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Blood stripe
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The blood stripe is visible on the uniforms of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego Band in 2003
A blood stripe is a scarlet stripe worn down the outside leg seams of trousers on the dress uniform of the United States Marine Corps. This red stripe is 2 inches (5.1 cm) for general officers, 1 1⁄2 inches (3.8 cm) for other officers, and 1 1⁄8 inches (2.9 cm) for enlisted staff noncommissioned officers and non-commissioned officers. Modified versions are worn on the officers' evening dress uniforms, with the scarlet flanked with gold trim, and on members of the Marine Band, which wear the traditional red stripe with a white stripe in the center.
Contents
1 History
2 See also
3 References
4 Sources
History[edit]
While trouser stripes were in use in various militaries for many years[1] (especially the British Army, whose uniforms influenced American uniforms for many years, as well as the ref, red stripes of the Spanish Navy Marines[2]), red trouser stripes were not a predominant feature of any American Marine uniform until 1837. In that year, President Andrew Jackson ordered changes that included the adoption of the Army's practice of wearing stripes the same color as uniform jacket facings.[1] These original stripes were buff white to match changes to the uniform jacket, but when the jacket was changed back to dark blue with red trim in 1839, the stripes remained, but altered to a similar blue edged in red. A U.S. Naval Institute history of USMC uniforms records that orders issued in January 1840 provided that officers and non commissioned officers were to wear a scarlet stripe down the outside seam of their blue trousers.[3]
Tradition holds that in the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico on September 1847, Marine officers and NCOs sustained an unusually high casualty rate during the battle.[4][clarification needed] In 1849, uniform regulations dictated that the stripes be changed to a solid red in honor of the numerous Marine deaths. Ten years later, a scarlet cord was inserted into the outer seams for noncommissioned officers and musicians, while a scarlet welt was added for officers. Finally, in 1904, the simple scarlet stripe seen today was adopted, with the varying widths prescribed for different ranks.
According to a Marine Corps publication, Marine casualties for the Mexico City campaign were 780 killed and 2,400 wounded, about fifty percent of the invading force. Ninety percent of Marine officers and non-commissioned officers who fought were killed.[5] Mexican snipers would strategically target officers and non-commissioned officers as they could be seen giving command motions to subordinates or some wore distinguishing uniform apparel, this dismantled combat effectiveness.
See also[edit]
United States Marine Corps portal
Lampasse for military trouser-stripes in general.
Leatherneck
Eagle, Globe, and Anchor
Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
^ Jump up to: a b Lore of the Corps Archived 2009-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. by National Museum of the Marine Corps
Jump up ^ "Reseña Histórica" (in Spanish). Spanish Navy. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Col Robert H. Rankin USMC, Uniforms of the Sea Services, p145, United States Naval Institute 1962
Jump up ^ Kelly, Jack (April 12, 2009). "Kill the pirates". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
Jump up ^ http://community.marines.mil/news/publications/Documents/Marines%20in%20the%20Mexican%20War%20%20PCN%2019000412200.pdf (link does not work)
Sources[edit]
"Marine Corps Uniform Regulations". MCO P1020.34G W/CH 1-5. United States Marine Corps. 31 March 2003. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
Dress Blues on marines.com
Blood Stripe on Answers.com
"Marine Corps Uniforms". Marine For Life. 3 September 2006. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
Leicht, Cpl. Paul W. (March 5, 2004). "Earning the Blood Stripe: Marines remember a legacy of sacrifice". Marine Corps Air Station Miramar: United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
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Category:Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
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text:
Cry Pretty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Cry Pretty"
Single by Carrie Underwood
from the album Cry Pretty
Released
April 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)
Genre
Country rock
pop rock
Length
4:06
Label
Capitol Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Carrie Underwood
Hillary Lindsey
Liz Rose
Lori McKenna
Producer(s)
Carrie Underwood
David Garcia
Carrie Underwood singles chronology
"The Champion"
(2018) "Cry Pretty"
(2018)
Music video
"Cry Pretty" on YouTube
"Cry Pretty" is a song recorded by American country singer Carrie Underwood from her upcoming sixth studio album of the same name. It was released on April 11, 2018, through Capitol Nashville as the lead single from the album.
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and composition
2 Critical reception
3 Commercial performance
4 Music video
5 Live performances
6 Charts
7 Awards and nominations
8 References
Writing and composition[edit]
"Cry Pretty" was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, Liz Rose, and Lori McKenna.[1] About the song, Underwood said:
"The title refers to when emotions take over and you just can't hold them back. It really speaks to a lot of things that have happened in the past year and I hope when you hear it, you can relate those feelings to those times in your life. It's emotional. It's real. And it rocks!"[2]
Critical reception[edit]
"Cry Pretty" received positive reviews upon its release. Billboard praised its subject matter, writing, "The four-minute song digs deep into the difficulty of "dressing up" heartache with fancy rhinestones and lace when all you want to do is break down and cry, building to a sky-high crescendo in the final minute, where Underwood unleashes the full, soulful power of her voice."[3]NPR praised Underwood's delivery, writing that her "performance communicates the same weary rage these classics do, the injustice of being expected to keep it together so that the world is a little better-looking, a version of country's tragic punchlines that could only be sung by a woman."[4] USA Today praised the song, writing "The track is a promising return for Underwood, featuring an enduring melody that's instantly more memorable than "The Champion", her Super Bowl theme she released in January. For country music's unshakable sweetheart, "Cry Pretty" shows Underwood in full empowerment mode, even if she's not always in control of her emotions."[5]
Commercial performance[edit]
The song was added by 121 total stations on impact date on Mediabase which prompted it to debut at number 20 on the Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week ending April 21, 2018.[6] It has so far reached number 10 on that chart, becoming Underwood's 27th consecutive top ten single and extending the record for most consecutive top ten singles from the start of a career.[7]. It debuted at number 5 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart despite arriving late for the tracking week.[8] The following week, the song topped the Digital Songs chart with 54,000 sold, becoming the first country song to top that chart since 2014.[9] It also became Underwood's first ever number one on the Digital Songs chart and vaulted from number 20 to number 5 on the Hot Country Songs chart, becoming her 27th consecutive top ten single. It also debuted at number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100.[10]
In Canada, the song debuted at number 83 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. Onn the Canadian Country Songs chart, it debuted at number 35 and has reached number 11.
"Cry Pretty" debuted at number 94 on the Scottish Singles Chart before moving to number 75 in its second week.[11]
As of July 2018, the single has sold 155,000 copies in the United States.[12]
Music video[edit]
Underwood first posted a short teaser clip for the official music video of the song on May 3, 2018, with a note at the end of the clip saying "official video coming soon". The video premiered during the May 6 episode of American Idol.[13] It was directed by Randee St. Nicholas.
The video begins with Underwood in the shower, then shows her walking onstage getting ready to perform the song. This is intercut with scenes of her in her dressing room, bedroom, shower and limousine, where she is seen crying.[14]
Live performances[edit]
Underwood performed the single live for the first time at the 53rd Academy of Country Music Awards on April 15, 2018, marking her first public appearance since November 2017.[15] The performance was very well received and she received a standing ovation from the crowd.[16] Billboard ranked it as the best performance of the night.[17]
On May 13, 2018, Underwood performed the song live during the semi-final of American Idol.[18] On May 11, she performed the song during her ten-year Grand Ole Opry anniversary celebration,[19] and at the 2018 CMT Music Awards on June 6, 2018.[20]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[21]
83
Canada Country (Billboard)[22]
11
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[23]
75
US Billboard Hot 100[24]
48
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[25]
10
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[26]
5
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award ceremony
Category
Result
Ref.
2018 Teen Choice Awards Choice Country Song Pending [27]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Underwood, Carrie. "Carrie's Letter To Fans". CarrieUnderwoodOfficial. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Gives Health Update & Talks New Single in Open Letter to Fans: 'I Feel More Like Myself'". Billboard. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil. "Carrie Underwood Doesn't Hold Anything Back on Emotional 'Cry Pretty': Listen". Billboard. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Powers, Ann. "Ahead Of Her Return, Carrie Underwood's 'Cry Pretty' Does Some Heavy Lifting". National Public Radio. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood's new song 'Cry Pretty' is an emotional comeback". USA Today. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood's "Cry Pretty" Erupts As Country Radio's Most Added Song". Headline Planet. April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8464798/carrie-underwood-gets-27th-straight-country-airplay-top-10
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood's "Cry Pretty" Debuts On Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100". Headline Planet. April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8376548/carrie-underwood-first-country-no-1-since-2014-cry-pretty
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood's "Cry Pretty" Debuts on Billboard Hot 100". Headline Planet. April 23, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100 – Official Charts Company". www.officialcharts.com. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bjorke, Matt (July 3, 2018). "Top 30 Digital Country Singles: July 3, 2018". Roughstock. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://tasteofcountry.com/carrie-underwood-cry-pretty-video-premiere-american-idol/
Jump up ^ Maslow, Nick (May 6, 2018). "Carrie Underwood's Tears Flow in First Music Video After Receiving Over 40 Stitches in Her Face". People. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pasquini, Maria (April 9, 2018). "Carrie Underwood Will Debut New Single at the ACMs, Returning to the Stage for First Time Since Accident". People. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Stuns With Emotional 'Cry Pretty' ACM Awards Performance". Billboard. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2018 ACM Awards: All the Performances Ranked". Billboard. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hermanson, Wendy (May 13, 2018). "Carrie Underwood Delivers Another Perfect 'Cry Pretty' for 'Idol'". Tasre of Country. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Brickey, Kelly (May 15, 2018). "Carrie Underwood Commemorates Her 10 Year Opry Anniversary". Sounds Like Nashville. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Betts, Stephen L. (May 29, 2018). "Carrie Underwood, Backstreet Boys Added to 2018 CMT Music Awards". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Chart History (Canada Country)". Billboard. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Chart History (Country Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Carrie Underwood Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.nickiswift.com/126912/2018-teen-choice-award-nominations-announced-2/
hide
v
t
e
Carrie Underwood songs
Discography
Awards and nominations
Songs
Some Hearts
"Jesus, Take the Wheel"
"Some Hearts"
"Don't Forget to Remember Me"
"Before He Cheats"
"Wasted"
Carnival Ride
"So Small"
"All-American Girl"
"Last Name"
"Just a Dream"
"I Told You So"
Play On
"Cowboy Casanova"
"Temporary Home"
"Undo It"
"Mama's Song"
Blown Away
"Good Girl"
"Blown Away"
"Two Black Cadillacs"
"See You Again"
Greatest Hits: Decade #1
"Something in the Water"
"Little Toy Guns"
Storyteller
"Smoke Break"
"Heartbeat"
"Church Bells"
"Dirty Laundry"
Cry Pretty
"Cry Pretty"
Featured singles
"Just Stand Up!" (with Artists Stand Up To Cancer)
"Remind Me" (with Brad Paisley)
"Can't Stop Lovin' You" (with Aerosmith)
"Somethin' Bad" (with Miranda Lambert)
"The Fighter" (with Keith Urban)
Other singles
"Inside Your Heaven"
Promotional singles
"I'll Stand by You"
"Praying for Time"
"Home Sweet Home"
"There's a Place for Us"
"Chaser"
"The Champion" (with Ludacris)
Other songs
"Eighteen Inches"
"Ever Ever After"
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cry_Pretty&oldid=850330953"
Categories:
2018 songs
2018 singles
Carrie Underwood songs
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Songs written by Hillary Lindsey
Songs written by Lori McKenna
Songs written by Liz Rose
Songs written by Carrie Underwood
Country ballads
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Articles with hAudio microformats
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text:
List of nominated members of Rajya Sabha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Member of Parliament (India).
As per the Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) of the Constitution of India, 12 members are nominated by President for term of six years for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services.
Current Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha[edit]
This is a Current list of Members of the Rajya Sabha who have been nominated by the President.
No.
Name[1]
Field
Affiliation [2]
Date of
Appointment[3]
Date of
Retirement[3]
1
Roopa Ganguly Art Bharatiya Janata Party 04-Oct-2016 03-Oct-2022
2
Sambhaji Raje Social work Bharatiya Janata Party 07-Jun-2016 03-May-2022
3
Suresh Gopi Art Bharatiya Janata Party 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
4
Subramanian Swamy Economics Bharatiya Janata Party 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
5
Narendra Jadhav Economics Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
6
Mary Kom Sport Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
7
Swapan Dasgupta Journalism Nominated 25-Apr-2016 24-Apr-2022
8
K. T. S. Tulsi Law Nominated 25-Feb-2014 24-Feb-2020
9
K. Parasaran Law Nominated 09-Jun-2012 28-Jun-2018
10
Rekha Art Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
11
Sachin Tendulkar Sport Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
12
Anu Aga Business Nominated 27-Apr-2012 26-Apr-2018
Complete List of Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha[edit]
This is a Complete list of Members of the Rajya Sabha who have been nominated by the President.
Sr. No.
Image
Name
Tenure
1 – Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer 1952–1953
2 Satyendranath Bose 1952–1960
3 Prithviraj Kapoor 1952–1960
4 – Jagadisan Mohandas Kumarappa 1952–1954
5 – Kalidas Nag 1952–1954
6 Rukmini Devi Arundale 1952–1962
7 – N.R. Malkani 1952–1962
8 – Sahib Singh Sokhey 1952–1956
9 – Zakir Hussain 1952–1962
10 – Maithili Sharan Gupt 1952–1964
11 – Kakasaheb Kalelkar 1952–1964
12 – Radha Kumud Mukherjee 1952–1958
13 P.V. Kane 1953–1964
14 – Moturi Satyanarayana 1954–1966
15 – Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia 1954–1966
16 – Bhargavram Vitthal Warerkar 1956–1968
17 – Tara Chand 1956–1968
18 – Ajudhia Nath Khosla 1958–1964
19 – K.M. Panikkar 1959–1966
20 – Jairamdas Daulatram 1959–1976
21 – Mohanlal Saksena 1959–1964
22 – Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay 1960–1966
23 – V.T. Krishnamachari 1961–1967
24 – R.R. Diwakar 1962–1968
25 – Gopal Singh 1962–1968
26 – M. Ajmal Khan 1964–1972
27 – Satyavrata Siddhantalankar 1964–1968
28 Shakuntala Paranjpye 1964–1970
29 – Badri Nath Prasad 1964–1970
30 – G. Ramachandran 1964–1970
31 – M. N. Kaul 1964–1972
32 – Harivanshrai Bachchan 1966–1972
33 – Dhananjay Ramchandra Gadgil 1966–1972
34 – M.C. Setalvad 1966–1972
35 G. Sankara Kurup 1968–1972
36 Joachim Alva 1968–1974
37 S. Nurul Hasan 1968–1974
38 – K. Ramiah 1968–1974
39 – Ganga Sharan Sinha 1968–1974
40 – Maragatham Chandrasekhar 1970–1988
41 – Umashankar Joshi 1970–1976
42 – Rasheeduddin Khan 1970–1982
43 – Vidya Prakash Dutt 1971–1980
44 – Abu Abraham 1972–1978
45 – Pramathanath Bishi 1972–1978
46 – C. K. Daphtary 1972–1978
47 – Habib Tanvir 1972–1978
48 – Krishna Kriplani 1974–1980
49 Lokesh Chandra 1974–1986
50 – Scato Swu 1974–1986
51 – B.N. Banerjee 1976–1982
52 – Malcolm Adiseshiah 1978–1984
53 – Fathema Ismail 1978–1984
54 – Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav 1978–1984
55 – Bhagwati Charan Varma 1978–1984
56 Nargis Dutt 1980–1986
57 Khushwant Singh 1980–1986
58 – Asima Chatterjee 1982–1990
59 Sivaji Ganesan 1982–1986
60 – Hayatullah Ansari 1982–1988
61 – Madan Bhatia 1982–1994
62 – V.N. Tiwari 1982–1984
63 – Ghulam Rasool Kar 1984–1987
64 – Tindivanam K. Ramamurthy 1984–1990
65 – H.L. Kapur 1985–1988
66 Salim Ali 1985–1988
67 – Purushottam Kakodkar 1985–1991
68 Ela Bhatt 1986–1988
69 – Amrita Pritam 1986–1992
70 M.F. Husain 1986–1992
71 R.K. Narayan 1986–1992
72 Ravi Shankar 1986–1992
73 – Syeda Anwara Taimur 1988–1990
74 – Sat Paul Mittal 1988–1994
75 – Bishambhar Nath Pande 1988–1994
76 – Mohammad Yunus 1989–1995
77 Prakash Ambedkar 1990–1996
78 Jagmohan 1990–1996
79 – Bhupinder Singh Mann 1990–1996
80 – Russi Karanjia 1991–1997
81 – Mahendra Prasad 1993–1994
82 – M. Aram 1993–1999
83 Vyjayantimala Bali 1993–1999
84 – B.B. Dutta 1993–1999
85 – Maulana Habibur Rahman Nomani 1993–1999
86 Nirmala Deshpande 1997 – 1999 and 2004 – 2010
87 Shabana Azmi 1997–2003
88 – P. Selvie Das 1997–2003
89 – Kartar Singh Duggal 1997–2003
90 Kuldip Nayyar 1997–2003
91 – Raja Ramanna 1997–2003
92 C. Narayana Reddy 1997–2003
93 Mrinal Sen 1997–2003
94 – Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav 1997–2003
95 – Nanaji Deshmukh 1999–2005
96 Lata Mangeshkar 1999–2005
97 – Fali Nariman 1999–2005
98 – Cho Ramaswamy 1999–2005
99 Hema Malini 2003–2009
100 – Bimal Jalan 2003–2009
101 K. Kasturirangan 2003–2009
102 – Narayan Singh Manaklao 2003–2009
103 – Vidya Niwas Misra 2003–2009
104 – Chandan Mitra 2003–2009
105 Dara Singh 2003–2009
106 Kapila Vatsyayan 2006–2012
107 Ram Jethmalani 2006–2009
108 – Shobhana Bhartia 2006–2012
109 Shyam Benegal 2006–2012
110 M.S. Swaminathan 2007–2013
111 – C. Rangarajan 2008–2010
112 – H. K. Dua 2009–2015
113 – Ashok Sekhar Ganguly 2009–2015
114 – Mani Shankar Aiyar 2010–2016
115 Javed Akhtar 2010–2016
116 B. Jayashree 2010–2016
117 Ram Dayal Munda 2010–2011
118 – Bhalchandra Mungekar 2010–2016
119 – Mrinal Miri 2012–2016
120 – Anu Aga 2012–2018
121 – K. Parasaran 2012–2018
122 Rekha 2012–2018
123 Sachin Tendulkar 2012–2018
124 – K. T. S. Tulsi 2014-2020
125 Subramanian Swamy 2016-2022
126 M C Mary Kom 2016-2022
127 Narendra Jadhav 2016-2022
129 Suresh Gopi 2016-2022
130 – Swapan Dasgupta 2016-2022
131 – Sambhaji Raje 2016-2022
132 – Roopa Ganguly 2016-2022
References[edit]
Nominated Members since 1952 Narender Kumar
Current list of Nominated Members
Specific
Jump up ^ "Statewise List". 164.100.47.5. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Jump up ^ http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/partymemberlist.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b "Statewise Retirement". 164.100.47.5. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_nominated_members_of_Rajya_Sabha&oldid=814878472"
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Brevard Public Schools
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Brevard Public Schools
Address
2700 Judge Fran Jamieson Way
Viera, Florida 32940-6601
Information
Superintendent
Dr. Desmond K. Blackburn
Enrollment
74,000[1] (September 7, 2015)
Language
English
Area
Brevard County, Florida
Website
http://www.brevardschools.org/
Brevard Public Schools is a school district serving Brevard County, Florida, and based in Viera, Florida. Coordinates: 28°14′53.60″N 80°44′9.64″W / 28.2482222°N 80.7360111°W / 28.2482222; -80.7360111
In 2015, the district had about 74,000 students.[2] 24% attend a school other than the one to which they are assigned.[3] In 2009, the School Board was Brevard's largest local government employer with 9,500 workers of whom 5,000 are teachers.[4] The superintendent of schools is Dr. Desmond K. Blackburn.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 School Board
2 History
3 Administration
3.1 Budget
3.2 Class ranking and GPA
3.3 Transportation
3.4 Dress code
4 Recognition
4.1 Athletics
5 Programs
6 Controversy
7 Criticism
8 Schools
8.1 Elementary Schools
8.2 Middle Schools
8.3 High Schools
8.4 Charter Schools
8.5 Adult Education
8.6 Alternative Learning Centers
9 Superintendents
10 See also
11 Footnotes
12 External links
School Board[edit]
Board members run as non-partisan.
District 1 - Misty Haggard-Belford
District 2 - John Craig (Chairperson)
District 3 - Tina Descovich (Vice Chairperson)
District 4 - Matthew Susin
District 5 - Andy Ziegler
The budget for 2008-9 was about $1 billion. Roughly half is operating; about half is capital outlay.[6] Board members were paid $35,000 annually in 2011.[7]
In 2010, there were 7,000 students whose parents were employed by the federal government which pays no local real estate taxes. The budget is fairly dependent on real estate taxes. As a result, the federal government contributes money through the Federal Impact Aid program by way of compensation. However, in 2010, the amount had dropped from an expected $43 million to $5 million due to cuts in the federal budget.[8]
In 2011, $232 million was budgeted for teachers salaries.[9]
History[edit]
The 1892-93 school year there were twenty-seven {27] Schools in Mosquito County, the "first" county in the state. It was the fore-runner for Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie, Okeechobee, Osceola and Lake Counties. The twenty-one {21} schools were: LaGrange, Titusville, Titusville {Colored}, City Point, Shiverville, Rockledge, Eau Gallie, Sanders {Merritt Island}, Says {Merritt Island}, Martin {Merritt Island}, Melbourne, Ten Mile Creek {St. Lucie}, Lake view {Osceola}, Prairie View {Osceola}, Willis {Osceola}, Crab Grass {Osceola}, Bassiville {Lake}, Taylor {Okeechobee}, Bassinger {Okeechobee}, Ft. Drum {Okeechobee}, Drum Creek {Okeechobe}.
Each school was a "one room" school house with one teacher. Part of the teachers pay was based on daily attendance. Teachers pay was $1.00 a month.
Clifton Colored School was built around 1890 in north Merritt Island where students were taught trades such as carpentry, concert and masonry and agriculture. It was the second Colored School in the County. It later became Monroe High. blacks in the county.[10]
Disparities existed between black and white schools including teacher salaries. The first attempt in Florida to change this system occurred in 1938 when the NAACP brought suit in Brevard.[11]
In 1964, the school board initiated a "freedom of choice" allowing blacks to voluntarily attend white schools. Resulting integration was insufficient.[12]
In 1966, there were three black high schools including Gibson High, Titusville, Monroe High in Cocoa,[13] and Stone High, Melbourne. These were all closed with integration in 1968.[14]
In 1966, Brevard was brought under federal jurisdiction for the purpose of desegregation. It was released from federal control in 1978 when this was achieved.[15]
About 1967, the school district was split into three administrative units, North, Middle and South, each with its own Assistant Superintendent.[16]
There were race riots in Rockledge and Melbourne high schools during the period of integration from 1969-1972.[17]
In 2002, the district elected its first black member to the school board.[12]
In 2007, the School Board voted to borrow nearly 3/4 of a billion dollars for maintenance and future expansion. By a majority of one, the Board believed that it could do this without raising taxes because of the increasing tax base.
In 2007, the Florida Department of Education announced that Brevard's graduation rate was the highest in the state at 92.1%. However, there is a major discrepancy between the way the state measures student graduation (tracks each student) and the way the federal government does (quantity entering, quantity graduating). So the figure by national standards is much lower.[18] Using federal guidelines, the graduation rate for the class of 2005, was 69.3%, the highest in the state, but below the national average of 70.6%.[19] The school district was first or second in the state for graduation rates from 2001 through 2009.[20]
The budget for 2007-8 was about $1.2 billion.[21] This was the highest in its history.
In 2005, there were 75,235 students. The count reached an all-time high of 76,062 in the 2006-7 school year.[22] The count was 72,519 in 2009.[3]
In 2010, with the end of the shuttle program and the subsequent loss of jobs in the area, officials have been concerned that a quarter of the schools would fall below 70% enrollment capacity.[23]
In 2011, six public schools were ranked by the state in the top ten schools in the state, out of 2,800 There was one list each for primary and secondary schools.[24]
In 2013, the school board voted to close three schools, Clearlake middle school, Gardendale Elementary Magnet School, and South Lake elementary school prompting a large public outcry. The school board proposed the closings and limited public input by holding required public meetings during the 2012 holiday season. The Board did not hold any of the required meetings with the capital oulay committee as required by an interlocal agreement with several municipalities. The Brevard Board of County Commissioners, City of Cocoa, and City of Titusville ccondemend the decision in official letters sent to Superintedent Brian Bingelli and the board. The Board of County Commissioners voted to file a lawsuit against the school board 3-2, however a minimum of 4 votes were required to initiate the lawsuit per county ordinance. In March 2013, a group of parents and community leaders initiated a lawsuit against the board, claiming a racial bias in the decision to close the three schools. The Board of County Commissioners publicly supported the lawsuit and started a dispute resolution process as well on their own behalf. A political action committee (PAC) was formed to oppose the current school board members in future elections and vowed to effect a change in leadership.[25][26] [27][28]
In 2014, Moody's Investors Service and Fitch gave the county good marks on its management affecting predictability of cash flow. Moody's commented that the board's leaders gave consistently made accurate and conservative cash flow assumptions. Fitch praised the board's sound operations. An editorial in the local paper demurred, saying that the board should not have cut taxes earlier. It believed the tax cut led directly to requesting from the voters a raise in the sales tax in the county one-half of a percent.[29]
In 2015, the school board selected its first black superintendent.[12]
School must be held for a state- established minimum number of days. It was closed three days for Hurricane Matthew in 2016. It did not have to make these days up because of teacher instruction days built into the calendar. School was closed 7 days for Hurricane Irma in 2017. It will not have to make those up by longer attendance in the spring, for the same reason.[30]
Administration[edit]
Twenty-seven {27} different individuals served in the position of Superintendent from 1874-2018. Mr. William Sharpe was the first. The three {3} longest serving Superintendents were Mr. John Sams twenty-seven {27} years {1982-1909}; Damon Hutzler {1937-1952} and Woodrow Darden {1952-1966} each serving consecutive fourteen {14} years. There has only been one {1} Afro-American to serve as Superintendent Dr. Desmond Blackburn {2015-present}.There has never been a female to serve in the position.
The Superintendents Office was located in the County Seat Titusville. It is now located in Viera.
!--probably s/b merged with Programs---> The district contains 72,519 public school students in 82 schools.[31][32]
Students must pass a standardized test, the FCAT, to graduate from high school. To avoid surprises, children are tested several times before they reach 12th grade.
To comply with state testing rules, the 2011-12 school year will start August 10. The semester will end December 21. The second semester will start January 9 and conclude May 25.[33]
The district is split for administrative reasons into four "areas" which tend to have east and west lines in the narrow county which extends 72 miles (116 km) north and south. The areas are numbered I-IV, each having its own Assistant Superintendent.[34]
To get hands-on learning experience about science, the local environment and math, all fourth-graders are given a one-day field trip to the Indian River Lagoon, one of the most diverse estuaries in North America.[citation needed]
The county is the first and only county in the state to have its school health program operated by a county health department and paid for by the school district.[31] It has won several national awards.[31] On an average day, 2,400 students receive nursing care including 1,260 doses of medicine.[31] Nurses typically work seven-hour shifts, 70 hours bi-weekly.[31] There are 107 health care professionals employed.[31] Services are available to all students, public or private.
Einstein Montessori, a private school in Brevard County, was previously a charter school.[citation needed] Explorer Elementary and Middle Charter,Osprey Elementary,and Sawgrass Middle were closed by the School Board.[citation needed]
Budget[edit]
The last time the public approved a school building bond was in 1963. To circumvent the need for public approval for borrowing, both the county and the school district have used certificates of participation. In 2005, the board decided to build seven new schools to accommodate the 800 to 1,300 new students moving into the area annually, and renovate each of the districts schools. This would also help meet the requirement that was imposed when Florida voters approved a constitutional amendment limiting class size, starting in 2010, but phased in before then by the Florida legislature.[35]
The school district borrowed a total of $643 million, mostly between 2004 and 2008. Annual payments on the debt in 2012 were $38.4 million. At the same time the housing bubble burst. Property values, on which school taxes were based, dropped from $41 billion in 2008 to $27 billion in 2011.[35]
At the same time, the cost of construction materials rose. Estimates to renovate Titusville High School, for example, went from $22 million to $43 million.[35]
After the collapse of property values, the district sought to save money by deferring maintenance. For example, instead of replacing each of its 409 buses every 12 years, it went to a 55-year replacement cycle.[35]
After the voters rejected a 1/2 cent increase in local sales tax to benefit schools, the district decided to close four schools. It also decided to pay fines and exceed class size limitations when necessary to balance the budget.[35]
In 2013, the schools retained their financial rating of AA- and Aa3 by Fitch Group and Moody's.[36]
In 2011, the average teacher earned $44,442 annually, not including benefits. A starting teacher earns $36,000. Top salary was $56,350 after 21 years.[37]
In 2011, there was a pool of 1,900 substitute teachers. Using substitutes when required, cost $4.2 million in 2009-10.[38]
In 2012, an average principal received $93,000 in salary and benefits annually; a school secretary, $40,000; cafeteria manager, $33,000. The average stipend for middle-school department heads averaged $9,176. The average school office phone bill was $9,317. Estimates of savings for closing four elementary and middle schools to save money was $3.8 million.[39]
Class ranking and GPA[edit]
Brevard County's system for high school class rankings is based around "state-weighted GPA."[40] This system as practiced by Brevard County Schools actually does not refer to any specific state standard, leading to controversy over how rankings are determined. It has been suggested that the policy of awarding weight to Advanced Placement (AP) and Dual Enrollment programs actually handicaps the students taking the more challenging AP courses, especially in the district's two block-scheduled high schools, since in a block-scheduled program students receive AP credit and weight for only half to three-quarters of the course. The weights are equal in name and course code, in accordance with Florida State Statute.[citation needed]
Transportation[edit]
In 2014, 350 school buses drove 25,000 students to and from school each day. There were 7.700 places where the buses stop. The buses collectively drove 7,000,000 miles (11,000,000 km) annually.[41]
Dress code[edit]
The school board dress code requires lower garments, including pants and skirts, be worn at the waist and prohibits undergarments from being visible. Shorts must "cover the buttocks." All lower garments must fit the student. Depending on the school, students that violate the code can be denied entry to class, be referred to the Dean for discipline and suspended from school.[42]
In 2008, the district won a case, Danielle Bar-Navon v. School Bd. of Brevard County, which questioned the schools legal right to limit body piercings as a First Amendment expression.The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit confirmed the District Court's decision.[43]
Recognition[edit]
Brevard has been in the top ten school districts in the state in each of the 22 areas of assessment on the standard statewide exams given students each year.
1999: The high school graduation rate had risen to 92% from 64%.
2005: The superintendent of schools was selected as best in state by his peers. The students had higher SAT scores than any other Florida School District. The District has a higher percentage (9%) of National Board Certified Teachers than any of the other largest ten districts in the state. In 2010, the system stood 11th in the nation for total number of NBCT teachers, 672.[44]
In 2004-5 third graders tested in the top ten school districts in the state (out of 67). In 2004-5, the School District placed third in the state for overall academic performance. It also placed third in the state for number of National Board Certified teachers. Brevard was first in Florida in the number of A-rated schools in the 10 largest districts, and second overall. Brevard led the state in science in fifth and eleventh grade assessments and was second in the eighth grade. The four-year graduation rate was the second highest in Florida. 2000 students were held back in 2004-5, the majority in 3rd, 9th and 10th grades. This is 38% fewer than the prior year. A program targets weak students. The School Bus Fleet trade publication named the Brevard County School Bus System among the top ten in North America. AARP ranked the school district No. 8 on the list of Best Employers for Workers Over 50. It was the only public-school system and the highest-ranked Florida employer on the national list
2006: The Superintendent of Brevard Public Schools was named the Music Administrator of the Year by the Florida Music Educators' Association.[45] Fifteen schools were selected as Music Demonstrations Schools. State officials encourage other districts to send their staff to these schools for insight into establishing or improving solid music programs. The District had 5 of the top 10 Elementary Schools in the state, according to the Florida Department of Education. Tenth graders led the state in the writing exam.
2007: The school district was recognized as a Governor's Sterling Award Winner.[46] A team consisting of Brevard high school students stood second in the robotics world championship.[47] The state has ranked 15 of the elementary schools as tops in the state including a Title I South Lake, a former D-ranked school! Brevard leads the state in the number of high school students dual enrolled in secondary and college courses. The district had the tenth most nationally certified teachers of all school districts in the country - 566. It ranked third in the country for the percentage of teachers so certified - 11.%.[48] However, a state study was unable to detect any correlation between teacher certification and student performance.[49]
In 2008, the state recognized Brevard as having the best graduation rate.[50]
In 2009, county public schools won 30% of the available soccer state championships.[51]
As of 2009, the state has designated 25 schools in the state as "Music Demonstration Schools." Thus far, 22 of these were Brevard public schools.[52]
In 2010, 3/4 of all students at Saturn Elementary were receiving subsidized meals, considered the most dependable predictor of low performance. It had experienced a 45% mobility rate; this means that almost half its students move away or show up during the year. The school scored in the top 15% of all schools in Florida for proficiency in math, science and reading. Students in first through sixth grade are in the computer laboratory daily.[37]
In 2011, the Center for American Progress evaluated Brevard as one of the top three large school districts in the state for "return on investment."[53]
Athletics[edit]
Up to the end of 2011, boy's public school basketball teams had won four state championships. One in 2004 by Cocoa Beach High School, two by Cocoa High School in 1960 and 2009, and Cocoa Monroe High School in 1965.[citation needed] They have won 13 state football championships, 11 soccer championships, and 16 cross-country. Girls teams have won six basketball championships.[54]
Programs[edit]
In 2012, Brevard had five "choice" schools: Freedom 7 Elementary School, Robert Louis Stevenson Elementary School, West Melbourne Elementary School, Edgewood Jr./Sr. High School, and West Shore Jr./Sr. High School.[55] Students gain entry to these schools based on a lottery system and are required to be on grade level to apply. For the 2018-2019 school year, an additional choice school, South Lake Elementary in Titusville, is being added.
Besides choice and "magnet" schools,[56] Brevard also has nine charter elementary schools and one planned charter secondary school.
Another, in Cocoa Beach offers an International Baccalaureate Diploma program. This is a rigorous pre-university course of study, leading to internationally standardized examinations. The program is designed as a comprehensive two-year curriculum that allows its graduates to fulfill requirements of many different nations' education systems. As with the AP and dual enrollment programs, students completing IB courses and exams were eligible for postsecondary education credit. In 2005 and 2006, Newsweek ranked Cocoa Beach High School among the top 100 US high schools (out of 21,000) in part due to its International Baccalaureate program.
Brevard has a magnet high school program, the Academy of Business and Finance, in Melbourne.
Brevard has started an Engineering magnet program known as Bayside Engineering and Technology Academy (BETA) Bayside High School includes the ENCORE Performing and Technical Arts Academy, focusing on the performing arts and the technical side of artistic endeavors.
14 low-performing elementary schools were required to allow their students to select $1000+ of free tutoring from a vendor. Parents were exposed to these vendors at an education fair to help choose which one.
Schools start in early August, the 8th in 2005. This is to ensure that the semester is over by the December holidays.
The Brevard County School system attempted to serve nutritional food to children in 2005 that would address the rising obesity issue while still maintaining appeal. In 2009, 5 million lunches were served.[57]
Through a program called Make It Take It, disadvantaged students at two Brevard Public Schools learned how to build computers that they'll get to take home.[58]
The JROTC program in 12 high school enrolled 1,479 students in 2008.[59]
In 2009, the district had nine high school robotic teams our of 16 potential high schools. First stated that the district had more student participation and teams than almost any other district in the country.[60]
in 2009, 3,168 students took 5,601 Advanced Placement exams. 58.4% scored 3 or better.[61]
Controversy[edit]
Main article: Palm Bay High School § Controversy
After one 2004 outdoor graduation was drenched, the school board moved ceremonies in 2005 to Calvary Chapel, at half the cost of the outdoor facility. An atheist and Buddhist parent took them to federal court, where the judge allowed the locale, but ordered them to change in 2006.[62]
Criticism[edit]
In 2012, about 33% of suspensions in Brevard Public Schools were given to black students, who constitute 15% of the student population. The Northern Brevard chapter of the NAACP filed a complaint with the US Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights. A spokesperson for the school system responded that this type of apparent inequity is not unique to Brevard. Nationally, one in every six black students is suspended compared to one in 20 white students.[63]
The complaint stated that six principals were black, out of 86 schools; and that black teachers were infrequently hired.[63]
Schools[edit]
In 2009, there were 86 public schools in the county.[64]
Prior to 2010, all schools were guaranteed sports budgets of $70,000 for high schools, $50,000 for middle schools, $75,000 for junion/senior high combination, and $45,000 for choice high schools. The school district made up the money that the school didn't raise. Budget cuts have prevented assistance of any sort since.[65]
Elementary Schools[edit]
In 2007, third graders stood first in statewide reading and math tests out of the ten largest school districts. Overall, they stood 11 out of 67 school districts.[66]
Allen, Roy Elementary
Andersen, Hans Christian Elementary
Apollo Elementary
Atlantis Elementary
Audubon Elementary
Cambridge Elementary
Cape View Elementary
Carroll, Lewis Elementary
Challenger 7 Elementary
Columbia Elementary
Coquina Elementary
Creel, Dr. W. J. Elementary
Croton Elementary
Discovery Elementary
Endeavour Elementary
Enterprise Elementary
Fairglen Elementary
Freedom 7 Elementary. Ranked third in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
Gardendale Elementary
Gemini Elementary
Golfview Elementary
Harbor City Elementary
Holland, Spessard L. Elementary
Imperial Estates Elementary
Indialantic Elementary. Ranked ninth in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
Jupiter Elementary
Lockmar Elementary
Longleaf Elementary
Manatee Elementary
McAuliffe, Christa Elementary
Meadowlane Primary
Meadowlane Intermediate
Mila Elementary
Mims Elementary
Oak Park Elementary
Ocean Breeze Elementary
Palm Bay Elementary
Pinewood Elementary
Port Malabar Elementary
Quest Elementary
Riverview Elementary
Riviera Elementary
Roosevelt, Theodore Elementary
Sabal Elementary
Saturn Elementary
Sea Park Elementary
Sherwood Elementary
South Lake Elementary
Stevenson, Robert Lewis Elementary. In 2011, all fourth grade students achieved at least a 4 out of 6 on the FCAT statewide writing assessment test, the only school in Brevard to do so and only one of eleven in the state.[67]
Sunrise Elementary
Suntree Elementary
Surfside Elementary
Tropical Elementary
Turner, John F., SR. Elementary
University Park Elementary
West Melbourne School for Science. Ranked number one in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
Westside Elementary
Williams, Ralph M., JR. Elementary
Middle Schools[edit]
In 2009, it was estimated that middle schools sports and intramural programs cost the county $236,000. This was the cost of coaches stipends.[68]
The following is a listing of public middle schools in the county:
Central Middle
Clearlake Middle
Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr. High. Ranked seventh in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
DeLaura Middle
Edgewood Jr./Sr. High. Ranked third in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
Hoover, Herbert C. Middle
Jackson, Andrew Middle
Jefferson, Thomas Middle
Johnson, L.B. Middle
Kennedy, John F. Middle
Madison, James Middle
McNair, Ronald Middle
Southwest Middle
Space Coast Jr./Sr. High
Stone Middle
West Shore Jr./Sr. High. Ranked second in the state, by the state in 2011.[24]
High Schools[edit]
Ninth grade sports were estimated to cost $373,000 in 2009. Junior Varsity sports cost $167,000. These figures represent coaches stipends.[68] The schools claim to have preeminent sports teams, particularly in football.[69]
The following is a list of all public high schools in the county:
Astronaut High
Bayside High School
Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr. High
Cocoa High
Eau Gallie High
Edgewood Jr./Sr. High
Heritage High
Melbourne High
Merritt Island High School
Palm Bay High - Has Academy of Law and Justice, enrolling 300 students.[70]
Rockledge High
Satellite High
Space Coast Jr./Sr. High
Titusville High
Viera High School
West Shore Jr./Sr. High
High schools compete athletically as part of the Cape Coast Conference.[71]
Renaming streets after bordering high school's mascots is traditional in Brevard County.
Charter Schools[edit]
The following are charter schools and academies in the county:[72]
Campus Charter School
Emma Jewel Charter Academy
Educational Horizons Charter School
Imagine Schools at West Melbourne
Oakwood Academy Charter (Merged with Royal Palm Charter)
Odyssey Charter School
Odyssey Preparatory Academy
Palm Bay Academy Charter
Pineapple Cove Classical Academy
Royal Palm Charter
Sculptor Charter School
Viera Charter School
Adult Education[edit]
Central Area Adult at Clearlake Education Center
North Area Adult at South Lake Education Center
Palm Bay High Adult/Community Ed
South Area Adult Education
Alternative Learning Centers[edit]
Central Area Alternative Learning Center
North Area Alternative Learning Center
South Area Alternative Learning Center
Superintendents[edit]
John Sams c. 1888, Brevard's first Superintendent of Schools.[73]
B. Frank Brown 1967?-1969?[16][74]
Wayne White 1969-1972
Lloyd Soughers 1985?-1988[75]
Abe Collinsworth 1988-1993[76][77]
David Sawyer 1993-1999?[78]
Richard DiPatri c. 2000-2009.He was the longest serving appointed superintendent in Florida history.[79]
Brian Binggeli 2009-2015
Desmond Blackburn 2015-
See also[edit]
Education in Brevard County, Florida
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/local/2015/12/18/new-ideas-for-brevard-public-schools-desmond-blackburn-space-coast-florida/77571276/Florida Today, December 20, 2015, "New ideas roll out as chief settles in
Jump up ^ "New ideas roll out as Superintendent Blackburn settles in". Florida Today. 18 December 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Downs, Megan (13 December 2009). "Exemptions blur redistricting lines". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, John (17 January 2010). "Public sector faces challenges". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3E.
Jump up ^ "New Brevard superintendent focused on education, district morale". mynews13.com.
Jump up ^ "Superintendent's recommendations". SPECIAL MEETING, THE SCHOOL BOARD OF BREVARD COUNTY; PUBLIC HEARING; 2007-08 TENTATIVE BUDGET AND MILLAGE RATE;August 2, 2007. Brevard County School Board. 2007-08-02. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
Jump up ^ Schweers, Jeff (February 5, 2011). "Schools getting shortchanged". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 4A.
Jump up ^ Reed, Matt (November 14, 2011). "Why we could give teachers a raise, but won't". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 18A.
Jump up ^ Basu, Rebecca (1 February 2011). Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Reading, Writing and Racism: The Fight to Desegregate the Duval County Public School System". jstor.org.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gallop, J.D. (March 21, 2016). "Tension, progress in race relations". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 5D. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ reportedly closed in 1968
Jump up ^ Karasotis, Peter (27 February 2011). "BLACK or WHITE". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1C.
Jump up ^ Florida Desegregation Report
^ Jump up to: a b "Max & Me: The Abuse of Power in Florida Community Colleges". ancestry.com.
Jump up ^ Florida Today obit on former superintendent accessed December 6, 2007[dead link]
Jump up ^ Associated Press (December 1, 2007). State graduation rates improve. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (March 15, 2009). Keeping kids on road to diploma. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Spitzer, Michelle (20 November 2010). "Brevard grad rate 2nd best in state". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (February 26, 2008). District facing $6.1M deficit. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Summers, Keyonna (16 October 2010). "Student count falls 5th year in a row". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ "Editorial: Eyeing empty desks". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 24 October 2010. pp. 18A.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ryan, Mackenzie (January 31, 2012). "Six Brevard schools score big with state". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ "Brevard County school board votes to close 3 schools". WKMG. 13 February 2013.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Brevard County Commission Votes To Sue School Board". spacecoastdaily.com.
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Reed, Matt (March 16, 2014). "Tax cut was schools' real 'sin of past'". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 22A. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Glenn, Caroline (September 26, 2017). "Students won't have to make up Hurricane Irma days". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 3A. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "School Nurses". Merritt Island, Florida: Space Coast Medicine and Healthy Living. March–April 2009. pp. 21–33.
Jump up ^ Glenn, Caroline (September 25, 2017). "Irma's toll on schools on par with Matthew". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 3A. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spitzer, Michelle (9 March 2011). "School year likely will start, end later". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (13 December 2009). "Exemptions are likely to remain". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3A.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ryan, Mackenzie (January 22, 2013). "Day of Reckoning". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A, 10A.
Jump up ^ Ryan, MacKenzie (April 2, 2013). "Brevard Schools keeps credit rating amid financial strains". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
^ Jump up to: a b Reed, Matt (27 February 2011). "Brevard leads education push". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Mackenzie (April 3, 2011). "How qualified are Space Coast subs?". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ Reed, Matt (December 16, 2012). "Squeeze administration? You got it". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 18A.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-12-30. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Mackenzie (October 19, 2014). "Bus-stop viplations alarm school officials". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 3A.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Kate (March 21, 2008). Brevard code. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ "Danielle Bar-Navon v. School Bd. of Brevard County, No. 07-15639 (11th Cir. 2008)". Justia Law.
Jump up ^ Spitzer, Michelle (16 December 2010). "5 Brevard teachers get national certification". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.floridasterling.com Governor's Sterling Award Winners
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (April 19, 2007). Students place 2nd in robotics. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (December 11, 2007). Brevard ranks high in certified teachers. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (December 16, 2007). Lawmakers question bonuses. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ [3] retrieved November 20, 2008[dead link]
Jump up ^ Cherry, Mike (25 December 2009). "Prep soccer". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3C. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Three schools get music honor". Florida Today. Florida Today. 2009-12-23. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ The others were Broward and Palm Beach school districts
Jump up ^ McCallum, Brian (February 12, 2012). "Shot in the dark:Deep into postseason has been mostly an air ball for Brevard County teams". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1C.
Jump up ^ [4][permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Magnet Schools of Brevard". brevard.k12.fl.us.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (28 March 2010). "Schools serving up a healthier fare". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ DDN Articles - Bridging the Gap: Brevard Public Schools plan for Digital Inclusion Archived July 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [5] retrieved March 6, 2009 Archived March 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (1 January 2010). "Brevard a leader in robot teams". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 37–39.
Jump up ^ Gillum, Jack (4 February 2010). "Nearly 60% pass test in Brevard". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3A.
Jump up ^ Graduations At Brevard Church To Go On - Education News Story - WKMG Orlando Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Doe, John (April 28, 2013). "News". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ Spitzer, Michelle (25 November 2009). "New superintendent watches and learns". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ Summers, Keyonna (16 January 2011). "Schools consider athletic sponsors". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Kate & Downs, Megan (May 3, 2007). 3rd graders in top ten. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Mackenzie (May 5, 2011). "Fourth-graders golden on tests". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A.
^ Jump up to: a b McCallum, Brian (March 19, 2009). Pay-to-play is on the table. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Florida Today retrieved 16 September 2010
Jump up ^ Sonnenberg, Maria (April 18, 2007). Academy shows kids the way to investigate. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ Cherry, Mike (May 3, 2007). Scorps earn CCC Trophy - again. Florida Today.
Jump up ^ "Message missing (possible session timeout)". Edline.
Jump up ^ Sonnenberg, Maria (February 2, 2013). "Piece of pioneer pride". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 3D.
Jump up ^ Kennerly, Britt (December 4, 2012). "Mel Hi Class of /53 to share memories". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
Jump up ^ "Soughers' Firing Was Right Move At Right Time". tribunedigital-orlandosentinel.
Jump up ^ Father of Cris Collinsworth, professional football player
Jump up ^ "Abraham Collinsworth Obituary - Gotha, FL - FloridaToday". FloridaToday.
Jump up ^ "There's A Lesson To Be Learned Here". tribunedigital-orlandosentinel.
Jump up ^ Downs, Megan (2 February 2010). "In new school job, DiPatri goes virtual". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012.
External links[edit]
Brevard Public Schools Homepage
Brevard Community College
History of North Brevard Schools
History of the Clifton School
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brevard_Public_Schools&oldid=841137655"
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