text:
Natural resources of the Arctic
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Natural resources of the Arctic are the mineral and animal resources within the Arctic region (sometimes defined as north of the Arctic Circle) that provide or have potential to provide utility or economic benefit to humans. The Arctic contains significant amounts of minerals, boreal forest, marine life and fresh water.
Contents
[hide]
1 Hydrocarbons
2 Mining
3 Fresh Water
4 Hydro power
5 See also
6 References
Hydrocarbons[edit]
See also: Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
The United States Geological Survey estimates that 22 percent of the world's oil and natural gas could be located beneath the Arctic.[1]
Russia’s undiscovered petroleum is estimated between 67 billion tons of oil equivalent (BTOE) according to the US Geological Survey and 142 BTOE according to the Russian Academy of Science (in 2011, the world consumed 13 BTOE of energy, 31% from oil and 21% from natural gas). Russia’s vast energy resources account for 52% of the Arctic totals and Norway’s for 12%. Norway, which has been extracting petroleum in the North Sea since the 1970s, in the 2010s expected new discoveries in the Barents Sea. As of 2013 Russia was exporting 88% of crude oil via pipelines, with a large majority of the natural gas also transported in that manner. 76% percent of natural gas and 79% of oil were exported to Europe, with the second largest customer for oil being China and for natural gas being Japan. Russia continued to expand both its pipeline networks and its seaborne capacity, with absolute maritime transportation of petroleum growing but remaining a small portion of the overall exports.[2]
Mining[edit]
The Arctic holds large quantities of minerals, including phosphate, bauxite, iron ore, copper, and nickel. These are of pervasive use in industrialized economies. Russia produces an average of 11 M tons of phosphates, 8% of the global output. Phosphates are used as fertilizers in agriculture, with other uses including water treatment, flame-retardant materials, and corrosion protection. In 2010, Russia also extracted and processed bauxite into 3.85 M tons of aluminum, constituting 9.3% of the global production and making it the second-largest producer in the world after China. It also mined 100 M tons of iron ore, 6.25% of the global production.[2]
The largest Russian mining company Norilsk Nickel MMC leads the world’s production of nickel and palladium as a by-product. Nickel is an important metal used in the production of steel and other industrial, commercial, and consumer goods. The company has its own fleet of vessels to ship out the minerals and also owns port terminals. Worldwide production of nickel was of 1.5 M tons in 2011, out of which 297,000 tons was mined by Norilsk Nickel MMC, holding 5.8 M more in proven reserves (2010 figures). Palladium is mostly used in engines as a catalyst converting 90% of highly harmful exhaust gasses into less harmful ones. The company is also a major producer of copper (mining 389,000 tons out of 8.7 M tons worldwide), platinum, rhodium, and cobalt. In anticipation of a growth in demand for government icebreaker services, Norilsk Nickel started in 2006 to order the construction of its own fleet of five icebreaking cargo vessels, in operation as of 2014. These vessels are capable of breaking through 1.5 m (5 ft) of ice at a rate of 1–2 knots, without the support of an icebreaker, while transporting 14,500 tons of cargo.[2]
Large Arctic mines include Red Dog mine (zinc) in Alaska, Diavik Diamond Mine in Northwest Territories, Canada, and Sveagruva in Svalbard. Large mines under development are Baffinland Iron Mine in Nunavut, and Isua Iron Mine in Greenland.
Gold mining in Alaska is widespread. Fort Knox Gold Mine is the largest producer of gold in the history of Alaska.
to extend into Arctic areas due to climate change, and decreasing ice-cover will likely lead to more fishing activity.

In the area of the Arctic north of the Atlantic, commercial fisheries and international managerial mechanisms already exist. North of the Bering Strait, there are currently no significant commercial fisheries and no international management mechanisms.
Fresh Water[edit]
Greenland holds about 10% of the world's fresh water reserves.[3]
Hydro power[edit]
The often mountainous areas and the low population density means that the villages in the Arctic often are self suppliant on electricity through hydro power. Some places still use oil for electricity generation and heating.
See also[edit]
Arctic portal
List of mines in the Northwest Territories
Category:Mines in Nunavut
Category:Mines in Yukon
Category:Mining in Greenland
Arctic Ocean#Animal and plant life
Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
Arctic cooperation and politics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1] US Congressional Hearing. "Strategic Importance of the Arctic in US Policy." Page 15.
^ Jump up to: a b c Buixadé Farré, Albert; Stephenson, Scott R.; Chen, Linling; Czub, Michael; Dai, Ying; Demchev, Denis; Efimov, Yaroslav; Graczyk, Piotr; Grythe, Henrik; Keil, Kathrin; Kivekäs, Niku; Kumar, Naresh; Liu, Nengye; Matelenok, Igor; Myksvoll, Mari; O'Leary, Derek; Olsen, Julia; Pavithran .A.P., Sachin; Petersen, Edward; Raspotnik, Andreas; Ryzhov, Ivan; Solski, Jan; Suo, Lingling; Troein, Caroline; Valeeva, Vilena; van Rijckevorsel, Jaap; Wighting, Jonathan (October 16, 2014). "Commercial Arctic shipping through the Northeast Passage: Routes, resources, governance, technology, and infrastructure". Polar Geography. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/1088937X.2014.965769  . Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ China and the Northern Rivalry
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Arctic
Economy of Greenland
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Industry in the Arctic
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The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the 1981 movie with the same title, see The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
Single by Vicki Lawrence
from the album The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (Vicki Lawrence album)
B-side
"Dime a Dance"
Released
February 1972
Format
7" single
Genre
Country pop
Length
3:40
Label
Bell
Songwriter(s)
Bobby Russell
Producer(s)
Snuff Garrett
Vicki Lawrence singles chronology
"No, No"
(1970) "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1972) "He Did with Me"
(1973)
"No, No"
(1970) "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1972) "He Did with Me"
(1973)
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" is a Southern Gothic song, written in 1972 by songwriter Bobby Russell and sung by Vicki Lawrence, an American pop music singer, actress, and comedian. Lawrence's version, from her 1973 Bell Records album of the same name, was a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 after its release. In addition to several other renditions, the song was again a hit in 1991 when Reba McEntire recorded it for her album For My Broken Heart. McEntire's version was a single, as well, reaching number 12 on Hot Country Songs.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 History and original recording
3 Release and reception
4 Musical structure
5 Cover versions
5.1 Tanya Tucker cover
5.2 Reba McEntire cover
6 In popular culture
7 Chart performance
7.1 Vicki Lawrence version
7.2 Year-end charts
7.3 Reba McEntire version
7.3.1 Year-end charts
8 See also
9 References
Synopsis[edit]
A nameless man returns home after two weeks to be informed by his best friend Andy that the man's wife has been unfaithful, sleeping with both Andy and a third man, "that Ames boy, Seth." The man returns home and, noting his wife is not home, heads to Andy's house with a gun; when he arrives, he finds Andy's dead body. In an attempt to flag down the Georgia State Patrol, the man fires a warning shot into the air, only to realize too late that the combination of circumstances (the dead body, holding a gun and an audible gunshot) made him look like the killer.
The sheriff arrests the man, a swift show trial is held and the man is convicted and hanged in short order. In the song's epilogue, the man's younger sister (singing in the first person) confesses that she killed Andy as well as the man's wife, whose body was disposed where it would never be found. The little sister blames the Georgia criminal justice system for her brother's death, warning in each chorus "the judge in the town's got blood stains on his hands."[1]
History and original recording[edit]
Although Bobby Russell wrote both the lyrics and music for the song, he was reluctant to record even a demonstration because he "didn't like it." According to Lawrence, who was married to Russell at the time, she believed it was destined to be successful and recorded the demo herself. The publishers and the record label did not quite know how to pitch the song, as it was not really a country or a pop song. The first thought was to offer the song to actress/singer Liza Minnelli, but eventually it was offered to singer Cher, but her then-husband and manager Sonny Bono reportedly refused it, as he was said to be concerned that the song might offend Cher's southern fans.[2] Without a singer to record the song, Lawrence went into a studio and recorded it professionally herself, with the instrumental backing of L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew,[3] then pressed the label to release it as a single.
Release and reception[edit]
Released as a single in June 1972, the song would ultimately become a number-one success for Lawrence, topping the Hot 100 chart in early 1973. Lawrence was, at the time, a regular performer on the ensemble variety comedy television show The Carol Burnett Show. It scored number six on the Easy Listening chart,[4] and it peaked at number 36 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart.[5] It was number one for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, and was finally topped by Tony Orlando and Dawn's "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree". Billboard ranked it as the No. 11 song for 1973.
In Canada, the single version scored number one, as well, topping the RPM 100 national singles chart on May 5 of the same year.[6] On the RPM Country Singles chart, it reached #25.[7]
Musical structure[edit]
The lyrics use an AABCCB rhyming pattern on the verses, and ABCB on the chorus. The song's verses are in C Dorian. Verse one consists of four lines, each using the chord pattern Cm-B♭/C-Cm-F/C-Cm-Gm7-Cm. At the chorus, the song modulates to the key of G major, with a chord pattern of Am-D7-G-Em used three times before ending on Am-D7-Gm.[8]
Verse two uses the same structure as verse one, with an additional two lines. The first additional lines also modulate to G major with a chord pattern of Am-D7-G-Em-Am-D-Gm, before returning to C Dorian for another repetition of the original chord pattern. After the second chorus, the third verse consists of only two lines before the chorus is sung a third time. The song then ends with a four-measure riff played in the key of G minor. The overall vocal range is G3-D5.[8]
Cover versions[edit]
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
Single by Reba McEntire
from the album For My Broken Heart
B-side
"All Dressed Up"
Released
April 1992
Format
7" single
Recorded
1991
Genre
Country
Length
4:17
Label
MCA
Songwriter(s)
Bobby Russell
Producer(s)
Tony Brown, Reba McEntire
Reba McEntire singles chronology
"Is There Life Out There"
(1992) "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1992) "The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
(1992)
"Is There Life Out There"
(1992) "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1992) "The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
(1992)
Tanya Tucker cover[edit]
In 1981, country singer Tanya Tucker recorded a version (on an album of the same name) with differing lyrics and an altered timeline. These altered lyrics were based on the plot line of the 1981 movie The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia.
Reba McEntire cover[edit]
During 1991, the song was sung as a cover version by Reba McEntire on her album For My Broken Heart. It reached number 12 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart. While still a commercially successful release, this broke a string of 24 consecutive top 10 country singles by McEntire.
The song also had a successful music video, wherein the older brother of the story is given the name "Raymond Brody"; the video for McEntire's version also contained spoken dialogue that expanded on several of the song's plot points, by suggesting that the judge knew that the narrator's brother did not commit the crime, but was nonetheless anxious to convict him, since he, himself (the judge) had also been having sex with the wife (played by Playboy centerfold/pin up model Barbara Moore) and was worried that a long, involved trial would cause this fact to become known. It also establishes that the little sister (played by McEntire, and portrayed both as a young woman in flashbacks and as a 60-year-old woman using heavy makeup) caught Andy in the act with her brother's wife and that the unfaithful woman also had an affair with the sister's own fiancé.
In popular culture[edit]
For a 1986 Designing Women episode, main character Julia Sugarbaker (Dixie Carter) has one of her famous tirades, defending her beauty queen sister Suzanne against catty remarks made by a young woman, concluding with "And that, just so you will know, and your children will someday know, was the night the lights went out in Georgia!"
It is a prime example of a twist ending in a song, and in the 1992 film Reservoir Dogs, one of the mobsters in the film named Nice Guy Eddie says "...this is the first time I ever realized that the girl singin' the song is the one who shot Andy."
The opening motif is sampled in "The Time Is Now", which is currently used as American professional wrestler John Cena's entrance music; specifically, the song samples Pete Schofield and The Canadians' rendition.
In 2011, a book was released titled "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia," written by Jeremy G.T. Reuschling and casually based on the McEntire version of the song and the music video.
Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole covered the song on their album Great Women of Country (2014).
Comedy group The Credibility Gap recorded a parody version, "The Night That The Lights Stayed On In Pittsburgh."
Chart performance[edit]
Vicki Lawrence version[edit]
Chart (1972–1973)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[10] 6
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[11] 36
Canadian RPM Top Singles 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary 2
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 25
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1973)
Rank
Canada[12] 10
US Billboard Hot 100 [13] 11
Reba McEntire version[edit]
Chart (1992)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[14] 7
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[15] 12
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[16] 73
See also[edit]
Murder ballad
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Vicki Lawrence - The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia at MetroLyrics
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (1988). "The Night The Lights Went Out in Georgia". The Billboard book of number one hits. New York: Billboard Publications. ISBN 0-8230-7545-1. OCLC 17918476. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
Jump up ^ Hartman, Kent (2012). The Wrecking Crew. St. Martin’s Griffin. pp. 261–263. ISBN 978-1-250-03046-7.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–2001. Record Research. p. 142.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944–2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 196.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
^ Jump up to: a b For My Broken Heart: Piano, Vocal, Guitar. Hal Leonard Corporation. 1992. pp. 25–31. ISBN 0-7935-1295-6.
Jump up ^ "Vicki Lawrence – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Vicki Lawrence.
Jump up ^ "Vicki Lawrence – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Vicki Lawrence.
Jump up ^ "Vicki Lawrence – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Vicki Lawrence.
Jump up ^ Canada, Library and Archives (February 8, 2017). "Image : RPM Weekly".
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1973/Top 100 Songs of 1973". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2017." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. August 1, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Reba McEntire – Chart history" Billboard Hot Country Songs for Reba McEntire.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1992". RPM. December 19, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Preceded by
"Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack US Billboard Hot 100 number-one single (Vicki Lawrence version)
April 7, 1973 (two weeks) Succeeded by
"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando
Preceded by
"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando Canadian RPM 100 number-one single (Vicki Lawrence version)
May 5, 1973 (one week) Succeeded by
"The First Cut Is The Deepest" by Keith Hampshire
[hide]
v
t
e
Reba McEntire 1990s singles
Sweet Sixteen
"Walk On"
Rumor Has It
"You Lie"
"Rumor Has It"
"Fancy"
"Fallin' Out of Love"
For My Broken Heart
"For My Broken Heart"
"Is There Life Out There"
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
"The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
It's Your Call
"Take It Back"
"The Heart Won't Lie" (with Vince Gill)
"It's Your Call"
Greatest Hits Volume Two
"Does He Love You" (with Linda Davis)
"They Asked About You"
Read My Mind
"Why Haven't I Heard from You"
"She Thinks His Name Was John"
"Till You Love Me"
"The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter"
"And Still"
Starting Over
"On My Own"
"Ring on Her Finger, Time on Her Hands"
"Starting Over Again"
"You Keep Me Hangin' On"
What If It's You
"The Fear of Being Alone"
"How Was I to Know"
"I'd Rather Ride Around with You"
"What If It's You"
If You See Him
"If You See Him/If You See Her" (with Brooks & Dunn)
"Forever Love"
"Wrong Night"
"One Honest Heart"
So Good Together
"What Do You Say"
Other songs
"What If"
Guest singles
"Oklahoma Swing" (with Vince Gill)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Night_the_Lights_Went_Out_in_Georgia&oldid=807395990"
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Big Jake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the film. For the character in the children's TV series, see Big Jake (character). For the lobster, see Big Jake (lobster).
Not to be confused with Big Brother Jake, Big Rude Jake, or Jake (disambiguation).
Big Jake
The second version of the theatrical release poster.
Directed by
George Sherman
Produced by
Michael Wayne
Screenplay by
Harry Julian Fink
R. M. Fink
Starring
John Wayne
Richard Boone
Maureen O'Hara
Patrick Wayne
Christopher Mitchum
Narrated by
George Fenneman
Music by
Elmer Bernstein
Cinematography
William H. Clothier
Edited by
Harry Gerstad
Production
company
Batjac Productions
Distributed by
Cinema Center Films through National General Pictures
Release date
May 26, 1971 (1971-05-26)
Running time
110 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$7.5 million (North American rentals)[1][2]
Big Jake is a 1971 Technicolor Western. It was the final film for George Sherman in a directing career of more than 30 years. It grossed $7.5 million in the US.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Main cast
3 Production
4 DVD
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1909, there is a raid on the McCandles family ranch by a gang of ruthless outlaws led by John Fain. They massacre the ranch hands and kidnap Little Jake, the grandson, leaving a ransom note and heading back for Mexico, where they have been hiding out. Martha, the head of the family, is offered the help of both the army and the Texas Rangers in hunting the gang. She replies that this will be "a harsh and unpleasant kind of business and will require an extremely harsh and unpleasant kind of person to see it through." In consequence, she sends for her estranged husband, the aging Jacob "Big Jake" McCandles, a near-legendary gunfighter who wanders the west with his Rough Collie, simply named Dog.
When Jake arrives by train, he and Martha discuss a plan to take the ransom to the kidnappers, a million dollars in a big red strongbox, although Jake warns that, "Pay or not, we run the risk of never seeing the boy again". Then his son Michael rides up on a motorcycle, bringing word that he has seen the kidnappers in the Chilicothe Canyon. The Texas Ranger captain is present and offers the services of his men, equipped with three REO touring cars. They, however, are ambushed and their cars put out of action. Jake, preferring the old ways, has followed on horseback, accompanied by an old Apache associate, Sam Sharpnose. He is now joined by his sons, Michael and James, with whom his relations are tense because of his desertion of the family ten years before. Michael turns out to be incompetent with a handgun but shows that he is an expert marksman with a rifle.
That night, Fain rides into their camp to make arrangements for the handover, telling Jake that they will “send the boy's body back in a basket" if anything should go wrong. Both men deny any personal stake in the business, each claiming to be "just a messenger boy". The family party crosses into Mexico the next day and checks into a hotel. Knowing that they have been followed by another gang intent on stealing the strongbox, Jake sets a trap for them and they are all killed. During the attack, the chest is blasted open, revealing clipped bundles of newspaper instead of money. Michael and James become suspicious of Jake and the three slug it out. Although the sons both land a first blow, Jake knocks them both out cold. After reviving them, Jake assures them that it was both his and Martha's idea. James fears for Little Jake's life, but Jake tells them they'll have to go in anyway.
A thunderstorm breaks and Pop Dawson, one of the outlaws, arrives to give them the details of the exchange. He warns them that a sniper will have a gun trained on the boy in case of a double-cross. Jake arranges for Michael to follow after them to take care of the sharp shooter and convinces Dawson that he had been killed in the fight. At the hideout, Jake is led in alone to where Fain and four other gang members are waiting, one of them holding a shotgun on the boy. Jake tosses the key of the chest to Fain, who opens it up to discover that he has been tricked.
Fain orders his brother Will to kill the boy but he is shot by Jake. Dog is wounded by the sniper and Jake is wounded in the leg before Michael kills the sniper with his second shot. Jake tells the boy to escape but Little Jake is hunted by the machete wielding John Goodfellow, who has already hacked Sam to death. Dog comes to the rescue and is himself killed before Big Jake arrives and impales Goodfellow on a pitchfork. Fain rides up and is preparing to finish off the two of them when Michael arrives from where he had been waiting in ambush and blasts him off his horse. Before he dies, Fain asks, "Who are you?" When Jake answers, "Jacob McCandles," Fain says, "I thought you was dead," as have other characters during the course of the film. “Not hardly," Jake replies.
With Little Jake rescued, and the broken family bonded, they prepare to head home.
Main cast[edit]
John Wayne as Jacob McCandles
Richard Boone as John Fain (Leader of Fain's Gang)
Maureen O'Hara as Martha McCandles
Patrick Wayne as James McCandles
Christopher Mitchum as Michael McCandles
Bruce Cabot as Sam Sharpnose
Bobby Vinton as Jeff McCandles
Glenn Corbett as O'Brien, aka Breed (John Fain's Gang)
John Doucette as Texas Ranger Capt. Buck Duggan
Jim Davis as Head of lynching party
John Agar as Bert Ryan
Harry Carey Jr. as Pop Dawson (as Harry Cary, Jr.) (John Fain's Gang)
Gregg Palmer as John Goodfellow (John Fain's Gang)
Jim Burk as Trooper (John Fain's Gang)
Dean Smith as James William "Kid" Duffy (John Fain's Gang)
Robert Warner as Will Fain (John Fain's Brother, John Fain's Gang)
Jeff Wingfield as Billy Devries (John Fain's Gang)
Everett Creach as Walt Devries (John Fain's Gang)
Roy Jenson as Gunman at bathhouse in Escondero
Virginia Capers as Delilah
Hank Worden as Hank
Ethan Wayne as Little Jake McCandles
William Walker as Moses Brown
George Fenneman as Narrator
Tom Hennesy as Mr. Sweet
Chuck Roberson as Texas Ranger
Bernard Fox as the Scottish Shepherd
Production[edit]
John Wayne and Richard Boone at the film's premiere at John Wayne Theatre at Knott's Berry Farm in 1971
Written as The Million Dollar Kidnapping, which was used as the shooting title, it was filmed from early October to early December 1970, in the Mexican states of Durango and Zacatecas,[3] including scenes shot at the El Saltito waterfall and Sierra De Organos (in the municipality of Sombrerete, Zacatecas).[4]
John Wayne's real-life son, Patrick Wayne, portrays James McCandles in the film, while Robert Mitchum's son, Christopher Mitchum plays Michael McCandles. Wayne's youngest son Ethan Wayne is seen as his grandson, Little Jake, in the movie.
This was the last of five films in which John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara appeared together. The previous four were
Rio Grande (1950)
The Quiet Man (1952)
The Wings of Eagles (1957)
McLintock! (1963)
DVD[edit]
Big Jake was released to DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment on April 29, 2003 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD and on May 31, 2011 as a Region 1 widescreen Blu-ray DVD.
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1971
John Wayne filmography
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Big Jake, Box Office Information The Numbers. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "All-time Film Rental Champs", Variety, 7 January 1976 p 44
Jump up ^ Eyles, Allen (1979). John Wayne. A. S. Barnes. ISBN 978-0-498-02487-0.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Howard (2008). Stagecoach to Tombstone: The Filmgoers' Guide to the Great Westerns. I.B. Tauris. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-84511-498-5.
External links[edit]
Big Jake on IMDb
Big Jake at Rotten Tomatoes
Big Jake at AllMovie
Big Jake at the TCM Movie Database
Big Jake at the American Film Institute Catalog
Big Jake at Box Office Mojo
[hide]
v
t
e
George Sherman
Wild Horse Rodeo (1937)
The Purple Vigilantes (1938)
Outlaws of Sonora (1938)
Riders of the Black Hills (1938)
Heroes of the Hills (1938)
Pals of the Saddle (1938)
Overland Stage Raiders (1938)
Rhythm of the Saddle (1938)
Santa Fe Stampede (1938)
Red River Range (1938)
Mexicali Rose (1939)
The Night Riders (1939)
Three Texas Steers (1939)
Wyoming Outlaw (1939)
Colorado Sunset (1939)
New Frontier (1939)
The Kansas Terrors (1939)
Rovin' Tumbleweeds (1939)
Cowboys from Texas (1939)
South of the Border (1939)
Ghost Valley Raiders (1940)
Covered Wagon Days (1940)
Rocky Mountain Rangers (1940)
One Man's Law (1940)
The Tulsa Kid (1940)
Under Texas Skies (1940)
Frontier Vengeance (1940)
The Trail Blazers (1940)
Texas Terrors (1940)
Lone Star Raiders (1940)
Wyoming Wildcat (1941)
The Phantom Cowboy (1941)
Two Gun Sheriff (1941)
Desert Bandit (1941)
Kansas Cyclone (1941)
Citadel of Crime (1941)
The Apache Kid (1941)
Death Valley Outlaws (1941)
A Missouri Outlaw (1941)
Arizona Terrors (1942)
Stagecoach Express (1942)
Jesse James, Jr. (1942)
The Cyclone Kid (1942)
The Sombrero Kid (1942)
X Marks the Spot (1942)
London Blackout Murders (1943)
The Mantrap (1943)
False Faces (1943)
The West Side Kid (1943)
A Scream in the Dark (1943)
Mystery Broadcast (1943)
The Lady and the Monster (1944)
Storm Over Lisbon (1944)
The Crime Doctor's Courage (1945)
The Bandit of Sherwood Forest (1946)
The Secret of the Whistler (1946)
Last of the Redskins (1947)
Relentless (1948)
Black Bart (1948)
River Lady (1948)
Feudin', Fussin' and A-Fightin' (1948)
Larceny (1948)
Red Canyon (1949)
Yes Sir, That's My Baby (1949)
Sword in the Desert (1949)
Comanche Territory (1950)
The Sleeping City (1950)
Tomahawk (1951)
The Golden Horde (1951)
The Raging Tide (1951)
Steel Town (1952)
The Battle at Apache Pass (1952)
Back at the Front (1952)
Against All Flags (1952)
The Lone Hand (1953)
The Veils of Bagdad (1953)
War Arrow (1953)
Border River (1954)
Johnny Dark (1954)
Chief Crazy Horse (1955)
Count Three and Pray (1955)
The Treasure of Pancho Villa (1955)
Comanche (1956)
Ten Days to Tulara (1958)
The Son of Robin Hood (1959)
Hell Bent for Leather (1960)
The Enemy General (1960)
The Wizard of Baghdad (1960)
The Fiercest Heart (1961)
Panic Button (1964)
Smoky (1966)
Big Jake (1971)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Jake&oldid=799916488"
Categories:
1971 films
English-language films
1970s Western (genre) films
American films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by George Sherman
Batjac Productions films
Cinema Center Films films
National General Pictures films
Estudios Churubusco films
Film scores by Elmer Bernstein
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Films set in 1909
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Letters from a Father to His Daughter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Letters from a Father to His Daughter
Book cover from a Puffin Book edition
Author
Jawaharlal Nehru
Translator
in hindi
Illustrator
Puffin Books
Country
India
Language
English(original),Hindi
Publisher
Allahabad Law Journal Press
Publication date
1929
OCLC
47215515
Letters from a Father to His Daughter is a collection of 30 letters written by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1928 to his daughter Indira Gandhi when she was 10 years old. The letters were education pieces on the subjects of natural and human history. At the time of the letter's writing, Nehru was in Allahabad, while Indira was in Mussoorie. While original letters written by Nehru were in English, they were translated into Hindi by the Hindi novelist Munshi Premchand under the name Pita Ke Patra Putri Ke Naam.[1] Currently the intellectual rights of the book remain with Priyanka Gandhi.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Balakrishnan, Anima (2006-08-04). "The Hindu : Young World : From dad with love:". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 2008-10-31.

This article about a biographical or autobiographical book on an Indian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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