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Supreme Leader Snoke
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Supreme Leader Snoke
Star Wars character
Supreme Leader Snoke in The Force Awakens
First appearance
The Force Awakens (2015)
Last appearance
The Last Jedi (2017)
Created by
Lawrence Kasdan
J. J. Abrams
Michael Arndt
Portrayed by
Andy Serkis
Information
Gender
Male
Affiliation
First Order
Title
Supreme Leader
Supreme Leader Snoke is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He is a CGI character voiced and performed by Andy Serkis. Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Snoke is the Supreme Leader of the First Order, a military junta resurrected from the fallen Galactic Empire, which seeks to reclaim control of the galaxy. Powerful with the Force, he seduces Ben Solo to the dark side by telling him that he can be the next Darth Vader, and Solo serves him as the commander Kylo Ren. In Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017), Ren assassinates Snoke, replacing him as Supreme Leader.
Contents
[hide]
1 Character
1.1 Development
1.2 Portrayal
1.3 Description
2 Appearances
2.1 The Force Awakens (2015)
2.1.1 Related works
2.2 The Last Jedi (2017)
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Character[edit]
Development[edit]
Snoke's appearance changed throughout principal photography and post-production of The Force Awakens. Serkis said, "It's the first time I've been on set not yet knowing what the character's gonna look like. I mean, talk about secrecy!" According to the actor, the character's appearance, voice, and movements evolved as he and the film's writer/director J. J. Abrams challenged the visual effects team.[1]
The Force Awakens senior sculptor Ivan Manzella wrote in The Art of Star Wars: The Force Awakens that "Snoke almost became a female at one point. J. J. picked out a maquette he liked and then we took it to a full-size version, sculpted in plasteline. J. J. and [creature creative supervisor Neal Scanlan] didn't want him to be old and decrepit, like the Emperor."[2]
Portrayal[edit]
Andy Serkis portrays Snoke in the Star Wars sequel trilogy.[3]
While Serkis secretly joined the project in February 2014,[4] his casting in The Force Awakens was first announced on April 29, 2014.[5][6] When asked about his role in July 2014, he joked, "I'm not Yoda."[7] In May 2015, a StarWars.com interview with photographer Annie Leibovitz about her The Force Awakens shoot for Vanity Fair revealed that Serkis would be playing a CGI character named Supreme Leader Snoke,[8] and featured an image of the actor in motion capture gear.[9] Serkis had previously played several CGI characters, including Gollum in The Lord of the Rings film series (2001–2003), the titular ape in 2005's King Kong, and Caesar in the Planet of the Apes reboot series.[8][10]
In November 2015, Serkis said of the process of creating Snoke:
When we first started working on it, [Abrams] had some rough notions of how Snoke was gonna look, but it really hadn't been fully-formed and it almost came out of discussion and performance ... We shot on set of course, and I was in the scenes I have with other actors, but the beauty of this process is you can go back and reiterate, keep informing and honing beats and moments. So J.J., after we shot last year, we've had a series of sessions where I'd be in London at The Imaginarium, my studio, while he’s been directing from L.A., and we've literally been creating further additions and iterations to the character. That's been fascinating. And in the meantime I've been able to see the look and design of the character grow and change as the performances change. So it's been really exciting in that respect.[1]
According to Serkis's costar Lupita Nyong'o, who played the CGI character Maz Kanata in The Force Awakens, the actor coached her on performance-capture work, telling Nyong'o that "a motion-capture character you develop the same way as any other. You have to understand who the character is and what makes them who they are."[11] Serkis said of filming:
It was quite an unusual situation. I worked specifically with Domhnall Gleeson and with Adam Driver. My first day was basically standing on a 25-foot podium doing Lord Snoke without the faintest idea what he looked like ... or in fact who he was! I was very high up, totally on my own, away from everybody else, but acting with them ... we used sort of a "Kongolizer" method of having sound come out of speakers to give a sense of scale and distance for the character. So it was very challenging and scary, in fact probably one of my most scary film experiences I’ve ever had.[12]
Description[edit]
Snoke, whom Abrams called "a powerful figure on the Dark Side of the Force", is the leader of the evil First Order.[13] He is master to the film's primary villain, Kylo Ren.[14] Serkis described Snoke as "quite an enigmatic character, and strangely vulnerable at the same time as being quite powerful. Obviously he has a huge agenda. He has suffered a lot of damage."[1] Serkis called Snoke "a new character in this universe", adding "I think it'd be fair to say that he is aware of the past to a great degree."[1]
Explaining why CGI was the only way to create Snoke's unique appearance, Serkis said before the film's premiere, "The scale of him, for instance, is one reason. He is large. He appears tall. And also just the facial design—you couldn't have gotten there with prosthetics ... he has a very distinctive, idiosyncratic bone and facial structure."[1] Chief of creature and droid effects Neal Scanlan said, "This character is much better executed as a CGI character. That's just a practical reality when he's 7-foot-something tall; he's very, very thin."[15] Snoke's "scarred, cavernous face" was not revealed before the release of the film, in which he appears as a "massive, ominous hologram".[16] The character's deep voice was first heard in the teaser trailer released on November 28, 2014.[1][17][18]
Robbie Collin of The Telegraph described the disfigured and skeletal Snoke as a "sepulchral horror",[19] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called him "hissing and grotesque",[20] and Andrew O'Hehir of Salon dubbed the character "a spectral demonic figure".[21] Variety's Justin Chang wrote that Snoke resembled "a plus-sized, more articulate Gollum",[22] and Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly described him as "essentially Emperor Palpatine crossed with one of the aliens from Close Encounters".[23] Stephanie Zacharek of Time called the character "a giant, scary, noseless dude who sits placidly in an oversized chair like a dark-lord version of the Lincoln Monument."[14]
There are multiple fan theories regarding the origins and identity of Snoke, including that he may be Darth Plagueis, a Sith Lord anecdotally mentioned in Revenge of the Sith and the master of Palpatine, possessing the power to prevent death;[24][25][26] "the Operator" Gallius Rax, a mysterious First Order manipulator from Chuck Wendig's Aftermath novel trilogy;[27] or Ezra Bridger, a main character from the animated series Star Wars Rebels.[28][29][30] Pablo Hidalgo of the Lucasfilm Story Group dismissed the Darth Plagueis theory in May 2016,[31] and Rax's death in the 2017 novel Aftermath: Empire's End disproved that theory as well.[32]
Appearances[edit]
The Force Awakens (2015)[edit]
In his first appearance in the film,[33] Snoke is introduced as Supreme Leader of the First Order, and master to Kylo Ren. Seduced to the dark side by Snoke, the masked Kylo is really Ben Solo, the son of Han Solo and Leia Organa. Snoke senses an "awakening" in the Force, and warns Ren that the limits of his power will be tested when he faces his father in pursuit of the wayward droid BB-8. Leia reveals to her estranged husband Han that it was Snoke's influence which corrupted their son. After Ren is defeated in a lightsaber duel with Rey, Snoke orders General Hux to collect Ren and ready him to complete his training.
Related works[edit]
Snoke appears in the 2015 novelization of The Force Awakens by Alan Dean Foster.[34] In the novel, Leia tells Han in more detail how Snoke, aware that their son would be "strong with the Force" and possess "equal potential for good or evil", had long watched Ben and manipulated events to draw him to the dark side.[35] An unplayable Lego minifigure version of Snoke appears in cutscenes in the 2016 video game Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
The Last Jedi (2017)[edit]
Following the events of The Force Awakens, Snoke reprimands Hux for his failings as a military leader, and Ren for his failure to find and kill Luke Skywalker. Ren brings Rey to Snoke, who tortures her for information on Luke's location. He reveals to Ren and Rey that he created the psychic bond between them as part of a plan to destroy Luke. Snoke then orders Ren to kill Rey, and gloats over his total control over his apprentice, only for Ren to use the Force to activate Luke's lightsaber, which Rey had been using, from a distance and slice Snoke in half with it, killing him.[36] After he and Rey defeat Snoke's Praetorian Guards, Ren declares himself the new Supreme Leader of the First Order, pinning Snoke's death on Rey to cover his actions.[37]
Reception[edit]
Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Supreme Leader Snoke is a larger-than-life, vaguely Harry Potter-ish hologram voiced with deep gravity by Andy Serkis; the full weight of this character's malignancy and dramatic power will presumably be better assessed in subsequent episodes."[38] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called Serkis "the undisputed champion of the performance-capture roles".[20] Though praising the "unobtrusive sophistication" of the visual effects used to portray the character, Variety's Justin Chang said that Serkis is "fine but not galvanizing" in the role.[22] Lindsay Bahr of the Associated Press deemed Snoke one of the "less memorable" characters in The Force Awakens.[39]
Serkis was nominated for an MTV Movie Award for Best Virtual Performance for the role.[40]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Breznican, Anthony (November 12, 2015). "Supreme Leader Snoke: Andy Serkis on the 'damaged' villain of Star Wars: The Force Awakens". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hawkes, Rebecca (January 5, 2016). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: 12 things they cut from the film". The Telegraph. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Serkis, Andy (December 15, 2015). "Andy Serkis' Supreme Leader Snoke Alternate Voices". TeamCoco (Interview). Interview with Conan O'Brien. TBS. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (April 30, 2014). "How Star Wars Director J.J. Abrams Kept the Cast Secret". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode VII Cast Announced". StarWars.com. April 29, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (April 29, 2014). "Star Wars: Episode VII Cast Finalized: John Boyega, Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, Oscar Isaac, Andy Serkis, Domhnall Gleeson & Max Von Sydow". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Karlin, Lily (July 11, 2014). "5 Things You Didn't Know About Andy Serkis, AKA Caesar From Dawn Of The Planet Of The Apes". The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Guerrasio, Jason (October 11, 2017). "Andy Serkis reveals how he came up with the voice of Snoke for the Star Wars movies". Business Insider. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Dan (May 28, 2015). "Capturing a Galaxy: An Interview with Annie Leibovitz". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ McLean, Craig (July 12, 2014). "The evolution of Andy Serkis". The Independent. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (November 12, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: J.J. Abrams reveals backstory of alien Maz Kanata". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Thrower, Emma (November 17, 2015). "Supreme Leader Snoke: Andy Serkis talks Star Wars' latest villain". Empire. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dyer, James (August 25, 2015). "JJ Abrams Spills Details On Kylo Ren". Empire. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Zacharek, Stephanie (December 15, 2015). "Review: The Force Awakens Is Everything You Could Hope for in a Star Wars Movie—and Less". Time. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Tauber, Chris (December 5, 2015). "Who's the Real Bad Guy in Star Wars: The Force Awakens?". People. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (January 2, 2016). "See exclusive new images of Maz Kanata and Supreme Leader Snoke from Star Wars: The Force Awakens". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schuth, Louie (May 28, 2015). "Andy Serkis' Star Wars: The Force Awakens character revealed". Hypable.com. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Andy (December 1, 2014). "Trailer Report: Star Wars Teaser Beats Age of Ultron In Debut". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Collin, Robbie (December 18, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens review: 'the magic is back'". The Telegraph. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Roeper, Richard (December 15, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: The thrills are strong with this one". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (December 16, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: You know all the spoilers in J.J. Abrams' obsessive reboot — because you've seen this movie before". Salon. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Justin (December 15, 2015). "J. J. Abrams' hugely anticipated blockbuster brings welcome jolts of energy, warmth and excitement back to the biggest franchise in movie history". Variety. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nashawaty, Chris (December 16, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: A 'rollicking adventure wrapped in epic mythology'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trumbore, Dave (December 21, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: Theories on Supreme Leader Snoke". Collider.com. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tremeer, Eleanor (December 28, 2015). "Supreme Leader Snoke's Role In Star Wars Episode 8 Revealed By John Williams?!". Moviepilot. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Maharana, Kabita (December 29, 2015). "Star Wars 8: Fan theories about Rey's origin and Supreme Leader Snoke's identity". International Business Times. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tremeer, Eleanor (August 29, 2016). "Supreme Leader Snoke Origins Revealed In Star Wars 7 Book Aftermath?". Moviepilot. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Myrick, Robert (January 22, 2016). "Why It Makes Sense For Star Wars Rebels' Ezra Bridger To Be Supreme Leader Snoke". Moviepilot. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Even More Evidence That Ezra From Star Wars: Rebels Is Supreme Leader Snoke". Moviepilot. July 18, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Williams, Claire. "TheoryLoop: Is Ezra Bridger really Supreme Leader Snoke?". Looper. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Lucas (May 10, 2016). "Star Wars Story Group Definitively Says Supreme Leader Snoke is Not Darth Plagueis". Comicbook.com. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Kate (March 7, 2017). "What the Aftermath Trilogy Tells About Star Wars: The Last Jedi". Screen Rant. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (November 12, 2015). "Supreme Leader Snoke: Andy Serkis on the 'damaged' villain of Star Wars: The Force Awakens". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Foster, Alan Dean (2015). "Chapter X". The Force Awakens (e-book). ISBN 978-1-101-96550-4.
Jump up ^ Foster (2015). "Chapter XIV". The Force Awakens.
Jump up ^ Bibbiani, William (December 21, 2017). "Star Wars: The Last Jedi director explains Snoke's big scene". IGN. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Harrison, George (December 19, 2017). "Who is Supreme Leader Snoke, does he die in Star Wars The Last Jedi, is Kylo Ren his apprentice and is he Darth Plagueis?". The Sun. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Todd (December 16, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bahr, Lindsey (December 16, 2015). "Review: Star Wars: The Force Awakens Is Fun Fan Service". Tribune-Star. Associated Press. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lovett, Jamie (March 8, 2016). "Deadpool, Avengers, And Star Wars Nominated For MTV Movie Awards". Comicbook.com. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
External links[edit]
Supreme Leader Snoke in the StarWars.com Databank
Snoke on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
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Kim Matula
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kim Matula
Kim Matula at the 2014 Daytime Emmy Nominees Reception
Born
Kimberly Marie Matula
(1988-08-23) August 23, 1988 (age 29)
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
Other names
Kim Matula
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2006–present
Known for
Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful
Kimberly Marie Matula (born August 23, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.
Contents
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Life and career[edit]
Matula was born in Fort Worth, Texas to David and Karin Matula. She is of Norwegian ancestry.[citation needed] Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting. She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington, but dropped out because her acting career was taking off.[1] In 2008, Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie Queen Sized, and in next year moved to Los Angeles, then in 2010, she landed the role of Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.[1][2]
In 2014, Matula was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series.[3] In her two final years on the soap, Matula's character had major storylines. In November 2014, it was announced that Matula had not renewed her contract and would be departing the series for a career in primetime television and film.[4][5]
In 2016, Matula joined the cast of the second season of the critically acclaimed Lifetime dark comedy-drama series, Unreal.[6]
As of 2018[update] she has a leading role in the Fox comedy series LA to Vegas.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2006 Savage Spirit Megan
2008 Queen Sized Tara Television film
2009 How I Met Your Mother Girl Episode: "Definitions"
2010–2014, 2015, 2016 The Bold and the Beautiful Hope Logan Series regular: January 11, 2010 – December 12, 2014
Guest: April 17 and 20, 2015 and March 16, 2016
Nominated — Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series (2014)
2010 Crown thy Good Claire Short film
2010 Spilt Milk Sabrina
2010 Cool Wheels Stacy McFuggins Short film
2011 The Defenders Mia Episode: "Nevada v. Doug the Mule"
2014 Broken Strings Wind / Heidi Lewis Short film
2014 Dawn Patrol Donna
2014 Almost Royal Herself Episode: "Los Angeles"
2015 Maybe Someday Lacey
2016 UnReal Tiffany Series regular (Season 2)
2018 LA to Vegas Veronica "Ronnie" Messing Main role
2019 Fighting with My Family Jeri-Lynn
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Kim Matula 411". Soap Opera Digest. 2010-01-11. Archived from the original on 2014-08-18. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
Jump up ^ "Kimberly Matula Playing Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful - Soaps.com". Soaps.sheknows.com. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
Jump up ^ "The 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Emmy Award Nominations". New York: emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. May 1, 2014. Archived from the original on June 23, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "No Hope For The Future: Kim Matula Quits The Bold and The Beautiful!". Daytime Confidential. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kim Matula Leaving The Bold and the Beautiful!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth Wagmeister. "'UnReal' Season 2 Cast: Meagan Tandy & Kim Matula to Play Contestants - Variety". Variety. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kimberly Matula.
Kim Matula on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Matula&oldid=854271888"
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Reference group
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A reference group is a group to which an individual or another group is compared.
Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group.
Reference groups are used in order to evaluate and determine the nature of a given individual or other group's characteristics and sociological attributes. It is the group to which the individual relates or aspires to relate himself or herself psychologically. It becomes the individual's frame of reference and source for ordering his or her experiences, perceptions, cognition, and ideas of self. It is important for determining a person's self-identity, attitudes, and social ties. It becomes the basis of reference in making comparisons or contrasts and in evaluating one's appearance and performance.
Reference groups provide the benchmarks and contrast needed for comparison and evaluation of group and personal characteristics. Robert K. Merton hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires.[1]
Reference groups are groups that people refer to when evaluating their [own] qualities, circumstances, attitudes, values and behaviors.
—  William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, Society in Focus, 2005.[2]
Reference groups act as a frame of reference to which people always refer to evaluate their achievements, their role performance, aspirations and ambitions. A reference group can be either from a membership group or non-membership group. An example of a reference group being used would be the determination of affluence. An individual in the U.S. with an annual income of $80,000, may consider himself affluent if he compares himself to those in the middle of the income strata, who earn roughly $32,000 a year.[3] If, however, the same person considers the relevant reference group to be those in the top 0.1% of households in the US, those making $1.6 million or more, then the individual's income of $80,000 would make him or her seem rather poor.[4][5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gerald Holton (4 December 2004). "Robert K. Merton - Biographical Memoirs" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 148 (4): 506–517. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2007-08-07. He developed a theory of the reference group (i.e., the group to which individuals compare themselves, which is not necessarily a group to which those individuals belong), and elaborated on the concepts of in-group and out-group. For any group of people there are always other groups whom they look upon to and aspire to be like them.
Jump up ^ Thompson, William; Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.
Jump up ^ "US Census Bureau, personal income distribution, age 25+, 2006". Retrieved 2006-12-28.
Jump up ^ Ehrenreich, Barbara (1989). Fear of Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class. New York, NY: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-097333-1.
Jump up ^ "New York Times quote, households with incomes of over 1.6 million". Retrieved 2006-12-28.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reference_group&oldid=759759014"
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