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Tammin Sursok
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Tammin Sursok
Born
Tammin Pamela Sursok
(1983-08-19) 19 August 1983 (age 34)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Occupation
Actress
singer
Years active
2000–present
Spouse(s)
Sean McEwen (m. 2011)[1]
Children
1
Musical career
Genres
Pop rock
power pop
Labels
Sony BMG (2004–2005) Sony Music (2010–present)
Tammin Pamela Sursok (born 19 August 1983) is a South African-born Australian actress and singer. She is known for her roles on television as Dani Sutherland on Home and Away, Colleen Carlton on The Young and the Restless, and Jenna Marshall on Pretty Little Liars.
Contents
[hide]
1 Personal life
2 Career
2.1 2000–2004: Home and Away
2.2 2004–2006: Whatever Will Be
2.3 2006–present: Focus on films and television work
3 Filmography
4 Discography
4.1 Albums
4.2 Soundtracks
4.3 Singles
5 Awards
6 References
7 External links
Personal life[edit]
Sursok was born to Daryl and Julie Sursok in Johannesburg, South Africa. When she was four, her family immigrated to Sydney, Australia. Her mother, Julie, is a classically trained pianist and guitarist. As a result, Sursok was brought up surrounded by music. Early on, Sursok was involved with the Sydney Youth Musical Theatre where she pursued her interests in acting, music, and dance. She also studied at the Trinity Speech and Drama College. Sursok was educated at Ravenswood School for Girls, in Gordon, Sydney, studying speech and drama in her final years of school.
On 24 August 2011, Sursok married her boyfriend, actor, producer, and director Sean McEwen, in Florence, Italy.[2][3][4] Sursok signed an exclusive deal with the Australian magazine Woman's Day to publish the couple's wedding photos[5] In April 2013, Sursok revealed that her movie Sleeping Around was filmed in the middle of her wedding.[6] The couple has one child, a daughter, born in October 2013.[7] Sursok also has three dogs.[8]
On March 16, 2016, Sursok posted a photo of herself as an adolescent on Instagram and revealed that she had been bullied because of her weight. The post was part of her #ThisIsBeautiful hashtag campaign which aims to empower people and change the message around beauty standards. The accompanying post read:
.For all of you being bullied out there. This is me. Growing up I was overweight and spent most of my adolescence being bullied because of it. I definitely wasn’t the popular girl, but it didn’t define me. You can be ANYTHING you want to be in your life. It’s your choice which path you take. Don’t let other people’s words give you your self worth. You are beautiful. I was beautiful. It just took me a long time to love myself. #thisisbeautiful[9]
She has a tattoo on her waist saying "Mind Body Soul".[10]
Career[edit]
2000–2004: Home and Away[edit]
In 1999, after completing year 10, Sursok acquired an agent and landed her first audition for a role in the long-running Australian drama series Home and Away.[11][12] She was cast in the role of Dani Sutherland, the rebellious eldest daughter of the Sutherland family who took over the running of the Caravan Park.[13] The actress considered herself lucky to get the part, calling the experience "incredible".[11] In an interview with TeenHollywood she stated, "It was my first audition, so I thought it always worked like that, and you always get your first audition, but that is not the case."[11] Sursok's performance in the role earned her a win for the Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent beating out Caroline Craig, Madeleine West and Karina Brown.[14][15] Sursok's performance earned her a nomination for the Logie Award for Most Popular Actress, losing out to McLeod's Daughters star Lisa Chappell.[16]
2004–2006: Whatever Will Be[edit]
Sursok left Home and Away in 2004 so that she could pursue a music career, and acting opportunities, in the United States.[11] "I'm 21 and it's time to be more creative. It is scary, but I had to leave before I became stale."[17] In 2004, Sursok acknowledged that she was signed to Sony BMG Music Entertainment, confirming reports that recording for her debut studio album had begun.
Sursok's solo album, Whatever Will Be, was released on 22 May 2005, under Sony Music Entertainment with songwriters Savan Kotecha, David Kreuger, Marion Raven, Steve Booker; and producers John Shanks, Per Mangusson and David Kreuger.[18][18] Whatever Will Be made its debut on the ARIA Albums Chart at number thirteen.[19] During its second week on the charts, it remained at its peak position of #13;[20] however, during its third week, it had a significant drop by 23 spots, landing the album at #36.[21] During its fourth week, it fell further landing at #43.[22] It ended its run on June 20, falling completely off the charts and has not charted since.[18][23] The album's lead single, "Pointless Relationship", debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at #7 before peaking at #5, spending 15 weeks on the charts.[24] Upon the song's release, it quickly shot to #1 on the Australian Top 100 Radio Airplay Chart, becoming the highest charting debut single in years.[18] "Pointless Relationship" certified Platinum in Australia.[24] The second single, "Whatever Will Be", debuted at #13 on the ARIA Singles Chart and spent a total of 18 weeks on the charts.[23] "Whatever Will Be" was the 98th best-selling single of 2005 in Australia.[23] The third and final single off Whatever Will Be, "It's a Beautiful Thing", quickly debuted on the ARIA Singles chart at #30. The song peaked at #6, spending 12 weeks on the charts.[18] "It's a Beautiful Thing" became the second most downloaded song in its debut week, after Rob Thomas's "This Is How a Heart Breaks".[18] It also peaked at #49 on the Australian Top 100 Radio Airplay Chart, becoming her lowest charting single.[18]
After the success of her album, Whatever Will Be, plans were made to launch Sursok in the UK, but these unexpectedly fell through due to changes at her record label. The title track, "Whatever Will Be", was covered by Vanessa Hudgens for her RIAA-certified debut album, V.
2006–present: Focus on films and television work[edit]
After her UK plans fell through, Sursok relocated from Australia to Los Angeles, California in 2006 in order to concentrate on her acting career.[18] That same year, she made her film debut in a bit role in the film Aquamarine.
In 2007, after a successful audition, Sursok became the third actress to portray Colleen Carlton on the American soap opera television series, The Young and the Restless. Her debut was quickly met with criticism from a number of The Young and the Restless viewers.[25][26] Despite the negativity, she received comparable positive viewer feedback. "The fans have been really great."[27] In preparation for the role, Sursok tried to catch up on Colleen's history. "I watched the last six months of episodes," she said. "My boyfriend used to date a girl who was obsessed with Y&R, so he knew everything about it and brought me up to speed, as well."[28] Sursok earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her portrayal of Colleen the following year.[25] After two years in the role, Sursok departed causing the writers to kill off Colleen.[29][30] In an interview with Soap Opera Digest in October 2009, Sursok said it was difficult to pursue outside projects and appear on The Young and the Restless as well. Her departure was a mutual decision between Sursok and the showrunners.[30]
In 2009, Sursok starred in the Nickelodeon made-for-television musical film Spectacular!.[18] She portrayed the role of Courtney, the lead singer in a high school choir, Spectacular, which is fading in popularity. Courtney convinces a troubled, aspiring musician to joining the choir in an attempt to regain their popularity.[18] Sursok recorded over three tracks for the film's soundtrack, which debuted at #44 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[18] The film premiered on February 16, 2009, to over 3.7 million viewers[31] and received mixed reviews from critics. The soundtrack, recorded in 2008, was released on February 3, 2009. Sursok appeared on seven songs on the album, including two solos. The soundtrack peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200.
From July 2010 to January 2011, Sursok had a recurring role on the Disney Channel Original Series Hannah Montana. She appeared in eight episodes. In 2010, Sursok was cast in ABC Family's planned television adaptation of the Sara Shepard teen mystery book trilogy, Pretty Little Liars. Sursok was cast as Jenna Marshall, a teenage girl who is left blind after a prank gone wrong. The series premiered in June that same year to over 2.47 million viewers.[32] The role is Sursok's most well-known internationally. In June 2013, Sursok announced that she would continue her role as Jenna through her pregnancy.[33]
She played Sarah Corso in the indie film Driving By Braille, directed by Kristina Lloyd and written by Richard H. Moon, released on DVD in May 2013. The story tells of a young woman who relives childhood trauma when she senses her boyfriend is about to propose, and who must sort through the crippling fear and doubt that is holding her back before her past destroys the couple's future. The film also stars Ryan Eggold, Steven Bauer, Finola Hughes, Manu Intiraymi, Andrea Marcovicci, Michael Woods, Mary Alexandra Stiefvater, Madeline Moon, and Indi Bellanova.[34]
In 2014, after several reports of Sursok indicating she was returning to music, she released a collaboration with singer Joe Brooks, covering "Say Something" made famous by A Great Big World featuring Christina Aguilera.[35]
Filmography[edit]
Film roles
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2006 Aquamarine Marjorie
2009 Crossing Over Rosalyn
2009 Albino Farm Stacey
2009 The Unknown Chance Short film
2009 Neighbors Are Friends Madeline James Short film
2010 Flicka 2 Carrie McLaughlin Direct-to-DVD
2011 Husk Natalie
2013 Driving by Braille Sarah Corso Direct-to-DVD
2013 10 Rules for Sleeping Around Kate Oliver
2014 Cam2Cam Allie Westbrook
Television roles
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2000–2004 Home and Away Dani Sutherland Regular role; 297 episodes
2007 Rules of Engagement Woman Episode: "Game On"
2007–2009 The Young and the Restless Colleen Carlton Regular role, 165 episodes
2008 In Plain Sight Nicole Episode: Pilot
2009 Spectacular! Courtney Nickelodeon Original Movie
2010–2011 Hannah Montana Siena Recurring role (season 4); 8 episodes
2010–2017 Pretty Little Liars Jenna Marshall Recurring role (seasons 1–5, 7)
2012 Airship Dracula Amelia Television miniseries
2015 Bound & Babysitting Maggie Television movie
2016 You May Now Kill the Bride Audrey Television movie
2016 Girlfriends of Christmas Past Livvy Beal Television movie
Discography[edit]
Albums[edit]
Year
Album details
Peak chart positions
AUS
2005 Whatever Will Be
Released: 22 May 2005 (Australia)
Label: Sony BMG
Format: CD, digital download
13[23]
Soundtracks[edit]
Year
Album details
Peak chart positions
US
2009 Spectacular!
Released: 3 February 2009
Label: Nick Records
Format: CD
44[36]
Singles[edit]
Year
Song
Peak chart positions
Album
AUS
[23]
2004 "Pointless Relationship" 5 Whatever Will Be
2005 "Whatever Will Be" 13
"It's a Beautiful Thing" 30
2014 "Say Something" (with Joe Brooks) – N/A
Awards[edit]
Year
Group
Award
Work
Result
Refs
2001 Logie Award Most Popular New Female Talent Home and Away Won [14]
2004 Logie Award Most Popular Actress Home and Away Nominated
2008 Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series The Young and the Restless Nominated
2013 New York Film Festival Best Actress In A Leading Role 10 Rules for Sleeping Around Nominated [37]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok: My romantic Italian wedding!". Woman's Day Magazine. 20 April 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok and Sean McEwen". weddingitaly.com.
Jump up ^ "Sean McEwen". IMDb. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Tamminsursok.net. Tamminsursok.net (2016-10-09). Retrieved on 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "The movie I literally filmed in the middle of my wedding just got accepted into the New York film festival and will be in cinemas soon!!!". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok, Pretty Little Liars Actress, Gives Birth to Baby Girl Phoenix Emmanuel Sursok-McEwen". US Weekley. 8 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lonely Tammin Sursok ready to wed". The Daily Telegraph. 14 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok Opened Up About Being Bullied For Her Weight As A Child". BuzzFeed, Inc. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pretty little baby bump! Former Home And Away star Tammin Sursok displays her stunning pregnancy figure in a black bikini as she and husband set sail". Daily Mail Australia. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Radish, Christina (6 March 2009). "Our Spectacular! interview with Tammin Sursok". TeenHollywood. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Young and the Restless Actor – Tammin Sursok". SheKnows Soaps. AtomicOnline. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Mercado 2004, p. 264.
^ Jump up to: a b According to the source, "Sursok played lovable Dani Sutherland on Home And Away for four years, winning the most popular new talent Logie in 2001." See Jonathon Moran, "Sursok's US break on Restless," The Daily Telegraph (12 August 2007).
Jump up ^ "2001 Logie Awards". Australiantelevision.net. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "2004 Logie Awards". Australiantelevision.net. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Lyons, Beverley; Bennett, Cath (15 August 2005). "The Razz: Duet harmonies won't be too close". Daily Record. Trinity Mirror. Retrieved 12 August 2012. (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Lanskey, Sam. "Jenna's Past Career as a Pop Star!". Wet Paint. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australia Albums Top 50 ---- Issue Date: Monday May 30, 2005". acharts. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australia Albums Top 50 – Issue Date: Monday June 6, 2005". Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA). Retrieved 11 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australia Albums Top 50 / Issue Date: Monday June 13, 2005". Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA). Retrieved 11 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australia Albums Top 50 / Issue Date: Monday June 20, 2005". Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA). Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e [1]. Acharts.us. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "More Tammin Sursok Bios & Profiles". filmbug.com/. FilmBug. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Home and Away's Tammin Sursok hits Hollywood heights". Herald Sun. 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
Jump up ^ "Home and Away's Tammin Sursok goes all Young and Restless". The Daily Telegraph. 11 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 April 2008.
Jump up ^ "New Girl In Town". Soaps In Depth. October 2007. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Nice to Meet You: Tammin Sursok". Soap Opera Weekly. October 2007. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Comings and Goings". Soap Opera Digest. 6 October 2009. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "Y&R's Sursok on Her Exit: "It was all a Wirlwind"". Soap Opera Digest. 20 October 2009. p. 6. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Nielsens: 36.3 million go for Oscar gold - USATODAY.com". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pretty Little Liars" Stands as ABC Family’s No. 1 Series Launch on Record Across Target Demos – Ratings | TVbytheNumbers Archived 25 October 2012 at WebCite
Jump up ^ "Tweet 342674818904244225". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Driving by Braille". Netflix. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Say Something – Single — Joe Brooks & Tammin Sursok". itunes.apple.com. iTunes. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Spectacular!". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok {Emerald Eyes} » Blog Archive » 2013 New York City International Film Festival". Tammin Sursok {Emerald Eyes}. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
External links[edit]
Tammin Sursok on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Tammin Sursok
Studio albums
Whatever Will Be
Singles
"Pointless Relationship"
"Whatever Will Be"
"It's a Beautiful Thing"
Collaborations
"Say Something"
Filmography
Aquamarine
Crossing Over
Albino Farm
10 Rules for Sleeping Around
Television
Home and Away
The Young and the Restless
Spectacular!
Pretty Little Liars
Characters
Dani Sutherland
Colleen Carlton
Jenna Marshall
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb16205800r (data)
ISNI: 0000 0000 8416 2090
LCCN: no2010094816
VIAF: 120774815
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tammin_Sursok&oldid=841409083"
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Logie Award winners
Naturalised citizens of Australia
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text:
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
by T. S. Eliot
First published in
June 1915 issue of Poetry[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Publisher
magazine (1915): Harriet Monroe
chapbook (1917): The Egoist, Ltd. (London)[1]
Lines
140
Pages
6 (1915 printing)[2]
8 (1917 printing)[1]
Read online
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock at Wikisource
"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", commonly known as "Prufrock", is the first professionally published poem by American-British poet T. S. Eliot (1888–1965). Eliot began writing "Prufrock" in February 1910, and it was first published in the June 1915 issue of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse[2] at the instigation of Ezra Pound (1885–1972). It was later printed as part of a twelve-poem pamphlet (or chapbook) titled Prufrock and Other Observations in 1917.[1] At the time of its publication, Prufrock was considered outlandish,[3] but is now seen as heralding a paradigmatic cultural shift from late 19th-century Romantic verse and Georgian lyrics to Modernism.
The poem's structure was heavily influenced by Eliot's extensive reading of Dante Alighieri[4] and makes several references to the Bible and other literary works—including William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV Part II, Twelfth Night, and Hamlet, the poetry of seventeenth-century metaphysical poet John Donne, and the nineteenth-century French Symbolists. Eliot narrates the experience of Prufrock using the stream of consciousness technique developed by his fellow Modernist writers. The poem, described as a "drama of literary anguish", is a dramatic interior monologue of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action that is said "to epitomize frustration and impotence of the modern individual" and "represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment".[5]
Prufrock laments his physical and intellectual inertia, the lost opportunities in his life and lack of spiritual progress, and he is haunted by reminders of unattained carnal love. With visceral feelings of weariness, regret, embarrassment, longing, emasculation, sexual frustration, a sense of decay, and an awareness of mortality, "Prufrock" has become one of the most recognised voices in modern literature.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition and publication history
1.1 Writing and first publication
1.2 Prufrock's Pervigilium
1.3 Critical reception
2 Description
2.1 Title
2.2 Epigraph
2.3 Themes and interpretation
2.4 Use of allusion
3 Notes
4 Further reading
5 External links
Composition and publication history[edit]
T.S. Eliot in 1923, photographed by Lady Ottoline Morrell
Writing and first publication[edit]
Eliot wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" between February 1910 and July or August 1911. Shortly after arriving in England to attend Merton College, Oxford, Eliot was introduced to American expatriate poet Ezra Pound, who instantly deemed Eliot "worth watching" and aided the start of Eliot's career. Pound served as the overseas editor of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse and recommended to the magazine's founder, Harriet Monroe, that Poetry publish "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", extolling that Eliot and his work embodied a new and unique phenomenon among contemporary writers. Pound claimed that Eliot "has actually trained himself AND modernized himself ON HIS OWN. The rest of the promising young have done one or the other, but never both."[7] The poem was first published by the magazine in its June 1915 issue.[2][8]
In November 1915 "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"—along with Eliot's poems "Portrait of a Lady," "The Boston Evening Transcript," "Hysteria," and "Miss Helen Slingsby"—was included in Catholic Anthology 1914–1915 edited by Ezra Pound and printed by Elkin Mathews in London.[9]:297 In June 1917 The Egoist, a small publishing firm run by Dora Marsden, published a pamphlet entitled Prufrock and Other Observations (London), containing twelve poems by Eliot. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" was the first in the volume.[1] Also Eliot was appointed assistant editor of the Egoist in June 1917.[9]:290
Prufrock's Pervigilium[edit]
According to Eliot biographer Lyndall Gordon, when Eliot was writing the first drafts of Prufrock in his notebook in 1910–1911, he intentionally kept four pages blank in the middle section of the poem.[10] According to the notebooks, now in the collection of the New York Public Library, Eliot finished the poem that was originally published sometime in July and August 1911—when he was 22 years old.[11] In 1912, Eliot revised the poem and included a 38-line section now called "Prufrock's Pervigilium" which was inserted on those blank pages, and intended as a middle section for the poem.[10] However, Eliot removed this section soon after seeking the advice of his fellow Harvard acquaintance and poet Conrad Aiken.[12] This section would not be included in the original publication of Eliot's poem but was included when published posthumously in the 1996 collection of Eliot's early, unpublished drafts in Inventions of the March Hare: Poems 1909–1917.[11] This Pervigilium section describes the "vigil" of Prufrock through an evening and night[11]:41, 43–44, 176–90 described by one reviewer as an "erotic foray into the narrow streets of a social and emotional underworld" that portray "in clammy detail Prufrock's tramping 'through certain half-deserted streets' and the context of his 'muttering retreats / Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels.'"[13]
Critical reception[edit]
Its reception in London can be gauged from an unsigned review in The Times Literary Supplement on 21 June 1917. "The fact that these things occurred to the mind of Mr. Eliot is surely of the very smallest importance to anyone, even to himself. They certainly have no relation to poetry."[14]
The Harvard Vocarium at Harvard College recorded Eliot's reading of Prufrock and other poems in 1947, as part of their ongoing series of poetry readings by their authors.[15]
Description[edit]
Title[edit]
In his early drafts, Eliot gave the poem the subtitle "Prufrock among the Women."[11]:41 This subtitle was apparently discarded before publication. Eliot called the poem a "love song" in reference to Rudyard Kipling's poem "The Love Song of Har Dyal," first published in Kipling's collection Plain Tales from the Hills (1888).[16] In 1959, Eliot addressed a meeting of the Kipling Society and discussed the influence of Kipling upon his own poetry:
"Traces of Kipling appear in my own mature verse where no diligent scholarly sleuth has yet observed them, but which I am myself prepared to disclose. I once wrote a poem called "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock": I am convinced that it would never have been called "Love Song" but for a title of Kipling's that stuck obstinately in my head: " The Love Song of Har Dyal."[16]
However, the origin of the name Prufrock is not certain, and Eliot never remarked on its origin other than to claim he was unsure of how he came upon the name. Many scholars and indeed Eliot himself have pointed towards the autobiographical elements in the character of Prufrock, and Eliot at the time of writing the poem was in the habit of rendering his name as "T. Stearns Eliot," very similar in form to that of J. Alfred Prufrock.[17] It is suggested that the name "Prufrock" came from Eliot's youth in St. Louis, Missouri, where the Prufrock-Litton Company, a large furniture store, occupied one city block downtown at 420–422 North Fourth Street.[18][19][20] In a 1950 letter, Eliot said, "I did not have, at the time of writing the poem, and have not yet recovered, any recollection of having acquired this name in any way, but I think that it must be assumed that I did, and that the memory has been obliterated."[21]
Epigraph[edit]
The draft version of the poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148):[11]:39, 41
'sovegna vos a temps de ma dolor'.
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina.
'be mindful in due time of my pain'.
Then dived he back into that fire which refines them.[22]
He finally decided not to use this, but eventually used the quotation in the closing lines of his 1922 poem The Waste Land. The quotation that Eliot did choose comes from Dante also. Inferno (XXVII, 61–66) reads:
S`io credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.
Ma perciocchè giammai di questo fondo
Non tornò vivo alcun, s'i'odo il vero,
Senza tema d'infamia ti rispondo.
"If I but thought that my response were made
to one perhaps returning to the world,
this tongue of flame would cease to flicker.
But since, up from these depths, no one has yet
returned alive, if what I hear is true,
I answer without fear of being shamed."[23]
In context, the epigraph refers to a meeting between Dante and Guido da Montefeltro, who was condemned to the eighth circle of Hell for providing counsel to Pope Boniface VIII, who wished to use Guido's advice for a nefarious undertaking. This encounter follows Dante's meeting with Ulysses, who himself is also condemned to the circle of the Fraudulent. According to Ron Banerjee, the epigraph serves to cast ironic light on Prufrock's intent. Like Guido, Prufrock had never intended his story to be told, and so by quoting Guido, Eliot reveals his view of Prufrock's love song.[24]
Frederick Locke contends that Prufrock himself is suffering from multiple personalities of sorts, and that he embodies both Guido and Dante in the Inferno analogy. One is the storyteller; the other the listener who later reveals the story to the world. He posits, alternatively, that the role of Guido in the analogy is indeed filled by Prufrock, but that the role of Dante is filled by you, the reader, as in "Let us go then, you and I," (1). In that, the reader is granted the power to do as he pleases with Prufrock's love song.[25]
Themes and interpretation[edit]
Because the poem is concerned primarily with the irregular musings of the narrator, it can be difficult to interpret. Laurence Perrine wrote, "[the poem] presents the apparently random thoughts going through a person's head within a certain time interval, in which the transitional links are psychological rather than logical".[26] This stylistic choice makes it difficult to determine exactly what is literal and what is symbolic. On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.[26][27] The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.
The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person[28] or directly to the reader,[29] while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal. Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature",[26] while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author.[30] Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of a toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, where he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question".[26] Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.[29][30]
Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her,[26] pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society, such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world.[31] McCoy and Harlan wrote "For many readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."[29]
In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character,[26] representing ageing and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table" (lines 2–3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black," show his concern over aging.
Use of allusion[edit]
Like many of Eliot's poems, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" makes numerous allusions to other works, which are often symbolic themselves.
In "Time for all the works and days of hands" (29) the phrase 'works and days' is the title of a long poem – a description of agricultural life and a call to toil – by the early Greek poet Hesiod.[26]
"I know the voices dying with a dying fall" (52) echoes Orsino's first lines in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.[26]
The prophet of "Though I have seen my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a platter / I am no prophet — and here's no great matter" (81–2) is John the Baptist, whose head was delivered to Salome by Herod as a reward for her dancing (Matthew 14:1–11, and Oscar Wilde's play Salome).[26]
"To have squeezed the universe into a ball" (92) and "indeed there will be time" (23) echo the closing lines of Marvell's 'To His Coy Mistress'. Other phrases such as, "there will be time" and "there is time" are reminiscent of the opening line of that poem: "Had we but world enough and time". Marvell's words in turn echo the General Prologue of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, "whil I have tyme and space".[26]
"'I am Lazarus, come from the dead'" (94) may be either the beggar Lazarus (of Luke 16) returning for the rich man who was not permitted to return from the dead to warn the brothers of a rich man about Hell, or the Lazarus (of John 11) whom Christ raised from the dead, or both.[26]
"Full of high sentence" (117) echoes Chaucer's description of the Clerk of Oxford in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales.[26]
"There will be time to murder and create" is a biblical allusion to Ecclesiastes 3.[26]
In the final section of the poem, Prufrock rejects the idea that he is Prince Hamlet, suggesting that he is merely "an attendant lord" (112) whose purpose is to "advise the prince" (114), a likely allusion to Polonius — Polonius being also "almost, at times, the Fool."
"Among some talk of you and me" may be[32] a reference to Quatrain 32 of Edward FitzGerald's translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam ("There was a Door to which I found no Key / There was a Veil past which I could not see / Some little Talk awhile of Me and Thee / There seemed — and then no more of Thee and Me.")
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Eliot, T. S. Prufrock and Other Observations (London: The Egoist, Ltd., 1917), 9–16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Eliot, T. S. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" in Monroe, Harriet (editor), Poetry: A Magazine of Verse (June 1915), 130–135.
Jump up ^ Eliot, T. S. (21 December 2010). The Waste Land and Other Poems. Broadview Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-77048-267-8. Retrieved 9 July 2017. (citing an unsigned review in Literary Review. 5 July 1917, vol. lxxxiii, 107.)
Jump up ^ Hollahan, Eugene (March 1970). "A Structural Dantean Parallel in Eliot's 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'". American Literature. 1. 42: 91–93. ISSN 0002-9831. doi:10.2307/2924384.
Jump up ^ McCoy, Kathleen, and Harlan, Judith. English Literature From 1785 (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 265–66. ISBN 006467150X
Jump up ^ Bercovitch, Sacvan. The Cambridge History of American Literature. Volume 5. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 99. ISBN 0521497310
Jump up ^ Capitalization and italics original. Quoted in Mertens, Richard. "Letter By Letter" in The University of Chicago Magazine (August 2001). Retrieved 23 April 2007.
Jump up ^ Southam, B.C. A Guide to the Selected Poems of T.S. Eliot. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1994), 45. ISBN 057117082X
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, James Edward. T.S. Eliot: The Making of an American poet, 1888–1922. (State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005) ISBN 0271026812
^ Jump up to: a b Gordon, Lyndall. Eliot's New Life. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 45.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Eliot, T. S., and Ricks, Christopher B. (editor). Inventions of the March Hare: Poems 1909–1917 Ed. Christopher B. Ricks. (New York: Harcourt, 1996).
Jump up ^ Mayer, Nicholas B (2011). "Catalyzing Prufrock". Journal of Modern Literature. 34 (3): 182. JSTOR 10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182. doi:10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182.
Jump up ^ Jenkins, Nicholas. "More American Than We Knew: Nerves, exhaustion and madness were at the core of Eliot's early imaginative thinking" in The New York Times (20 April 1997). This is a 1997 book review of Inventions of the March Hare:Poems 1909–1917, vide supra. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Waugh, Arthur. The New Poetry, Quarterly Review, October 1916, citing the Times Literary Supplement 21 June 1917, no. 805, 299; Wagner, Erica (2001) "An eruption of fury", The Guardian, letters to the editor, 4 September 2001. Wagner omits the word "very" from the quote.
Jump up ^ Woodberry Poetry Room (Harvard College Library). Poetry Readings: Guide
^ Jump up to: a b Eliot, T. S. "The Unfading Genius of Rudyard Kipling" in Kipling Journal (March 1959), 9.
Jump up ^ Eliot, T. S. The Letters of T. S. Eliot. (New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1988). 1:135.
Jump up ^ Montesi, Al, and Deposki, Richard. Downtown St. Louis (Arcadia Publishing, 2001), 65. ISBN 0-7385-0816-0
Jump up ^ Christine H. The Daily Postcard: Prufrock-Litton – St. Louis, Missouri. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Missouri History Museum. Lighting fixture in front of Prufrock-Litton Furniture Company. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Stepanchev, Stephen. "The Origin of J. Alfred Prufrock" in Modern Language Notes. (1951), 66:400–401. JSTOR 2909497
Jump up ^ Eliot provided this translation in his essay "Dante" (1929).
Jump up ^ Dante Alighieri, and Hollander Robert and Hollander, Jean (translators), The Inferno. (Princeton: Princeton Dante Project). Retrieved 3 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Banerjee, Ron D. K. "The Dantean Overview: The Epigraph to 'Prufrock'" in Comparative Literature. (1972) 87:962–966. JSTOR 2907793
Jump up ^ Locke, Frederick W. "Dante and T. S. Eliot's Prufrock." in Modern Language Notes. (1963) 78:51–59. JSTOR 3042942
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Perrine, Laurence. Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 1st edition. (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1956), 798.
Jump up ^ On 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' (accessed 14 June 2006).
Jump up ^ Headings, Philip R. T. S. Eliot. (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1982), 24–25.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hecimovich, Gred A (editor). English 151-3; T. S. Eliot "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" notes (accessed 14 June 2006), from McCoy, Kathleen; Harlan, Judith. English Literature from 1785. (New York: HarperCollins, 1992).
^ Jump up to: a b Blasing, Mutlu Konuk, "On 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'", in American Poetry: The Rhetoric of Its Forms (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987). ISBN 0300037937
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Roger. "On 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'", in Myers, Jack and Wojahan, David (editors). A Profile of Twentieth-Century American Poetry. (Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991). ISBN 0809313480
Jump up ^ Schimanski, Johan Annotasjoner til T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufock" (at Universitetet i Tromsø). Retrieved 8 August 2006.
Further reading[edit]
Drew, Elizabeth. T. S. Eliot: The Design of His Poetry (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949).
Gallup, Donald. T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography (A Revised and Extended Edition) (New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1969), 23, 196.
Luthy, Melvin J. "The Case of Prufrock's Grammar" in College English (1978) 39:841–853. JSTOR 375710
Soles, Derek. "The Prufrock Makeover" in The English Journal (1999), 88:59–61. JSTOR 822420
Sorum, Eve. "Masochistic Modernisms: A Reading of Eliot and Woolf." Journal of Modern Literature. 28 (3), (Spring 2005) 25–43. doi:10.1353/jml.2005.0044
Sinha, Arun Kumar and Vikram, Kumar. "'The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock' (Critical Essay with Detailed Annotations)" in T. S. Eliot: An Intensive Study of Selected Poems (New Delhi: Spectrum Books Pvt. Ltd, 2005).
Walcutt, Charles Child. "Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" in College English (1957) 19:71–72. JSTOR 372706
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Original text from Poetry magazine June 1915
Text and extended audio discussion of the poem
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock at the British Library
Prufrock and Other Observations at Project Gutenberg
Annotated hypertext version of the poem
Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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Australian Swimming Championships
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The Australian Swimming Championships is the national Swimming championships for Australia. It is organized by Swimming Australia, and is held annually in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) pools (2 separate meets). The two meets are the country's top domestic meet for their respective course.
The meet usually also double as a selection event for international competitions such as the: Olympics, World Championships, Commonwealth Games and Pan Pacific Championships. Some consider the meet the second-toughest domestic competition in the world, behind the USA's national championships.
The venue of the first edition of the championships was Wylie's Baths near Coogee Beach.[1]
The state that wins the most points at the championships is awarded the Kieran Shield, named in memory of Barney B. Kieran, a swimmer from New South Wales, who was a world record holder, and who died, aged 18, in 1905.[2]
The 1990 Australian Swimming Championships saw events for disabled athletes added for the first time.[3]
Contents
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1 Editions
1.1 Long course
1.2 Short course
2 Championships records
3 References
4 External links
Editions[edit]
Long course[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year
Dates
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State
Selection for
1964 Ashfield Olympic Pool Sydney New South Wales
1965 Clarence Olympic Pool Hobart Tasmania
1966 Valley Pool Brisbane Queensland
1967 Adelaide City Baths Adelaide South Australia
1968 Melbourne Olympic Pool Melbourne Victoria
1969 Beatty Park Pool Perth Western Australia
1970 Ashfield Olympic Pool Sydney New South Wales
1971 Clarence Olympic Pool Hobart Tasmania
1972 Valley Pool Brisbane Queensland
1973 North Adelaide Swimming Centre Adelaide South Australia
1974 Melbourne Olympic Pool Melbourne Victoria
1975 Beatty Park Pool Perth Western Australia
1975 Sydney University Pool Sydney New South Wales
1977 Bellerive Olympic Pool Hobart Tasmania
1978 Valley Pool Brisbane Queensland
1979 Beatty Park Pool Perth Western Australia
1985 21–24 February Melbourne State Swimming Centre Melbourne Victoria
1986
1987 26 February – 1 March Beatty Park Pool Perth Western Australia The selection trials for the 1987 Pan Pacs were conducted in Brisbane from 22 to 25 July.[4]
1988 25–28 February[5] Sydney New South Wales The selection trials for the 1988 Summer Olympics were conducted in Sydney from 11 to 14 May.[6]
1989 23–26 March[7] Melbourne Victoria The 1989 Australian Open Winter Championships and selection trials for the 1989 Pan Pacs were conducted in Perth in August.[8]
1990 December 1989[8] Adelaide Aquatic Centre Adelaide South Australia 1990 Comm Games
1991 10–14 October 1990[9] Brisbane Queensland 1991 Worlds
1991 25–29 April Melbourne Victoria 1991 Pan Pacs
1992 1–5 April[10] Australian Institute of Sport Canberra Australian Capital Territory 1992 Summer Olympics
1993 24–28 March[11] Claremont Superdrome Perth Western Australia 1993 Pan Pacs
2000 13–20 May Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Olympics 2000
2001 24–31 March Hobart Aquatic Centre Hobart Tasmania
2002 18–23 March Chandler Aquatic Centre Brisbane Queensland
2003 22–29 March Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales
2004 27 March – 3 April Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Olympics 2004
2005 12–19 March Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales
2006 30 January – 4 February Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre Melbourne Victoria Commonwealths 2006
2007 3–10 December 2006 Chandler Aquatic Centre Brisbane Queensland Worlds 2007
2008 22–29 March Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Olympics 2008
2009 17–22 March Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Worlds 2009
2010 16–21 March Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Commonwealths 2010,
Pan Pacs 2010
2011 1–8 April Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Worlds 2011
2012 15–22 March South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia Olympics 2012
2013 26 April–3 May South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia Worlds 2013
2014 1–6 April Brisbane Aquatic Centre Brisbane Queensland Commonwealths 2014,
Pan Pacs 2014
2015 3–10 April Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales Worlds 2015
2016 7–14 April South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia Olympics 2016
2017 9–13 April Brisbane Aquatic Centre Brisbane Queensland Worlds 2017
2018 28 February–3 March[12] Gold Coast Aquatic Centre Gold Coast Queensland Commonwealths 2018
2018 1 July–4 March[13] South Australia Aquatic and Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia Pan Pacs 2018
Short course[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year
Dates
Pool
City
State
Selection for
1986 5–7 September Mowbray Pool Launceston Tasmania
1987 25–27 September[5] Olympic Swimming Stadium Melbourne Victoria
1990 25–27 September[14] Adelaide Aquatic Centre Adelaide South Australia
1991 27–29 September[10] Adelaide Aquatic Centre Adelaide South Australia
1992 25–27 September[11] Casuarina Pool Darwin Northern Territory
2001 August (beginning) Challenge Stadium Perth Western Australia
2007 29 August – 2 September Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre Melbourne Victoria
2008 20–24 September Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre Melbourne Victoria
2009 8–12 August Hobart Aquatic Centre Hobart Tasmania
2010 14–18 July Brisbane Aquatics Centre Brisbane Queensland SC Worlds 2010
2011 1–3 July SA Aquatic & Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia
2012 September Challenge Stadium Perth Western Australia SC Worlds 2012
2013 22–31 August Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales
2014 5–9 November SA Aquatic & Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia 2014 SC Worlds
2015 26–28 November Sydney International Aquatic Centre Sydney New South Wales
2016 1–5 November Brisbane Aquatics Centre Brisbane Queensland SC Worlds 2016
2017 26–28 October SA Aquatic & Leisure Centre Adelaide South Australia
2018 Unknown Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre Melbourne Victoria
Championships records[edit]
See List of Australian Championships records in swimming
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Wylie's Baths". About Randwick - Heritage - A to Z of people and places. Randwick City Council. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Russell. "1904-1905 - Membership 86" (pdf). Melbourne Collegians Water Polo Club Inc. - A History - 1894-1994 - The Beginning. Melbourne Collegians Water Polo Club Inc. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Catherine Huggett". Gold Coast Sporting Hall of Fame. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Sweetenham, Bill (1988). "Australian Institute of Sport Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1987-88. Australian Swimming: 45. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Sweetenham, Bill (1988). "Australian Institute of Sport Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1987-88. Australian Swimming: 46. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Sweetenham, Bill (1988). "Australian Institute of Sport Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1987-88. Australian Swimming: 47. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "1988/89 Highlights and Happenings" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1988-89. Australian Swimming: 31. 1989. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "National Team Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1989-90. Australian Swimming: 28. 1990. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Honorary Secretary's Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1990-91. Australian Swimming: 7. 1991. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Year in Detail" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1991-92. Australian Swimming: 7. 1992. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Year in Detail" (PDF). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1992-93. Australian Swimming: 3. 1993. Archived from the original (pdf) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "2018 Hancock Prospecting Australian Swimming Trials". Swimming Australia. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "https://www.swimming.org.au/Events/2018-Pan-Pacific-Championship-Trials.aspx#acc1". External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "National Team Report" (pdf). Australian Swimming Inc. Annual Report 1989-90. Australian Swimming: 30. 1990. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
External links[edit]
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