"I Get Around"
"Keep Ya Head Up"
"Papa'z Song"
"Cradle to the Grave"
"Dear Mama"
"So Many Tears"
"Temptations"
"California Love"
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"How Do U Want It"
"All Bout U"
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
"Life Goes On"
"Toss It Up"
"To Live & Die in LA"
"Hail Mary"
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
"Made Niggaz"
Posthumous singles
"I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
"Do for Love"
"Changes"
"Unconditional Love"
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
"Who Do U Believe In"
"Until the End of Time"
"Letter 2 My Unborn"
"Thugz Mansion"
"Still Ballin'"
"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
"Thugs Get Lonely Too"
"Ghetto Gospel"
"Untouchable"
"Pac's Life"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Other songs
"I Don't Give a Fuck"
"Runnin' (From tha Police)"
"Hit 'Em Up"
"Are U Still Down"
"Panther Power"
Featured singles
"Smile"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Books
The Rose That Grew from Concrete
Stage
Holler If Ya Hear Me
Filmography
Nothing but Trouble
Juice
Poetic Justice
Above the Rim
Bullet
Gridlock'd
Gang Related
Documentaries
Biggie & Tupac
Tupac: Resurrection
Tupac: Assassination
Outlawz
Yaki Kadafi
Kastro
Napoleon
E.D.I. Mean
Hussein Fatal
Mussolini
Komani
Young Noble
Related articles
Discography
List of songs
Outlawz
Digital Underground
Afeni Shakur
Assata Shakur
Mopreme Shakur
Mutulu Shakur
East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry
Makaveli Branded Clothing
Niccolò Machiavelli
Orlando Anderson
Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
Billy Garland
Kadafi
List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur
Murder of Tupac Shakur
All Eyez on Me
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brenda%27s_Got_a_Baby&oldid=806402504"
Categories:
1991 songs
Debut singles
Incest in fiction
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Songs with feminist themes
Songs written by Tupac Shakur
Tupac Shakur songs
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