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Gnomeo & Juliet
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Gnomeo & Juliet
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Kelly Asbury
Produced by
Baker Bloodworth
David Furnish
Steve Hamilton Shaw
Screenplay by
John R. Smith
Rob Sprackling (Original)
Kelly Asbury
Mark Burton
Andy Riley
Kevin Cecil
Emily Cook
Kathy Greenberg
Steve Hamilton Shaw
Story by
Kelly Asbury
John R. Smith
Rob Sprackling
Andy Riley
Kevin Cecil
Steve Hamilton Shaw
Based on
Romeo and Juliet
by William Shakespeare
Starring
James McAvoy
Emily Blunt
Michael Caine
Maggie Smith
Jason Statham
Jim Cummings
Matt Lucas
Patrick Stewart
Ashley Jensen
Stephen Merchant
Dolly Parton
Ozzy Osbourne
Music by
Elton John (songs)
Chris P. Bacon
James Newton Howard (score)
Edited by
Catherine Apple
Production
company
Touchstone Pictures[1]
Rocket Pictures[1]
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Entertainment One Films[2][3]
(United Kingdom)
Release date
January 23, 2011 (2011-01-23) (Hollywood premiere)
February 11, 2011 (2011-February-11) (US and UK)
Running time
85 minutes[2]
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$36 million[4]
Box office
$194 million[5]
Gnomeo & Juliet is a 2011 British-American 3D computer-animated fantasy romantic comedy family film loosely based on William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. Financed by Disney[6] and released through its Touchstone Pictures banner,[7] the film was independently produced by Rocket Pictures and animated by Starz Animation.[6] It was written and directed by Kelly Asbury, and the two title characters are voiced by James McAvoy and Emily Blunt.
The film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on January 23, 2011. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom and United States on February 11, 2011.[2][8] Despite mixed reviews, the film earned $194 million on a $36 million budget. The film received nominations for the Satellite Award for Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, the Critics' Choice Award for Best Song and the Annie Award for Directing in a Feature Production, Storyboarding in a Feature Production, Voice Acting in a Feature Production and Writing in a Feature Production.
A sequel, Sherlock Gnomes, will be released in 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
4.2 Musicians
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
7 Sequel
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Mrs. Montague and Mr. Capulet (Julie Walters and Richard Wilson) are two elderly neighbours who despise each other. When they leave their respective gardens, their garden gnomes and other lawn ornaments come alive. The Montague garden is filled with blue-hat gnomes led by Lady Bluebury (Maggie Smith), and the Capulet garden has red-hat gnomes led by Lord Redbrick (Michael Caine). Like their human gardeners, the gnomes also despise each other.
The gnomes hold a back alley lawnmower race, with Lady Bluebury's son Gnomeo (James McAvoy) driving for the blues and Tybalt (Jason Statham) for the reds. Tybalt cheats to win the race, destroying Gnomeo's lawnmower. Gnomeo and his best friend, Benny (Matt Lucas), are disappointed to see Mrs. Montague ordering a new "Kitty Clipper" lawnmower to replace it.
That night, Gnomeo and Benny infiltrate the red garden in black disguise. Benny sprays Tybalt's well and accidentally triggers a security light. During the escape Gnomeo ends up in a nearby garden where he bumps into a disguised Juliet (Emily Blunt), the daughter of Lord Redbrick. Juliet is attempting to retrieve a unique orchid, and the two romantically fight over it. They each discover the other's color before fleeing the garden. When they both go back to their own gardens, Juliet tells her frog-sprinkler friend Nanette (Ashley Jensen) about her newfound love. Nanette states that the relationship is a romantically tragic.
Gnomeo and Juliet have secret meetings in the nearby garden, where they meet a pink plastic flamingo named Featherstone (Jim Cummings) who encourages their love. Lord Redbrick pairs Juliet with a Red Gnome named Paris (Stephen Merchant), but Juliet isn't interested in him and distracts him with Nanette who has feelings for him.
Lady Bluebury is distraught after the reds infiltrate the garden and destroy the plant nurtured by Gnomeo's late father. The blues want Gnomeo to take revenge on the reds, and he realizes that he cannot refuse unless he tells his secret. Just as he is about to spray the prized tulips of the reds, Juliet sees him and he backs out of the attack.
When he and Juliet meet up again, they argue until Featherstone stops them, telling them he lost his wife when the couple living in the house, where the garden is, broke up and never saw each other again. Benny sees them and runs into the alleyway, where Tybalt is waiting with his lawnmower, attempting to run Benny down and chops off his hat. Gnomeo intervenes, and he and Tybalt fight on the red lawnmower until the lawnmower runs into the wall. Gnomeo jumps off at the last minute, but Tybalt crashes into the wall, causing him to fracture and break himself. The reds attempt to attack Gnomeo, thinking that Tybalt died because of him, but Juliet, to the surprise of her clan, defends Gnomeo, saying that she loves him. Gnomeo ends up on a road, and everyone believes he was run over by a truck. Lord Redbrick has the other red gnomes glue Juliet's feet to her fountain because he does not want to lose her like he lost her mother.
Shroom, Gnomeo's mushroom friend finds out that Gnomeo is still alive (A blue teapot fell out of the truck that 'ran him over', which all the gnomes came to believe was Gnomeo), as he eventually reaches a park where he climbs onto a statue of William Shakespeare (Patrick Stewart) and tells him his story. Shakespeare tells Gnomeo that his story is very similar to Romeo and Juliet and that it is likely Gnomeo's will have a sad ending as well.
Benny gets onto Mrs Montague's computer and changes her lawnmower order to a powerful Terrafirminator unit, intending to get revenge on the reds. However, the Terrafirminator goes out of control, destroys most of the two gardens, and gets itself stuck while the gnomes wage a full-scale war. Gnomeo returns to Juliet with the help of Featherstone. However, when he arrives, the Terrafirminator frees itself, sending it flying. Gnomeo tries to un-glue Juliet, but is unable to. She tells him to go, but he refuses. The two share a passionate kiss just as the lawnmower crashes into the fountain, self-destructing in the process. When everyone believes that both are dead, Lord Redbrick and Lady Bluebury decide to end the feud. Miraculously, Gnomeo and Juliet emerge from the ruins and the two clans celebrate.
The film ends happily with the red and blue gnomes finally coming together to celebrate their newfound peace. Tybalt is revealed to still be alive having been glued back together, Featherstone is reunited with his wife after Benny finds and orders her online, Gnomeo and Juliet are married on a purple lawnmower, which symbolizes the new union of both gnome clans.
Cast[edit]
James McAvoy as Gnomeo; a blue gnome counterpart to Romeo Montague.
Emily Blunt as Juliet; a red gnome counterpart to Juliet Capulet.
Michael Caine as Lord Redbrick, the leader of the red gnomes and Juliet's overprotective widower father; counterpart to Lord Capulet.
Maggie Smith as Lady Bluebury, the leader of the blue gnomes and Gnomeo's widowed mother; counterpart to Lady Montague.
Jason Statham as Tybalt; a red gnome counterpart to Tybalt.
Ashley Jensen as Nanette, a Scottish-accented plastic garden frog and Juliet's best friend; counterpart to Nurse.
Matt Lucas as Benny, Gnomeo's impulsive and tall-hatted best friend; counterpart to Benvolio.
Stephen Merchant as Paris, a nerdy red gnome who was arranged to marry Juliet; counterpart to Count Paris.
Patrick Stewart as the statue of William Shakespeare.
Ozzy Osbourne as Fawn, a garden deer and Tybalt's best friend; counterpart to Peter.
Jim Cummings as Featherstone, a lonely plastic flamingo with a thick Spanish accent; counterpart to Friar Laurence.
Hulk Hogan as Terrafirminator Announcer.
Julie Walters as Ms. Montague, the elderly owner of the Blue garden.
Richard Wilson as Mr. Capulet, the elderly owner of the Red garden.
Kelly Asbury as Red Goon Gnomes; counterparts to Gregory, Sampson, Anthony, and Potpan.
Shroom, a silent mushroom and Gnomeo’s friend/pet; counterpart to Romeo's servant Balthasar.
The Bunnies, a group of small, cement bunnies that act as servants for Lady Bluebury and others in the Blue Garden; counterparts to Abram and other miscellaneous servants of the Montagues.
Dolly Parton as Dolly Gnome, the lawnmower race announcer.
Julia Braams as Stone Fish, a stone fish that attached to the Fishing Gnome. In the end, it is seen being dragged by Gnomeo and Juliet's purple lawnmower.
James Daniel Wilson as Fishing Gnome, a red gnome.
Tim Bentinck as Conjoined Gnome Left, a red gnome.
Julio Bonet as Mankini Gnome, a red gnome.
Neil McCaul as Conjoined Gnome Right, a red gnome.
Maurissa Horwitz as Call Me Doll, Benny's newfound girlfriend.
John Todd as Dancer.
There is no counterpart for Mercutio, as stated by James McAvoy in an interview with NBC, ”Gnomeo in this is a little bit of amalgamation between Romeo and Mercutio. We don’t have that Mercutio character in this. We don’t have that leader of the pack, which Romeo isn’t but Gnomeo is a little bit."[9] Prince Escalus also doesn't have a counterpart.
Production[edit]
The film was the original idea of Sprackling and Smith, who sold the spec script to Disney through Rocket Pictures. Disney studio chairman Dick Cook greenlit the film, under the Disney-owned Miramax Films.[10] Miramax was later sold by Disney in 2010, but the latter studio retained the rights to the film.[1] Disney then opted to release the film through its Touchstone Pictures banner, when Starz Animation decided to produce and animate the film. Disney Australian director Adam Elliot was approached and asked to direct the film, but he rejected the offer due the film's incompatibility with his style, as well as his lack of experience with CGI.[11] Starz Animation Toronto (which also made 9) produced all of the animation for the film, including the stereoscopic version.
Asbury got on board in 2006, and was attracted the movie in order to work with Elton John. [12] Asbury and Hamilton Shaw then rewrote the film " sort of from scratch," [12] A particular challenge, according to Asbury was how to differentiate the ending between the original play and the movie in order to "keep daggers and poison and suicide out".[12] Ashbury had free range of the casting and conducted the process only through listening to voices, not knowing which actor was auditioning until he felt they were right for the character. [12] Prior to the casting of James McAvoy and Emily Blunt, the roles of Gnomeo and Juliet were to be voiced by Ewan McGregor and Kate Winslet, respectively.[13]
Soundtrack[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet (Original Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Elton John
Released
February 8, 2011 (2011-02-08)
Recorded
2009-2010
Genre
Orchestral, pop, rock
Length
60:24
Label
Buena Vista
Producer
Elton John and David Furnish
Elton John chronology
The Union
(2010)The Union2010 Gnomeo & Juliet Soundtrack
(2011) Good Morning to the Night
(2012)Good Morning to the Night2012
Gnomeo & Juliet: Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack album and was released by Buena Vista Records on February 8, 2011.[14] It features music by Elton John (who was also the film's executive producer), Nelly Furtado, Kiki Dee, and selections from the score composed by Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard (who played keyboards for Elton John and arranged strings on many previous projects).
The duet of John and Lady Gaga for "Hello, Hello" was featured in the film, released on February 11, 2011, but the soundtrack version only features John.[15] Additionally, on May 4, 2011 the duet was leaked online and available for download on most sharing websites.
Track listing[edit]
"Hello Hello" (Album Version) – Elton John
"Crocodile Rock" – Nelly Furtado & Elton John
"Saturday Night's Alright For Fighting" – Elton John
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" – Elton John & Kiki Dee
"Love Builds a Garden" – Elton John
"Your Song" – Elton John
"Rocket Man" – Elton John
"Tiny Dancer" – Elton John
"Bennie and the Jets" – Elton John
"Gnomeo & Juliet (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Dandelions (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Bennie and the Bunnies (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Terrafirminator (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"The Tiki Tiki Tiki Room" – Wally Boag, Thurl Ravenscroft, Fulton Burley & The Mellomen
Track 1-9: Original lyrics by Bernie Taupin, all music by Elton John & band.
Track 10: Written by James Newton Howard, contains music by Elton John.
Track 11 & 13: Written by James Newton Howard & Chris P. Bacon, contains music by Elton John.
Track 12: Written by James Newton Howard & Stuart Michael Thomas, contains music by Elton John.
Track 14: Written by Robert & Richard Sherman.
Musicians[edit]
Elton John & band:
Elton John: Piano, vocals
Davey Johnstone: Guitars, backing vocals
Bob Birch: Bass, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson: Drums, backing vocals
John Mahon: Percussion, backing vocals
James Newton Howard: Keyboards
Release[edit]
Gnomeo and Juliet's worldwide premiere was at El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on January 23, 2011.[16] The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures under the Touchstone Pictures banner on February 11, 2011.[1] The film was Touchstone's first animated film since 1993's The Nightmare Before Christmas and also Touchstone's first and, so far, only film to receive a G rating from the MPAA, despite some mild language. The film was distributed in the United Kingdom and Canada by Entertainment One Films.[3] Elton John and director Asbury presented 10 minutes of the film at the Cannes Film Festival.[17]
Home media[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on May 24, 2011.[18][19] The film was produced as three different packages: a 1-disc DVD, a 2-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, and a 3-disc Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD combo pack. The 3-disc package also includes access to a digital download of the film.[20] Both the DVD and Blu-ray versions of the release include the music video for Elton John and Nelly Furtado's version of John's "Crocodile Rock", as well as the extras "Elton Builds a Garden" and "Frog Talk" with Ashley Jensen.[21] In addition, the Blu-ray version also has several deleted and alternate scenes, as well as a feature with Ozzy Osbourne called "The Fawn of Darkness".[22]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet received generally mixed reviews. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 55% of professional critics gave positive reviews based on 117 reviews with an average rating of 5.6/10.[23] Its consensus states "While it has moments of inspiration, Gnomeo & Juliet is often too self-referential for its own good".[23] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a 53 rating based on 28 reviews on its review scale.[24]
Box office[edit]
Gnomeo and Juliet earned about $100 million in North America and $94 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $194 million.[5] Gnomeo & Juliet was ultimately a sleeper hit for Disney, outperforming the much higher-budgeted (and eventual box office bomb)[25] Mars Needs Moms the studio released a month following Gnomeo & Juliet. On its first weekend, the film had a worldwide opening of $30.7 million, finishing in second place behind Just Go with It ($35.8 million).[26][27] However, on its second weekend —Presidents' Day weekend— it topped the worldwide box office (although not being in first place either in North America[28] or overseas[29]) with $29.8 million, ahead of Unknown which ranked second ($26.4 million).
It opened in 2,994 theaters in North America on Friday, February 11, 2011, grossing $6.2 million on its first day and ranking third behind Justin Bieber: Never Say Never and Just Go with It. It then finished the weekend with $25.4 million in third place.[30] However, it scored the largest opening weekend ever for an animated feature released during the winter period (both January and February). It also made the largest debut on record for a minor animated movie (i.e., one with little status, expectations and/or built-in audience), according to Box Office Mojo.[31] With a $99.97 million total it became the highest-grossing animated feature among those released in winter, until it was surpassed by The Lego Movie in 2014.[32]
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta, it topped the weekend box office by earning £2.9 million ($4.7 million) on its opening. In total it has grossed $25.3 million, making the UK the only market, except North America, where it grossed more than $10 million.[33]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Result
Annie Awards[34] Directing in a Feature Production Kelly Asbury Nominated
Storyboarding in a Feature Production Nelson Yokota Nominated
Voice Acting in a Feature Production Jim Cummings Nominated
Writing in a Feature Production Andy Riley, Kevin Cecil, Mark Burton, Kathy Greenburg, Emily Cook, Rob Sprackling, John R. Smith, Kelly Asbury, Steve Hamilton Shaw Nominated
Critics' Choice Awards[35] Best Song Hello Hello, performed by Elton John and Lady Gaga/written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[36] Best Original Song "Hello Hello" Nominated
Satellite Awards[37] Original Song "Hello Hello" Nominated
Sequel[edit]
In March 2012, it was reported that a sequel titled Sherlock Gnomes is in development at Rocket Pictures. Andy Riley and Kevin Cecil, two of the nine writers on the first film, are writing the script for the sequel. Steve Hamilton Shaw and David Furnish are producing the film, and Elton John, an exec producer, is again composing new songs for the film. The film will feature Sherlock Gnomes, "the greatest ornamental detective" hired by the characters from the first film, who will try to solve the mystery of disappearing gnomes.[38] In September 2012, it was reported that John Stevenson, the director of Kung Fu Panda, has been set to direct the sequel.[39] In November 2015, it was announced that Johnny Depp would voice Sherlock Gnomes and that the film is scheduled for release on January 12, 2018.[40] Paramount Animation and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer will produce the film, with McAvoy and Blunt reprising their roles.[41] On May 26, 2017, Paramount delayed the film's release date to March 23, 2018.[42]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)". British Film Institute. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gnomeo & Juliet (2D)". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved May 27, 2014. 83m 45s
^ Jump up to: a b Vlessing, Etan (May 23, 2011). "Film and TV Focus Lifts Entertainment One Profits". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 28, 2015. Among Entertainment One’s movie releases was Gnomeo & Juliet 3D released in Canada and Britain,...
Jump up ^ Screened Forums - Gnomeo and Juliet
^ Jump up to: a b "Gnomeo and Juliet". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Desowitz, Bill (February 11, 2011). "Cultivating 'Gnomeo & Juliet'". Animated World Network. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Day, Patrick Kevin (February 11, 2011). "Critical Mass: 'Gnomeo & Juliet'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A dazzling Emily Blunt has the white stuff at the Hollywood premiere of Gnomeo and Juliet". Daily Mail Online. January 24, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Huver, Scott. "Emily Blunt and James MacAvoy on the Terror of Gnomes". NBC.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 6, 2015). "Johnny Depp Lending His Voice To Paramount/MGM Sequel 'Sherlock Gnomes'". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Adam Elliot, writer/director/designer of Mary and Max". Crickey.com.au. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Eisenberg, Eric. "Exclusive Interview: Gnomeo And Juliet Director Kelly Asbury". Cinemablend. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Reynolds, Simon. "Gnomeo & Juliet". Digital Spy. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buena Vista Records to Release Gnomeo & Juliet Original Soundtrack 2/8". PR Newsire. January 25, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga, Elton John Duet Won't Appear On 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Soundtrack". Billboard.com. Associated Press. February 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "A dazzling Emily Blunt has the white stuff at the Hollywood premiere of Gnomeo and Juliet". Daily Mail Online. January 24, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Elton John in Cannes to promote Gnomeo And Juliet". Citizenside.com. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ McCutcheon, David (April 1, 2011). "Gnomeo & Juliet Get Together". IGN. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Grabert, Jessica (April 3, 2011). "Gnomeo & Juliet Rushing Out Of Theaters And On To DVD". Cinema Blend. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Propst, Andy (April 1, 2011). "Gnomeo and Juliet, Featuring Elton John Songs, Set for May 24 DVD Release". Theater Mania. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gnomeo & Juliet Announced and Detailed for Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D". High-Def Digest. April 4, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ribera, J.C. (April 2, 2011). "Disney Brings Gnomeo & Juliet to Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gnomeo and Juliet Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gnomeo and Juliet Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ben Riley-Smith (March 21, 2011). "'Mars Needs Moms': does flop mean 3D is history?". thefirstpost.co.uk. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 11–13, 2011 Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 18–20, 2011". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 11–13, 2011". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (February 13, 2011). "'Just,' 'Justin,' 'Juliet' Jumpin'". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Animation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "GNOMEO AND JULIET". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (February 4, 2012). "'Rango' Wins Annie Award for Best Animated Feature". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Karger, Dave (December 13, 2011). "'The Artist' and 'Hugo' lead Broadcast Film Critics nominations". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Golden Globes 2012: The Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. January 15, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2011". International Press Academy. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (March 8, 2012). "Rocket Pictures Plots 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Sequel, With New Tunes By Elton John". Deadline. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (September 5, 2012). "John Stevenson Tapped To Direct 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Sequel 'Sherlock Gnomes'". Deadline. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Will (November 7, 2015). "Johnny Depp takes lead in Sherlock Gnomes". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ CS (November 10, 2015). "Paramount Animation Announces Release Dates". comingsoon.net. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Greg Evans (May 26, 2017). "Paramount Nudges 'Sherlock Gnomes' To Later Release Date". Deadline. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gnomeo & Juliet
Gnomeo & Juliet on IMDb
Gnomeo & Juliet at AllMovie
Gnomeo & Juliet at Box Office Mojo
Gnomeo & Juliet at Rotten Tomatoes
Gnomeo & Juliet at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley
Television shows
The Armando Iannucci Shows
Robbie the Reindeer
Hyperdrive
The Great Outdoors
Radio
The 99p Challenge
Movies by Andy Riley
Gnomeo & Juliet
Books by Andy Riley
The Book of Bunny Suicides
Return of the Bunny Suicides
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Kelly Asbury
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002)
Shrek 2 (2004)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Characters
Romeo
Juliet
Mercutio
Tybalt
Benvolio
Friar Laurence
Nurse
Paris
Rosaline
Queen Mab
Atomy
Sources
The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet
Pyramus and Thisbe
Palace of Pleasure
Troilus and Criseyde
Ballets
Romeo and Juliet (1938, Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (1962, Cranko)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, MacMillan)
Romeo and Juliet (1977, Nureyev)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, Lavery)
Radio and Juliet (2005)
Romeo + Juliet (2007, Martins)
Romeo and Juliet (2008, Pastor)
Operas
Romeo und Julie (1776, Benda)
Giulietta e Romeo (1796, Zingarelli)
Giulietta e Romeo (1825, Vaccai)
I Capuleti e i Montecchi (1830, Bellini)
Gloria (1874, Cilea)
Roméo et Juliette (1867, Gounod)
A Village Romeo and Juliet (1907, Delius)
Romeo und Julia (1940, Sutermeister)
Musicals
The Belle of Mayfair (1906)
West Side Story (1957)
Once on This Island (1990)
Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine à l'Amour (2001)
Giulietta e Romeo (2007)
Classical
Beethoven's String Quartet No. 1 (c. 1800)
Roméo et Juliette (1839, Berlioz)
Romeo and Juliet (1870, Tchaikovsky)
On screen
1900
1908
1916 Metro Pictures
1916 Fox
1936
1953
1954
1955
1968
1978 (TV)
1992 (TV)
1996
2006
2007
2013
Film
adaptations
English
Beneath the 12-Mile Reef (1953)
Romanoff and Juliet (1961)
West Side Story (1961)
Gonks Go Beat (1965)
Lonesome Cowboys (1968)
Romie-0 and Julie-8 (TV; 1979)
The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (1982)
Valley Girl (1983)
Bullies (1986)
China Girl (1987)
Romeo.Juliet (1990)
Tromeo and Juliet (1996)
Love Is All There Is (1996)
Rose by Any Other Name... (1997)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (1999)
Romeo Must Die (2000)
Brooklyn Babylon (2001)
Pizza My Heart (TV; 2005)
West Bank Story (2005)
Life and Lyrics (2006)
Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss (2006)
Rome & Jewel (2006)
David & Fatima (2008)
The Cross Road (2008)
Vicious Circle (2008)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Private Romeo (2011)
Warm Bodies (2013)
Make Your Move (2013)
Romeo & Juliet (2013)
Foreign
Ambikapathy (Tamil 1937)
Romeo and Juliet (Spanish 1940)
Les amants de Vérone (French 1949)
Romeo, Juliet and Darkness (Czech 1960)
Los Tarantos (Spanish 1963)
Fury of Johnny Kid (Italian 1967)
Ma che musica maestro (Italian 1971)
Maro Charitra (Telugu 1978)
Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta (Portuguese 1979)
Ek Duuje Ke Liye (Hindi 1981)
The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (Japanese 1981)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (Hindi 1988)
Saudagar (Hindi 1991)
The Phantom Lover (Mandarin 1995)
30:e november (Swedish/Spanish 1995)
Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (Telugu 1996)
Chicken Rice War (Cantonese/English 2000)
Kalisundam Raa (Telugu 2000)
Kuch Tum Kaho Kuch Hum Kahein (Hindi 2002)
Bollywood Queen (English/Hindi 2002)
Amar te duele (Spanish 2002)
Ondagona Baa (Kannada 2003)
Mamay (Ukrainian 2003)
The District! (Hungarian 2004)
O Casamento de Romeu e Julieta (Portuguese 2005)
In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet (2006)
The Bubble (Hebrew/Arabic 2006)
Maro Charitra (Telugu 2010)
Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (Hindi 2013)
Issaq (Hindi 2013)
Priyatama (Marathi 2014)
Arshinagar (Bengali 2015)
Eeda (Malayalam 2017)
TV series
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List of circumnavigations
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The Magellan–Elcano voyage was the first world circumnavigation in history. Victoria, one of the original five ships, led by Elcano, circumnavigated the globe, finishing 16 months after Magellan's death.
This is a list of circumnavigations of the planet Earth. Sections are ordered by ascending date of completion of voyage.
Contents
[hide]
1 Global circumnavigations
1.1 Seacraft
1.1.1 16th century
1.1.2 17th century
1.1.3 18th century
1.1.4 19th century
1.1.5 20th century
1.1.6 21st century
1.1.7 Fastest nautical circumnavigations of the globe
1.2 Aircraft
1.3 Spacecraft
1.4 Mixed transportation (including on foot and various other human powered)
2 Significant non-global circumnavigations
2.1 Seacraft
3 Fictional circumnavigations
4 See also
5 Notes and references
Global circumnavigations[edit]
Seacraft[edit]
16th century[edit]
The 18 survivors, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, of Ferdinand Magellan's Castilian ('Spanish') expedition (which began with 5 ships and 270 men); 1519–1522; westward from Spain; in Victoria. After Magellan was killed by people of the Philippines Lapu-Lapu on 27 April 1521, the circumnavigation was completed under the command of the Basque Spanish seafarer Juan Sebastián Elcano who returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain, on 6 September 1522, after a journey of 3 years and 1 month.[1] These men were the first to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition.
The survivors of García Jofre de Loaísa's Spanish expedition 1525–1536 including Andrés de Urdaneta; westward from Spain. None of Loaísa's seven ships completed the voyage, but Santa María de la Victoria reached the Moluccas before being wrecked in a Portuguese attack. Successive chiefs of the expedition (Loaísa, Elcano, Salazar, Iñiguez, De la Torre) died during the voyages. Andrés de Urdaneta and other fellow men survived, reaching the Spice Islands in 1526, to be taken prisoner by the Portuguese. Urdaneta and a few of his men returned to Spain in 1536 aboard Portuguese ships via India, the Cape of Good Hope and Portugal, and completed the second world circumnavigation in history.
Francis Drake; 1577–1580; westward from England; in Golden Hind; discovered the Drake Passage but entered the Pacific via the Strait of Magellan; first English circumnavigation and the second carried out in a single expedition. Drake was the first to complete a circumnavigation as captain while leading the expedition throughout the entire circumnavigation.
Martín Ignacio de Loyola; 1580–1584; westward from Spain.
Thomas Cavendish; 1586–1588; westward from England; in Desire.
Martín Ignacio de Loyola; 1585–1589; eastward from Spain (via Macau, China, and Acapulco, Mexico); First person to circumnavigate the world twice, first one to circumnavigate eastwards and both westwards and eastwards (1580–1584 westward and 1585–1589 eastward), and first to use overland routes in his circumnavigation.
João da Gama; 1584 (or 1585)–1590; eastward from Portugal; from Lisbon to India, Malacca, Macau (China) and Japan. Gama crossed the Pacific at a higher northern latitude; was taken prisoner in Mexico and carried in Spanish ships to the Iberian Peninsula. One of the first to do eastwards, mostly by sea.
17th century[edit]
The survivors of the expedition of Jacques Mahu; 1598–1601; westward from Holland; Of Mahu's five ships only two returned.
The survivors of the expedition of Olivier van Noort; 1598–1601; westward from Holland; Of Van Noort's four ships only two returned.
Francesco Carletti (it); Florentine merchant; 1594–1602; westward from Italy; travelled across the American continent overland, through Panama. All Carletti's other travel was by sea until he ended in the Netherlands; he travelled from there overland back to Italy. Carletti was perhaps the first to travel all legs as a passenger, not as a ship's officer or a crew member. Carletti described his journey in his autobiography, "My Voyage Around the World", translated into various languages.
Joris van Spilbergen; 1614–1617; westward from Holland.
Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire; 1615–1617; westward from Holland; in Eendraght; Discovered Cape Horn and the first expedition to enter the Pacific via the Drake Passage.
Jacques l'Hermite and John Hugo Schapenham; 1623–1626; westward from Holland.
Pedro Cubero; 1670–1679; eastward from Spain; the first maritime circumnavigation including significant travel overland.
William Dampier (English); 1679–1691; westward from England.
Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri; 1693–1698; eastward from Naples; the first tourist to circumnavigate the globe, paying his own way on multiple voyages, crossing Mexico on land.
18th century[edit]
William Funnell (English); 1703–1706.[2]
William Dampier (English); 1703–1706.[2]
Woodes Rogers (English); 1708–1711; with the Duke and the Duchess; He rescued Alexander Selkirk on Juan Fernandez on 31 January 1709. Selkirk had been stranded there for four years.
William Dampier (English); 1708–1711; First person to circumnavigate the world three times (1679–1691, 1703–1707 and 1708–1711).
George Anson, 1st Baron Anson; 1740–1744; in HMS Centurion.
John Byron; 1764–1766; in HMS Dolphin.
Samuel Wallis and Philip Carteret; 1766–1768; in HMS Dolphin and HMS Swallow; Carteret had served on Byron's expedition. Dolphin was the first ship to survive two circumnavigations.
Louis de Bougainville; 1766–1769; On board was Jeanne Baré, disguised as a man, the first woman to circumnavigate the globe; first French circumnavigation.
James Cook; 1768–1771; in HMS Endeavour; The first circumnavigation to lose no personnel to scurvy.
Tobias Furneaux; 1772–1774; in HMS Adventure (Furneaux was a veteran of Byron's expedition.).
James Cook; 1772–1775; in HMS Resolution.
Alessandro Malaspina; 1776–1778.
George Dixon and Nathaniel Portlock; 1785–1788; in Queen Charlotte and King George respectively; early pioneers of the Maritime Fur Trade between the Pacific Northwest and China.
Robert Gray; 1787–1790; first American circumnavigation.
19th century[edit]
Ignacio Maria de Alava; 1795–1803; in Montañés, flagship of a Spanish Navy squadron.
Adam Johann von Krusenstern and Yuri Lisyansky; 1803–1806; the first Russian circumnavigation.
Hipolito Bouchard; 1817–1819; in La Argentina (Corsair Ship, Frigate); from Buenos Aires (Argentina, South America) via Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar, Java, Philippines, Hawaii, California, El Salvador, Valparaiso (Chile). The first Argentine to circumnavigate the world.
Faddey Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev; 1819–1821; the first circumnavigation mostly between 60° and 70° S, discovered Antarctica and the first islands south of the Antarctic Circle.
HMS Warspite; 1826–1828; as part of her assuming the role of the flagship of the South American station squadron, from England via Cape of Good Hope, Burma, Australia and Brazil, returning to England via the Caribbean.
USS Vincennes, 3 September 1826 – 8 June 1830; from New York by way of Cape Horn, visiting the Hawaiian islands in 1829 and Macau in 1830. Her return voyage was made by way of China, the Philippines, the Indian Ocean, and the Cape of Good Hope. After nearly four years, Vincennes arrived back in New York under Commander William B. Finch.[3] Two days later the ship was decommissioned.
USS Potomac; 19 August 1831 – 23 May 1834; Commodore John Downes commanding, departed New York for the first Sumatran Expedition via the Cape of Good Hope, and returned via Cape Horn to Boston.
Robert Fitzroy; 1831–1836; in HMS Beagle; with Charles Darwin.
Sir George Simpson; 1841–1842; made the first "land circumnavigation" by crossing Canada and Siberia.
USS Constitution; May 1844 - September 1845; commanded by Captain John "Mad Jack" Percival.
The paddle sloop HMS Driver; 1845-1847; first steamship circumnavigation.
The first Galathea expedition; 1845–1847; first Danish circumnavigation.
HMS Herald; 1845-1851; Discovered Herald Island in the Bering Straits while searching for the Sir John Franklin Expedition.
The screw frigate Amazonas; 1856–1858; first Peruvian circumnavigation.
SMS Novara; 1857–1859; first Austrian circumnavigation.
CSS Shenandoah; 1864–65; only Confederate ship to circumnavigate. Capt. James Iredell Waddell.
Casto Méndez Núñez; 1865–1868; aboard Numancia; first ironclad warship circumnavigation; "Enloricata navis que primo terram circuivit".
Fernando Villaamil; 1892–1894; aboard Nautilus; first training ship circumnavigation.
Joshua Slocum; 1895–1898; first single-handed circumnavigation.
20th century[edit]
The Great White Fleet; 1907–1909; first fleet to circumnavigate the world.
Harry Pidgeon; 1921–1925; second single-handed circumnavigation.
HMS Hood, HMS Repulse, and the rest of the Special Service Squadron; 1923–24; in the Empire Cruise, a tour of the British Empire after World War I.
Harry Pidgeon; 1932–1937; third single-handed circumnavigation, first person to circumnavigate solo twice (1921–1925 and 1932–1937).
Electa and Irving Johnson; 1934–1958; sail training pioneers, circumnavigated the world 7 times with amateur crews.
Vito Dumas; 1942; single handed circumnavigation of the southern oceans, including the first single handed passage of all three great capes.
Operation Sandblast; 1960; USS Triton; first underwater circumnavigation.
Operation Sea Orbit; 1964; USS Enterprise, USS Long Beach, and USS Bainbridge; first circumnavigation by an all-nuclear naval task force.
1966 Soviet submarine global circumnavigation.
Sir Francis Chichester; 1966–1967; first single-handed circumnavigation with just one port of call.
Sir Alec Rose; 1967-1968; single-handed circumnavigation with two stops (in Australia and New Zealand).
Leonid Teliga; 1967–1969; single-handed circumnavigation aboard SY Opty.
Robin Knox-Johnston; 1968–1969; first single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.[4]
Robin Lee Graham; 1965–1970; then youngest (at ages 16–21) solo circumnavigation aboard 24-foot sailboat Dove.
Chay Blyth; 1971; first westwards single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.
Edward Allcard; 1957–1973; circumnavigation via the three great capes aboard his 36-foot wooden ketch Sea Wanderer.
USS Inchon; ETR-3 crew SEP-1972-SEP-1973 Circumnavigation via Panama Canal Norfolk VA. East to West.
Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz; 1976–1978; first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation.
Naomi James; 1977–1978; first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation via Cape Horn.
Mark Schrader; 1982; completed two solo circumnavigations. In 1982–1983 became the first American to complete a solo circumnavigation via the five southernmost capes.[5][6]
Marvin Creamer (USA); 21 December 1982 – 17 May 1984; only known person to circumnavigate the globe by boat with no nautical aids, not even a compass or watch [1].
Bertie Reed - 1982 - the first South African to complete three singlehanded circumnavigations.[7]
David Scott Cowper; 1985; first single-handed circumnavigation by motor boat.
Dodge Morgan; 12 November 1985 - 11 April 1986; Aboard sailboat American Promise, became first American to sail solo around the world, non-stop.
Trishna; 28 September 1985 - 10 January 1987; First Indian circumnavigation by an Indian Army Corps of Engineers crew. Also had the first handicapped sailor to sail around the globe.[citation needed]
Teddy Seymour; 1987; aboard sailboat Love Song; the first African-American to complete solo single-handed circumnavigation.
Mike Plant; 1987–1991; completed three circumnavigations.[8]
1986–87: Won the BOC Challenge (Class II - Open 50) with a time of 157 days aboard Airco Distributor, an Open 50 sloop built by Plant and designed by Roger Martin.[9][10]
1989: Competed in the first Vendée Globe on Duracell, an Open 60 sloop built by Plant and designed by Roger Martin. Although eliminated from the race after receiving help with a rudder repair in New Zealand, Plant still set a record for the fastest American to sail single-handed around the world with a time of 135 days.[8][11]
1990/91: Finished 4th overall in the BOC Challenge, setting the highest mark in a solo-sailing event for an American with a time of 132 days.[8]
The Thurston Family; 1984–1987; First Australian family to complete a circumnavigation.[12]
Tania Aebi; 1985–1987; American woman who completed a solo circumnavigation by the age of 21, one 80-nautical-mile (150 km) stretch with crew disqualified her from an official record.
Kay Cottee; 1988; first woman to perform a solo non-stop circumnavigation.
David Scott Cowper; 1990; first single-handed circumnavigation via the North West Passage.
Brian Caldwell; 1995-1996; '1st-Under-Age-21' to complete solo circumnavigation with stops, completed by age 20.
David Dicks; 1996; youngest recognized assisted circumnavigation, completed aged 18 years 41 days.
Henk de Velde; 1997; sailed a catamaran eastbound around the world in 119 days, non-stop. He is still the only person in the world to perform this feat single-handed with a catamaran,[citation needed] although others have made faster single-handed circumnavigations in trimarans (Ellen MacArthur, 2005, and Francis Joyon, 2008).
1998 Ocean 7 Adventurer; July 1998 in 74 days, 20 hours, 58 minutes, traveling more than 22,600 nautical miles (41,855 km). This achievement set a new Guinness World Record for a powered vessel.
Robert Case; 1998–2001; first solo American amputee to sail eastbound around the world..
Jesse Martin; 1999; youngest recognized unassisted circumnavigation, completed aged 18 years 66 days.
Azhar Mansor; 1999; first Malaysian to sail solo around the world.
Alex Thomson; 1999; youngest skipper ever to win a round the world race (Clipper 1998-1999)
Daniel D. Moreland; 1997-1998; first circumnavigation of sail training vessel Picton Castle
21st century[edit]
Wilfried Erdmann; 2000-08-14 - 2001-07-23 in 343 days; monohull Kathena Nui; solo westward non-stop circumnavigation
Ellen MacArthur; 2001; monohull; circumnavigated singlehandedly as the then fastest woman.
Mike Golding; 2001; First person to circumnavigate non-stop in both eastward and westward directions. 1993 World record for a westward circumnavigation, 161 days, Group 4. 2001 Vendee Globe Race 7th position.
Bruno Peyron and crew; 2005; aboard maxi catamaran Orange II; set the then current windpowered circumnavigation record, 50 days, 16 hours, 20 minute.[4]
Ellen MacArthur; 2005; trimaran B&Q/Castorama; then the fastest singlehanded circumnavigation (71 days), is still the fastest woman in 2010. See also 2001.[4]
Dee Caffari; 2005-2006; first woman to perform a solo westward non-stop circumnavigation, in 178 days.[13]
Spanish frigate Álvaro de Bazán (F101); 2007; First circumnavigation of the globe by a Spanish warship in 142 years.
RMS Queen Mary 2; 2007 world cruise; at 148,528 gross ton, the world's largest passenger ship to circumnavigate the globe.
Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540 horsepower multi-fuelled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
Francis Joyon; 2008; 95 ft (29 m) IDEC 2; current fastest singlehanded multihull circumnavigation, in 57 days 13 hours 34 minutes 06 seconds.[4]
Michael Perham; 2009; then youngest person (aged 16–17 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (with stops, through Panama Canal).
Franck Cammas and a crew of 10; 2010; French trimaran Groupama 3; set the fastest maritime circumnavigation at the time, in a time of 48 days, 7 hours 44 minutes and 52 seconds.[4]
Cdr Dilip Donde (Indian Navy); 2009-2010; First Indian to carry out a solo circumnavigation; stopped in four ports - Fremantle, Lyttelton, Port Stanley and Cape Town.[14]
Jessica Watson; 2009-2010; youngest person (aged 16) to perform a solo non-stop southern hemisphere circumnavigation (past Cape Horn).
Reid Stowe; 2007-2010; eastbound circumnavigation, 1152 days; longest time spent at sea without resupply or touching land.
Minoru Saito; 2008-2011; oldest person (aged 77) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (westbound, past Cape Horn, with stops). He has made eight singlehanded circumnavigations; after the seventh (which was non-stop) at age 71 he was already the oldest.
PlanetSolar; 2010-2012; first solar vehicle to circumnavigate the globe.
Laura Dekker; 2011–2012; youngest person (aged 14–16 years) to perform a singlehanded circumnavigation (with stops, through Panama Canal).
British sailor Jeanne Socrates; 2012-2013; oldest woman (aged 70) to single-handedly sail around the world, non-stop without outside assistance,[15] also making her first woman to make solo non-stop unassisted circumnavigation from west coast of North America (Victoria BC, Canada). Oldest, in 2010-2011 (aged 68), to sail single-handedly around the world, with stops. Both were eastbound via Cape Horn.[16]
Abhilash Tomy (Indian Navy); 2012-2013; First Indian to sail solo, nonstop around the world without outside assistance. Sailed south of the five southernmost capes.
Gerry Hughes; 2012-2013; First deaf yachtsman to sail single-handed around the world to pass the five great capes. On 1 September 2012, Hughes left Troon, Scotland to start his eight-month journey across the world. Hughes travel around the world solo, sailed 32,000 miles and became the first deaf yachtsman to passed all five southernmost capes - Cape Agulhas, Cape Leeuwin, South East Cape, South West Cape and Cape Horn.
Fastest nautical circumnavigations of the globe[edit]
See also: Around the world sailing record
(Ordered by ascending date of completion of voyage)
Operation Sandblast; 1960; USS Triton; first underwater circumnavigation, and fastest mechanically powered circumnavigation (disputed with Earthrace, 2008), in 60 days 21 hours.
Jon Sanders; 1986–1988; holds the world record for completing a single-handed, non-stop, triple circumnavigation, in 657 days 21 hours and 18 minutes.
Jean Luc Van Den Heede (French); 2004; fastest westward single-handed circumnavigation, 122 days 14 hours 3 minutes 49 seconds.
Adrienne Cahalan (Australian); February–March 2004; fastest woman to complete a circumnavigation (crew of "Cheyenne") 58 days 9 hours 32 minutes 45 seconds.
Earthrace; 2008; wave-piercing trimaran, with two 540 horsepower multi-fuelled engines; current world record holder for a motorized vessel (disputed with USS Triton, 1960), in 60 days 23 hours and 49 minutes.
Thomas Coville (French); Nov 2016–Dec 2016; current fastest single-handed circumnavigation, in 49 days, 3 hours, 7 minutes, 38 seconds.
Francis Joyon and crew of five sailors; Dec 2016–Jan 2017; the Maxi trimaran IDEC SPORT; current absolute (wind or mechanically powered) fastest maritime circumnavigation, in 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds of sailing. Average speed of 26.85 knots (30.71 MPH), covering a total distance of 26,412 nautical miles (48,915 km; 30,394 mi).
Aircraft[edit]
In 1999, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones achieved the first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3.
United States Army Air Service, 1924, first aerial circumnavigation, 175 days, covering 44,360 kilometres (27,560 mi).
Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen, in a Klemm L.20, circumnavigated the globe solo, between August 1928 and November 1929 (oceanic legs via ship).
LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin, 1929, piloted by Hugo Eckener set a record for the fastest aerial circumnavigation, 21 days, which was also the first circumnavigation in an airship.
On 1 July 1931, pilot Wiley Post and navigator Harold Gatty completed their circumnavigation of the world in a Lockheed Vega aeroplane, Winnie Mae, in 8 days, 15 hours and 51 minutes; the record for fastest circumnavigation was once again held by an aeroplane.
In 1932, Wolfgang von Gronau flew around the world in a twin-engine Dornier seaplane, Gronland-Wal D-2053, in nearly four months, making 44 stops en route. He was accompanied by co-pilot Gerth von Roth, mechanic Franzl Hack, and radio operator Fritz Albrecht.[17]
In 1933, Wiley Post repeated his circumnavigation by aeroplane, but this time solo, using an autopilot and radio direction finder. He made the first solo aerial circumnavigation in a time one day faster than his previous record: 7 days, 19 hours, 49 minutes, in which he covered 25,110 kilometres (15,600 mi).
Richarda Morrow-Tait became the first and still-youngest woman pilot to fly around the world, accompanied by navigator Michael Townsend, in a year and a day, from 18 August 1948 to 19 August 1949.
In 1949, the United States Air Force B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II made the first non-stop aerial circumnavigation in 94 hours and 1 minute. Four in-air refuelings were required for the flight, which covered 37,743 kilometres (23,452 mi).
Geraldine Mock, 1964, first woman to complete a solo aerial circumnavigation.
Don Taylor, 1976, first general aviation circumnavigation by homebuilt aircraft.
Dick Smith, 1982–1983, first solo circumnavigation by helicopter.
Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, 1986, Voyager, first non-stop non-refueled circumnavigation in an airplane, 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.
In 1992 an Air France Concorde achieved the fastest non-orbital circumnavigation in 32 hours 49 minutes and 3 seconds.
Brian Milton, 1998, first microlight circumnavigation. He used an open-cockpit single engine Pegasus Quantum 912. No support aircraft escorted the flight. Keith Reynolds was copilot from Webridge, Surrey, to Yuzhno Sakhalinsk, Siberia. Then, as required by the Russian authorities, navigator Petr Petrov accompanied Milton to Nome, Alaska. Milton completed the rest of the 120-day-voyage solo (71 flying days).[18][19][20]
Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones, 1999, first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3, 19 days, 1 hour and 49 minutes, covering 42,810 kilometres (26,600 mi).
Colin Bodill, 2000, first solo circumnavigation by a microlight (Mainair Blade) in 99 days. Also held fastest circumnavigation by microlight until broken. Bodill was part of an entourage of 4 aircraft, one of which carried supplies and support.[21]
Polly Vacher, 2001, in the smallest aircraft flown in a solo circumnavigation by a woman, via Australia and the Pacific.
Steve Fossett, 2 July 2002, first solo balloon circumnavigation.
Steve Fossett, 3 March 2005, GlobalFlyer, first non-stop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation in an airplane, 67 hours, covering 37,000 kilometres (23,000 mi).
Steve Fossett, 11 February 2006, GlobalFlyer, longest non-stop, non-refueled solo flight (with circumnavigation) in an airplane, covering 42,469.5 kilometres (26,389.3 mi), in 76 hours and 45 minutes.[22][23]
Barrington Irving, 27 June 2007, Inspiration, youngest solo circumnavigation in an airplane, at that time, 23 years, 228 days; first solo circumnavigation in an airplane by a black pilot and first Jamaican. Left Miami, Florida, March 23, 2007, first stop, Cleveland, Ohio.
Rahul Monga and Anil Kumar, 2007, fastest circumnavigation in a microlight, 79 days. Team from the Indian Air Force to commemorate the 75 Anniversary of the founding of the Indian Air Force. Aircraft used was a Flight Design CTSW. They covered 40,529 kilometres (25,184 mi) in a total flight time of 247 hours and 27 minutes.[24][25]
Jack Wiegand, 2013, then youngest pilot to circumnavigate the globe, solo (21).[26]
Amelia Rose Earhart joined by co-pilot Shane Jordon, completed a global circumnavigation flight on 11 July 2014.
Australian pilot Ryan Campbell completed a global circumnavigation flight on 7 September 2013 making him the then youngest person (19 year, 7 months, 25 days) to fly around the world.
Matt Guthmiller completed a global circumnavigation flight on 14 July 2014 making him the youngest person (19 years, 7 months, 15 days) to ever fly around the world.
Swiss pilots Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg took off from Abu Dhabi aboard the solar-powered airplane Solar Impulse 2 on 9 March 2015, and were originally scheduled to complete their circumnavigation of the Northern Hemisphere in five months.[27] Due to battery damage, continuation of the flight has been postponed until April 2016.[28] This circumnavigation was completed on 26 July 2016.
Robert DeLaurentis completed a global circumnavigation flight on 19 August 2015[29] - Single plane, single engine, single pilot,[30] across the Atlantic,[31] Pacific and Indian Oceans.[32]
Fyodor Konyukhov, 23 July 2016, broke the record for the fastest circumnavigation of the world in a hot air balloon. He took "just over 11 days", breaking Steve Fossetts 2002 record of 13 and a half days.[33]
Wang Zheng on September 19, 2016, completed a solo global circumnavigation in a single piston-engine aircraft and became the first Asian woman to fly around the world, the first Chinese person to fly solo around-the-world and the first Chinese female pilot to fly around the world.[34]
Spacecraft[edit]
On 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first human flight in space, and completed the first orbit of the Earth, in Vostok 1, in 108 minutes.
The second and third orbital circumnavigations, the first two to have multiple orbits, were made by Gherman Titov (17.5 orbits, a little over a day, for the Soviet Union) and John Glenn, in Friendship 7 (3 orbits, almost five hours, for the USA, first American orbital flight), respectively.
The first woman to circumnavigate the Earth in orbit, and to also do so multiple times, was Valentina Tereshkova, who made forty-eight orbits between 16 and 19 June 1963, aboard Vostok 6.
Frank F. Borman II, James A. Lovell Jr., and William A. Anders, 21–27 December 1968, first human circumnavigation of the Earth-Moon system, 10 orbits around the moon in about 20 hours, aboard Apollo 8; total trip to the moon and back was more than 6 Earth days.
Sally K. Ride, 18–24 June 1983, the first American woman to circumnavigate the Earth in orbit, the youngest American to date to do so (aged 32 years, 23 days), and the first American woman to do so multiple times; she flew 97 orbits during STS-7 aboard Space Shuttle Challenger.
Mixed transportation (including on foot and various other human powered)[edit]
See also: Long-distance riding and List of pedestrian circumnavigators
King Kalākaua traveled around the world, over land and sea, thus becoming the first reigning monarch to complete such a journey in 1881.
Thomas Stevens was the first person to circle the globe by bicycle. The feat was accomplished between 1884 and 1886. While impressive at the time, a good portion of the trip was by steamer due to technical and political reasons.
Nellie Bly traveled around the world with public steamboats and trains in 72 days (from November 14, 1889 to January 25, 1890), a world record, resembling the Around the World in Eighty Days novel.
Dumitru Dan was the first person to have walked around the world, in 1910–1923 (he kept walking even on the boats' deck).
Clärenore Stinnes and Carl-Axel Söderström were the first persons to drive around the world in a car between 25 May 1927 and 24 June 1929.
Beginning in Montreal, Ben Carlin circumnavigated the world in a modified Ford GPA Jeep between 1950 and 1958, becoming the first person to circumnavigate the world by amphibious vehicle.
David Kunst walked around the world between 20 June 1970 and 10 October 1974.
Arthur Blessitt walked around the world carrying a 45 lb (20 kg) wooden cross, covering 38,102 miles (61,319 km) through 315 countries, between 1969 and 2008.
Heinz Stucke has been cycling around the world since 1962.
Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Charles Burton and their team circumnavigated 'vertically' via the two poles on the Transglobe Expedition.
Rick Hansen, a world-class paraplegic athlete, became the first person to travel around the world in a wheelchair on 22 May 1987, covering over 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) through 34 countries on four continents.[35]
Robert Garside is credited by Guinness World Records as the first person to run around the world between 1997 and 2003, taking 2,062 days to cover 30,000 miles (48,000 km) across 29 countries and 6 continents.[36]
Jesper Olsen travelled 26,000 kilometres (16,000 mi) in 2004, completed circumnavigation solely on foot (except for airplane or boats over the seas).
Colin Angus circumnavigated the northern hemisphere solely by human power in 2006 but did not qualify under the Guinness guidelines as a human powered circumnavigation. His attempt, however, was recognized by National Geographic.[37]
Jason Lewis completed the first true human-powered circumnavigation of the globe in 2007, covering 46,505 miles (74,843 km) in both the southern and northern hemispheres and reaching two antipodal points, gaining accreditation from Guinness World Records[38] and Adventurestats by Explorersweb.[39]
Mark Beaumont broke the record for cycling around globe in 2008. He began his attempt on 5 August 2007 and completed the 18,297-mile (29,446 km) journey across 4 continents and 21 countries 194 days and 17 hours later on 15 February 2008.[40]
Rosie Swale-Pope travelled 32,000 kilometres (20,000 mi) in 2008 completed circumnavigation solely on foot (except for airplane or boats over the seas).
Garry Sowerby holds four world records for circumnavigation in an automobile.[41][42][43]
Erden Eruç completed the first solo human-powered circumnavigation traveling by rowboat, sea kayak, foot and bicycle from 10 July 2007 to 21 July 2012.[44] Erden crossed the equator two times, passed over 12 pairs of antipodal points, and logged 66,299 kilometres (41,196 mi).[45]
Vladimir Lysenko had circumnavigated the globe from west to east, deviating no more than two degrees of latitude from the Equator. Starting in Libreville (Gabon), Vladimir had successfully crossed (in a car, a motor boat, a yacht, a ship, a kayak, a bicycle, and by foot) Africa, Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean, South America and Atlantic Ocean with finish in Libreville in 2012.[46][47]
Significant non-global circumnavigations[edit]
Seacraft[edit]
Phoenician expedition sent by Pharaoh Necho II; c. 600 BC; possibly circumnavigating Africa.
Roman Governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola; c. 80; first circumnavigation of Britain.
Jacques Cartier; 1534–1535; first circumnavigation of Newfoundland.
García de Nodal; 1619; first circumnavigation of Tierra del Fuego.
Abel Tasman; 1642-1643; first circumnavigation of the Australian continent (including New Guinea and Tasmania).
James Cook; 1769–1770; first circumnavigation of New Zealand.
James Cook; 1772-1775; first circumnavigation of Antarctica (including New Zealand's South Island).
George Bass and Matthew Flinders; 1798; first circumnavigation of Tasmania (without Australia).
Matthew Flinders; 1801–1803; first circumnavigation of Australia (without Tasmania).
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen; 1820-1821; first circumnavigation of Antarctica (without New Zealand).
Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld; 1878–1879; first circumnavigation of Eurasia, via the Northeast Passage and the Suez Canal, during the Vega expedition.
RCMP St Roch; 1940–1942 and 1950; first vessel to circumnavigate North America. 1940–1942 Vancouver to Halifax, Nova Scotia, via the Northwest Passage. 1950, Halifax to Vancouver, via the Panama Canal.
HMCS Labrador (AW 50); 1954; first vessel to circumnavigate North America in a single voyage, via the Panama Canal. Halifax west through Northwest Passage. South to Panama canal and return to Halifax.
USS Belmont; 1967; circumnavigated South America via the Panama Canal.
CCGS Hudson; 1970; first circumnavigation of North and South America.[48]
Miles Clark; 1992; circumnavigation of Europe, going from the White Sea to the Black Sea through several Russian waterways.[49][50]
Phoenicia (a replica of a Phoenician ship); 2009–2010; remade the possible circumnavigation of Africa, but completed the modern trip by going from Syria to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal.[51]
Børge Ousland in the yacht Northern Passage July–October 2010[52] and Daniel Gavrilov in the yacht Peter I; June–November 2010; first circumnavigation of the Arctic in a single season.[53][54] Ousland claims to have crossed his wake north of Bergen on 14 October; it's unclear when Gavrilov crossed his wake.
Matt Rutherford; June 2011-April 2012; first single-handed, non-stop 27,000 mi (43,000 km) sailing circumnavigation of the Americas, leaving from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, through the Northwest Passage, around Cape Horn, and back to the Chesapeake Bay.[55] The Scott Polar Research Institute officially recognized Rutherford's 27 ft (8.2 m) sailboat as the smallest vessel to ever transit the Northwest Passage.[56]
Fictional circumnavigations[edit]
Jules Verne's 1872 adventure novel, Around the World in Eighty Days describes a fictional circumnavigation. Upper class Englishman Phileas Fogg and his servant Passepartout use a variety of transportation means and ingenuity to accomplish the adventurous feat. The book is a tribute to the new transportation possibilities of the early Industrial Revolution, with the coming of steamships, railways, etc., before which a year was a more probable time for a circumnavigation. British actor Michael Palin attempted in 1988 to follow the route as closely as possible in his television series Around the World in 80 Days.
See also[edit]
Circumnavigation
Circumnavigation world record progression
Around the world sailing record
Russian circumnavigations
First Russian circumnavigation
List of pedestrian circumnavigators
List of firsts in aviation
List of people by number of countries visited
Notes and references[edit]
There should be references inside each article, according to a general policy for list articles. In addition further references can be located here.
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^ Jump up to: a b
A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels at Project Gutenberg
Jump up ^ Long, David Foster (1988). "Chapter Nine". Gold braid and foreign relations : diplomatic activities of U.S. naval officers, 1798–1883. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 207ff. ISBN 978-0-87021-228-4. Retrieved April 29, 2012. Lay summary (February 1990). :pp.208–9
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Round the World Non-Stop". World Sailing Speed Record Council. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Byrne, Dan (August 30, 1986). "GOING ONE-ON-ONE WITH THE LONELY SEA : 25 Daring Sailors Will Attempt to Go Around the World--Single-Handedly". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
Jump up ^ "About Sailors for the Sea > Advisors > Mark Schrader". Boston Interactive/Sailors for the Sea. n.d. Archived from the original on 2012-08-24. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Remembering Bertie Reed". Retrieved 1 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c The Museum of Yachting Retrieved March 27, 2013
Jump up ^ VELUX 5 Oceans Race (BOC Challenge) Official Website Retrieved March 27, 2013
Jump up ^ Roger Martin Design Retrieved March 27, 2013
Jump up ^ "Home - Vendée Globe 2016-2017". vendeeglobe.org. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Thurston, Elizabeth (1991). Dolphins at Sunset. Australia: Sun. pp. 1–232. ISBN 9780725106812 – via https://books.google.com/books/about/Dolphins_at_Sunset.html?id=WnbHAAAACAAJ&hl=en.
Jump up ^ wrong-way sailor back on UK soil, BBC News. Retrieved 21 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Cdr Dilip Donde". outlookindia.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sailor Jeanne Socrates, world's oldest non-stop female circumnavigator". sail-world.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ealing grandmother's world record sail". ealingtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Round-the-World Flights, from WingNet. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
Jump up ^ The Guinness 1999 Book of Records. Guinness Publishing. 1998. p. 081. ISBN 0-85112-070-9.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Mark (October 19, 2003). "Bandits at 11 o'clock!". The Independent on Sunday. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Tarquin (May 23, 2009). "Top 20 great British adventurers". The Daily Telegraph. p. W5.
Jump up ^ "Fastest circumnavigation by microlight". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Fossett flies to non-stop record, from BBC News. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
Jump up ^ Steve lands as an uninvited guest!, from Virgin Global Flyer. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
Jump up ^ "Fastest Round the World Trip-world record set by IAF". worldrecordacademy.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://indianairforce.nic.in/expedition/expedition_detail.php#exeiti
Jump up ^ "Youngest person to circumnavigate by aircraft, solo". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Amos, Jonathan. "Solar Impulse plane begins epic global flight", BBC News, 9 March 2015
Jump up ^ Amos, Jonathan. "Solar Impulse grounded until 2016", BBC News, 15 July 2015
Jump up ^ "Around the world in 90 days, for a cause - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "AROUND THE WORLD — BARELY". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "American pilot making epic solo flight around the world". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Around the world in 90 days - Local - The Telegram". www.thetelegram.com. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Russian adventurer breaks world hot air balloon record". ABC News. ABC-Australia. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Solo Flights". www.earthrounders.org. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
Jump up ^ Still making a difference: Hansen continues to inspire while raising understanding and money, By Darah Hansen, Vancouver Sun, 18 May 2007.
Jump up ^ Around-World Runner Honoured from the New York Post
Jump up ^ Human-Powered Circumnavigation
Jump up ^ Guinness World Records (6 October 2007). "Human Powered Circumnavigations" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Adventurestats by Explorersweb. "Global HPC - Human Powered Circumnavigations". Explorersweb.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - UK - Scotland - Edinburgh, East and Fife - Scot smashes world cycle record". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.digihitch.com/canada20.html
Jump up ^ Green gimmick leads to striking narratives; Car becomes historian for green projects - Motoring - The Western Star
Jump up ^ "In Search of Nova Scotia's 25 Funkiest Things - novascotia.ca". gov.ns.ca. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Records – First solo circumnavigation of the globe using human power". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Media Kit – Project Summary Document" (PDF). Around-n-Over (PDF file linked from "around-n-over.org/media/mediakit.htm"). 22 August 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Union of Russian Around-the-World Travellers site" (in Russian).
Jump up ^ "Round-the-World Tour Along the Equator by Vladimir Lysenko" (in Russian). Extreme portal VVV.RU.
Jump up ^ "CCGS Hudson". Archived from the original on 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ Clark, Miles. Russian Voyage. National Geographic Magazine, June 1994. p. 114 a 138.
Jump up ^ Purves, Libby (30 April 1993). "Obituary: Miles Clark". The Independent. London.
Jump up ^ "The Phoenician Ship Expedition". phoenicia.org.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ousland : nearly back to Oslo". International Polar Foundation. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "First circumnavigation of Arctic completed". The Voice of Russia. 17 November 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Peter 1 arctic circumnavigation 2010". Youtube. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Sheinin, Dave (April 21, 2012). "Sailor Matt Rutherford welcomed home in Annapolis after sailing solo around the Americas". The Washington Post. Annapolis. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schell, Andy (September 18, 2012). "Matt Rutherford: Mission Accomplished". Cruz Bay Publishing Inc., an Active Interest Media company. Archived from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
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text:
Biovar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A biovar is a variant prokaryotic strain that differs physiologically and/or biochemically from other strains in a particular species.[1][2] Morphovars (or morphotypes) are those strains that differ morphologically. Serovars (or serotypes) are those strains that have antigenic properties that differ from other strains.
See also[edit]
Chemovar
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Biovar - definition of biovar by Medical dictionary". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Biovar - Define Biovar at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 10 November 2016.

This microbiology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biovar&oldid=804709258"
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