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List of Test cricket hat-tricks
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English cricketer Stuart Broad took hat-tricks against India at Trent Bridge in 2011[1] and against Sri Lanka at Headingley in 2014.
In the sport of cricket, a hat-trick is an occasion where a bowler takes three wickets in consecutive deliveries. As of 31 July 2017, this feat has only been achieved 43 times in more than two thousand Test matches,[2] the form of the sport in which national representative teams compete in matches of up to five days' duration. The first Test hat-trick was recorded on 2 January 1879, in only the third Test match to take place, by the Australian pace bowler Fred Spofforth, nicknamed "The Demon Bowler", who dismissed three English batsmen with consecutive deliveries at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The most recent bowler to achieve the feat was English spin bowler Moeen Ali against South Africa on 31 July 2017. At least one bowler from each of the ten nations that have played Test cricket have taken a Test hat-trick.[3]
A player has taken two hat-tricks in the same Test match only once. Playing for Australia against South Africa in the first match of the 1912 Triangular Tournament at Old Trafford, Manchester, England, leg spinner Jimmy Matthews took a hat-trick in South Africa's first and second innings, both taken on 28 May 1912. He completed both hat-tricks by dismissing South Africa's Tommy Ward.[4] Only three other cricketers have taken more than one Test hat-trick: Australian off spinner Hugh Trumble (two years apart, between the same teams at the same ground), Pakistani fast bowler Wasim Akram (just over a week apart, in consecutive matches between the same teams) and English fast bowler Stuart Broad. Three players have taken a hat-trick on their Test debut: English medium pace bowler Maurice Allom in 1930, New Zealand off-spinner Peter Petherick in 1976, and Australian pace bowler Damien Fleming in 1994.[3] Geoff Griffin took the fewest total Test wickets of any player who recorded a hat-trick, taking only eight wickets in his entire Test career.[3] During the match in which he took his hat-trick, Griffin was repeatedly called for throwing by the umpires and never bowled again in a Test match.[5] Australian Peter Siddle is the only bowler to take a hat-trick on his birthday,[6] and Bangladeshi off spinner Sohag Gazi is the only player to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match.[7]
Australian Merv Hughes is the only bowler to take a hat-trick where the wickets fell over three overs. He took a wicket with the final ball of an over. With the first ball of the next over he took the final wicket of the West Indies innings. He then removed the opener Gordon Greenidge with the first ball of the West Indies second innings.[8]
In the five-match series between a Rest of the World XI and England in 1970, a hat-trick was taken by South African Eddie Barlow in the fourth match, at Headingley (the last three of four wickets in five balls).[9] These matches were considered to be Tests at the time, but that status was later removed.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Test hat-tricks
2 By team
3 See also
4 References
4.1 General
4.2 Specific
Test hat-tricks[edit]
Australian bowler Fred Spofforth took the first hat-trick in Test cricket on 2 January 1879, in only the third Test match.
Billy Bates was the first player to take a hat-trick for England, four years after Spofforth achieved the feat.
Hugh Trumble is one of only four players to take more than one Test hat-trick, achieving the feat in 1902 and 1904.
Courtney Walsh's hat-trick in 1988 was spread across two innings. In Australia's first innings he dismissed the last two batsmen with consecutive deliveries and then took a third wicket with the first ball of the second innings.
Wasim Akram took two hat-tricks in the space of nine days in 1999.
When Peter Siddle took a hat-trick for Australia in 2010, his final victim was Stuart Broad. Nine months later Broad himself would be the next man to take a Test match hat-trick.
Key
Symbol
Meaning
Bowler
The name of the bowler
For
The team for which the bowler was playing
Against
The team against which the bowler was playing
Inn.
The innings (first or second) in which the hat-trick was achieved
Test
The number of the Test within the overall series between the two teams
Dismissals
The three players dismissed by the bowler
Venue
The venue where the hat-trick was achieved
Date
The date on which the hat-trick was achieved
Ref.
Reference
List of Test cricket hat-tricks
No.
Bowler
For
Against
Inn.
Test
Dismissals
Venue
Date
Ref.
1
Spofforth, FredFred Spofforth
Australia England 1 1/1
Vernon Royle (b)
Francis MacKinnon (b)
Tom Emmett (c Tom Horan)
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 2 January 1879 [11]
2
Bates, BillyBilly Bates
England Australia 1 2/3
Percy McDonnell (b)
George Giffen (c and b)
George Bonnor (c Walter Read)
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 20 January 1883 [12]
3
Briggs, JohnnyJohnny Briggs
England Australia 2 2/3
Walter Giffen (b)
Jack Blackham (lbw)
Sydney Callaway (c W. G. Grace)
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney 2 February 1892 [13]
4
Lohmann, GeorgeGeorge Lohmann
England South Africa 2 1/3
Frederick Cook (b)
Bonnor Middleton (b)
Joseph Willoughby (c Tom Hayward)
St. George's Park, Port Elizabeth 14 February 1896 [14]
5
Hearne, JackJack Hearne
England Australia 2 3/5
Clem Hill (b)
Syd Gregory (c Archie MacLaren)
Monty Noble (c Ranjitsinhji)
Headingley, Leeds 30 June 1899 [15]
6
Trumble, HughHugh Trumble
Australia England 2 2/5
John Gunn (c Sammy Jones)
Arthur Jones (c Joe Darling)
Sydney Barnes (c and b)
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 4 January 1902 [16]
7
Trumble, HughHugh Trumble
Australia England 2 5/5
Bernard Bosanquet (c Algy Gehrs)
Plum Warner (c and b)
Dick Lilley (lbw)
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 8 March 1904 [17]
8
Matthews, JimmyJimmy Matthews
Australia South Africa 1 1/3
Rolland Beaumont (b)
Sid Pegler (lbw)
Tommy Ward (lbw)
Old Trafford, Manchester 28 May 1912 [18]
9
Matthews, JimmyJimmy Matthews
Australia South Africa 2 1/3
Herbie Taylor (b)
Reggie Schwarz (c and b)
Tommy Ward (c and b)
Old Trafford, Manchester 28 May 1912 [18]
10
Allom, MauriceMaurice Allom
England New Zealand 1 1/4
Tom Lowry (lbw)
Ken James (c Tich Cornford)
Ted Badcock (b)
Lancaster Park, Christchurch 10 January 1930 [19]
11
Goddard, TomTom Goddard
England South Africa 1 1/5
Dudley Nourse (c and b)
Norman Gordon (st Leslie Ames)
Billy Wade (b)
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg 26 December 1938 [20]
12
Loader, PeterPeter Loader
England West Indies 1 4/5
John Goddard (b)
Sonny Ramadhin (c Fred Trueman)
Roy Gilchrist (b)
Headingley, Leeds 25 July 1957 [21]
13
Kline, LindsayLindsay Kline
Australia South Africa 2 2/5
Eddie Fuller (c Richie Benaud)
Hugh Tayfield (lbw)
Neil Adcock (c Bob Simpson)
Newlands, Cape Town 3 January 1958 [22]
14
Hall, WesWes Hall
West Indies Pakistan 1 3/3
Mushtaq Mohammed (lbw)
Fazal Mahmood (c Garfield Sobers)
Nasim-ul-Ghani (b)
Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore 29 March 1959 [23]
15
Griffin, GeoffGeoff Griffin
South Africa England 1 2/5
M. J. K. Smith (c John Waite)
Peter Walker (b)
Fred Trueman (b)
Lord's, London 24 June 1960 [24]
16
Gibbs, LanceLance Gibbs
West Indies Australia 1 4/5
Ken Mackay (lbw)
Wally Grout (c Garfield Sobers)
Frank Misson (b)
Adelaide Oval, Adelaide 30 January 1961 [25]
17
Petherick, PeterPeter Petherick
New Zealand Pakistan 1 1/3
Javed Miandad (c Richard Hadlee)
Wasim Raja (c and b)
Intikhab Alam (c Geoff Howarth)
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore 9 October 1976 [26]
18
Walsh, CourtneyCourtney Walsh
West Indies Australia 1 & 2 1/5
Tony Dodemaide (c Viv Richards)
Mike Veletta (c Carl Hooper)
Graeme Wood (lbw)
Brisbane Cricket Ground, Brisbane 18–20 November 1988 [27]
19
Hughes, MervMerv Hughes
Australia West Indies 1 & 2 2/5
Curtly Ambrose (c Ian Healy)
Patrick Patterson (c Tony Dodemaide)
Gordon Greenidge (lbw)
WACA, Perth 3–4 December 1988 [28]
20
Fleming, DamienDamien Fleming
Australia Pakistan 2 2/3
Aamer Malik (c Michael Bevan)
Inzamam-ul-Haq (lbw)
Saleem Malik (c Ian Healy)
Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi 9 October 1994 [29]
21
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia England 2 2/5
Phil DeFreitas (lbw)
Darren Gough (c Ian Healy)
Devon Malcolm (c David Boon)
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne 29 December 1994 [30]
22
Cork, DominicDominic Cork
England West Indies 2 4/6
Richie Richardson (b)
Junior Murray (lbw)
Carl Hooper (lbw)
Old Trafford, Manchester 30 July 1995 [31]
23
Gough, DarrenDarren Gough
England Australia 1 5/5
Ian Healy (c Warren Hegg)
Stuart MacGill (b)
Colin Miller (b)
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney 2 January 1999 [32]
24
Wasim Akram
Pakistan Sri Lanka 1 3/4
Romesh Kaluwitharana (c Moin Khan)
Niroshan Bandaratilleke (b)
Pramodya Wickramasinghe (b)
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore 6 March 1999 [33]
25
Wasim Akram
Pakistan Sri Lanka 2 4/4
Avishka Gunawardene (c Shahid Afridi)
Chaminda Vaas (b)
Mahela Jayawardene (c Wajahatullah Wasti)
Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka 14 March 1999 [34]
26
Nuwan Zoysa
Sri Lanka Zimbabwe 1 2/3
Trevor Gripper (lbw)
Murray Goodwin (c Romesh Kaluwitharana)
Neil Johnson (lbw)
Harare Sports Club, Harare 26 November 1999 [35]
27
Abdul Razzaq
Pakistan Sri Lanka 1 2/3
Romesh Kaluwitharana (c Moin Khan)
Rangana Herath (lbw)
Ravi Pushpakumara (lbw)
Galle International Stadium, Galle 21 June 2000 [36]
28
McGrath, GlennGlenn McGrath
Australia West Indies 1 2/5
Sherwin Campbell (c Ricky Ponting)
Brian Lara (c Stuart MacGill)
Jimmy Adams (c Justin Langer)
WACA, Perth 1 December 2000 [37]
29
Harbhajan Singh
India Australia 1 2/3
Ricky Ponting (lbw)
Adam Gilchrist (lbw)
Shane Warne (c Sadagoppan Ramesh)
Eden Gardens, Calcutta 11 March 2001 [38]
30
Mohammad Sami
Pakistan Sri Lanka 1 3/3
Charitha Buddhika (lbw)
Nuwan Zoysa (lbw)
Muttiah Muralitharan (b)
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore 8 March 2002 [39]
31
Lawson, JermaineJermaine Lawson
West Indies Australia 1 & 2 3/4
Brett Lee (b)
Stuart MacGill (b)
Justin Langer (lbw)
Kensington Oval, Bridgetown 2–5 May 2003 [40]
32
Alok Kapali
Bangladesh Pakistan 1 2/3
Shabbir Ahmed (c Mashrafe Mortaza)
Danish Kaneria (lbw)
Umar Gul (lbw)
Arbab Niaz Stadium, Peshawar 29 August 2003 [41]
33
Blignaut, AndyAndy Blignaut
Zimbabwe Bangladesh 2 1/2
Hannan Sarkar (lbw)
Mohammad Ashraful (c sub (Travis Friend))
Mushfiqur Rahman (c Tatenda Taibu)
Harare Sports Club, Harare 22 February 2004 [42]
34
Hoggard, MatthewMatthew Hoggard
England West Indies 2 3/4
Ramnaresh Sarwan (c Ashley Giles)
Shivnarine Chanderpaul (lbw)
Ryan Hinds (c Andrew Flintoff)
Kensington Oval, Barbados 3 April 2004 [43]
35
Franklin, JamesJames Franklin
New Zealand Bangladesh 1 1/2
Manjural Islam Rana (c Brendon McCullum)
Mohammad Rafique (c Scott Styris)
Tapash Baisya (b)
Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka 20 October 2004 [44]
36
Irfan Pathan
India Pakistan 1 3/3
Salman Butt (c Rahul Dravid)
Younis Khan (lbw)
Mohammad Yousuf (b)
National Stadium, Karachi 29 January 2006 [45]
37
Sidebottom, RyanRyan Sidebottom
England New Zealand 2 1 /3
Stephen Fleming (c Alastair Cook)
Mathew Sinclair (c Alastair Cook)
Jacob Oram (lbw)
Seddon Park, Hamilton 8 March 2008 [46]
38
Siddle, PeterPeter Siddle
Australia England 1 1/5
Alastair Cook (c Shane Watson)
Matt Prior (b)
Stuart Broad (lbw)
Brisbane Cricket Ground, Brisbane 25 November 2010 [47]
39
Broad, StuartStuart Broad
England India 1 2/4
Mahendra Singh Dhoni (c James Anderson)
Harbhajan Singh (lbw)
Praveen Kumar (b)
Trent Bridge, Nottinghamshire 30 July 2011 [48]
40
Gazi, SohagSohag Gazi
Bangladesh New Zealand 2 1/2
Corey Anderson (lbw)
BJ Watling (c Mushfiqur Rahim)
Doug Bracewell (c Shakib Al Hasan)
Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium, Chittagong 13 October 2013 [49]
41
Broad, StuartStuart Broad
England Sri Lanka 1 2/2
Kumar Sangakkara (c Ian Bell)
Dinesh Chandimal (c Alastair Cook)
Shaminda Eranga (c Matt Prior)
Headingley, Leeds 20 June 2014 [50]
42
Herath, RanganaRangana Herath
Sri Lanka Australia 1 2/3
Adam Voges (c Dimuth Karunaratne)
Peter Nevill (lbw)
Mitchell Starc (lbw)
Galle International Stadium, Galle 5 August 2016 [51]
43
Ali, MoeenMoeen Ali
England South Africa 2 3/4
Dean Elgar (c Ben Stokes)
Kagiso Rabada (c Ben Stokes)
Morné Morkel (lbw)
The Oval, London 31 July 2017 [52]
By team[edit]
England and Australia combined have taken over half of all Test match hat-tricks to date, 25 of 43 (58.14%).[3]
Test hat-tricks by team
Team
Hat-tricks
England
14
Australia
11
Pakistan
4
West Indies
4
Bangladesh
2
India
2
Sri Lanka
2
New Zealand
2
South Africa
1
Zimbabwe
1
See also[edit]
List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks
List of Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks
References[edit]
General[edit]
"Record / Test matches / Bowling record / Hat-tricks". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Specific[edit]
Jump up ^ "India in England – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ McGhie, Tom (20 July 2011). "Landmark Test matches through the years as Lord's plays host to the 2,000th when England take on India". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Record / Test matches / Bowling record / Hat-tricks". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Triangular Tournament −1st match: Australia v South Africa Test Series – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin (11 August 2012). "No-balled out of the game". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ McGlashan, Andrew (25 November 2010). "Siddle hat-trick gives Australia control". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Islam, Mohammad (13 October 2013). "Gazi shines as Test ends in draw". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Lynch, Steven (13 October 2013). "Three-act plays". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "England v Rest Of The World, 1970 – 4th match". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "July 2000 – The best of the best?". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "England tour of Australia, 1878/79 – Only Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England (IFW Bligh's XI) tour of Australia, 1882/83: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England (Lord Sheffield's XI) tour of Australia, 1891/92: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of South Africa, 1895/96 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of England, 1899: The Ashes – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of Australia, 1901/02: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England (Marylebone Cricket Club) tour of Australia, 1903/04: The Ashes – 5th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Triangular Tournament, 1912: Australia v South Africa Test Series −1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of New Zealand, 1929/30 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of South Africa, 1938/39 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of England, 1957 – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of South Africa, 1957/58 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of Pakistan, 1958/59 – 3d Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "South Africa tour of England, 1960 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1960/61 – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand tour of Pakistan, 1976/77 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1988/89: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of Australia, 1988/89: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of Pakistan, 1994/95 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of Australia, 1994/95: The Ashes – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of England, 1995: The Wisden Trophy – 4th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of Australia, 1998/99: The Ashes – 5th Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Asian Championship Test, 1998/99 – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Asian Championship Test, 1998/99 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sri Lanka tour of Zimbabwe, 1999/00 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka, 2000 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of Australia, 2000/01 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of India, 2000/01 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Asian Championship Test, 2001/02 – Final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of West Indies, 2003: The Frank Worrell Trophy – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bangladesh tour of Pakistan, 2003 – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe, 2003/04 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of West Indies, 2003/04: The Wisden Trophy – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand tour of Bangladesh, 2004/05 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "India tour of Pakistan, 2005/06 – 3rd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of New Zealand, 2007/08 – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "England tour of Australia, 2010/11: The Ashes – 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "India tour of England, 2011: Pataudi Trophy – 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand tour of Bangladesh, 1st Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 13 Oct 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sri Lanka tour of England, 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 Jun 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of Sri Lanka, 2nd Test". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 5 Aug 2016.
Jump up ^ "3rd Test, South Africa tour of England at London, Jul 27 – Jul 31". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
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List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map of the United States with names and borders of states
The order in which the original 13 states ratified the 1787 Constitution, then the order in which the others were admitted to the union
A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government. Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside, due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government.[1] Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names.
States are the primary subdivisions of the United States and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying constitutional amendments. Each state has its own constitution grounded in republican principles, and government consisting of executive, legislative, and judicial branches.[2]
All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census.[3] Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.[4]
Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.[5]
The following table is a list of all 50 states and their respective dates of statehood. The first 13 became states in July 1776 upon agreeing to the United States Declaration of Independence, and each joined the first Union of states between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the Articles of Confederation, its first constitution.[6] (A separate table is included below showing AoC ratification dates.) These states are presented in the order in which each ratified the 1787 Constitution, thus joining the present federal Union of states. The date of admission listed for each subsequent state is the official date set by Act of Congress.[a]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of U.S. states
2 Articles of Confederation ratification dates
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
List of U.S. states[edit]
State
Date
(admitted or ratified)
Formed from
1 Delaware 000000001787-12-07-0000December 7, 1787[8]
(ratified) Colony of Delaware[b]
2 Pennsylvania 000000001787-12-12-0000December 12, 1787[10]
(ratified) Proprietary Province of Pennsylvania
3 New Jersey 000000001787-12-18-0000December 18, 1787[11]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New Jersey
4 Georgia 000000001788-01-02-0000January 2, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Georgia
5 Connecticut 000000001788-01-09-0000January 9, 1788[12]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Connecticut
6 Massachusetts 000000001788-02-06-0000February 6, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay
7 Maryland 000000001788-04-28-0000April 28, 1788[8]
(ratified) Proprietary Province of Maryland
8 South Carolina 000000001788-05-23-0000May 23, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of South Carolina
9 New Hampshire 000000001788-06-21-0000June 21, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New Hampshire
10 Virginia 000000001788-06-25-0000June 25, 1788[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony and Dominion of Virginia
11 New York 000000001788-07-26-0000July 26, 1788[13]
(ratified) Crown Colony of New York
12 North Carolina 000000001789-11-21-0000November 21, 1789[14]
(ratified) Crown Colony of North Carolina
13 Rhode Island 000000001790-05-29-0000May 29, 1790[8]
(ratified) Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
14 Vermont 000000001791-03-04-0000March 4, 1791[15]
(admitted) Vermont !Vermont Republic[c]
15 Kentucky 000000001792-06-01-0000June 1, 1792[16]
(admitted) Virginia (nine counties in its District of Kentucky[d])
16 Tennessee 000000001796-06-01-0000June 1, 1796[18]
(admitted) Southwest Territory
17 Ohio 000000001803-03-01-0000March 1, 1803[19][e]
(admitted) Northwest Territory (part)
18 Louisiana 000000001812-04-30-0000April 30, 1812[21]
(admitted) Orleans !Territory of Orleans
19 Indiana 000000001816-12-11-0000December 11, 1816
(admitted) Indiana Territory
20 Mississippi 000000001817-12-10-0000December 10, 1817[22]
(admitted) Mississippi Territory
21 Illinois 000000001818-12-03-0000December 3, 1818[23]
(admitted) Illinois Territory (part)
22 Alabama 000000001819-12-14-0000December 14, 1819[24]
(admitted) Alabama Territory
23 Maine 000000001820-03-15-0000March 15, 1820[25]
(admitted) Massachusetts (District of Maine[f])
24 Missouri 000000001821-08-10-0000August 10, 1821[26]
(admitted) Missouri Territory (part)
25 Arkansas 000000001836-06-15-0000June 15, 1836[27]
(admitted) Arkansas Territory
26 Michigan 000000001837-01-26-0000January 26, 1837[28]
(admitted) Michigan Territory
27 Florida 000000001845-03-03-0000March 3, 1845
(admitted) Florida Territory
28 Texas 000000001845-12-29-0000December 29, 1845
(admitted) Texas !Republic of Texas
29 Iowa 000000001846-12-28-0000December 28, 1846
(admitted) Iowa Territory (part)
30 Wisconsin 000000001848-05-29-0000May 29, 1848[29]
(admitted) Wisconsin Territory (part)
31 California 000000001850-09-09-0000September 9, 1850[30]
(admitted) Unorganized !unorganized territory (part)
32 Minnesota 000000001858-05-11-0000May 11, 1858[31]
(admitted) Minnesota Territory (part)
33 Oregon 000000001859-02-14-0000February 14, 1859
(admitted) Oregon Territory (part)
34 Kansas 000000001861-01-29-0000January 29, 1861[32]
(admitted) Kansas Territory (part)
35 West Virginia 000000001863-06-20-0000June 20, 1863[33]
(admitted) Virginia (50 Trans-Allegheny region counties[g])
36 Nevada 000000001864-10-31-0000October 31, 1864
(admitted) Nevada Territory
37 Nebraska 000000001867-03-01-0000March 1, 1867
(admitted) Nebraska Territory
38 Colorado 000000001876-08-01-0000August 1, 1876[36]
(admitted) Colorado Territory
39[h] North Dakota 000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted) Dakota Territory (part)
40 South Dakota 000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted) Dakota Territory (part)
41 Montana 000000001889-11-08-0000November 8, 1889[39]
(admitted) Montana Territory
42 Washington 000000001889-11-11-0000November 11, 1889[40]
(admitted) Washington Territory
43 Idaho 000000001890-07-03-0000July 3, 1890
(admitted) Idaho Territory
44 Wyoming 000000001890-07-10-0000July 10, 1890
(admitted) Wyoming Territory
45 Utah 000000001896-01-04-0000January 4, 1896[41]
(admitted) Utah Territory
46 Oklahoma 000000001907-11-16-0000November 16, 1907[42]
(admitted) Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory
47 New Mexico 000000001912-01-06-0000January 6, 1912
(admitted) New Mexico Territory
48 Arizona 000000001912-02-14-0000February 14, 1912
(admitted) Arizona Territory
49 Alaska 000000001959-01-03-0000January 3, 1959
(admitted) Alaska !Territory of Alaska
50 Hawaii 000000001959-08-21-0000August 21, 1959
(admitted) Hawaii !Territory of Hawaii
Articles of Confederation ratification dates[edit]
The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]
State
Date
13 !1 Virginia 000000001777-12-16-0000December 16, 1777
12 !2 South Carolina 000000001778-02-05-0000February 5, 1778
08 !3 New York 000000001778-02-06-0000February 6, 1778
11 !4 Rhode Island 000000001778-02-09-0000February 9, 1778
01 !5 Connecticut 000000001778-02-12-0000February 12, 1778
03 !6 Georgia 000000001778-02-26-0000February 26, 1778
06 !7 New Hampshire 000000001778-03-04-0000March 4, 1778
10 !8 Pennsylvania 000000001778-03-05-0000March 5, 1778
05 !9 Massachusetts 000000001778-03-10-0000March 10, 1778
09 !10 North Carolina 000000001778-04-05-0000April 5, 1778
07 !11 New Jersey 000000001778-11-19-0000November 19, 1778
02 !12 Delaware 000000001779-02-01-0000February 1, 1779
04 !13 Maryland 000000001781-02-02-0000February 2, 1781
See also[edit]
North America portal
United States portal
Enabling Act of 1802, authorizing residents of the eastern portion of the Northwest Territory to form the state of Ohio
Missouri Compromise, 1820 federal statute enabling the admission of Missouri (a slave state) and Maine (a free state) into the Union
Toledo War, 1835–36 boundary dispute between Ohio and the adjoining Michigan Territory, which delayed Michigan's admission to the Union
Texas annexation, the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States as a state in the Union
Legal status of Texas
Compromise of 1850, a package of congressional acts, one of which provided for the admission of California to the Union
Bleeding Kansas, a series of violent conflicts in Kansas Territory involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions in the years preceding Kansas statehood, 1854–61
Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing residents of Dakota, Montana, and Washington territories to form state governments (Dakota to be divided into two states) and to gain admission to the Union
Enabling Act of 1906 authorizing residents of Oklahoma, Indian, New Mexico, and Arizona territories to form state governments (Indian and Oklahoma territories to be combined into one state) and to gain admission to the Union
Alaska Statehood Act, admitting Alaska as a state in the Union as of January 3, 1959
Legal status of Alaska
Hawaii Admission Act, admitting Hawaii as a state in the Union as of August 21, 1959
Legal status of Hawaii
List of states and territories of the United States
Federalism in the United States
Proposals for a 51st state
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This list does not account for the secession of 11 states (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas) during the Civil War to form the Confederate States of America, nor for the subsequent restoration of those states to the Union, or each state's "readmission to representation in Congress" after the war, as the federal government does not give legal recognition to their having left the Union. Also, the Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede from the Union, but the Supreme Court held that a state cannot unilaterally do so in Texas v. White (1869).[7]
Jump up ^ Also known as the "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware". Delaware became a state on June 15, 1776, when the Delaware Assembly formally adopted a resolution declaring an end to Delaware's status as a colony of Great Britain and establishing the three counties as an independent state under the authority of "the Government of the Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Upon Delaware".[9]
Jump up ^ Between 1749 and 1764 the provincial governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth, issued approximately 135 grants for unoccupied land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River (in what is today southern Vermont), territory that was also claimed by New York. The resulting "New Hampshire Grants" dispute led to the rise of the Green Mountain Boys, and the later establishment of the Vermont Republic. New Hampshire's claim upon the land was extinguished in 1764 by royal order of George III, and in 1790 the State of New York ceded its land claim to Vermont for 30,000 dollars.
Jump up ^ The Virginia General Assembly adopted legislation on December 18, 1789 separating its "District of Kentucky" from the rest of the State and approving its statehood.[17]
Jump up ^ The exact date upon which Ohio became a state is unclear. On April 30, 1802 the 7th Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union" (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173). On February 19, 1803 the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201). Neither act, however, set a formal date of statehood. An official statehood date for Ohio was not set until 1953, when the 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union", (Pub.L. 83–204, 67 Stat. 407, enacted August 7, 1953) which designated March 1, 1803, as that date.[20]
Jump up ^ The Massachusetts General Court passed enabling legislation on June 19, 1819 separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (an action approved by the voters in Maine on July 19, 1819 by 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, passed a follow-up measure officially accepting the fact of Maine's imminent statehood.[17]
Jump up ^ On May 13, 1862, the General Assembly of the Restored Government of Virginia passed an act granting permission for creation of West Virginia.[34] Later, by its ruling in Virginia v. West Virginia (1871), the Supreme Court implicitly affirmed that the breakaway Virginia counties did have the proper consents necessary to become a separate state.[35]
Jump up ^ When President Benjamin Harrison signed the statehood proclamations for North and South Dakota he shuffled the papers on his desk and covered up all but the signature line of the documents. No one knows which state he signed into existence first. North Dakota's proclamation was published first in the Statutes at Large, as it is first in alphabetical order.[37]
^ Jump up to: a b Brought into existence within moments of each other on the same day, North and South Dakota are the nation's only twin-born states.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Erler, Edward. "Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship". The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature". Minnesota State Legislature.
Jump up ^ Kristin D. Burnett. "Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08)" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration.
Jump up ^ Elhauge, Einer R. "Essays on Article II: Presidential Electors". The Heritage Foundation.
Jump up ^ "Doctrine of the Equality of States". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
Jump up ^ "Texas v. White 74 U.S. 700 (1868)". Justia.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Vile, John R. (2005). The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America's Founding (Volume 1: A-M). ABC-CLIO. p. 658. ISBN 1-85109-669-8.
Jump up ^ "Delaware Government". Delaware.gov. Government Information Center, Delaware Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Overview of Pennsylvania History - 1776-1861: Independence to the Civil War". PA.gov. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission.
Jump up ^ "1787 Convention Minutes". NJ.gov. New Jersey Department of State.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 9". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: July 26". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 21". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "The 14th State". Vermont History Explorer. Vermont Historical Society.
Jump up ^ "Constitution Square Historic Site". Danville/Boyle County Convention and Visitors Bureau. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Name and Status History of the several States and U.S. Territories". TheGreenPapers.com.
Jump up ^ "State History Timeline". TN.gov. Tennessee Department of State. Archived from the original on April 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blue, Frederick J. (Autumn 2002). "The Date of Ohio Statehood". Ohio Academy of History Newsletter. Archived from the original on September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Clearing up the Confusion surrounding Ohio's Admission to Statehood
Jump up ^ "About Louisiana: quick facts". louisiana.gov. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Welcome from the Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission". Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: December 3". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Alabama History Timeline: 1800-1860". alabama.gov. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: March 15". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: August 10". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: June 15". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 26". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: May 29". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "California Admission Day September 9, 1850". CA.gov. California Department of Parks and Recreation.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: May 11". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: January 29". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: June 20". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ "A State of Convenience: The Creation of West Virginia, Chapter Twelve, Reorganized Government of Virginia Approves Separation". Wvculture.org. West Virginia Division of Culture and History.
Jump up ^ "Virginia v. West Virginia 78 U.S. 39 (1870)". Justia.com.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: August 1". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ MacPherson, James; Burbach, Kevin (November 2, 2014). "At 125 years of Dakotas statehood, rivalry remains". Bismarck Tribune.
^ Jump up to: a b "Today in History: November 2". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Wishart, David J. (ed.). "Montana". Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 11". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Thatcher, Linda Thatcher (2016). "Struggle For Statehood Chronology". historytogo.utah.gov. State of Utah.
Jump up ^ "Today in History: November 16". loc.gov. Library of Congress.
Jump up ^ Rodgers, Paul (2011). United States Constitutional Law: An Introduction. McFarland. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutstatehoodat Wikipedia's sister projects
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"U.S. States Videos". History.com.
"Dates of statehood". 50states.com.
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values: Списък на щатите по присъединяването им към САЩ – Bulgarian

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values: Seznam států USA podle vstupu do Unie – Czech

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