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Taxpayer Bill of Rights
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The Taxpayer Bill of Rights (abbreviated TABOR) is a concept advocated by conservative and free market libertarian groups, primarily in the United States, as a way of limiting the growth of government. It is not a charter of rights but a provision requiring that increases in overall tax revenue be tied to inflation and population increases unless larger increases are approved by referendum.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Colorado
2 Advocates
3 Opponents
4 TABOR in other states
5 National legislation
6 IRS Taxpayer Bill of Rights
7 Executive Branch
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Colorado[edit]
In 1992, the voters of the state approved a measure which amended Article X of the Colorado Constitution that restricts revenues for all levels of government (state, local, and schools).[2] Under TABOR, state and local governments cannot raise tax rates without voter approval and cannot spend revenues collected under existing tax rates without voter approval if revenues grow faster than the rate of inflation and population growth.[2] Revenue in excess of the TABOR limit, commonly referred to as the "TABOR surplus", must be refunded to taxpayers, unless voters approve a revenue change as an offset in a referendum.[3] Under TABOR, the state has returned more than $2 billion to taxpayers.[2][4]
The allowance for spending to grow at the rate of inflation plus population growth means that inflation-adjusted per capita spending generally did not decrease. However, spending growth could be interrupted due to an economic recession, in which case inflation-adjusted per capita spending did decrease—and TABOR did not permit inflation-adjusted per capita spending to return to its pre-recession level. This was known as the "ratchet-down effect," and it occurred in FY2001-02 and FY2002-03.[3] The ratchet-down effect was desirable to those who believed government was consuming too large a fraction of Colorado's gross state product (GSP), and undesirable to those who believed government was consuming too small a fraction of Colorado's GSP.
In November 2005, Coloradans approved Referendum C, a ballot measure that loosened many of TABOR's restrictions. This measure allows the state to retain and spend money from existing revenue sources above the TABOR limit each year beginning in FY 2005-06. The state may spend all revenue subject to TABOR for five years through FY 2009-10. Beginning in FY 2010-11, the state may spend revenue above the TABOR limit up to a capped amount known as the "Referendum C cap.[3] The Referendum C cap grows from the prior year's cap instead of the prior year's spending by inflation plus population growth.[3] In effect, Referendum C eliminated the ratchet-down effect.[3]
Any retained Referendum C revenue (revenue above the allowable TABOR limit but below the Referendum C cap) is statutorily required to be spent on health care, education, firefighter and police retirement plans and strategic transportation projects.[3] Colorado Legislative Council Staff reported in 2009 that the state would have faced a significant budget shortfall had Referendum C not passed.[3] Therefore, in many instances the Referendum C money that has been spent is not new money to programs, rather it maintained the programs and prevented them from undergoing cuts.[3] It is money the programs may not have received without Referendum C, but it is not additional money when compared with prior years.[3] However, the report also admits that it is impossible to enumerate this impact because it would require knowledge of what budgetary actions the state would have taken had Referendum C failed.[3] Referendum C and other attempts to mitigate the effects of TABOR are referred to as "de-Brucing" after Douglas Bruce, the author of the amendment. In November 2005, Colorado residents voted to suspend for five years the state's self-imposed revenue caps as outlined in the state's Taxpayer Bill of Rights.The effects of TABOR on government spending and economic growth have been a popular discussion topic in recent years. Proponents accredit much of Colorado's economic prosperity in the period immediately following adoption of the law to the limit and its effect on government spending and taxes [5][6]
When Colorado voters passed the law that decriminalized marijuana, the voters approved using tax money generated from marijuana sales for schools, police, and drug education. However, the tax money might end up not being used for any of those programs. The Taxpayer's Bill of Rights restrains the state's ability to tax and spend. As of April 2015, projections for marijuana tax revenue for Colorado are at $58 million. But that money might have to be returned to taxpayers, due to the provisions in the state's Taxpayer Bill of Rights.[7]
Advocates[edit]
Douglas Edward Bruce (born August 26, 1949) is a conservative activist and former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. He is also known for being the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR).
A strict advocate for limited government, Bruce wrote and promoted TABOR, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992; his name is so associated with the measure that attempts to bypass its restrictions are known as "de-Brucing."
Advocates like Douglas Bruce see the experience of Colorado as an example of the positive effects of tax decreases. They cite the fact that Colorado's economic growth in the dozen or so years since this system was implemented has been well in excess of that of the U.S. as a whole. They also say that deciding tax increases in referendums is more democratic, as legislators may be beholden to Lobby groups, special interests and lobbyists.
One prominent advocacy group in favor of TABOR is Americans for Prosperity. Many of their twenty state chapters are currently working on plans to implement TABOR in their respective states. In Florida, AFP lobbied the Taxation and Budget Reform Committee to place a TABOR on the November 2008 ballot. And in Texas, AFP spearheaded the Taxpayer Protection Act concept of giving taxpayers greater control over how much government taxpayers want and are willing to pay for. It was also on the 2008 Republican Primary Ballot as a nonbinding initiative.
Many advocates of a more libertarian view, such as Americans for Limited Government, say that reduced taxation is a noble goal for its own sake, leading to increases in financial freedom and economic prosperity. Others note that Colorado has continued growth as well as larger tax revenues concurrent with the TABOR act.
The TABOR Foundation has partnered with Mountain States Legal Foundation to sue to enforce TABOR in Colorado, challenging car taxes and sales taxes enacted without a vote of the people.[8][9] MSLF has also sued on behalf of the Colorado Union of Taxpayers Foundation's members, challenging the City of Aspen's grocery bag tax.[10]
Advocates claim that the assertion that Colorado ranks 47th in school funding is misleading. The figure, which comes from the U.S. Census Bureau's report titled Public School Finances 2004, measures spending as a percentage of personal income. Colorado appears to be low in these rankings because of the high earning power of its taxpaying residents. Using the same set of figures, a poorer state like New Mexico ranks 7th, though it actually spends fewer dollars per pupil than Colorado.[11]
Measuring all K-12 education expenditures (including construction costs and debt repayment) for 2003–2004, data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) place Colorado at 28th in the nation ($9,073). Strictly measuring operational costs for the same year, Colorado ranks anywhere from 23rd ($8,263 - National Education Association) to 33rd ($7,478 - NCES) in "current" per-pupil spending.[11]
The proportion of state spending on K-12 education is at an all-time high. In 1992, the year before TABOR took effect, the state of Colorado paid 45 percent of the per-pupil funding for public schools. In 2006, the state's share had grown to 62%. From 2000-01 to 2005-06, Colorado's overall per-pupil contribution in state dollars to K-12 education (including all education funds, not just per-pupil funding under the School Finance Act) had increased by 28% — or by 16% after adjusting for inflation.[11]
Opponents[edit]
Opponents argue that the lack of tax revenue has hurt Colorado in many ways. For instance, Colorado ranks 48th in the nation for higher education funding (per personal income level), which is the lowest in 40 years, representing a drop from 34th in 1992.[12] In another example, Colorado now ranks 44th in what it spends to repair its roads.[citation needed]
Opponents also argue that Colorado's economic growth has largely been despite - not because of - this system, and is a result of changing societal desires for open spaces, outdoor sports opportunities, and other "quality of life" issues that are now imperiled by Colorado's inability to provide expanding governmental services. They point out that almost 90% of state tax revenues are now already earmarked for various purposes, handicapping the state legislature and giving it very little flexibility.
They also add that the process has not been as "democratic" as its advocates purport, citing the off-year voting and complex wording that may skew results. Some opponents claim that complicated tax decisions are best decided by deliberation based on well-informed argument and informed consent, such as presumably occurs in legislatures, rather than the simplistic and emotionally charged appeals that tend to dominate referendums.
Many others arguing against TABOR claim that the method of "Population- Plus Inflation" formula does not work. This formula proposes allowing states to maintain their public services while still controlling their spending. The formula, however, does not keep up with the ever-changing cost of maintaining their services. Here is why this method does not work. Population: The population of the people requiring these services throughout the country (i.e. senior citizens) do not run parallel with the population of the state as a whole. For example, the population in Florida is expected to increase by 27% over the next twenty years, but the senior citizen population is expected to increase by 87%. Inflation: TABOR gauges the inflation rate on the cost of goods and services that consumers use and purchase every day rather than gauging the cost of public services. The inflation rate of the cost of public services raises much quicker than the inflation rate of the cost of consumer products because public services are less likely to experience benefits that consumer products do.[13]
TABOR in other states[edit]
Reforms similar to Colorado's have been put forward in several states. In 2006, two Libertarian groups financially backed by New York real estate developer Howie Rich campaigned for laws similar to TABOR in eight states.[14][15][16]
Informed observers[who?] feel that such advocates have the greatest likelihood of success in jurisdictions which have initiative and referendum and can be put on the ballot directly by voters, at least in the short term, as legislators are very unlikely to be willing to give up such control over the power of the purse unless voters overwhelmingly demand it.[citation needed] TABOR advocates were handed a setback when a similar proposition, on the ballot on the same day as the California gubernatorial recall of 2003, was overwhelmingly defeated on the same day that a Democratic governor was being recalled by a large margin.
It appears far more likely, at least in the short term, that measures similar to the "Taxpayer Bill of Rights" will be adopted on the county and municipal level than on a statewide basis beyond Colorado; one municipality adopting the plan in recent years has been Spring Hill, Tennessee. After the November 2005 setback for proponents in Colorado, advocates in many regions are now downplaying the name "Taxpayer Bill of Rights" in favor of other terms such as "Spending Limitation Movement". Organizations dedicated to shrinking government are pushing for the adoption of TABORs in other states. Currently, Colorado is the only state with TABOR. In 2005, TABOR proposals were introduced in about half of the states.[17] A TABOR referendum on the ballot in Maine as an initiative effort led by Mary Adams was defeated in November 2006. Similar referendums were also defeated in Nebraska and Oregon that year. Similar initiatives in Maine and Washington were defeated in 2009.[18]
In North Carolina, some Republicans want a constitutional amendment to limit growth in spending to population growth and the rate of inflation.[19]
National legislation[edit]
Nationally, Members of Congress have made attempts to give taxpayers more rights in terms of tax debts and interactions with the IRS. Congressman Pete Roskam (R-IL) introduced a bill in the House of Representatives called the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (H.R. 1058).[20] 11 Republicans cosponsored the bill.[21] The bill would require that the IRS provide people with quality service; people would only have to pay the correct amount of their taxes owed; the IRS would be required to implement better customer service; and people would have a "voice" in the process when challenging an IRS ruling.[20]
IRS Taxpayer Bill of Rights[edit]
The IRS has offered its own version of a taxpayer bill of rights since the year 2014.[22] Describing the rights, the IRS has written, "Each and every taxpayer has a set of fundamental rights they should be aware of when dealing with the IRS. Explore your rights and our obligations to protect them." The rights are available to the public online in a document called Publication 1: Your Rights as a Taxpayer.[23] To help people understand their rights when dealing with the IRS, the IRS has an independent agency within the IRS called the Taxpayer Advocate Service.[24]
Executive Branch[edit]
The EXECUTIVE BRANCH (20 ILCS 2520/) Taxpayers' Bill of Rights Act, is broken up into seven sections throughout the act. Section 1 is stating the name of the act. Section 2 is Legislative Declaration and states "The General Assembly further finds that the Illinois tax system is based largely on self-assessment." Section 2 also states "The General Assembly finds and declares that taxes are the most sensitive point of contact between citizens and their government." Section 4 explains "the Department of Revenue shall have the following powers and duties to protect the rights of taxpayers," and list 10 different responsibilities the government has. Section 5 is the taxpayer's suits. It says "Taxpayers have the right to sue the Department of Revenue if such Department intentionally or recklessly disregards tax laws or regulations in collecting taxes" Section 6 is the review of liens, and section 7 is dedicated to the cost.
See also[edit]
Taxpayer Bill of Rights III, an Act of Congress
Proposition 13, which capped property taxes in California
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kate Watkins (July 6, 2009). "State Spending Limitations: TABOR and Referendum C".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Watkins, K. (2009). State Spending Limitations: TABOR and Referendum C. Denver: Colorado Legislative Council Staff. http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/CGA-LegislativeCouncil/CLC/1200536135614
Jump up ^ Smith, Daniel (1998). Tax Crusaders and the Politics of Direct Democracy. NY: Routledge. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
Jump up ^ Bainbridge, J. (February 13, 2005). Chamber, legislature attempt to 'de-Bruce'. The Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4191/is_20050213/ai_n9779937/
Jump up ^ Therese J. McGuire and Kim S. Rueben. "Colorado Revenue Limit: The Economic Effects of TABOR" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "The Glitch in Colorado's Weed Experiment". Opinion. The New York Times. Nexis. 6 April 2015. (Subscription required (help)). |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_24379305/tabor-group-sues-2-special-districts-rtd-scfd
Jump up ^ http://www.clearthebenchcolorado.org/2013/08/05/colorado-car-tax-er-faster-vehicle-registration-fee-hike-legal-challenge-loses-first-round-in-denver-district-court/
Jump up ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-krause/denver-disposable-bag-fee_b_3738610.html
^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.i2i.org/articles/penntabor.doc
Jump up ^ Center for Budget and Policy Priorities: A Formula for Decline
Jump up ^ "Policy Basics: Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR)". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Sadler, Russell (October 6, 2006). "Out-of-state lucre fuels Oregon Measure 48". The Daily Astorian. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
Jump up ^ Editorial (October 8, 2006). "Prop. 207 is Trojan horse". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
Jump up ^ Cover, Susan M. (October 8, 2006). "TABOR: A problem, or the solution?". Kennebec Journal. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
Jump up ^ http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=753
Jump up ^ Shannon, Brad (November 3, 2009). "Eyman's I-1033 looks dead; similar TABOR law failing in Maine". The Olympian. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ Zane, J. Peder (August 25, 2015). "TABOR is appealing, but ultimately undemocratic". News & Observer. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "House will vote on IRS reform legislation on Tax Day". The Ripon Advance. Washington, D.C. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "H.R. 1058: Taxpayer Bill of Rights Act of 2015". GovTrack. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mutual funds don't require lot of money, time". Ask the Fool. The Arizona Republic. Nexis. 10 January 2015. (Subscription required (help)). |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Your Rights As a Taxpayer" (PDF). Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "IRS Adopts ‘Taxpayer Bill of Rights;’ 10 Provisions to be Highlighted on IRS.gov, in Publication 1" (Press release). Internal Revenue Service. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
External links[edit]
"Taxpayer Bill of Rights Legal Definition of Taxpayer Bill of Rights." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taxpayer_Bill_of_Rights&oldid=800764025"
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Dominique Dawes
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Dominique Dawes-Thompson
Dawes at a fitness and nutrition event on the White House's South Lawn in 2011
Personal information
Full name
Dominique
Margaux Dawes-Thompson
Country represented
United States
Born
(1976-11-20) November 20, 1976 (age 41)
Silver Spring, Maryland
Height
5 ft 2 in (157 cm)
Discipline
Women's artistic gymnastics
Level
Senior International
Years on national team
10 (1989–1998; 2000)
Club
Hill's Angels
Former coach(es)
Kelli Hill
Co-Chair of the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
Incumbent
Assumed office
2010
Serving with Drew Brees
President
Barack Obama
Preceded by
John Burke[1]
Personal details
Occupation
Gymnast, Actress, Singer
Website
DominiqueDawes.com
Dominique Margaux Dawes-Thompson (born November 20, 1976) is a retired American artistic gymnast. Known in the gymnastics community as 'Awesome Dawesome,' she was a 10-year member of the U.S. national gymnastics team, the 1994 U.S. all-around senior National Champion, a three-time Olympian, a World Championship silver and bronze medalist, and a member of the gold-medal-winning team "Magnificent Seven" at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Dawes is also notable as being the first African-American woman to win an individual Olympic medal in artistic gymnastics, and the first black person of any nationality or gender to win an Olympic-gold-medal in gymnastics.[2] She is also one of only three female American gymnasts, along with Muriel Grossfeld and Linda Metheny-Mulvihill, to compete in three Olympics and was part of their medal-winning teams: Barcelona 1992 (bronze), Atlanta 1996 (gold), and Sydney 2000 (bronze). She is also the Olympic bronze medalist on floor exercise from the Atlanta games. Dawes is the first female gymnast to be a part of three Olympic-medal-winning teams since Lyudmila Turischeva won gold in Mexico City (1968), Munich (1972), and Montreal (1976). Since Dawes, Svetlana Khorkina is the only gymnast to accomplish this feat, winning silver in Atlanta (1996) and Sydney (2000), and bronze in Athens (2004).
Dawes was first introduced to gymnastics at age six when she signed up for a tumbling class. When she showed up, the class was canceled, and someone suggested to her parents that she try a local gymnastics club called Marva Teens. Dawes signed up for classes and began working with Kelli Hill, who would coach her for her entire career.[3][4]
Dawes became engaged in December 2012, to Catholic school teacher[5] Jeff Thompson. Dawes converted to Catholicism, and they married on May 25, 2013.[6][7][8] She had her first child, a daughter, in March 2014.
Contents
[hide]
1 Personal life
2 Gymnastics career
2.1 Junior career
2.2 1992–1995
2.3 1996
2.4 1996 Olympic Games
2.5 2000 Olympics
3 Education and life after gymnastics
4 Skills
5 Awards
6 Pop culture
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Personal life[edit]
Dawes was born in Silver Spring, Maryland on November 20, 1976 to Don and Loretta Dawes. She has two siblings; an older sister, Danielle Dawes-Thompson, and a younger brother, Don Dawes, Jr., both participated in the Olympic games.
Gymnastics career[edit]
Medal record
Women's gymnastics
Representing the United States
Olympic Games
1996 Atlanta Team
1992 Barcelona Team
1996 Atlanta Floor
2000 Sydney Team
World Championships
1993 Birmingham Balance Beam
1993 Birmingham Uneven Bars
1994 Dortmund Team
1996 Puerto Rico Balance Beam
American Cup
1994 Orlando All-around
U.S. Senior Nationals
1991 Cincinnati Floor
1992 Columbus Uneven Bars
1993 Salt Lake City Vault
1993 Salt Lake City Balance Beam
1994 Nashville All-Around
1994 Nashville Vault
1994 Nashville Uneven Bars
1994 Nashville Balance Beam
1994 Nashville Floor
1995 New Orleans Uneven Bars
1995 New Orleans Floor
1996 Knoxville Vault
1996 Knoxville Uneven Bars
1996 Knoxville Balance Beam
1996 Knoxville Floor
1993 Salt Lake City All-Around
1993 Salt Lake City Floor
1993 Salt Lake City Uneven Bars
1995 New Orleans Balance Beam
Junior career[edit]
Dawes was competing as a junior elite by the age of 10. She placed 17th in the all-around junior division at her first U.S. National Championships in 1988. In 1989, at the age of 12, she was sent to Australia to compete in her first international meet, the Konica Grand Prix. By the early 1990s, Dawes was achieving success both nationally and internationally. She placed 3rd in the all-around in the junior division at the 1990 U.S. National Championships.[4]
At the 1992 USA vs. Japan dual meet, the 15-year-old Dawes received a standing ovation, after an energetic floor routine in which she revived the back-to-back tumbling revolutionized by Soviet star Oksana Omelianchik. The judges were equally impressed, and gave her a perfect 10. Though she was not part of the 1991 World Championship team, Dawes continued to move up on the national and international scene throughout 1991 and 1992.[4]
1992–1995[edit]
The crowd pleasing athlete placed 4th at the 1992 Olympic trials and was awarded a place on the United States Olympic team.[4] Despite battling very painful tendinitis in both ankles and Osgood-Schlatter disease during pre-Olympic training,[9] Dawes performed respectably throughout the competition, even having the boldness to try a brand-new move in her balance beam routine during team competition - back handspring to three layout stepouts. She also won over the crowd with a solid optional floor exercise routine and, with a mark of 9.925, tied with Kim Zmeskal for the highest score for the American team on the event.[10] The team won bronze, and Dawes and teammate Betty Okino became the first African American females to win an Olympic-gymnastics medal.
Dawes only competed in the team competition in 1992, not breaking through as an all-around gymnast until 1993. She is probably best known for her performances at the 1993 and 1994 World Championships. In 1993, Dawes led the competition after three events, even beating her more famous teammate Shannon Miller. However, she decided to try her harder vault (1½ twisting layout Yurchenko) worth a 10.00 instead of simply a full-twisting layout Yurchenko, which had been devalued to a 9.8. She made the first vault, but slipped and fell on the second, immediately bursting into tears. With the new rule that both vaults were averaged in all-around competition, her fall dropped her to 4th overall while Miller won the title.[11][12] Famously, after the vault fall Dawes's coach Kelli Hill exhorted her to be proud of her performance anyway, stating: "When did you ever think you would be in that position? You have to be happy with yourself. Come on. Be happy. Stand up and wave". Dawes did so and earned a standing ovation from the crowd.[13] After this disappointment she rebounded in the event finals, winning two silver medals on bars and beam.[4]
The same fate befell her in at the 1994 Worlds. Leading after three events, she again came to vault with a chance of winning the title. This time her mistake came on the first vault where Dawes over-rotated and hurled forward into a somersault. Her low score dropped her to 5th. Her mistakes continued throughout the event finals and left the championships without winning a single medal.
Dawes would finish her year on a positive note, however. She dominated the National Championships placing first in the all-around and all four event finals at the expense of rival Shannon Miller. It was the first year since 1969 that a gymnast had swept the competition.[14][15] She went on to lead the American team to a silver medal at the World Team Championships in Dortmund, Germany posting the third highest all-around score in the process.
1996[edit]
Dawes struggled through a difficult 1995 riddled by wrist and ankle injuries. She finished fourth at nationals and was forced to sit out the World Championships that year. At the 1996 World Championships, Dawes missed out on a medal on the uneven bars but tied Liu Xuan for a bronze medal on the balance beam.[11][16] At the 1996 U.S. National Championships Dawes sweep all four event finals for the second time in her career making her the only gymnast ever to accomplish this feat twice. Dawes also finished first at the Olympic trials, earning a berth on the 1996 Olympic team at the age of 19.[4] Dawes planned to attend Stanford University in fall 1995 but could not receive an athletic scholarship as she turned pro to train for the 1996 Olympics.
1996 Olympic Games[edit]
The team, later nicknamed Magnificent Seven, dominated the team competition. A key member of the team, Dawes performed without serious error and was the only team member to have all eight of her scores count towards the total. Along with Shannon Miller, Jaycie Phelps, Dominique Moceanu, Amanda Borden, Amy Chow and Kerri Strug, Dawes claimed her gold medal as part of the first American team to take the Olympic title. Another first, she became the first black woman of any nationality to win an Olympic gold in gymnastics.[citation needed]
Later in the week, however, Dawes lost yet another opportunity to win a major all-around title. Going into the competition, she was considered one of the heavy favorites to medal. She was ranked sixth overall among all competitors after the team event, and her scores from team optionals were the highest on the American team and the second highest overall.[17][18] Dawes led the competition after two rotations, with Shannon Miller right behind her. Both gymnasts were on Floor Exercise for the 3rd rotation. Miller had a substantial mistake in her routine, knocking her out of the medals. On the middle tumbling pass of Dawes's floor routine, she under-rotated for fear that she might step out of bounds; she sat down the tumbling pass (and went out of bounds anyway) causing her position to plummet in the standings. NBC cameras zoomed in on Dawes, sitting in tears as her score from floor exercise was announced (it was an even 9.000), which led to numerous boos from the audience. She managed to pull out a decent Vault score, but finished 17th overall. In the Event Finals, she placed sixth on Vault and just out of the medals on Uneven Bars, but redeemed herself by winning Bronze in Floor Exercise finals, her first World Championship or Olympic medal in what had long been considered her best event.[11][19]
2000 Olympics[edit]
Between 1996 and 1998 Dawes competed in various professional meets but retreated from elite competition. She returned briefly in 1998 to participate in the Goodwill Games where she placed 19th in the Mixed Pairs event with Chainey Umphrey. However, she placed 9th all-around at 2000 U.S. Nationals and 7th at the Olympic Trials, and earned a spot on her third Olympic team.[20]
In team preliminaries at the Sydney Olympics, Dawes posted the second highest score of the American team on uneven bars but the lowest on beam.[21] In the team finals, she performed well on three events and contributed to the team's bronze medal awarded April 28, 2010 when the International Olympic Committee stripped China of its 2000 team medal for an underage competitor.[22]
Education and life after gymnastics[edit]
Dawes attended Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland and Gaithersburg High School in Gaithersburg, Maryland, where she was the 1994 prom queen.[15] She graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland, College Park in 2002. Pursuing a career in acting, modeling, and television production, she has appeared in Prince's music video "Betcha By Golly Wow" and Missy Elliott's 2006 video "We Run This" in the role of Missy's gymnastics coach. Dawes also briefly appeared on Broadway in a revival of the musical Grease, playing cheerleader Patty Simcox.[23]
Dawes speaking at a physical fitness rally
Dawes served as President of the Women's Sports Federation from 2004–2006; she was the youngest President in the Foundation's history.[24] She was the first spokeswoman for the Girl Scouts of the USA's "Uniquely Me" self-esteem campaign in 2002.[25] Dawes, whose younger brother has autism, has also supported events for autism awareness, such as the 2001 Power of One rally in Washington D.C..[26] She is presently on the Advisory Board of Sesame Workshop's "Healthy Habits for Life" program and also works as a motivational speaker, concentrating on youth issues.[27] In June 2010, President Obama appointed Dawes to be co-chair of the newly renamed President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition, along with New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees.[28][29]
She provided commentary for Yahoo's coverage of the Beijing Olympics in 2008 and for the 2010 Winter Olympics.
On October 28, 2010, Dawes was working for Yahoo Weekend News when she met with Center for Inquiry (CFI)'s investigative partner IIG to test Power Balance Bracelets for their claim that they improve balance, flexibility and strength. She states "The fact is, all athletes know that nothing can replace good old-fashioned hard work – practice, practice, practice...Can a silicone wristband with a hologram sticker really give you an added edge?" In the trial four bracelets were taped so no participant knew if the bracelet they were wearing contained the Power Balance hologram. One bracelet was the control with no hologram, another contained only a PEZ candy. From Wendy Hughes report "The claim was that if the hologram worked, the speed of the participants would increase, and it would show on the graph. But it didn't. Out of 64 heats, 16 participants using 4 bracelets in 4 random heats, the results were almost flat. The main result was that if there was any change, the familiarity with the course caused a slight increase in efficiency. The Pez didn't make a difference either." Dawes's conclusion is that superstition makes the Power Bracelet work.[30]
Dawes appeared with gymnasts Nadia Comăneci and Simone Biles in a commercial for Tide called "The Evolution of Power" prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics.[31][32]
Skills[edit]
Vault: 1.5 twisting Yurchenko, Phelps (Tsukahara to layout Arabian front)
Uneven Bars: Shaposhnikova transition to high bar, Hindorff release (free hip to straddled Tkatchev), 1.5 pirouette (Dawes), full pirouette, full-in dismount
Balance Beam: Back-handspring followed by 3 layout stepouts; two back-handsprings to full-in dismount.
Floor Exercise: Double layout; whip, back handspring, 2.5 twist, punch front (combination); piked full-in back out; double twist-punch front through to double tuck, double twist-punch front through to 2.5 twist-punch front (back-to-back tumbling runs). On floor, Dawes was known for her exhausting and technically intricate back-to-back tumbling passes.
Her music for floor routines:
1994 - Malagueña by Stanley Black Orchestra
1996 - Ukrainian Fantasy & Near the Valley by Kovriga Balalaika Orchestra
2000 - Samba by Armik
Awards[edit]
Inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, 2009
Inducted into the USA Olympic Hall of Fame (with the Magnificent Seven), 2008
AAUW Women of Distinction Award, 2004
"Caring Hands, Caring Hearts" Award, Ronald McDonald House Charities and Children Around the World, 2003
Inducted into USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame, 1998
Essence Award, 1997
Olympic gold medalist in Atlanta, Georgia, 1996
Henry P. Iba Citizen Award, presented annually to two outstanding athletes who have demonstrated good citizenship, 1995
Sportsperson of the year by USA Gymnastics, 1994
Finalist for the AAU Sullivan Award, which recognizes the USA's top amateur athlete, 1994
Pop culture[edit]
Shout out from Broad City S3 E1 Opening scene is a bakery named "Dominique Däas Bakery" that pioneered the Churron. (combination churro/macaron) Dawes' flipping ability has been used as the root metaphor in hip-hop songs by such artists as Ras Kass ("It's a Given," "12"), The Hit Squad ("International," "Zero Tolerance"), Janelle Monáe ["Tightrope (Wondamix)" featuring B.o.B and Lupe Fiasco], Cam'ron (featuring Beyonce and Jim Jones – Do It Again) and Lil Wayne's Stunt Hard.
See also[edit]
List of Olympic female gymnasts for the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Appointments to President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports" (Press release). White House. June 20, 2002.
Jump up ^ Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 126. Gale Cengage Learning. 2015. pp. 48–51. ISBN 978-1-57302-425-9.
Jump up ^ "Catching up with Dominique Dawes" Archived February 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Mary Buckheit, ESPN, February 22, 2008
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Official Bio at USA Gymnastics
Jump up ^ http://www.heights.edu/bios/thompson/
Jump up ^ catholicnewsagency.com
Jump up ^ http://first-thoughts.org/on/Easter+Vigil (Search 'Dominique Dawes') 03 Jun 2013 10:45 Local press is really out to lunch...might get scooped by the Catholic Standard this week. Gold medal winning Olympian Dominique Dawes was received into the Catholic Church at the Easter Vigil and nine days ago married Jeff Thompson, a teacher at The Heights School. This news was announced at the Brookewood School graduation in Kensington, Maryland on Saturday, when Ms. Dawes was the speaker.
Jump up ^ http://www.lipstickalley.com/showthread.php?p=15876043
Jump up ^ Ryan, Joan (1995). Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. Garden City: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-47790-1.
Jump up ^ Scores by gymnast for the 1992 Olympics team competition Gymn-Forum
^ Jump up to: a b c "Team Gold for Dawes Was Only Part of Plan" Christopher Clarey, The New York Times, July 28, 1996
Jump up ^ "Dominique Dawes wins 2 silver medals during World Gymnastic events". Jet. May 17, 1993. p. 49.
Jump up ^ Eurosport coverage of the 1993 World Championships
Jump up ^ "3 for the future". Ebony. May 1995. pp. 80–84.
^ Jump up to: a b "Dominique Dawes sweeps each event at National Gymnastics Championships". Jet. September 12, 1994. p. 52.
Jump up ^ "Competitors Keeping Olympic Test in Mind" Christopher Clarey, The New York Times, April 21, 1996
Jump up ^ Scores by gymnast for the team optionals at the 1996 Olympics Gymn-Forum
Jump up ^ Women's all-around qualifiers Gymn-Forum
Jump up ^ Event finals notes USA Gymnastics, 1996
Jump up ^ "Miller Out, But Dawes And Chow Make Team" Selena Roberts, The New York Times, August 21, 2000
Jump up ^ Scores by gymnast for team prelims at the 2000 Olympics Gymn-Forum
Jump up ^ IOC strips 2000 Games bronze medal from China Yahoo! Sports News, April 28, 2010 Archived October 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Hopelessly Devoted" Kimberly Wong, Sports Illustrated, December 30, 1996
Jump up ^ "Ex-Gymnast's Next Routine Is Getting Girls Off Couch" Frank Litsky, The New York Times, May 21, 2004
Jump up ^ "Olympic Champion Dominique Dawes Teams Up With Girl Scouts & Unilever To Empower Girls Through Progressive New Self-Esteem Program" Market Wire, September 2002
Jump up ^ "The Power of One" 2001 Archived January 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Speaker profile at The American Program Bureau
Jump up ^ "Michelle Obama jumps rope, emphasizes nutrition", USA Today, June 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "First Lady Launches President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition" (Press release). White House. June 23, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-06-26.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20101110171737/http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_weekend/20101104/ts_yblog_weekend/do-power-balance-wristbands-work. Archived from the original on November 10, 2010. Retrieved November 4, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Dominique Dawes, Nadia Comaneci Share Advice for Olympic Hopefuls: ‘Enjoy the Journey’
Jump up ^ Olympic Gymnasts Simone Biles, Dominique Dawes, And Nadia Comaneci Partner In ‘The Evolution of Power’ Video
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dominique Dawes.
Dominique Dawes official website
Dominique Dawes at the International Federation of Gymnastics
Dominique Dawes on IMDb
Dominique Dawes at the Internet Broadway Database
USA Gymnastics Official Biography: Dominique Dawes
List of competitive results at Gymn Forum
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 66100331
SNAC: w63z1d4j
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Dawes&oldid=828309705"
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text:
List of cities in Ohio
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Map of the United States with Ohio highlighted
Cities in Ohio are incorporated municipalities whose population is greater than 5,000. Smaller municipalities are villages. Nonresident college students and incarcerated inmates do not count towards the city requirement of 5,000 residents.[1] There are currently 247 cities in Ohio, a state located in the Midwestern United States.[2] Municipality names are not unique: there is a village of Centerville and a city of Centerville; also a city of Oakwood and two similarly named villages: Oakwood, Cuyahoga County, Ohio and Oakwood, Paulding County, Ohio.
List[edit]
Largest cities in Ohio by population
Columbus
Cleveland
Cincinnati
Toledo
Akron
Dayton
Canton
Youngstown
Name
Counties
Incorp.
Pop. (2010)[3]
Akron Summit 1865 7005197542000000000♠197,542
Alliance Mahoning, Stark 1854 7004223220000000000♠22,322
Amherst Lorain 1872 7004120210000000000♠12,021
Ashland Ashland 1913 7004203620000000000♠20,362
Ashtabula Ashtabula 1892 7004191240000000000♠19,124
Athens Athens 1811 7004238320000000000♠23,832
Aurora Portage 1961 7004155480000000000♠15,548
Avon Lorain 1917 7004211930000000000♠21,193
Avon Lake Lorain 1917 7004225810000000000♠22,581
Barberton Summit 1891 7004265500000000000♠26,550
Bay Village Cuyahoga 1950 7004156510000000000♠15,651
Beachwood Cuyahoga 1915 7004119530000000000♠11,953
Beavercreek Greene 1980 7004451930000000000♠45,193
Bedford Cuyahoga 1837 7004130740000000000♠13,074
Bedford Heights Cuyahoga 1961 7004107510000000000♠10,751
Bellbrook Greene 1974 7003694300000000000♠6,943
Bellefontaine Logan 1835 7004133700000000000♠13,370
Bellevue Erie, Huron, Sandusky 1851 7003820200000000000♠8,202
Belpre Washington 1961 7003644100000000000♠6,441
Berea Cuyahoga 1836 7004190930000000000♠19,093
Bexley Franklin 1931 7004130570000000000♠13,057
Blue Ash Hamilton 1955 7004121140000000000♠12,114
Bowling Green Wood 1855 7004300280000000000♠30,028
Brecksville Cuyahoga 1960 7004136560000000000♠13,656
Broadview Heights Cuyahoga 1927 7004194000000000000♠19,400
Brook Park Cuyahoga 1960 7004192120000000000♠19,212
Brooklyn Cuyahoga 1951 7004111690000000000♠11,169
Brookville Montgomery 1874 7003588400000000000♠5,884
Brunswick Medina 1960 7004342550000000000♠34,255
Bryan Williams 1941 7003854500000000000♠8,545
Bucyrus Crawford 1822 7004123620000000000♠12,362
Cambridge Guernsey 1895 7004106350000000000♠10,635
Campbell Mahoning 1926 7003823500000000000♠8,235
Canal Fulton Stark 1840 7003547900000000000♠5,479
Canal Winchester Fairfield, Franklin 1866 7003710100000000000♠7,101
Canfield Mahoning 1846 7003751500000000000♠7,515
Canton Stark 1854 7004726830000000000♠72,683
Carlisle Warren 1958 7003491500000000000♠4,915
Celina Mercer 1834 7004104000000000000♠10,400
Centerville Greene, Montgomery 1830 7004239990000000000♠23,999
Chardon Geauga 1851 7003514800000000000♠5,148
Cheviot Hamilton 1818 7003837500000000000♠8,375
Chillicothe Ross 1838 7004219010000000000♠21,901
Cincinnati Hamilton 1819 7005298800000000000♠298,800
Circleville Pickaway 1836 7004133140000000000♠13,314
Clayton Miami, Montgomery 1942 7004132090000000000♠13,209
Cleveland Cuyahoga 1836 7005388072000000000♠388,072
Cleveland Heights Cuyahoga 1921 7004462380000000000♠46,238
Clyde Sandusky 1866 7003632500000000000♠6,325
Columbiana Columbiana, Mahoning 1856 7003638400000000000♠6,384
Columbus Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin 1834 7005860090000000000♠860,090
Conneaut Ashtabula 1834 7004128410000000000♠12,841
Cortland Trumbull 1980 7003710400000000000♠7,104
Coshocton Coshocton 1833 7004112160000000000♠11,216
Cuyahoga Falls Summit 1920 7004496520000000000♠49,652
Dayton Montgomery 1805 7005140599000000000♠140,599
Deer Park Hamilton 1952 7003573600000000000♠5,736
Defiance Defiance 1836 7004164940000000000♠16,494
Delaware Delaware 1816 7004347530000000000♠34,753
Delphos Allen, Van Wert 1851 7003710100000000000♠7,101
Dover Tuscarawas 1901 7004128260000000000♠12,826
Dublin Delaware, Franklin, Union 1881 7004417510000000000♠41,751
East Cleveland Cuyahoga 1911 7004178430000000000♠17,843
East Liverpool Columbiana 1833 7004111950000000000♠11,195
Eastlake Lake 1948 7004185770000000000♠18,577
Eaton Preble 1836 7003840700000000000♠8,407
Elyria Lorain 1833 7004545330000000000♠54,533
Englewood Montgomery 1914 7004134650000000000♠13,465
Euclid Cuyahoga 1931 7004489200000000000♠48,920
Fairborn Greene 1950 7004327700000000000♠32,770
Fairfield Butler 1955 7004425100000000000♠42,510
Fairlawn Summit 1971 7003743700000000000♠7,437
Fairview Park Cuyahoga 1910 7004168260000000000♠16,826
Findlay Hancock 1838 7004412020000000000♠41,202
Forest Park Hamilton 1961 7004187200000000000♠18,720
Fostoria Hancock, Seneca, Wood 1854 7004134410000000000♠13,441
Franklin Warren 1814 7004117710000000000♠11,771
Fremont Sandusky 1866 7004167340000000000♠16,734
Gahanna Franklin 1881 7004332480000000000♠33,248
Galion Crawford 1842 7004105120000000000♠10,512
Garfield Heights Cuyahoga 1932 7004288490000000000♠28,849
Geneva Ashtabula 1866 7003621500000000000♠6,215
Germantown Montgomery 1833 7003554700000000000♠5,547
Girard Trumbull 1922 7003995800000000000♠9,958
Grandview Heights Franklin 1906 7003653600000000000♠6,536
Green Summit 1988 7004256990000000000♠25,699
Greenville Darke 1832 7004132270000000000♠13,227
Grove City Franklin 1852 7004355750000000000♠35,575
Groveport Franklin 1847 7003536300000000000♠5,363
Hamilton Butler 1810 7004624770000000000♠62,477
Harrison Hamilton 1850 7003989700000000000♠9,897
Heath Licking 1965 7004103100000000000♠10,310
Highland Heights Cuyahoga 1921 7003834500000000000♠8,345
Hilliard Franklin 1962 7004284350000000000♠28,435
Hillsboro Highland 1951 7003660500000000000♠6,605
Hubbard Trumbull 1960 7003787400000000000♠7,874
Huber Heights Miami, Montgomery 1981 7004381010000000000♠38,101
Hudson Summit 1837 7004222620000000000♠22,262
Huron Erie 1835 7003714900000000000♠7,149
Independence Cuyahoga 1960 7003713300000000000♠7,133
Indian Hill Hamilton 1941 7003578500000000000♠5,785
Ironton Lawrence 1849 7004111290000000000♠11,129
Jackson Jackson 1842 7003639700000000000♠6,397
Kent Portage 1920 7004289040000000000♠28,904
Kenton Hardin 1845 7003826200000000000♠8,262
Kettering Greene, Montgomery 1955 7004561630000000000♠56,163
Kirtland Lake 1971 7003685900000000000♠6,859
Lakewood Cuyahoga 1911 7004521310000000000♠52,131
Lancaster Fairfield 1831 7004387800000000000♠38,780
Lebanon Warren 1962 7004200330000000000♠20,033
Lima Allen 1831 7004387710000000000♠38,771
Logan Hocking 1839 7003715200000000000♠7,152
London Madison 1811 7003990400000000000♠9,904
Lorain Lorain 1874 7004640970000000000♠64,097
Louisville Stark 1872 7003918600000000000♠9,186
Loveland Clermont, Hamilton, Warren 1876 7004120810000000000♠12,081
Lyndhurst Cuyahoga 1951 7004140010000000000♠14,001
Macedonia Summit 1905 7004111880000000000♠11,188
Madeira Hamilton 1959 7003872600000000000♠8,726
Mansfield Richland 1828 7004478210000000000♠47,821
Maple Heights Cuyahoga 1932 7004231380000000000♠23,138
Marietta Washington 1851 7004140850000000000♠14,085
Marion Marion 1890 7004368370000000000♠36,837
Martins Ferry Belmont 1865 7003691500000000000♠6,915
Marysville Union 1838 7004220940000000000♠22,094
Mason Warren 1815 7004307120000000000♠30,712
Massillon Stark 1868 7004321490000000000♠32,149
Maumee Lucas 1838 7004142860000000000♠14,286
Mayfield Heights Cuyahoga 1951 7004191550000000000♠19,155
Medina Medina 1952 7004266780000000000♠26,678
Mentor Lake 1963 7004471590000000000♠47,159
Mentor-on-the-Lake Lake 1924 7003744300000000000♠7,443
Miamisburg Montgomery 1932 7004201810000000000♠20,181
Middleburg Heights Cuyahoga 1961 7004159460000000000♠15,946
Middletown Butler 1886 7004486940000000000♠48,694
Milford Clermont 1888 7003670900000000000♠6,709
Monroe Butler, Warren 1907 7004124420000000000♠12,442
Montgomery Hamilton 1910 7004102510000000000♠10,251
Moraine Montgomery 1957 7003630700000000000♠6,307
Mount Healthy Hamilton 1817 7003609800000000000♠6,098
Mount Vernon Knox 1880 7004169900000000000♠16,990
Munroe Falls Summit 1921 7003501200000000000♠5,012
Napoleon Henry 1863 7003874900000000000♠8,749
Nelsonville Athens 1871 7003539200000000000♠5,392
New Albany Franklin, Licking 1837 7003772400000000000♠7,724
New Carlisle Clark 1971 7003578500000000000♠5,785
New Franklin Summit 2005 7004142270000000000♠14,227
New Philadelphia Tuscarawas 1833 7004172880000000000♠17,288
Newark Licking 1826 7004475730000000000♠47,573
Niles Trumbull 1894 7004192660000000000♠19,266
North Canton Stark 1960 7004174880000000000♠17,488
North College Hill Hamilton 1941 7003939700000000000♠9,397
North Olmsted Cuyahoga 1815 7004327180000000000♠32,718
North Ridgeville Lorain 1960 7004294650000000000♠29,465
North Royalton Cuyahoga 1927 7004304440000000000♠30,444
Northwood Wood 1981 7003526500000000000♠5,265
Norton Summit 1961 7004120850000000000♠12,085
Norwalk Huron 1828 7004170120000000000♠17,012
Norwood Hamilton 1903 7004192070000000000♠19,207
Oakwood Montgomery 1908 7003920200000000000♠9,202
Oberlin Lorain 1846 7003828600000000000♠8,286
Olmsted Falls Cuyahoga 1814 7003902400000000000♠9,024
Ontario Richland 1958 7003622500000000000♠6,225
Oregon Lucas 1957 7004202910000000000♠20,291
Orrville Wayne 1864 7003838000000000000♠8,380
Oxford Butler 1830 7004213710000000000♠21,371
Painesville Lake 1832 7004195630000000000♠19,563
Parma Cuyahoga 1932 7004816010000000000♠81,601
Parma Heights Cuyahoga 1956 7004207180000000000♠20,718
Pataskala Licking 1892 7004149620000000000♠14,962
Pepper Pike Cuyahoga 1924 7003597900000000000♠5,979
Perrysburg Wood 1833 7004206230000000000♠20,623
Pickerington Fairfield, Franklin 1815 7004182910000000000♠18,291
Piqua Miami 1823 7004205220000000000♠20,522
Piketon Pike 1820 7003218100000000000♠2,181
Port Clinton Ottawa 1828 7003605600000000000♠6,056
Portsmouth Scioto 1803 7004202260000000000♠20,226
Powell Delaware 1947 7004115000000000000♠11,500
Ravenna Portage 1853 7004117240000000000♠11,724
Reading Hamilton 1851 7004103850000000000♠10,385
Reynoldsburg Fairfield, Franklin, Licking 1839 7004358930000000000♠35,893
Richmond Heights Cuyahoga 1917 7004105460000000000♠10,546
Rittman Wayne 1960 7003649100000000000♠6,491
Riverside Montgomery 1994 7004252010000000000♠25,201
Rocky River Cuyahoga 1930 7004202130000000000♠20,213
Rossford Wood 1939 7003629300000000000♠6,293
Salem Columbiana 1806 7004123030000000000♠12,303
Sandusky Erie 1824 7004257930000000000♠25,793
Seven Hills Cuyahoga 1928 7004118040000000000♠11,804
Shaker Heights Cuyahoga 1928 7004284480000000000♠28,448
Sharonville Butler, Hamilton 1910 7004135600000000000♠13,560
Sheffield Lake Lorain 1920 7003913700000000000♠9,137
Shelby Richland 1834 7003931700000000000♠9,317
Sidney Shelby 1834 7004212290000000000♠21,229
Solon Cuyahoga 1820 7004233480000000000♠23,348
South Euclid Cuyahoga 1941 7004222950000000000♠22,295
Springboro Montgomery, Warren 1815 7004174090000000000♠17,409
Springdale Hamilton 1959 7004112230000000000♠11,223
Springfield Clark 1850 7004606080000000000♠60,608
St. Clairsville Belmont 1807 7003518400000000000♠5,184
St. Marys Auglaize 1834 7003833200000000000♠8,332
Steubenville Jefferson 1851 7004186590000000000♠18,659
Stow Summit 1960 7004348370000000000♠34,837
Streetsboro Portage 1971 7004160280000000000♠16,028
Strongsville Cuyahoga 1818 7004447500000000000♠44,750
Struthers Mahoning 1800 7004107130000000000♠10,713
Sylvania Lucas 1961 7004189710000000000♠18,971
Tallmadge Portage, Summit 1951 7004175370000000000♠17,537
Tiffin Seneca 1817 7004179630000000000♠17,963
Tipp City Miami 1841 7003968900000000000♠9,689
Toledo Lucas 1837 7005279789000000000♠279,789
Toronto Jefferson 1887 7003509100000000000♠5,091
Trenton Butler 1971 7004118690000000000♠11,869
Trotwood Montgomery 1901 7004244310000000000♠24,431
Troy Miami 1814 7004250580000000000♠25,058
Twinsburg Summit 1955 7004187950000000000♠18,795
Uhrichsville Tuscarawas 1890 7003541300000000000♠5,413
Union Miami, Montgomery 1982 7003641900000000000♠6,419
University Heights Cuyahoga 1942 7004135390000000000♠13,539
Upper Arlington Franklin 1918 7004337710000000000♠33,771
Upper Sandusky Wyandot 1848 7003659600000000000♠6,596
Urbana Champaign 1868 7004117930000000000♠11,793
Van Wert Van Wert 1835 7004108460000000000♠10,846
Vandalia Montgomery 1848 7004152460000000000♠15,246
Vermilion Erie, Lorain 1961 7004105940000000000♠10,594
Wadsworth Medina 1931 7004215670000000000♠21,567
Wapakoneta Auglaize 1841 7003986700000000000♠9,867
Warren Trumbull 1869 7004415570000000000♠41,557
Warrensville Heights Cuyahoga 1957 7004135420000000000♠13,542
Washington Court House Fayette 1831 7004141920000000000♠14,192
Waterville Lucas 1832 7003552300000000000♠5,523
Wauseon Fulton 1857 7003733200000000000♠7,332
Wellston Jackson 1873 7003566300000000000♠5,663
West Carrollton Montgomery 1967 7004131430000000000♠13,143
Westerville Delaware, Franklin 1858 7004361200000000000♠36,120
Westlake Cuyahoga 1940 7004327290000000000♠32,729
Whitehall Franklin 1947 7004180620000000000♠18,062
Wickliffe Lake 1953 7004127500000000000♠12,750
Willard Huron 1959 7003623600000000000♠6,236
Willoughby Lake 1853 7004222680000000000♠22,268
Willoughby Hills Lake 1954 7003948500000000000♠9,485
Willowick Lake 1957 7004141710000000000♠14,171
Wilmington Clinton 1828 7004125200000000000♠12,520
Wooster Wayne 1808 7004261190000000000♠26,119
Worthington Franklin 1835 7004135750000000000♠13,575
Wyoming Hamilton 1874 7003842800000000000♠8,428
Xenia Greene 1817 7004257190000000000♠25,719
Youngstown Mahoning 1850 7004651840000000000♠65,184
Zanesville Muskingum 1797 7004254870000000000♠25,487
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ohio Code, Chapter 703
Jump up ^ Local Government: Cities, Villages, Townships and School Boards
Jump up ^ United States Census, 2010, Total Population
See also[edit]
Administrative divisions of Ohio
List of counties in Ohio
List of townships in Ohio
List of villages in Ohio
List of cities in the United States

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The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story
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The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story
Home video cover using the title The Flight
Directed by
Paul Wendkos
Produced by
Francis Ford Coppola (exec. producer)
Fred Roos
Tom Sternberg
Written by
Norman Morrill
Starring
Lindsay Wagner
Eli Danker
Sandy McPeak
Music by
Gil Melle and Demis Roussos
Cinematography
Chuck Arnold
Edited by
James Galloway
Distributed by
Columbia TriStar Television
Release date
1988 (1988)
Running time
100 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English, Arabic, German
The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story, also marketed as The Flight for home video releases as well as DVD reissues, is a 1988 television film based on the actual hijacking of TWA Flight 847 as seen through the eyes of Uli Derickson, the chief flight attendant. Derickson herself acted as a consultant for the film. The film was directed by Paul Wendkos.[1]
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Nominations
4 References
5 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Print ad showing the original broadcast title
The film showcases the first 48 hours of the hijacking, until Derickson's liberation. After the aircraft leaves Athens, Derickson is forced at gunpoint to the flight deck door by "Castro", one of the terrorists. She is able to defuse the situation by communicating with him in German, convincing him to release hostages upon landing in Beirut and Algiers and pleading for the other hijacker to stop harming the passengers. Her efforts are shown to save the lives of all but one hostage, Robert Stethem, whose body was thrown on the tarmac in Beirut.
Cast[edit]
Lindsay Wagner — Uli Derickson (Chief Flight Attendant)
Eli Danker — "Castro" (Lead hijacker; based on Mohammed Ali Hammadi, real life hijacker of TWA 847)
Sandy McPeak — John Testrake (Captain)
Ray Wise — Phil Maresca (First Officer)
Leslie Easterbrook — Audrey (Flight Attendant)
Laurie Walters — Jane (Flight Attendant)
Joseph Nasser — Saiid (Hijacker)
Steven Eckholdt — Robert Stethem (U.S. Navy Diver)
Nominations[edit]
In 1988, at the 40th Primetime Emmy Awards, the film was nominated for five Emmys: Outstanding Television Movie; Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special; Outstanding Makeup for a Limited Series or Movie (Non-Prosthetic); Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Limited Series or Movie; and Outstanding Sound Editing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story". Turner Classic Movies. Atlanta: Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner). Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Emmys.com list of 1988 Nominees & Winners
External links[edit]
The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story on IMDb
airodyssey.net Movie Review
Uli Derickson - Legacy of Courage
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Films directed by Paul Wendkos
The Burglar (1957)
The Case Against Brooklyn (1958)
Bitter Harvest (1958) (TV)
Tarawa Beachhead (1958)
Gidget (1959)
Face of a Fugitive (1959)
Battle of the Coral Sea (1959)
Because They're Young (1960)
Angel Baby (1961)
Gidget Goes Hawaiian (1961)
Gidget Goes to Rome (1963)
Johnny Tiger (1966)
Attack on the Iron Coast (1968)
Fear No Evil (1969)
Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969)
Hell Boats (1970)
The Brotherhood of the Bell (1970)
Cannon for Cordoba (1970)
The Mephisto Waltz (1971)
A Little Game (1971)
A Death of Innocence (1971)
Haunts of the Very Rich (1972)
The Strangers in 7A (1972)
The Legend of Lizzie Borden (1975)
Special Delivery (1976)
The Death of Richie (1977)
A Woman Called Moses (1978)
The Bad Seed (1985)
Blood Vows: The Story of a Mafia Wife (1987)
Right to Die (1987)
The Taking of Flight 847: The Uli Derickson Story (1988)
The Great Escape II: The Untold Story (1988)
Cross of Fire (1989)
Blind Faith (1990)
The Chase (1991)
White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of Thelma Todd (1991)
A Match Made in Heaven (1997)
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1988 television films
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