text:
Monopoly price
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A monopoly price is set by a monopoly.[1][2] A monopoly occurs when a firm is the only firm in an industry producing the product, such that the monopoly faces no competition.[1][2] A monopoly has absolute market power, and thereby can set a monopoly price that will be above the firm's marginal (economic) cost, which is the change in total (economic) cost due to one additional unit produced.[1]
The monopoly will ensure a monopoly price will exist when it establishes the quantity of the product it will sell.[1] As the sole supplier of the product within the market, its sales establish the entire industry's supply within the market, and therefore the monopoly's production and sales decisions can establish a single monopoly price for the industry without any influence from competing firms.[1][2][3] The monopoly will always consider the demand for its product as it considers what price is appropriate; such that it will choose a production supply and price combination that will ensure a maximum economic profit.[1][2] It does this by ensuring the marginal cost (determined by the firm's technical limitations that form its cost structure) is the same as the marginal revenue (as determined by the impact a change in the price of the product will impact the quantity demanded) at the quantity it decides to sell.[1][2] The marginal revenue is solely determined by the demand for the product within the industry, and is the change in revenue that will occur by lowering the price just enough to ensure a single additional unit will be sold.[1][2] The marginal revenue is positive, but it is lower than the price associated with it because lowering the price will:
(a) increase the demand for its product, thereby increasing the firm's Sales Revenue,[1] and
(b) Lower the price paid by those who were willing to buy the product at the higher price, thereby ensuring a lower sales revenue on the product sales to those who were willing to pay the higher price.[1]
Marginal Revenue = M R = P + P ′ ( Q ) ∗ Q {\displaystyle MR=P+P'(Q)*Q} [2]
where 0 > P ′ ( Q ) {\displaystyle 0>P'(Q)} [2]
Reduction in Price increases the Quantity Demanded, but Reduces Payments by those who would be willing to pay a higher price - MR < P
Marginal cost solely relates to the firm's technical cost structure within production, and indicates the rise in total (economic) cost that must occur for an additional unit to be supplied to the market by the firm.[1] The marginal cost is higher than the average cost because of diminishing marginal product in the short run.[1]
Marginal Cost = M C = C ′ ( Q ) {\displaystyle MC=C'(Q)} [2]
where 0 < C ′ ( Q ) {\displaystyle 0<C'(Q)} [2][4]
Diminishing Marginal Product ensures the Rise in Cost from producing an additional Item (Marginal Cost) is always greater than the Average Variable (Controllable) Cost at that level of production. Since some costs cannot be controlled in the "Short Run", the Variable (Controllable) Costs will always be lower than the Total Costs in the "Short Run".
Samuelson indicates this point on the Consumer Demand curve is where Price is equal to one over one plus the reciprocal of the price elasticity of demand.[5] This rule does not apply to competitive firms since such firms are price takers, and don't have the market power to control either prices or Industry-Wide Sales.[1]
Although the term "markup" is sometimes used in economics to refer to difference between a Monopoly Price and the Monopoly's Marginal Cost (MC),[6] the term markup is frequently used in American Accounting and Finance to define the difference between the Price of the Product and its per unit Accounting Cost. Accepted Neo-Classical Micro-Economic Theory indicates the American Accounting and Finance definition of markup, as it exists in most Competitive Markets, solely ensures an "Accounting Profit" that will be just enough to solely compensate the Equity owners of a "Competitive Firm" within a "Competitive Market" for the "Economic Cost" ("Opportunity Cost") they must bear when they decide to hold on to the Firm's Equity.[3] The "Economic Cost" of holding onto Equity at its Present Value is the "Opportunity Cost" the Investor must bare when he gives up the Interest Earnings on Debt of similar Present Value (He holds onto Equity instead of the Debt).[3] Economists would indicate a Markup rule on Economic Cost used by a Monopoly to set a "Monopoly Price" that will maximize its Profit, is excessive markup that leads to inefficiencies within an economic system.[1][2][7][8]
Mathematical Derivation - How a Monopoly Sets the Monopoly Price[edit]
Mathematically, we derive the general rule a Monopoly uses to maximize Monopoly profit through simple Calculus. We first depict the basic equation for "Economic Profit", in which the Total Economic Cost varies directly with the quantity produced:
π = P ( Q ) ∗ Q − C ( Q ) {\displaystyle \pi =P(Q)*Q-C(Q)}
where
Q = quantity sold,
P(Q) = inverse demand function, and thereby the Price at which Q can be sold given the existing Demand
C(Q) = Total (Economic) Cost of producing Q.
π {\displaystyle \pi } = Economic Profit

This is done by setting the derivative of π {\displaystyle \pi } with respect to Q equal to 0, Profit of a firm is given by total revenue (price times quantity sold) minus total cost:
P ′ ( Q ) Q + P − C ′ ( Q ) = 0 {\displaystyle P'(Q)Q+P-C'(Q)=0}
where
Q = quantity sold,
P'(Q) = the partial derivative of the inverse demand function, and thereby the Price at which Q can be sold given the existing Demand
C'(Q) = Marginal Cost, or the partial derivative of the Total (Economic) Cost of producing Q.

This yields:
P ′ ( Q ) ∗ Q + P = C ′ ( Q ) {\displaystyle P'(Q)*Q+P=C'(Q)}

or "Marginal Revenue" = "Marginal Cost". This is usually called the "First Order Conditions" for a Profit Maximum.[2]
According to Samuelson,
P ( P ′ ( Q / P ) + 1 ) = M C {\displaystyle P(P'(Q/P)+1)=MC}
By definition P ′ ( Q / P ) {\displaystyle P'(Q/P)} is the reciprocal of the price elasticity of demand (or 1 / ϵ {\displaystyle 1/\epsilon } ). Hence
P ( 1 + 1 / ϵ ) = M C {\displaystyle P(1+1/{\epsilon })=MC}
This gives the markup rule:
P = ϵ ϵ + 1 M C {\displaystyle P={\frac {\epsilon }{\epsilon +1}}MC}
or, letting η {\displaystyle \eta } be the reciprocal of the price elasticity of demand,
P = 1 1 + η M C {\displaystyle P={\frac {1}{1+\eta }}MC}
Thus the monopolistic firm chooses the quantity at which the demand price satisfies this rule. Since for a price setting firm η < 0 {\displaystyle \eta <0} this means that a firm with market power will charge a price above marginal cost and thus earn a monopoly rent. On the other hand, a competitive firm by definition faces a perfectly elastic demand, hence it believes η = 0 {\displaystyle \eta =0} which means that it sets price equal to marginal cost.
The rule also implies that, absent menu costs, a monopolistic firm will never choose a point on the inelastic portion of its demand curve. Furthermore, for an equilibrium to exist in a monopoly or in an oligopoly market, the price elasticity of demand must be less than negative one ( 1 / η < 1 {\displaystyle 1/{\eta }<1} )(Mas-Colell) simply because the price elasticity of demand must be less than negative one for Marginal Revenue (MR) to be positive.[4] The Mathematical Profit Maximization Conditions ("First Order Conditions") ensure the price elasticity of demand must be less than negative one;[2][7] since no "Rational Firm" that attempts to maximize its profit would incur additional Cost (a positive Marginal Cost) in order to Reduce Revenue (when MR < 0).[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Roger LeRoy Miller, Intermediate Microeconomics Theory Issues Applications, Third Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1982.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tirole, Jean, "The Theory of Industrial Organization", Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1988.
^ Jump up to: a b c John Black, "Oxford Dictionary of Economics", New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EconDictionary" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b Henderson, James M., and Richard E. Quandt, "Micro Economic Theory, A Mathematical Approach. 3rd Edition", New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresmand and Company, 1988.
Usually, in many Text Books, Economic Cost, here presented by C(Q), is divided into 2 Categories; Labor Costs and Capital Costs:
C(Q) = L * w + K * R
where
L = Labor hired,
w = Wage Rate,
K = Total amount of Capital financed by both Debt and Equity,
R = "Cost of Capital", including both "Interest Expense" and the minimum required "Rate of Return on Equity"
Q = Q(L,K) = a function of the quantity of Labor and Capital employed in production
Jump up ^ Samuelson; Marks (2003). p.104
Jump up ^ Nicholson, Walter and Christopher Snyder, Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Henderson, James M., and Richard E. Quandt, "Micro Economic Theory, A Mathematical Approach. 3rd Edition", New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresmand and Company, 1988.
Jump up ^ Bradley R. chiller, "Essentials of Economics", New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly_price&oldid=800975135"
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values: A monopolist will set a price and production quantity where MC=MR, such that MR is always below the Monopoly Price set. A Competitive Firm's MR is the Price it gets for its product, and will have Price=MC.

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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Motto
Super Ardua (Let us overcome our difficulties)
Established
September 1929
Address
27 Sussex Place, London, NW1
President
Dr David Richmond
Website
http://www.rcog.org.uk
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) is a professional association based in the UK. Its members, including people with and without medical degrees, work in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology,[1] that is, pregnancy, childbirth, and female sexual and reproductive health. RCOG is dedicated to "improving sexual and reproductive enjoyment worldwide."[2] The College has over 12,000 members in over 100 countries, over half of these reside outside of the United Kingdom.[3]
The college's primary object is given as "The encouragement of the study and the advancement of the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology", although its governing documents impose no specific restrictions on its operation.[4] Its offices are near Regent's Park in central London.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Core activities and responsibilities
3 Examinations
4 Members and Fellows
5 Journals
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Founded as the British College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in September 1929 by Professor William Blair-Bell and Sir William Fletcher Shaw, RCOG was granted a Royal Charter on 21 March 1947.[5] For the first three years, the office work was done from 20, St John Street, Manchester. In 1932, the office was shifted to London at 58, Queen Anne Street. The building was officially opened by the Duchess of York on December 5, 1932. With continuing expansion of the college activities, it had outgrown the Queen Anne Street premises and a decision was made in 1952 to move to larger premises.
The college moved to the present premises at 27 Sussex Place, Regent's Park in July 1960. The new building was formally opened by Her Majesty on the 13th of July.
Core activities and responsibilities[edit]
The College promotes standards of care in obstetrics and gynaecology by a programme of research, publication, and review. Areas of prenatal studies have included the effect of obesity of the expectant mother on frequency of birth defects.[6] The College examines and evaluates other researchers' results, as in the 1999 claim that coffee could cause miscarriage, which they found to be unsupported,[7] and the claimed connection between breast cancer and abortion, which RCOG also found unsupported.[8]
RCOG has published many informational guides and studies, including thirty on contraception, twenty-four on pregnancy complications, and five on abortion.[9] Other topics covered include cancer, breastfeeding, diabetes in pregnancy, and neonatology (resuscitation of the newborn, in which skill RCOG recommends that all professionals present at the time of birth are proficient).[10] In addition, the College publishes books ranging from biographies of significant people in the profession, to textbooks for trainees, to results of research.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists headquarters in London
Examinations[edit]
The RCOG is responsible for developing the framework and curriculum of post graduate training in obsteterics and gynaecology in the United Kingdom. It conducts two principal examinations: the Membership examination (MRCOG) and the Diploma examination (DRCOG). The DRCOG examination is aimed at doctors, and especially General Practitioners, who wish to certificate their knowledge and interest in obsteterics and gynaecology. The Membership examination, which were first held in 1931, is intended for those who wish to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology. The exam is a two-part examination, the Part 1 MRCOG is a written examination to evaluate basic and clinical sciences relevant to the subject and the Part 2 consists of separate written and clinical sections (OSCEs).[11]
Members and Fellows[edit]
Members use the designatory letters MRCOG. Membership is awarded at a meeting of Council to those who have passed all parts of the Membership examination.
The award of the Fellowship is a mark of senior status and does not indicate completion of training. They are elected from those who have been Members for at least 12 years. Fellows use the designatory letters FRCOG. Fellowship can also be awarded to those who are not been Members of the college, but have either contributed significantly to the advancement of the specialty (Fellows ad eundem); demonstrated exemplary work in the specialty (Fellows honoris causa) or distinguished people outside the medical profession (Honorary Fellows).[12]
Journals[edit]
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
BJOG is an editorially independent peer reviewed journal owned by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists publishing work in all areas of obstetrics and gynaecology, including contraception, urogynaecology, fertility, oncology and clinical practice. It is one of the most widely read journals in obstetrics and gynaecology. It had an Impact Factor of 3.437 and ISI Journal Citation Reports Ranking of 6/70 (Gynaecology) in 2009.[13] BJOG also release podcasts.
The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
TOG is the journal for continuing professional development from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The journal is known for its reviews and clinical governance articles.
See also[edit]
The Diploma of the Royal College of Gynaecologists
Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare
References[edit]
Jump up ^ RCOG, "Summary of Membership Categories". Retrieved 2007-05-26.
Jump up ^ RCOG, "International Office Strategy." Retrieved 2007-05-25.
Jump up ^ RCOG, "Annual Review 2008/2009". Retrieved 2010-03-20.
Jump up ^ RCOG, "Annual Report and Accounts" (2005-12-31). Retrieved 2007-05-25.
Jump up ^ Privy Council web site. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
Jump up ^ Birth defects more common with fat mothers The Telegraph Retrieved 2007-08-25
Jump up ^ Caffeine blamed for miscarriages BBC Retrieved 2007-08-25
Jump up ^ About abortion care: what you need to know Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Retrieved 2007-08-25
Jump up ^ RCOG, RCOG Publishing Retrieved 2007-08-25.
Jump up ^ RCOG, Training and Maintenance of Skills for Professionals Responsible for Resuscitation of Babies at Birth Retrieved 2007-08-25
Jump up ^ RCOG, [1] Retrieved 2010-09-04
Jump up ^ RCOG, [2] Retrieved 2010-09-04
Jump up ^ "BJOG". Retrieved 2010-11-13.
External links[edit]
Official website
RCOG Guidelines
Patient information
The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
[hide]
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text:
List of The Facts of Life characters
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
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(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This is a list of characters from the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters table
2 Edna Garrett
3 Natalie Green
4 Jo Polniaczek
5 Tootie Ramsey
6 Blair Warner
7 Cindy Webster
8 Beverly Ann Stickle
9 Notes
10 References
Characters table[edit]
Actor
Character
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Charlotte Rae Edna Garrett Main Guest Absent
Lisa Whelchel Blair Warner Main
Kim Fields Tootie Ramsey Main
Mindy Cohn Natalie Green Main
Nancy McKeon Jo Polniaczek Absent Main
John Lawlor Steven Bradley Main Absent
Jenny O'Hara Emily Mahoney[note 1] Main Absent
Felice Schachter Nancy Olsen Main Recurring Absent Guest Absent
Julie Piekarski Sue Ann Weaver Main Recurring Absent Guest Absent
Julie Anne Haddock Cindy Webster Main Recurring Absent Guest Absent
Molly Ringwald Molly Parker Main Guest Absent
Pamela Segall Kelly Affinado Absent Main Absent
Mackenzie Astin Andy Moffett Absent Recurring Main
George Clooney George Burnett Absent Main Recurring Absent
Cloris Leachman Beverly Ann Stickle Absent Main
Sherrie Krenn Pippa McKenna[note 2] Absent Main

Edna Garrett[edit]
Edna Garrett
Diff'rent Strokes, The Facts of Life character
First appearance
"Movin' In" (Diff'rent Strokes)
"Rough Housing" (The Facts of Life)
Last appearance
The Facts of Life Reunion
Portrayed by
Charlotte Rae
Information
Aliases
Mrs. Garrett, Mrs. G
Occupation
Housekeeper, housemother, dietitian, businesswoman
Spouse(s)
Robert Garrett (divorced)
Dr. Bruce Gaines (1986–, widowed before 2001 reunion)
Children
Alex Garrett (son)
Raymond Garrett (son)
Relatives
Beverly Ann Stickle (sister)
Andy Moffett (adoptive nephew)
Edna Ann Garrett Gaines, known as Mrs. Garrett or Mrs. G, was played by actress Charlotte Rae from 1978 to 1986.
Garrett was the youngest child in a large family, born and raised on a farm near Appleton, Wisconsin. Her exact age was never disclosed during the series, but on several occasions, it was hinted or implied that she was somewhere in her fifties. On Diff'rent Strokes, she was the housekeeper to the Drummond family in New York City after Willis and Arnold's mom Lucy (the Drummonds' original housekeeper) died. In 1979, she took a job as house mother at the Eastland School for Girls in Peekskill, New York (Kimberly Drummond attended Eastland). Over the years, Mrs. Garrett's role on The Facts of Life changed. At first she was merely a live-in supervisor for the girls of Eastland; in the second season she became their in-house dietitian who managed the school's cafeteria.
Garrett was married twice, divorced (first marriage), and widowed (second marriage); one early episode showed Mr. Garrett coming to town to woo her and reconcile, but he was unsuccessful because Edna felt that his gambling problem would always be an obstacle. She had two sons, a singer/songwriter/carpenter named Alex (Tom Fitzsimmons) (born 1953) and an accountant named Raymond (Joel Brooks). Raymond helped her raise funds and secure commercial space so she could open her own gourmet food shop, Edna's Edibles, in the fall of 1983. The girls, who had previously lived with Mrs. Garrett at Eastland, and worked with her in the kitchen to pay off various restitution-related expenses (see below), moved into an apartment above "Edna's Edibles" and continued to work for Mrs. Garrett in the shop (this time on the payroll). In the fall of 1985, Edna's Edibles was extensively damaged by fire; it was rebuilt as a gift shop called "Over Our Heads." Since the insurance on Edna's Edibles had lapsed by the time of the fire, the girls contributed their insurance claim checks to help rebuild, effectively making Mrs. Garrett and the girls equal partners in the business.
Edna Garrett was a mentor to the girls at Eastland, functioning in loco parentis. At times the girls would take her for granted, and forget that Edna herself had problems. Many times Edna would lash out at the girls when they got careless with her. In one episode, she actually fires them from "Edna's Edibles" when their irresponsible behavior ends up costing her $500 in fines after a dismal health inspection. She hires them back the next day when the girls promise her that they will be more responsible at their jobs. She also fires George, when he falls behind on his work constructing "Over Our Heads," but they later make up. Mrs. Garrett is a Democrat. She is also against censorship, such as book banning.
Mrs. Garrett remarried in 1986. She and her new husband, Dr. Bruce Gaines (Robert Mandan), rejoined the Peace Corps to work in eastern Africa. (Charlotte Rae did not want to continue with the series). Edna was replaced by her sister, Beverly Ann Stickle (Cloris Leachman). However, in the reunion movie that aired in 2001, Mrs. Garrett reunited with the three girls (Blair, Natalie, and Tootie) at a hotel owned by Blair and which was run by Mrs. Garrett's son Raymond. It was also revealed that Mrs. Garrett and Tootie were widows. It's revealed that she was in a romantic relationship with a ship captain.
Mrs. Garrett also appears on the Hello, Larry episode "The Trip", the first of three crossovers between Diff'rent Strokes and Hello, Larry.
In an episode of Halt and Catch Fire, a man fencing computers refers to married mother Donna Clark ( played by Kerry Bishe ) as Mrs. Garrett, in reference to her conservative appearance and critical opinion of him.
Natalie Green[edit]
Natalie Green
First appearance
"Rough Housing" (The Facts of Life)
Last appearance
The Facts of Life Reunion
Portrayed by
Mindy Cohn
Information
Occupation
Student
Relatives
Dr. Sy Green (father; deceased)
Evelyn "Evie" Green (mother)
Ellen Manheim (biological mother)
Natasha Letisha Sage "Natalie" Green was played by Mindy Cohn. Natalie's best friend on the show was Tootie, as they were close in age. Natalie's age was 12 at the series' beginning.
Natalie's most defining physical attribute was that she was large-figured, but she had a healthy self-image, once quoted as saying, "Who wants to be a skinny pencil? I'd rather be a happy Magic Marker!"
Natalie is Jewish, as Mindy Cohn is in real life; and her faith was featured in several episodes. In one, she celebrated Hanukkah while the others celebrated Christmas. Her heritage was highlighted when her father, Dr. Green, died unexpectedly; Natalie's bottled-up grief was a continuing storyline.
Although she wasn't a mold-fitting "traditional beauty," Natalie was involved in many storylines regarding sex. In an early episode, she dated a boy who spread a rumor that Natalie was easy. In another episode, she was almost sexually assaulted on the way back from a costume party. In the controversial episode "The First Time," toward the series' end, she became the first of the girls to have sex when she slept with her boyfriend Snake on their first anniversary as a couple. A budding writer, she wrote for the Eastland School newspaper.
Natalie graduated from Eastland in 1985, in the Season 6, Episode 25, "Bus Stop," and took a year off before college to travel across the country in a bus, leaving family and friends dismayed because she was postponing Princeton. At the year's end, she decided to attend Langley College, and she became a reporter for the local newspaper in Peekskill. She went to New York City towards the end of the series and decided to stay and pursue her writing career. The episode in which she checks out the SoHo loft she will eventually call home features Richard Grieco and David Spade as her future roommates. (The episode, which aired in 1988, was originally set up for Mindy Cohn to transition into a spinoff series, but the plans never materialized.) In the TV-movie, The Facts of Life Reunion, she is revealed to be a television news producer at CNN and is also involved with two different men; none of whom knew of the other. Her boyfriends Robert and Harper were willing, for a short time, to compete for her heart. Though her friends deemed Robert the winner, Natalie eventually choose Harper. While her now ex, Robert accepted this and parted with Natalie on good terms.
Natalie was the only one of the girls who was adopted. In one episode, Blair successfully tracked down Natalie's birthmother, but Natalie—who realized that her adoptive parents were her true parents, even though they weren't biologically related to her—refused to answer the phone and hear the results of the search, instead inviting her friends to taste the cake "my mother made." However, thanks in part to an argument with her adoptive mother during a 1982 episode, the subject arose again, and it was her adoptive mother who finally told Natalie who her biological mother was. Natalie tracked her down and met her, but as before, she still considered the mother who had reared her to be her mother.
Natalie also appears in two episodes of Diff'rent Strokes: "The Slumber Party" and "The Older Men".
Jo Polniaczek[edit]
Jo Polniaczek
First appearance
The New Girl, pt. 1
Last appearance
The Beginning of the Beginning
Portrayed by
Nancy McKeon
Information
Occupation
Student
Relatives
Charlie Polniaczek (father)
Rose Polniaczek (mother)
Josef Polniaczek (paternal grandfather)
Joanna Marie "Jo" Polniaczek was played by Nancy McKeon. Jo was first introduced in the second season in 1980, at 14 years old, arriving at the Eastland Academy on her motorcycle. She almost immediately formed a dislike for Blair Warner; Jo found Blair stuck-up, and Blair found Jo short-tempered, bossy, classless, and manly. In a memorable introduction, Blair introduced herself to Jo, to which Jo replied, "Charmed; I'm Gloria Vanderbilt." Jo was Polish American.
Jo convinced the gang to steal the school van and use fake IDs to buy drinks at a bar. The van was wrecked and the girls were forced to work in the Eastland cafeteria to make up the repair costs; this was from the second season two-part premiering in November 1980 "The New Girl Part 1". In the second episode "The New Girl Part 2", the girls were also placed on house probation and were forced to live in a room adjoining Mrs. Garrett's for a year; when the punishment expired, all four girls found other living arrangements, but were responsible for cleaning and painting their former room. While painting, their friendship began to rekindle culminating into an all-out paint fight, which severely damaged the hardwood floor requiring expensive repairs. The girls decided to move back in together and continued to work in the kitchen to pay off the bill for the damaged floor.
Blair's attitude toward Jo worsened when Blair's boyfriend asked Jo to a country club dance. However, Blair stood up for Jo when her would-be love interest tried to assault and humiliate her on the ninth green. When asked why Blair stood up for Jo, Blair stated, "At least when I insult you, I know what I'm talking about!" Another problem for Jo came when she shoplifted a blouse for Mrs. Garrett's birthday; Mrs. Garrett was subsequently arrested when she went to exchange the blouse for the smaller size, not knowing the garment was stolen.
Early on, Jo's sailor boyfriend, Eddie Brennan (actor Clark Brandon), came to Eastland and convinced her to marry him. They planned to elope to West Virginia, where the marriage age was lower, but Mrs. Garrett and Blair tracked her down at a nearby motel to stop her. Jo had by that point already begun to change her mind when she realized just how difficult teenage marriage would be. Jo returned to Peekskill without Eddie. Eddie visited again the following season but things had changed between them. They were moving in different directions and keeping the long distance relationship going was proving to be very difficult, so they decided to see other people for the time being. Eddie returned late in the fifth season, now an officer in the Navy but Tootie discovered he was married to a girl in Italy. Clark Brandon's last appearance was in the 5th season's 23rd episode "Seems Like Old Times".
In the 15th episode of the 4th season called "Teacher's Pet", Jo developed a friendship with her 26-year-old English teacher, Miss Gail Gallagher (played by Deborah Harmon), who was raised in a similar environment to that of Jo. Gail inspired Jo to think about becoming a teacher herself and Jo went as far as to calling her by her first name. When Jo learned from Blair that Gail was quitting Eastland, she became very disappointed believing that the reason was for a higher-paying job. She was crushed when she found out from Mrs. Garrett that it was because of something unthinkable – terminal illness. Jo was so shocked that she stopped going to Gail's class and shunned her completely. She tried to keep herself busy with things that would distract her from thoughts of Gail and went as far as breaking her evening curfew. When Mrs. Garrett and Tootie confronted her about her strange behavior, she managed to overcome the shock and fear and come to terms with Gail. Jo associated the fact that Gail's dying with her friend Gloria's death.
Many of Jo's stories revolved around her tomboyish ways. Jo got into verbal spars with girls who didn't think she was "feminine enough," and boys (including some of her boyfriends) were threatened by her mechanical aptitude, which she displayed by getting a job at a local garage.
In the later seasons, Jo's tomboyish image softened considerably, as she and the girls were growing up and was rarely raised as an issue again. Her relationship with Blair became more friendly as time went on (Jo would even refer to Blair as her best friend by the last season), although the two still argued, traded wisecracks and made fun of each other from time to time. Jo graduated from Eastland as valedictorian of her class, and attended Langley College with Blair, graduating with a degree in education. In one flashback-heavy episode; the ninth sixth-season episode "Dear Apple", Jo relayed her latest ongoing spat with Blair to a computer, which analyzed the data and concluded that Jo should stop being friends with Blair. At the end of the episode, Jo quietly threw the computer's printout away. During Season 6, Jo met and was romanced by a young rock singer named Flyman (played by Michael Damian) in the two-part episode, "Gone With the Wind". She was reunited with him in Season 7, where it was revealed he now had a lounge act in Las Vegas. In the last season, Jo married Rick Bonner, a concert musician, and she asked Blair to be her maid of honor.
Jo did not appear at the reunion TV special because it was stated that she was now a police officer and was working; however, Rick and their daughter Jamie did attend. This also coincided with Nancy McKeon's role as a policewoman in the drama series The Division since the reason she couldn't participate in the reunion was a conflict in her working schedule.
Tootie Ramsey[edit]
Tootie Ramsey
First appearance
The Girls School (Diff'rent Strokes)
"Rough Housing" (The Facts of Life)
Last appearance
The Facts of Life Reunion
Portrayed by
Kim Fields
Information
Occupation
Student
Relatives
Harrison "Rifle" Ramsey (father)
Paula/Diane Ramsey (mother)
Marshall Ramsey (brother)
Ethel (maternal grandmother)
Dorothy "Tootie" Ramsey was played by Kim Fields. She was the youngest of the main characters at the age of 11, and the only African-American girl. She and her family hailed from Washington, D.C.. She attended Eastland Academy for most of the show's run. Tootie's most-remembered attributes were her penchant for rollerskates (at first used by Facts of Life producers to mask Fields' short stature), her gossipy nature, and her braces. In real life, Kim Fields had to wear braces for three years, finally having them removed in 1984, after the show begins the sixth season. A lot of Tootie's gossip got her and her friends in trouble, and she was noted for her catch phrase, "We are in trou-ble!"
Tootie was involved in many issue-based storylines. For example, Tootie befriended a boy named Fred who insisted that she only associate with black people, in an attempt to realize "her true roots." In another episode, Tootie was chosen by a photographer to model for newspaper advertisements but was instead lured into a borderline kiddie porn operation and was saved by Mrs. Garrett at the last minute. During a trip to New York City, Tootie was almost strong-armed into prostitution before Mrs. Garrett found her and took her home. In another episode, she struggled with the race issue again when her best friend Natalie dated a relative of hers and Tootie intervened, causing conflict between Natalie and herself. Tootie's favorite singer is Michael Jackson's older brother Jermaine Jackson.
Tootie helped Mrs. Garrett with her bakery, Edna's Edibles, after school and then worked full-time at the gift shop Over Our Heads after she graduated from high school in 1986.
In the 2001 The Facts of Life Reunion TV movie, Tootie had attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London to pursue an acting career, was a Hollywood-based talk show host, and was the single mother of Tisha, a 10-year-old (fathered by her longtime boyfriend and later deceased husband, Jeff Williams). After her visit, Tootie (who now preferred to be called "Dorothy") decided to quit her talk show, Waking Up with Dorothy, and move to New York to take up the theater, but not before becoming the co-owner of the Peekskill Playhouse. Tisha Williams remained behind to attend Eastland Academy and continue the family tradition.
In addition to the Diff'rent Strokes episode "The Girls School" that serves as the pilot for The Facts of Life, Tootie also appears in "The Slumber Party", "The Bank Job", "First Day Blues" and "The Team".
Blair Warner[edit]
Blair Warner
First appearance
The Girls School (Diff'rent Strokes)
"Rough Housing" (The Facts of Life)
Last appearance
The Facts of Life Reunion
Portrayed by
Lisa Whelchel
Information
Occupation
Student
Relatives
David Warner, Jr. (father)
Monica Warner Eloise Hoffdale, neé Blair (mother)
Meg Warner (half-sister)
Bailey Hoffdale-Warner (sister)
Geri Warner (cousin)
Hon. Carlton Blair (maternal grandfather; deceased)
David Warner, Sr. (paternal grandfather)
Blair Warner was played by Lisa Whelchel. She was 14 at the series' beginning; an episode in the 1985–1986 season centered on her 21st birthday.
At the series' beginning in 1979, Blair was portrayed as a very rich and very rebellious girl from a blue blood background. She was seen smoking cigarettes, drinking beer, and enjoying great popularity with boys; unlike many of her classmates, she was looking to lose her virginity. When the show was retooled in 1980, all instances of her rebellion were either dropped or given to the new character of Jo Polniaczek, and Blair was rewritten as an unashamedly spoiled "daddy's girl".
Blair was vain, arrogant, egotistical, and shallow, but she is also funny, kind-hearted, and loving to Mrs. Garrett and her friends, especially Jo Polniaczek. She also got good grades, won school awards, was crowned Harvest Queen for 3 straight years, and even convinced a guy to move from Switzerland to attend school near her (when asked about it, Blair dryly remarked, "I've done it before.") Blair's delusions of grandeur were usually played for laughs when Natalie, Tootie or Jo would make sarcastic remarks about her "beauty", "perfect" personality, or "naturally blonde hair". Blair felt she was more important than "regular" people because she was the heiress to her father's multimillion-dollar business, Warner Textile Mills. Any crisis at Eastland would usually prompt a suggested solution from Blair, preceded by her catch phrase: "I just had another one of my brilliant ideas!" More often than not, though, her "brilliant ideas" were actually quite the opposite, although on at least two occasions they turned out to actually be brilliant. In the episode Growing Pains, it was her idea to have Mrs Garrett punish them after Tootie gets drunk on wine that Blair, Jo, and Natalie were responsible for, and in The Four Muskateers it was her idea to move back into the room and work in the kitchen to pay off the debt incurred when she and the other girls get into a paint fight while painting the room. She eventually developed a more down-to-earth attitude, especially after she suffered a car accident (after falling asleep at the wheel) that left her slightly scarred, spoiling her "perfect" beauty.
Blair's parents (played by Nicolas Coster and Marj Dusay) were divorced on June 14, 1973, and although she didn't usually show it, Blair wished that she had a nuclear family like all of her friends. Later in the series, her mother remarried (for the fourth time) and gave birth to a baby girl (Bailey). Blair had misgivings about her mother's pregnancy but fell in love with baby Bailey as soon as she saw her.
Another secret Blair kept from her friends was that her cousin Geri (played by comedian Geri Jewell) had cerebral palsy. She was not embarrassed by her cousin, but rather jealous of her, since Blair was used to being the center of attention. Mrs. Garrett told Blair not to lash out against Geri because of her jealousy, and Blair joined Geri, a successful comedian, onstage at an impromptu comedy show Geri threw at the Eastland Academy. Blair's big sister Meg visited Eastland to tell her little sister that she's going to become a nun in "Best Sister Part 1" and in "Best Sister Part 2" it's revealed that Blair is an atheist because she asked God to not allow her parents' divorce to become final in 1973, but her parents split up nevertheless.
Blair attended Eastland, and upon graduating in 1983, attended nearby Langley College. She worked with Mrs. Garrett at Edna's Edibles and, later, Over Our Heads. After graduating from Langley, she enrolled in law school. In the series finale, she purchases the financially troubled Eastland Academy and turns it into a co-educational school.
Blair's chief foil was Jo. The two made no secret of their mutual dislike: Jo found Blair spoiled and snobbish; Blair thought Jo was classless and crude. However, more than once Blair stuck up for and stood by Jo in her time of need (and vice versa), and eventually the two developed a much friendlier relationship. In one episode, Jo even declared Blair as her official best friend.
In the episode "Legacy," Blair, initially enthusiastic about a library being built with her family's funds and named after her late maternal grandfather, Judge Carlton Blair, thus immortalizing the name "Blair", was horrified to learn her grandfather had been a member of the Ku Klux Klan. The revelation devastated Blair and made her question all her assumptions about her supposed "superiority," even though Jo assured her "You're not prejudiced; you're a snob." She almost withdrew the library funding to avoid commemorating her grandfather but finally agreed to let it be built so long as it was not given the "Blair" name.
In addition to the Diff'rent Strokes episode "The Girls School" that serves as the pilot for The Facts of Life, Blair appears in "The Older Man".
In the 2001 TV movie The Facts of Life Reunion, Blair, who became a lawyer, is wealthier than ever and owns a hotel empire (Warner Enterprises) with her husband Tad Warner (no relation), managed by Mrs. Garrett's son Raymond; she and Tad have no children. At end of the movie, she and Tad decided to adopt a child.
Note: Actress Geri Reischl ("fake Jan" of The Brady Bunch Hour) was given the role of Blair Warner in the television pilot Garrett's Girls (later renamed The Facts of Life), but was forced to give it up due to her contract with General Mills.[1]
Cindy Webster[edit]
Cindy Webster
First appearance
"Rough Housing"
Last appearance
The Little Chill
Portrayed by
Julie Anne Haddock
Information
Occupation
Student
Cindy Webster was played by Julie Anne Haddock. She was around 12 years old at the beginning of The Facts of Life. Cindy was an athletic tomboy, who, at the start of the series, was worried she wasn't "normal". The first episode of The Facts of Life, which aired in summer 1979, focused on Cindy, who was concerned that she might like girls, after hearing disparaging remarks from snobby Blair. The episode tackled a sensitive issue during an era when lesbianism was rarely talked about on television, although reaction from modern-day critics has been mixed. Stephen Tropiano, writing in 2002, wrote: "While the episode is not really about homosexuality per se, it seems to deliver a contradictory message. On the one hand, wise Mrs. Garrett dispenses Cindy some good advice when she explains the value of being yourself [...] yet there is a sense of relief that Cindy is heading down the road to heterosexuality because she's fallen for a guy she met at the dance."[2]
On the series, Cindy's best friend and roommate was Sue Ann Weaver, and the pair appeared together frequently in many early episodes, including in an episode where the two girls fight over a racing competition ("Running", 1980). Cindy also does gymnastics and tries out for Harvest Queen at Eastland. She attends journalism class with Blair, Jo and Sue Ann. The character of Cindy Webster was gradually written out of the show between summer 1980 and winter 1982, with the character making only a few appearances during seasons two and three. However, she reappeared in the 1986 reunion episode "The Little Chill"; it was revealed in that episode that Cindy had become a model, and was now known professionally as Cindy Baker.
Beverly Ann Stickle[edit]
Beverly Ann Stickle
First appearance
"Out of Peekskill"
Last appearance
"The Beginning of the End: Part 1"
Portrayed by
Cloris Leachman
Information
Gender
Female
Occupation
Businesswoman
Spouse(s)
Frank Stickle (divorced)
Children
Andy Moffet (adopted son)
Relatives
Edna Garrett (sister)
Beverly Ann Stickle was played by Cloris Leachman.
Beverly Ann was first seen in the fall of 1986, after Mrs. Garrett married and moved to Africa to serve in the Peace Corps. In reality, actress Charlotte Rae's contract had expired, and she did not want to continue with the series. At the time, The Facts of Life was still lucrative for NBC, and NBC president Brandon Tartikoff chose to renew, but only with a new mother figure at the helm.
Beverly Ann, Mrs. Garrett's divorced sister, moved in with the girls as Mrs. Garrett wanted someone to keep an eye on them as she had. She became the property owner for Mrs. Garrett's house and the boutique store, Over Our Heads. Beverly Ann's role expanded from confidante to mother when she legally adopted Over Our Heads worker Andy (Mackenzie Astin), who was being shuffled from foster home to foster home.
She mentioned that she was named after her grandfather, Boris Ann.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ O'Hara's character was dropped after the fourth episode, "I.Q."
Jump up ^ Krenn was introduced in "Up from Down Under", the sixth episode of season 9, as a recurring character. She was promoted to the main cast beginning with the episode "Something in Common".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Love To Love You Bradys: The Bizarre Story Of The Brady Bunch Variety Hour. ECW Press. 2009. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-55022-888-5.
Jump up ^ Tropiano, Stephen (2002). The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 1-55783-557-8. p. 219.
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The House on the Edge of the Park
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ruggero Deodato
Produced by
Franco Di Nunzio
Franco Palaggi
Written by
Gianfranco Clerici
Vincenzo Mannino
Starring
David A. Hess
Annie Belle
Christian Borromeo
Giovanni Lombardo Radice
Marie Claude Joseph
Music by
Riz Ortolani
Cinematography
Sergio D'Offizi
Edited by
Vincenzo Tomassi
Production
company
F.D. Cinematografica
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date
5 November 1980 (1980-11-05) (Italy)
22 February 1985 (1985-02-22) (US)
Running time
91 minutes
Country
Italy
Language
English
The House on the Edge of the Park (Italian: La casa sperduta nel parco) is a 1980 English-language Italian exploitation thriller film written by Gianfranco Clerici and Vincenzo Mannino, and directed by Ruggero Deodato. It stars David A. Hess (from Wes Craven's The Last House on the Left, playing a similar character), and Giovanni Lombardo Radice.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Controversy
5 Sequel
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Alex is a serial-killer driving around New York City at night when he spots a young woman, Susan, driving alongside him. He follows her to a nearby park where he rapes her before strangling her to death. He takes her locket as a trophy to another one of his many killings.
Some time later, Alex and his friend Ricky are closing up the underground garage where they both work, planning to go to a local disco. Before they can leave, a Cadillac pulls in with a young, well-dressed couple (Tom and his girlfriend Lisa) asking for help with their car. Alex refuses to help them, saying that the garage is closed, but the slow-witted Ricky decides to help and easily fixes the problem. Tom tells Alex and Ricky that they are driving to a friend's house in New Jersey for a party, and invites them along. Before leaving, Alex stops by his locker, which is filled with various weapons he uses to murder people, and takes a straight-edged razor.
The four arrive at a large villa where they are welcomed by the owner Gloria and her friends Glenda and Howard. Minutes later it becomes obvious that the rich people - like Alex and Ricky - are looking for easy thrills. Gloria asks Ricky to do a striptease to some disco music and he makes a fool of himself, and is further humiliated by being goaded to drink alcohol with each move. However, Alex stops Ricky before he strips completely naked. Tom, Howard and Glenda next play poker with Ricky, while Lisa begins sexually teasing Alex and invites him upstairs to shower with her, only to push him away. As Alex grows more frustrated, he sees that the hosts are cheating at poker with Ricky. Alex pulls out the straight-edge razor, and a fight breaks out between him and Howard. Alex throws Howard outside the back door, beats him viciously, and throws him into the pool. Laughing, Alex urinates on Howard and drags him back inside, tying him to a piano leg and proclaiming that he is running the party now.
Alex and Ricky proceed to beat on their hosts-turned-hostages with Alex slashing Tom's face with the razor and beating his face into the poker table. Ricky holds the others at bay with a wine bottle while Alex sexually assaults both Gloria and Glenda. Lisa runs to an upstairs bedroom where she tries to escape, but Alex catches her and proceeds to rape her. When Alex takes Lisa downstairs to rejoin the others, the doorbell rings. Alex forces Gloria to answer; when she opens the door, it's their teenage neighbor, Cindy. Alex grabs Cindy, while Gloria tries to escape. Ricky, still holding the broken wine bottle, runs outside after Gloria and catches her, showing Gloria that he means her no harm by tossing aside the wine bottle. Gloria responds to his simple nature by taking off her clothes and seducing him.
Inside, Alex cuts Cindy's blouse off with the razor while singing. Ricky then returns to the house with Gloria just as Alex forces Cindy to strip off the rest of her clothes, and proceeds to savagely slash her with his razor over and over again. At this point, Ricky comes to a realization and attempts to stop Alex. Upset at being betrayed by his friend, Alex turns against Ricky and slashes his abdomen wide open, and then breaks down in regret.
Bloodied and battered, Tom runs into the nearby study and pulls out a 9mm pistol out from a desk drawer. Tom shoots Alex a few times, then kicks him through the glass back door. Gloria and the other women untie Howard, and the five descend upon the fatally wounded Alex lying on the ground. Tom removes the locket Alex is wearing and reveals the reason for all this: the woman that Alex raped and murdered at the park is Tom's sister and Tom wanted revenge. He and Lisa wanted to lure them to Gloria's house so they could kill them and make it look like self-defense. After shouting at him, Tom shoots the wounded Alex in the groin, making him fall into the swimming pool. Tom and Lisa take turns shooting Alex, who thrashes weakly in the water, before a final bullet to the head by Howard finishes him for good.
Returning to the house, Gloria stops Howard from shooting Ricky, while Glenda tends to the wounded Cindy. Tom and Lisa go into the study where they talk about their plan. Tom says that despite some mistakes, that it worked out for the best, and then picks up the phone to call the police.
Cast[edit]
David A. Hess as Alex
Annie Belle as Lisa
Christian Borromeo as Tom
Giovanni Lombardo Radice as Ricky
Marie Claude Joseph as Glenda
Gabriele Di Giulio as Howard
Brigitte Petronio as Cindy
Karoline Mardeck as Susan
Lorraine De Selle as Gloria
Production[edit]
The entire film was shot in only three weeks in September 1979, under a very limited budget. The majority of the filming was done in New York City, while some shots were completed at Incir De Paolis Studios in Rome, Italy
Controversy[edit]
The House on the Edge of the Park was initially rejected for a UK cinema certificate by the BBFC when first submitted on 16 March 1981,[2] and later found itself on the DPP list of "video nasties" when it was revealed that the uncut version was readily available on UK video. When it was eventually passed by the BBFC in July 2002, it was cut by 11 minutes and 43 seconds, with almost all of the rape and violence either replaced or removed entirely. It was resubmitted in 2011 and received an almost uncut release, now only being cut by 42 seconds.
The USA Media Blasters release is completely uncut at 91 minutes.[3]
Once during an interview about the making of the film, Deodato was asked about his initial thoughts of the script when he first read it. He responded: "I thought it was too violent. I make violent films, but softer ones. But this film was full of violence, and that made me uncomfortable. When I met David Hess, I thought that with my direction I could make him do anything. But when I first read it, I found it quite disturbing."[citation needed]
In 2006, the BBFC commissioned a group of academics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth to conduct research into people's responses to films that include scenes of sexual violence. The House on the Edge of the Park is one of the films included in their remit to examine.[citation needed]
Sequel[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
On 27 February 2011, the Dread Central movie website exclusively reported that UK production company North Bank Entertainment were teaming up with director Deodato and actor Radice for The House on the Edge of the Park Part II, a direct sequel to the original film.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring home invasions
References[edit]
Jump up ^ HOUSE ON THE EDGE OF THE PARK Mondo Digital
Jump up ^ "THE HOUSE ON THE EDGE OF THE PARK (REJECTED)". British Board of Film Classification. 16 March 1981. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
Jump up ^ The House On The Edge Of The Park (a.k.a. La Casa Sperduta Nel Parco) (1980)
External links[edit]
The House on the Edge of the Park on IMDb
The House on the Edge of the Park at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Ruggero Deodato
Phenomenal and the Treasure of Tutankhamen (1968)
Zenabel (1969)
Waves of Lust (1975)
Live Like a Cop, Die Like a Man (1976)
Ultimo mondo cannibale (1977)
Last Feelings (1978)
Concorde Affaire '79 (1979)
Cannibal Holocaust (1980)
The House on the Edge of the Park (1980)
The Atlantis Interceptors (1983)
Cut and Run (1985)
The Barbarians (1987)
Body Count (1987)
Phantom of Death (1988)
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Films directed by Ruggero Deodato
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Fox (UK and Ireland)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Fox
Launched
12 January 2004
Owned by
21st Century Fox
Picture format
576i (SDTV 16:9)
1080i (HDTV)
Audience share
0.48%
0.05% (+1) (November 2017 (2017-11), BARB)
Slogan
'First on Fox'
'The best. First.'
Country
United Kingdom
Ireland
Formerly called
FX289 (2004–05)
FX (2005–2013)
Timeshift service
Fox +1
Website
www.foxtv.co.uk
Availability
Satellite
Sky
Channel 124 (SD/HD)
Channel 165 (+1)
Channel 188 (SD)
Cable
Virgin Media
Channel 157
Channel 158 (+1)
Channel 199 (HD)
Virgin Media Ireland
Channel 126
Channel 166 (+1)
Channel 176 (HD)
IPTV
TalkTalk TV
Channel 316
Freewire
Channel 146
Streaming media
Sky Go
Watch live (UK and Ireland only)
Now TV
Watch live (UK and Ireland only)
Virgin TV Anywhere (UK)
Watch live (UK only)
Virgin TV Anywhere (Ireland)
Watch live (Ireland only)
Fox (stylised as FOX) is a television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland, owned by 21st Century Fox. It launched on 12 January 2004 and was originally known as FX (in line with the American channel of the same name). Featuring a mix of animated comedies and American drama series, the channel's age demographic is adults aged 18 to 35 years old.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 FX289 (2004–05)
1.2 FX (2005–2013)
1.3 Fox (2013–present)
1.4 Removal from BT TV
2 Timeshift
3 Fox HD
4 Programming
4.1 Current programming[16]
4.2 Former programming
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
FX289 (2004–05)[edit]
FX logo (2011-2013).
The channel launched on 12 January 2004 and was originally branded as FX289, in reference to its Sky EPG number.[2]
FX (2005–2013)[edit]
In April 2005, the channel was rebranded as FX as it moved in the Sky EPG.[3] As FX, the channel targeted a demographic of mainly males between 18 and 49 years old.[4] Unlike FX in the USA, it promoted both Fox-produced and non-Fox-produced shows. It had a similar format to its American sister channel, with a schedule consisting largely of Fox-produced shows, including comedies such as Arrested Development, Family Guy, American Dad! and King of the Hill, and dramas such as Millennium, The Shield, The X-Files, Nip/tuck and NYPD Blue. Non-Fox-produced shows rerun or receiving their UK premiere on the channel include The Walking Dead, Falling Skies, Babylon 5, Carnivàle, Highlander, JAG, NCIS, Sleeper Cell, E-Ring and Huff, Generation Kill, True Blood, Mob City and Dexter.
Fox (2013–present)[edit]
The channel was rebranded as Fox at 9:00pm GMT on 11 January 2013 as part of an attempt to broaden its schedule.[5][6][7] The target demographic of Fox is both men and women aged between 18 and 35 years old.[1] New programmes added to the schedule included Louie, The Ricki Lake Show, Men at Work, Da Vinci's Demons and the second season of The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret, while many of the programmes that featured on FX continued to broadcast such as The Walking Dead, Dexter, True Blood, Falling Skies, Family Guy and NCIS. Fox also plan to commission up to 50 hours of original UK content by the end of the year, expecting to spend between £5m and £10m.[8]
Removal from BT TV[edit]
Fox was removed from the BT YouView platform on 1 March 2016, BT stated in an e-mail to customers that Fox had "changed the way they offer their TV channels to TV providers."[9]
Timeshift[edit]
Fox operates a one-hour timeshift named Fox +1. The channel originally launched as a two-hour timeshift service, as FX +, and was joined on Sky by FX +1 on 10 December 2007. The branding of sister timeshift channel FX + had not been changed to reflect this, causing confusion due to the two being very similar in name (FX +, FX +1), with viewers assuming a mistake or a double-over of the channel.[citation needed]
On Monday 28 April 2008, FX +1 ceased broadcasting and its slot was replaced with FX HD. On 1 September 2008, to coincide with Sky's EPG reshuffle, FX + became a 1-hour timeshift. The channel was rebranded as Fox + on 11 January 2013, in line with the main channel. The channel was renamed to Fox +1 on March 18, 2017.[10] (The channel's former name, Fox +, is not to be confused with the Latin American group of premium channels now known as Fox Premium, which used the name "Fox+" from November 3, 2014 until they were rebranded to the current name on March 11, 2017.)
Fox HD[edit]
Fox HD is a high definition television channel, which launched on Monday 28 April 2008 at 10:00pm in the UK and Ireland as FX HD. It initially broadcast a completely separate schedule from the standard definition channel, with only HD content and without ads.
FX HD was originally due to launch on 21 April 2008,[11] but as stated on the FX Forums the date was pushed back to 28 April 2008 due to "technical problems at the transmission end".[12]
On 24 April 2009, FX HD become a simulcast of FX, broadcasting HD content when possible but only broadcasting between 7:00pm and 2:00am every day. On 5 January 2010, FX HD increased it broadcast hours to match its SD counterpart.
The channel also joined Virgin Media's digital cable TV lineup on channel 158 on 30 July 2009.[13]
The channel was rebranded as Fox HD on 11 January 2013, in line with the main channel.
Programming[edit]
As well as British and American programming, the channel has aired a number of international programmes. These include Last Man Standing and The Nominees from Australia; Jo from France; Charlie Jade, a co-production between Canada and South Africa; and the Flemish series Matrioshki, which was shown with subtitles.
Original content has also aired on the channel, including No Signal! which aired from February to April 2009.
For several weeks from 5 December 2005, FX carried a strand of programming from the Fox-owned American channel Fuel TV. The strand was identified as FX Presents Fuel TV, and made use of Fuel TV's US branding graphics. The strand ran for an hour from 10:00a.m., and was repeated in the early hours of the following morning. In August 2015, FOX UK announced that a variety of Adult Swim programs would air on the channel including adult animated sci-fi comedy Rick and Morty starting Thursday September 10 of that year.[14] On September 10, 2015 Adult Swim (UK & Ireland) moved to Fox along with Trutv airing Rick and Morty and Mr. Pickles as its first day line up.[15] as of 2016 it airs of Fridays from 12am to 1am.

Current programming[16][edit]
The Walking Dead (also on Spike)
NCIS (also on Channel 5, 5USA and CBS Action)
Bones (also on Sky Living, Pick and YourTV)
Lie to Me
American Horror Story
Lucifer
Wayward Pines
The Mentalist
Body Of Proof
11.22.63
The Orville
Monk
Outcast
Murder in the First
The Gifted
Bull
Family Guy (also on ITV2)
American Dad! (also on ITV2)
Wolf Creek
Shots Fired
Legion
Braquo
Former programming[edit]
No Signal!
Dan Vs.
The Nutshack
King of the Hill
Dream Corp LLC
Aqua Teen Hunger Force
Tim and Eric's Bedtime Stories
Your Pretty Face is Going to Hell
The Venture Bros.
The Cleveland Show (now airs on ITV2)
Rick and Morty (now airs on Comedy Central)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (now on Syfy)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "FOX". Fox International Channels. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Chapman, Iain (7 September 2004). "FX289 to undergo design revamp". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Jay, Alan (14 April 2005). "FX moves EPG positions on Sky". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "FX". Fox International Channels. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ O'Reilly, Lara (15 November 2012). "FX rebrands to Fox". Marketing Week. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Howell, Jordan (11 January 2013). "FOX brand arrives in the UK tonight – first look". imediamonkey®. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Martinovic, Paul (11 January 2013). "FX becomes FOX: New promo video, idents released". Digital Spy. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ White, Peter (10 January 2013). "Fox to spend millions on original UK content push". Broadcast. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "BT loses 'The Walking Dead' after FOX pulls out".
Jump up ^ https://overnights.tv/public/content/News.aspx
Jump up ^ Welsh, James; Wilkes, Neil (8 April 2008). "FXHD to launch this month". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "FX HD to launch on the 21st? Is this correct please?". FX. 4 September 2008. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Virgin Media and Channel 4 bring 4HD to millions of TV screens". Virgin Media. 29 July 2009.
Jump up ^ "Rick and Morty are coming to FOX UK". 5 August 2015.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Limited, Fox Networks Group (UK). "FOX-SHOWS". www.foxtv.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fox_(UK_and_Ireland)&oldid=818596583"
Categories:
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Fox Sports (Philippines)

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