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Nashville (season 6)
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Nashville (season 6)
Season 6 promotional poster
Starring
Hayden Panettiere
Clare Bowen
Chris Carmack
Charles Esten
Jonathan Jackson
Sam Palladio
Lennon Stella
Maisy Stella
Kaitlin Doubleday
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
16
Release
Original network
CMT
Original release
January 4 (2018-01-04) – July 26, 2018 (2018-07-26)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 5
List of Nashville episodes
The sixth and final season of the American television musical drama series Nashville, created by Callie Khouri, premiered on January 4, 2018, on CMT.[1][2] The season consisted of 16 episodes.[3]
Contents
1 Production
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Guest
2.4 Notes
3 Episodes
4 Ratings
4.1 Nielsen
4.2 TVLand
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
In April 2017, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a sixth season, with a 16-episode order.[4] In an interview following the fifth season finale, Marshall Herskovitz confirmed that actor Jeffrey Nordling would return as Jessie Caine's ex-husband Brad and that the new season would see the introduction of two new characters.[5] Filming began on September 27, 2017.[6] Five new major recurring cast members were announced in November 2017. On November 17, 2017, it was confirmed that it would be the series's final season.[1]
The sixth season premiere was available on Hulu in the evening hours of December 19, 2017, and removed 24 hours later.[7] Episodes aired an hour and two hours later on the Paramount Network and TV Land, following the initial airing on CMT.[8] TVLand discontinued reruns of the series after episode five, but returned for the second half of the season.[9][8]
The season, like season five, was aired in two parts with the final eight episodes airing in the summer.[10][11] The final eight episodes returned on June 7 and the season wrapped on July 26, 2018.[12]
The season wrap party was held on April 7, 2018.[13] Filming wrapped on the finale three days later.[14]
The series received $5.7 million in tax incentives from the state of Tennessee, the lowest of all seasons.[15]
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of Nashville cast members
Main[edit]
Hayden Panettiere as Juliette Barnes[a]
Clare Bowen as Scarlett O'Connor[a]
Chris Carmack as Will Lexington[a]
Charles Esten as Deacon Claybourne[a]
Jonathan Jackson as Avery Barkley[a]
Sam Palladio as Gunnar Scott[a]
Lennon Stella as Maddie Conrad[a]
Maisy Stella as Daphne Conrad[a]
Kaitlin Doubleday as Jessie Caine[a]
Jeffrey Nordling as Brad Maitland
Recurring[edit]
Ed Amatrudo as Glenn Goodman[a]
Kourtney Hansen as Emily[a]
Andi Rayne and Nora Gill as Cadence Barkley[a]
Melvin Kearney as Bo[a]
David Alford as Bucky Dawes[a]
Josh Stamberg as Darius Enright[a]
Jake Etheridge as Sean McPherson[a]
Rainee Blake as Alannah Curtis[a]
Nic Luken as Jonah Ford
Dylan Arnold as Twig Wysecki[a]
Ilse DeLange as Ilse de Witt[a]
Mia Maestro as Rosa
Ronny Cox as Gideon Claybourne[a]
Guest[edit]
Cameron Scoggins as Zach Welles[a]
Rhiannon Giddens as Hallie Jordan[a]
Connie Britton as Rayna Jaymes[a]
Sylvia Jeffries as Jolene Barnes[a]
Eric Close as himself/Teddy Conrad
Will Chase as himself/Luke Wheeler
Judith Hoag as herself/Tandy Hampton
Kyle Dean Massey as himself
Dana Wheeler-Nicholson as herself
Mark Collie as himself
Alicia Witt as herself
Joseph David-Jones as himself
Callie Khouri as herself
Marshall Herskovitz as himself
Edward Zwick as himself
Nick Jandl as himself
Keean Johnson as himself
Derek Krantz as himself
Elaina Smith as herself
Pam Tillis as herself
Nancy O'Dell as herself
Steve Earle as himself
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x These actors appear in a fourth wall breaking scene at the end of the series as themselves.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Nashville episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
US viewers
(millions)
Part 1
109
1 "New Strings" Timothy Busfield Scott Saccoccio December 19, 2017 (2017-12-19) (online)
January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04) (CMT) 0.87[16]
Maddie has been invited to play a concert on New Year's Eve and a singer named Jonah Ford is also on the guest list. Juliette has been planning her new album launch which will kick off with a performance at the Bridgestone Arena. She has been given a second chance at Highway 65 but audience members start holding up signs and booing her. She tells them off and explains that if they knew the real her they would not like her before walking off stage. During a trip away with Avery, she runs into Darius, who says he is someone on her journey. Juliette is awake at 2AM, and finds a commercial of Darius talking about giving up addictions, and allowing access to your kingdom. Glenn tells Juliette that Darius tried to contact her at 2AM. She accuses Darius of stalking her, he refutes that it was fate; he recognizes the pain in her and wants to help her change her life. Scarlett tells Maddie she misses who she was. Zach encourages Deacon to date. Juliette meets Darius who says he does not run a cult, but a way to help the mind. On New Year's Eve, Gunnar tries to perform but freezes and gets help from Will. Juliette goes on radio, and announces she struggles with depression, and is cancelling her tour/album. Juliette calls Darius and tells him "I'm ready".
Songs: "Is There Anybody Out There" (sung by Juliette); "Don't Come Easy" (sung by Will); "What It's Made For" (sung by Maddie); "Never Come Back Again" (sung by Gunnar)
110
2 "Second Chances" Mike Binder Jesse Zwick January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11) 0.78[17]
Scarlett tells Deacon to ask Jessie out and he does. Maddie is upset Jonah has not texted her back right away. Will wants to sing with Gunnar again. Juliette tells Avery she is getting help from Darius. She then goes to build a house with Darius' coherent philosophy and is told to give the community 30% of her salary. Scarlett says she does not miss Gunnar, but does not want to sing anymore. Juliette spends the night with Darius' people. Daphne talks to Jake about their parents dating. Will and Gunnar take Avery to a venue and make them perform with him; they all have fun and want it to be a regular gig. Deacon and Jessie's date does not go well, but they end up kissing. Darius tells Juliette she has to leave her family and her career because she cannot be truly happy. Scarlett says she wants to help people away from music. Juliette comes home and looks blankly at Avery.
Songs: "Ain't No Normal" (sung by Scarlett); "Right Where You Want Me" (sung by Will and Gunnar); "Stop the World (And Let Me Off)" (sung by Will, Gunnar, and Avery)
111
3 "Jump Then Fall" Allan Arkush Savannah Dooley January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18) 0.73[18]
Zach tells Deacon he's leaving to pursue a senate bid. Juliette forces Avery to meet Darius. Deacon and Jessie talk about their relationship status and how to tell their kids when Daphne runs into them. Maddie parties and sings with Jonah and his entourage. The papparazi ambushes Maddie and Jonah and stirs up emotions. Darius makes Juliette feel bad about singing. Will has a problem performing when he tries to hookup with someone, which is later diagnosed as a result of him taking steroids. The doctor tells him to stop taking them, but he doesn't even when he gets caught by Gunnar. Avery tries to tell Juliette he doesn't think Darius is good for her, but she doesn't want to hear it. Scarlett talks to Jessie about her and Deacon's relationship. Daphne tells Maddie she hates Jessie and Deacon dating because it means Rayna is really gone. Scarlett sees a commercial for equine therapy that helps troubled teens. Deacon and Jessie go on a date, while Daphne sings her feelings.
Songs: "Come and Find Me" (sung by Daphne); "Different Kind of Hot" (sung by Jonah); "Will You Feel The Same" (sung by Maddie and Jonah); "I Always Will" (sung by Juliette)
112
4 "That's My Story" Lily Mariye Geoffrey Nauffts January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25) 0.80[19]
Scarlett wants to be a part of equine therapy. Daphne has to dissect a frog with Jake. Bucky wants to manage the guys' band, and he gives them a slot at Winterfest. Juliette tells Avery she wants to change her life. Jake insults Deacon offending Daphne; she later tells Maddie which prompts Maddie to bring up her taking Deacon to court. Juliette goes to Darius' headquarters and hears people crying hysterically behind closed doors, Darius tells her it is the next stage called witnessing. He has her flashback to her childhood where she sees stacks of money, sees an old man, and Jolene. She eventually has to stop. Scarlett has trouble at the horse farm, where she meets Sean. Avery tells Deacon Juliette is acting like a friend he had who got involved in a cult and was changed forever. Juliette flashes back with Darius and the cult again, and it is revealed that Jolene was paid for men to rape Juliette. Deacon encourages Will, Gunnar, and Avery to stop fighting and play music. Jessie and Deacon bond. Darius tells Juliette she'll never be the same again once it is all over.
Songs: "My Arms" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar); "Tearin' Up My Heart" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar); "Wandering Roads" (sung by Hallie and Deacon)
113
5 "Where the Night Goes" Devon Gummersall Liberty Godshall February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01) 0.72[20]
Deacon and Jessie go on a date, and afterwards things get serious but they realize they need protection, so Deacon is later seen buying condoms. The guys realize they need a girl for the band and they eventually find Alannah. Juliette tells Avery her whole life would have been different if not for her rape, including her relationship. Jonah's ex makes a diss track about Maddie. Darius tells Juliette she is a narcissist who never needed her fame, Avery, or her kid, and that she needs to give back by attending an outreach program in Bolivia and that her daily life can't dilute her awakening. Gunnar wants to date Alannah. Avery doesn't want Juliette to go to Bolivia, but she won't change her mind. Maddie and Jonah fight and Maddie later talks with Deacon about him. Juliette tells Avery she doesn't need him to save her. Deacon and Jessie try to have sex but Deacon breaks down crying. He says the girls seem to be doing fine, so he thinks that means he should move on, but he can't. Juliette wakes up in the middle of the night, tells Avery he deserves someone normal and they kiss. Deacon tells Jessie not to give up on him and that he feels close to her. Avery wakes up the next day and Juliette is gone, Cadence is by herself, no Juliette. He looks around but she is gone, he calls her but it goes straight to voicemail - she has left for Bolivia without telling him.
Songs: "Looking for the Light" (sung by Deacon); "Sweet Revenge" (sung by Alannah); "Go With It" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar); "Hold On (Not Leaving You Behind) (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar, and Alannah)
114
6 "Beneath Still Waters" Dan Lerner Troy Putney February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08) 0.66[9]
Daphne struggles to accept Deacon and Jessie's relationship; the new edition to the boys' band becomes a hit; Gunnar falls back into old habits; Scarlett takes an interest in a veteran undergoing equine therapy.
Songs: "Raised On a Song" (sung by Scarlett); "The Only Way to Get There" (sung by Sean); "Love is Loud" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar, and Alannah); "River Swimming" (sung by Alannah)
115
7 "Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound" Allan Arkush Tim Olshefski February 15, 2018 (2018-02-15) 0.71[21]
Maddie is going to Miami with Jonah. Bucky tells the group that reporters want to talk to Alannah alone, but she denies them and says the reporters have to talk to the whole band. Maddie and Jonah make it to Miami with Twig. Deacon and Jessie go to an open house show and tell to watch Daphne and Jake perform. Avery and Cadence are at the airport to pick up Juliette, but she's not there. Avery can't find Juliette and when he calls the cult headquarters in Bolivia, they aren't any help. They just tell him Juliette is safe, they can't say anything else, and that she can call him whenever she'd like. Brad causes tension between Jessie, Deacon, and the kids. Gunnar tries to find out more about Alannah from her. The band and Alannah give an interview, but they only care about asking Alannah about her life and talking to her; Brad tries to poach her. Daphne sees a commercial for an American Idol-esque show, and she wants to join it, but Deacon says they have better plans for her when she's ready. The teens pull out some drugs, Maddie doesn't want any, but they force Twig to have some. Deacon tells Avery he should go get her. Deacon and Jessie have sex. Will is exercising and collapses. Avery finally sees Juliette. She says she chose not to call him, and that she's not herself anymore, but she's now more herself than she's ever been. She goes on to say she can't have anything to do with him or her old life until she fills the hole in her heart. Avery tries to take her home, but she yells and say she's not coming home. Avery gets on his knees begging her to come back with him, and she says she's already made her decision. Avery gets up, hurt, now realizing who Juliette is, and walks out.
Songs: "Unravel" (sung by Daphne); "Smoking the Boys" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar, and Alannah) "Face the Sun" (sung by Deacon); "
116
8 "Sometimes You Just Can't Win" Michael Lohmann Scott Saccoccio February 22, 2018 (2018-02-22) 0.80[22]
Daphne auditions for a singing competition. Scarlett invites Sean to see live music and he has a breakdown, but later calms down when singing by himself. Avery tells Deacon that he is done caring, and he no longer cares about his wife anymore. Brad tries to send Jake to boarding school, which causes stress between Jessie and Deacon. Brad tries to forcibly take him away, but Deacon pushes him against the wall, and Brad tells him he just assaulted him. The Lost Highways get invited to perform on The Chew, but halfway through the performance, Will collapses. As the EMTS work on him, Gunnar and Avery are horrified to hear Will has no pulse.
Songs: "Face the Sun" (sung by Deacon); "Dear Fear" (sung by Daphne); "Hard Days" (sung by Will, Avery, Gunnar, and Alannah); "Take Myself Out" (sung by Jenny); "Bring Me An Angel" (sung by Sean)
Part 2
117
9 "Pick Yourself Up" Jesse Zwick Jesse Zwick June 7, 2018 (2018-06-07) 0.72[23]
Will survives the overdose, but realizes his body isn't the same anymore. Zack comes back into town to check on Will. Deacon and Jessie face consequences from Brad after Deacon and Brad's altercation with Brad trying to take Jake away. Scarlett navigates a risky relationship with Sean, while Gunnar and Avery clash over Alannah.
Songs: "Sorry Now" (sung by Alannah); "Hard Days" (sung by Alannah, Gunnar, and Avery); "The Giver" (sung by Avery); "My Turn" (sung by Will)
118
10 "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane" Ellen S. Pressman Michael Weintraub June 14, 2018 (2018-06-14) 0.76[24]
Deacon and Jessie have to fight Brad on custody over Jake after Brad issued a restraining order against Deacon. Avery begins to date Alannah, which makes Gunnar mad and causes tensions between the band. This leads to Alannah leaving the band and signing with Brad. Scarlett takes Sean to the Bluebird to sing and he overcomes his PPD worries and makes it through a performance. Brad pressures Daphne in the singing competition with reminders of Rayna. Twig gains feelings for Maddie who is with Jonah. Daphne makes it to the next round of the competition.
Songs: "Bring Me an Angel" (sung by Sean); "Love Goes On' (sung and written by Ilse DeLange); "Go" (sung by Alannah, Gunnar, Avery, and Will); "Memories Crash" (sung by Daphne)
119
11 "No Place That Far" Dawn Wilkinson Savannah Dooley June 21, 2018 (2018-06-21) 0.75[25]
Gunnar and Avery clash over Avery kissing Alannah. Alannah signs with Brad's label and Jessie warns Alannah about Brad. Deacon and Jessie are over for good, while Twig confesses to Maddie that he loves her but she says she's with Jonah and they vow to remain friends. After Juliette witnesses the cult making people work too hard, she complains and tells Darius she has to leave. Darius is called away and Juliette is locked away in her room by two of his disciples and she is watched by Rosa. Juliette finds out she is pregnant, making her have to get back home and this revelation moves the initially hesitant Rosa to help her. Rosa tells Juliette the only thing you can do to the cult is to submit or they will lock you away and harm your family, and she shares they have kidnapped and hidden her son from her. Juliette promises to come back for Rosa. With Rosa's help, Juliette escapes the cult and catches a ride to the airport.
Songs: "We Belong" (sung by Maddie); "Duermete Mi Nino [Bolivian Lullaby]" (sung by Juliette)
120
12 "The House That Built Me" Timothy Busfield Geoffrey Nauffts June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28) 0.67[26]
Deacon encounters his father who hopes to make amends with him but Deacon later makes it clear he does not want anything to do with him, due to how Gideon treated the family when Deacon was a child. Maddie meets Gideon and tells him that she, Daphne and Scarlett are all that Deacon has left and after asking Deacon to hear his father out, Gideon is taken home to stay with him and the girls. Alannah is offered a support slot with The Lumineers but she feels that Brad is attempting to make a move on her and confronts him about it, which later results in her support slot being cancelled. Scarlett gets Sean a gig at The Bluebird with his wife in the audience. The latter leaves when she sees Sean and Scarlett performing together but when Scarlett meets her she agrees to talk to Sean. Sean visits his wife and son but freaks out when he sees a Facebook page dedicated to his fallen comrade. Locking himself in the bathroom with a gun, his wife calls Scarlett to calm him down. Avery tries to get Alannah over her disappointment by helping her write songs but as they are about to have sex, Juliette walks in, having returned home from Bolivia.
Songs: "Like New" (sung by Deacon); "With You I'm Home" (sung by Sean); "If You're Going Down" (sung by Alannah); "Love Can Hold It All" (sung by Maddie & Daphne)
121
13 "Strong Enough to Bend" Dan Lerner Troy Putney July 5, 2018 (2018-07-05) 0.70[27]
Daphne has a hard time getting to grips with Brad and Ilse's requests to perform without her guitar and fails to show up at rehearsals. Following Ilse talking to Deacon, Daphne goes on the show and successfully performs without her guitar. Deacon finds living with his father hard going and attends another AA meeting where he reveals that he is unable to accept the change in his life but later makes peace with his father. She also has a hard time dealing with Brad, who does not like the songs she submitted. Deacon bumps into Jessie at the supermarket and they talk about where they are in their lives. Sean's wife asks Scarlett to try and get some help for him but while taking him to a Veterans' Affairs clinic Sean runs off and begins to question Scarlett's motives. However, he later calls to her house to apologize and says he knows that she is only trying to help. Juliette tells Hallie that she has lost Avery for good this time and after she spends time with Cadence, Avery decides it is best for him to move out. Alannah tells him that she does not want to be the cause of a family breaking up like her own family did.
Songs: "Let Love In" (sung by Hallie); "Fall to Fly" (sung by Jenny Leigh); "Without Warning" (sung by Daphne)
122
14 "For the Sake of the Song" Michael Lohmann Scott Saccoccio July 12, 2018 (2018-07-12) 0.62[28]
Deacon and the girls grow concerned when they notice that Gideon has been leaving the house without telling them. Noticing how secretive he is when he returns home, Deacon decides to follow him when he goes out and discovers him playing music with his friends. Following an argument in relation to how his father treated him as a child, Deacon refuses to invite him to the Bluebird to see him perform until Scarlett returns with Gideon and Deacon performs the first song he learned to play on guitar. Avery decides to move in with Gunnar and Will while Alannah decides to trap Brad after seeing him flirting with his receptionist and following a talk with Jessie. Juliette goes to war with Darius. At a pyjamas party at Jonah's mansion, his ex-girlfriend Mia shows up and they make out with each other while Twig is left to cover for him. However, Maddie discovers Jonah's indiscretion and is left devastated. While Daphne is leaving Gideon's laundry into his room, she discovers an empty bottle of whisky under his bed.
Songs: "I'll Waltz You Home" (sung by Gideon); "Treading Water" (sung by Alannah); "Itty Bitty Ditty" (sung by Deacon)
123
15 "I Don't Want to Lose You Yet" Allan Arkush Liberty Godshall July 19, 2018 (2018-07-19) 0.71[29]
Daphne acts coolly around Gideon following her discovery of the bottle of whisky under his bed. He later asks her to keep it a secret from Deacon. Scarlett and Sean arrange a benefit concert for the ranch. Following encouragement from Will and a talk with singer Steve Earle after he performs at the Bluebird, Gunnar regains his confidence to take to the stage and performs at the benefit concert. Scarlett and Sean also perform and afterwards he tries to kiss her but she tells him he needs to be with his wife and son. Deacon discovers a bottle of whisky in his father's car and tells his father that he never wants to see him again. Alannah dines with Brad who makes further advances towards her and she later breaks up with Avery. Cadence runs a temperature and he and Juliette bring her to the hospital. Juliette decides to pursue legal action against Darius and announces that she is retiring from the music industry. Maddie refuses to forgive Twig for keeping Jonah's secret but Twig fights with Jonah and later refuses to go to Europe with him. Twig then tells Maddie and they become a couple.
Songs: "Falling Hard" (sung by Alannah); "When You Came Along" (sung by Sean and Scarlett); "Going Electric" (sung by Gunnar)
124
16 "Beyond the Sunset" Callie Khouri Jesse Zwick July 26, 2018 (2018-07-26) 0.88[30]
Deacon is offered to go on a headlining tour, but is hesitant to accept. Maddie is having trouble connecting with Twig, so she breaks up with him, while Daphne worries about winning the competition. Deacon still cannot forgive his father, even after Gideon tells him he'll never hurt anyone again. Hallie tells Avery that Juliette is pregnant and Avery confronts her about it, to which Juliette replies that she wants him to love her, to tell her he wants her, and not be influenced by the baby. Alannah sets up Brad and records him threatening her and she, along with the other women Brad hurt, and Zach with Deacon take down Brad and buy his label. Daphne ends up losing the competition. A few months later, Maddie moves in a place of her own, Daphne signs with Highway 65, Will and Zach get back together, Avery, Gunnar, and Will's band is a success, and Alannah is performing by herself. One day, Juliette is at her new house, visibly pregnant, when Avery comes to her and tells her he wants her and wants to spend the rest of his life with her. The two kiss and join Cadence. Deacon is on tour, while Scarlett is engaged. Before a show, Deacon flashes back to his wedding night with Rayna, where she tells him that despite all they have been through, the two are meant for each other forever and that they're in each other's bloodstreams and will always be there to chose each other forever. Deacon performs and makes up with his dad. As he performs "A Life That's Good", the girls and Scarlett join him. As they sing, Gunnar and Will walk out, and then Juliette and Avery with both twins who play Cadence and they all sing the song. Then every previous cast member from the show joins them on stage, such as Jolene, Beverly, Rayna, Teddy, Luke, and more, revealing it is unscripted and breaking the fourth wall as creator Khouri thanks everyone for a wonderful six years and hopes they all have a life that's good.
Songs: "Free" (sung by Juliette); "Little Fire" (sung by Maddie); “Dwell in my Soul” (sung by Alannah); “Carolina Rain” (sung by Hallie); “All That Matters” (sung by Jenny); “Heart” (sung by Daphne); "A Life That's Good" (sung by Rayna, Juliette, Deacon, Avery, Scarlett, Maddie, Daphne, Gunnar, and Will)
Ratings[edit]
Nielsen[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "New Strings" January 4, 2018 0.2 0.87[16] N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 "Second Chances" January 11, 2018 0.1 0.78[17] 0.4 1.09 0.5 1.87[31]
3 "Jump Then Fall" January 18, 2018 0.1 0.73[18] 0.3 0.89 0.4 1.62[32]
4 "That's My Story" January 25, 2018 0.2 0.80[19] 0.2 1.03 0.4 1.84[33]
5 "Where the Night Goes" February 1, 2018 0.1 0.72[20] 0.3 1.01 0.4 1.73[34]
6 "Beneath Still Waters" February 8, 2018 0.1 0.66[9] 0.3 0.99 0.4 1.65[35]
7 "Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound" February 15, 2018 0.1 0.71[21] N/A N/A N/A N/A
8 "Sometimes You Just Can't Win" February 22, 2018 0.2 0.80[22] N/A N/A N/A N/A
9 "Pick Yourself Up" June 7, 2018 0.2 0.72[23] 0.2 0.95 0.4 1.67[36]
10 "Two Sparrows in a Hurricane" June 14, 2018 0.2 0.76[24] N/A N/A N/A N/A
11 "No Place That Far" June 21, 2018 0.2 0.75[25] 0.2 0.92 0.4 1.67[37]
12 "The House That Built Me" June 28, 2018 0.1 0.67[26] N/A N/A N/A N/A
13 "Strong Enough to Bend" July 5, 2018 0.1 0.70[27] N/A N/A N/A N/A
14 "For the Sake of the Song" July 12, 2018 0.1 0.62[28] 0.2 0.99 0.3 1.61[38]
15 "I Don't Want to Lose You Yet" July 19, 2018 0.2 0.71[29] N/A N/A N/A N/A
16 "Beyond the Sunset" July 26, 2018 0.2 0.88[30] 0.2 0.96 0.4 1.84[39]
TVLand[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
1 "New Strings" January 4, 2018 0.1 0.36[16]
2 "Second Chances" January 11, 2018 0.1 0.37[17]
3 "Jump Then Fall" January 18, 2018 N/A N/A
4 "That's My Story" January 25, 2018 0.1 0.35[19]
5 "Where the Night Goes" February 1, 2018 0.1 0.31[20]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 17, 2017). "'Nashville' To End: Season 6 On CMT Will Be Country Drama Series' Last". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (November 14, 2017). "Nashville Sets Season 6 Premiere Date". TVLine. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mosthof, Mariella (August 10, 2017). "When Does 'Nashville' Season 6 Premiere? The Show Is Doing Well On Its New Network". Romper.com. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rafferty, Liz (April 10, 2017). "Nashville Renewed for Season 6 — but There's a Catch". TV Guide.com. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Nellie (August 10, 2017). "'Nashville' Finale: EP Marshall Herskovitz On Tonight's Twists, Season 6 & That Kiss". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Amatrudo, Ed [@EdAmatrudo] (August 28, 2017). "This will make you #nashies feel better! Thanks @NashvilleCMT !" (Tweet). Retrieved April 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Nashville - Season 6 Premiere - Available to Watch [US Only] + Poll". spoilertv.com. December 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nashville – Season 6 Episode Guide". Zap2it.
^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Mitch (February 9, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.8.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.tvratingsguide.com/2018/02/nashville-season-six-episode-seven-cant.html
Jump up ^ http://www.tvratingsguide.com/2018/02/nashville-season-six-will-be-aired-in.html
Jump up ^ http://ew.com/tv/2018/02/22/nashville-series-finale-date-preview/
Jump up ^ @LandMUpdates (April 8, 2018). "Maisy & Maddy at the Nashville Series Wrap Party 🎈 (via Maddy's insta)" (Tweet). Retrieved April 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Khouri, Callie [@CallieKhouri] (April 9, 2018). "Shooting last scene of #NashvilleCMT right now! So sad/happy/GRATEFUL!!!!" (Tweet). Retrieved April 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ http://www.nashcountrydaily.com/2018/07/25/new-report-blasts-tv-show-nashville-for-costing-taxpayers-more-than-45-million/
^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Mitch (January 5, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.4.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Mitch (January 12, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.11.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 19, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.18.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Mitch (January 26, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.25.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Metcalf, Mitch (February 2, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.1.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (February 16, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.15.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (February 23, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.22.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (June 8, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.7.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (June 15, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.14.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (June 22, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.21.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (June 29, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 6.28.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (July 5, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.5.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (July 12, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.12.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (July 19, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.19.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (July 26, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Thursday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.26.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'Nashville' grows by 400 percent in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 8-14". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'Assassination of Gianni Versace' posts solid gains in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 15-21". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'Waco' premiere doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 22-28". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 15, 2018). "'The Alienist' doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 29-Feb. 4". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 22, 2018). "'Assassination of Gianni Versace' posts more big gains in cable Live +7 ratings for Feb. 5-11". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 21, 2018). "'Cloak & Dagger' premiere makes good gains in cable Live +7 ratings for June 4–10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 5, 2018). "'Yellowstone' premiere scores in cable Live +7 ratings for June 18–24". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (July 29, 2018). "'Yellowstone' and 'Preacher' score big gains in cable Live +7 ratings for July 9–15". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (August 11, 2018). "'American Woman' scores big viewer gains in cable Live +7 ratings for July 23–29". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
External links[edit]
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Tariff
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the policies of using tariffs, see Protective tariff. For other uses, see Tariff (disambiguation).
Taxation
An aspect of fiscal policy
Policies[show]
Government revenue
Tax revenue
Non-tax revenue
Tax law
Tax bracket
Tax threshold
Exemption
Credit
Deduction
Tax shift
Tax cut
Tax holiday
Tax advantage
Tax incentive
Tax reform
Tax harmonization
Tax competition
Double taxation
Representation
Unions
Medical savings account
Tax, tariff and trade
Economics[show]
Price effect
Excess burden
Tax incidence
Laffer curve
Optimal tax
Theory
Optimal capital income taxation
Collection[show]
Revenue service
Revenue stamp
Tax assessment
Taxable income
Tax lien
Tax refund
Tax shield
Tax residence
Tax preparation
Tax investigation
Tax shelter
Private tax collection
Tax farming
Noncompliance[show]
Tax avoidance
Tax evasion
Tax resistance
Tax haven
Smuggling
Black market
Transfer mispricing
Unreported employment
Tax shelter
Distribution[show]
Tax rate
Flat
Progressive
Regressive
Proportional
Types[show]
Direct
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Per unit
Ad valorem
In rem
Capital gains
Carbon
Consumption
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Ecotax
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Income
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Land value
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Property
Sales
Sin
Single
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Turnover
Value-added (VAT)
Corporate profit
Excess profits
Windfall profits
Negative (income)
Wealth
International[show]
Financial transaction tax
Currency transaction tax
Tobin tax
Spahn tax
Tax equalization
Tax treaty
Permanent establishment
Transfer pricing
European Union FTT
Foreign revenue rule
Trade[show]
Custom
Duty
Tariff
Import
Export
Tariff war
Free trade
Free trade zone
Trade agreement
Religious[show]
Church tax
Eight per thousand
Teind
Tithe
Fiscus Judaicus
Leibzoll
Temple tax
Tolerance tax
Jizya
Kharaj
Khums
Nisab
Zakat
By country[show]
List of countries by tax rates
Tax revenues as %GDP
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brazil
Bulgaria
BVI
Canada
China
Colombia
Croatia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Malta
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Palestine
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tanzania
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
v
t
e
Average tariff rates for selected countries (1913–2007)
Tariff rates in Japan (1870–1960)
Average tariff rates in Spain and Italy (1860–1910)
Average tariff rates (France, UK, US)
Average tariff rates in US (1821–2016)
US Trade Balance and Trade Policy (1895–2015)
Average tariff rates on manufactured products
Average Levels of Duties (1875 and 1913)
Trade Policy, Exports and Growth in European Countries
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Great Britain
1.2 United States
1.3 Tariff and the Great Depression
2 Etymology
3 Customs duty
3.1 Calculation of customs duty
3.2 Harmonized System of Nomenclature
3.3 Customs authority
3.4 Evasion
3.5 Duty-free goods
3.6 Duty calculation for companies in real life
4 Economic analysis
5 Political analysis
6 Within technology strategies
7 See also
7.1 Types
7.2 Trade dynamics
7.3 Trade liberalisation
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History[edit]
Great Britain[edit]
At the beginning of the 19th century, Britain’s average tariff on manufactured goods was roughly 50 percent, the highest of any major nation in Europe. And even after Britain embraced free trade in most goods, it continued to tightly regulate trade in strategic capital goods, such as the machinery for the mass production of textiles [1].
Tariffs were reduced in 1833 and the Corn Law was repealed in 1846, which amounted to free trade in food. (The Corn Laws were passed in 1815 to restrict wheat imports and guarantee British farmers' incomes ).It devastated Britain’s old rural economy and the aristocracy that had lived off its agricultural rents. Tariffs on many manufactured goods have also been abolished (Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes, Bairoch). British elites expected that thanks to free trade their lead in shipping, technology, scale economies and financial infrastructure to be self-reinforcing and thus last indefinitely. Britain practiced free trade unilaterally in the vain hope of imitation, but the United States emerged from the Civil War even more explicitly protectionist than before, Germany under Bismarck turned in this direction in 1879, and the rest of Europe followed. During the 1880s and 1890s, tariffs went up in Sweden, Italy, France, Austria-Hungary and Spain [1].
Britain’s economy still grew, but inexorably lagged: from 1870 to 1913, industrial production rose an average of 4.7 percent per year in the U.S., 4.1 percent in Germany, but only 2.1 percent in Britain. It was surpassed economically by the U.S. only around 1880 .Britain’s lead in textiles and steelheld eroded as other nations caught up. Britain then fell behind as new industries, using more advanced technology, emerged after 1870 in states that still practiced protectionism [1].
Fundamentally, the country believed that free trade was optimal as a permanent policy and was satisfied with laissez faire absence of industrial policy . But contrary to British belief, free trade did not improve the economic situation and increased competition from foreign production eventually devastated Britain's old rural economy. But despite the mounting failure of its great strategic gamble, Britain was so committed to free trade that it agreed to pay the price [1].
Britain finally abandoned free trade in 1932.[1]
United States[edit]
According to Paul Bairoch, the United States was "the mother country and bastion of modern protectionism" since the end of the 18th century and until the post-World War II period.[2]
The American Revolution was, to some extent, a rebellion against being forced to play a lesser role in the emerging Atlantic economy. This explains why, after independence, the Tariff Act was the second bill of the Republic signed by President George Washington allowing Congress to impose a fixed tariff of 5% on all imports, with a few exceptions [1].
Alexander Hamilton feared that Britain's policy towards the colonies would condemn the United States to be only producers of agricultural products and raw materials. Washington and Hamilton believed that political independence was predicated upon economic independence. Increasing the domestic supply of manufactured goods, particularly war materials, was seen as an issue of national security. Hamilton called in the Report on Manufactures for customs barriers to allow American industrial development and to help protect infant industries, including bounties (subsidies) derived in part from those tariffs [3]. Hamilton explained that despite an initial “increase of price” caused by regulations that control foreign competition, once a “domestic manufacture has attained to perfection… it invariably becomes cheaper”.
According to Michael Lind, protectionism was America's de facto policy from the passage of the Tariff of 1816 to World War II, "switching to free trade only in 1945" [4]. It has been argued that one of the underlying motivations for the American Revolution itself was a desire to industrialize, and reverse the trade deficit with Britain, which had grown by a factor of ten in the space of a few decades, from £67,000 (1721–30) to £739,000 (1761–70) [5].
There was a brief episode of free trade from 1846. The panic of 1857 eventually led to higher tariff demands than President James Buchanan, signed in 1861 (Morrill Tariff) [1].
In the 19th century, statesmen such as Senator Henry Clay continued Hamilton's themes within the Whig Party under the name "American System (Abraham Lincoln and the Tariff, R. Luthin, 1944)".
The American Civil War (1861-1865) was fought over the issue of tariffs as well as slavery. At the time of independence, the agrarian interests of the South were opposed to any protection, while the manufacturing interests of the North wanted to maintain it. The fledgling Republican Party led by Abraham Lincoln, who called himself a "Henry Clay tariff Whig", strongly opposed free trade, and implemented a 44-percent tariff during the Civil War—in part to pay for railroad subsidies and for the war effort, and to protect favored industries.[6]. In 1847, he declared: "Give us a protective tariff, and we shall have the greatest nation on earth".[1]
Tariff and the Great Depression[edit]
Most economists hold the opinion that the tariff act did not greatly worsen the great depression:
Milton Friedman held the opinion that the Smoot–Hawley tariff of 1930 did not cause the Great Depression, instead he blamed the lack of sufficient action on the part of the Federal Reserve. Douglas A. Irwin wrote: "most economists, both liberal and conservative, doubt that Smoot–Hawley played much of a role in the subsequent contraction "[7].
Peter Temin, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, explained that a tariff is an expansionary policy, like a devaluation as it diverts demand from foreign to home producers. He noted that exports were 7 percent of GNP in 1929, they fell by 1.5 percent of 1929 GNP in the next two years and the fall was offset by the increase in domestic demand from tariff. He concluded that contrary the popular argument, contractionary effect of the tariff was small.[8]
William Bernstein wrote: "Between 1929 and 1932, real GDP fell 17 percent worldwide, and by 26 percent in the United States, but most economic historians now believe that only a miniscule part of that huge loss of both world GDP and the United States’ GDP can be ascribed to the tariff wars. .. At the time of Smoot-Hawley’s passage, trade volume accounted for only about 9 percent of world economic output. Had all international trade been eliminated, and had no domestic use for the previously exported goods been found, world GDP would have fallen by the same amount — 9 percent. Between 1930 and 1933, worldwide trade volume fell off by one-third to one-half. Depending on how the falloff is measured, this computes to 3 to 5 percent of world GDP, and these losses were partially made up by more expensive domestic goods. Thus, the damage done could not possibly have exceeded 1 or 2 percent of world GDP — nowhere near the 17 percent falloff seen during the Great Depression... The inescapable conclusion: contrary to public perception, Smoot-Hawley did not cause, or even significantly deepen, the Great Depression"(A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World)
Nobel laureate Maurice Allais argued that: First, most of the trade contraction occurred between January 1930 and July 1932, before most protectionist measures were introduced, except for the limited measures applied by the United States in the summer of 1930. It was therefore the collapse of international liquidity that caused the contraction of trade[8], not customs tariffs. Second, domestic output in the major industrialized countries fell faster than international trade contracted, so it was not the contraction in foreign trade that caused the depression, but rather the reverse (it was the fall in domestic demand in the countries that caused the contraction in foreign trade). This indicates that it is the domestic growth of countries that generate foreign trade, not the reverse. So protecting domestic production through tariffs is more important than safeguarding foreign trade. Maurice Allais concludes that higher trade barriers were a means of protecting domestic demand from external shocks, deflation, and deregulation of competition in the global labour market.[9]
Etymology[edit]
The small Spanish town of Tarifa is sometimes credited with being the origin of the word "tariff", since it was the first port in history to charge merchants for the use of its docks.[10] The name "Tarifa" itself is derived from the name of the Berber warrior, Tarif ibn Malik. However, other sources assume that the origin of tariff is the Italian word tariffa translated as "list of prices, book of rates", which is derived from the Arabic ta'rif meaning "making known" or "to define".[11]
Customs duty[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade. In economic sense, a duty is also a kind of consumption tax. A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an import duty. Similarly, a duty levied on exports is called an export duty. A tariff, which is actually a list of commodities along with the leviable rate (amount) of customs duty, is popularly referred to as a customs duty.
Calculation of customs duty[edit]
Customs duty is calculated on the determination of the assessable value in case of those items for which the duty is levied ad valorem. This is often the transaction value unless a customs officer determines assessable value in accordance with the Harmonized System. For certain items like petroleum and alcohol, customs duty is realized at a specific rate applied to the volume of the import or export consignments.
Harmonized System of Nomenclature[edit]
For the purpose of assessment of customs duty, products are given an identification code that has come to be known as the Harmonized System code. This code was developed by the World Customs Organization based in Brussels. A Harmonized System code may be from four to ten digits. For example, 17.03 is the HS code for molasses from the extraction or refining of sugar. However, within 17.03, the number 17.03.90 stands for "Molasses (Excluding Cane Molasses)".
Introduction of Harmonized System code in 1990s has largely replaced the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), though SITC remains in use for statistical purposes. In drawing up the national tariff, the revenue departments often specifies the rate of customs duty with reference to the HS code of the product. In some countries and customs unions, 6-digit HS codes are locally extended to 8 digits or 10 digits for further tariff discrimination: for example the European Union uses its 8-digit CN (Combined Nomenclature) and 10-digit TARIC codes.
Customs authority[edit]
A Customs authority in each country is responsible for collecting taxes on the import into or export of goods out of the country. Normally the Customs authority, operating under national law, is authorized to examine cargo in order to ascertain actual description, specification volume or quantity, so that the assessable value and the rate of duty may be correctly determined and applied.
Evasion[edit]
Main article: Tax evasion
Evasion of customs duties takes place mainly in two ways. In one, the trader under-declares the value so that the assessable value is lower than actual. In a similar vein, a trader can evade customs duty by understatement of quantity or volume of the product of trade. A trader may also evade duty by misrepresenting traded goods, categorizing goods as items which attract lower customs duties. The evasion of customs duty may take place with or without the collaboration of customs officials. Evasion of customs duty does not necessarily constitute smuggling.[citation needed]
Duty-free goods[edit]
Many countries allow a traveler to bring goods into the country duty-free. These goods may be bought at ports and airports or sometimes within one country without attracting the usual government taxes and then brought into another country duty-free. Some countries impose allowances which limit the number or value of duty-free items that one person can bring into the country. These restrictions often apply to tobacco, wine, spirits, cosmetics, gifts and souvenirs. Often foreign diplomats and UN officials are entitled to duty-free goods. Duty-free goods are imported and stocked in what is called a bonded warehouse.
Duty calculation for companies in real life[edit]
With many methods and regulations, businesses at times struggle to manage the duties. In addition to difficulties in calculations, there are challenges in analyzing duties; and to opt for duty free options like using a bonded warehouse.
Companies use ERP software to calculate duties automatically to, on one hand, avoid error-prone manual work on duty regulations and formulas and on the other hand, manage and analyze the historically paid duties. Moreover, ERP software offers an option for customs warehouse, introduced to save duty and VAT payments. In addition, the duty deferment and suspension is also taken into consideration.
Economic analysis[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Neoclassical economic theorists tend to view tariffs as distortions to the free market. Typical analyses find that tariffs tend to benefit domestic producers and government at the expense of consumers, and that the net welfare effects of a tariff on the importing country are negative. Normative judgements often follow from these findings, namely that it may be disadvantageous for a country to artificially shield an industry from world markets and that it might be better to allow a collapse to take place. Opposition to all tariff aims to reduce tariffs and to avoid countries discriminating between differing countries when applying tariffs. The diagrams above show the costs and benefits of imposing a tariff on a good in the domestic economy.
When incorporating free international trade into the model we use a supply curve denoted as P t a r i f f {\displaystyle P_{tariff}} (diagram 1) or P w {\displaystyle P_{w}} (diagram 2). This curve represents the assumption that the international supply of the good or service is perfectly elastic and that the world can produce at a near infinite quantity of the good. Before the tariff, there is a quantity demanded of Qc1 (diagram 1) or D (diagram 2). The difference between quantity demanded and quantity supplied (between D and S on diagram 2, respectively) was filled by importing from abroad. This is shown on diagram 1 as Quantity of Imports (without tariff). After the imposition of a tariff, domestic price rises, but foreign export prices fall due to the difference in tax incidence on the consumers (at home) and producers (abroad).
The new price level at Home is Ptariff or Pt, which is higher than the world price. More of the good is now produced at Home – it now makes Qs2 (diagram 1) or S* (diagram 2) of the good. Due to the higher price, only Qc2 or D* of the good is demanded by Home. The difference between the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded is still filled by importing from abroad. However, the imposition of the tariff reduces the quantity of imports from D − S to D* − S* (diagram 2). This is also shown in diagram 1 as Quantity of Imports (with tariff).
Domestic producers enjoy a gain in their surplus. Producer surplus, defined as the difference between what the producers were willing to receive by selling a good and the actual price of the good, expands from the region below Pw to the region below Pt. Therefore, the domestic producers gain an amount shown by the area A.
Domestic consumers face a higher price, reducing their welfare. Consumer surplus is the area between the price line and the demand curve. Therefore, the consumer surplus shrinks from the area above Pw to the area above Pt, i.e. it shrinks by the areas A, B, C and D. This includes the gained producer surplus, the deadweight loss, and the tax revenue.
The government gains from the taxes. It charges an amount Pt − Pt* of tariff for every good imported. Since D* − S* goods are imported, the government gains an area of C and E. However, there is a deadweight loss of the triangles B and D, or in diagram 1, the triangles labeled Societal Loss. Deadweight loss is also called efficiency loss. This cost is incurred because tariffs reduce the incentives for the society to consume and produce.
The net loss to the society due to the tariff would be given by the total costs of the tariff minus its benefits to the society. Therefore, the net welfare loss due to the tariff is equal to:
Consumer Loss − Government Revenue − Producer Gain
or graphically, this gain is given by the areas shown by:
( A + B + C + D ) − ( C + E ) − A = B + D − E {\displaystyle (A+B+C+D)-(C+E)-A=B+D-E}
That is, tariffs are beneficial to the society if the area given by the rectangle E is greater than the deadweight loss. Rectangle E is called the terms of trade gain.
Political analysis[edit]
See also: Tariffs in United States history, List of tariffs in the United States, and Protectionism in the United States
The tariff has been used as a political tool to establish an independent nation; for example, the United States Tariff Act of 1789, signed specifically on July 4, was called the "Second Declaration of Independence" by newspapers because it was intended to be the economic means to achieve the political goal of a sovereign and independent United States.[12]
The political impact of tariffs is judged depending on the political perspective; for example the 2002 United States steel tariff imposed a 30% tariff on a variety of imported steel products for a period of three years and American steel producers supported the tariff.[13]
Tariffs can emerge as a political issue prior to an election. In the leadup to the 2007 Australian Federal election, the Australian Labor Party announced it would undertake a review of Australian car tariffs if elected.[14] The Liberal Party made a similar commitment, while independent candidate Nick Xenophon announced his intention to introduce tariff-based legislation as "a matter of urgency".[15]
Unpopular tariffs are known to have ignited social unrest, for example the 1905 meat riots in Chile that developed in protest against tariffs applied to the cattle imports from Argentina.[16][17]
Within technology strategies[edit]
This section contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
When tariffs are an integral element of a country's technology strategy, some economists believe that such tariffs can be highly effective in helping to increase and maintain the country's economic health. Other economists might be less enthusiastic, as tariffs may reduce trade and there may be many spillovers and externalities involved with trade and tariffs. The existence of these externalities makes the imposition of tariffs a rather ambiguous strategy. As an integral part of the technology strategy, tariffs are effective in supporting the technology strategy's function of enabling the country to outmaneuver the competition in the acquisition and utilization of technology in order to produce products and provide services that excel at satisfying the customer needs for a competitive advantage in domestic and foreign markets. The notion that government and policy would be effective at finding new and infant technologies, rather than supporting existing politically motivated industry, rather than, say, international technology venture specialists, is however, unproven.
This is related to the infant industry argument.
In contrast, in economic theory tariffs are viewed as a primary element in international trade with the function of the tariff being to influence the flow of trade by lowering or raising the price of targeted goods to create what amounts to an artificial competitive advantage. When tariffs are viewed and used in this fashion, they are addressing the country's and the competitors' respective economic healths in terms of maximizing or minimizing revenue flow rather than in terms of the ability to generate and maintain a competitive advantage which is the source of the revenue. As a result, the impact of the tariffs on the economic health of the country are at best minimal but often are counter-productive.
A program within the US intelligence community, Project Socrates, that was tasked with addressing America's declining economic competitiveness, determined that countries like China and India were using tariffs as an integral element of their respective technology strategies to rapidly build their countries into economic superpowers. However, the US intelligence community tends to have limited inputs into developing US trade policy. It was also determined that the US, in its early years, had also used tariffs as an integral part of what amounted to technology strategies to transform the country into a superpower.[18]
See also[edit]
Embargo
Protectionism
Trade barrier
Types[edit]
Ad valorem tax
Bound tariff rate
Environmental tariff
Import quota
List of tariffs
Tariff-rate quota
Telecommunications tariff
Electricity tariff
Trade dynamics[edit]
Effective rate of protection
Tariffication
Trade liberalisation[edit]
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
International free trade agreement
Swiss Formula
United States International Trade Commission
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Fletcher, Ian (2011). Free trade doesn't work.
Jump up ^ Chang, Ha-Joon; Gershman, John. "Kicking Away the Ladder: The "Real" History of Free Trade". ips-dc.org. Institute for Policy Studies. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Spencer P. (December 23, 2016). "America's Protectionist Past: The Hidden History Of Trade". National Economics Editorial. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Michael Lind, "Free Trade Fallacy",New America Foundation, January 1, 2003.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Spencer P (2016). America Betrayed. Edmonton: Outremer Publishing Ltd. p. 67.
Jump up ^ Lind, Matthew. "Free Trade Fallacy". Prospect. Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Irwin, Douglas A. (2011). Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression. p. 116.
Jump up ^ Temin, P. (1989). Lessons from the Great Depression. MIT Press.
Jump up ^ Maurice Allais (December 5–11, 2009). "Lettre aux français : contre les tabous indiscutés" (pdf). Marianne (in French). p. 38.
Jump up ^ Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, New York, 1997, ISBN 0-550-14230-4
Jump up ^ The Online Etymology Dictionary: tariff. The 2nd edition of the Oxford English Dictionary gives the same etymology, with a reference dating to 1591.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Jefferson – under George Washington by America's History". americashistory.org. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Behind the Steel-Tariff Curtain". Business Week Online. March 8, 2002.
Jump up ^ Sid Marris and Dennis Shanahan (November 9, 2007). "PM rulses out more help for car firms". The Australian.
Jump up ^ "Candidate wants car tariff cuts halted". Melbourne: theage.com.au. October 29, 2007.
Jump up ^ (in Spanish) Primeros movimientos sociales chileno (1890–1920). Memoria Chilena.
Jump up ^ Benjamin S. 1997. Meat and Strength: The Moral Economy of a Chilean Food Riot. Cultural Anthropology, 12, pp. 234–268.
Jump up ^ Watts, Denise K. (1990-06-28). "Martin County News". Gathering Information on High Technology. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Further reading[edit]
Salvatore, Dominick (2005), Introduction to International Economics (First ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-20226-6 .
Biswas, R. (2014). Tariffs that may fail to protect: A model of trade and public goods, MPRA Paper 56707, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Dal Bianco A., Boatto V., Caracciolo F., Santeramo F.G. (2016) Tariffs and non-tariff frictions in the world wine trade European Review of Agricultural Economics. 43(1):31–57 (Link to Working Paper)
U.S. Tariff Commission. Colonial tariff policies (1922), worldwide; 922pp
External links[edit]
Media related to tariffs at Wikimedia Commons
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Tariff.
Types of Tariffs
Effectively applied tariff by Country 2008 to 2012
MFN Trade Weighted Average Tariff by country 2008–2012
World Bank's site for Trade and Tariff
Market Access Map, an online database of customs tariffs and market requirements
WTO Tariff Analysis Online – Detailed information on tariff and trade data
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