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Made in America (The Sopranos)
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"Made in America"
The Sopranos episode
The Soprano family meeting for dinner
Episode no.
Season 6
Episode 21
Directed by
David Chase
Written by
David Chase
Produced by
David Chase
Featured music
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" by
Vanilla Fudge
"It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" by
Bob Dylan
"Scratch Your Name"
by Noisettes
"All That You Dream" by
Little Feat
"Don't Stop Believin'" by
Journey
Cinematography by
Alik Sakharov
Editing by
Sidney Wolinsky
Production code
S621
Original air date
June 10, 2007 (2007-06-10)
Running time
60 minutes
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The Blue Comet" Next →
—
List of The Sopranos episodes
"Made in America" is the series finale of the HBO drama series The Sopranos. It is the 86th episode of the series, the ninth episode of the second part of the show's sixth season, and the 21st episode of the season overall. Written and directed by series creator, executive producer and showrunner David Chase, it first aired in the United States on June 10, 2007.
The plot of "Made in America" details the aftermath of the mob war between the DiMeo crime family, headed by series protagonist Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini), and the New York-based Lupertazzi family. Tony also has to deal with many familial concerns involving his wife Carmela (Edie Falco), son A.J. (Robert Iler), and daughter Meadow (Jamie-Lynn Sigler). As the series comes to a close, several characters make personal and professional adjustments.
"Made in America" was filmed in February and March 2007, and was the only episode other than the series' pilot directed by Chase. It attracted 11.9 million viewers on its premiere date.
The initial critical response was mostly favorable and since the episode's original broadcast that appreciation has grown considerably, ranking it as one of the best television finales. The episode was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award and won an Emmy Award for writing and an Eddie Award for editing. "Made in America" – especially its closing scene – has been the subject of much discussion, criticism, and analysis. It has, like the whole series, taken a prominent place in American popular culture.
Contents
[hide]
1 Starring
1.1 Guest starring
2 Plot summary
3 Production
3.1 Conception
3.2 Writing
3.3 Cast notes
3.4 Filming
3.5 Post-production
3.6 Music
4 Interpretations of the final scene
4.1 Comments from David Chase
5 Reception
5.1 Ratings
5.2 Response
5.2.1 Initial
5.2.2 Retrospective
5.3 Awards
6 References
7 External links
Starring[edit]
James Gandolfini as Tony Soprano
Lorraine Bracco as Dr. Jennifer Melfi *
Edie Falco as Carmela Soprano
Michael Imperioli as Christopher Moltisanti **
Dominic Chianese as Corrado "Junior" Soprano
Steven Van Zandt as Silvio Dante
Tony Sirico as Paulie Gualtieri
Robert Iler as Anthony Soprano, Jr.
Jamie-Lynn Sigler as Meadow Soprano
Aida Turturro as Janice Soprano Baccalieri
Frank Vincent as Phil Leotardo
Ray Abruzzo as Little Carmine Lupertazzi
Dan Grimaldi as Patsy Parisi
Sharon Angela as Rosalie Aprile
Maureen Van Zandt as Gabriella Dante
* = credit only ** = photo only
Guest starring[edit]
Gregory Antonacci as Butch DeConcini
Max Casella as Benny Fazio
Carl Capotorto as "Little Paulie" Germani
Arthur J. Nascarella as Carlo Gervasi
Matt Servitto as Agent Harris
Frank Albanese as Patrizio "Uncle Pat" Blundetto
John Cenatiempo as Anthony Maffei
John "Cha Cha" Ciarcia as Albie Cianflone
Michele DeCesare as Hunter Scangarelo
Michael Drayer as Jason Parisi
Frank John Hughes as Walden Belfiore
Michael Kelly as Agent Goddard
Geraldine LiBrandi as Patty Leotardo
David Margulies as Neil Mink
Angelo Massagli as Bobby Baccalieri, Jr.
Peter Mele as George Paglieri
Donna Pescow as Donna Parisi
Joseph Perrino as Jason Gervasi
Anthony Ribustello as Dante Greco
Daniel Sauli as Patrick Parisi
Jenna Stern as Dr. Doherty
Emily Wickersham as Rhiannon Flammer
Danielle Di Vecchio as Barbara Soprano Giglione
Ed Vassallo as Tom Giglione
Ricky Aiello as Raymond "Ray-Ray" D'Abaldo
Melanie Minichino as Tara Zincone
Amy Russ as Female FBI Agent
Paolo Colandrea as Man in Members Only Jacket
Rajesh Bose as Gas Station Manager
Avery Elaine and Emily Ruth Pulcher as Domenica Baccalieri (photo only)
Plot summary[edit]
Tony is in hiding with his crew. At nightfall, he meets FBI Agent Harris and gives him information about Ahmed and Muhammad. In exchange, he asks for Phil's location, but Harris says he knows nothing. Tony visits his family in the safe house where they are hiding and later joins them in attending Bobby's funeral. Tony visits Janice at her house; she tells him she will raise Bobby's children. Harris calls Tony with information that Phil has been using payphones from gas stations in Oyster Bay, Long Island, and Tony's crew begins surveilling gas stations in the area.
Phil calls Butchie from a payphone, expresses anger about his failure to kill Tony, and rejects Butchie's suggestion to make peace. Tony meets with Butchie to negotiate without Phil's knowledge. Butchie refuses to disclose his boss' location, but agrees to a truce and tells Tony to "do what you gotta do".
Tony and his family move back into their North Caldwell home. Benny and Walden track Phil to a gas station and shoot him dead; Agent Harris is pleased by this news, seemingly because there was an FBI pool on which crime family would kill the other.
A.J. and his girlfriend Rhiannon escape from his SUV after he left its engine running in dry leaves and let it catch fire. He takes up jogging and tells his parents he intends to join the Army. They arrange for him to work for Little Carmine's film production company, instead.
Meadow and Patrick announce they are engaged and that Meadow may land a job at a law firm. Meadow tells Tony she wants to defend those oppressed by the government, particularly immigrants; she considers her father a victim of FBI prejudice against Italian-Americans. Tony visits the comatose Silvio in the hospital.
Carlo goes missing; Paulie fears he may have become an informant after his son Jason was arrested on a drugs charge. Tony's lawyer, Neil Mink, tells Tony that Carlo is likely testifying and that Tony will be indicted.
With Carlo gone, Tony offers the leadership of the Aprile crew to Paulie. Paulie initially refuses, worrying that the crew is cursed, but accepts when Tony tells him he will offer the position to Patsy.
Janice meets Junior in the care home to tell him of Bobby's death, but Junior is too confused to understand. Pat tells Tony he believes Janice is scheming to claim for herself the last money Junior's accountant is holding.
Tony visits Junior and tells him to give the money to Bobby's children, but realizes Junior does not recognize him. Junior reacts with surprise when Tony reminds him of his involvement in the Mafia, and Tony leaves with tears in his eyes.
The Sopranos arrange to meet at a diner. Tony arrives first, and watches customers come and go. Carmela arrives next, and Tony tells her Carlo will testify. A.J. then arrives and reminds his father of his advice to "remember the good times". Meadow arrives late and parks her car outside. As the bell rings, Tony looks up.
Production[edit]
Conception[edit]
Showrunner David Chase planned the series ending and the final scene during the 21-month hiatus between Seasons 5 and 6, a long break HBO had granted him. The final scene was filmed almost exactly as Chase had envisioned. It was not intended as a setup for a future film, although Chase later commented "[t]here may be a day where we all come up with something," regarding a possible Sopranos feature. It was then-HBO chairman Chris Albrecht who suggested to Chase to conclude the series with the sixth season.[1][2][3]
Writing[edit]
As with every episode of the season, the plot outline of "Made in America" was developed by Chase and his writing staff, which for the final season consisted of executive producers Terence Winter and Matthew Weiner, and supervising producers and writing team Diane Frolov and Andrew Schneider. Frequent episode director Tim Van Patten also provided Chase with some storyline suggestions.[4][5] After the episode's story had been outlined, Chase wrote the first draft. After some input from his writing staff, Chase revised the script to its finished state, although he also made minor changes during filming. "Made in America" is Chase's 30th and final official writing credit (including story credits) for the series and his ninth as sole writer of an episode.[6][7]
Chase included allusions to real-life American Mafia history and events in the script for "Made in America", something he is well known for.[6] Specifically, the line "Damn! We're gonna win this thing!", spoken in the episode by the character Dwight Harris after being informed of the death of Phil Leotardo, alludes to former FBI supervisor Lindley DeVecchio. DeVecchio famously uttered the line after being told that Lorenzo "Larry" Lampasi had been shot to death in front of his Brooklyn home and was later charged for informing the Mafia on various accounts, another parallel to Tony Soprano and Dwight Harris.[1][8][9]
Cast notes[edit]
Maureen Van Zandt, who plays Gabriella Dante, is promoted to the main cast and billed in the opening credits but for this episode only. She is the final addition to the main cast of The Sopranos.
Filming[edit]
Holsten's Brookdale Confectionery, located in Bloomfield, New Jersey. The final scene of "Made in America"—also the final scene of the series—was shot in the restaurant in March 2007.
"Made in America" was directed by Chase and photographed by Alik Sakharov. The two served in the same capacities for the pilot episode, "The Sopranos", which was filmed in 1997. The series finale marks the second time Chase has officially directed an episode of The Sopranos, although as showrunner, he would oversee the direction of most episodes throughout the show's production.[10] "Made in America" marks the 38th and final credit for Sakharov as director of photography.
Principal photography commenced in late February and concluded in late March 2007. Exterior scenes and certain interior scenes of "Made in America" were filmed on location in Bergen County, New Jersey and in Brooklyn and Manhattan, New York City, New York. Additional interior scenes—including indoor shots of the Soprano residence and the back room of the strip club Bada Bing!—were filmed in a sound stage in Silvercup Studios, New York, where most such scenes of the series had been filmed. The final scene of the episode was filmed in late March 2007 at Holsten's Brookdale Confectionery, an ice cream and candy shop located in Bloomfield, New Jersey. The Bloomfield Township Council initially tried to stop HBO from filming in the town because "[they] found the HBO mob drama offensive to Italian-Americans" and voted to deny the production company a filming permit. However, as the council had no authority to stop filming in the town as long as the crew met the requirements stated in Bloomfield's code for filming crews, a permit was later issued.[11][12] As the show's producers needed to ensure that plot details of the ending would be kept a secret until the airdate, the scripts given to the crew members had their final pages removed. The final scene of these edited scripts was the one in which Tony is raking leaves outside his house, a scene that occurs 10 minutes before the real ending in the final cut. Chase received compliments for this scene from people who thought it was the real ending.[6][13]
Post-production[edit]
"Made in America" was edited by Sidney Wolinsky, one of the show's three editors, under the supervision of Chase.[10] Chase originally wanted the black screen at the end of the episode to last "all the way to the HBO whoosh sound," meaning that no credits would roll at the end of the episode, but did not receive a waiver from the Directors Guild of America to do so.[14][15]
Music[edit]
"Don't Stop Believin'" is played throughout the final scene of the series. Journey's lead singer Steve Perry initially refused to let David Chase use the song until he knew the fate of the leading characters and did not give final approval until three days before the episode aired. Perry feared that the song would be remembered as the soundtrack to Tony's demise until Chase assured him that would not be the case.[16] Immediately following the airing of "Made in America," the song enjoyed a great surge of popularity; its sales on iTunes, for example, grew 482 percent.[17] The newly growing attention to the band helped it climb out of the reportedly difficult times it was having at the time.[18]
Interpretations of the final scene[edit]
The final shot of Tony Soprano in "Made in America"
The final scene of "Made in America" became the subject of much discussion, controversy, and analysis after its original broadcast. The use of an abrupt cut to black followed by several seconds of silence led many viewers to initially believe that their cable or DVR had cut out at a crucial moment.[19] Opposing interpretations soon emerged among viewers regarding the ultimate fate of series protagonist Tony Soprano, with some believing that he was killed while others believe that he remains alive.[1][20]
One argument for the former points to a conversation that Tony had in the midseason premiere episode "Soprano Home Movies" with his brother-in-law Bobby, in which Bobby comments on how suddenly and without sound death can happen in their lives as gangsters: "You probably don't even hear it when it happens, right?" A flashback to this scene also appears in the final minutes of "The Blue Comet", the episode preceding "Made in America".[21][22] When questioned on the theory, HBO spokesman Quentin Schaffer stated that the conversation is a "legitimate" hint.[20] Also, Butchie DeConcini (the presumed successor of Phil Leotardo) was last seen saddled with reparations following the mob war. He had expressed ideas about killing Tony before ("Kaisha"), and Tony was, in the end, the very last DiMeo man left standing out of the three original Lupertazzi targets, who, Phil believed, if killed, would totally cripple the Jersey family. Hence, Tony would have been a tempting target of a hit. The final scene showing a man who glances at Tony (credited as "Man in Members Only Jacket") and who later goes to the bathroom, has been interpreted as a nod to the famous scene in The Godfather in which Michael Corleone retrieves a gun from the bathroom before shooting his enemies to death (Tony's favorite scene from the film, as revealed in the episode "Johnny Cakes").[23] Speculation has also linked the jacket of the man to the title of the opening episode of the season, "Members Only", in which Tony is shot, and also as a symbolic reference to the mysterious man's membership of the Mafia. Actor Matt Servitto said that in the script, the scene continued with the man in the Members Only jacket emerging from the bathroom and starting to walk towards Tony's table.[24] Servitto later clarified this statement, saying that he did not mean to imply that there was a completely different scripted ending, only that the "genius" editing was not what he had expected.[25]
Other viewers offer opposing interpretations. It has been suggested that the final scene portrays that, while Tony's life is fraught with fear and danger, which could come from anyone anywhere, and that while Tony has to constantly watch his back and look out for any emerging trouble (he keeps an eye on the diner entrance), life nevertheless goes on and the viewer simply does not get to continue seeing it. The lyrics of the closing song, seemingly telling the viewer "Don't stop believin'," are thought to support this, while the silent black screen space before the credits is meant to allow people to imagine and believe in their own continuations of Tony's story.[26] It can be stated that because of Tony's peace agreement with the Lupertazzi family, their tacit sanction of a hit on Phil, and Butchie's visible unwillingness to continue the hostilities, there was little legitimate basis to expect a hit on Tony from the Lupertazzis and the threat to him, although always present, was not higher than usual.[27]
Comments from David Chase[edit]
Chase has made various comments about the finale but has avoided providing an explanation to the meaning of the final scene. In his first interview after the broadcast of the finale with New Jersey paper The Star-Ledger, Chase stated,
I have no interest in explaining, defending, reinterpreting, or adding to what is there. No one was trying to be audacious, honest to God. We did what we thought we had to do. No one was trying to blow people's minds, or thinking, "Wow, this'll piss them off." People get the impression that you're trying to fuck with them and it's not true. You're trying to entertain them. [...] Anybody who wants to watch it, it's all there.[1]
Chase also addressed the opinion of some that the open-ended finale was insulting to the show's longtime fans:
I saw some items in the press that said, "This was a huge fuck you to the audience." That we were shitting in the audience's face. Why would we want to do that? Why would we entertain people for eight years only to give them the finger? We don't have contempt for the audience. In fact, I think The Sopranos is the only show that actually gave the audience credit for having some intelligence and attention span. We always operated as though people don't need to be spoon-fed every single thing—that their instincts and feelings and humanity will tell them what's going on.[2][28]
In an interview conducted by Brett Martin several weeks after the finale's original broadcast, Chase shared his views on the final episode and the reaction to it. On those fans of the show who demanded an unambiguous and definitive ending, Chase remarked,
There was so much more to say than could have been conveyed by an image of Tony facedown in a bowl of onion rings with a bullet in his head. Or, on the other side, taking over the New York mob. The way I see it is that Tony Soprano had been people's alter ego. They had gleefully watched him rob, kill, pillage, lie, and cheat. They had cheered him on. And then, all of a sudden, they wanted to see him punished for all that. They wanted "justice." They wanted to see his brains splattered on the wall. I thought that was disgusting, frankly. [...] The pathetic thing—to me—was how much they wanted his blood, after cheering him on for eight years.
Chase also made comments about the purported lack of finality in the final episode:
This wasn't really about "leaving the door open." There was nothing definite about what happened, but there was a clean trend on view—a definite sense of what Tony and Carmela's future looks like. Whether it happened that night or some other night doesn't matter.
On the future of the Soprano children, Chase said,
A.J.'s not going to be citizen-soldier or join the Peace Corps or try to help the world; he'll probably be some low-level movie producer. But he's not going to be a killer like his father, is he? Meadow may not be a pediatrician or even a lawyer, but she's not going to be a housewife like her mother. She'll learn to operate in the world in ways Carmela never did. [...] Tiny, little bits of progress—that's how it works.
On moments during and after the final scene, Chase referred to a scene from the episode "Stage 5":
There are no esoteric clues in there. No Da Vinci Code. Everything that pertains to that episode was in that episode. And it was in the episode before that and the one before that and seasons before this one and so on. There had been indications of what the end is like. Remember when Gerry Torciano was killed? Silvio was not aware that the gun had been fired until after Gerry was on his way down to the floor. That's the way things happen: It's already going on by the time you even notice it. [...] I'm not saying anything. And I'm not trying to be coy. It's just that I think that to explain it would diminish it.
In a December 2008 radio interview with Richard Belzer, Chase also mentioned the scenes from "Stage 5" and "Soprano Home Movies" in relation to the final scene.[29]
At the 2008 TCA Awards, held on July 22, Chase commented,
I wasn't going to do this, but somebody said it would be a good idea if we said something about that ending. I really wasn't going to go into it, but I'll just say this...when I was going to Stanford University's graduate film school and was 23, I went to see Planet of the Apes with my wife. When it was over, I said, "Wow...so they had a Statue of Liberty, too."[30]
In a November 2008 interview with Entertainment Weekly's Steve Daly, Chase stated,
"There's more than one way of looking at the ending. That's all I'll say."[31]
Chase revisited the final scene in an April 2015 interview with DGA Quarterly[32] and "suggested that fans, experts, and scholars have been over-thinking the ending to the show."[33]
“The ceiling I was going for at that point, the biggest feeling I was going for, honestly, was don’t stop believing. It was very simple and much more on the nose than people think. That’s what I wanted people to believe. That life ends and death comes, but don’t stop believing.
There are attachments we make in life, even though it’s all going to come to an end, that are worth so much, and we’re so lucky to have been able to experience them. Life is short.
Either it ends here for Tony or some other time. But in spite of that, it’s really worth it. So don’t stop believing.”
In response to reports that Chase has offered a definitive answer to the question of whether Tony Soprano lived or died, at the show's conclusion,[34][35] Chase has issued denials indicating such reports were incorrect and reiterated the stance he has consistently taken on the subject, and publications have printed retractions.[36][37]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
According to Nielsen ratings, an average of 11.9 million viewers watched "Made in America" on its United States premiere date Sunday June 10, 2007. This was a 49% increase from the previous episode and the show's best ratings for both parts of the sixth season. It was also the show's largest audience since the season five premiere.[38][39]
Response[edit]
Initial[edit]
"Made in America" received mainly favorable to semi-favorable initial reviews from critics, while early fan reception was mixed to negative, described by one critic as "a mixture of admiration and anger". During the weeks following the episode's original broadcast, "Made in America" and its closing scene in particular became the subject of much discussion and analysis. Several new interpretations and explanations of the ending were presented in magazines and on blogs, which led many critics and fans to reevaluate the ending.[2][15][19][28][40]
Marisa Carroll of PopMatters awarded "Made in America" a score of 8 out of 10 and particularly praised the final scene as one of the best of the series.[41] Mark Farinella of The Sun Chronicle called the episode "[a] perfect ending to a perfect TV series."[21] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly called "Made in America" "the perfect ending" and wrote about the final scene, "On shock of that cut to black, the marvelous way it got you to roll the scene over, again and again, in your mind's eye. [sic] Rather than bringing the series to a close, that blackout made The Sopranos live forever."[42] Tim Goodman of the San Francisco Chronicle characterized the finale as "[a]n ending befitting genius of Sopranos" and wrote that "Chase managed, with this ending, to be true to reality [...] while also steering clear of trite TV conventions."[43] Frazier Moore of the Associated Press called the episode "brilliant" and wrote that "Chase was true to himself."[44] Kim Reed of Television Without Pity gave "Made in America" the highest score of A+ and praised it for staying true to the show.[45] Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger called the finale "satisfying" and wrote that the episode "fit[s] perfectly with everything Chase has done on this show before."[46] Chicago Tribune critic Maureen Ryan's first review was mixed; she criticized the final scene for not providing any closure. Ryan later wrote: "Chase got me totally wound up, then ripped me away from that world. I was really mad at first [...] I still think what Chase did was, all due respect, kind of jerky. But minutes after the finale ended, I started laughing."[47][48]
Retrospective[edit]
Retrospective reviews of "Made in America" have been highly positive; the episode has been included on several lists of the best series finales of all time. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger wrote, in an essay analyzing the finale one year after its original broadcast, that he felt the episode was "brilliant."[40] In 2009, Arlo J. Wiley of Blogcritics wrote: "by focusing on that last ambiguous parting shot from creator David Chase, we run the risk of forgetting just how beautifully structured and executed an hour of television 'Made in America' is" and ranked it as the eighth-best series finale ever.[49] Also in 2009, Stacey Wilson of Film.com named "Made in America" one of the 10 best series finales of all time and wrote: "Crude, rude and no time for emotional B.S., this finale was a delicious end to a show that reveled in the ugliness of humanity."[50] TV Guide included "Made in America" in their "TV's Best Finales Ever" feature, writing: "What's there to say about this finale that hasn't already been said? The much-anticipated closer had everyone waiting to see if Tony was finally going to go from whacker to whackee. Instead, they got Journey, a greasy plate of onion rings and a black screen. But, the fact that we're still talking about it proves—for better or worse—that the episode did its job."[51]
In 2011, the finale was ranked #2 on the TV Guide Network special, TV's Most Unforgettable Finales.[52]
Awards[edit]
In 2007, "Made in America" won an Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards. It was the only category the episode was nominated in. This is the third and final time series creator/executive producer David Chase has won the award for his writing of the series.[53] In 2008, Chase was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award in the category of Drama Series (Night) but lost to fellow Sopranos director Alan Taylor, who won for directing the pilot episode of Mad Men, a series created by former Sopranos writer Matthew Weiner.[54][55] Also in 2008, Editor Sidney Wolinsky won an American Cinema Editors Eddie Award in the category of Best Edited One-Hour Series for Non-Commercial Television.[56]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Richard Belzer: I was working with Steve Schirripa recently. We were judging Last Comic Standing for NBC and we were talking about a lot of different things, obviously. And he was saying that he heard all these theories about the show that weren't, had nothing to do with what your intention was or what any of the actors thought. Like little hints along the way. Like a word. Like when Tony and Steve are on the boat at the lake and they say "you can never know it's gonna happen" or "you never know when it's gonna hit you." / David Chase: That was part of the ending. / Richard Belzer: Oh, it was? You see, what do I know? Are there other things that were in previous episodes that were a hint towards it? / David Chase: There was that. And there was a shooting to which Silvio was a witness. Well, he wasn't a witness, he was eating dinner with a couple of hookers and some other guy who got hit and there was some visual stuff that went on there which sort of amplified Tony's remarks to Bacala about, you know, "you don't know it's happened" or "you won't know it happens when it hits you." That's about it.— Belzer, Richard; Chase, David (2008-12-12). "Belzer and David Chase interview". Premium Air America. Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Michael (2007-07-22). "David Chase on The Sopranos ending – TCA Awards report". TV Squad. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
Jump up ^ Daly, Steve (2008-11-14). "Gangsters' Paradise". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
Jump up ^ Greenberg, James (Spring 2015). "This Magic Moment". DGA Quarterly. "Eight years after it aired, the finale of The Sopranos continues to be hotly debated. David Chase explains how he created the excruciating tension of the last scene. What he won't say is what happened at the end."
Jump up ^ "David Chase Breaks Down ‘The Sopranos’ Ending, Talks Tony Soprano’s Death". Inquisitr. April 2015.
Jump up ^ Whiteman, Bobbie (August 27, 2014). "Sopranos creator David Chase finally reveals fate of mob boss Tony Soprano seven years after THAT ending". Daily Mail.
Jump up ^ Nochimson, Martha P. (August 27, 2014). "Did Tony die at the end of The Sopranos? David Chase finally answers the question he wants fans to stop asking". Vox.
Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (August 27, 2014). "Retraction: David Chase Responds to Our Sopranos Piece". Vox.
Jump up ^ Zoller Seitz, Matt (April 15, 2015). "David Chase Offers Response to ‘Tony Soprano Didn’t Die’". Vulture. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Sopranos' Body Count: 11.9 Million". zap2it.com. 2007-06-12. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
Jump up ^ "Big Ratings for 'Wife,' 'Wives'". zap2it.com. 2007-06-05. Retrieved 2009-09-12. External link in |publisher= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Sepinwall, Alan (2008-06-09). "Onion rings and other things, one year later". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
Jump up ^ Carroll, Marisa (2007-06-19). "Before the Flood: The Series Finale". PopMatters. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (2007-06-15). "The Sopranos - Made in America". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Tim (2007-06-11). "An ending befitting genius of 'Sopranos'". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Moore, Frazier (2007-06-10). "No Easy Ending for 'The Sopranos'". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Reed, Kim (2007-06-15). "The Sopranos - "Made in America"". Television Without Pity. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (2007-06-10). "Sopranos Rewind: Made in America". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (2007-06-10). "Are you kidding me? That was the ending of 'The Sopranos'?". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (2007-06-12). "Further thoughts on that 'Sopranos' finale". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ Wiley, Arlo J. (2009-03-27). "The Ten Best Television Series Finales". Blogcritics. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Stacey (2009-04-02). "Top 10 TV Series Finales: The Sopranos, Friends, Cheers". Film.com. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ "TV's Best Finales Ever: The Sopranos". TV Guide. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Jump up ^ TV's Most Unforgettable Finales. TV Guide Network. May 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Emmy Awards Database". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
Jump up ^ "DGA Announces Nominees for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in All Categories for 2007". Directors Guild of America. 2008-01-10. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
Jump up ^ "DGA Award Winners and Special Award Recipients". Directors Guild of America. 2008-01-26. Archived from the original on 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
Jump up ^ "American Cinema Editors > ACE Eddie Awards". American Cinema Editors. Archived from the original on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
External links[edit]
"Made in America" at HBO
"Made in America" on IMDb
"Made in America" at TV.com
[show]
v
t
e
The Sopranos
Episodes
Season 1
"The Sopranos"
"46 Long"
"Denial, Anger, Acceptance"
"Meadowlands"
"College"
"Pax Soprana"
"Down Neck"
"The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti"
"Boca"
"A Hit Is a Hit"
"Nobody Knows Anything"
"Isabella"
"I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano"
Season 2
"Guy Walks into a Psychiatrist's Office..."
"Do Not Resuscitate"
"Toodle-Fucking-Oo"
"Commendatori"
"Big Girls Don't Cry"
"The Happy Wanderer"
"D-Girl"
"Full Leather Jacket"
"From Where to Eternity"
"Bust Out"
"House Arrest"
"The Knight in White Satin Armor"
"Funhouse"
Season 3
"Mr. Ruggerio's Neighborhood"
"Proshai, Livushka"
"Fortunate Son"
"Employee of the Month"
"Another Toothpick"
"University"
"Second Opinion"
"He Is Risen"
"The Telltale Moozadell"
"...To Save Us All from Satan's Power"
"Pine Barrens"
"Amour Fou"
"Army of One"
Season 4
"For All Debts Public and Private"
"No Show"
"Christopher"
"The Weight"
"Pie-O-My"
"Everybody Hurts"
"Watching Too Much Television"
"Mergers and Acquisitions"
"Whoever Did This"
"The Strong, Silent Type"
"Calling All Cars"
"Eloise"
"Whitecaps"
Season 5
"Two Tonys"
"Rat Pack"
"Where's Johnny?"
"All Happy Families..."
"Irregular Around the Margins"
"Sentimental Education"
"In Camelot"
"Marco Polo"
"Unidentified Black Males"
"Cold Cuts"
"The Test Dream"
"Long Term Parking"
"All Due Respect"
Season 6
Part I
"Members Only"
"Join the Club"
"Mayham"
"The Fleshy Part of the Thigh"
"Mr. & Mrs. John Sacrimoni Request..."
"Live Free or Die"
"Luxury Lounge"
"Johnny Cakes"
"The Ride"
"Moe n' Joe"
"Cold Stones"
"Kaisha"
Part II
"Soprano Home Movies"
"Stage 5"
"Remember When"
"Chasing It"
"Walk Like a Man"
"Kennedy and Heidi"
"The Second Coming"
"The Blue Comet"
"Made in America"
Characters
Primary
Tony Soprano
Jennifer Melfi
Carmela Soprano
Christopher Moltisanti
Junior Soprano
Big Pussy Bonpensiero
Silvio Dante
Paulie Gualtieri
Anthony Soprano, Jr.
Meadow Soprano
Adriana La Cerva
Richie Aprile
Janice Soprano
Livia Soprano
Secondary
Johnny Sack
Bobby Baccalieri
Furio Giunta
Vito Spatafore
Ralph Cifaretto
Tony Blundetto
Carmine Lupertazzi
Jackie Aprile Jr.
Mikey Palmice
Matthew Bevilaqua
Sean Gismonte
Ray Curto
Dwight Harris
Larry Barese
Fictional universe
Soprano crime family
Lupertazzi crime family
Friends and family
Satriale's Pork Store
Bada Bing
Cleaver
FBI
Related articles
Awards and nominations
Music
The Sopranos: Road to Respect
Pinball game
David Chase
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
1955–1975
Reginald Rose for Twelve Angry Men (1955)
Rod Serling (1960)
Rod Serling (1961)
Reginald Rose (1962)
Robert Thom / Reginald Rose for "The Madman" (1963)
Ernest Kinoy for "Blacklist" and Rod Serling for "It's Mental Work" (1964)
David Karp for "The 700 Year Old Gang" (1965)
Millard Lampell for "Eagle in a Cage" (1966)
Bruce Geller for "Mission: Impossible" (1967)
Loring Mandel for "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" (1968)
JP Miller for "The People Next Door" (1969)
Richard Levinson & William Link for "My Sweet Charlie" (1970)
Joel Oliansky for "To Taste of Death But Once" (1971)
Richard Levinson & William Link for "Death Lends a Hand" (1972)
John McGreevey for "The Scholar" (1973)
Joanna Lee for "The Thanksgiving Story" (1974)
Howard Fast for "Benjamin Franklin: The Ambassador" (1975)
1976–2000
Sherman Yellen for "John Adams: Lawyer" (1976)
William Blinn & Ernest Kinoy for "Show #2" (1977)
Gerald Green for "Holocaust" (1978)
Michele Gallery for "Dying" (1979)
Seth Freeman for "Cop" (1980)
Steven Bochco, Michael Kozoll for "Hill Street Station" (1981)
Steven Bochco, Michael Kozoll, Jeff Lewis, Michael I. Wagner, Anthony Yerkovich for "Freedom's Last Stand" (1982)
David Milch for "Trial by Fury" (1983)
Tom Fontana, John Masius, John Ford Noonan for "The Women" (1984)
Patricia Green for "Who Said It's Fair, Part 2" (1985)
Tom Fontana, John Masius, Joe Tinker for "Time Heals, Parts I & II" (1986)
Steven Bochco, Terry Louise Fisher for "The Venus Butterfly" (1987)
Paul Haggis, Marshall Herskovitz for "Business as Usual" (1988)
Joseph Dougherty for "First Day/Last Day" (1989)
David E. Kelley for "Blood, Sweat, and Fears" (1990)
David E. Kelley for "On the Toad Again" (1991)
Diane Frolov / Andrew Schneider for "Seoul Mates" (1992)
Tom Fontana for "Three Men and Adena" (1993)
Ann Biderman for "Steroid Roy" (1994)
Lance A. Gentile for "Love's Labor Lost" (1995)
Darin Morgan for "Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose" (1996)
Stephen Gaghan / David Milch / Michael R. Perry for "Where's Swaldo?" (1997)
Bill Clark / Nicholas Wootton / David Milch for "Lost Israel: Part II" (1998)
David Chase / James Manos Jr. for "College" (1999)
Rick Cleveland & Aaron Sorkin for "In Excelsis Deo" (2000)
2001–present
Mitchell Burgess & Robin Green for "Employee of the Month" (2001)
Robert Cochran / Joel Surnow for "12:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m." (2002)
Mitchell Burgess & David Chase & Robin Green for "Whitecaps" (2003)
Terence Winter for "Long Term Parking" (2004)
David Shore for "Three Stories" (2005)
Terence Winter for "Members Only" (2006)
David Chase for "Made in America" (2007)
Matthew Weiner for "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" (2008)
Kater Gordon & Matthew Weiner for "Meditations in an Emergency" (2009)
Erin Levy & Matthew Weiner for "Shut the Door. Have a Seat." (2010)
Jason Katims for "Always" (2011)
Alex Gansa & Howard Gordon & Gideon Raff for "Pilot (Homeland)" (2012)
Henry Bromell for "Q&A" (2013)
Moira Walley-Beckett for "Ozymandias" (2014)
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss for "Mother's Mercy" (2015)
David Benioff & D. B. Weiss for "Battle of the Bastards" (2016)
Bruce Miller for "Offred" (2017)
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Grand Canyon National Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the national park in the southwestern United States. For the canyon itself, see Grand Canyon.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Grand Canyon National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Grand Canyon from the South Rim at dawn
Location
Coconino and Mohave counties, Arizona, United States
Nearest city
Fredonia, Arizona (North Rim)
Tusayan, Arizona (South Rim)
Coordinates
36°03′19″N 112°07′19″W / 36.0552608°N 112.1218355°W / 36.0552608; -112.1218355Coordinates: 36°03′19″N 112°07′19″W / 36.0552608°N 112.1218355°W / 36.0552608; -112.1218355[1]
Area
1,217,262 acres (4,926.08 km2)[2]
Established
February 26, 1919 (1919-02-26)
Visitors
6,254,238 (in 2017)[3]
Governing body
National Park Service
Website
Grand Canyon National Park
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Criteria
Natural: vii, viii, ix, x
Reference
75
Inscription
1979 (3rd Session)
From Powell Point on the South Rim
Grand Canyon National Park is the 15th site in the United States to have been named a national park. Named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, the park is located in northwestern Arizona. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 492,608 ha; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received nearly six million recreational visitors in 2016, which is the second highest count of all U.S. national parks after Great Smoky Mountains National Park.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 North Rim
2.2 South Rim
2.2.1 Services
2.2.2 Lodging
3 Activities
3.1 South Rim
3.2 North Rim
4 Development
5 Grand Canyon Association
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
"Grand Canyon" was officially designated a national park on February 26, 1919,[5] though the landmark had been well known to Americans for over thirty years prior.[6] In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt visited the site and said: "The Grand Canyon fills me with awe. It is beyond comparison—beyond description; absolutely unparalleled through-out the wide world... Let this great wonder of nature remain as it now is. Do nothing to mar its grandeur, sublimity and loveliness. You cannot improve on it. But what you can do is to keep it for your children, your children's children, and all who come after you, as the one great sight which every American should see."[7]
Despite Roosevelt's enthusiasm and strong interest in preserving land for public use, the Grand Canyon was not immediately designated as a national park. The first bill to establish Grand Canyon National Park was introduced in 1882 by then-Senator Benjamin Harrison, which would have established Grand Canyon as the second national park in the United States after Yellowstone. Harrison unsuccessfully reintroduced his bill in 1883 and 1886; after his election to the presidency, he established the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve in 1893. Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon Game Preserve by proclamation on 28 November 1906,[8] and the Grand Canyon National Monument in 1908.[9] Further Senate bills to establish the site as a national park were introduced and defeated in 1910 and 1911, before the Grand Canyon National Park Act was finally signed by President Woodrow Wilson in 1919. The National Park Service, established in 1916, assumed administration of the park.
The creation of the park was an early success of the conservation movement. Its national park status may have helped thwart proposals to dam the Colorado River within its boundaries. (Later, the Glen Canyon Dam would be built upriver.) In 1975, the former Marble Canyon National Monument, which followed the Colorado River northeast from the Grand Canyon to Lee's Ferry, was made part of Grand Canyon National Park. In 1979, UNESCO declared the park a World Heritage Site.
In 2010, Grand Canyon National Park was honored with its own coin under the America the Beautiful Quarters program.[10]
Geography[edit]
The Grand Canyon, including its extensive system of tributary canyons, is valued for its combination of size, depth, and exposed layers of colorful rocks dating back to Precambrian times. The canyon itself was created by the incision of the Colorado River and its tributaries after the Colorado Plateau was uplifted, causing the Colorado River system to develop along its present path.
The primary public areas of the park are the North and South Rims of the Grand Canyon itself. The rest of the park is extremely rugged and remote, although many places are accessible by pack trail and backcountry roads. Only the Navajo Bridge near Page connects the rims by road in Arizona; this journey can take around five hours by car. Otherwise, the two rims of the Canyon are connected via the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge and the Hoover Dam.[11]
The park headquarters are at Grand Canyon Village, not far from the south entrance to the park, near one of the most popular viewpoints.
North Rim[edit]
Sunset at Cape Royal Point, Grand Canyon National Park North Rim
The North Rim is a smaller, more remote area with less tourist activity. It is accessed by Arizona State Route 67.[12]
South Rim[edit]
From Desert View on the South Rim
The South Rim is more accessible than the North Rim;[13] most visitors to the park come to the South Rim, arriving on Arizona State Route 64. The highway enters the park through the South Entrance, near Tusayan, Arizona, and heads eastward, leaving the park through the East Entrance.[13] Interstate 40 provides access to the area from the south. From the north, U.S. Route 89 connects Utah, Colorado, and the North Rim to the South Rim.[14] Overall, some 30 miles of the South Rim are accessible by road.[citation needed]
Services[edit]
Grand Canyon Village is located at the north end of U.S. Route 180, coming from Flagstaff. It is a full-service community, including lodging, fuel, food, souvenirs, a hospital, churches, and access to trails and guided walks and talks.[11]
Lodging[edit]
Several lodging facilities are available along the South Rim. Hotels and other lodging include: El Tovar, Bright Angel Lodge, Kachina Lodge, Thunderbird Lodge, and Maswik Lodge, all of which are located in the village area, and Phantom Ranch, located on the canyon floor. There is also an RV Park named Trailer Village. All of these facilities are managed by Xanterra Parks & Resorts, while the Yavapai Lodge (also in the village area) is managed by Delaware North.[15]
On the North rim there is the historic Grand Canyon Lodge[15] managed by Forever Resorts and a campground near the lodge, managed by the National Park staff.[16]
Activities[edit]
South Rim[edit]
Play media
A 6-minute video of a flight over the Grand Canyon
A variety of activities at the South Rim cater to park visitors. The South Rim Drive (35 miles (56 km) is a driving tour split into two segments. The western drive to Hermit's Point is 8 miles (13 km) with several overlooks along the way, including Mohave Point, Hopi Point, and the Powell Memorial.[11] From March to December, access to Hermit's Rest is restricted to the free shuttle provided by the Park Service. The eastern portion to Desert View is 25 miles (40 km), and is open to private vehicles year round.
Walking tours include the Rim Trail, which runs west from the Pipe Creek viewpoint for about 8 miles (13 km) of paved road, followed by 7 miles (11 km) unpaved to Hermit's Rest. Hikes can begin almost anywhere along this trail, and a shuttle can return hikers to their point of origin. Mather Point, the first view most people reach when entering from the South Entrance, is a popular place to begin.
Private canyon flyovers are provided by helicopters and small airplanes out of Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Grand Canyon National Park Airport. Due to a crash in the 1990s, scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1,500 feet (460 m) of the rim within the Grand Canyon National Park.[17] Flights within the canyon are still available outside of park boundaries.[18]
North Rim[edit]
From Toroweap Overlook on the North Rim
On the North Rim there are few roads, however, there are some notable vehicle accessible lookout points including Point Imperial, Roosevelt Point, and Cape Royal. Mule rides are also available that go to a variety of places including several thousand feet down into the canyon.
Many visitors to the North Rim choose to make use of the variety of hiking trails including the Widforss Trail, Uncle Jim's Trail, the Transept Trail, and the North Kaibab Trail, the latter of which can be followed all the way down to the Colorado River, and to across to the South Kaibab Trail and the Bright Angel Trail, which continue up to the south rim of the Grand Canyon.
The Toroweap Overlook is located in the western part of the park on the North Rim. Access is via unpaved roads off Route 389 west of Fredonia, Arizona. The roads lead through Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument and to the overlook.
Development[edit]
The US government had halted development of a 1.6 million acres area including the National Park from 1966 to 2009, during the Bennett Freeze, because of an ownership dispute between Hopi and Navajo.[19]
Grand Canyon Association[edit]
Main article: Grand Canyon Association
The Grand Canyon Association (GCA) is the National Park Service's official nonprofit partner. It raises private funds to benefit Grand Canyon National Park by operating retail shops and visitor centers within the park, and providing educational opportunities about the natural and cultural history of the region.
Gallery[edit]
1938 poster of the park
Little Colorado River
Colorado River from the South Rim
A rockfall from the North Rim
From the South Rim in winter
America The Beautiful Quarter
A view from the North Rim
A view from the South Rim
See also[edit]
Arizona portal
List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park
List of national parks of the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Grand Canyon National Park Visitor Center". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
Jump up ^ "Listing of acreage as of December 31, 2011". Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Annual Park Ranking Report for Recreation Visits". NPS.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Yanagihara, Wendy; Denniston, Jennifer (2008). Grand Canyon National Park. Lonely Planet. p. 95. ISBN 1741044839.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Michael F. "Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park" (PDF). Grand Canyon Association. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ Pryputniewicz, Vanya; Peterson, Peter. "Grand Canyon National Park Presents Living History Performance of President Theodore Roosevelt". nps.gov. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ 35 Stat. 2175
Jump up ^ "Grand Canyon Coin Introduced" (PDF). United States Mint. 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2015. The Grand Canyon National Park Quarter is the fourth coin of 2010 in the America the Beautiful Quarters® Program. The reverse image features a view of the granaries above the Nankoweap Delta in Marble Canyon near the Colorado River.
^ Jump up to: a b c National Park Service (1972). South Rim. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: US Government Printing Office.
Jump up ^ "How Do I Travel to the North Rim?". National Park Service. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Rand McNally; National Park Buide; Michael Frome; Rand McNally & Company, Chicago; 1970; pg 47
Jump up ^ Rand McNally (2010). Road Atlas. United States, Canada, Mexico.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lodging". National Park Service. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Campgrounds - North Rim". National Park Service. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Grand Canyon West. "Grand Canyon Helicopter & Aerial Tours".
Jump up ^ Kate Linthicum (November 5, 2009). "Trying to be rebuild after 40 frozen years". Retrieved 5 March 2015.
External links[edit]
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Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS) No. AZ-6, "Mather Point Overlook, South Entrance Road, Grand Canyon Village, Coconino County, AZ", 23 photos, 3 measured drawings, 2 data pages
Geographic data related to Grand Canyon National Park at OpenStreetMap
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Canyon_National_Park&oldid=832700029"
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values: متنزه غراند كانيون الوطني – Arabic

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values: Гранд Каньон (национален парк) – Bulgarian

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values: Parque nacional del Gran Cañón – Spanish

values: Arroila Handiaren Parke Nazionala – Basque

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values: پارک ملی گرند کنیون – Persian

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values: Taman Nasional Grand Canyon – Indonesian

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values: Parco nazionale del Grand Canyon – Italian

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values: הפארק הלאומי גרנד קניון – Hebrew

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values: Parka Neteweyî ya Kanyona Mezin – Kurdish

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values: Didžiojo kanjono nacionalinis parkas – Lithuanian

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values: Park Narodowy Wielkiego Kanionu – Polish

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values: Parque Nacional do Grand Canyon – Portuguese

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