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Lahaul and Spiti district
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Lahaul and Spiti district
लाहौल और स्पीति जिला
District of Himachal Pradesh

Location of Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh
Country
India
State
Himachal Pradesh
Administrative division
Two
Headquarters
Keylong
Government
• Assembly seats
01
Area
• Total
13,833 km2 (5,341 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total
31,564
• Density
2.3/km2 (5.9/sq mi)
• Urban
None
Demographics
• Literacy
86.97% (male), 66.5% (female)
• Sex ratio
916
Major highways
one (Manali-Leh National Highway)
Average annual precipitation
Scanty Rainfall mm
Website
[hplahaulspiti.gov.in Official website]
The district of Lahaul-Spiti in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh consists of the two formerly separate districts of Lahaul and Spiti. The present administrative centre is Keylong in Lahaul. Before the two districts were merged, Kardang was the capital of Lahaul, and Dhankar the capital of Spiti. The district was formed in 1960.
Kunzum la or the Kunzum Pass (altitude 4,551 m; 14,931 ft) is the entrance pass to the Spiti Valley from Lahaul. It is 21 km from Chandra Tal.[1] This district is connected to Manali through the Rohtang Pass. To the south, Spiti ends 24 km from Tabo, at the Sumdo where the road enters Kinnaur and joins with National Highway No. 22.[2]
The two valleys are quite different in character. Spiti is more barren and difficult to cross, with an average elevation of the valley floor of 4,270 m (14,009 ft). It is enclosed between lofty ranges, with the Spiti river rushing out of a gorge in the southeast to meet the Sutlej River. It is a typical mountain desert area with an average annual rainfall of only 170 mm (6.7 inches).[3]
It is the fourth least populous district in India (out of 640).[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Gallery
2 Flora and fauna
3 People
3.1 Lifestyle
4 Religion
5 Tourism
6 Demographics
7 Places to stay
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Gallery[edit]
Lahaul valley in winter
Mountain peak in Lahaul and Spiti district
Flora and fauna[edit]
The harsh conditions of Lahaul permit only scattered tufts of hardy grasses and shrubs to grow, even below 4,000 metres. Glacier lines are usually found at 5,000 metres.
Animals such as yaks and dzos roam across the wild Lingti plains. However, over-hunting and a decrease in food supplies has led to a large decrease in the population of the Tibetan antelope, argali, kiangs, musk deer, and snow leopards in these regions, reducing them to the status of endangered species. However, in the Lahaul valley, one can see ibex, brown bears, foxes and snow leopards during winter.
People[edit]
Mother and child near Gandhola Monastery, 2004
The language, culture, and populations of Lahaul and Spiti are closely related. Generally the Lahaulis are of Tibetan and Indo-Aryan, while the Spiti Bhot are more similar to the Tibetans, owing to their proximity to Tibet. The district has a H.P. state legislative law in place to curb antique loot, by suspecting travellers given past incidences. In pre-independence era, the ethnic tribal belt was into the British lahaul and the chamba lahaul, which was merged with Punjab post 1947. This is second largest district in Indian union.
The languages of both the Lahauli and Spiti is Bhoti, Spiti Bhoti, it belongs to the Tibetan family. They are very similar to the Ladakhi and Tibetans culturally, as they had been placed under the rule of the Guge and Ladakh kingdoms at occasional intervals.
Among the Lahaulis, the family acts as the basic unit of kinship. The extended family system is common, evolved from the polyandric system of the past. The family is headed by a senior male member, known as the Yunda, while his wife, known as the Yundamo, attains authority by being the oldest member in the generation. The clan system, also known as Rhus, plays another major role in the Lahauli society.
The Spiti Bhot community has an inheritance system that is otherwise unique to the Tibetans. Upon the death of both parents, only the eldest son will inherit the family property, while the eldest daughter inherits the mother's jewellery, and the younger siblings inherit nothing. Men usually fall back on the social security system of the Trans-Himalayan Gompas.
Lifestyle[edit]
The lifestyles of the Lahauli and Spiti Bhot are similar, owing to their proximity. Polyandry was widely practiced by the Lahaulis in the past, although this practice has been dying out. The Spiti Bhot do not generally practice polyandry any more, although it is accepted in a few isolated regions.
Divorces are accomplished by a simple ceremony performed in the presence of village elders. Divorce can be sought by either partner. The husband has to pay compensation to his ex-wife if she does not remarry. However, this is uncommon among the Lahaulis.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood. Potato farming is common. Occupations include animal husbandry, working in government programs, government services, and other businesses and crafts that include weaving. Houses are constructed in the Tibetan architectural style, as the land in Lahul and Spiti is mountainous and quite prone to earthquakes.
Religion[edit]
Religions in Lahaul and Spiti
Religion Percent
Buddhism
62.01%
Hinduism
36.91%
Christian
0.67%
Others
0.41%
Distribution of religions
†Includes Muslims (0.23%).[5]
Kunzum Pass between Lahul & Spiti
Ki-Gompa, Spiti
Most of the Lahaulis follow a combination of Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism of the Drukpa Kagyu order, while the Spiti Bhotia follow Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa order. Within Lahoul, the Todh/Gahr(upper region of lahaul towards Ladhakh) region had the strongest Buddhist influence, owing to its close proximity to Spiti. Lahoul has temples such as Trilokinath temple, where pilgrims worship a certain god in different manifestations, notably in the form of Shiva and Avalokiteshvara where [Udaipur] is a puritan temple. This bas-relief, of marble, depicts the Buddhist deity Avalokiteshvara (the embodiment of the Buddha's compassion) in a stylized seated position; Hindu devotees take it to be Shiva Nataraj, Shiva dancing. This image appears to be of sixteenth century Chamba craftsmanship. It was created to replace the original black stone image of the deity, which became damaged by art looters. This original image is kept beneath the plinth of the shrine. It appears to be of 12th century Kashmiri provenance . Much of the art thieves are active in this remote belt because of neglected gompas and temples. Raja Ghepan, one of the major deities is greatly workshipped by almost all Lahauli.
Before the spread of Tibetan Buddhism and Hinduism, the people were adherents of the religion 'Lung Pe Chhoi', an animistic religion that had some affinities with the Bön religion of Tibet. While the religion flourished, animal and human sacrifices were regularly offered up to the 'Iha', a term that refers to evil spirits residing in the natural world, notably in the old pencil-cedar trees, rocks and caves. Vestiges of the Lung Pe Chhoi religion can be seen in the behaviour of the Lamas, who are believed to possess certain supernatural powers.
The Losar festival (also known as Halda in Lahauli) is celebrated between the months of January and February. The date of celebration is decided by the Lamas. It has the same significance as the Diwali festival of Hinduism, but is celebrated in a Tibetan fashion.
At the start of the festival, two or three persons from every household will come holding burning incense. The burning sticks are then piled into a bonfire. The people will then pray to Shiskar Apa, the goddess of wealth (other name Vasudhara) in the Buddhist religion.
In the Pattan belt of the valley in Lahoul most population follows Hinduism, but counts for 14 percent of the total and they are called swanglas. The fagli festival is celebrated between February and March all over the valley. This festival is a new year festival and closely precedes beginning of tibetian and Chinese calendar. Notable is the Pattan people are the late settlers in the valley around 1500 A.D. and have broad highlights and have distinct language on the likes the central Asians, chamba, pangi, pashtoons and uyghurs. This belt is known for the convergence for chandra and bhaga rivers to form Chenab.
Lahaul has three major valley like kinnaur, which is Tinan Valley (Koksar-Dalang), Pattan Valley (Mooling-Uadaipur region), Punan or Todh/Gahr(Keylong-Zanskar). People of Pattan Valley are largely Hindu and each village has its presiding deity. The inhabitant of Tinan Valley is influenced by both Buddhism and Hindu. The people of Punan (Todh/Gahr) is mostly influenced by Buddhism.
Tourism[edit]
Ki Gompa
The natural scenery and Buddhist monasteries, such as Kye, Dhankar, Shashur, Guru Ghantal, Khungri Monastery in Pin Valley, Tnagyud Gompa of the Sakya Sect in Komic, Sherkhang Gompa in Lahlung (believed to be older than Tabo Monastery), the only Buddhist Mummy of a Monk in Gue around 550 years old and Chandra Taal Lake are the main tourist attractions of the region.
One of the most interesting places is the Tabo Monastery, located 45 km from Kaza, Himachal Pradesh, the capital of the Spiti region. This monastery rose to prominence when it celebrated its thousandth year of existence in 1996. It houses a collection of Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist statues and Thangkas. The ancient gompa is finished with mud plaster, and contains several scriptures and documents. Lama Dzangpo heads the gompa here. There is a modern guest house with a dining hall and all facilities are available.
Another famous gompa, Kardang Monastery, is located at an elevation of 3,500 metres across the river, about 8 km from Keylong. Kardang is well connected by the road via the Tandi bridge which is about 14 km from Keylong. Built in the 12th century, this monastery houses a large library of Buddhist literature including the main Kangyur and Tangyur scriptures.
The treacherous weather in Lahaul and Spiti permits visitors to tour only between the months of June to October, when the roads and villages are free of snow and the high passes (Rothang La and Kunzum La) are open. It is possible to access Spiti from Kinnaur (along the Sutlej) all through the year, although the road is sometimes temporarily closed by landslides or avalanches.
Buddhist Monasteries in Spiti: Spiti is one of the important centers of Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh. It is popularly known as the 'land of lamas'. The valley is dotted by numerous Buddhist Monasteries or Gompas that are famous throughout the world and are a favorite of Dalai Lama.
Kye Monastery: Kye Monastery is one of the main learning centres of Buddhist studies in Spiti. The monastery is house to some 100 odd monks who receive education here. It is oldest and biggest monastery in Spiti. It houses the rare painting and beautiful scriptures of Buddha and other gods and goddess. You may also find rare 'Thangka' paintings and ancient musical instruments 'trumpets, cymbals, and drums in the monastery.
Tabo Monastery: Perched at an amazing altitude of 3050 meters, Tabo Monastery is often referred to as the 'Ajanta of the Himalayas'. The 10th century Tabo Monastery was founded by the great scholar, Richen Zangpo, and has been declared as the World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The monastery houses more than 60 lamas and contains the rare collection of scriptures, pieces of art, wall paintings -Thankas and Stucco.
Flora and Fauna of Spiti Valley: The valley is blessed with the good population of snow leopards, ibex, Himalayan Brown Bear, Musk Deer, Himalayan Blue Sheep etc. which serves as the boon for the wildlife lovers. There are two important protected areas in the region that are a home to snow leopard and its prey including the Pin Valley National Park and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary. Surprisingly, due to ardent religious beliefs, people of Spiti do not hunt these wild animals.
Image of waterfall near Udaipur town in Lahaul valley Himachal Pradesh
Apart from the exotic wildlife, the Valley of Spiti is also known for its amazing wealth of flora and the profusion of wild flowers. Some of the most common species found here include Causinia thomsonii, Seseli trilobum, Crepis flexuosa, Caragana brevifolia and Krascheninikovia ceratoides. Then there are more than 62 species of medicinal plants found here.
Adventure activities:
To- do-Trails: For trekkers, the Spiti Valley is a paradise, offering challenging treks to explore the new heights of the Himalayas. The treks takes you to the most remote areas including the rugged villages and old Gompas followed by the exotic wildlife trails. Some of the popular trekking routes in the area includes Kaza-Langza-Hikim-Komic-Kaza, Kaza-Ki-Kibber-Gete-Kaza, Kaza-Losar-Kunzum La and Kaza-Tabo-Sumdo-Nako. There are some very high altitude treks also where you have to cross passes- like Parangla Pass (connecting Ladakh with Spiti Valley), Pin Parvati Pass, Baba Pass, Hampta Pass treks, Spiti Left Bank Trek are few to name. Please note that you carry all the necessary things before you head out for a trekking tour to Spiti. Tents, sleeping bags, cooking equipment, heavy wooolens, sunscreen and sunglasses are a must.
Skiing: Skiing is the popular adventure sports in Spiti and has been popular in India from the past few years. The amazing snow clad mountains with the added advantage of inspiring heights are enough to allure the adventure spirits of the avid skier, providing all the thrill and fun attracted to the sport. People from all around the globe come to experience this enthralling adventure activity.
Yak Safari: The most exciting of all adventure activities in Spiti is the Yak safari. You can hire the Yak to see the flora and fauna of trans-Himalayan desert. It is, in fact, the lifetime opportunity that you won't find anywhere else so easily. Apart from this, horse safaris are also conducted in this area.
Demographics[edit]
According to the 2011 census Lahaul and Spiti district has a population of 31,528,[4] roughly equal to the nation of San Marino.[6] This gives it a ranking of 638th in India (out of a total of 640).[4] The district has a population density of 2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) .[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -5.1%.[4] Lahul and Spiti has a sex ratio of 916 females for every 1000 males,[4] and a literacy rate of 77.24%.[4]
Places to stay[edit]
In the heart of Kaza one can find many luxurious hotels. Some of them are Sakya Abode, Snow Lion, Kunphen Guesthouse and Deyzor Guesthouse. One of the best homestays in Kaza is Sakya Homestay. Keylong is most visited place In lahaul valley because of its wide range of hotels.In the heart of Udaipur Town one can find good hotels including HPPWD Rest House Udaipur, VIP Rest House Udaipur, Forest Rest House Udaipur, HP Agricultural University Rest House Udaipur, Yungfa Guest House, Amandeep Guest House, Mirkula Guest House, Thakur Guest House.Anyone can find get best hotels in less cost here..
See also[edit]
List of highest towns by country
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kunzum Pass". india9.com.
Jump up ^ Kapadia (1999), pp. 215-216.
Jump up ^ Kapadia (1999), pp. 26-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
Jump up ^ "Census of India: District Profile". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
Jump up ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. San Marino 31,817 July 2011 est.
Ciliberto, Jonathan. (2013). "Six Weeks in the Spiti Valley". Circle B Press. 2013. Atlanta. ISBN 978-0-9659336-6-7
Handa, O. C. (1987). Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. ISBN 81-85182-03-5.
Kapadia, Harish. (1999). Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya. 2nd Edition. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7387-093-4.
Janet Rizvi. (1996). Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia. Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi. ISBN 0-19-564546-4.
Cunningham, Alexander. (1854). LADĀK: Physical, Statistical, and Historical with Notices of the Surrounding Countries. London. Reprint: Sagar Publications (1977).
Francke, A. H. (1977). A History of Ladakh. (Originally published as, A History of Western Tibet, (1907). 1977 Edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergan & F. M. Hassnain. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
Francke, A. H. (1914). Antiquities of Indian Tibet. Two Volumes. Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi.
Banach, Benti (2010). 'A Village Called Self-Awareness, life and times in Spiti Valley'. Vajra Publications, Kathmandu ISBN 9937506441.
Further reading[edit]
Hutchinson, J. & J. PH Vogel (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States, Vol. II. 1st edition: Govt. Printing, Pujab, Lahore, 1933. Reprint 2000. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh. Chapter X Lahaul, pp. 474–483; Spiti, pp. 484–488.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lahul and Spiti.
Lahaul and Spiti travel guide from Wikivoyage
Official Website of the district
[show]
Places adjacent to Lahaul and Spiti district
Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir Kargil district, Jammu and Kashmir Leh district, Jammu and Kashmir
Chamba district
Lahaul and Spiti district
China
Kangra district Kullu district Kinnaur district
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Lahaul and Spiti district
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Manali, Himachal Pradesh
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Lahaul and Spiti
Coordinates: 32°30′N 77°50′E / 32.500°N 77.833°E / 32.500; 77.833
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VIAF: 130214682
LCCN: n82165405
GND: 4216992-6
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahaul_and_Spiti_district&oldid=807014499"
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values: لهول و سبيتي – Arabic

values: લાહૌલ અને સ્પીતી જિલ્લો – Gujarati

values: लाहौल और स्पीति जिला – Hindi

values: लाहौल आणि स्पिति जिल्हा – Marathi

values: लाहौल र स्पीती जिल्ला – Nepali

values: ଲାହୌଲା ଏବଂ ସ୍ପୀତୀ ଜିଲ୍ଲା – Odia

values: ਲਾਹੌਲ ਅਤੇ ਸਪੀਤੀ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ – Punjabi

values: ضلع لاہول تے سپیتی – Western Punjabi

values: Лахул и Спити – Russian

values: लाहौल्-स्पितीमण्डलम् – Sanskrit

values: Lahaul and Spiti district – Simple English

values: லாஹௌல் மற்றும் ஸ்பிதி மாவட்டம் – Tamil

values: లాహౌల్ – Telugu

values: لاحول اور سپیتی ضلع – Urdu

values: 拉胡爾和斯皮提縣 – Chinese

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