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2011 FA Cup Final
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2011 FA Cup Final
The match programme cover.
Event
2010–11 FA Cup
Manchester City
Stoke City
1
0
Date
14 May 2011
Venue
Wembley Stadium, London
Man of the Match
Mario Balotelli (Manchester City)[1]
Referee
Martin Atkinson (West Yorkshire)[2]
Attendance
88,643[3]
Weather
Sunny
17 °C (63 °F)
← 2010
2012 →
The 2011 FA Cup Final was the 130th final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest domestic football cup competition.[4][5] The final took place on 14 May 2011 at Wembley Stadium in London in front of 88,643 spectators and a British television audience of more than eight million.[6][7] The clubs contesting the final were Premier League clubs Manchester City and Stoke City. The match was Stoke City's first FA Cup final, and Manchester City's ninth.
As Premier League clubs, they entered the competition in the third round. Manchester City made an unconvincing start, contesting two replays against lower league opposition in the third and fourth rounds but gained momentum and kept three consecutive clean sheets en route to the final. Stoke City played one replay in the third round, before beating all opponents in a run which culminated in a 5–0 victory over Bolton Wanderers in the semi-final at Wembley Stadium – the biggest winning margin at Wembley since 1939.[8] Manchester City entered the final as favourites,[9] with Stoke City as underdogs.[10]
Manchester City began the match the brighter of the two teams with the majority of possession and a number of shots forcing saves from goalkeeper Thomas Sørensen but the first half remained goalless. Stoke improved after the half-time interval but failed to score from their only shot on target in the 62nd minute, which was saved by goalkeeper Joe Hart after a one-on-one with striker Kenwyne Jones. In the 74th minute, Manchester City midfielder, Yaya Touré fired a loose ball in the Stoke City penalty area past goalkeeper Sørensen to give Manchester City the lead. Stoke attempted to equalise after Manchester City's goal without success and the final finished 1–0 with Manchester City claiming their fifth FA Cup.[11] The result gave Manchester City their first major trophy for 35 years, ending the longest trophy drought in the club's history.[3][12] Stoke City manager Tony Pulis said "Manchester City were the better team and deserved to win",[13] but expressed "disappointment" at his team's display.[13] Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini dedicated the victory to the Manchester City supporters, declaring, "I am happy for the fans, they deserved to win this Cup. For a long time they didn't win."[14]
The medals were handed out by Prime Minister David Cameron. As winners, Manchester City won a place in the 2011 FA Community Shield and the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League but as they had already qualified for the UEFA Champions League via their league position, the Europa League place was given to Stoke City as runners-up. To celebrate their victory, Manchester City held an open-top bus parade on 23 May 2011, beginning at Manchester Town Hall and ending at the City of Manchester Stadium; it attracted a crowd of up to 100,000.[15][16]
Contents
[hide]
1 Route to the final
1.1 Manchester City
1.2 Stoke City
2 Pre-match
3 Match
3.1 Report
3.2 Details
4 Post-match
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Route to the final[edit]
See also: 2010–11 FA Cup
Manchester City[edit]
After the semi-final against Manchester United, which Manchester City won 1–0 to secure a place in the 2011 final.
As a Premier League team, Manchester City entered the competition in the third round. Their opening match was an away draw at Leicester City. Following a supporter campaign, Manchester City dedicated the match to former striker Neil Young, who was terminally ill.[17] Young scored the winning goal when Manchester City and Leicester City met in the 1969 FA Cup Final.[18] Manchester City fell behind after 46 seconds when Sol Bamba scored for Leicester following a corner. Manchester City took the lead by half-time through James Milner and Carlos Tevez, but Andy King equalised midway through the second half to make the score 2–2.[19] The tie was replayed at the City of Manchester Stadium the following week. Tevez gave Manchester City the lead after quarter of an hour, but the lead was brief. Four minutes later, Paul Gallagher's penalty levelled the score, after Patrick Vieira had fouled Lloyd Dyer.[20] Before half-time, two Manchester City goals in 90 seconds shifted the momentum of the match. In the second half, Tevez missed a penalty and a goal by Dyer made the score 3–2. Leicester then pushed for an equaliser, but instead Aleksandar Kolarov scored on a counter-attack to make the final score 4–2.[21]
Round
Opposition
Score
3rd
Replay Leicester City (A)
Leicester City (H) 2–2
4–2
4th
Replay Notts County (A)
Notts County (H) 1–1
5–0
5th Aston Villa (H) 3–0
6th Reading (H) 1–0
Semi-final Manchester United (N) 1–0
For the fourth round Manchester City were drawn against League One Notts County at Meadow Lane. On a pitch described by the BBC as "pudding-like", lower division County threatened an upset when Neal Bishop scored from a corner in the 59th minute.[22] However, ten minutes from time Micah Richards crossed for Edin Džeko to score his first Manchester City goal, ensuring a replay at the City of Manchester Stadium.[23] Notts County started the rematch brightly, but faded as the game progressed. The score remained 0–0 for most of the first half, but Vieira scored either side of half-time to give Manchester City a two-goal lead.[24] From that point, the match proved less even, and Manchester City scored three more goals for a 5–0 win.[25] From there on, City kept consecutive clean sheets on the way to winning the cup. Manchester City's fifth round match was against Aston Villa at the City of Manchester Stadium. Villa manager Gérard Houllier rested several senior players, in contrast to a near full-strength Manchester City line-up.[26] Manchester City took the lead after less than five minutes through Yaya Touré, and further goals from Mario Balotelli and David Silva resulted in a comfortable 3–0 win.[27]
In the sixth round, Manchester City were again at home, and faced Reading, the only non-Premier League team left in the competition.[28] Micah Richards scored the only goal, a header from a corner in the 73rd minute.[29] In the semi-final, at Wembley Stadium, City defeated rivals Manchester United 1–0 with a Yaya Touré goal,[30] and continued their FA Cup semi-final record of nine victories out of 11, reaching the FA Cup Final for the first time since 1981.
Stoke City[edit]
Round
Opposition
Score
3rd
Replay Cardiff City (H)
Cardiff City (A) 1–1
2–0 (aet)
4th Wolverhampton Wanderers (A) 0–1
5th Brighton & Hove Albion (H) 3–0
6th West Ham United (H) 2–1
Semi-final Bolton Wanderers (N) 5–0
Stoke are also a Premier League side and thus entered the competition at the third round stage, where they were drawn at home to Welsh side Cardiff City. Stoke City made seven changes to the team that played their previous match.[31] Michael Chopra gave Cardiff an early lead, but Stoke's Tuncay Şanlı levelled the score just before half time. Stoke had a number of chances in the later stages of the match, but Cardiff held out for a replay.[32] In the replay at the Cardiff City Stadium Stoke again used several reserves, changing all but one of the players from the previous league match.[33] Few chances occurred during the game; the score was 0–0 after 90 minutes, prompting extra time.[34] In the added period, Jonathan Walters scored twice to secure a 2–0 Stoke City win; the first goal was a header from a corner,[34] the second a near-post rebound.[33] Stoke City then travelled to fellow Midlands team Wolverhampton Wanderers for the fourth round, in one of five all-Premier League ties.[35] Stoke defender Robert Huth was a central figure in the match. Ten minutes from time he gave Stoke a 1–0 lead with a header from a free-kick,[36] but in the final minute he conceded a penalty for tripping Nenad Milijaš. Milijaš took the spot-kick himself, but his effort was saved by Thomas Sørensen.[37]
Stoke's fifth round match was at home against League One leaders Brighton & Hove Albion. Three first half goals by John Carew, Jonathan Walters, Ryan Shawcross led Stoke to a 3–0 win.[38] Stoke then faced West Ham United in the sixth round. Stoke scored an early goal from a set-piece, when long throw-in specialist Rory Delap delivered the ball into the penalty area for Huth to score with a header.[39] Controversial refereeing decisions then provoked the ire of both teams. When Frédéric Piquionne equalised for West Ham, the decision to award the goal infuriated Stoke; in controlling the ball Piquionne committed what Stoke manager Tony Pulis called a "stonewall" handball.[40] West Ham themselves felt aggrieved in the first minute of the second half when Stoke were awarded a penalty. Matthew Etherington was adjudged to have been fouled by Scott Parker though, as the BBC correspondent wrote, "there appeared to be minimal contact".[41] Robert Green saved Etherington's penalty to keep the score level. The winning goal also came from a set piece. Danny Higginbotham's free-kick was reached by Green but could not be stopped, and Stoke won 2–1 to reach the semi-finals for the first time since 1972.[41] In the semi-final, Stoke beat Bolton Wanderers comfortably, winning 5–0. Stoke took a three-goal lead in less than half an hour after goals from Etherington, Huth and Kenwyne Jones. Walters scored twice in the second half to complete the win. The margin of victory was the biggest in an FA Cup semi-final since 1939,[42] and secured Stoke's first ever FA Cup Final appearance.[43] By reaching the final, Stoke qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League before the final, as Manchester City had beat Tottenham days before the final to secure fourth position in the Premier League and consequently Champions League qualification.[44]
Pre-match[edit]
The pre-match rendition of Abide with Me.
Manchester City were appearing in the final for the ninth time. They had won the cup four times previously (in 1904, 1934, 1956 and 1969), and had been beaten in the final four times (in 1926, 1933, 1955 and 1981). Stoke City were making their first appearance in the final. Their previous best was participation in the semi-finals, which had occurred three times.[45]
The 2011 final faced scheduling problems and the match clashed with top flight League fixtures for the first time since 1934, which disappointed football traditionalists.[46] The 2011 UEFA Champions League Final was being hosted at Wembley on 28 May 2011 and UEFA rules stipulate that the host stadium for the final must not have a fixture played two weeks prior to the final. Therefore, the FA Cup final had to be moved forward, and for the first time since 1989 was played before the English football domestic season ended.
The teams line up before the match with Stoke City in red-and-white stripes and Manchester City in sky blue.
Many of the weekend's Premier League fixtures were rescheduled to avoid a clash with the final, with some kicking off at 12:45 on Saturday and others on Sunday.[46][47] By coincidence, Manchester City and Stoke City were scheduled to meet in the league on cup final day. The league match was rearranged for the Wednesday after the final. This prompted criticism from Tottenham Hotspur manager Harry Redknapp, whose team was challenging Manchester City for a place in the 2011–12 Champions League. Redknapp stated that if Manchester City won the final, it would then be in Stoke City's interest to lose against Manchester City in the league match, as it would make Europa League qualification for Stoke more likely.[48] Stoke City refuted this accusation strongly,[49] but ultimately this scenario was avoided. Champions League qualification was settled four days before the final, when Manchester City beat Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 in a league match.[50]
Both clubs received an allocation of approximately 25,000 tickets,[51] fewer than the 32,000 received for the semi-finals. The allocation was enough for the 21,000 Stoke City season ticket holders, but not for Manchester City's 36,000 season ticket holders.[52] Consequently, some supporters felt aggrieved at the lack of tickets,[53][54] including Stoke City chairman Peter Coates who expressed his disappointment and suggested an allocation in the region of 30,000 for both clubs.[55] Ticket prices for the final exceeded £100 for the first time. The most expensive tickets cost £115,[56] an increase of 22 per cent on the previous season. The cheapest tickets available at £45, up £5 from 2010.[51]
As for every match in the 2010–11 FA Cup, the ball for the final was provided by Nike-owned, Manchester-based sports equipment company Umbro. The Umbro Neo Pro features a 14-panel design, and is patterned in blue and red.[57] The majority of the balls to be used in the game arrived on the previous Wednesday, while the ball to be used at kick-off was delivered to the stadium on the day of the game.[57]
The traditional Cup Final hymn, "Abide with Me", was sung by Tenors Unlimited, a trio of male vocalists, and former X Factor contestant Stacey Solomon performed the national anthem, "God Save the Queen".[58]
Match[edit]
Match statistics[3]
Manchester City
Stoke City
Goals scored 1 0
Total shots 23 9
Shots on target 14 1
Ball possession 59% 41%
Corner kicks 8 2
Fouls committed 14 9
Yellow cards 0 2
Red cards 0 0
Stoke City went into their first FA Cup Final as underdogs according to their manager Tony Pulis,[10] while Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini saw in-form Stoke's underdog tag as a risk for complacency from his side.[59] There were fitness doubts over key players for both teams, Carlos Tevez for Manchester City,[60] and Matthew Etherington for Stoke City, who suffered a hamstring tear only 17 days prior to the final,[61] but both were able to start the match. However, Stoke City's underdog tag proved true as Mancini's Manchester City side had the better of the match, with a 59 per cent share of ball possession and 23 attempts on goal to Stoke City's nine, only one of which was on target.
Both teams were able to play in their respective home colours without any colour clash: Stoke City played in their red-and-white stripes, and Manchester City played in their sky blue colours with the Manchester coat of arms on their shirt numbers, keeping up a long-standing club tradition of wearing the city's coat of arms for cup finals.[62]
Report[edit]
Manchester City set up in a 4–2–3–1 formation,[63] with Mario Balotelli, David Silva and Yaya Touré playing behind lone striker Carlos Tevez, and Nigel de Jong and Gareth Barry in defensive midfield roles.[64] Stoke City set up in a rigid 4–4–2 formation, with two wingers in Jermaine Pennant and Matthew Etherington[65] to support strikers Kenwyne Jones and Jonathan Walters.[64]
Manchester City started sprightly, managing to create some chances which forced saves from Stoke goalkeeper Thomas Sørensen and steady defending to keep Stoke City in the game in the first half. Yaya Touré unleashed a 30-yard strike in the 11th minute which went only inches wide of the top corner of the goal,[66] while Mario Balotelli had a curling shot from the corner of the penalty area in the 24th minute which was destined for the goal but for a strong, one-handed save from Sørensen.[66]
Stoke improved after the break, but Manchester City had a key opportunity in the 56th minute when a counter-attack led by Carlos Tevez, who drifted out to the right flank, allowed David Silva to find space outside the Stoke City penalty area as the Stoke defence vanished. Tevez managed to pass to Silva, but Silva was guilty of over-elaboration instead of shooting first-time, and the Stoke City defence managed to regroup, dispossessing Silva before he could adjust himself to shoot at goal.[66]
Only six minutes later, in the 62nd minute,[66] Stoke had their key chance and only shot on target of the match with Kenwyne Jones in the 61st minute. A looping ball over the top of the Manchester City defence by Matthew Etherington allowed Jones a one-on-one, but he failed to convert, firing straight at goalkeeper Joe Hart with the ball ricocheting off both striker and keeper before bobbling to safety. Doubts over Matthew Etherington's fitness resurfaced when he was taken off in the 63rd minute,[67] with Stoke City still in the game at 0–0 as it stood.
However, in the 74th minute,[66] Sørensen was powerless to prevent Yaya Touré's effort from ten yards when he pounced on a stray ball in the penalty area to thrash his thunderous shot with his left foot past Sørensen in front of the travelling thousands of Manchester City supporters. Stoke City attempted to get a goal back, resorting to direct long balls into the Manchester City penalty area but struggled to create any concrete chances. Despite Yaya Touré clinching the winning goal, enigmatic striker Mario Balotelli – who claimed he had a "shit" season in a post-match interview[68] – was named man of the match for his efforts.[63]
Details[edit]
14 May 201115:00 BST
Manchester City
1–0
Stoke City
Y. Touré 74' Report
[69]
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 88,643[3]
Referee: Martin Atkinson (West Yorkshire)[2]
Manchester City
Stoke City
GK 25 Joe Hart
RB 2 Micah Richards
CB 4 Vincent Kompany
CB 19 Joleon Lescott
LB 13 Aleksandar Kolarov
DM 34 Nigel de Jong
DM 18 Gareth Barry 73'
CM 42 Yaya Touré
RW 21 David Silva 90'
LW 45 Mario Balotelli
CF 32 Carlos Tevez (c) 88'
Substitutes:
GK 1 Shay Given
DF 5 Pablo Zabaleta 88'
DF 38 Dedryck Boyata
MF 7 James Milner
MF 11 Adam Johnson 73'
MF 24 Patrick Vieira 90'
FW 10 Edin Džeko
Manager:
Roberto Mancini
GK 29 Thomas Sørensen
RB 28 Andy Wilkinson 76'
CB 17 Ryan Shawcross (c)
CB 4 Robert Huth 40'
LB 12 Marc Wilson
RM 16 Jermaine Pennant
CM 6 Glenn Whelan 85'
CM 24 Rory Delap 81'
LM 26 Matthew Etherington 62'
CF 9 Kenwyne Jones
CF 19 Jonathan Walters
Substitutes:
GK 27 Carlo Nash
DF 5 Danny Collins
DF 25 Abdoulaye Faye
MF 14 Danny Pugh 85'
MF 15 Salif Diao
MF 18 Dean Whitehead 62'
FW 22 John Carew 81'
Manager:
Tony Pulis
Man of the match
Mario Balotelli (Manchester City)[1]
Match officials
Assistant referees:
Adam Watts (Worcestershire)[2]
Simon Beck (Bedfordshire)[2]
Fourth official: Lee Probert (Wiltshire)[2]
Reserve official: Jake Collin (Merseyside)[2]
Match rules
90 minutes.
30 minutes of extra-time if necessary.
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level.
Seven named substitutes.
Maximum of three substitutions.
Post-match[edit]
The Manchester City team celebrating winning the FA Cup
Tony Pulis commented after the game that "Manchester City were the better team" and that "they deserved to win the game",[13] while Roberto Mancini dedicated the victory to the Manchester City supporters.[14] Pundits Graham Taylor and Mark Lawrenson agreed that Manchester City deserved to win but expressed disappointment at Stoke City's under-par performance in the final.[70]
As President of the FA since 2006, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge is a frequent guest of honour at the FA Cup final, attending the 2007 and 2010 finals, but his recent marriage to Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge meant he could not attend.[71] Instead, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron awarded the medals to individual players at Wembley Stadium.[72] Presenting the trophy was British Army Corporal Mark Ward, a lifelong Manchester City supporter who served in Afghanistan and whose bravery was rewarded with the Military Cross.[73] Corporal Ward presented the trophy to the winning captain, Carlos Tevez, after the game.[74]
Manchester City's victory set up a Community Shield match against rivals Manchester United – who City had beaten in the semi-finals – after United clinched the Premier League shortly before kick-off in the Final. The FA Cup winners are usually awarded qualification for the UEFA Europa League, but because Manchester City qualified for the UEFA Champions League via their league position, the Europa League place was passed to Stoke City as runners-up. In the 2011 FA Community Shield match in August, the FA Cup winners Manchester City lost 3–2 to Manchester United after creating a 2–0 lead at half time.[75]
Manchester United winning the 2010–11 Premier League title earlier in the day meant double pride for Manchester as its teams claimed both of English football's blue ribbon competitions.[76][77] Some football pundits debated whether the joint win – along with City's qualification for the Champions League – would mark the start of new era similar to the late 1960s when both City and United dominated English football; during that period, both clubs won the league championship once, with United winning the European Cup and City winning the FA Cup, League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup within four years.[78] The '35 years' banner that had stood at Old Trafford, home of Manchester United which referenced to Manchester City's long trophy drought, was taken down in recognition of City's victory.[79]
The victory parade reaches Portland Street.
The match was broadcast live in the United Kingdom by both ITV and ESPN, with ITV providing the free-to-air coverage and ESPN being the pay-TV alternative. Television viewing figures were collated after the final, with a peak of 8.5 million viewers recorded across both channels.[6] ITV held the majority of the viewership, with a peak audience of 8.1 million during the last 30 minutes of the final and averaged at 6.68 million,[80] their highest viewing figures for an FA Cup since the competition moved to ITV from the BBC in 2009.[6] The pay-to-view alternative ESPN averaged 412,000 viewers throughout the day with a peak of 476,000.[81]
Manchester City and Stoke City had been scheduled to play in a Premier League fixture on the day of the FA Cup Final, but instead the match had to be moved to the following Tuesday,[82] making it the last mid-week game of the Premier League season, a match Manchester City won, 3–0.[83] Despite it being Manchester City's final home game of the season, they postponed their homecoming celebrations until the post-season out of respect for the opposition.[84]
Manchester City elected not to parade the trophy at the match as they did not wish to be seen as 'crass' in front of the visiting Stoke City supporters.[85] Instead, Manchester City were invited by Manchester City Council to host an open-top bus parade through the City of Manchester in celebration of their victory. The parade took place on 23 May 2011 and began at 18:00 starting at Albert Square outside Manchester Town Hall where 10,000 people were present to see the team set off on the bus parade with various streets of the city centre closed by 12:00 in preparation for the parade.[86] The open-top bus then travelled out of Manchester city centre via Princess Street, Portland Street, Piccadilly Gardens, Newton Street on onto Great Ancoats Street.[87] The parade finally reached Ashton New Road where thousands supporters were waiting at the gates of the City of Manchester Stadium to welcome the team home. The parade culminated in a special reception at the stadium, where 40,000 who claimed free tickets for the event were waiting.[88] Greater Manchester Police estimated that the parade attracted a crowd in excess of 100,000.[89]
See also[edit]
2011 Football League Cup Final
2011 FA Trophy Final
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Jump up ^ Spinks, Martin (20 April 2011). "Stoke City: Coates calls for increased allocations for FA Cup final". The Sentinel. Staffordshire Sentinel News and Media. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Barlow, Matt (15 April 2011). "Final insult for fans as Cup ticket prices for Wembley rocket to an astonishing £115". Mail Online. Associated Newspapers. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cup Final balls arrive at Wembley". TheFA.com. The Football Association. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Solomon to perform at Wembley". TheFA.com. The Football Association. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Roberto Mancini wary of Stoke FA Cup final threat". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Stone, Simon (5 May 2011). "Carlos Tevez losing FA Cup final fitness battle". independent.co.uk. Independent Print. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Stoke's Matthew Etherington has scan on hamstring injury as he faces final countdown to be fit for FA Cup final". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Aaron (12 May 2011). "City inspired by the past ahead of the FA Cup Final". blog.umbro.com. Umbro. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilson, Jeremy (14 May 2011). "Manchester City striker Mario Balotelli shows maturity in FA Cup final as he gives man-of-the-match display". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Manchester City vs Stoke City – Team line-up & ratings". Eurosport. Yahoo!. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Pleat, David (13 May 2011). "Manchester City must counter Stoke's wingers as well as long throws". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gibbs, Thom (14 May 2011). "FA Cup final 2011: Manchester City v Stoke City live". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Etherington firm over fitness". Sky Sports. BSkyB. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (14 May 2011). "Roberto Mancini targets league title after 'small piece of history'". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "The FA Cup sponsored by E.ON 2011 Final – Manchester City v Stoke City" (PDF). TheFA.com. The Football Association. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Graham; Lawrenson, Mark (14 May 2011). "BBC pundits on Man City-Stoke FA Cup final". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Misery for fans ahead of FA Cup final as ticket prices rocket by 22 per cent". Mail Online. Associated Newspapers. 14 April 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "David Cameron to attend "magical" Cup Final". TheFA.com. The Football Association. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Corporal Ward is Guest of Honour". TheFA.com. The Football Association. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Courageous' soldier Mark Ward to present FA Cup". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Bevan, Chris (7 August 2011). "Man City 2–3 Man Utd". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manchester revels in FA Cup final & Premier League joy". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Ronay, Barney (14 May 2011). "Manchester mash-up pits Sky bombast against ITV sepia in a purple haze". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Spall, Leo (18 May 2011). "Capital clubs should be worried as Manchester City march on". Mail Online. Associated Newspapers. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manchester United take down '35 years' banner at Old Trafford after City's FA Cup win". Manchester Evening News. MEN Media. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Millar, Paul (15 May 2011). "Eurovision TV ratings reach 11-year high". digitalspy.co.uk. Digital Spy. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cup Final viewing figures". TheFA.com. The Football Association. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Chris (16 April 2011). "City move Stoke home clash". mcfc.co.uk. Manchester City FC. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (17 May 2011). "Carlos Tevez keeps scoring as Manchester City beat Stoke to go third". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Winter, Henry (17 May 2011). "Manchester City 3 Stoke City 0: match report". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Manchester City FA Cup victory parade to leave Albert Square at 6pm next Monday, 23 May". Manchester Evening News. MEN Media. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Bass, Rosie (14 May 2011). "23 May will be Blue Moon-day". mcfc.co.uk. Manchester City FC. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manchester City's victory FA Cup parade route revealed". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Keegan, Mike (20 May 2011). "Noel Gallagher and Badly Drawn Boy lined up for Manchester City bash". Manchester Evening News. MEN Media. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Linton, Deborah; Scheerhout, John (23 May 2011). "Blue Monday: Boom for Manchester as 100,000 set to celebrate at City's FA Cup parade". Manchester Evening News. MEN Media. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FA Cup Final 2011.
Manchester City 1 vs Stoke City 0 – Match report on the 2011 FA Cup Final – BBC Sport
The 2011 FA Cup final: Manchester City v Stoke City – as it happened – The Guardian
Match Highlights on YouTube
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Social control
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Social control theory.
Signs warning of prohibited activities; an example of a social control
Social control is a concept within the disciplines of the social sciences.[1]
Sociologists identify two basic forms of social control:
Informal means of control – Internalization of norms and values by a process known as socialization, which is defined as "the process by which an individual, born with behavioral potentialities of enormously wide range, is led to develop actual behavior which is confined to the narrower range of what is acceptable for him by the group standards".[2]
Formal means of social control – External sanctions enforced by government to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie in society. Some theorists, such as Émile Durkheim, refer to this form of control as regulation.
As briefly defined above, the means to enforce social control can be either informal or formal.[3] Sociologist Edward A. Ross argues that belief systems exert a greater control on human behavior than laws imposed by government, no matter what form the beliefs take.[4]
Social control is considered to be one of the foundations of order within society.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition of the concept
2 Informal
2.1 Social values
2.2 Sanctions
2.3 Reward and punishment
2.4 Theoretical bias within the modern media
3 Formal
3.1 Historically
3.2 Techniques
3.2.1 Broken windows theory in the United States
4 Recent developments
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Definition of the concept[edit]
Roodenburg identifies the concept of social control as a classical concept.[6]
While the concept of social control has been around since the formation of organized sociology, the meaning has been altered over time. Originally, the concept simply referred to society's ability to regulate itself.[7] However, in the 1930s, the term took on its more modern meaning of an individual's conversion to conformity.[7] Social control theory began to be studied as a separate field in the early 20th century.
The concept of social control is related to another concept, which is the notion of social order. Social control is a thing which is identified as existing in the following areas of society:[1]
The education system
Policing and the law
Psychiatry
Social work
The welfare state
The working environment
Informal[edit]
Social values[edit]
The social values present in individuals are products of informal social control, exercised implicitly by a society through particular customs, norms, and mores. Individuals internalize the values of their society, whether conscious or not of the indoctrination. Traditional society relies mostly on informal social control embedded in its customary culture to socialize its members.
Sanctions[edit]
Informal sanctions may include shame, ridicule, sarcasm, criticism, and disapproval, which can cause an individual to stray towards the social norms of the society. In extreme cases sanctions may include social discrimination and exclusion. Informal social control usually has more effect on individuals because the social values become internalized, thus becoming an aspect of the individual's personality.
Informal sanctions check 'deviant' behavior. An example of a negative sanction comes from a scene in the Pink Floyd film The Wall, whereby the young protagonist is ridiculed and verbally abused by a high school teacher for writing poetry in a mathematics class. Another example from the movie About a Boy, when a young boy hesitates to jump from a high springboard and is ridiculed for his fear. Though he eventually jumps, his behavior is controlled by shame.[8]
Reward and punishment[edit]
See also: Mesolimbic pathway and Reward system
Informal controls reward or punish acceptable or unacceptable behavior (i.e., deviance) and are varied from individual to individual, group to group, and society to society. For example, at a Women's Institute meeting, a disapproving look might convey the message that it is inappropriate to flirt with the minister. In a criminal gang, on the other hand, a stronger sanction applies in the case of someone threatening to inform to the police of illegal activity.[9]
Theoretical bias within the modern media[edit]
Theorists such as Noam Chomsky have argued that systemic bias exists in the modern media.[10] The marketing, advertising, and public relations industries have thus been said to utilize mass communications to aid the interests of certain political and business elites. Powerful ideological, economic and religious lobbyists have often used school systems and centralized electronic communications to influence public opinion.
Formal[edit]
Historically[edit]
Social control developed together with civilization, as a rational measure against the uncontrollable forces of nature, which tribal organisations were at prey to, within archaic tribal societies.[11]
Rulers have legitimately used torture as a means of mind control as well as murder, imprisonment and exile to remove from public space anyone the state authorities deemed to be undesirable.
During the Age of Enlightenment harsh penalties for crimes and civil disobedience were criticized by philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham whose work inspired reform movements which eventually led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 which informs most western jurisdictions and the similar Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam in 1990.
The word crime became part of the vocabulary of the English language via Old French, during the Middle Ages, and within the Middle English of the language.[12]
In history, religion was a factor which provided moral influence on the community and each person, providing an internal locus of control oriented toward a morality, so that each person was empowered to have a degree of control over themselves within society. As Auguste Comte instituted sociology (1830-1842), already certain thinkers had predicted the discontinuation of a perceived false consciousness intrinsic to religious belief. Nevertheless, within the twentieth century, religion was presumed by social scientists to be still a principal factor of social control.[13]
Comte and those preceding him were breathing the air of a revolution which occurred during the latter parts of the eighteenth century (French Revolution) to bring about a so-called enlightened way of being in society, and which brought about a new liberty for the individual, without the constraints of an over-seeing aristocracy.[14]
In the context social control through penal and correctional services, the rehabilatative ideal (Francis Allen 1964) is a key idea formed within the 20th century, the first principle of which is behavior has as a first cause, things which happened before ("Human behaviour is a product of antecedent causes").[15] The idea was later thought to have less relevancy to the philosophy and exaction or execution of correctional measures, at least according to a 2007 publication (and elsewhere).[16]
Techniques[edit]
Law is a technique used for the purposes of social control.[17] For example, there are certain laws regarding appropriate sexual relationships and these are largely based on societal values. Historically, homosexuality has been criminalised. In modern times, this is no longer an offence and this is due to shifts in society's values. Howerever, there are still laws regarding age of consent and incest, as these are still deemed as issues in society that require means of control.[18]
A mechanism of social control occurs through the use of selective incentives.[19] Selective incentives are private goods,[20] which are gifts or services,[21] made available to people depending on whether they do or don't contribute to the good of a group, collective, or the common good. If people do contribute, they are rewarded, if they don't they are punished. Mancur Olson gave rise to the concept in its first instance (c.f. The Logic of Collective Action).[20]
Oberschall, in his work, identifies three elements to the pragmatics of social control as they exist in our current society. These are, confrontational control, such as riot control and crowd control, preventative measures to deter non-normal behaviors, which is legislation outlining expected boundaries for behavior, and measures complementary to preventative measures, which amount to punishment of criminal offences.[22]
Park exclusion orders (prohibiting individuals from frequenting one, some, or all of the parks in a city for an extended period of time due to a previous infraction), trespass laws (privatizing areas generally thought of as public in order for the police to choose which individuals to interrogate), and off-limit orders (Stay Out of Drug Areas (SODA) and Stay Out of Areas of Prostitution (SOAP) which obstructs access to these spaces) are just a few of the new social control techniques employed by cities to displace certain individuals to the margins of society.[23] Several common themes are apparent in each of these control mechanisms. The first is the ability to spatially constrain individuals in their own city. Defying any of the above statutes is a criminal offense resulting in possible incarceration.[23] Although not all individuals subjected to an exclusion order will abide to it, these individuals are, at the very least, spatially hindered through decreased mobility and freedom throughout the city.[24] This spatial constrain on individuals leads to a serious disruption and interference of their lives. Homeless individuals generally frequent parks since the area provides benches for sleeping, public washrooms, occasional public services, and an overall sense of security by being near others in similar conditions. Privatizing areas such as libraries, public transportation systems, college campuses, and commercial establishments that are generally public gives the police permission to remove individuals as they see fit, even if the individual has ethical intent in the space. Off-limit orders attempting to keep drug addicts, prostitutes, and others out of concentrated areas of drug and sex crimes commonly restricts these individuals' ability to seek social services beneficial to rehabilitation, since these services are often located within the SODA and SOAP territories.[24]
Broken windows theory in the United States[edit]
In the United States, early societies were able to easily expel individuals deemed undesirable from public space through vagrancy laws and other forms of banishment. In the 1960s and 1970s, however, these exclusion orders were denounced as unconstitutional in America[25] and consequently were rejected by the US Supreme Court.[23] The introduction of broken windows theory in the 1980s generated a dramatic transformation in the concepts used in forming policies in order to circumvent the previous issue of unconstitutionality.[26] According to the theory, the environment of a particular space signals its health to the public, including to potential vandals. By maintaining an organized environment, individuals are dissuaded from causing disarray in that particular location. However, environments filled with disorder, such as broken windows or graffiti, indicate an inability for the neighborhood to supervise itself, therefore leading to an increase in criminal activity.[27] Instead of focusing on the built environment, policies substantiated by the Broken Windows Theory overwhelmingly emphasize undesirable human behavior as the environmental disorder prompting further crime.[23] The civility laws, originating in the late 1980s and early 1990s, provide an example of the usage of this latter aspect of the Broken Windows Theory as legitimization for discriminating against individuals considered disorderly in order to increase the sense of security in urban spaces.[25] These civility laws effectively criminalize activities considered undesirable, such as sitting or lying on sidewalks, sleeping in parks, urinating or drinking in public, and begging,[24] in an attempt to force the individuals doing these and other activities to relocate to the margins of society.[23] Not surprisingly then, these restrictions disproportionally affect the homeless.[23]
Individuals are deemed undesirable in urban space because they do not fit into social norms, which causes unease for many residents of certain neighborhoods.[28] This fear has been deepened by the Broken Windows Theory and exploited in policies seeking to remove undesirables from visible areas of society.[27] In the post-industrial city, concerned primarily with retail, tourism, and the service sector,[23] the increasing pressure to create the image of a livable and orderly city has no doubt aided in the most recent forms of social control.[25] These new techniques involve even more intense attempts to spatially expel certain individuals from urban space since the police are entrusted with considerably more power to investigate individuals, based on suspicion rather than on definite evidence of illicit actions.[24]
Recent developments[edit]
In the decades prior to the end of the 1980s, an increased prevalence of the individual as a feature within society has caused a high number of new therapists to be established suggesting the use of therapy as a means of social control (Conrad & Scheider, 1980: Mechanic 1989).[29]
See also[edit]
Authority bias
Countercontrol
Criminal justice
Cybernetics
Guilt society
Informal social control
Mind control
Opinion corridor
Orwellian
Ostracism
Power (social and political)
Shame society
Social change
Social constructionism
Social engineering
Social relations
Speaking truth to power
Surveillance
Sociology of revolution
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b M. Innes. Understanding Social Control: Crime and Social Order in Late Modernity - Deviance, crime and social order. McGraw-Hill Education (UK) 1 Dec 2003, 176 pages, ISBN 0335209408. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
Jump up ^ Lindzey, Gardner (Ed), (1954). Handbook of social psychology. I. Theory and method. II. Special fields and applications. (2 vols)., (pp. II, 655-692). Oxford, England: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., xx, 1226 pp.
Jump up ^ Poore, S. Overview of Social Control Theories Archived 2007-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.. The Hewett School. Retrieved on: September 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ Ross, E.A. 2009 (1901). Social Control: Control A Survey of the Foundations of Order. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Jump up ^ E.A. Ross. text. published by Transaction Publishers 2009, ISBN 1412834279. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ H. Roodenburg. text. published by Ohio State University Press 2004, ISBN 0814209688. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Morris Janowitz (Jul 1975). "Sociological Theory and Social Control". American Journal of Sociology. The University of Chicago Press Article. 81 (1): 82–108. doi:10.1086/226035. JSTOR 2777055.
Jump up ^ Holland G., Skinner B. F. The Analysis of behaviour (The autoinstructing program). McGraw-Hill N. Y., 1961, Lesson 33.
Jump up ^ Livesay, Chris, "Informal Social Control", Culture and Identity, Sociology Central, retrieved 2007-09-08
Jump up ^ Chomsky, Noam; Herman, Edward (1988), Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, New York: Pantheon, ISBN 0-679-72034-0
Jump up ^ D.S. McIntosh. DOI: 10.2307/1952567 (p.619). published by The American Political Science Review September 1963. JSTOR 1952567.
Jump up ^ B. Hanawalt, D. Wallace. text. published by University of Minnesota Press 1999, ISBN 0816631697, Volume 16 of Medieval cultures. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ R. Stark, W.S. Bainbridge. text. published by Psychology Press 1996, 213 pages, ISBN 0415915295. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ G.S. Wood - text published by Oxford University Press September 26, 2009, 800 pages, ISBN 0199741093 Political Science [Retrieved 2015-11-29]
Jump up ^ T.G. Blomberg, K. Lucken. text. published by Transaction Publishers, December 31, 2011, 340 pages, Social Science. Retrieved 2015-11-30. term "Rehabilatative ideal" was sourced at Mona Lynch via search: social control within Google Scholar
Jump up ^ P. Senior, C. Crowther-Dowey, M. Long - text published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK), December 1st 2007, ISBN 0335235271 , Crime and Justice [Retrieved 2015-11-30]
Jump up ^ R. Pound. text. published by Transaction Publishers 1942 (reprint, revised), ISBN 1560009160, Powell lectures. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Jump up ^ "Roffee, James (2015). When Yes Actually Means Yes in Rape Justice. 72 - 91". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02.
Jump up ^ B. Janky, K. Takacs - Report published by CEU Political Science Journal September 1, 2010 [Retrieved 2015-12-04]
^ Jump up to: a b P. Oliver. Abstract. published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. January 14th, 2013, DOI: 10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm185. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ Harvard University Press - summary of The Logic of Collective Action Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, by Mancur Olson, Jr. Harvard Economic Studies 124 [Retrieved 2015-12-04]
Jump up ^ Anthony Oberschall. Social Movements: Ideologies, Interests, and Identities. Transaction Publishers 1995, 402 pages, ISBN 1412834368. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Beckett, Katherine and Steve Herbert. 2008. Dealing with disorder: Social control in the post-industrial city. Theoretical Criminology. 12: 5-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Beckett, Katherine and Steve Herbert. 2010. Penal boundaries: Banishment and the expansion of punishment. Law and Social Inquiry. 35: 1-38.
^ Jump up to: a b c Herbert, Steve and Katherine Beckett. 2009. Zoning out disorder: Assessing contemporary practices of urban social control. Studies in Law, Politics, and Society. 47: 1-25.
Jump up ^ Harcourt, Bernard and Jens Ludwig. 2005. Broken windows: New evidence from New York City and a five-city social experiment. The University of Chicago Law Review. 73: 271-320.
^ Jump up to: a b Ranasinghe, Prashan. 2010. Public disorder and its relation to the community-civility-consumption triad: A case study on the uses and users of contemporary urban public space. Urban Studies. 48: 1925-1943.
Jump up ^ England, Marcia. Stay out of drug areas: Drugs, othering, and regulation of public space in Seattle, Washington. Space and Polity. 12: 197-213.
Jump up ^ A.V. Horwitz - text published by Springer Science & Business Media, June 29th 2013, 290 pages, ISBN 148992230X , Psychology [Retrieved 2015-11-28]
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Social control
Deflem, Mathieu. 2018. “Social Control.” In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory, edited by Bryan S. Turner. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Deflem, Mathieu. 2015. "Deviance and Social Control." pp. 30–44 in The Handbook of Deviance, edited by Erich Goode. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
The Sociology of Social Control - Summary of ideas.
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List of most-followed Instagram accounts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Selena Gomez is the most followed individual on Instagram, with over 138 million followers.
This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram.[1] As of June 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 239 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 138 million followers.[2] Ten accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.
Contents
[hide]
1 Top accounts
1.1 All-time
1.2 By country
2 See also
3 References
Top accounts
All-time
The following table lists the top 25 most followed accounts on Instagram, with each total rounded to the nearest million followers, as well as the profession of each user and country of origin.[1]
Rank
Chg
Account name
Owner
Followers
(millions)
Profession
Country
1. @instagram Instagram 240 Social media platform USA
2. @selenagomez Selena Gomez 138 Musician and actress USA
3. @cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo 130 Footballer POR
4. @arianagrande Ariana Grande 122 Musician and actress USA
5. @beyonce Beyoncé 116 Musician and actress USA
6. @kimkardashian Kim Kardashian 113 Reality TV personality USA
7. @kyliejenner Kylie Jenner 110 Reality TV personality USA
8. @taylorswift Taylor Swift 109 Musician and actress USA
9. @therock Dwayne Johnson 108 Actor and professional wrestler USA
10. @justinbieber Justin Bieber 101 Musician CAN
11. @neymarjr Neymar 95 Footballer BRA
12. @leomessi Lionel Messi 94 Footballer ARG
13. @kendalljenner Kendall Jenner 92 Model USA
14. @natgeo National Geographic 89 Magazine USA
15. @nickiminaj Nicki Minaj 88 Musician TRI
16. @nike Nike 78 Sportswear multinational corporation USA
17. @khloekardashian Khloé Kardashian 77 Reality TV personality USA
18. @mileycyrus Miley Cyrus 76 Musician and actress USA
19. @jlo Jennifer Lopez 76 Musician and actress USA
20. @katyperry Katy Perry 71 Musician USA
21. @ddlovato Demi Lovato 68 Musician and actress USA
22. @kourtneykardash Kourtney Kardashian 64 Reality TV personality USA
23. @badgalriri Rihanna 63 Musician BAR
24. @victoriassecret Victoria's Secret 60 Lingerie retailer USA
25. @kevinhart4real Kevin Hart 60 Comedian USA
As of June 19, 2018[update]
By country
The following table lists the top 14 most followed accounts on Instagram by country of origin, with each total rounded to the nearest million followers, as well as the profession of each user.[1]
Rank
Chg
Country
Account name
Owner
Followers
(millions)
Profession
1. United States @instagram Instagram 239 Social media platform
2. Portugal @cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo 130 Footballer
3. Canada @justinbieber Justin Bieber 100 Musician
4. Brazil @neymarjr Neymar 95 Footballer
5. Argentina @leomessi Lionel Messi 94 Footballer
6. Trinidad and Tobago @nickiminaj Nicki Minaj 87 Musician
7. Barbados @badgalriri Rihanna 63 Musician
8. Spain @realmadrid Real Madrid C.F. 59 Football club
9. Colombia @shakira Shakira 48 Musician
10. United Kingdom @emmawatson Emma Watson 47 Actress
11. Hong Kong @9gag 9GAG 45 Social media platform
12. Sweden @iamzlatanibrahimovic Zlatan Ibrahimović 33 Footballer
13. France @chanelofficial Chanel 28 Clothing retailer
14. Uruguay @luissuarez9 Luis Suárez 27 Footballer
As of June 10, 2018[update]
See also
List of most-liked Instagram pictures
List of most-followed Twitter accounts
List of most-subscribed YouTube channels
List of most-viewed YouTube videos
List of most streamed artists on Spotify
List of most streamed songs on Spotify
References
^ Jump up to: a b c "Top 100 Instagram Users by Followers- Socialblade Instagram Stats - Instagram Statistics". Socialblade. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lenker, Maureen Lee (November 29, 2017). "Selena Gomez holds on to Instagram crown with most followers in 2017". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
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Paper
Poke (app)
Riff
Slingshot
Wirehog
People
Founders
Mark Zuckerberg (28% equity)
Dustin Moskovitz (7%)
Eduardo Saverin (5%, formerly)
Chris Hughes (1%, formerly)
Andrew McCollum
Board
Mark Zuckerberg
Jim Breyer (11%)
Peter Thiel (2%)
Sheryl Sandberg
Marc Andreessen
Erskine Bowles
Susan Desmond-Hellmann
Donald E. Graham
Reed Hastings
Executive
officers
Current
Mark Zuckerberg (Chairman and CEO)
Sheryl Sandberg (COO)
David Wehner (CFO)
Mike Schroepfer (CTO)
Former
Sean Parker (4%, formerly)
Owen Van Natta
Gideon Yu
Adam D'Angelo
Chris Kelly
Bret Taylor
David Ebersman
Notable
employees
Current
Chris Cox (VP of Product)
Elliot Schrage (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)
Lars Rasmussen (Graph Search director)
John Carmack (CTO of Oculus VR)
Hugo Barra (VP of Oculus VR)
Naomi Gleit (VP of social good)
Caryn Marooney (VP of Communications)
Former
Blake Ross (Director of Product)
Ted Ullyot (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)
Matt Cohler
Charlie Cheever
Randi Zuckerberg
Yishan Wong
George Hotz
Joe Lockhart
Andrei Alexandrescu (research scientist)
Open source
Apache Cassandra
Apache Hive
Apache Thrift
Buck
FQL
Hack
HHVM
HipHop for PHP
MyRocks
Open Compute Project
Phabricator
React
RocksDB
Scribe
Tornado (web server)
Mass media
The Facebook Effect
The Accidental Billionaires
The Social Network
Concepts
Activity stream
Social graph
Friending and following
Reblogging
Fan-gating
Facebook diplomacy
Facebook like button
Business
History
Timeline
Acquisitions
f8 conference
IPO
Censorship
Criticism
Cambridge Analytica data scandal
Litigation
Divisions
Facebook AI Research
Facebook Creative Labs
Related
Priscilla Chan (wife of Mark Zuckerberg)
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
Aquila Internet relay drone
Willow Village
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