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Stephen Nichols
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Stephen Nichols
Born
(1951-02-19) February 19, 1951 (age 66)
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Years active
1978-present
Spouse(s)
Lisa Gordon (1984 - present)
Stephen Nichols (born February 19, 1951) is an American actor, most notable for his roles on American daytime soap operas. He played the part of Steve (Patch) Johnson on NBCs Days of Our Lives from 1985-1990; after that, he had a stint on ABC's General Hospital as Stefan Cassadine from 1996-2003. He returned to the role of Steve (Patch) Johnson on Days of Our Lives in June 2006 after 16 years, remaining through February 2009, and returning to the role again in 2015. He played (from December 2009 to January 2013) the role of Tucker McCall on The Young and the Restless.
Career[edit]
After turning down an art scholarship to Ohio State University, he traveled west, studied yoga and lived as a monk while preparing vegetarian meals for the monks and nuns in a Hollywood ashram. After three years of celibacy, a steady diet of ice cream and the films of Truffaut and Bergman, he landed at the Theater Academy of Los Angeles City College where he studied for two years. Nichols went on to study with Stella Adler, Jack Colvin and Harry Mastrorgeorge.
For his stage work, Nichols has been honored with three Drama-Logue Awards and two LA Weekly Theater Awards for his performances in such notable productions as Pieces of Time (for his portrayal of real-life killer, Donald Bashor), for Delirious (directed by Ron Link), and as Jim Morrison in the last thirty-six hours of his life in The Lizard King. Nichols also appeared at LATC in Rick Clutchey's The Cage, in the award winning production of Michael Cristofer's The Shadow Box at Theater East and Love Letters, during its initial run at the Canon Theater. Most recently Nichols appeared in He Hunts at the Geffen Playhouse and was seen in the U.S. première of Joe Pintaro's The Dead Boy, for which Nichols received a Maddy Award.
Nichols returned to the role of Steve (Patch) Johnson on Days of our Lives. His original portrayal (1985–1990) earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Actor in a Leading Role and five Soap Opera Digest Best Actor Awards. Steve and Kayla (Mary Beth Evans) remain one of the most popular couples, and the most-covered, on Days of our Lives ever.[citation needed] In fact, Nichols talked about one of their favorite storylines and shared, “Mary Beth likes Emily and Gideon. It was a fantasy, it wasn’t really us, but we were reading this beautiful diary, in the old mansion, and then it would flash to the characters.” [1]
Stephen also portrayed Stefan Cassadine on the soap General Hospital (1996–2002, 2003). This role reunited him with Evans, while his character was later paired with Laura Spencer, played by Genie Francis.
Other TV appearances have included Matlock, L.A. Law, Diagnosis: Murder, The Nanny (with former Days of our Lives co-star Charles Shaughnessy), Second Chances, Sisters, a recurring role on Empty Nest, and playing Jesse James opposite Pierce Brosnan in the NBC mini-series Around the World in 80 Days, to name a few.
Nichols has appeared in several feature films, first co-starring with Demi Moore in Choices. He was also in Witchboard; Soapdish with Kevin Kline, Whoopi Goldberg and Robert Downey, Jr.; Heaven’s Tears; Cover Me with Paul Sorvino; Phoenix with Brad Dourif and William Sanderson; and the Showtime short A Hard Rain with John Mahoney, which earned best film honors at the British Film Festival for director Dennie Gordon.
Nichols has directed several stage productions including, Sixty Minutes from L.A., a presentation pilot for television, Wild Horses (co-director) and, most recently, wrote and directed the dramatic short film Get the Dime, starring Daniel Bess and Robert Picardo. Get the Dime was a director's pick at the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films. Upcoming, Nichols will direct the feature films, Eau de L.A. and Fear of Falling. He is also developing video and mobile phone content.
On December 17, 2009, it was reported on stephennichols.net and cbs.com that Nichols joined the cast of CBS's The Young and the Restless as Tucker McCall, replacing William Russ. Nichols’ first air date was January 27, 2010. On Y&R, he would later be reunited with General Hospital counterpart Genie Francis, who played Genevieve Atkinson on the show. Nichols last day on the Y & R was Jan. 29, 2013.
See also[edit]
Supercouple
External links[edit]
The official website for Stephen Nichols' fans
Stephen Nichols' industry website
"Get the Dime" film website
Stephen Nichols on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 107566306
Jump up ^ Cushman, Dustin (February 14, 2017). "Interview: Mary Beth Evans, Stephen Nichols talk Steve & Kayla's wedding". SheKnows Soaps. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Nichols&oldid=801731196"
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text:
Elf (Middle-earth)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Races of
Middle-earth
Ainur
Valar
Maiar
Other races
Elves
Men
Hobbits
Dwarves
Ents
Eagles
Orcs
Trolls
Dragons
v
t
e
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (July 2017)
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth, often called Middle-earth, and set in the remote past. They appear in The Hobbit and in The Lord of the Rings, but their complex history is described more fully in The Silmarillion. Tolkien had been writing about Elves long before he published The Hobbit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Background
1.2 Early writings
1.3 The Book of Lost Tales (c. 1917–1927)
1.4 The Hobbit (c. 1930–1937)
1.5 The Quenta Silmarillion (c. 1937)
1.6 The Lord of the Rings (c. 1937–1949)
2 History
2.1 Origins
2.2 Sundering
2.3 Exile
2.4 Wars of Beleriand
2.5 Second and Third Age
3 Life cycle
3.1 Early life
3.2 Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood
3.3 Daily life
3.4 Later life
3.5 "The third cycle of life", aging, and facial hair
3.6 Death
4 Names and naming conventions
5 Elvish languages
6 Adaptations
7 See also
7.1 Notable Elves
8 References
9 External links
Development[edit]
Background[edit]
The modern English word elf derives from the Old English word ælf (which has cognates in all other Germanic languages). Numerous types of elves appear in Germanic mythology, the West Germanic concept appears to have come to differ from the Scandinavian notion in the early Middle Ages, and Anglo-Saxon concept diverged even further, possibly under Celtic influence.[1] Tolkien would make it clear in a letter that his Elves differ from those "of the better known lore",[2] referring to Scandinavian mythology.[3]
By 1915 when Tolkien was writing his first elven poems, the words elf, fairy and gnome had many divergent and contradictory associations. Tolkien had been gently warned against using the term 'fairy', which John Garth supposes may have been due to the word becoming increasingly used to indicate homosexuality, although despite this warning Tolkien continued to use it.[4]
By the late 19th century, the term 'fairy' had been taken up as a utopian theme, and was used to critique social and religious values, a tradition which Tolkien along with T. H. White are seen to continue.[5] One of the last of the Victorian Fairy-paintings, The Piper of Dreams by Estella Canziani, sold 250,000 copies and was well known within the trenches of World War I where Tolkien saw active service. Illustrated posters of Robert Louis Stevenson's poem Land of Nod had been sent out by a philanthropist to brighten servicemen's quarters, and Faery was used in other contexts as an image of "Old England" to inspire patriotism.[6]
According to Marjorie Burns, Tolkien eventually chose the term elf over fairy, but still retained some doubts. In his 1939 essay On Fairy-Stories, Tolkien wrote that "English words such as elf have long been influenced by French (from which fay and faërie, fairy are derived); but in later times, through their use in translation, fairy and elf have acquired much of the atmosphere of German, Scandinavian, and Celtic tales, and many characteristics of the huldu-fólk, the daoine-sithe, and the tylwyth-teg."[7]
Early writings[edit]
Traditional Victorian dancing fairies and elves appear in much of Tolkien's early poetry,[8] and have influence upon his later works[9] in part due to the influence of a production of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan in Birmingham in 1910[10] and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson[10] which Tolkien had acquired in 1914.[8]
O! I hear the tiny horns
Of enchanted leprechauns
And the padded feet of many gnomes a-coming!
—  JRR Tolkien
As a philologist, Tolkien's interest in languages led him to invent several languages of his own as a pastime. In considering the nature of who might speak these languages, and what stories they might tell, Tolkien again turned to the concept of elves.[10]
The Book of Lost Tales (c. 1917–1927)[edit]
In his The Book of Lost Tales, Tolkien develops a theme that the diminutive fairy-like race of Elves had once been a great and mighty people, and that as Men took over the world, these Elves had "diminished"[8][11][12] themselves. This theme was influenced especially by the god-like and human-sized Ljósálfar of Norse mythology,[13] and medieval works such as Sir Orfeo, the Welsh Mabinogion, Arthurian romances and the legends of the Tuatha Dé Danann.[14] Some of the stories Tolkien wrote as elven history have been seen to be directly influenced by Celtic mythology.[12] For example, "Flight of The Noldoli" is based on the Tuatha Dé Danann and Lebor Gabála Érenn, and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history.[12] John Garth also sees that with the underground enslavement of the Noldoli to Melkor, Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish myth regarding the Tuatha Dé Danann into a Christian eschatology.[15]
The name Inwe (in the first draft Ing), given by Tolkien to the eldest of the elves and his clan,[16] is similar to the name found in Norse mythology as that of the god Ingwi-Freyr (and Ingui-Frea in Anglo-Saxon paganism), a god who is gifted the elf world Álfheimr. Terry Gunnell also claims that the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves is reminiscent of the god Njörðr and the god Freyr's ship Skíðblaðnir.[17] He also retains the usage of the French derived term "fairy" for the same creatures.[18]
The larger Elves are also inspired by Tolkien's personal Catholic theology—as representing the state of Men in Eden who have not yet "fallen", similar to humans but fairer and wiser, with greater spiritual powers, keener senses, and a closer empathy with nature. Tolkien wrote of them: "They are made by man in his own image and likeness; but freed from those limitations which he feels most to press upon him. They are immortal, and their will is directly effective for the achievement of imagination and desire."[10]
In The Book of Lost Tales, Tolkien includes both the more serious "medieval" type of elves such as Fëanor and Turgon alongside the frivolous, Jacobean type of elves such as the Solosimpi and Tinúviel.[14]
Alongside the idea of the greater Elves, Tolkien also developed the idea of children visiting Valinor, the island-homeland of the Elves in their sleep. Elves would also visit children at night and comfort them if they had been chided or were upset. This theme, linking elves with children's dreams and nocturnal travelling was largely abandoned in Tolkien's later writing.[19]
The Hobbit (c. 1930–1937)[edit]
Along with Book of Lost Tales, Douglas Anderson shows that in The Hobbit, Tolkien again includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves, such as Elrond and the Wood-elf king, and frivolous elves, such as those at Rivendell.[14]
The Quenta Silmarillion (c. 1937)[edit]
In 1937, having had his manuscript for The Silmarillion rejected by a publisher who disparaged all the "eye-splitting Celtic names" that Tolkien had given his Elves, Tolkien denied the names had a Celtic origin:
Needless to say they are not Celtic! Neither are the tales. I do know Celtic things (many in their original languages Irish and Welsh), and feel for them a certain distaste: largely for their fundamental unreason. They have bright colour, but are like a broken stained glass window reassembled without design. They are in fact "mad" as your reader says — but I don't believe I am.[20]
Dimitra Fimi proposes that these comments are a product of his Anglophilia rather than a commentary on the texts themselves or their actual influence on his writing, and cites evidence to this effect in her essay "'Mad' Elves and 'elusive beauty': some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology".[12][21]
The Lord of the Rings (c. 1937–1949)[edit]
Terry Gunnell notes that the titles of the Germanic gods Freyr and Freyja (Old Norse 'lord' and 'lady') are also given to Celeborn and Galadriel in the Lord of The Rings.[17]
According to Tom Shippey, the theme of diminishment from semi-divine Elf to diminutive Fairy resurfaces in The Lord of the Rings in the dialogue of Galadriel.[22] "Yet if you succeed, then our power is diminished, and Lothlórien will fade, and the tides of Time will sweep it away. We must depart into the West, or dwindle to a rustic folk of dell and cave, slowly to forget and to be forgotten."[23]
Writing in 1954, part way through proofreading The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien claimed the Elvish language Sindarin has a character very like British-Welsh "because it seems to fit the rather 'Celtic' type of legends and stories told of its speakers".[24] In the same letter, Tolkien goes on to say that the elves had very little in common with elves or fairies of Europe, and that they really represent men with greater artistic ability, beauty and a longer life span. Tolkien also notes an Elven bloodline was the only real claim to 'nobility' that the Men of Middle-earth can have.[24] Tolkien also wrote that the elves are primarily to blame for many of the ills of Middle-earth in The Lord of the Rings, having independently created the Three Rings in order to stop their domains in mortal-lands from 'fading' and attempting to prevent inevitable change and new growth.[25]
History[edit]
Elves
(Quendi)
Eldar
Vanyar
Noldor
Teleri
Sindar
Laegrim
Silvan
Avari
Sundering
v
t
e
Origins[edit]
Originally, in Tolkien's writings from the 1910s and 1920s, Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë (their final names) were the eldest of the Elves. By 1959 or 1960, Tolkien wrote a detailed account of the awakening of the Elves, called Cuivienyarna, part of Quendi and Eldar. Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë now became the first ambassadors and the Kings of the Elves. This text only saw print in The War of the Jewels, part of the analytical The History of Middle-earth series, in 1994, but a similar version was included in The Silmarillion in 1977.
According to the earliest account, the first Elves are awakened by Eru Ilúvatar near the bay of Cuiviénen during the Years of the Trees in the First Age. They awake under the starlit sky, as the Sun and Moon have yet to be created. The first Elves to awake are three pairs: Imin ("First") and his wife Iminyë, Tata ("Second") and Tatië, and Enel ("Third") and Enelyë.
Imin, Tata, and Enel and their wives join up and walk through the forests. They come across six, nine, and twelve pairs of Elves, and each "patriarch" claims the pairs as his folk in order. The now sixty Elves dwell by the rivers, and they invent poetry and music in Middle-earth (the continent). Journeying further, they come across eighteen pairs of Elves watching the stars, whom Tata claims as his. These are tall and dark-haired, the fathers of most of the Noldor. The ninety-six Elves now invented many new words. Continuing their journey, they find twenty-four pairs of Elves, singing without language, and Enel adds them to his people. These are the ancestors of most of the Lindar or "singers", later called Teleri. They find no more Elves; Imin's people, the smallest group, are the ancestors of the Vanyar. All in all the Elves number 144. Because all Elves had been found in groups of twelve, twelve becomes their base number and 144 their highest number (for a long time), and none of the later Elvish languages have a common name for a greater number.[26]
They were discovered by the Vala Oromë, who brought the tidings of their awakening to Valinor.
The Silmarillion states that Melkor, the Dark Lord, had already captured some wandering Elves, and twisted and mutilated them until they became the Orcs. However, Tolkien ultimately became uncomfortable with this Elvish origin, and devised different theories about the origin of Orcs.[27]
Sundering[edit]
The Sundering of Elves and names given to their divisions
Main article: Sundering of the Elves
The Valar decided to summon the Elves to Valinor rather than leaving them dwelling in the place where they were first awakened, near the Cuiviénen lake in the eastern extremity of Middle-earth. They sent Oromë, who took Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë as ambassadors to Valinor.
Returning to Middle-earth, Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë convinced a large host to take the Great Journey to Valinor. Not all Elves accepted the summons though, and those who did not became known as the Avari, The Unwilling.
The others were called Eldar, the People of the Stars by Oromë, and they took Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë as their leaders, and became respectively the Vanyar, Noldor and Teleri. On their journey, some of the Teleri feared the Misty Mountains and dared not cross them. They turned back and stayed in the vales of the Anduin, and became the Nandor; these were led by Lenwë.
Oromë led the others over the Misty Mountains and Ered Lindon into Beleriand. There Elwë became lost, and the Teleri stayed behind looking for him. The Vanyar and the Noldor moved onto a floating island that was moved by Ulmo to Valinor.
After years, Ulmo returned to Beleriand to seek out the remaining Teleri. As Elwë had not yet been found, a great part of the Teleri took his brother Olwë as their leader and were ferried to Valinor. Some Teleri stayed behind though, still looking for Elwë, and others stayed on the shores, being called by Ossë. They took Círdan as their leader and became the Falathrim. All Teleri who stayed in Beleriand later became known as the Sindar.
note: Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë are not the same elves as Imin, Tata and Enel
Exile[edit]
Main article: Exiles (Middle-earth)
In Valinor, Fëanor, son of Finwë, and the greatest of the Noldor, created the Silmarils in which he stored a part of the light of the Two Trees that were lighting Valinor. After three ages in the Halls of Mandos, Melkor was released, feigning reform. He however spread his evil and started to poison the minds of the Elves against the Valar. Eventually he killed Finwë and stole the Silmarils. Fëanor then named him Morgoth (S. The Black Enemy). Fëanor and his seven sons then swore to take the Silmarils back, and led a large army of the Noldor to Beleriand.
Wars of Beleriand[edit]
Main article: War of Beleriand
In Beleriand, Elwë was eventually found, and married Melian the Maia. He became the overlord of Beleriand, naming himself Thingol (S. Grey-cloak). After the First Battle of Beleriand, during the first rising of the Moon, the Noldor arrived in Beleriand. They laid a siege around Morgoth's fortress of Angband, but were eventually defeated.
Then Eärendil the Mariner, a half-elf from the House of Finwë, sailed to Valinor to ask the Valar for help. Then the Ban of the Noldor was lifted, and the Valar started the War of Wrath, in which Morgoth was finally overcome.
Second and Third Age[edit]
After the War of Wrath, the Valar tried to summon the Elves back to Valinor. Many complied, but some stayed. During the Second Age they founded the Realms of Lindon, Eregion and Mirkwood. Sauron, Morgoth’s former servant, made war upon them, but with the aid of the Númenóreans they defeated him.
During the Second and Third Age, they held some protected realms with the aid of the Rings of Power, but after the War of the Ring they waned further, and most Elves left Middle-earth for Valinor. Tolkien's published writings give somewhat contradictory hints as to what happened to the Elves of Middle-earth after the One Ring was destroyed at the end of the Third Age.
After the destruction of the One Ring, the power of the Three Rings of the Elves would also end and the Age of Men would begin. Elves that remained in Middle-earth were doomed to a slow decline until, in the words of Galadriel, they faded and became a "rustic folk of dell and cave," and were greatly diminished from their ancient power and nobility. While the power of the remaining Noldor would be immediately lessened, the "fading" of all Elvenkind was a phenomenon that would play out over hundreds and even thousands of years; until, in fact, our own times, when occasional glimpses of rustic Elves would fuel our folktales and fantasies.
There are many references in The Lord of the Rings to the continued existence of Elves in Middle-earth during the early years of the Fourth Age. Elladan and Elrohir, the sons of Elrond, do not accompany their father when the White Ship bearing the Ring-bearer and the chief Noldorin leaders sails from the Grey Havens to Valinor; they are said to have remained in Lindon for a time. Celeborn is said (in Appendix A) to have added most of southern Mirkwood to the realm of Lórien at the end of the Third Age, but elsewhere Tolkien wrote that Celeborn dwelt for a while in Lindon before at last leaving Middle-earth for Valinor.
Tolkien also wrote that Legolas founded an elf colony in Ithilien during King Elessar's reign in the Fourth Age, and that the elves there assisted in the rebuilding of Gondor. They primarily resided in southern Ithilien, along the shores of the Anduin. After Elessar's death in 120 F.A., Legolas built a ship and sailed to Valinor and, eventually, all of the elves in Ithilien followed him. It is also implied that Elves continued to dwell at the Grey Havens, at least for a certain period. Tolkien states that Sam Gamgee sailed from the Havens decades after Elrond's departure, implying that some Elves might have remained in Mithlond at that time.
In "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" that is found in Appendix A, Tolkien depicts a Middle-earth where most Elves have already left. The majority of those who remained lived in Mirkwood, while a much smaller population was in Lindon. Aragorn speaks of the empty garden of Elrond in Rivendell. Most strikingly, after Elessar's voluntary death, Arwen flees to a Lórien that is depicted as wholly abandoned, and gives up her own spirit in its sad and silent confines.
Life cycle[edit]
As told in The History of Middle-earth and in Tolkien's Letters, Elves had a different life cycle from Men. Most of the following information strictly refers only to the Eldar, as found in his essay Laws and Customs among the Eldar, found in Morgoth's Ring.
Early life[edit]
Elves are born about one year from their conception. The day of their conception is celebrated, not the actual birthday itself. Their minds develop more quickly than their bodies; by their first year, they can speak, walk and even dance, and their quicker onset of mental maturity makes young Elves seem, to Men, older than they really are. Physical puberty comes in around their fiftieth to one hundredth year (by age fifty they reach their adult height), and by their first hundred years of life outside the womb all Elves are fully grown. Elven bodies eventually stop aging physically, while human bodies do not.[28]
Sexuality, marriage, and parenthood[edit]
Elves marry freely and for love early in life. Monogamy is practiced and adultery is unthinkable; they marry only once (Finwë, first High King of the Noldor, was an exception, as he remarried after his first wife died).[28]
Spouses can choose each other even long before they are married, thus becoming betrothed. The betrothal is subject to parental approval unless the parties are of age and intend to marry soon, at which point the betrothal is announced. They exchange rings and the betrothal lasts at least a year, and is revocable by the return of the rings; however, it is rarely broken. After their formal betrothal, the couple appoint a date, at least a year later, for the wedding.[28]
Only the words exchanged by the bride and groom (including the speaking of the name of Eru Ilúvatar) and the consummation are required for marriage. More formally, the couple's families celebrate the marriage with a feast. The parties give back their betrothal rings and receive others worn on their index fingers. The bride’s mother gives the groom a jewel to wear (Galadriel's gift of the Elfstone to Aragorn reflects this tradition; she is grandmother to his betrothed, Arwen, Arwen's mother Celebrían having left Middle-earth for Valinor after grievous psychological injury after her capture by Orcs and liberation by her sons).[28]
The Elves view the sexual act as extremely special and intimate, for it leads to the conception and birth of children. Extra-marital and premarital sex are unthinkable, adultery is also unheard of and fidelity between spouses is absolute. Yet separation during pregnancy or during the early years of parenthood (caused by war, for example) is so grievous to the couple that they prefer to have children in peaceful times. Living Elves cannot be raped or forced to have sex; before that they will lose the will to endure and go to Mandos.[28]
Elves have few children, as a rule (Fëanor and Nerdanel were an exception, conceiving seven sons), and there are relatively sizeable intervals between each child (but see below for notes on Elvish birth rates in Middle-earth versus in Aman). They are soon preoccupied with other pleasures; their libido wanes and they focus their interests elsewhere, like the arts. Nonetheless, they take great delight in the union of love, and they cherish the days of bearing and raising children as the happiest days of their lives.[28]
There seems to only be one known example of extreme marital strife in Tolkien's mythology, that of Eöl and Aredhel, in which the latter actually left the former without his knowledge, resulting in Eöl ultimately killing her (albeit he was actually trying to kill their son Maeglin). However, this marriage was far from typical of the Elves.
Daily life[edit]
The Elves, particularly the Noldor, preoccupy themselves with various things such as smithwork, sculpture, music and other arts, and of course, what to eat. Males and females can do almost everything equally; however, the females often specialize in the arts of healing while the males go to war. This is because they believe that taking life interferes with the ability to preserve life. However, Elves are not stuck in rigid roles; females can defend themselves at need as well as males, and many males are skilled healers as well, such as Elrond.[28]
Later life[edit]
Eventually, if they do not die in battle or from some other cause, the Elves of Middle-earth grow weary of it and desire to go to Valinor, where the Valar originally sheltered their kind. Those who wish to leave for the Undying Lands often go by boats provided at the Grey Havens, where Círdan the Shipwright dwells with his folk.
"The third cycle of life", aging, and facial hair[edit]
Despite Tolkien's statements in The Hobbit that Elves (and Hobbits) have no beards, Círdan in fact has a beard, which appears to be an anomaly and a simple oversight. However, Tolkien later devised at least three "cycles of life" for Elves around 1960; Círdan had a beard because he was in his third cycle of life. (Mahtan, Nerdanel's father, had a beard in his second cycle of life, a rare phenomenon.) It is unclear what these cycles exactly are, since Tolkien left no notes further explaining this. Apparently, beards were the only sign of further natural physical ageing beyond maturity.
Nevertheless, Tolkien may have ultimately changed his mind about whether Elves had facial hair. As Christopher Tolkien states in Unfinished Tales, his father wrote in December 1972 or later that the Elvish strain in Men, such as Aragorn, was "observable in the beardlessness of those who were so descended", since "it was a characteristic of all Elves to be beardless".[29] This would seemingly contradict the information above.
Elves sometimes appear to age under great stress. Círdan appeared to be aged himself, since he is described as looking old, save for the stars in his eyes; this may be due to all the sorrows he had seen and lived through since the First Age. Also, the people of Gwindor of Nargothrond had trouble recognizing him after his time as a prisoner of Morgoth.
Death[edit]
Elves are naturally immortal, and remain unwearied with age. In addition to their immortality, Elves can recover from wounds which would normally kill a mortal Man. However, Elves can be slain, or die of grief and weariness.
Spirits of dead Elves go to the Halls of Mandos in Valinor. After a certain period of time and rest that serves as "cleansing", their spirits are clothed in bodies identical to their old ones.[30] However, they almost never go back to Middle-earth and remain in Valinor instead. An exception was Glorfindel in The Lord of the Rings; as shown in later books, Tolkien decided he was a "reborn" hero from The Silmarillion rather than an individual with the same name. A rare and more unusual example of an Elf coming back from the Halls of Mandos is found in the tale of Beren and Lúthien, as Lúthien was the other Elf to be sent back to Middle-earth – as a mortal, however. Tolkien's Elvish words for "spirit" and "body" were fëa (plural fëar) and hröa (plural hröar) respectively.
Eventually, their immortal spirits will overwhelm and consume their bodies, rendering them "bodiless", whether they opt to go to Valinor or remain in Middle-earth. At the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.[28] Tolkien called the Elves of Middle-earth who had undergone this process "Lingerers".[28]
The lives of Elves only endure as the world endures.[28] It is said in the Second Prophecy of Mandos that at the end of time the Elves will join the other Children of Ilúvatar in singing the Second Music of the Ainur.[31] However it is disputable whether the Prophecy is canon, and the published Silmarillion states that only Men shall participate for certain in the Second Music, and that the ultimate fate of the Elves is unknown. However, they do not believe that Eru will abandon them to oblivion.
Names and naming conventions[edit]
Further information: Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings
In The Lord of the Rings Tolkien pretends to be merely the translator of Bilbo and Frodo's memoirs, collectively known as the Red Book of Westmarch. He says that those names and terms in the work (as well in the earlier The Hobbit) that appear in English are meant to be his purported translations from the Common Speech.[32]
Tolkien repeatedly expressed his misgivings concerning the name "elf" and its "associations of a kind that I should particularly desire not to be present [...] e.g. those of Drayton or of A Midsummer Night's Dream", for the purpose of translations stating his preference that "the oldest available form of the name to be used, and leave it to acquire its own associations for readers of my tale".[33] He wanted to avoid the Victorian notions of "fairies" or mischievous imps associated with the word and was aiming at the more elevated notions of beings "supposed to possess formidable magical powers in early Teutonic mythology" (OED viz. the Old English ælf, from Proto-Germanic *albiz).
The Elves are also called the "Firstborn" (Q. Minnónar) or the "Elder Kindred" (as opposed to Men, the Secondborn) as they were "awakened" before Men by Eru Ilúvatar (the creator). The Elves named themselves Quendi ("the Speakers"), in honour of the fact that, when they were created, they were the only living beings able to speak. The Dúnedain called them Nimîr ("the Beautiful"), while their usual name in Sindarin was Eledhrim.[34]
In other writings, part of The History of Middle-earth, Tolkien details Elvish naming conventions. The Quenya word for "name" was essë. An Elf of Valinor was typically given one name (ataressë) at birth by the father. It usually reflected either the name of the father or mother, indicating the person's descent, to which later some distinguishing prefix could be added. As the Elf grew older, they received a second name (amilessë), given by the mother. This name was extremely important and reflected personality, skills, or fate, sometimes being "prophetic".
The epessë or the "after-name" is the third type. It was given later in life, not necessarily by kin, as a title of admiration and honour. In some circumstances, yet another name was chosen by the Elf themselves, called kilmessë meaning "self-name".
The "true names" remained the first two, though an Elf could be referred to by any of these. Mother-names were usually not used by those who did not know the Elf well. In later history and song any of the four could become the one generally used and recognized.
After their Exile to Middle-earth and adoption of Sindarin as the daily speech, most of the Noldor also chose for themselves a name that fitted the style of that language, translating or altering one of their Quenya names.
A patronymic surname is also used – the father's name with the suffix "-ion" (meaning "son") or "-iel" (meaning "daughter") added. Thus, Gildor Inglorion is "Gildor, son of Inglor".
Several examples include:
Galadriel is the Sindarin translation of Alatáriel, the Telerin Quenya epessë originally given to her by Celeborn, which means "Maiden Crowned by a Radiant Garland". Her father-name is Artanis (noble woman) and her mother-name is Nerwen (man-maiden).
Maedhros, the oldest son of Fëanor, was called Russandol (copper-top) by his brothers: He had earned this epessë because of his ruddy hair. His father-name had been Nelyafinwë (Finwë the third: Fëanor's own father-name had been (Curu) Finwë), and his mother-name Maitimo (well-shaped one). Maedhros is a rendering into Sindarin of parts of his mother-name and epessë.
Finrod is usually referred to as Felagund (hewer of caves), a name the Dwarves had given to him (originally Felakgundu) because of his dwellings at Nargothrond. Finrod adopted the name, and made it a title of honour.
Círdan (Shipwright) is the epessë of a Telerin Elf who remained in Beleriand, and later Lindon, until the end of the Third Age. His original name was only rarely remembered in traditions as Nōwē, and he was referred to always as Círdan, a title which had been given to him as Lord of the Falas.
Elvish languages[edit]
Main article: Elvish languages (Middle-earth)
Tolkien created many languages for his Elves. His interest was primarily philological, and he said his stories grew out of his languages. Indeed, the languages were the first thing Tolkien ever created for his mythos, starting with what he originally called "Elfin" or "Qenya". This was later spelled Quenya (High-elven) and, along with Sindarin (Grey-elven), is one of the two most complete of Tolkien's constructed languages. In addition to these two Tolkien also created many other (related) Elvish languages.
Elves are also credited with creating the Tengwar (by Fëanor) and Cirth (Daeron) scripts.
Adaptations[edit]
Elves as portrayed in the 1977 Rankin-Bass version of The Hobbit.
The 1977 Rankin Bass animated version of The Hobbit, with character designs by Lester Abrams, features Wood Elves as green-skinned warriors with slightly Austrian-German accents. High Elves are shown with pointed ears and beards.
In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings film series (2001–2003), all of the elves (including Wood Elves) are portrayed as fair, graceful, and wise beings with supernatural abilities like enhanced eyesight. While they facially resemble humans, they transcend beauty, with much longer and finer hair and an apparent inner glow. They also have pointed ears and no facial hair.
In Middle-earth Role Playing (Iron Crown Enterprises, 1986), three tribes of elves are presented as player character race options, the Silvan, Sindar and Noldor – each receiving statistic bonuses (ranging from 5 to 15) to all attributes apart from Strength, with the Noldor receiving the highest accumulative bonuses of any racial type in the game. All three tribes are statistically immune to disease (+100% chance of resistance), and must be given "Presence" as the highest randomly generated statistic. Elven characters also receive significant skill bonuses with missile weapons (such as a bow and arrow) and stealth skills (such as hiding).
All three elven tribes (Silvan, Noldor, Sindar) depicted in The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game (Decipher, Inc., 2001) have varying (one or two points) statistic bonuses to Bearing, Perception and Nimbleness, with the Noldor also receiving a bonus to Wits and the Sindar to Vitality, giving both of these the highest accumulative bonuses available to Player Characters. The system of skills, feats and flaws further outlines racial and cultural characteristics, bonuses being given to the Noldor in Lore and "Resisting the Shadow", to the Silvan elves for various wood-craft skills, and the Sindar to musical performance. All elves have the ability to enchant objects, and receive bonuses in any test regarding magic.
In The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game (Games Workshop, 2001), Elves have similar statistics to similarly armed Men, except for much higher scores for their Fighting and Courage attributes.[35] On average, Elven wargear (armour and weapons) give twice the advantage of weapons made by Men.
See also[edit]
Middle-earth portal
List of Middle-earth Elves
Elvish languages (Middle-earth)
Falmari
Ilkorin
Moriquendi
Notable Elves[edit]
Some notable Elves include:
Arwen Undómiel great, great granddaughter of Lúthien.
Beleg most skilled of all Elves in hunting and tracking.
Celeborn husband of Galadriel.
Celebrían daughter of Galadriel, wife of Elrond, mother of Elladan, Elrohir and Arwen.
Celebrimbor maker of the Rings of Power.
Círdan Lord of the Grey Havens and one of the oldest Elves in Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age.
Elrond great grandson of Lúthien, Lord of Imladris through the Third Age.
Elwing wife of Eärendil.
Fëanor often referred to as the mightiest of the Noldor.
Fingolfin greatest warrior of all the Children of Ilúvatar.
Finrod Felagund King of Nargothrond.
Galadriel greatest of the Noldor save Fëanor.
Gil-galad High-king of the Noldorin Elves in Exile.
Glorfindel true savior of Frodo after his close call with morgul blade at Weathertop
Idril wife of Tuor and mother of Eärendil
Legolas one of Fellowship of the Ring, later Lord of the Elves of Ithilien
Lúthien enchantress, fairest of all the Children of Ilúvatar.
Thingol King of Beleriand, tallest of all the Eldar, father of Lúthien.
Thranduil king of the woodland Elves of Mirkwood, father of Legolas.
Turgon king of Gondolin.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology, pages 7–8 and 73—74. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-513-1
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Humphrey, ed. (1981), The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, #25, ISBN 0-395-31555-7
Jump up ^ Solopova, Elizabeth (2009), Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J.R.R. Tolkien's Fiction, New York City: North Landing Books, p. 26, ISBN 0-9816607-1-1
Jump up ^ Garth, John (2003), Tolkien and the Great War, London: HarperCollins (published 2004), p. 76, ISBN 0-00-711953-4
Jump up ^ Zipes, Jack (1989). Victorian fairy tales : the revolt of the fairies and elves (Paperback ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. xxiv. ISBN 978-0-415-90140-6.
Jump up ^ Garth, John (2003), Tolkien and the Great War, London: HarperCollins (published 2004), p. 78, ISBN 0-00-711953-4
Jump up ^ Burns, Marjorie (2005). Perilous realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth. University of Toronto Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-8020-3806-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tolkien, J. R. R. (1984), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Book of Lost Tales, 1, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-35439-0
Jump up ^ Fimi, Dimitra. "Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien" Archived 31 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama. Retrieved 11/01/08
^ Jump up to: a b c d Carpenter, Humphrey (1977), Tolkien: A Biography, New York: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0-04-928037-6
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1984), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Book of Lost Tales, 2, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-36614-3
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fimi, Dimitra (August 2006). ""Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology". Folklore. 117 (2): 156–170. doi:10.1080/00155870600707847.
Jump up ^ Shippey, Tom (1998). The Road to Middle-earth (3rd ed.). Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-261-10275-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tolkien, J. R. R. (1937), Douglas A. Anderson, ed., The Annotated Hobbit, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 2002), p. 120, ISBN 0-618-13470-0
Jump up ^ Garth, John (2003), Tolkien and the Great War, London: HarperCollins (published 2004), p. 222, ISBN 0-00-711953-4
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1987), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Lost Road and Other Writings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 171, The Lhammas, ISBN 0-395-45519-7
^ Jump up to: a b Gunnell, Terry. "Tivar in a Timeless Land: Tolkien's Elves". University of Iceland.
Jump up ^ Burns, Marjory (2005). Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth. University of Toronto Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-8020-3806-9.
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1984), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Book of Lost Tales, 1, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p 31, The Cottage of Lost Play, ISBN 0-395-35439-0
Jump up ^ Carpenter 1981, #26
Jump up ^ http://de-vagaesemhybrazil.blogspot.com.br/2009/09/mad-elves-and-elusive-beauty-some.html
Jump up ^ Shippey, T. A. (2000). J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. London: HarperCollins. p. 211.
Jump up ^ Galadriel (Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings)
^ Jump up to: a b Carpenter 1981, #144
Jump up ^ Brin, David (2008). Through Stranger Eyes: Reviews, Introductions, Tributes & Iconoclastic Essays. Nimble Books. p. 37. ISBN 1-934840-39-4.
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The War of the Jewels, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, "Quendi and Eldar, ISBN 0-395-71041-3
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1993), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Morgoth's Ring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, "Myths Transformed", ISBN 0-395-68092-1
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Tolkien, J. R. R. (1993), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Morgoth's Ring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, "Laws and Customs among the Eldar", ISBN 0-395-68092-1
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Unfinished Tales, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-29917-9
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1993), Christopher Tolkien, ed., Morgoth's Ring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, The Converse of Manwë and Eru, pp. 361–4, ISBN 0-395-68092-1
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-25730-1
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955), The Return of the King, The Lord of the Rings, Boston: Houghton Mifflin (published 1987), ISBN 0-395-08256-0 , Appendix F.
Jump up ^ Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings, s.v. "Elven-smiths".
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The War of the Jewels, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Quendi and Eldar, ISBN 0-395-71041-3
Jump up ^ "Profiles of Middle-earth". Rules Summary. Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
External links[edit]
"Elves". Tolkien Gateway.
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Ferdinand (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with the 1938 Walt Disney cartoon short Ferdinand the Bull (film).
Ferdinand
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Carlos Saldanha
Produced by
John Davis
Lisa Marie Stetler
Lori Forte
Bruce Anderson
Screenplay by
Robert L. Baird
Tim Federle
Brad Copeland
Story by
Ron Burch
David Kidd
Don Rhymer
Based on
The Story of Ferdinand
by Munro Leaf
Robert Lawson
Starring
John Cena
Kate McKinnon
Gina Rodriguez
Daveed Diggs
Gabriel Iglesias
Anthony Anderson
Bobby Cannavale
Peyton Manning
Miguel Ángel Silvestre
David Tennant
Music by
John Powell
Cinematography
Renato Falcão
Edited by
Harry Hitner
Production
company
Blue Sky Studios[1]
20th Century Fox Animation[1]
Davis Entertainment[1]
Distributed by
20th Century Fox[1]
Release date
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) (Dubai)
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15) (United States)
Running time
108 minutes[2]
Country
United States[3]
Language
English
Budget
$111 million[4]
Box office
$296.1 million[4]
Ferdinand is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was based on Munro Leaf and Robert Lawson's children's book The Story of Ferdinand, written by Robert L. Baird, Tim Federle and Brad Copeland and directed by Carlos Saldanha. The film features the voice of John Cena as the titular role, along with Kate McKinnon, Anthony Anderson, Bobby Cannavale, Peyton Manning, Gina Rodriguez, Daveed Diggs, Gabriel Iglesias, Miguel Ángel Silvestre and David Tennant. The story, written by Ron Burch, David Kidd and Don Rhymer, follows a gentle pacifist bull named Ferdinand who refuses to participate in bullfighting but is forced back into the arena where his beliefs are challenged by being faced off against the world's greatest bullfighter.
Ferdinand premiered on December 8, 2017 at the Dubai International Film Festival and was theatrically released in the United States on December 15, 2017, in 3D and 2D.. It has grossed $296 million worldwide against a production budget of $111 million.[5][6] Ferdinand received a nomination for Best Animated Feature at the 90th Academy Awards but lost to Coco. It received nominations for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Song ("Home") at the 75th Golden Globe Awards.[7]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
4.2 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In Spain, a ranch owned by Moreno (Raúl Esparza) that trains bulls for bullfighting called Casa del Toro harbours a bull calf named Ferdinand (Colin H. Murphy). He is ridiculed by his fellow calves Bones (Nile Diaz), Guapo (Jet Jurgensmeyer), and Valiente (Jack Gore) for being non-confrontational and his tendency to smell and protect flowers. A saddened Ferdinand runs away from Casa del Toro after his father Raf (Jeremy Sisto) does not return from the bull fight he was picked for and a flower he was fond of was flattened by Valiente after his own father was defeated by Raf. He eventually winds up at a florist's farm in Seville and is adopted by the owner Juan (Juanes), his dog Paco (Jerrod Carmichael), and his daughter Nina (Julia Saldanha) with whom he shares a bond, much to Paco's jealousy.
When Ferdinand (John Cena) eventually grows up into an enormous bull, he still retains his non-violent, flower-loving nature. Due to his size, he is left alone when Juan, Nina (Lily Day), and Paco go to Ronda for an annual flower festival. Ferdinand decides to go anyway, resulting in him getting stung by a bee and unintentionally causing chaos around town and is taken away back to Casa del Toro, much to his and the family’s sadness.
Once back there, he finds that Bones (Anthony Anderson), Guapo (Peyton Manning), and Valiente (Bobby Cannavale) have also grown up and have been joined by a Scottish bull named Angus (David Tennant) and a silent but intimidating bull named Maquina (Tim Nordquist). Ferdinand is still disrespected by the bulls, but manages to befriend a crazy goat named Lupe (Kate McKinnon) who wants to be his coach in bullfighting despite his lack of interest and three hedgehogs named Una (Gina Rodriguez), Dos (Daveed Diggs), and Cuatro (Gabriel Iglesias) who frequently invade Casa del Toro to steal food. They used to have another brother named Tres, but they claim he is dead.
One day, a legendary but egotistical bullfighter named El Primero (Miguel Ángel Silvestre) arrives at Casa del Toro to choose the biggest, strongest, and most aggressive bull to fight against before he retires. When the bulls fail to impress him on their first try, Guapo is taken to a nearby slaughterhouse and the other bulls tell Ferdinand that it will eventually be their fate if they are not chosen for a bullfight. Although Ferdinand manages to earn the respect of the other bulls, except Valiente, after a dance-off with three Austrian Lipzzans (Sally Phillips, Flula Borg and Boris Kodjoe), they still hold on to the belief that fighting is the only way for them to live. Ferdinand manages to convince Lupe to come back with him to Nina's farm and the hedgehogs help them escape, but when Ferdinand is close to freedom, he sees his father's picture on a wall with his horns mounted, along with dozens of other horns, making him realize that every bull who is chosen to fight gets slain by the matador.
Ferdinand explains to the other bulls that they will all eventually be killed even if they are chosen to fight. Valiente is the only one unconvinced and charges Ferdinand outside where Ferdinand inadvertently beats him in a fight and knocks off his right horn, much to the other animals' shock. Primero witnesses the scuffle, and chooses Ferdinand to fight him after seeing him defeat Valiente. When Valiente is taken to the slaughterhouse, Ferdinand rallies up the remaining bulls to escape but first goes to the slaughterhouse to break out Valiente. He at first refuses as he believes that the slaughterhouse is his fate now, but they discover that Guapo is still alive, and Ferdinand questions Valiente's courage after Valiente refuses to help him rescue Guapo. When Ferdinand tries to save Guapo, he accidentally activates a series of deadly contraptions, but with the help of a now-friendlier Valiente, they escape the slaughterhouse. The bulls, Lupe, the hedgehogs and a red bunny rabbit steal the training area's company truck to escape, with Moreno and his employees giving chase.
The animals try desperately to lose the humans and wind up at Atocha train station in Madrid that Ferdinand sees as his ticket back to Nina. When the bulls push a small railroad cart to catch the train back to Nina's home, Ferdinand sacrifices himself so the other bulls can escape (except for Lupe, who stays behind in shock after Ferdinand's act) and is captured by Moreno and his employees. When Nina learns of Ferdinand's upcoming fight with El Primero, she and Juan set out to Madrid to find and rescue Ferdinand.
At Las Ventas bullfight arena, Lupe tries to convince Ferdinand that he must fight in order to survive, but Ferdinand is silently unsure. When Ferdinand is released into the bullfight ring, he refuses to fight at first but is urged into fighting by El Primero. While being forced to run into Primero’s cape, Ferdinand is able to grab the cape from Primero with his horn and is temporarily blinded by it. Primero attempts to grab his cape back from Ferdinand, but is accidentally tossed out of the ring by Ferdinand. Primero re-enters the ring angrily and attacks Ferdinand using banderillas, striking him in the shoulder. Ferdinand almost retaliates against him, but sees a carnation underneath his hoof and realizes he is becoming the fighter he was determined not to be. As Primero draws his sword in order to finish Ferdinand, the crowd begins to cheer for Ferdinand, convincing Primero to spare him. Ferdinand is then reunited with Nina, who embraces him as the crowd throws carnations to the ring to praise the bull. The other bulls arrive, thinking they are too late to save Ferdinand, but instead witness Ferdinand making history as the first bull to ever make it out of a bullfight alive by being himself. Impressed, they sit to praise him for his efforts.
In the end, Ferdinand returns home with Nina, Juan, and Paco. They are joined by the other bulls, the hedgehogs, the bunny, and Lupe, who all move into the farm. The film ends with Ferdinand, his bull friends, and Lupe watching the sunset over Ronda from a field of flowers.
In a brief mid-credits scene, the hedgehogs are confronted by Tres who is revealed to have been alive the whole time.
Cast[edit]
John Cena as Ferdinand, a bull who doesn't want be a fighting bull[8]
Colin H. Murphy voices a calf Ferdinand.
Kate McKinnon as Lupe, an old goat and Ferdinand's mentor[8]
Bobby Cannavale as Valiente, a bull.
Jack Gore voices a calf Valiente.
Cannavale also voices Valiente's father.
Gina Rodriguez as Una, a hedgehog who is Dos and Cuatro's sister[8]
Daveed Diggs as Dos, a hedgehog, Una and Cuatro's brother[8][9]
Gabriel Iglesias as Cuatro, a hedgehog, Una and Dos' brother[10][8][11]
Miguel Ángel Silvestre as El Primero, a famous bull fighter who is in search of the fiercest bull to fight in his final bull fight.[8]
Anthony Anderson as Bones, a bull[8]
Nile Diaz voices a calf Bones
Peyton Manning as Guapo, a bull[12]
Jet Jurgensmeyer voices a calf Guapo
David Tennant as Angus, a Scottish Highland bull from Scotland who had hair over his eyes until Ferdinand came up with a way to fix it by licking his hair.[13]
Lily Day as Nina, the original owner of Ferdinand and Paco. In the end, she becomes the new owner of Lupe.
Julia Scarpa Saldanha voices a young Nina.
Tim Nordquist as Maquina, a cloned Belted Galloway bull made in a laboratory who doesn't talk and mostly makes sounds, and additional voices.
Flula Borg as Hans, a Lipizzan at Casa del Toro.[8]
Boris Kodjoe as Klaus, a Lipizzan at Casa del Toro.[8]
Sally Phillips as Greta, a Lipizzan at Casa del Toro.[8]
Juanes as Juan, the father of Nina and the owner of Ferdinand and Paco.[12]
Jerrod Carmichael as Paco, a dog owned by Nina and Juan[8]
Cindy Slattery as Bunny, a red rabbit and additional voices.
Jeremy Sisto as Raf, Ferdinand's father who died in the bullfights.
Karla Martínez as Isabella, a village mother.[8]
Raúl Esparza as Moreno, the owner of Casa del Toro[8]
Belita Moreno as the shopkeeper of a china shop.
Carlos Saldanha as Screaming Matador and additional voices
Production[edit]
In 2011, it was reported that 20th Century Fox Animation had acquired the rights to the children's book The Story of Ferdinand by Munro Leaf to adapt it into a computer-animated feature film with Carlos Saldanha attached to direct it.[14] In May 2013, Fox titled the film simply Ferdinand, which would be produced by Blue Sky Studios.[15] John Powell, a frequent collaborator with Saldanha, would be composing the film's score.[16] In November 2016, it was reported that Gabriel Iglesias would voice a character named Cuatro, a hedgehog, Una, Dos and Tres' brother.[10]
Soundtrack[edit]
Original Motion Picture Score is composed and conducted by John Powell, with additional music by Batu Sener, Anthony Willis and Paul Mounsey. The album was released on December 15, 2017.
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Bees and Bulls" 2:34
2. "Selection Process" 2:02
3. "Father and Son" 2:06
4. "Finding Home" 5:27
5. "A New Day" 2:54
6. "Flower Festival" 4:46
7. "There's Been A Mistake" 2:26
8. "Lupe and Ferdinand" 2:24
9. "Lipizzaners and Ferraris" 2:50
10. "Ferdinand and Nina" 3:24
11. "Bull Olympics" 3:43
12. "Sunsets in The Training Yard" 3:13
13. "Escape from the Spa" 3:23
14. "Highway Chase" 3:10
15. "From Train Station to Arena" 4:37
16. "Madrid Finale" 12:18
Total length: 62:00
On September 19, 2017, it was announced that singer Nick Jonas wrote and recorded a song called "Home" for the movie. It was featured in the third trailer released in the next day and will also appear in the movie and end credits.[17] It was released as the first promotional single of the soundtrack on October 20, 2017.[18] A Second song by Nick Jonas named "Watch Me" was released alongside the film's EP on December 1.[19]
Track listing[edit]
The soundtrack features three original tracks: "Home" and "Watch Me" by Nick Jonas, and "Lay Your Head On Me" by Juanes.[19][20]
No.
Title
Artist(s)
Length
1. "Home" Nick Jonas 3:00
2. "Lay Your Head On Me" Juanes 3:16
3. "Watch Me" Jonas 2:26
4. "Freedom" Pitbull 2:54
5. "Macarena" Los del Rio 4:09
6. "Home (Film Version)" Jonas
John Powell 2:48
Total length: 18:55
Release[edit]
In May 2013, Fox scheduled the film for April 7, 2017 release.[15] In February 2016, the release date was pushed back from its original release date of April 7, 2017 to July 21, 2017.[21] In August 2016, the release date was again pushed back, this time from July 21, 2017 to December 22, 2017, taking over the release date of DreamWorks Animation's The Croods 2,[22] before that film was temporarily cancelled.[23] In February 2017, the film was moved up by one week from December 22, 2017 to December 15, 2017.[5] The first trailer premiered on March 28, 2017,[24] followed by the second trailer on June 14, 2017.[25]
Home media[edit]
Ferdinand was released on digital on February 27, 2018, and was released on Ultra HD Blu-ray, DVD and Blu-ray on March 13, 2018.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Ferdinand has grossed $84.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $210.9 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $296 million, against a production budget of $111 million.[4]
In the United States and Canada, Ferdinand was released alongside Star Wars: The Last Jedi, and was projected to gross $15–20 million from 3,621 theaters in its opening weekend.[26] It made $350,000 from Thursday night previews at 2,385 theaters, which began at 5 P.M. and $3.6 million on its first day. It went on to open to $13.3 million, finishing second behind The Last Jedi.[27]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 105 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Ferdinand's colorful update on a classic tale doesn't go anywhere unexpected, but its timeless themes – and John Cena's engaging voice work in the title role – make for family-friendly fun."[28] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[29] Audience polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]
Spanish bullfighting critic of El País, Antonio Lorca, in a critique of the film said that the film's message is "profoundly unnatural", and that the "renunciation" of the lead character to its "animal nature" is a lie that manipulates children, who will become "tomorrow's anti-bullfighters".[30] El Diario.es commented on this article by Lorca, saying that it had been widely commented on social networks and that the anti-bullfighting narrative of the film "raised hackles" for its message against animal abuse, which can also be interpreted as "fight against school bullying" and "implicit defense of sexual and gender diversity".[31]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Academy Awards March 4, 2018 Best Animated Feature Carlos Saldanha and Lori Forte Nominated
Annie Awards February 3, 2018 Design in an Animated Feature Production Thomas Cardone
Arden Chan
Andrew Hickson
Mike Lee
Jason Sadler Nominated
Editorial in an Animated Feature Production Harry Hitner
Tim Nordquist Nominated
Golden Globe Awards January 7, 2018 Best Animated Feature Film Carlos Saldanha Nominated [32]
Best Original Song "Home" Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Awards February 24th 2018 Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated Bill Higley, Randy Thom, Lora Hirschberg, Leff Lefferts, Shawn Murphy and Scott Curtis Nominated [33]
Guild of Music Supervisors Awards February 8, 2018 Best Song/Recording Created for a Film "Home" Nominated [34]
Humanitas Prize February 16, 2018 Feature – Family Ron Burch & David Kidd, Don Rhymer, Robert L. Baird and Tim Federle and Brad Copeland Won [35]
Kids' Choice Awards March 24, 2018 Favorite Animated Film Ferdinand Nominated [36]
Producers Guild of America Awards January 20, 2018 Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Picture Lori Forte and Bruce Anderson Nominated [37]
Visual Effects Society Awards February 13, 2018 Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature Yaron Canetti, Allan Kadkoy, Danny Speck, Mark Adams Nominated [38]
Movieguide Awards March 2018 Best Movie for Families Ferdinand Nominated [39]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Film releases". Variety Insight. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Ferdinand". AMC Theatres. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ferdinand (2017)". AllMovie. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ferdinand (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 9, 2017). "Blue Sky's Bull Toon 'Ferdinand' To Lock Horns With 'Star Wars: The Last Jedi'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Past, present and future releases to Past, Present and Future Releases | UK Recent and Upcoming Movie". Launchingfilms.com. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
Jump up ^ Rubin, Rebecca (December 11, 2017). "Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List". Variety. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Phelan, Zehra (March 28, 2017). "Like a bull in a china shop the debut trailer for Ferdinand barges in". HeyUGuys. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Diggs, Daveed (March 28, 2017). "Excited for y'all to meet #Dos in the new @ferdinandmovie he's a real good dude. #Ferdinand #HedgehogsRepresent". Twitter. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Busch, Anita (November 17, 2016). "Gabriel Iglesias Joins 'Ferdinand' & 'Smurfs' Voice Casts As He Readies Comedy Tour". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Diggs, Daveed (March 28, 2017). "Excited for y'all to meet #Dos in the new @ferdinandmovie he's a real good dude. #Ferdinand #HedgehogsRepresent". Twitter. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b McLean, Tom (September 20, 2017). "'Ferdinand' Unveils Role for Manning, a Nick Jonas Tune and a New Trailer". Animation World Network. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Like a bull in a china shop the debut trailer for Ferdinand barges in - HeyUGuys". Heyuguys.com. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
Jump up ^ Brodesser-Akner, Claude (February 18, 2011). "Fox, Ice Age Director Bullish on The Story of Ferdinand". New York. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Chitwood, Adam (May 16, 2013). "DreamWorks Animation Moves B.O.O. Release Up to June 5, 2015 and TROLLS to November 4, 2016; Fox Dates ANUBIS and FERDINAND". Collider.com. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "John Powell to Score Blue Sky Studios' 'Ferdinand'". Film Music Reporter. September 14, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "First Look! Peyton Manning and Nick Jonas Lend Their Voices to Ferdinand (and Feel Pretty Bullish About It)". PEOPLE.com. 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
Jump up ^ "Home (From the Motion Picture "Ferdinand") - Single by Nick Jonas on Apple Music". Itunes.apple.com. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Ferdinand' Soundtrack EP Details - Film Music Reporter". Filmmusicreporter.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Jump up ^ ""Watch Me" from Ferdinand (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Various Artists on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. 1 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gambit, Alien, Predator and Fox / Marvel Release Updates". ComingSoon.net. February 28, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (August 9, 2016). "'Croods 2' Release Delayed Amid DreamWorks Animation Sale". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rainey, James (November 11, 2016). "DreamWorks Animation and Universal Kill 'Croods 2' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Randee Dawn (March 28, 2017). "Watch the trailer for John Cena's new animated movie Ferdinand". Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "OFFICIAL: New 'Ferdinand' Trailer Tomorrow | TrailerTrack". TrailerTrack. 2017-06-13. Retrieved 2017-11-11.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 12, 2017). "The Global Box Office Awakens: 'Star Wars: The Last Jedi' Could Power To $440M Opening". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (December 17, 2017). "'The Last Jedi' Opening To $219M: How Disney Continues To Win With The 'Star Wars' Franchise". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ferdinand (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ferdinand Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Lorca, Antonio (2018-01-06). "La conmovedora, tierna, sensiblera y mentirosa historia del toro Ferdinand". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "El crítico taurino de 'El País' embiste contra la película 'Ferdinand' porque el toro no muere en la plaza: "Es antinatural"". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Lisa Respers France. "Golden Globe nominations 2018: The list". Cnn.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "54th CAS Awards Nominees". Cinema Audio Society. January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sufjan Stevens, 'Greatest Showman,' 'Girls' Among Guild of Music Supervisors Awards Nominees". Variety. January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (January 9, 2018). "Humanitas Prize Finalists Announced; Feature Awards Split Into 3 Categories". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (February 26, 2018). "Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards 2018: Watch Host John Cena Announce the Favorite Movie Nominees". E! Online. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dave McNary (January 5, 2018). "Producers Guild Awards: 'Get Out,' 'Wonder Woman' Among Film Nominees". Variety. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 16, 2018). "Visual Effects Society Awards: 'Apes,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Lead Feature Nominees". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2018 Movieguide Awards Nominations". Movieguides Awards. February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Ferdinand on IMDb
Ferdinand at Rotten Tomatoes
show
v
t
e
Blue Sky Studios
Feature films
Released
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_(film)&oldid=853415294"
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