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Parliament of India
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Coordinates: 28°37′2″N 77°12′29″E / 28.61722°N 77.20806°E / 28.61722; 77.20806
Parliament of India
Emblem of India
Type
Type
Bicameral
Houses
Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
History
Founded
26 January 1950 (68 years ago) (1950-01-26)
Preceded by
Constituent Assembly of India
Leadership
President
Ram Nath Kovind[1]
Since 25 July 2017
Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
Venkaiah Naidu[2]
Since 11 August 2017
Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
Harivansh Narayan Singh[3], JD(U)
Since 9 August 2018
Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)
Arun Jaitley[4], BJP
Since 2 June 2014
Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Sumitra Mahajan[5], BJP
Since 6 June 2014
Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
M. Thambidurai[6], AIADMK
Since 13 August 2014
Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)
Narendra Modi[7], BJP
Since 26 May 2014
Structure
Seats
790
245 Members of Rajya Sabha
545 Members of Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha political groups
NDA (Majority)
UPA
Lok Sabha political groups
NDA (Majority)
UPA
Elections
Rajya Sabha voting system
Single transferable vote
Lok Sabha voting system
First past the post
Rajya Sabha last election
16 January, 23 March and 21 June 2018
Lok Sabha last election
7 April – 12 May 2014
Rajya Sabha next election
May - June 2019
Lok Sabha next election
April – May 2019
Meeting place
Sansad Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi, India
Website
parliamentofindia.nic.in
Constitution
Constitution of India
India
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
India
Constitution and law[show]
Constitutional amendment
Basic structure doctrine
Fundamental rights
Human rights
———————
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Uniform civil code
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Indian Penal Code
Law enforcement
Government of India[show]
President (Head of state) (List)
Vice president (List)
———————
Executive:
Prime minister (Head of government) (List)
Union Council of Ministers
Cabinet secretary
Secretaries:
(Defence • Finance • Foreign • Home)
Civil services
All India Services (IAS • IFoS • IPS)
Central Civil Services (IRS • IFS • IA&AS • IPoS • IRAS • IRTS • IRPS • ICAS • IDAS • IDES • ICLS • IIS • ITrS • IP&TAFS • IOFS)
———————
Legislature:
Parliament
Rajya Sabha (Chairman)
Lok Sabha (Speaker)
Judiciary:
Supreme court (Chief justice)
High courts (Chief justices)
District courts
Elections[show]
Election commission:
Chief Election Commissioner (Election commissioners)
Recent general elections: 2009
2014
2019
Recent state elections: 2017
2018
2019
———————
Political parties
National parties
State parties
National coalitions:
National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
United Progressive Alliance (UPA)
Federalism[show]
Administrative divisions
———————
State governments
Governors (List)
Chief ministers (List)
Chief secretary (Principal secretaries)
Field-level officers
Divisional commissioners
District magistrates
Sub-divisional magistrates
Legislatures:
Vidhan Sabha
Vidhan Parishad
———————
Local governments: Rural bodies:
District councils
Block panchayats
Gram Panchayats
Urban bodies:
Municipal corporations
Municipal councils
Nagar panchayats
Other countries
Atlas
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The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. The Parliament is composed of the President of India and the houses. It is a bicameral legislature with two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
Those elected or nominated (by the President) to either house of Parliament are referred to as Members of Parliament (MP). The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public voting in Single-member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of all State Legislative Assembly by proportional representation. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 545 in Lok Sabha including the 2 nominees from the Anglo-Indian Community by the President, and 245 in Rajya Sabha including the 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of science, culture, art and history. The Parliament meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi.
Contents
1 History
2 Parliament House
2.1 General layout of the Parliament
2.2 Proposal for a new building
3 Composition
3.1 President of India
3.2 Lok Sabha
3.3 Rajya Sabha
4 Session of Parliament
5 Lawmaking procedures
6 Parliamentary committees
7 Incidents
8 Parliament Sessions and debates
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
History
Main articles: Imperial Legislative Council and Constituent Assembly of India
Parliament House
Main article: Sansad Bhavan
The Sansad Bhavan (Parliament House) is located in New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, who were responsible for planning and construction of New Delhi by British government. The construction of buildings took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Irwin. The construction costs for the building were ₹8.3 million (US$120,000). The parliament is 560 feet (170 m) in diameter and covers an area of 6 acres (2.4 ha). The Central hall consists of the chambers of Lok sabha, Rajya Sabha and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four storied circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses Parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.[8]
General layout of the Parliament
The centre and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and the Library Hall and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four storyed circular structure providing accommodations for Ministers, Chairmen, Parliamentary committees, Party offices, important offices of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariats and also the offices of the ministry of Parliamentary affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is 29.87 m (98 feet) in diameter. It is a place of historical importance. The Indian Constitution was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into Constituent Assembly Hall. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding joint sittings of both the houses of parliament and also used for address by the President in the commencement of first session after each general election.
Proposal for a new building
A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex. The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex.[9] A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the Former Speaker, Meira Kumar. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.[10]
Composition
The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha with the President of India acting as their head.
President of India
Main article: President of India
The President of India, the Head of state is a component of Parliament. Under Article 60 and Article 111, President's responsibility is to scrutinise that bills/laws passed by the parliament are in accordance with constitutional mandate and stipulated procedure is followed before according his/her approval to the bills. The President of India is elected by the elected members of Parliament of India and the state legislatures and serves for a term of 5 years.[11]
Lok Sabha
Main article: Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 545 members. 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary constituencies across the country and 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian Community. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the States in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each State and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States.[12]
Rajya Sabha
Main article: Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha (Council of States) or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.[13] Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are nominated by the President. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a member of Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
Session of Parliament
The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the president to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the parliament conducts three sessions each year:[14]
Budget session: February to May
Monsoon session: July to September
Winter session: November to December
Lawmaking procedures
Main article: Lawmaking procedure in India
Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament. Money bills must originate in the Lok Sabha. The council of states can only make recommendations over the bills to the House, within a period of fourteen days.[15]
Parliamentary committees
Main article: List of committees of the Indian government
Parliamentary committees are formed to deliberate specific matters at length. The public is directly or indirectly associated and studies are conducted to help committees arrive at the conclusions. Parliamentary committees are of two kinds: Ad hoc committees and the Standing committees.[16][17][18]
Standing committees are permanent committees constituted from time to time in pursuance of the provisions of an act of Parliament or rules of procedure and conduct of business in Parliament. The work of these committees is of a continuing nature. Ad hoc committees are appointed for a specific purpose and they cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submits a report.
Incidents
Main article: 2001 Indian Parliament attack
On 13 December 2001, Indian Parliament was attacked by an Islamic terrorist group. The perpetrators were Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists. The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Services personnel and a gardener, which totalled 14 fatalities. It also led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff.[19]
Parliament Sessions and debates
On 16 November 2016, the winter session of Indian Parliament had started and during the sittings in both Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament, observed strong opposition, and uproar by political parties, on demonetisation (note ban) initiative by Narendra Modi Government on 8 November 2016.
Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947.
Constituent Assembly of India
Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the Constituent Assembly in 1946.
Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai listens to Jimmy Carter as he addresses the Indian Parliament House.
President of the United States, Barack Obama addressing Joint Session of the Parliament in 2010.
See also
Politics of India
Election Commission of India
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
PRS Legislative Research
Indian Parliamentary Group
List of legislatures by country
List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
References
Jump up ^ "Live: Ram Nath Kovind becomes the 14th President of India". The Hindu. New Delhi, India. 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Venkaiah Naidu sworn in as Vice-President". The Hindu. New Delhi, India. 11 August 2017. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Harivansh Narayan Singh: Changemaker in Rajya Sabha". 10 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "PIB Press Releases". Pib.nic.in. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sumitra Mahajan elected speaker". Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "M Thambidurai elected deputy speaker of Lok Sabha". Times of India. 13 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Narendra Modi is sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of India". The Times of India. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "History of the Parliament, Delhi". delhiassembly.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Delhi may see a new Parliament building". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 13 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Firstpost (13 July 2012). "Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Constitution of India (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. 1 December 2007. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lok Sabha". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Parliament – Government: National Portal of India". Home: National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Our Parliament" (PDF). New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "How bill becomes act". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Parliamentary Committee. "Parliament of India". Indian Parliament. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Committees of Rajya Sabha. "General Information". Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Lok Sabha - Committee Home. "Introduction". Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed". rediff.com. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
Further reading
"The Parliamentary System" by Arun Shourie, Publisher: Rupa & Co
External links
Media related to Parliament of India at Wikimedia Commons
Works written on the topic Parliament of India at Wikisource
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American entry into Canada by land
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Cars approaching Canada border at White Rock, BC in Canada from Blaine, WA in the U.S.
U.S. citizens and permanent residents entering Canada by land are required to possess the requisite documentation, and to meet other criteria before they are allowed entry into Canada. Consequently, travelers must also meet the requirements for re-entering the U.S. at the end of their visit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Visitor entry into Canada
2 Documentation
2.1 Enhanced driver's licenses
2.2 NEXUS/FAST
2.3 United States permanent residents
2.4 Minors 16 and under
2.5 Documentation for vehicles
3 Visas and admissibility
3.1 Inadmissibility
3.1.1 Grounds for inadmissibility
3.1.2 Avoiding inadmissibility
3.1.3 Criminal inadmissibility
3.1.3.1 Rehabilitation
3.1.3.2 Temporary resident permits
3.1.3.3 Inadmissible family member
3.1.3.4 Offenses committed as a minor
3.2 Policies
3.2.1 Importation of firearms
3.2.2 Items requiring declaration
3.2.3 Prohibited items
3.3 Handling disagreements
3.3.1 Appeals
3.4 Business visits
4 Return entry into the U.S.
4.1 Documentation
4.2 Searches
4.3 Policies
5 Expedited entry
6 See also
7 External links
8 References
Visitor entry into Canada[edit]
Entry into Canada is solely determined by Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officials in accordance with Canadian law.[1] Visitors are required to have the necessary travel documentation and be in good health.[2] If asked, they must satisfy an immigration officer of ties to their country of origin, such as a job, home, and family.[2] They must also satisfy the officer that they will leave Canada at the end of their visit.[2] Additionally, they must have sufficient money for their stay,[2] and all items belonging to an individual, including the vehicle the individual may be traveling in, are subject to search by the CBSA.[citation needed]
Documentation[edit]
Canadian law requires that all persons entering Canada must carry proof of both citizenship and identity.[1] A valid U.S. passport[1] or passport card[1] is preferred, although a birth certificate, naturalization certificate, citizenship certificate, or another document proving U.S. nationality, together with a government-issued photo ID (such as a driver's license) are acceptable to establish identity and nationality.[3] However, the documents required to return to the United States can be more restrictive (for example, a birth certificate and photo ID are insufficient) – see the section below on Return entry into the U.S.
Enhanced driver's licenses[edit]
An enhanced driver's license (EDL), currently issued by the states of Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington, is specifically designed to meet the requirements of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) to re-enter the United States via a land or water border. An EDL will also suffice as proof of identity and citizenship for American citizens entering Canada by road.[4]
NEXUS/FAST[edit]
NEXUS is a joint U S./Canadian program for pre-approved, low-risk travelers and requires an extensive background check and face to face interview with border officials of both nations. FAST (Free and Secure Trade) is the equivalent for international truck drivers. Membership in either program can expedite border clearance through the use of dedicated lanes.
United States permanent residents[edit]
United States permanent residents are required to show their Permanent Resident Card (green card). No passport or visa is required.[4]
Minors 16 and under[edit]
Children under 16 need only present proof of U.S. citizenship.[1] Nevertheless, it is recommended that identification for children be carried anyway.[5] Any person under 18 traveling alone requires a letter from a parent or guardian granting permission to travel to Canada.[5] The letter must state the traveler's name and the duration of the trip.[5]
A divorced parent who has or shares custody of a child should carry a copy of the custody document.[5] An adult who is not the parent or legal guardian of a child they are accompanying should have written permission from the parents or guardians to supervise the child.[5] When traveling in a group of vehicles, parents or guardians should be in the same vehicle as their children when arriving at the border.[5] CBSA personnel are looking for missing children and may question adults about children traveling with them.[5]
Documentation for vehicles[edit]
Persons driving into Canada must have their vehicle's registration document and proof of insurance.[5]
Visas and admissibility[edit]
A visa is not required for U.S. citizens to visit Canada for up to 180 days.[1] Anyone seeking to enter Canada for any purpose besides a visit (e.g. to work, study or immigrate) must qualify for the appropriate entry status and can see the Canadian immigration website.[1] The Canadian embassy or nearest consulate can be contacted for additional information.[1]
Inadmissibility[edit]
"Allowed to Leave Canada" form (as of 2008[update]) issued by CIC to an inadmissible person
Some persons are inadmissible—they are not allowed to enter Canada.[2]
As of 2011[update], if a person is denied entry and advised to re-enter the U.S., they are issued form IMM 1282B.[6] This form indicates that the person is allowed to withdraw their application to enter Canada, and is allowed to leave Canada. Persons who have been denied entry and provided this form are advised by the CBSA to show this form to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). There appears to be no legal precedent, however, for the traveler to voluntarily submit this form to the CBP, and doing so may cause the CBP to consider the traveler suspicious, and as a result they may subject the traveler to exhaustive questioning and search.[verification needed] Information about the denial of entry may nevertheless be automatically and immediately available to the CBP.
Grounds for inadmissibility[edit]
Individuals may be refused entry to or removed from Canada on the following grounds:[7]
Security reasons, including espionage, subversion, violence or terrorism, or membership in an organization involved in such activities.[7]
Human or international rights violations.[7]
Criminality.[7]
Organized crime, including membership in an organization that takes part in organized criminal activity.[7]
Health reasons, if their condition is likely to endanger public health or public safety, or might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demands on health or social services.[7]
Financial reasons, if they are unable or unwilling to support themselves and their family members.[7]
Misrepresentation, which includes providing false information or withholding information directly related to decisions made under Canada's Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA).[7]
Failure to comply with any provision of IRPA.[7] For instance, an attempt by persons who, having previously been deported from Canada, seek to enter Canada without written authorization.[7]
Having an inadmissible family member.[7]
Avoiding inadmissibility[edit]
Persons can be denied entry into Canada on the basis of suspicion alone. In particular, the CBSA may deny entry to persons they doubt will be able to support themselves and their dependents, or whose willingness and means to return to the U.S. is in doubt.[5] Certain documents, such as the following, can serve to reduce these doubts:[8][not in citation given]
Evidence of financial support, such as bank statements and passbooks.[8]
Income tax records, both recent and past.[8]
Evidence of employment, such as recent pay stubs, employment ID, and current letter from employer.[8]
Proof of residence, such as recent rent receipts, and copies of mortgage, deed, and utility bills.[8]
Confirmed means of departure from Canada, such as an airline, bus or train ticket with date and time of departure indicated.[8]
Information about destination in Canada, including destination address, destination telephone number, and name of the person being visited.[8]
Criminal inadmissibility[edit]
A single criminal conviction, no matter how minor or how long ago, is grounds for exclusion from Canada.[2] With the exception of civil traffic violations such as speeding, and some municipal ordinance infractions (which are typically not handled through the legal system) such as parking violations or littering, persons with a conviction must either have received a pardon, applied for and been accepted for rehabilitation, met the requirement to be considered deemed rehabilitated, or if ineligible for rehabilitation or deemed rehabilitated status, apply for and receive a temporary resident permit (a special type of visa) to enter Canada.[9]
Individuals with a criminal conviction that has been expunged are allowed entry into Canada.[10] Since the criminal database might not be up-to-date, it is best to have paperwork of the expungement to guarantee entry. A letter from an attorney will suffice.[11]
Rehabilitation[edit]
To be a candidate for rehabilitation, at least five years (or more depending on the severity of the offense) since the conclusion of any sentence imposed (imprisonment, probation, fine paid, suspension of driver's license, etc...) must have elapsed. Due to differences between legal systems, an overturned conviction or dismissed charges does not automatically overcome inadmissibility, unless the offense itself occurred in Canada. However, applicants in either of these situations can use an abbreviated process and the five-year waiting period generally does not apply. In simple cases, such as a single misdemeanor conviction, the application can typically be reviewed and approved by a Canadian Embassy, High Counsel, or CIC office. For more complicated histories or in the case of a felony conviction, the application will need to be forwarded to Ottawa for approval. Processing time in either case can take several months to a year or more, so it is advisable to begin the process of applying for rehabilitation well in advance of any planned travel to Canada. Factors considered when determining whether to approve an application for rehabilitation or not include the nature of the offense, the time elapsed and one's behavior since the offense was committed or since the sentence. Applicants are required to obtain clearances from law enforcement in the communities in which they have lived, and are strongly urged to submit documentation showing stability and reform such as records of employment and any education or treatment programs completed, as well as character references.[9]
A person with a past conviction can also be "deemed rehabilitated" by an immigration officer at the port of entry. Ten years must have elapsed since the conclusion of any sentence imposed and other criteria must be satisfied. Persons attempting to enter under the deemed rehabilitated system should also bring law enforcement clearances, documents showing a stable and reformed life, and character references, as the decision as to whether to admit someone as deemed rehabilitated is completely at the discretion of the border official and there is no recourse or right of appeal should deemed rehabilitated status be denied.[9] It should be noted that anyone with a felony conviction (unless a pardon was granted) cannot be deemed rehabilitated and must instead apply for rehabilitation or a temporary resident permit.
Temporary resident permits[edit]
Temporary resident permits are a one-time authorization for someone who is otherwise criminally inadmissible to enter Canada. Permits are rarely granted without cause, typically only in extenuating circumstances (such as a documented family emergency), on significant humanitarian grounds (such as sponsoring an inadmissible spouse or child), or for reasons of Canadian national interest, or in circumstances where the reasons for criminal inadmissibility are negligible.[12] TRP's are usually issued with varying restrictions and can be revoked if deemed necessary. Temporary resident permits can, however, be obtained by an individual who has a criminal record if it can be proven that he has been rehabilitated and is able to demonstrate that the need for him to enter Canada outweighs any risk that he may cause to Canada.[2][13]
Inadmissible family member[edit]
If an individual is deemed inadmissible, members of his or her family may also be deemed inadmissible solely based on that fact.
Offenses committed as a minor[edit]
In theory, a person is not inadmissible if they were convicted of a crime before the age of 18 and were tried as a young offender or through the juvenile justice system. If the person in question could have been tried as an adult (which is frequently the case in the US, where minors as young as 8 can be tried as an adult), regardless of whether they actually were or not, they are inadmissible.
Policies[edit]
Importation of firearms[edit]
Firearms are much more strictly controlled in Canada than in the U.S. Visitors bringing any firearms into Canada, or planning to borrow and use firearms while in Canada, are required to declare the firearms in writing using a Non-Resident Firearm Declaration form.[1] Multiple firearms can be declared at the same time.[1] Upon acceptance, this declaration serves as a temporary license and registration certificate for up to 60 days.[1] The Non-Resident Firearm Declaration has a cost of $25 (Canadian).[14] Visitors planning to borrow a firearm in Canada are required to obtain in advance a Temporary Firearms Borrowing License, the cost of which is $30 (Canadian), payable at the border.[1] These forms are required to be signed before a CBSA officer at the border.[1] Note that the forms are not available at the border itself. Details and downloadable forms are provided by the Canadian Firearms Program.[1]
Canada has three classes of firearms: non-restricted, restricted, and prohibited.[1] Non-restricted firearms include most ordinary hunting rifles and shotguns.[1] These can be brought temporarily into Canada for sporting or hunting use during hunting season, use in competitions, in-transit movement through Canada, or personal protection against wildlife in remote areas of Canada.[1] Any person wishing to bring a hunting rifle into Canada is required to be at least 18 years old, and the firearm must be properly stored for transport.[1] Restricted firearms are primarily handguns.[1] A restricted firearm may be brought into Canada, but an Authorization to Transport permit must be obtained in advance from a Chief Firearms Officer.[1] Prohibited firearms include fully automatic, converted automatics and assault-type weapons. Prohibited firearms are not allowed into Canada.[1] A comprehensive guide on importation of firearms and weapons is published by the CBSA.[15]
It is recommended that the Canadian embassy or a consulate, or the Canadian Firearms Program be contacted for detailed information and instructions on temporarily importing firearms in advance of any travel.[1] In all cases, travelers are required to declare to Canadian authorities any firearms and weapons in their possession when entering Canada.[1] If a traveler is denied permission to bring in the firearm, there may be facilities near border crossings where firearms may be stored, pending the traveler's return to the U.S.[1] Canadian law requires that officials confiscate firearms and weapons from those crossing the border that deny having them in their possession.[1] Confiscated firearms and weapons are never returned.[1] Possession of an undeclared firearm can result in a five-year prison sentence.[16]
Items requiring declaration[edit]
Food, plants, animals and related products are required to be declared when entering Canada[17] using a declaration form.[18] Once declared, a CBSA officer will ask questions about these items, such as their country of origin or intended use.[18] The items may be inspected.[18] Non-allowable items are either seized, disposed of, or ordered removed from Canada.[18]
A failure to declare can lead to confiscation of products, fines of up to $400 (Canadian) per undeclared item, as well as prosecution.[19] Persons wishing to dispose product needing declaration can do so in product disposal bins.[18]
Prohibited items[edit]
Electronic media of travelers entering Canada can be randomly checked.[1] Computers are subject to search without a warrant at the border, and illegal content can result in the seizure of the computer as well as detention, arrest and prosecution of the bearer.[1]
Certain weapons that may be legal to possess in the U.S. are prohibited weapons in Canada, most notably pepper spray, mace and Tasers. Under the Canadian Criminal Code, a person can face a maximum of five years in prison for unauthorized possession[20] and five years for unauthorized importation of an illegal weapon.[21] If, however, it can be proven that the person, despite knowing that its importation or possession is illegal, imports or possess a prohibited weapon, the maximum penalty increases to ten years imprisonment.
Canadian law prohibits the unlawful importation or trafficking of controlled substances and narcotics.[1] A number of travelers, including Americans, have been arrested for attempting to smuggle khat, an herbal stimulant from East Africa, into Canada.[1] Smugglers risk substantial fines, a permanent bar from Canada, and imprisonment.[1]
It is recommended that prescription medicines be in their original prescription container. Suspicious looking or unidentifiable pills found during a search can be tested for narcotics. Entry into Canada can be delayed until the tests have completed. Moreover, their discovery can lead to being denied entry even if the tests passed.
Handling disagreements[edit]
A person or organization may disagree with the CBSA about an assessment or decision made by the CBSA.[22] If at the border, the Border Services Officer (BSO) or superintendent can be consulted.[22] To address disagreements afterwards, a CBSA office can be contacted.[22]
Appeals[edit]
Persons who believe that they have not received their full entitlements under Canadian law, and have been unable to reach an agreement with the CBSA on a duty or penalty matter, have the right to a formal review of their file.[23] A formal review is conducted by appeals representatives who were not involved in the original decision, and is impartial.[23] Appeals staff are trained to review the client's and the CBSA's facts and reasons.[23]
The role of the appeals representative who reviews a case is to carry out a complete, professional, and impartial review.[23] This representative reviews the case by interpreting acts administered by the CBSA and reviewing CBSA policies, considering the appellant's point of view; and when necessary, asking for a technical opinion from CBSA experts or seeking legal advice from the Canadian Department of Justice.[23]
The representative who reviews the case will not have been involved in the original assessment, determination, or ruling of a duty, penalty or other matter.[23] The appellant can discuss the case with an appeals representative, and has the right to obtain certain documents related to the case.[23]
The CBSA does not charge for a review.[23] If a person is not satisfied with the review, a further appeal can be made to the appropriate court or, to the Canadian International Trade Tribunal for relevant matters.[23]
Business visits[edit]
A business visitor is someone who comes to Canada to engage in international business activities without directly entering the Canadian labor market.[24] Such visitors may be in Canada for business meetings or site visits (to observe only), but not to work.[24] Business visitors are required to prove that their main source of income and their main place of business are outside Canada.[24]
A visa is not required for a business visitor who is an American citizen.[25] All business visitors are required to have a passport valid until the end of their stay, a letter of support from their parent company, a letter of invitation from the Canadian host business, a copy of any contracts or bills to support the visit, 24-hour contact details of the business host in Canada, and proof of enough money for both the stay in Canada and the return home.[26] Business visitors do not need a temporary work permit unless they plan on doing executive, managerial, technical or production work.[27]
Return entry into the U.S.[edit]
Documentation[edit]
Beginning June 1, 2009, U.S. citizens aged 16 and older traveling into the U.S. from Canada by land or sea (including ferries) have had to present documents denoting citizenship and identity, which include a valid U.S. passport, U.S. passport card, Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, Global Entry or FAST), an Enhanced Driver’s License, U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders, U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling in conjunction with official maritime business, Form I-872 American Indian Card, or (when available) Enhanced Tribal Card. Children under age 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious group, or other youth group) need only to present a birth certificate issued by an appropriate state or local authority, or a Naturalization Certificate.[28] [29] Persons who do not present acceptable documents may be delayed as U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers at the port of entry attempt to verify identity and citizenship.[30]
Searches[edit]
The U.S. Customs and Border Protection has the authority from the U.S. Congress to conduct searches of persons and their baggage, cargo, and means of transportation entering the United States.[31] Persons unhappy with their treatment can ask to have a supervisor listen to their comments, or can make a complaint online.[31]
Persons whose vehicles are searched can be asked to leave their phones in the car. There exists the potential of data on a phone or laptop being collected, rapidly copied and searched. Contrary to Fourth Amendment protections, persons including U.S. citizens can be detained until they unlock their device so it can be searched.[32][33] It is recommended that an alternative phone be used and that it be reset before entering the country.[32][34]
Policies[edit]
Certain items such as monetary instruments over U.S. $10,000, hunting trophies, and firearms require a declaration.[31] Prescription medicines are required to be in their original prescription container.[31] Prohibited items include absinthe, biological materials, Cuban cigars and other products of Cuba, endangered species and products thereof; explosives, including fireworks; some fruits, vegetables, and meats; narcotics and paraphernalia, pornographic materials, seditious or treasonable matter, and switchblade knives (except by one-armed persons).[31] Pets must be accompanied with a valid rabies vaccination certificate.[31]
Expedited entry[edit]
Wait times for vehicles at popular border crossings can sometimes be excessive on either side of the border. It is recommended that the estimated wait time be checked in advance of travel. These are provided by both the CBSA[35] and the CBP.[36]
Both the U.S. and Canadian governments urge frequent travelers to join the NEXUS trusted traveler program.[1] NEXUS members receive a card that allows expedited border crossings for both private and commercial travelers through both U.S. and Canada border controls quickly.[1]
See also[edit]
Canada–United States border
List of Canada–United States border crossings
Canada–United States relations
United States border security concerns
External links[edit]
Border wait times for Canada bound persons from U.S. by the Canada Border Services Agency
Border wait times for U.S. bound persons from Canada by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Country Specific Information: Canada". U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs. December 11, 2007. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2008. [1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Visiting Canada: Who can apply". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. April 29, 2008. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Visitors to Canada and other Temporary Residents: Identification documents required". Canada Border Services Agency. 2010-05-19. Retrieved 2012-04-20. If you are a United States citizen (U.S.), you do not need a passport to enter Canada; however, you should carry proof of your citizenship such as a birth certificate, a certificate of citizenship or naturalization or a Certificate of Indian Status, as well as a photo ID.
^ Jump up to: a b "Guide for Transporters". Canada Border Services Agency. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Canada: Planning a Trip: Entry Requirements". Frommer's. FrommerMedia LLC. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
Jump up ^ "Clearance of Commercial Passenger Vessels Evaluation Study" (PDF). 2011-05-01. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Visiting Canada: Who is inadmissible?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2012-10-09. Archived from the original on 18 August 2008. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "A guideline for meeting the minimum requirements for entry to Canada as a temporary resident". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2007-02-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Visiting Canada: Overcoming criminal inadmissibility". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2006-03-29. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31. Depending on the nature of the offence, the time elapsed and your behaviour since it was committed or since you were sentenced, you may no longer be considered inadmissible to Canada. You may be permitted to come to Canada if you are able to satisfy an immigration officer that you meet the legal requirement to be deemed rehabilitated; or you have applied for rehabilitation and your application has been approved; or you have obtained a pardon; or you have obtained a temporary resident permit.
Jump up ^ "ENF 2/OP 18 Evaluating Inadmissibility" (PDF). CIC.GA.CA. Retrieved 29 September 2014. The “committing an act” inadmissibility provisions would generally not be applied in the following scenarios: [...] the person admits to committing the act but has received a record suspension or the record is expunged;
Jump up ^ "Can I Get into Canada with a DUI Expungement?". CDUIL. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Niren, Michael. "Denied Entry To Canada: TRP Applications". Retrieved 24 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Can you travel to Canada with a misdemeanor charge on your record? |". 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
Jump up ^ Fees for Firearm Documents
Jump up ^ http://cbsa.gc.ca/publications/pub/bsf5044-eng.html
Jump up ^ Importation and Exportation of Firearms Regulations (Individuals) (SOR/98-215) which is an offence under S.109 of the Firearms Act Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Visitor to Canada". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-12-28. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07. Travellers entering Canada are required to declare all food, plants, animals and related products when entering the country
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Frequently Asked Questions". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-12-28. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
Jump up ^ "Brochure – Be Aware and Declare". Be Aware and Declare. 2007-10-28. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07. Failure to declare could lead to: * Confiscation of products * Fines of up to $400 per undeclared item * Prosecution
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 91. Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 104. Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Disagreements, reviews and appeal". Canada Border Services Agency. 2005-06-01. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Formal review". Canada Border Services Agency. 2004-02-02. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: What is a business visitor?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. What is a business visitor? A business visitor is someone who comes to Canada to engage in international business activities without directly entering the Canadian labour market. For example, someone who comes to Canada to meet with representatives of companies doing business with their country would be considered a business visitor. Visitors may be in Canada for business meetings or site visits (to observe only). A person invited to Canada by a Canadian company for training in product use, sales or other functions related to a business transaction would also be included. Business visitors must prove that their main source of income and their main place of business are outside Canada.
Jump up ^ "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: Does a business visitor need a special visa to enter Canada?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. Does a business visitor need a special visa to enter Canada? No. There are no special visas for business visitors. Every temporary resident, except people from countries exempted by Canadian law, must get a temporary resident visa before coming to Canada.
Jump up ^ "Business visitors: Arriving". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-03-30. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. You should have all relevant documents on hand to present to the officer when you arrive. These documents include, but are not limited to a valid passport or travel document that will be valid until the end of your stay; if applicable, a temporary resident visa, letters of support from your parent company and a letter of invitation from the Canadian host business, a copy of any contracts or bills to support your visit, 24-hour contact details of your business host in Canada and proof that you have enough money for both your stay in Canada and your return home.
Jump up ^ "Frequently asked questions: Visiting Canada: Do I need a work permit as a business visitor?". Visiting Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-01. Do I need a work permit as a business visitor? You do not need a temporary work permit unless you are doing work such as executive, managerial, technical or production activities.
Jump up ^ "WHTI Program Background". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ U.S. Customs and Border Protection. "Fact Sheet: Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (Land and Sea Travel Document Requirements)" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Background Note: Canada". Background Notes. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. May 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-21. Since January 2007 U.S. citizens traveling by air to and from Canada have needed a valid passport to enter or re-enter the United States. Beginning January 31, 2008, U.S. and Canadian citizens aged 19 and older traveling into the U.S. from Canada by land or sea (including ferries) have had to present documents denoting citizenship and identity. This change primarily affects American and Canadian citizens who have previously been permitted entry into the U.S. by oral declaration alone, and marks the transition toward standard and consistent documents for all travelers entering the U.S. Acceptable documentation includes a valid passport or government-issued photo identification such as a driver's license and proof of citizenship such as a birth certificate. Children aged 18 and under need only to present a birth certificate. A list of acceptable documents is found at http://canada.usembassy.gov. Travelers who do not present acceptable documents may be delayed as U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers at the port of entry attempt to verify identity and citizenship. Beginning in June 2009, all travelers, including U.S. citizens, will have to present a passport or other secure document that denotes identity and citizenship when entering the U.S. from Canada.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Your Inspection at the U.S. Border: Questions and Answers". U.S. – Canada Relations: Border Issues. Embassy of the United States in Ottawa. Archived from the original on 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "I’ll never bring my phone on an international flight again. Neither should you.". 2017.
Jump up ^ "Law Enforcement Uses Border Search Exception as Fourth Amendment Loophole". 2016.
Jump up ^ "Defending Privacy at the U.S. Border: A Guide for Travelers Carrying Digital Devices". p. 16. Just get a different GSM-compatible phone and transfer your SIM card from your regular phone into the new phone. Your temporary phone will have far less of your private data on it
Jump up ^ "Border Wait Times". Canada Border Services Agency. 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-07. The table below shows the estimated wait times for reaching the primary inspection booth, the first point of contact with CBSA when crossing the Canada/U.S. land border.
Jump up ^ "CBP Border Wait Times". U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Retrieved 2008-09-07. The table below shows the estimated wait times for reaching the primary inspection booth, the first point of contact with CBP when crossing the Canada/U.S. and Mexico/U.S. land borders.
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Two Mules for Sister Sara
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Two Mules for Sister Sara
US film poster
Directed by
Don Siegel
Produced by
Martin Rackin
Carroll Case
Screenplay by
Albert Maltz
Story by
Budd Boetticher
Starring
Clint Eastwood
Shirley MacLaine
Music by
Ennio Morricone
Cinematography
Gabriel Figueroa
Edited by
Robert F. Shugrue
Production
company
The Malpaso Company
Sanen Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
June 16, 1970 (1970-06-16) (United States)
August 13, 1970 (1970-08-13) (Mexico)
Running time
114 minutes
Country
United States
Mexico
Language
English
Budget
$2.5 million[1][2]
Box office
$4.7 million (rentals)[3]
Two Mules for Sister Sara is a 1970 American-Mexican western film starring Shirley MacLaine (billed above Clint Eastwood in the film's credits, but not on the poster) set during the French intervention in Mexico. The film was released in 1970 and directed by Don Siegel. It was to have been the first in a five-year exclusive association between Universal Pictures and Sanen Productions of Mexico.[4] The film marked the second of five collaborations between Siegel and Eastwood, following Coogan's Bluff (1968). The collaboration continued with The Beguiled and Dirty Harry (both 1971) and finally Escape from Alcatraz (1979).
The plot follows an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a nun and aids a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.[5][6] The film featured both American and Mexican actors and actresses, including being filmed in the picturesque countryside near Tlayacapan, Morelos. Ennio Morricone composed the film’s music.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
2.1 Development
2.2 Casting
2.3 Filming
3 Cast
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reception
4.3 Accolades
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Just after the American Civil War, a former soldier, Hogan, rides up on a naked woman about to be raped by bandits. Hogan kills the bandits, showing not only that he can shoot, but that he is an expert with explosives. He is taken aback when he sees that the woman he has saved is a nun. Sister Sara is raising money to assist Mexican revolutionaries who are fighting the French. When Sara requests that Hogan takes her to a Mexican camp, he agrees because he had previously arranged to help the Mexican revolutionaries attack the French garrison in exchange for half the garrison's treasury, if they are successful.
As the duo heads towards the camp, Hogan is surprised that the nun drinks his whiskey. Before he attempts to detonate a charge to destroy a French ammunition train, he is shot with an arrow in the shoulder. Sara is able to bandage him, but he is still unable to shoot the charge to disable the train himself. Sara assists him in aiming his rifle, and the two succeed in destroying the train together. Eventually the two reach Juarista commander Col. Beltran's camp and Sara reveals the layout of the French garrison. She then reveals to Hogan that she is not a nun but a prostitute posing as a nun. Although Hogan is shocked, the two team up, infiltrate the fortress and open the gates for the Mexican revolutionary forces to swarm through.
A battle ensues. Hogan singlehandedly guns down several French soldiers. The French retreat and the Mexicans capture the fort. As promised, Hogan receives half the riches. Now wealthy and his job completed, Hogan sets off with Sara, whom he has fallen in love with, to open a gambling house in San Francisco.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Budd Boetticher, a long term-resident of Mexico renowned for his series of Randolph Scott westerns, wrote the original 1967 screenplay that was bought with the provision that he would direct. Boetticher had planned the film for Robert Mitchum and Deborah Kerr, who had played a man of action and a nun in Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison. Kerr's character was a member of the Mexican aristocracy escaping the vengeance of the Mexican Revolution, with Mitchum's cowboy protecting her as he led her to safety to the United States.
Carrol Case sold the screenplay to Martin Rackin, who had Albert Maltz, also living in Mexico, rewrite the story.[7] Maltz's version had Clint Eastwood playing a soldier of fortune for the Juaristas and Shirley MacLaine playing a revolutionary prostitute[8] now set during the French intervention in Mexico. The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Ennio Morricone.[9] Although the film had Leonesque dirty Hispanic villains, the film was considerably less crude and more sardonic than those of Leone.[10]
Boetticher expressed disgust with MacLaine's bawdy character obviously not looking like a nun as opposed to his idea of a genteel lady whose final revelation would have been more of a surprise to the audience.[11] Though Boetticher was friends with both Eastwood and director Don Siegel, Siegel understood Boetticher's dislike of the final film. Boetticher asked Siegel how he could make an awful film like that with Siegel replying that it was a great feeling to wake up in the morning and know there was a check in the mail, while Boetticher replied it was a better feeling to wake up in the morning and be able to look at yourself in the mirror.[12]
Casting[edit]
Eastwood had been shown the script by Elizabeth Taylor during the filming of Where Eagles Dare with the view of Taylor playing the female role. The role of Sister Sara was initially offered to Taylor (Taylor then being the wife of Richard Burton), but she had to turn down the role because she wanted to shoot in Spain where Burton was making his latest film.[10] Sister Sara was supposed to be Mexican but Shirley MacLaine was cast instead. Although they were initially unconvinced with her pale complexion,[13] Eastwood believed that the studio was keen on MacLaine as they had high hopes for her film Sweet Charity, in which she played a taxi dancer.[14] Both Siegel and Eastwood felt intimidated by her on set, and Siegel described Clint's co-star as, "It's hard to feel any great warmth to her. She's too unfeminine and has too much balls. She's very, very hard."[15] Two Mules for Sister Sara marked the last time that Eastwood would receive second billing for a film and it would be 25 years until he risked being overshadowed by a leading lady again in The Bridges of Madison County (1995).
Filming[edit]
The film was shot over 65 days in Mexico and cost around $4 million.[1][2] Many of the cast and crew, including MacLaine, were stricken by illness while filming due to the adjustment to the food and water in Mexico.[16]
Bruce Surtees was a camera operator on the film and acted as a go-between for Siegel and cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa, which led to his working on Siegel's next film The Beguiled.[17] Figueroa used many photographic filters for effects in the film.[18]
Eastwood revealed that he actually killed a rattlesnake for a scene in the film, as Mexican authorities did not want it released in the area after filming was over. Eastwood noted that he did not want to kill it, as he is opposed to killing animals.[19]
Cast[edit]
Clint Eastwood as Hogan
Shirley MacLaine as Sara
Manuel Fábregas (billed as Manolo Fábregas) as Col. Beltrán
Alberto Morin as Gen. LeClaire
Armando Silvestre as 1st American
John Kelly as 2nd American
Enrique Lucero as 3rd American
David Estuardo as Juan
Ada Carrasco as Juan's mother
Pancho Córdova as Juan's father
José Chávez as Horacio
José Ángel Espinosa as French Officer
Rosa Furman as Sara's friend
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film returned $4.7 million in North American domestic rentals, rendering it a solid, modestly profitable hit (a movie's gross is often close to twice the domestic rentals figure).[3]
Critical reception[edit]
Two Mules for Sister Sara received moderately favorable reviews, and Roger Greenspun of the New York Times reported, "I'm not sure it is a great movie, but it is very good and it stays and grows on the mind the way only movies of exceptional narrative intelligence do".[15][20] Stanley Kauffmann described the film as "an attempt to keep old Hollywood alive—a place where nuns can turn out to be disguised whores, where heroes can always have a stick of dynamite under their vests, where every story has not one but two cute finishes. Its kind of The African Queen gone west".[21][22] In a review by the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, Two Mules for Sister Sara was called "a solidly entertaining film that provides Clint Eastwood with his best, most substantial role to date; in it he is far better than he has ever been. In director Don Siegel, Eastwood has found what John Wayne found in John Ford and what Gary Cooper found in Frank Capra."[3] The New York Times in its book, The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made included Two Mules for Sister Sara in its top 1,000 films of all time.[23] Author Howard Hughes joked that critics "couldn't argue that Eastwood's acting was second to nun."[20]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Name
Outcome
Notes
1971 Laurel Award Clint Eastwood Best Action Performance Won 3rd place
1971 Laurel Award Shirley MacLaine Best Comedy Performance, Female Nominated 5th place
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1970
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b McGilligan (1999), p. 183
^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, p. 21
^ Jump up to: a b c Eliot (2009), p. 117-118
Jump up ^ Issuu – You Publish
Jump up ^ Frayling (1992), p. 7
Jump up ^ Smith (1993), p. 76
Jump up ^ Schickel (1996), p. 225
Jump up ^ Senses of Cinema, Ride Lonesome: The Career of Budd Boetticher Archived October 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Schickel (1996), p.226
^ Jump up to: a b McGilligan (1999), p. 179
Jump up ^ p. 219 Davis, Ronald L. Just Making Movies University Press of Mississippi
Jump up ^ p. 56 Dixon, Wheeler K. Film Talk Rutgers University Press
Jump up ^ McGilligan (1999), p. 181
Jump up ^ p. 11 Eastwood, Clint, Kapsis, Robert E., Coblentz, Kathie Clint Eastwood: Interviews University of Mississippi Press
^ Jump up to: a b McGilligan (1999), p. 182
Jump up ^ Munn, p. 93
Jump up ^ p. 101 Clint Eastwood
Jump up ^ p. 46 Maltin, Leonard The Art of the Cinematographer Dover Publications
Jump up ^ Munn, p. 98
^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, p. 25
Jump up ^ Kauffman, Stanley (August 1, 1970). "Stanley Kauffman on Films". The New Republic.
Jump up ^ Schickel (1996), p. 227
Jump up ^ Canby, Maslin & Nichols (1999)
Bibliography[edit]
Canby, Vincent; Maslin, Janet; Nichols, Peter (1999). The New York Times Guide to the Best 1000 Movies Ever Made. New York: Times Books. ISBN 0-8129-3001-0. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Eliot, Marc (2009). American Rebel: The Life of Clint Eastwood. Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-307-33688-0.
Frayling, Christopher (1992). Clint Eastwood. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-86369-307-5.
Hughes, Howard (2009). Aim for the Heart. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-902-7.
McGilligan, Patrick (1999). Clint: The Life and Legend. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-638354-8.
Munn, Michael (1992). Clint Eastwood: Hollywood's Loner. London: Robson Books. ISBN 0-86051-790-X.
Schickel, Richard (1996). Clint Eastwood: A Biography. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-42974-6.
Smith, Paul (1993). Clint Eastwood: A Cultural Production: Volume 8 of American Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1960-3.
External links[edit]
Two Mules for Sister Sara on IMDb
Two Mules for Sister Sara at AllMovie
Two Mules for Sister Sara at the TCM Movie Database
Two Mules for Sister Sara at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Don Siegel
Star in the Night (1945)
Hitler Lives (1945)
The Verdict (1946)
Night Unto Night (1949)
The Big Steal (1949)
The Duel at Silver Creek (1952)
No Time for Flowers (1952)
Count the Hours (1953)
China Venture (1953)
Riot in Cell Block 11 (1954)
Private Hell 36 (1954)
The Blue and Gold (1955)
Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)
Crime in the Streets (1956)
Spanish Affair (1957)
Baby Face Nelson (1957)
The Lineup (1958)
The Gun Runners (1958)
Edge of Eternity (1959)
Hound-Dog Man (1959)
Flaming Star (1960)
Hell Is for Heroes (1962)
The Killers (1964)
The Hanged Man (1964)
Stranger on the Run (1967)
Madigan (1968)
Coogan's Bluff (1968)
Death of a Gunfighter (1969)
Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970)
The Beguiled (1971)
Dirty Harry (1971)
Charley Varrick (1973)
The Black Windmill (1974)
The Shootist (1976)
Telefon (1977)
Escape from Alcatraz (1979)
Rough Cut (1980)
Jinxed! (1982)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Two_Mules_for_Sister_Sara&oldid=831699069"
Categories:
1970 films
English-language films
1970s Western (genre) films
American films
American Western (genre) films
Mexican films
Mexican Western (genre) films
Films directed by Don Siegel
Second French intervention in Mexico films
Films shot in Mexico
Films set in Mexico
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Hidden categories:
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Use mdy dates from April 2014
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
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This page was last edited on 21 March 2018, at 20:47.
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