text:
Area codes 843 and 854
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Area codes 843 and 854 serve the eastern third of South Carolina. They cover the Grand Strand, the Lowcountry, the Pee Dee, and the Sandhills. Major cities in the region include Myrtle Beach, Charleston, Beaufort, Hilton Head Island and Florence. 843 is the main area code, while 854 is an overlay that was implemented in 2015.
843 entered service on March 22, 1998, as a split from 803. In 2013, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator determined that 843 would run out of numbers in 2015.[1] In addition to the rapid growth of the Grand Strand, Charleston and Beaufort/Hilton Head areas, most of the southern portion of the area code is part of the Savannah, Georgia LATA, meaning several numbers in Savannah's area code 912 are not available for use.
On December 9, 2013, it was decided that the 843 territory would receive the state's first overlay, to be effective probably in early 2015.[2] On December 16, 2013, the new area code of 854 was announced. [3] 854 entered service on March 14, 2015. Permissive dialing continued until September 18, 2015, during which both seven- and ten-digit dialing were allowed. On September 19, 2015, ten-digit dialing became mandatory in the 843/854 territory. The first new 854 numbers will likely be issued sometime in the fall of 2015.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Major cities
2 Counties
3 References
4 See also
Major cities[edit]
Florence
Myrtle Beach
Charleston
Beaufort
Hilton Head Island
Counties[edit]
Florence
Darlington
Horry
Marion
Dillon
Marlboro
Chesterfield
Berkeley
Charleston
Georgetown
Williamsburg
Colleton
Jasper
Beaufort
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.nanpa.com/pdf/NRUF/April_2013_NPA_Exhaust_Analysis.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20131204/PC16/131209732/1005/plan-for-new-area-code-gets-approval-callers-will-need-to-dial-10-digits
Jump up ^ New area code for South Carolina revealed – The Post and Courier
Jump up ^ http://www.regulatorystaff.sc.gov/Documents/News%20Archives/PL-463-843%20NPA%20Overlay.pdf
See also[edit]
NANPA Area Code Map of South Carolina
List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 843 Area Code

South Carolina area codes: 803, 843, 864
North: 704/980, 910
West: 803 Area code 843/854 East: Atlantic Ocean, 441
South: 912
North Carolina area codes: 252, 336, 704, 828, 910, 919, 980
Georgia area codes: 229, 404, 470, 478, 678, 706, 762, 770, 912
Coordinates: 33°20′N 80°2′W / 33.333°N 80.033°W / 33.333; -80.033
This article related to a telephone area code is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Start codon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met (fMet) in prokaryotes. The most common start codon is AUG.
The start codon is often preceded by a 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). In prokaryotes this includes the ribosome binding site.
Contents
[hide]
1 Alternative start codons
1.1 Eukaryotes
1.2 Prokaryotes
2 Standard genetic code
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Alternative start codons[edit]
Alternative start codons are different from the standard AUG codon and are found in both prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes. Alternate start codons are still translated as Met when they are at the start of a protein (even if the codon encodes a different amino acid otherwise). This is because a separate transfer RNA (tRNA) is used for initiation.[1]
Bioinformatics programs usually allow for alternate start codons when searching for protein coding genes.[citation needed]
Eukaryotes[edit]
Alternate start codons (non AUG) are very rare in eukaryotic genomes. However, naturally occurring non-AUG start codons have been reported for some cellular mRNAs.[2] Seven out of the nine possible single-nucleotide substitutions at the AUG start codon of dihydrofolate reductase were functional as translation start sites in mammalian cells.[3] In addition to the canonical Met-tRNA Met and AUG codon pathway, mammalian cells can initiate translation with leucine using a specific leucyl-tRNA that decodes the codon CUG.[4][5]
Mitochondrial genomes (and prokaryotes) use alternate start codons more significantly (AUA and AUU in humans and mainly GUG and UUG in prokaryotes).[6]
Prokaryotes[edit]
E. coli uses 83% AUG (3542/4284), 14% (612) GUG, 3% (103) UUG[7] and one or two others (e.g., an AUU and possibly a CUG).[8][9]
Well-known coding regions that do not have AUG initiation codons are those of lacI (GUG)[10][11] and lacA (UUG)[12] in the E. coli lac operon. Two more recent studies have independently shown that 17 or more non-AUG start codons may initiate translation in E. coli.[13][14]
Standard genetic code[edit]
Amino acids biochemical properties nonpolar polar basic acidic Termination: stop codon
Standard genetic code
1st
base
2nd base
3rd
base
U
C
A
G
U
UUU (Phe/F) Phenylalanine UCU (Ser/S) Serine UAU (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine UGU (Cys/C) Cysteine
U
UUC UCC UAC UGC
C
UUA (Leu/L) Leucine UCA UAA[B] Stop (Ochre) UGA[B] Stop (Opal)
A
UUG UCG UAG[B] Stop (Amber) UGG (Trp/W) Tryptophan
G
C
CUU CCU (Pro/P) Proline CAU (His/H) Histidine CGU (Arg/R) Arginine
U
CUC CCC CAC CGC
C
CUA CCA CAA (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGA
A
CUG CCG CAG CGG
G
A
AUU (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACU (Thr/T) Threonine AAU (Asn/N) Asparagine AGU (Ser/S) Serine
U
AUC ACC AAC AGC
C
AUA ACA AAA (Lys/K) Lysine AGA (Arg/R) Arginine
A
AUG[A] (Met/M) Methionine ACG AAG AGG
G
G
GUU (Val/V) Valine GCU (Ala/A) Alanine GAU (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGU (Gly/G) Glycine
U
GUC GCC GAC GGC
C
GUA GCA GAA (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGA
A
GUG GCG GAG GGG
G
A The codon AUG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first AUG in an mRNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[15]
B ^ ^ ^ The historical basis for designating the stop codons as amber, ochre and opal is described in an autobiography by Sydney Brenner[16] and in a historical article by Bob Edgar.[17]
See also[edit]
Central dogma of molecular biology
Codon
Messenger RNA
Stop codon
Transfer RNA
Translation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lobanov, A. V.; Turanov, A. A.; Hatfield, D. L.; Gladyshev, V. N. (2010). "Dual functions of codons in the genetic code". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 45 (4): 257–65. doi:10.3109/10409231003786094. PMC 3311535  . PMID 20446809.
Jump up ^ Ivanov IP, Firth AE, Michel AM, Atkins JF, Baranov PV (2011). "Identification of evolutionarily conserved non-AUG-initiated N-terminal extensions in human coding sequences". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (10): 4220–4234. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr007. PMC 3105428  . PMID 21266472.
Jump up ^ Peabody, D. S. (1989). "Translation initiation at non-AUG triplets in mammalian cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (9): 5031–5. PMID 2538469.
Jump up ^ Starck, S. R.; Jiang, V; Pavon-Eternod, M; Prasad, S; McCarthy, B; Pan, T; Shastri, N (2012). "Leucine-tRNA initiates at CUG start codons for protein synthesis and presentation by MHC class I". Science. 336 (6089): 1719–23. doi:10.1126/science.1220270. PMID 22745432.
Jump up ^ Dever, T. E. (2012). "Molecular biology. A new start for protein synthesis". Science. 336 (6089): 1645–6. doi:10.1126/science.1224439. PMID 22745408.
Jump up ^ Watanabe, Kimitsuna; Suzuki, Tsutomu (2001). "Genetic Code and its Variants". doi:10.1038/npg.els.0000810.
Jump up ^ Blattner, F. R.; Plunkett g, G.; Bloch, C. A.; Perna, N. T.; Burland, V.; Riley, M.; Collado-Vides, J.; Glasner, J. D.; Rode, C. K.; Mayhew, G. F.; Gregor, J.; Davis, N. W.; Kirkpatrick, H. A.; Goeden, M. A.; Rose, D. J.; Mau, B.; Shao, Y. (1997). "The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12". Science. 277 (5331): 1453–1462. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1453. PMID 9278503.
Jump up ^ Sacerdot, C.; Fayat, G.; Dessen, P.; Springer, M.; Plumbridge, J. A.; Grunberg-Manago, M.; Blanquet, S. (1982). "Sequence of a 1.26-kb DNA fragment containing the structural gene for E.coli initiation factor IF3: Presence of an AUU initiator codon". The EMBO Journal. 1 (3): 311–315. PMC 553041  . PMID 6325158.
Jump up ^ Missiakas, D.; Georgopoulos, C.; Raina, S. (1993). "The Escherichia coli heat shock gene htpY: Mutational analysis, cloning, sequencing, and transcriptional regulation". Journal of Bacteriology. 175 (9): 2613–2624. PMC 204563  . PMID 8478327.
Jump up ^ E.coli lactose operon with lacI, lacZ, lacY and lacA genes GenBank: J01636.1
Jump up ^ Farabaugh, P. J. (1978). "Sequence of the lacI gene". Nature. 274 (5673): 765–769. doi:10.1038/274765a0. PMID 355891.
Jump up ^ NCBI Sequence Viewer v2.0
Jump up ^ Hecht, Ariel; Glasgow, Jeff; Jaschke, Paul R.; Bawazer, Lukmaan A.; Munson, Matthew S.; Cochran, Jennifer R.; Endy, Drew; Salit, Marc (2017). "Measurements of translation initiation from all 64 codons in E. coli". Nucleic Acids Research. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx070.
Jump up ^ Firnberg, Elad; Labonte, Jason; Gray, Jeffrey; Ostermeir, Marc A. (2014). "A comprehensive, high-resolution map of a gene's fitness landscape". Molecular Biology & Evolution. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu081.
Jump up ^ Nakamoto T (March 2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene. 432 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476.
Jump up ^ Brenner S. A Life in Science (2001) Published by Biomed Central Limited ISBN 0-9540278-0-9 see pages 101-104
Jump up ^ Edgar B (2004). "The genome of bacteriophage T4: an archeological dig". Genetics. 168 (2): 575–82. PMC 1448817  . PMID 15514035. see pages 580-581
External links[edit]
The Genetic Codes. Compiled by Andrzej (Anjay) Elzanowski and Jim Ostell, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Bethesda, Maryland, US[1]
[hide]
v
t
e
Protein biosynthesis: translation (bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic)
Proteins
Initiation factor
Bacterial
PIF-1
PIF-2
PIF-3
Archaeal
aIF1
aIF2
aIF5
aIF6
Eukaryotic
eIF1
eIF1
EIF1AX
AY
1B
eIF2
EIF2S1
EIF2S2
EIF2S3
EIF2B1
EIF2B2
EIF2B3
EIF2B4
EIF2B5
EIF-2 kinase
eIF2A
eIF2D
eIF3
EIF3A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
eIF4
EIF4A2
A3
B
E1
E2
E3
G1
G2
G3
H
eIF5
EIF5
EIF5A
A2
5B
eIF6
EIF6
Elongation factor
Bacterial
EF-Tu
EF-Ts
EF-G
Archaeal
aEF-1
aEF-2
Eukaryotic
EEF-1
EEF1A1
EEF1A2
EEF1A3
EEF1B1
EEF1B2
EEF1B3
EEF1B4
EEF1D
EEF1E1
EEF1G
EEF2
Release factor
Bacterial
Archaeal
Eukaryotic (ETF1)
Ribosomal Proteins
Cytoplasmic
60S subunit
RPL3
RPL4
RPL5
RPL6
RPL7
RPL7A
RPL8
RPL9
RPL10
RPL10A
RPL10-like
RPL11
RPL12
RPL13
RPL13A
RPL14
RPL15
RPL17
RPL18
RPL18A
RPL19
RPL21
RPL22
RPL23
RPL23A
RPL24
RPL26
RPL27
RPL27A
RPL28
RPL29
RPL30
RPL31
RPL32
RPL34
RPL35
RPL35A
RPL36
RPL36A
RPL37
RPL37A
RPL38
RPL39
RPL40
RPL41
RPLP0
RPLP1
RPLP2
RRP15-like
RSL24D1
40S subunit
RPSA
RPS2
RPS3
RPS3A
RPS4 (RPS4X, RPS4Y1, RPS4Y2)
RPS5
RPS6
RPS7
RPS8
RPS9
RPS10
RPS11
RPS12
RPS13
RPS14
RPS15
RPS15A
RPS16
RPS17
RPS18
RPS19
RPS20
RPS21
RPS23
RPS24
RPS25
RPS26
RPS27
RPS27A
RPS28
RPS29
RPS30
RACK1
Mitochondrial
39S subunit
MRPL1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
28S subunit
MRPS1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Other concepts
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Reading frame
Start codon
Stop codon
Shine-Dalgarno sequence/Kozak consensus sequence
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Start_codon&oldid=824839123"
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Fear Factor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the American television show. For other uses, see Fear factor (disambiguation).
Fear Factor
Genre
Stunt/dare game show
Presented by
Joe Rogan (2001–06; 2011–12)
Ludacris (2017–)
Theme music composer
Russ Landau
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
Original series: 6
Revived series: 1
MTV series: 2
No. of episodes
Original series: 144
Revived series: 9
MTV series: 18
Production
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
Pulse Creative
Evolution Film & Tape (season 1)
Endemol USA
NBC Enterprises
Distributor
NBCUniversal Television Distribution (syndication only)[1]
Endemol Shine Group
Release
Original network
NBC (2001–06; 2011–12)
MTV (2017–)
Picture format
480i SDTV (2001–06)
1080i HDTV (2011–12; 2017–)
Original release
Original series:
June 11, 2001 (2001-06-11) – September 12, 2006 (2006-09-12)
First revived series:
December 11, 2011 (2011-12-11) – July 16, 2012 (2012-07-16)
Second revived series:
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) – present
External links
Website
Fear Factor is an American stunt/dare game show that originally aired on NBC from 2001 to 2006. It was later revived by NBC in 2011, only to be cancelled again in 2012. The show was revived a second time in 2017 to air on MTV. The original Dutch version was called Now or Neverland. When Endemol USA and NBC adapted it to the American market in 2001, they changed the name to Fear Factor. The show pits contestants against each other in a variety of stunts for a grand prize, usually of US $50,000. From seasons one to five, the contestants were generally three men and three women, all competing for themselves, but in season six, the show moved to a permanent format of four teams of two people, each with a pre-existing relationship with one another. The show was originally hosted by comedian and UFC commentator Joe Rogan, produced by Matt Kunitz and David A. Hurwitz, and directed by J. Rupert Thompson. Rapper/actor Ludacris took over as host when the show was rebooted in 2017.
Contents
1 History
2 Original format (2001–06)
2.1 Special formats
2.1.1 Four Stunt Show
2.1.2 Extended competitions
2.1.3 Other formats
3 Revived series (2011–12)
3.1 US Nielsen ratings
4 MTV format (2017–present)
5 International versions
6 Criticism
7 Spin-off products
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
As NBC's answer to the successful series Survivor, the show was initially a hit for the network in the summer of 2001, and built strong ratings and popularity for the next couple of seasons. Joe Rogan, then known for his role on the sitcom NewsRadio (1995-1999) and as a commentator for Ultimate Fighting Championship was hired as the host. According to a 2015 interview with Art Bell, Rogan expected Fear Factor would be cancelled after a few episodes due to objections with some of the content and further reported that he took the job mainly to obtain observations and anecdotes for his stand-up comedy career.[2]
The series had a runaway success during the first few seasons, but after the series' fourth season, the popularity and ratings for Fear Factor began to decline. By 2006, when Fear Factor was in it's six season, the ratings for the series were in steep decline as a result of content concerns and a growing loss of viewer interest, coupled with the series facing tough competition with other TV shows in the same time slot. As a result, the series was only averaging a 2.6 in the ratings. [3][4] Later that year, Fear Factor faced tough competition with the TV ratings champion, Fox's talent series American Idol on Tuesday nights, and the ratings declined further, and continued to trend further downward during this period. Despite much publicity concerning an improved format and better stunts for Season Six, the series' ratings continued to drop and consequently, NBC put the struggling program on hiatus for the remainder of the season to make room for the sitcom Joey, which was removed from the NBC lineup a few weeks later. After a continuous and steep drop in the series' ratings, it was officially cancelled by NBC in May 2006 after six seasons and the network began airing the remainder of the season on June 13, 2006, with the remaining episodes to be aired throughout the summer, with it's last episode airing on September 12, 2006. In 2004, Fear Factor became the first network reality show to be syndicated. Over its six seasons, Fear Factor earned NBC a reported $600 million in advertising revenue. Currently only the first season has been released on DVD, but in early 2009, plans were made to release a box set containing the entire series on DVD. The project was put on hold for an unknown reason in March 2010. On June 5, 2010, it was announced that the project was cancelled because of the low sales of the first season DVD.
With Chiller airing reruns of the show every Sunday night, the ratings on Chiller led to Comcast informing Entertainment Weekly in a May 31, 2011 report that Fear Factor would be revived for a new season. Eight episodes were ordered, with two of them being two-hour episodes and Rogan returning to the hosting duties.[5][6] The revival was shot in high-definition, and owing to concerns over the then-ongoing NFL Lockout and the loss of NBC Sunday Night Football episodes, TV Guide reported in early July the show could be ready as early as September as lockout replacement programming.[7] (NBC eventually lost one episode, the season premiere Hall of Fame Game, because of the lockout that ended in late July) The program began airing December 12, 2011,[8] with the final episode airing July 16, 2012. On May 13, 2012, NBC announced that Fear Factor was officially cancelled.[9]
In April 2017, MTV announced that it would be reviving Fear Factor a second time for 12-episode season. The first season of MTV's Fear Factor premiered on May 30, 2017 and concluded on August 22, 2017. Just prior to the first-season finale, it was announced that MTV had renewed the series for a second season consisting of 20 episodes.[10] The second season, subtitled Season From Hell, began airing on February 25, 2018.[11] The MTV revival is hosted by Ludacris and continues to use the format of four teams competing for a $50,000 prize. The stunts draw inspiration from elements of pop culture, such as horror movies, urban legends, and viral videos.[12]
In addition to Chiller, reruns of Fear Factor have aired in syndication, on FX and MTV2. The series also has a YouTube channel, where previously unaired footage is shown.
Original format (2001–06)[edit]
Before the contestants are introduced (and at the half-way point of a two-hour special), Rogan gives a verbal disclaimer. The wording has changed with certain versions, but this is one most commonly used:
“ I'm Joe Rogan, and this is Fear Factor. The stunts you're about to see were all designed and supervised by trained professionals. They are extremely dangerous and should not be attempted by anyone, anywhere, anytime. ”
The normal format involves three men and three women, or four teams of two people with a pre-existing relationship, who have to complete three professional stunts to win US$50,000. If a contestant/team is too scared to attempt a stunt, failed to complete a stunt, or (in some cases) had the worst performance on a stunt, they are eliminated from the competition. If only one contestant/team successfully completes the first or the second stunt, they automatically win $25,000, and the other contestants eliminated in the stunt along with the winner of the stunt return for the next stunt to compete for the remaining $25,000. If no one successfully completed the first or the second stunt, then all of the contestants/teams eliminated in the stunt would return to the next stunt to compete for a reduced $25,000 (this rule did not apply for non-elimination stunts). The only exception to this was in season one, where if one person completed the stunt, then the completer won $10,000 and the $50,000 grand prize was not reduced.
Only once in the history of Fear Factor did the $50,000 top prize go unclaimed in an episode. This happened on a Best Friends edition on September 27, 2004, when none of the remaining teams were able to complete the final stunt. In the stunt, one member of each team had to drive a ramp car, while the other member had to drive a sports car. The one driving the sports car had to drive it onto the truck bed via the ramp car. If the sports car fell off of the truck bed at any time, the team was automatically eliminated. Had it been successfully completed, the team who did this the fastest would have won. However, the last remaining contestants walked away with two Mazda vehicles for winning a previous stunt (see Second stunt).
After the acquisition of Universal Studios of Vivendi by NBC's parent company General Electric in 2004, contestants could win vacations in order to promote the theme park division of NBCUniversal at Universal Orlando, or win trips to Universal Studios in Hollywood.
The order of the stunts on a typical episode of Fear Factor is as follows:
First stunt: The first stunt is designed to physically test each of the contestants or teams (for example, jumping from one building to the next or hanging from a helicopter and collecting flags on a ladder). Usually, the two men and the two women, or the three teams, that gave the best performance (such as the fastest time, farthest distance, or number of flags collected in under a certain time) will move on to the second stunt. The others are eliminated.
Second stunt: The second stunt is meant to mentally challenge the contestants or teams. The three most common types of stunts in the second round are eating stunts, animal stunts, and retrieval/transfer stunts. Eating stunts entail ingesting vile animal parts, live bugs, or a blended concoction of multiple items; animal stunts entail immersing one's head or entire body in animals considered to be disgusting or intimidating (such as rats, spiders, snakes, or worms); retrieval/transfer stunts entail retrieving items or gross objects (often by mouth) hidden in disgusting substances (for example, blood or lard) or live animals. Less often, the second stunt involves a pain endurance challenge or embarrassment tolerance challenge, such as outlasting competitors in a tear gas chamber, walking on broken glass with bare feet, getting a tattoo, having their head shaved, getting piercings, or ingesting habanero peppers. With the exception of retrieval/transfer stunts, contestants are usually not eliminated after this stunt unless they fail to complete it or vomit before finishing. In the case of teams, one team may be eliminated for having the worst performance. In later episodes, a common (but not always used) rule was that no one would be eliminated after the second stunt; instead, the contestant or team that performed the best would receive a prize, such as a vehicle or a prize package similar in value. More often than not, the contestant/team with the best performance had the privilege of choosing the order that the contestants/teams had to go in to perform the next stunt [for the following day].
Third stunt: The third and final stunt is usually something from an extreme type of stunt seen in an action film. Like the first stunt, it usually involves heights, water, vehicles, or some combination of the three. In order to avoid ties, this stunt is always competitive. The player or team with the best performance this round wins the grand prize, usually $50,000, and has the privilege of being informed by Rogan that "evidently, fear is not a factor for you".
Special formats[edit]
Four Stunt Show[edit]
This was typically a 90-minute episode featuring four stunts instead of three. The first such episode aired in Season 3 and was notable for a stunt involving body piercing. In Seasons 4 to 6, at least one of the four stunts was a non-elimination stunt in which contestants competed for a prize. The four-stunt format was sometimes used in conjunction with themed episodes, such as Family Fear Factor, Twins Fear Factor, and Thanksgiving Fear Factor. In Season 5, six contestants from other reality shows competed in a two-hour, four-stunt episode for $50,000.
Extended competitions[edit]
Some Fear Factor competitions consisted of five or more stunts and featured an increased grand prize. These competitions were always presented as multi-part episodes or single two-hour episodes. The first such competitions were the Tournaments of Champions in Seasons 2 and 3 (see below). Season 4 included a two-hour season premiere in which twelve contestants competed in six stunts for a grand prize of $1,000,000; and a two-part, six-stunt Las Vegas episode where the winner would have a chance to win up to $100,000 based on his or her performance in the final stunt (they would then have to bet half their winnings on a hand of blackjack). Season 6 featured two three-episode, six-stunt competitions ("Psycho Fear Factor" and "Reality Stars Fear Factor"). Season 7 included two five-stunt competitions in which five teams competed for a grand prize of $100,000; the first aired as a single two-hour episode, and the second aired in two parts.
Tournament of Champions: The second and third seasons concluded with a Tournament of Champions featuring the winners of each show in that season and a $100,000 grand prize. In Season two, the thirteen non-celebrity winners were divided into groups of eight men and five women. For the first four stunts, men competed amongst men and women competed amongst women, in two stunts each. The men had to release a flag from a locked box while hanging suspended in the air and eat three different items from a table. The women had to collect flags while on top of an aircraft and retrieve three poles from a tank with alligators. The stunts narrowed the contestants down from eight men and five women to two men and two women who will, in the end, compete against each other for the grand prize by using a key to activate a horn while riding on a speeding truck. In Season three, the twenty-four winners were divided into two groups of twelve, each containing seven men and five women. In the first semifinal episode, the group was cut from twelve to six to three to two finalists. In the second semifinal episode, the group was cut from twelve to six in the first stunt, then the men competed amongst the men and the women competed amongst the women in the second stunt, and then the final four contestants, two men and two women, were cut to two finalists. Each finalist won a 2004 Mazda RX-8 and a chance at the $100,000. In the finals, the four finalists competed in three stunts. Each stunt eliminated one contestant, and the final stunt determined the winner.
Couples Fear Factor: Seasons 4 and 5 both included Couples Fear Factor competitions that played out over seven episodes and featured a grand prize of $1,000,000. Nine couples competed in 17 stunts in Season 4, and eight couples competed in 14 stunts in Season 5. In Season 4, each episode contained two or three stunts, with at least one stunt being a non-elimination stunt. In Season 5, each episode featured two stunts; the first was always a non-elimination stunt, and the second usually eliminated the team with the worst performance. In contrast to the regular format, only one team was eliminated in each elimination stunt; if multiple teams failed the stunt, then the teams that succeeded would vote on which failing team to eliminate. Almost every stunt offered a prize (e.g., cars, vacations, pre-loaded credit cards, a chance to steal a desired prize from another team) or a $10,000 incentive to the team with the best performance. Couples Fear Factor episodes had certain stylistic differences from the regular format, including a different opening sequence, and onscreen interviews with the contestants (regular episodes usually presented interviews in voiceover format only).
Psycho Fear Factor: A three-episode series in which six couples competed in six stunts for various cash and prizes, including a grand prize of $250,000. The stunts were centered around the Bates Motel on the set of the original Psycho horror movie from Paramount Pictures. Unlike other Fear Factor episodes, contestants were required to sleep in the filthy Bates Motel between stunts and were subjected to Fear Factor pranks and mini-challenges while in the motel.
Reality Stars Fear Factor: A three-episode series in which five teams of Reality TV stars competed in six stunts for various cash and prizes, including a grand prize of $150,000. The series featured teams from The Amazing Race, Survivor, American Idol, The Apprentice, and The Real World.
Other formats[edit]
Celebrity special (Seasons two, three, and six): In Seasons 2 and 3, episodes with celebrity contestants were played in the normal format, except that contestants were playing for charity. The winning contestant's charity would receive $50,000, and other contestants' charities would receive a lesser amount ($10,000 or $25,000). In Season 6, eight celebrity contestants paired up into teams of two for the first two stunts but competed individually in the final stunt. Stephen Baldwin, Kevin Richardson and Alan Thicke are among the celebrities who have competed on Fear Factor.[13] Season 2 included an episode featuring six WWF/E stars; it was won by Matt Hardy.
All-Gross Show (Seasons three to six): All three stunts on this show followed the format of the second (gross) stunt as described above. The first such episode involved bobbing for objects in a vat containing 50 gallons of cow blood. In seasons four and five, the all-gross format was used for Halloween-themed episodes. In season six, a "Farm Fear Factor" episode featured all gross stunts.
Mixed Team and Individual Stunts (Seasons two, five, and six): In most episodes, contestants competed individually or in teams of two for the entire competition. However, there were three episodes in which contestants paired up into teams for the first and/or second stunt but competed individually in the final stunt. The first instance of this was a Season 2 episode in which three pairs of twins competed as teams in the first stunt, and competed individually the second and third stunts. In Season 5's "New York vs. L.A." episode, the first stunt narrowed a pool of eight contestants down to four (one man and one woman from each city); contestants from the same city then teamed up in the second stunt, and all contestants competed as individuals in the final stunt. A Season 6 celebrity episode had contestants competing as teams in the first two stunts and individually in the final stunt. In the latter episode, contestants were allowed to attempt the stunts alone if their partner quit before the stunt started.
Holiday specials (Seasons three to five): Over the course of the series, Fear Factor produced three Christmas episodes, two Halloween episodes, and a Thanksgiving episode. The Christmas episodes featured Christmas-themed stunts but were otherwise played in the normal format. The Halloween episodes followed the all-gross format, and the Thanksgiving episode followed the four-stunt format.
Las Vegas Show (Seasons three to five): Stunts took place at various hotels and casinos in Las Vegas. The show's winner was required to bet at least half of their winnings on one hand of Blackjack, with the chance to continue gambling if successful.
Special Contestants (Seasons two to seven): Some episodes featured a specific type of contestant (e.g., models, all-female, twins, military members, reality TV stars, freaks and geeks, young and old, returning contestants) or teams with a specific type of relationship (e.g., couples, newlyweds, siblings, best friends, parent/child teams, exes). Many of these episodes were played in the regular format, although some used a four-stunt or extended competition format.
Fear Factor Super Bowl Halftime Show (Season two): Played in the normal format with Playboy Playmates. The first stunt aired as counter programming to the Super Bowl halftime show and ended right before the third quarter of the game started. The remaining two stunts were shown immediately after the game as counter programming to the Super Bowl lead-out show.
Miss USA (Seasons three to five): Played in the normal format with Miss USA contestants, with the winning contestant keeping $25,000 and giving $25,000 to a charity of their choice. There was no Miss USA edition in the sixth season of Fear Factor, as NBC produced a Miss USA edition of Deal or No Deal instead; the Miss USA contestants were the briefcase models for the entire episode. The next time that Miss USA delegates would be involved in a game show was in 2010 on Minute to Win It. The Miss USA edition was not present in the show's final two seasons, as the current format had four teams of two people.
Blind Date (Season six): Four single men were introduced to four single women, and either the women (in the first episode) or the men (in the second episode) got to choose their partner among the available contestants of the opposite sex. The game was then played in the regular format, with the winning team dividing the prize.
Sleep Deprivation (Season four): Five co-ed pairs of contestants competed as teams in the normal format, with one exception: contestants had to stay awake for the 48-hour duration of the competition. If a contestant fell asleep at any time before the final stunt was completed, his or her team would be eliminated. This was the only episode in the TV series in which contestants could be eliminated in the downtime between stunts.[citation needed]
Million Dollar Heist: (Season six): Played in the regular teams format, but instead of competing for the normal $50,000 prize, teams would race head-to-head to "steal" up to $1,000,000 worth of gold from an armored truck submerged in water for their final stunt. The team that "stole" the most money's worth of gold within the time limit would win the combined amount of money collected by both teams.
Home Invasion: This short segment was included at the end of each episode in Season six. It involved Joe Rogan going to different homes across America and challenging a family to compete in a stunt. Each stunt usually involved the contestants, under time limit (usually one minute), ingesting or bobbing in something foul or undesirable. If successful, the family would win up to $5,000 in the form of pre-loaded credit cards from Capital One.
Revived series (2011–12)[edit]
The series revival began airing on December 12, 2011, and the two premiere episodes were viewed by 8.7 million and 8.5 million viewers, respectively.[14] This makes the premiere the highest non-sports programming to air on NBC at 8:00 p.m. since February 2008. Following Rogan's word for a verbal disclaimer, the narrator gives a statement, and this is one most commonly used:
“ It all began ten years ago, at the dawn of reality television. Audiences had never seen anything like it. Now, the legend begins all over again. It's bigger, better and more intense than ever before. Welcome back to Fear Factor. ”
The revival featured four teams of two people with a preexisting relationship per episode, rather than the original versions' six people (three males and three females). The first five seasons had typically used the three male, three female grouping, but the sixth and final pre-revival season always utilized 4 teams of two people each. The stunts have remained basically the same, with the "gross" one in between the two physical ones.
NBC pulled a two-hour, five team, five stunt episode entitled "Leeches & Shaved Heads & Tear Gas, Oh My!" which featured a stunt where teams spun a wheel to determine whether they would have to shave their heads and eyebrows, get tattooed, or be tear gassed. This episode was scheduled to air in two parts on January 23 and 30, 2012, but it was postponed after Part 1 was replaced by a GOP debate.
Another episode, entitled "Hee Haw! Hee Haw!" and featuring a stunt where contestants drink the urine and semen of a donkey, was then scheduled to air January 30, 2012. Hesitant about airing the stunt, NBC eventually pulled the episode after pictures of the stunt appeared online. Video footage of the stunt appeared online after the episode aired on Danish TV in June 2012,[15] and Fear Factor eventually posted short clips of all three stunts on their YouTube channel in July 2014.[16][17][18]
The sixth episode, entitled "The Bees Are So Angry", was two hours instead of the usual one, and included five teams, five stunts, and a $100,000 prize instead of the usual four teams, three stunts, and $50,000 prize. Following this episode, The Voice replaced the series' slot on Monday nights.
NBC rescheduled the two hour "Leeches & Shaved Heads & Tear Gas, Oh My!" episode, which aired in two parts over the nights of July 9 and July 16. The first part ended with the "To Be Continued" subtitle followed by a preview for the second part. As of July 2012, Fear Factor was officially cancelled.
US Nielsen ratings[edit]
Order
Episode
Airdate
Rating
Share
Rating/Share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
Rank
(Timeslot)
Rank
(Night)
1 "Scorpion Tales" December 12, 2011
5.0[19]
8
3.3/9[20]
8.78
#2
#5
2 "Broken Hearts and Blood Baths" December 12, 2011
4.6
7
3.5/8
8.52
#2
#4
3 "Tall Crappaccino" December 19, 2011
3.5[21]
5
2.5/6[22]
6.37
#1
#5
4 "Snake Bite" January 2, 2012
3.2[23]
5
2.4/5[24]
6.01
#2
#7
5 "Roach Coach" January 9, 2012
3.1[25]
5
2.3/5[26]
5.53
#2
#5
6 "The Bees Are So Angry" February 12, 2012
2.3[27]
4
1.5/3[28]
3.73
#3
#11
7 "Leeches & Shaved Heads & Tear Gas, Oh My! (Part 1)" July 9, 2012
2.5[29]
4
1.4/4[30]
4.01
#3
#4
8 "Leeches & Shaved Heads & Tear Gas, Oh My! (Part 2)" July 16, 2012
2.4[31]
4
1.5/5[32]
4.21
#3
#5
9 "Hee Haw! Hee Haw!" Unaired in the U.S. due to content concerns.
MTV format (2017–present)[edit]
MTV's Fear Factor revival continues to use the format of four teams of two people competing in three challenges for a $50,000 grand prize, as in Seasons 6 and 7 of the NBC series. As the show started, Ludacris gives a verbal disclaimer. The wording has changed with certain versions, but this is one commonly used:
“ The challenges you are about to see were designed and tested by trained professionals. They are extremely ludicrous and should never be attempted by anyone, anywhere, or at anytime. This is MTV's Fear Factor. ”
However, the order of the stunts, as well as some of the rules, differ from the original format. Each episode of the MTV version has three named rounds: Beat the Beast, Face Your Fear, and The Final Fear.
Beat the Beast: This stunt challenges the contestants to conquer their fear of something creepy (usually live creatures considered gross or intimidating) and generally follows the same format as animal stunts from the second stunt of the original version. The team with the best performance in this round wins a "FearVantage", which is an advantage in the next round (such as picking the order).
Face Your Fear: This is a challenge tailored to a common fear shared by all of the contestants on a particular episode. The nature of this stunt varies widely depending on the fears of the contestants.
The Final Fear: This is an extreme physical stunt that follows the same format as the first and third stunts from the original version of the show. The team with the best performance wins the $50,000 grand prize.
International versions[edit]
Country
Name
Host(s)
Channel
Broadcast
Jackpot
Asia Asia Fear Factor Asia TBA AXN TBA TBA
Albania Fear Factor Vizion Plus
Arab world Fear Factor تحدى الخوف Najla Badr & Ibrahim Abu Jawdeh MBC1 February 13, 2004 50.000 SR
Argentina Factor Miedo David Kavlin Telefe 2003
Australia Fear Factor Australia Marc Yellin Nine Network, FOX8 2002 A$50.000
Belgium Dutch Fear Factor Walter Grootaers VTM 2005
Brazil Hipertensão Zeca Camargo (2002)
Glenda Kozlowski
(2010–2011) Globo April 14, 2002 – October 27, 2011 R$500,000
Bulgaria Страх Atanas Mihailov Nova Television 2009–11 15.000 лв
Canada
Quebec Facteur de Risques Benoit Gagnon, Josée Lavigueur TVA September 21, 2004 CAN$30,000
Chile Fear Factor Chile Tonka Tomicic Canal 13 November 13, 2010 CL$3.000.000
Colombia Frente al miedo Juan Pablo Llano Caracol TV 2005
Croatia Fear Factor Antonija Blaće RTL
Denmark Fear Factor Biker-Jens TV 3 2003
Dominican Republic Enfrentando al Miedo Irving Alverti Telesistema 11 December 12, 2006 RD$20.000.000
Egypt Fear Factor Extreme أرض الخوف Sally Chahin AlHayat TV April 2009 US$50,000
Finland Pelkokerroin Aleksi Valavuori Nelonen September 13, 2008 €10.000
France Fear Factor France Denis Brogniart TF1 2003–04 €10 000
Germany Fear Factor Sonja Zietlow RTL 2004
Greece Fear Factor Kostas Sommer ANT1 June 2006
Hungary A Rettegés Foka Kovalcsik Ildikó RTL Klub 2005
India Fear Factor India Mukul Dev SET Asia
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi Akshay Kumar
(2008–2009; 2011)
Priyanka Chopra(2010)
Rohit Shetty(2014-'15, 2017) Arjun Kapoor(2016) Colors July 21, 2008
Indonesia Fear Factor Indonesia Agastya Kandau RCTI November 19, 2005 Rp.50.000.000
Italy Fear Factor Paolo Ruffini (on GXT) and Joe Rogan (on Italia 2) GXT and Italia 2 October 2005 – June 2013: on GXT
September 2013 – now: on Italia 2
Malaysia Fear Factor Malaysia Shamser Sidhu
Aaron Aziz (Astor Ria and Maya HD) NTV7
Astro Ria
Astro Maya HD August 27, 2005
February 15, 2014 (Upcoming season's): Astro Ria
Astro Maya HD RM10.000
RM320,000
(Astro Ria and Maya HD)
Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia Aaron Aziz[33] Astro Ria and Astro Mustika HD December 29, 2012
Mexico Fear Factor: Factor Miedo Julio Bracho (2002–04)
"El Rasta" (2004–05, 2010)
Televisa 2002, Fear Factor Vip 2010 MX$150.000
Netherlands Now or Neverland
Fear Factor Fabienne de Vries Veronica 1998 fl 20 000
€8 000
Norway Fear Factor TV 3 2002
Pakistan[34] Madventures Pakistan Ahsan Khan(2013) Ahmad Ali Butt(2015) ARY Digital 2013 – now
Philippines Pinoy Fear Factor Ryan Agoncillo ABS-CBN November 10, 2008 – February 20, 2009 P2.000.000
Poland Fear Factor – Nieustraszeni Roman Polko Polsat October 8, 2004 – December 3, 2004 50,000 zł
Portugal Fear Factor – Desafio Total Leonor Poeiras
José Carlos Araújo Televisão Independente 2004
Romania Pariu cu Frica – Fear Factor Sport.ro April 6, 2008
Russia Фактор страха Kirill Nabutov NTV 2002–2005 100.000 RUR
South Africa Fear Factor Africa Colin Moss
Thapelo Mokoena
Lungile Radu M-Net
E.tv 2002
2006–07 R300,000
Spain Factor Miedo Alonso Caparros Antena 3 2005
Sweden Fear Factor Sweden Paolo Roberto TV3 2002
Turkey Fear Factor Türkiye
Fear Factor Extreme
Fear Factor Extreme 2
Fear Factor Aksiyon Acun Ilıcalı
Asuman Krause
Asuman Krause
Asuman Krause Show TV
Star TV
Star TV
Fox Turkey 2006
2009
2010
2013 TL 100.000
United Kingdom Fear Factor UK Ed Sanders Sky1 Series 1: 3 September 2002 – 26 November 2002
Series 2: 18 September 2003 – 11 December 2003
Celebrity Series: 18 July 2004 – 22 August 2004 £20,000
United States Fear Factor Joe Rogan NBC June 11, 2001 – September 12, 2006
December 12, 2011 – July 16, 2012 US$50,000
Ludacris MTV May 30, 2017 – present
Criticism[edit]
Fear Factor has received criticism from the general public mainly because of the show's second stunt, which intends to disgust its viewers. The American Humane Association expressed concerns for allowing various animals to get injured, and even killing insects by eating them alive during the videotaping of the show. The association also revealed that professional animal trainers have refused to work on the show because the producers of Fear Factor have demanded stunts which violate the association's guidelines.
American Humane believes that shows like Fear Factor are on a slippery slope of animal mistreatment and provide poor examples of animal treatment and humane ethics. As we work diligently to expand voluntary compliance with animal safety guidelines, organisations like Endemol who blatantly demonstrate complete disregard for animal welfare, or even that of their human contestants — are producing unacceptable programming. Karen Rosa (Communications Manager of AHA Film and TV Unit)[35][citation needed]
In January 2005, an episode featuring a stunt involving blended rats aired in its normal prime time slot. Austin Aitken, a part-time paralegal from Cleveland, Ohio, sued NBC for $2.5 million USD for airing the show, claiming that he felt so disgusted from watching the stunt, his blood pressure rose until he felt dizzy and lightheaded and subsequently vomited. He claimed that his disorientation was so severe that he ran into a doorway and seriously injured himself. In March 2005, U.S. District Judge Lesley Wells threw out the lawsuit on the grounds of First Amendment protection.[36]
Fear Factor was also criticized by major U.S. electrical utilities for an episode that required contestants to climb through a simulated electrical substation with "electrified wires" replete with simulated sparks and electrical sounds added in post-processing. The Edison Electric Institute issued a warning regarding the episode, fearing that viewers might attempt to climb through a real substation with potentially fatal results.[37]
An episode originally scheduled for January 30, 2012, featuring contestants drinking donkey semen and urine, was rejected by NBC, which instead aired a rerun.[38] On January 31, 2012, two of the contestants, twin sisters Claire and Brynne Odioso, appeared on The Cowhead Show on Tampa Bay radio station WHPT to talk about their experiences in that episode; however, according to TMZ.com, producers of Fear Factor warned the Odioso sisters not to continue any discussion of the program, as doing so would put them in breach of their confidentiality agreements.[39]
Spin-off products[edit]
Fear Factor has also resulted in various spin-off products:
A game called Fear Factor: Unleashed was published by Hip Interactive for the Game Boy Advance.[40]
A Fear Factor board game was published by Master Pieces.[41]
There were several books based on Fear Factor, such as The Fear Factor Cookbook and Fear Factor Mad Libs.
Brand New Candy, LLC. made several novelty candies based on Fear Factor, including eyeballs.
A Hindi reality show called Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi (English: The Players of Danger) based on Fear Factor was introduced in India. Its host was Bollywood superstar Akshay Kumar.
A theme park show called Fear Factor Live opened at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood in the Spring of 2005. The Hollywood attraction has since been replaced by Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Musical.
Eight champions from Fear Factor participated in a special edition of The Weakest Link, originally aired August 13, 2001. The episode was noteworthy in that only $22,500 was won; this stood as the lowest score on the NBC US version of the show.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ NBC Renews 'Fear Factor,' Syndication Deal Looms
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cDKRXkgTBg
Jump up ^ [1] Archived February 18, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ New, Monday, January 9th 9/8c. "Fear Factor – NBC Official Site". Nbc.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ NBC Reviving Fear Factor, Entertainment Weekly, June 2, 2011
Jump up ^ Joe Rogan returning as Fear Factor host, Reuters, June 28, 2011
Jump up ^ Exclusive: Joe Rogan to Return as Fear Factor Host TV Guide. Last Accessed on July 5, 2033 .
Jump up ^ 'Fear Factor' explosive first photos and premiere date revealed – EXCLUSIVE
Jump up ^ 'Fear Factor,' 'Minute to Win It,' 'Who Do You Think You Are?' and 'The Sing Off' All Cancelled by NBC
Jump up ^ Littleton, Cynthia. "MTV Orders Second Season of 'Fear Factor' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "SCARE UP SUNDAYS WHEN "FEAR FACTOR" RETURNS WITH LUDACRIS". MTV Press. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley. "'Fear Factor,' Hosted by Ludacris, Revived at MTV (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alan Thicke's Greatest Fear". Lauren Kane. TV Guide. 2002. Retrieved December 2016
Jump up ^ Lee, Stephan (2011-12-13). "'Fear Factor' premiere ratings | Inside TV | EW.com". Insidetv.ew.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ "Fear Factor' Donkey Semen Stunt Finally Airs ... On Danish TV". TMZ. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fear Factor Moments – Shock Walk". YouTube. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Factor Moments – Donkey Juice". YouTube. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fear Factor Moments – Train & Car Crash". YouTube. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: 'Fear Factor' makes a solid return to NBC, CBS comedies rule Monday – From Inside the Box – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls,' 'Two And A Half Men,' 'Mike & Molly' & 'Fear Factor' Adjusted Up – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: CBS beats 'Terra Nova' finale on a slow Monday – From Inside the Box – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ Daily Preliminary Broadcast Cable Finals Broadcast Finals (2011-12-20). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Fear Factor' Adjusted Up; 'You Deserve It,' 'A Chipmunk Christmas' Adjusted Down – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: 'Bachelor' premiere falls as CBS (and the BCS) lead Monday – From Inside the Box – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
Jump up ^ Daily Preliminary Broadcast Cable Finals Broadcast Finals (2012-01-01). "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls,' '2.5 Men' Adjusted Up; 'Celebrity Wife Swap,' 'Rock Center' Adjusted Down – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: 'Castle' tops a quiet Monday on broadcast, BCS title game will lead night – From Inside the Box – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ "Monday Final Ratings: 'Fear Factor' Adjusted Up; 'Rock Center with Brian Williams' Adjusted Down – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: Grammy Awards score second-biggest audience ever – From Inside the Box – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Final Ratings: 'Napoleon Dynamite,' 'American Dad' Adjusted Up; '60 Minutes' Adjusted Down + 'Grammy Awards' Finals – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2012-02-14. Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: 'The Bachelorette' rises Monday while FOX cooks up a demo win – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
Jump up ^ "Monday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen', 'MasterChef', 'Fear Factor' Adjusted Up; 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
Jump up ^ "TV ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen' and 'Masterchef' top 'The Bachelorette' in 18-49 Monday – Zap2it". Blog.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
Jump up ^ "Monday Final Ratings: 'American Ninja Warrior' Adjusted Up; 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
Jump up ^ FERIDE HIKMET, ATAK (29 September 2012). "'Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia' Elak Perkara Tidak Senonoh". mStar Online. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "{title}". Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived November 10, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Joe Milicia, Viewer Sues NBC Over 'Fear Factor' Rat-Eating Episode Accessed March 3, 2008 Archived August 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ 'Shocking' Television Stunt Spurs ComEd Warning about Electrical Safety
Jump up ^ Sacks, Ethan (January 30, 2012). "Fear Factor' donkey semen stunt pulled by NBC parent company Comcast: report". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nine Network Australia: "Twins threatened with lawsuit after donkey stunt", February 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fear Factor Unleashed Review – Game Boy Advance". Archived from the original on 2008-03-17. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
Jump up ^ Fear Factor Game | BoardGameGeek
External links[edit]
Fear Factor on NBC
Fear Factor (2011 version) on NBC
Fear Factor (2017 version) on MTV
Fear Factor Casting on NBC – 2011 Announcement of Revival
Fear Factor on IMDb
Fear Factor at TV.com
Morgan, John (2004-01-16). "Fear Factor not afraid of the doctor". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-10-09. (article on the sanitary factors and health risks of the show)
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