text:
Isle of Man
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the racehorse, see Isle of Man (horse).
Isle of Man
Mannin, Ellan Vannin (Manx)
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: "Quocunque Jeceris Stabit" (Latin)
"Whithersoever you throw it, it will stand"[1]
Anthem: "O Land of Our Birth"
Location of the Isle of Man (red)
in the British Isles, Western Europe
Status
Crown dependency
Capital
and largest settlement
Douglas (Manx: Doolish)
54°09′N 4°29′W / 54.150°N 4.483°W / 54.150; -4.483
Official languages
English
(official, de facto)
Manx
(historical and heritage language)[2]
Religion
Church of England
Demonym
Manx
Government
Parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy with a de facto non-partisan democracy
• Lord of Mann
Elizabeth II
• Lieutenant Governor
Sir Richard Gozney
• Chief Minister
Howard Quayle
Legislature
Tynwald
• Upper house
Legislative Council
• Lower house
House of Keys
Establishment
1765
Area
• Total
572 km2 (221 sq mi) (unranked)
• Water (%)
0
Population
• 2011 census
83,314[3]
• Density
148/km2 (383.3/sq mi) (78th)
GDP (PPP)
2010 estimate
• Total
£4.1 billion (162nd)
• Per capita
US$53,800[clarification needed] (11th/12th)
Gini
41[4]
medium
HDI (2010)
0.849[5]
very high · 14th
Currency
Pound sterling (GBP);
Manx pound (IMP), legal tender only in the Isle of Man
Time zone
GMT (UTC)
• Summer (DST)
BST (UTC+1)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Drives on the
left
Calling code
+44[show]
Landlines:
+441624
Mobiles:
+447524
+447624
+447924
ISO 3166 code
IM
Internet TLD
.im
The Isle of Man (Manx: Ellan Vannin [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), also known simply as Mann (/mæn/; Manx: Mannin [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom.
Ranked by the World Bank as the 5th richest nation in the world by GDP per capita,[6] the largest sectors are insurance and eGaming with 17% of GNP each, followed by ICT and banking with 9% each.[7]
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, emerged. In 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles. Magnus III, King of Norway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103.[8]
In 1266, the island became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth, after being ruled by Norway. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal lordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1765, but the island never became part of the 18th century Kingdom of Great Britain or its successors the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the present-day United Kingdom: it retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
The Isle of Man parliament, Tynwald, became in 1881 the first national legislative body in the world to give women the right to vote in a general election, but this excluded married women.[9][10]
In 2016, the Isle of Man was the first whole nation to be awarded biosphere reserve status by UNESCO.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 History
3 Geography
3.1 Population
3.1.1 Census
4 Climate
5 Government
5.1 Socio-political structure
5.2 External relations and security
5.2.1 Defence
5.2.2 Emergency services
5.2.3 Citizenship
5.2.4 European Union
5.2.5 Commonwealth of Nations
5.3 Politics
5.4 Local government
6 Demographics
7 Education
8 Health
9 Economy
9.1 Communications
9.2 Transport
9.3 Space commerce
10 Culture
10.1 Language
10.2 Symbols
10.3 Religion
10.4 Myth, legend and folklore
10.5 Music
10.6 Food
10.7 Sport
10.7.1 Motorcycle racing
10.7.2 Cammag
10.8 Cinema
10.9 Fauna
11 See also
12 References
13 Bibliography
14 Further reading
15 External links
Name[edit]
The Manx name of the Isle of Man is Ellan Vannin: ellan (Manx pronunciation: [ɛlʲən]) is a Manx word meaning 'island'; Mannin (IPA: [manɪn]) appears in the genitive case as Vannin (IPA: [vanɪn]), with initial consonant mutation, hence Ellan Vannin, "Island of Mann". The short form often used in English, Mann, is derived from the Manx Mannin,[12] though sometimes the name is written as Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is Manu or Mana.[13]
The Old Irish form of the name is Manau or Mano. Old Welsh records named it as Manaw, also reflected in Manaw Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth.[14] The oldest known reference to the island calls it Mona, in Latin (Julius Caesar, 54 BC); in the 1st century, Pliny the Elder records it as Monapia or Monabia, and Ptolemy (2nd century) as Monœda (Mοναοιδα, Monaoida) or Mοναρινα (Monarina), in Koine Greek. Later Latin references have Mevania or Mænavia (Orosius, 416),[15] and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers. It is found in the Sagas of Icelanders as Mön.[16]
The name is probably cognate with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn,[17] usually derived from a Celtic word for 'mountain' (reflected in Welsh mynydd, Breton menez, and Scottish Gaelic monadh),[18][19] from a Proto-Celtic *moniyos.
The name was at least secondarily associated with that of Manannán mac Lir in Irish mythology (corresponding to Welsh Manawydan fab Llŷr).[20] In the earliest Irish mythological texts, Manannán is a king of the otherworld, but the 9th-century Sanas Cormaic identifies a euhemerised Manannán as "a famous merchant who resided in, and gave name to, the Isle of Man".[21] Later, a Manannán is recorded as the first king of Mann in a Manx poem (dated 1504).[22]
History[edit]
Main article: History of the Isle of Man
The Braaid in central Isle of Man, with remnants of a Celtic-Norse roundhouse and two longhouses, c. AD 650–950
The island was cut off from the surrounding islands around 8000 BC, and was colonised by sea some time before 6500 BC.[23] The first residents were Hunter-gatherers and fishermen. Examples of their tools are kept at the Manx Museum.[24]
The Kingdom of the Isles about the year 1100
The Neolithic Period marked the beginning of farming, and megalithic monuments began to appear, such as Cashtal yn Ard near Maughold, King Orry's Grave at Laxey, Meayll Circle near Cregneash, and Ballaharra Stones at St John's. There were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures.[25]
During the Bronze Age, burial mounds became smaller. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves with ornamental containers. The Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside.[26]
The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it Insula Manavia[27] although it is uncertain whether they conquered the island. Around the 5th century AD, large-scale migration from Ireland precipitated a process of Gaelicisation evidenced by Ogham inscriptions, giving rise to the Manx language, which is a Goidelic language closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic.[28]
Vikings arrived at the end of the 8th century. They established Tynwald and introduced many land divisions that still exist. In 1266 King Magnus VI of Norway ceded the islands to Scotland in the Treaty of Perth; but Scotland's rule over Mann did not become firmly established until 1275, when the Manx were defeated in the Battle of Ronaldsway, near Castletown.
In 1290 King Edward I of England sent Walter de Huntercombe to take possession of Mann. It remained in English hands until 1313, when Robert Bruce took it after besieging Castle Rushen for five weeks. A confused period followed when Mann was sometimes under English rule and sometimes Scottish, until 1346, when the Battle of Neville's Cross decided the long struggle between England and Scotland in England's favour.
English rule was delegated to a series of lords and magnates. The Tynwald passed laws concerning the government of the island in all respects and had control over its finances, but was subject to the approval of the Lord of Mann.
In 1866, the Isle of Man obtained limited Home Rule, with partly democratic elections to the House of Keys, but an appointed Legislative Council. Since then, democratic government has been gradually extended.
Geography[edit]
The Calf of Man seen from Cregneash
Main article: Geography of the Isle of Man
See also: List of islands of the Isle of Man and Biota of the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man is located in the middle of the northern Irish Sea, almost equidistant from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland (closest), and Wales (farthest). It is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long and, at its widest point, 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide. It has an area of around 572 square kilometres (221 sq mi).[29] Besides the island of Mann itself, the political unit of the Isle of Man includes some nearby small islands: the seasonally inhabited Calf of Man,[30] Chicken Rock on which stands an unmanned lighthouse, St Patrick's Isle and St Michael's Isle. The last two of these are connected to the main island by permanent roads/causeways.
Ranges of hills in the north and south are separated by a central valley. The northern plain, by contrast, is relatively flat, consisting mainly of deposits from glacial advances from western Scotland during colder times. There are more recently deposited shingle beaches at the northernmost point, the Point of Ayre. The island has one mountain higher than 600 metres (2,000 ft), Snaefell, with a height of 620 metres (2,034 ft).[29] According to an old saying, from the summit one can see six kingdoms: those of Mann, Scotland, England, Ireland, Wales, and Heaven.[31][32][33] Some versions add a seventh kingdom, that of the sea, or Neptune.[34][35][excessive citations]
Population[edit]
Map of the Isle of Man
Further information: Manx people
At the 2016 census,[36] the Isle of Man was home to 83,314 people, of whom 26,997 resided in the island's capital, Douglas and 9,128 in the adjoining village of Onchan. The population decreased by 1.4% between the 2011 and 2016 censuses. By country of birth, those born in the Isle of Man were the largest group (49.8%), while those born in the United Kingdom were the next largest group at 40% (33.9% in England, 3% in Scotland, 2% in Northern Ireland and 1.1% in Wales), 1.8% in the Republic of Ireland and 0.75% in the Channel Islands. The remaining 8.5% were born elsewhere in the world, with 5% coming from EU countries (other than the UK and Ireland).
Census[edit]
The Isle of Man Full Census, last held in 2016,[37] has been a decennial occurrence since 1821, with interim censuses being introduced from 1966. It is separate from, but similar to, the Census in the United Kingdom.
The 2001 census was conducted by the Economic Affairs Division of the Isle of Man Treasury, under the authority of the Census Act 1929.
Climate[edit]
The Isle of Man has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Average rainfall is higher than averaged over the territory of the British Isles, because the Isle of Man is far enough from Ireland for the prevailing south-westerly winds to accumulate moisture. Average rainfall is highest at Snaefell, where it is around 1,900 millimetres (75 in) a year. At lower levels it can be around 800 millimetres (31 in) a year. The highest recorded temperature was 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) at Ronaldsway on 12 July 1983.
[hide]Climate data for Isle of Man (Ronaldsway)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
13.3
(55.9) 13.2
(55.8) 17.1
(62.8) 20.0
(68) 24.0
(75.2) 27.0
(80.6) 29.0
(84.2) 27.8
(82) 26.5
(79.7) 22.7
(72.9) 16.3
(61.3) 15.0
(59) 29.0
(84.2)
Average high °C (°F)
8.2
(46.8) 7.9
(46.2) 9.2
(48.6) 11.1
(52) 14.1
(57.4) 16.3
(61.3) 18.1
(64.6) 18.1
(64.6) 16.3
(61.3) 13.6
(56.5) 10.9
(51.6) 8.9
(48) 12.8
(55)
Average low °C (°F)
3.9
(39) 3.4
(38.1) 4.4
(39.9) 5.4
(41.7) 7.7
(45.9) 10.2
(50.4) 12.2
(54) 12.4
(54.3) 11.1
(52) 8.9
(48) 6.3
(43.3) 4.5
(40.1) 7.6
(45.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−7.8
(18) −5.8
(21.6) −6.0
(21.2) −3.4
(25.9) −0.8
(30.6) 1.4
(34.5) 5.3
(41.5) 4.9
(40.8) 1.0
(33.8) −1.5
(29.3) −4.0
(24.8) −7.0
(19.4) −7.8
(18)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
82.6
(3.252) 57.5
(2.264) 65.5
(2.579) 55.7
(2.193) 50.9
(2.004) 58.1
(2.287) 56.2
(2.213) 65.3
(2.571) 75.3
(2.965) 102.5
(4.035) 103.1
(4.059) 91.8
(3.614) 864.4
(34.031)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
14.0 10.6 11.8 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.0 10.8 11.1 14.1 15.2 13.9 140.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours
54.1 77.9 115.9 171.2 227.6 203.4 197.4 184.9 138.9 103.6 63.5 46.0 1,584.6
Source #1: Met Office[38]
Source #2: Météo Climat[39]
Government[edit]
A composite satellite image of the Isle of Man
Main article: Isle of Man Government
The Lord of Mann is responsible for the Island's defence and ultimately for good governance, and for representing the island in international forums, while the island's own parliament and government have competence over all domestic matters.[40]
Socio-political structure[edit]
See also: Manx law
The island's parliament, Tynwald, is claimed to have been in continuous existence since 979 or earlier, purportedly making it the oldest continuously governing body in the world, though evidence supports a much later date.[41] Tynwald is a bicameral or tricameral legislature, comprising the House of Keys (directly elected by universal suffrage with a voting age of 16 years) and the Legislative Council (consisting of indirectly elected and ex-officio members). These two bodies also meet together in joint session as Tynwald Court.
The executive branch of government is the Council of Ministers, which is composed of members of the House of Keys. It is headed by the Chief Minister, currently (2017) Howard Quayle MHK.
Vice-regal functions of the Head of State are performed by a Lieutenant Governor.
External relations and security[edit]
Main article: External relations of the Isle of Man
Defence[edit]
Under British law, the Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom. However, the UK takes care of its external and defence affairs.[42] There are no independent military forces on the Isle of Man, although HMS Ramsey is affiliated with the town of the same name.[43] From 1938 to 1955 there was the Manx Regiment of the British Territorial Army, which saw extensive action during the Second World War.[44] In 1779, the Manx Fencible Corps, a fencible regiment of three companies, was raised; it was disbanded in 1783 at the end of the American War of Independence. Later, the Royal Manx Fencibles was raised at the time of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. The 1st Battalion (of 3 companies) was raised in 1793. A 2nd Battalion (of 10 companies) was raised in 1795,[45] and it saw action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798. The regiment was disbanded in 1802.[46] A third body of Manx Fencibles was raised in 1803 to defend the Island during the Napoleonic Wars and to assist the Revenue. It was disbanded in 1811.[47] In 2015 a multi-capability recruiting and training unit of the British Army Reserve was established in Douglas.[48]
Emergency services[edit]
The Isle of Man Government maintains five emergency services.[49] These are:
Isle of Man Constabulary (police)
Isle of Man Coastguard
Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
Isle of Man Ambulance Service
Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps
All of these services are controlled directly by the Isle of Man Government, and are independent of the United Kingdom. Nonetheless, the Isle of Man Constabulary voluntarily submits to inspection by the British inspectorate of police,[50] and the Isle of Man Coastguard contracts Her Majesty's Coastguard (UK) for air-sea rescue operations.
Citizenship[edit]
The cover of an Isle of Man passport
Main article: Manx passport
Citizenship in the Isle of Man is governed by British law. Passports issued by the Isle of Man Passport Office say "British Islands – Isle of Man" on the cover but the nationality status stated on the passport is simply "British Citizen". Although Manx passport holders are British citizens, because the Isle of Man is not part of the European Union, people born on the Island without a parent or grandparent either born, naturalised, registered or resident for more than five consecutive years in the United Kingdom do not have the same rights as other British citizens with regard to employment and establishment in the EU. Isle of Man passports can be issued to any British citizen in the Isle of Man (whether or not that person has "Manx status" as an Isle of Man worker under the local Isle of Man employment laws). They can also be issued to Manx-connected British citizens residing in Britain or either of the other Crown Dependencies.
European Union[edit]
The Isle of Man holds neither membership nor associate membership of the European Union, and thus did not take part in the 2016 referendum on the UK's EU membership. Protocol 3 of the UK's Act of Accession to the Treaty of Rome included the Isle of Man within the EU's customs area, allowing for trade in Manx goods without tariffs throughout the EU.[51] However, there are still limitations on the movement of capital and services.
EU citizens are entitled to travel and reside, but not work, in the island without restriction. And Manx citizens—without the hereditary qualification outlined above—are similarly restricted from working in the EU.[52][53]
The effect of the UK leaving the European Union is uncertain. The UK has confirmed that the Crown Dependencies' position will be included in the Brexit negotiations.[54]:ch.5
Commonwealth of Nations[edit]
The Isle of Man is not itself a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. By virtue of its relationship with the United Kingdom, it takes part in several Commonwealth institutions, including the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the Commonwealth Games. The Government of the Isle of Man has made calls for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth,[55] including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings.[56] The Chief Minister of the Isle of Man has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the Island's international relationships."[57]
Politics[edit]
Isle of Man local authorities and sheadings
Main article: Politics of the Isle of Man
See also: List of political parties in the Isle of Man and Elections in the Isle of Man
Most Manx politicians stand for election as independents rather than as representatives of political parties. Though political parties do exist, their influence is not nearly as strong as in the United Kingdom.
There are two political parties in the Isle of Man. The Liberal Vannin Party (established 2006) has two seats in the House of Keys; they promote greater Manx independence and more accountability in Government. The Manx Labour Party is the other: until 28 February 2018 they held two seats in the Legislative Council.
A number of pressure groups also exist on the island. Mec Vannin advocate the establishment of a sovereign republic.[58] The Positive Action Group[out of date?] campaign for three key elements to be introduced into the governance of the island: open accountable government, rigorous control of public finances, and a fairer society.[59]
Local government[edit]
Main article: Local government in the Isle of Man
Local government on the Isle of Man is based partly on the island's 17 ancient parishes. There are two types of local authorities:
a corporation for the Borough of Douglas, and bodies of commissioners for the town districts of Castletown, Peel and Ramsey, and
the village districts of Kirk Michael, Onchan, Port Erin and Port St Mary, and the 14 "parish districts" (those parishes or parts of parishes which do not fall within the districts previously mentioned).
Local authorities are under the supervision of the Isle of Man Government's Department of Local Government and the Environment (DOLGE).
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of the Isle of Man
Education[edit]
Main article: Education in the Isle of Man
Public education is under the Department of Education and Children. Thirty-two primary schools, five secondary schools, and the University College Isle of Man function under the department.[60]
Health[edit]
Main article: Health in the Isle of Man
Health and social care on the Isle of Man is the responsibility of the Department of Health and Social Care (Isle of Man). Healthcare is free for residents and visitors from the UK.[61]
Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man Department for Enterprise manages the diversified economy in twelve key sectors.[62] The largest sectors by GNP are insurance and eGaming with 17% of GNP each, followed by ICT and banking with 9% each. The 2016 census lists 41,636 total employed. [63] The largest sectors by employment are "medical and health", "financial and business services", construction, retail and public administration.[64] Manufacturing, focused on aerospace and the food and drink industry,[65] employs almost 2000 workers and contributes with about 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The sector provides laser optics, industrial diamonds, electronics, plastics and aerospace precision engineering. Tourism, agriculture, fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, now make very little contributions to the island's GDP.
After thirty years of continued GDP growth, the unemployment rate is just around 1%.
The Isle of Man is a low-tax economy with no capital gains tax, wealth tax, stamp duty, or inheritance tax[66] and a top rate of income tax of 20%.[67] A tax cap is in force: the maximum amount of tax payable by an individual is £125,000 or £250,000 for couples if they choose to have their incomes jointly assessed. Personal income is assessed and taxed on a total worldwide income basis rather than a remittance basis. This means that all income earned throughout the world is assessable for Manx tax rather than only income earned in or brought into the island.
The standard rate of corporation tax for residents and non-residents is 0%. Retail business profits above £500,000 and banking business income are taxed at 10%, and rental (or other) income from land and buildings situated on the Isle of Man is taxed at 20%.[68]
Peel is the island's main fishing port.
Trade takes place mostly with the United Kingdom. The island is in customs union with the UK, and related revenues are pooled and shared under the Common Purse Agreement. This means that the Isle of Man cannot have the lower excise revenues on alcohol and other goods that are enjoyed in the Channel Islands.
The Manx government promotes island locations for making films by offering financial support. Since 1995, over 100 films have been made on the island.[69] Most recently the Island takes a much wider strategy to attract the general digital media industry in film, television, video and eSports.[70]
The Isle of Man Government Lottery operated from 1986 to 1997. Since 2 December 1999 the island has participated in the United Kingdom National Lottery.[71][72] The island is the only jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom where it is possible to play the UK National Lottery.[73] Since 2010 it has also been possible for projects in the Isle of Man to receive national lottery Good Causes Funding.[74][75] The good causes funding is distributed by the Manx Lottery Trust.[76] Tynwald receives the 12p lottery duty for tickets sold in the Island.
Tourist numbers peaked in the first half of the 20th century, prior to the boom in cheap travel to Southern Europe that also saw the decline of tourism in many similar English seaside resorts. The Isle of Man tourism board has recently invested in "Dark Sky Discovery" sites to diversify its tourism industry. It is expected that dark skies will generally be nominated by the public across the UK. However, the Isle of Man tourism board tasked someone from their team to nominate 27 places on the island as a civil task. This cluster of the highest quality "Milky Way" sites [77] is now well promoted within the island. This government push has effectively given the island a headstart in the number of recognised Dark Sky sites. However, this has created a distorted view when compared to the UK where this isn't promoted on a national scale. There, Dark Sky sites are expected to be nominated over time by the public across a full cross section of national town, city and countryside locations rather than en masse by government departments.[78]
In 2017 an office of The International Stock Exchange was opened to provide a boost for the island's finance industry.[79]
Communications[edit]
Main article: Communications on the Isle of Man
The main telephone provider on the Isle of Man is Manx Telecom. The island has two mobile operators: Manx Telecom, previously known as Manx Pronto, and Sure. Cloud9 operated as a third mobile operator on the island for a short time, but has since withdrawn.[citation needed] Broadband internet services are available through four local providers: Wi-Manx, Domicilium, Manx Computer Bureau and Manx Telecom. The island does not have its own ITU country code, but is accessed via the British country code (+44), and the island's telephone numbers are part of the British telephone numbering plan, with local dialling codes 01624 for landlines and 07524, 07624 and 07924 for mobiles. Calls to the island from the UK however, are generally charged differently from those within the UK, and may or may not be included in any "inclusive minutes" packages.[80][81]
In 1996, the Isle of Man Government obtained permission to use the .im national top-level domain (TLD), and has ultimate responsibility for its use. The domain is managed from day to day by Domicilium, an island-based internet service provider.
In December 2007, the Manx Electricity Authority and its telecommunications subsidiary, e-llan Communications, commissioned the laying of a new fibre-optic link that connects the island to a worldwide fibre-optic network.
The Isle of Man has three radio stations: Manx Radio, Energy FM and 3 FM.
There is no insular television service, but local transmitters retransmit British mainland digital broadcasts via the free-to-air digital terrestrial service Freeview. The Isle of Man is served by BBC North West for BBC One and BBC Two television services, and Granada Television for ITV.
Many television services are available by satellite, such as Sky, and Freesat from the group of satellites at 28.2° East, as well as services from a range of other satellites around Europe such as the Astra satellites at 19.2° east and Hotbird.
The Isle of Man has three newspapers, all weeklies, and all owned by Isle of Man Newspapers, a division of the Edinburgh media company Johnston Press.[82] The Isle of Man Courier (distribution 36,318) is free and distributed to homes on the island. The other two newspapers are Isle of Man Examiner (circulation 13,276) and the Manx Independent (circulation 12,255).[83]
Postal services are the responsibility of Isle of Man Post, which took over from the British General Post Office in 1973.
Transport[edit]
Main article: Transport in the Isle of Man
Sea Terminal front façade
There is a comprehensive bus network, operated by the government-owned bus operator Bus Vannin.[84]
The Isle of Man Sea Terminal in Douglas has regular ferries to and from Heysham and to and from Liverpool, with a more restricted timetable operating in winter. There are also limited summer-only services to and from Belfast and Dublin. The Dublin route also operates at Christmas. At the time of the Isle of Man TT a limited number of sailings operate to and from Larne in Northern Ireland. All ferries are operated by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.[85]
The only commercial airport on the island is the Isle of Man Airport at Ronaldsway. There are direct scheduled and chartered flights to numerous airports in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[86]
One of the oldest operating horse tram services is located on the sea front in the capital, Douglas. It was founded in 1876.[87]
The island used to have an extensive narrow-gauge railway system, both steam-operated and electric, but the majority of the steam railway tracks were taken out of service many years ago, and the track removed. As of 2017, there is a steam railway between Douglas and Port Erin, an electric railway between Douglas and Ramsey and an electric mountain railway which climbs Snaefell.[87]
The island has a total of 688 miles (1,107 km)[88] of public roads, all of which are paved. There is no overriding national speed restriction; only local speed limits are set and some roads have no speed limit. Rules for reckless driving and most other driving regulations are enforced in a similar way to the UK.[89] One proposal currently[out of date?] under consideration by the Isle of Man Government to improve road safety is the introduction of compulsory vehicle tests (similar to MOT tests in the UK).[90]
Space commerce[edit]
The Isle of Man has become a centre for emerging private space travel companies.[91] A number of the competitors in the Google Lunar X Prize, a $30 million competition for the first privately funded team to send a robot to the Moon, are based on the Island. The team summit for the X Prize was held on the Island in October 2010.[92] In January 2011 two research space stations owned by Excalibur Almaz arrived on the Island and were kept in an aircraft hangar at the airfield at the former RAF Jurby near Jurby.[93]
Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of the Isle of Man
The culture of the Isle of Man is often promoted as being influenced by its Celtic and, to a lesser extent, its Norse origins. Proximity to the UK, popularity as a UK tourist destination in Victorian times, and immigration from Britain has meant that the cultures of Great Britain have been influential at least since Revestment. Revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of Anglicisation, and there has been significantly increased interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition.
Language[edit]
Main articles: Manx language and Manx English
A bilingual sign in the Isle of Man featuring Manx and English
The official languages of the Isle of Man are, since 1985, Manx and English.[94] Manx has traditionally been spoken but is now considered "critically endangered".[95]
Manx is a Goidelic Celtic language and is one of a number of insular Celtic languages spoken in the British Isles.[96] Manx has been officially recognised as a legitimate autochthonous regional language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, ratified by the United Kingdom on 27 March 2001 on behalf of the Isle of Man government.[97]
Manx is closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic, but is orthographically sui generis.
On the island, the Manx greetings moghrey mie (good morning) and fastyr mie (good afternoon) can often be heard.[98] As in Irish and Scottish Gaelic, the concepts of "evening" and "afternoon" are referred to with one word.[99] Two other Manx expressions often heard are Gura mie eu ("Thank you"; familiar 2nd person singular form Gura mie ayd) and traa dy liooar, meaning "time enough", this represents a stereotypical view of the Manx attitude to life.[100][101]
Symbols[edit]
A sculpture of the Manx triskelion as seen in front of Ronaldsway Airport terminal.
For centuries, the island's symbol has been the so-called "three legs of Mann" (Manx: Tree Cassyn Vannin), a triskelion of three legs conjoined at the thigh. The Manx triskelion, which dates with certainty to the late 13th century, is of uncertain origin. It has been suggested that its origin lies in Sicily, an island which has been associated with the triskelion since ancient times.[102][103]
The symbol appears in the island's official flag and official coat of arms, as well as its currency. The Manx triskelion may be reflected in the island's motto, Latin: Quocunque jeceris stabit, which appears as part of the island's coat of arms. The Latin motto translates into English as "whichever way you throw, it will stand"[104] or "whithersoever you throw it, it will stand".[1] It dates to the late 17th century when it is known to have appeared on the island's coinage.[104] It has also been suggested that the motto originally referred to the poor quality of coinage which was common at the time—as in "however it is tested it will pass".[105]
The ragwort or cushag is the Manx national flower.[106]
Religion[edit]
Peel Cathedral.
See also: Diocese of Sodor and Man
The predominant religious tradition of the island is Christianity. Before the Protestant Reformation, the island had a long history as part of the Catholic Church, and in the years following the Reformation, the religious authorities on the island, and later the population of the island, accepted the religious authority of the British monarchy and the Church of England.[107] It has also come under the influence of Irish religious tradition. The island forms a separate diocese called Sodor and Man, which in the distant past comprised the medieval kingdom of Man and the Scottish isles ("Suðreyjar" in Old Norse). It now consists of 16 parishes,[108] and since 1541[109] has formed part of the Province of York.[110] (These modern ecclesiastical parishes do not correspond to the island's ancient parishes mentioned in this article under "Local Government", but more closely reflect the current geographical distribution of population.)
Other Christian churches also operate on the Isle of Man. The second largest denomination is the Methodist Church, whose Isle of Man District is close in numbers to the Anglican diocese. There are eight Catholic parish churches, included in the Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool, as well as a presence of Eastern Orthodox Christians. Additionally there are five Baptist churches, four Pentecostal churches, the Salvation Army, a ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, two congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses, two United Reformed churches, as well as other Christian churches. There is a small Muslim community, with its own mosque in Douglas, and there is also a small Jewish community.[111]
Myth, legend and folklore[edit]
Peel Castle
In Manx mythology, the island was ruled by the sea god Manannán, who would draw his misty cloak around the island to protect it from invaders. One of the principal folk theories about the origin of the name Mann is that it is named after Manannán.
In the Manx tradition of folklore, there are many stories of mythical creatures and characters. These include the Buggane, a malevolent spirit which, according to legend, blew the roof off St Trinian's Church in a fit of rage; the Fenodyree; the Glashtyn; and the Moddey Dhoo, a ghostly black dog which wandered the walls and corridors of Peel Castle.
The Isle of Man is also said to be home to fairies, known locally as "the little folk" or "themselves". There is a famous Fairy Bridge, and it is said to be bad luck if one fails to wish the fairies good morning or afternoon when passing over it. It used to be a tradition to leave a coin on the bridge to ensure good luck. Other types of fairies are the Mi'raj and the Arkan Sonney.
An old Irish story tells how Lough Neagh was formed when Ireland's legendary giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (commonly anglicised to Finn McCool) ripped up a portion of the land and tossed it at a Scottish rival. He missed, and the chunk of earth landed in the Irish Sea, thus creating the island.
Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian Avalon[112] or as the location of the Grail Castle, site of Lancelot's encounter with the sword bridge of King Melegaunt.[113]
One of the most often-repeated myths is that people found guilty of witchcraft were rolled down Slieau Whallian, a hill near St John's, in a barrel. However this is a 19th-century legend which comes from a Scottish legend, which in turn comes from a German legend. It never happened. Separately, a witchcraft museum was opened at the Witches Mill, Castletown in 1951. There has never actually been a witches' coven on that site; the myth was only created with the opening of the museum.[114]
Music[edit]
Main article: Music of the Isle of Man
The music of the Isle of Man reflects Celtic, Norse and other influences, including from its neighbours, Scotland, Ireland, England and Wales. A wide range of music is performed on the island, such as rock, blues, jazz and pop. However, its traditional folk music has undergone a revival since the 1970s, starting with a music festival called Yn Çhruinnaght in Ramsey.[115] This was part of a general revival of the Manx language and culture after the death of the last native speaker of Manx in 1974. The Isle of Man was mentioned in the Who song "Happy Jack" as the homeland of the song's titular character, who is always in a state of ecstasy, no matter what happens to him. It is also the birthplace of Maurice, Robin and Barry Gibb, of the Bee Gees.
Food[edit]
In the past the basic national dish of the island was spuds and herrin, boiled potatoes and herring. This plain dish was supported by the subsistence farmers of the island, who crofted the land and fished the sea for centuries. A more recent claim for the title of national dish could be the ubiquitous chips, cheese and gravy. This dish, which is similar to poutine, is found in most of the island's fast-food outlets, and consists of thick cut chips, covered in shredded Cheddar cheese and topped with a thick gravy.[116]
Seafood has traditionally accounted for a large proportion of the local diet. Although commercial fishing has declined in recent years, local delicacies include Manx kippers (smoked herring) which are produced by the smokeries in Peel on the west coast of the island, albeit mainly from North Sea herring these days.[117] The smokeries also produce other specialities including smoked salmon and bacon.
Crab, lobster and scallops are commercially fished, and the Queen Scallop (Queenies) is regarded as a particular delicacy, with a light, sweet flavour.[118] Cod, ling and mackerel are often angled for the table, and freshwater trout and salmon can be taken from the local rivers and lakes, supported by the government fish hatchery at Cornaa on the east coast.
Cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry are all commercially farmed; Manx lamb from the hill farms is a popular dish. The Loaghtan, the indigenous breed of Manx sheep, has a rich, dark meat that has found favour with chefs,[119][120] featuring in dishes on the BBC's MasterChef series.
Manx cheese has also found some success, featuring smoked and herb-flavoured varieties, and is stocked by many of the UK's supermarket chains.[121][122][123] Manx cheese took bronze medals in the 2005 British Cheese Awards, and sold 578 tonnes over the year. Manx cheddar has been exported to Canada where it is available in some supermarkets.[124]
Beer is brewed on a commercial scale by Okells Brewery, which was established in 1850 and is the island's largest brewer; and also by Bushy's Brewery and the Hooded Ram Brewery. The Isle of Man's Pure Beer Act of 1874, which resembles the German Reinheitsgebot is still in effect: under this Act, brewers may only use water, malt, sugar and hops in their brews.[125]
Sport[edit]
Main article: Sport in the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man is represented as a nation in the Commonwealth Games and the Island Games and hosted the IV Commonwealth Youth Games in 2011. Manx athletes have won three gold medals at the Commonwealth Games, including the one by cyclist Mark Cavendish in 2006 in the Scratch race. The Island Games were first held on the island in 1985, and again in 2001.
Isle of Man teams and individuals participate in many sports both on and off the island including rugby union, football, gymnastics, field hockey, netball, Taekwondo, bowling, Obstacle Course Racing and cricket. It being an island, many types of watersports are also popular with residents.
Motorcycle racing[edit]
Further information: Isle of Man TT
The main international event associated with the island is the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, colloquially known as "The TT",[126] which began in 1907. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international road racing event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the "greatest motorcycle sporting events of the world".[127] Taking place over a two-week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island's economy and has become part of Manx identity.[128] For many, the Isle carries the title "road racing capital of the world".[129]
The Manx Grand Prix is a separate motorcycle event for amateurs and private entrants that uses the same 60.70 km (37.72 mi)[130] Snaefell Mountain Course in late August and early September.
Cammag[edit]
Main article: Cammag
Prior to the introduction of football at the beginning of the 20th century, Cammag was the island's national sport.[131] It is similar to the Irish hurling and the Scottish game of shinty. Nowadays there is an annual match at St John's.
Cinema[edit]
The Isle of Man has two cinemas, both in Douglas. The Broadway Cinema is located in the Government-owned and -run Villa Marina and Gaiety Theatre complex. It has a capacity of 154 and also doubles as a conference venue.[132]
The Palace Cinema is located next to the derelict Castle Mona hotel and is operated by the Sefton Group. It has two screens: Screen One holds 293 customers, while Screen Two is smaller with a capacity of just 95. It was extensively refurbished in August 2011.[133]
Fauna[edit]
Main articles: Manx cat, Manx Loaghtan, Biota of the Isle of Man, and Extinct animals from the Isle of Man
Manx Loaghtan Sheep are bred on the island for their meat.
There are two domestic animals specifically connected to the Isle of Man, though they are also found elsewhere.
The Manx cat is a breed of cat noted for its genetic mutation that causes it to have a shortened tail. The length of this tail can range from a few inches, known as a "stumpy", to being completely nonexistent, or "rumpy". Manx cats display a range of colours and usually have somewhat longer hind legs compared to most cats. The cats have been used as a symbol of the Isle of Man on coins and stamps and at one time the Manx government operated a breeding centre to ensure the continuation of the breed.[134]
The Manx Loaghtan sheep is a breed native to the island. It has dark brown wool and four, or sometimes six, horns. The meat is considered to be a delicacy.[135] There are several flocks on the island and others have been started in England and Jersey.
A more recent arrival on the island is the red-necked wallaby, which is now established on the island following an escape from the Wildlife Park.[136]
There are also many feral goats in Garff: a matter which was raised in Tynwald Court in January 2018.[137]
In March 2016 the Isle of Man became the first entire country to be adopted into UNESCO's Network of Biosphere Reserves.[138]
See also[edit]
Outline of the Isle of Man
History of the Isle of Man
Towns in the Isle of Man
Geography portal
Europe portal
Isle of Man portal
Celtic Studies portal
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Island Facts". Gov.im. Public Services, Isle of Man Government. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government - Manx Gaelic". Gov.im. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "2016 Isle of Man Census Report" (PDF). Isle of Man Government - Economic Affairs Division. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Income Inequalities". The Poverty Site. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Human Development Report 2010" (PDF). HDR.UNDP.org. United Nations Development Programme. p. 143 ff. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "World Bank: Gross national income per capita" (PDF). Databank.WorldBank.org. World Bank. 17 April 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man: National Income Report" (PDF). gov.im. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt – Norsk biografisk leksikon. Snl.no. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man: Adult suffrage". Tynwald.org.im. 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ New Zealand was the first nation to grant all women the vote, in 1893.
Jump up ^ "UNESCO: Isle of Man biosphere reserve". Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Jeffcott, J.M. Manx Miscellanies Vol.II, Manx Society, 1880, retrieved 25 February 2016
Jump up ^ Kinvig, R. H. (1975). The Isle of Man: A Social, Cultural and Political History (3rd ed.). Liverpool University Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-85323-391-8.
Jump up ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 676. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
Jump up ^ Rivet, A. L. F.; Smith, Colin (1979). "The Place Names of Roman Britain". Batsford: 410–411.
Jump up ^ Moore 1903:84 Sacheverell 1859:119–120 Waldron 1726:1 Kinvig, R. H. (1975). The Isle of Man. A Social, Cultural and Political History (3rd ed.). Liverpool University Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 0-85323-391-8.
Jump up ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 676. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
Jump up ^ Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: Record number 1277 (Root / lemma: men-1)
Jump up ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 679. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
Jump up ^ Kneale, Victor (2006). "Ellan Vannin (Isle of Man). Britonia". In Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 676. The Old Irish name Manandán is often interpreted as 'He of [the isle of] Mann'. If the name of Mann reflects the generic word for 'mountain', it is impossible to distinguish this from a generic 'he of the mountain'; but the patronymic mac Lir, interpreted as 'son of the Sea', is taken to reinforce the association with the island. See, e.g.: Wagner, Heinrich. "Origins of Pagan Irish Religion". Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie. v. 38. 1-28.
Jump up ^ Cited after Catholic World 37 (1883) p. 261.
Jump up ^ The Dublin Review 57 (1865), 83f.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Richard (2007). The prehistory of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-521-84811-3.
Jump up ^ Manx Museum Mesolithic collections Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Manx Museum Neolithic collections Archived 8 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Home - Manx National Heritage". Manx National Heritage. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Esmonde Cleary, A.; Warner, R.; Talbert, R.; Gillies, S.; Elliott, T.; Becker, J. "Manavia Insula". Pleides. Pleiades. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Manx Museum Celtic Farmers (Iron Age) collections Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Geography – Isle of Man Public Services". Gov.im. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Archer, Mike (2010). Bird Observatories of Britain and Ireland (2nd ed.). A&C Black. ISBN 1-4081-1040-7.
Jump up ^ "Snaefell Mountain Railway". Isle of Man Guide. Maxima Systems. Retrieved 5 June 2008. From the top on a clear day it is said one can see the six kingdoms. The kingdom of Scotland, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Mann and Heaven.
Jump up ^ "Snaefell Mountain Railway". VisitIsleOfMan.com. Isle of Man Government. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "Snaefell Mountain Railway". Best Loved Hotels. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "Snaefell Summit". Isle-of-Man.com. Retrieved 5 June 2008. It is the answer to the often posed question as to where can one see seven kingdoms at the same time? The seven Kingdoms being the four mentioned by Earl James, the Kingdom of Man, of Earth (in some answers that of Neptune) and of Heaven.
Jump up ^ Pfister-Drews, Diane. "Center for Celtic Studies – Home Page" (PDF). UWM.edu. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Census 2016 – Summary Results" (PDF). Isle of Man Treasury. Isle of Man Government. April 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government - Census". Gov.im. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ronaldsway 1981–2010 averages". Station, District and Regional Averages 1981–2010. Met Office. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Météo climat stats Isle of Man records". Météo Climat. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government website". Isleofmanfinance.gov.im. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Taking Liberties - Star Items - Chronicle of Mann". BL.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Royal Commission on the Constitution 1969–1973, Volume I, Report (Cmnd 5460) (Report). London. 1973.
Jump up ^ "HMS Ramsey". Royal Navy. 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Regimental Museum – History". Isle of Man Guide. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
Jump up ^ See The Forgotten Army: Fencible Regiments for more detail.
Jump up ^ Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1914). "An Old Highland Fencible Corps: The history of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794–1802, with an account of its services in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798". Edinburgh: Blackwood: 363.
Jump up ^ "Regiments stationed on Isle of Man, 1765-1896". Isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "British Army opens first reserve unit opens on Isle of Man since 1968". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
Jump up ^ The official Government web portal lists five emergency services here Archived 16 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "Welcome to the Isle of Man Constabulary". Isle of Man Government. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manx government explanation of Protocol 3" (PDF). Gov.im. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Facts & Economic Data". Isle of Man Finance. Isle of Man Government. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Immigration in the Isle of Man" (PDF). Isle of Man Government. October 2006. p. 12. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Legislating for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union" (PDF). Department for Exiting the European Union. 30 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "The role and future of the Commonwealth". House of Commons. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Written evidence from the States of Guernsey". Policy Council of Guernsey. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man welcomes report on Commonwealth future". Isle of Man Government. 23 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mec Vannin". Mecvannin.im. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "PAG - Positive Action Group - Isle of Man - Positive Action Group - Isle of Man - Pag, Credit, Agreement, User, February". Positiveactiongroup.org. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Department of Education and Children Home Page – Isle of Man Government Department of Education and Children Archived 21 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. Gov.im. Retrieved on 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Healthcare on the Isle of Man". LOcate IM. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man: Key sectors". Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Census 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "2016 Isle of Man Census" (PDF). Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Manufacturing Sector". whereyoucan.im (Department for Enterprise). Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Financial Services Sector - Isle of Man. Where You Can". Gov.im. IsleofMan Government. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government: Rates & Allowances 2017/2018". Gov.im. Isle of Man Government. 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government: Corporate Tax Rules". Gov.im. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Film". Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Digital Media Cluster. Strategic Directions for the Isle of Man" (PDF). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "ontheisleofman.com". Ontheisleofman.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "UK National Lottery Diary". Merseyworld.com. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Lottery FAQ:Can I play while overseas?". National-lottery.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Manx charities to benefit from lottery". BBC News. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "House of Lords - Constitution - Ninth Report". Parliament.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "About". MLT.org.im. Manx Lottery Trust. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dark Sky Discovery Sites". Darkskydiscovery.org.uk. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stargazing Sites in the Isle of Man - Isle of Man". Visitisleofman.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Carolyn Gelling to lead new stock exchange company". IOMToday. 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Phone Tariff Residential" (PDF). BT.com. BT Group.
Jump up ^ "Calling abroad from the UK". O2.com. Telefónica Europe.
Jump up ^ "Our Business". Johnston Press. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Newspapers". IOMToday. Isle of Man Newspapers. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2008.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government - Bus and Rail". Gov.im. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Steam Packet Company". Steam-packet.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Government - Isle of Man Airport". Gov.im. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Heritage Railways". Gov.im. Isle of Man Government. 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man – About the Island". Isleofman.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Driving on the Isle of Man". Isle of Man Guide. Maxima Systems. 2005. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Compulsory MOT tests in the Isle of Man". All about Isle of Man Cars. ChipManx. 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Mike (22 July 2011). "Lift-off for Isle of Man's quest to join space race". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lunar Entrepreneurs Converge on Isle of Man for Google Lunar X PRIZE Summit". GoogleLunarXPrize.com. Google. 18 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Research space stations arrive on Isle of Man". BBC News. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – United Kingdom : Manx". United Nations Human Rights Council / Minority Rights Group International. 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "UNESCO accepts Manx language is not 'extinct'". Isle of Man Government. 19 August 2009. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Rachel N. (2011). "Mind Your P's and Q's: Revisiting the Insular Celtic hypothesis through working towards an original phonetic reconstruction of Insular Celtic" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Phil. "Manx today by Phil Kelly". BBC News. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Davies, Alan (2007). An Introduction to Applied Linguistics (2nd The Manx ed.). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-3354-8.
Jump up ^ "Manx Culture". VisitIsleOfMan.com. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Arthur William, Moore (1971). The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man (Reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. p. 274. ISBN 1-60506-183-2.
Jump up ^ "Moscow Manx cheese". IOMToday. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Fiorentini, Graziella; De Miro, Ernesto; Calderone, Anna; Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria, eds. (2003). Archeologia del Mediterraneo: Studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro. L'Erma di Bretschneider. pp. 735–736. ISBN 978-88-8265-134-3.
Jump up ^ Wilson, RJA (2000). "On the Trail of the Triskeles: From the McDonald Institute to Archaic Greek Sicily". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 10 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1017/S0959774300000020.
^ Jump up to: a b Kinvig, R.H. (1975). The Isle of Man: A social, cultural and political history. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle. pp. 91–92. ISBN 0-8048-1165-2.
Jump up ^ "The Three Legs of Man". Isle-of-Man.com). Retrieved 15 September 2011. . This webpage cited: Wagner, A. R. (1959–1960). "The Origin of the Arms of Man". Manx Museum. 6. . This webpage also cited: Megaw, B. R. S. (1959–1960). "The Ship Seals of the Kings of Man". Manx Museum. 6.
Jump up ^ Island Facts – Isle of Man Public Services. Gov.im (12 July 1996). Retrieved on 29 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Moore, A. "Diocesan Histories. Sodor and Mann".
Jump up ^ A full list is given on the Diocesan Registry website.
Jump up ^ Act of Parliament (1541) 33 Hen.8 c.31
Jump up ^ See official entry in the Anglican Communion directory.
Jump up ^ Many religious organisations on the island are listed on the Isle of Man government site "Religious Faiths and Organisations" Archived 8 June 2003 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "Avalon's Location". Electricscotland.com. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ King Arthur, Norma Lorre Goodrich, Harper and Row, 1989, p. 318
Jump up ^ "Manx witchcraft and sorcery probed by academic - Isle of Man Today". Iomtoday.co.im. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Trad music in the Isle of Man". Ceolas.org. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
Jump up ^ isleofman.com. "Attractions :: isleofman.com". Isleofman.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ American Motorcyclist. American Motorcyclist Association. November 1971. p. 22. ISSN 0277-9358. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ann (30 May 2009). "Scallops the main ingredient of unique gathering for foodies; SUN, sea, sand and shellfish". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Coventry Newspapers. Retrieved 12 September 2011 – via TheFreeLibrary.com.
Jump up ^ Kallaway, Jane. "Award winning organic lamb". Langley Chase Organic Farm. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Purely Isle of Man" (PDF). Isle of Man Department of Finance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Isle of Man Oak Smoked Mature Cheddar Wins Bronze Medal at The British Cheese Awards 2010". Isle News. 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bumper Sales for Manx Cheese". IOMToday. 15 October 2003. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Success at World Cheese Awards". IsleOfMan.com. 22 March 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "PC Black Label English Isle of Man Extra Old Cheddar Cheese". Provigo. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Purely Isle of Man" (PDF). Gov.im. Isle of Man Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Wright, David. 100 Years of the Isle of Man TT: A Century of Motorcycle Racing. The Crowood Press, 2007
Jump up ^ Disko, Sasha. The Image of the "Tourist Trophy" and British Motorcycling in the Weimar Republic. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, Nov 2007
Jump up ^ Vaukins, Simon. The Isle of Man TT Races: Politics, Economics and National Identity. International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, Nov 2007
Jump up ^ Faragher, Martin. "Cultural History: Motor-Cycle Road Racing." A New History of the Isle of Man Volume V: The Modern Period 1830–1999. Ed. John Belchem. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000
Jump up ^ "2009 Manx Grand Prix", page 4 (archived link)
Jump up ^ "The Game of Cammag". Celticlife.ca. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Broadway Cinema". Gov.im. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cinemas Refurbishment". Iomtoday.co.im. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Commings, Karen (1999). Manx Cats: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Grooming, and Behavior. Barron's Educational. pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-0764107535.
Jump up ^ "Farming the Manx Loaghtan sheep", BBC Isle of Man/Ellan Vannin, 16 November 2009, accessed 21 February 2017
Jump up ^ "Wallabies flourishing in the wild on Isle of Man". The Guardian. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Tynwald Hansard 16 January 2018, Question 9
Jump up ^ Morris, Hugh. "Isle of Man awarded UNESCO status". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
Bibliography[edit]
Moore, Arthur William (1903). Manx Names (Revised Cheap ed.). London: Elliot Stock (published 1906) – via Google Books.
Sacheverell, William (1859). Cumming, Joseph George, ed. An Account of the Isle of Man. Douglas: The Manx Society – via Google Books.
Waldron, George (1726). Harrison, William, ed. A Description of the Isle of Man. Douglas: The Manx Society (published 1865) – via Google Books.
Further reading[edit]
Russel, G. (1988). "Distribution and development of some Manx epiphyte populations". Helgolander Meeresunters. 42 (42): 477–492. Bibcode:1988HM.....42..477R. doi:10.1007/BF02365622.
Goodwin, Sarah (2011). A Brief History of the Isle of Man. Surrey: Loaghtan Books. ISBN 978-1-908060-00-6.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Isle of Man.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isle of Man.
Geographic data related to Isle of Man at OpenStreetMap
The oldest surviving horse drawn tramway operating in Douglas on the Isle of Man
CIA World Factbook – Listing for the Isle of Man
Isle of Man News
Isle of Man (European Union) passport description in PRADO
Manx Government A comprehensive site covering many aspects of Manx life from fishing to financial regulation
Isle of Man Airport
Information on the work and duties of Members of the House of Keys
Images of the Isle of Man at the English Heritage Archive
[show]
v
t
e
Isle of Man
List of places in the Isle of Man
Towns
Castletown
Douglas (capital)
Peel
Ramsey
Villages
Andreas
Ballabeg
Ballasalla
Ballaugh
Ballure
Barregarrow
Braaid
Colby
Cregneash
Crosby
Dalby
Derbyhaven
Foxdale
Glen Maye
Glen Vine
Laxey
Niarbyl
Newtown
Onchan
Port Soderick
Port St Mary
Port Erin
Ronague
St John's
Strang
Sulby
Tromode
Union Mills
Sheadings
Ayre
Glenfaba
Garff
Michael
Middle
Rushen
Parishes
Andreas
Arbory
Ballaugh
Braddan
Bride
German
Jurby
Lezayre
Lonan
Malew
Marown
Maughold
Michael
Onchan
Patrick
Rushen
Santon
Transport
Airport
Sea Terminal
Heraldry
Flag
Coat of arms
Education
Schools
see template
University College Isle of Man
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
Geographic locale
Lat. and Long. 54°09′N 4°29′W / 54.150°N 4.483°W / 54.150; -4.483 (Douglas)
[show]
International membership
[hide]
v
t
e
British Isles
Terminology
Alba
Albion
Prydain
Britain
Éire
Hibernia
Naming dispute
Politics
Sovereign states
Ireland
United Kingdom (England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales)
Crown dependencies
Guernsey
Jersey
Isle of Man
Sark
Political cooperation
Ireland–United Kingdom relations
British–Irish Council
British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference
British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly
Common Travel Area
Geography
Island groups
Channel Islands
Islands of the Clyde
Great Britain
Hebrides
Inner
Outer
Ireland
Isle of Man
Northern Isles
Orkney
Shetland
Isles of Scilly
Lists of islands of
Bailiwick of Guernsey
Ireland
Bailiwick of Jersey
Isle of Man
United Kingdom
England
Scotland
Wales
History
Island groups
Ireland
Current states
Ireland
United Kingdom
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Guernsey
Jersey
Isle of Man
Former states
Irish Free State
Kingdom of England
Principality of Wales
Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Scotland
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Society
Modern languages
Germanic
English
Scots
Celtic
Cornish
Scottish Gaelic
Irish
Manx
Welsh
Romance
Auregnais
French
Guernésiais
Jèrriais
Sercquiais
Other
British Sign Language
Irish Sign Language
Northern Ireland Sign Language
Shelta
People
British
Cornish
English
English Gypsies
Irish
Irish Travellers
Kale
Manx
Northern Irish
Scottish
Ulster-Scots
Welsh
[show]
v
t
e
Pan-Celticism
Nations
Celtic League definition
Brittany
Cornwall
Ireland
Isle of Man
Scotland
Wales
Other claimants
Asturias
Galicia
Y Wladfa

Nationalisms
Breton nationalism (history)
Cornish nationalism
Welsh nationalism
Scottish nationalism
Irish nationalism (incl. Republicanism)
Manx nationalism
Pan-Celtic groups
Celtic Congress
Celtic League
Columba Project
Languages
Brythonic (Breton, Cornish & Welsh)
Goidelic (Irish, Manx & Scottish Gaelic)
Mixed (Shelta & Bungee)
Peoples
Britons (Bretons, Cornish & Welsh)
Gaels (Irish incl. Irish Travellers, Manx & Highland Scots incl. Scottish Travellers)
Culture
Brittany
Cornwall
Ireland
Isle of Man
Scotland
Wales
Celtic art
Music
Brittany
Cornwall
Ireland
Isle of Man
Scotland
Wales
Festivals
Festival Interceltique de Lorient
Pan Celtic Festival
Hebridean Celtic Festival
Celtic Connections
Celtic Media Festival
Sport
Bando
Bataireacht
Camogie
Cammag
Cnapan
Cornish hurling
Cornish wrestling
Curling
Gaelic football (Ladies')
Gaelic handball
Gouren
Rounders
Highland games
Hurling
Road bowls
Shinty
Celts portal
Media
Category
Templates
WikiProject
[show]
v
t
e
Countries, territories and dependencies of the United Kingdom
Constituent countries
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Overseas territories
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1
Anguilla
Bermuda
British Antarctic Territory2
British Indian Ocean Territory
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Falkland Islands
Gibraltar
Montserrat
Pitcairn Islands
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands
Crown dependencies
Bailiwick of Guernsey
Guernsey
Alderney
Sark
Isle of Man
Jersey
Former colonies
List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom
1 Sovereign Base Areas. 2 Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the Antarctic Treaty.
[show]
v
t
e
English-speaking world
Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region
[show]
Further links
Articles
English-speaking world
History of the English language
British Empire
English in the Commonwealth of Nations
Anglosphere
Lists
List of countries by English-speaking population
List of countries where English is an official language
Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority
Africa
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Americas
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
The Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Canada
Cayman Islands
Dominica
Falkland Islands
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
Montserrat
Saba
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Sint Eustatius
Sint Maarten
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands
United States
United States Virgin Islands
Europe
Guernsey
Ireland
Isle of Man
Jersey
United Kingdom
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Norfolk Island
Pitcairn Islands
Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language
Africa
Botswana
Cameroon
The Gambia
Ghana
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Mauritius
Namibia
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Somaliland
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Americas
Puerto Rico
Asia
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
India
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Europe
Gibraltar
Malta
Oceania
American Samoa
Cook Islands
Fiji
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Dependencies shown in italics.
Coordinates: 54°15′N 04°30′W / 54.250°N 4.500°W / 54.250; -4.500
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 135006697
LCCN: n80106871
GND: 4027756-2
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isle_of_Man&oldid=828896491"
Categories:
Isle of Man
Islands of the Isle of Man
British Islands
British Isles
Celtic nations
Crown dependencies
English-speaking countries and territories
Former Norwegian colonies
Island countries
Special territories of the European Union
Hidden categories:
Articles with inconsistent citation formats
Articles containing Old Irish-language text
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from January 2018
Articles with permanently dead external links
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use British English from July 2015
Use dmy dates from September 2017
Articles containing Manx-language text
Articles containing Latin-language text
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017
Articles containing Old Welsh-language text
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
Articles containing Icelandic-language text
Articles containing Welsh-language text
Articles containing Breton-language text
Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text
Citation overkill
Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from October 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikinews
Wikivoyage
Languages
Acèh
Afrikaans
አማርኛ
Ænglisc
العربية
Aragonés
Arpetan
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
भोजपुरी
Български
Boarisch
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Davvisámegiella
Deutsch
ދިވެހިބަސް
Dolnoserbski
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Estremeñu
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Gàidhlig
Galego
Хальмг
한국어
Hausa
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Ido
বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Ирон
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Kernowek
Kinyarwanda
Kiswahili
Кыргызча
لۊری شومالی
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Ligure
Limburgs
Lingála
Lumbaart
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
Māori
मराठी
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
日本語
Nordfriisk
Norfuk / Pitkern
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Novial
Occitan
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Piemontèis
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Sardu
Scots
Seeltersk
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
文言
Winaray
吴语
Yorùbá
粵語
Zazaki
Zeêuws
中文
120 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 March 2018, at 12:02.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: span

attrs: lang xml:lang

values: gv gv

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg
image
Flag of Isle of Man

values: display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;

values: display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;

values:
/wiki/Latin_language
mw-redirect
Latin language

values:
/wiki/O_Land_of_Our_Birth
mw-redirect
O Land of Our Birth

values: Location of the  Isle of Man  (red)in the British Isles, Western Europe

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: List of countries and dependencies by area

values: List of countries and territories by population density

values: What is this is pounds sterling? US dollars don't make much sense here. (November 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

values: List of countries by Human Development Index

values:
/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic
mw-redirect
Right- and left-hand traffic

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values: Information and communications technology

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway
mw-redirect
Kingdom of Norway

values: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

values:
/wiki/Legislative_body
mw-redirect
Legislative body

values: Walter de Huntercombe, 1st Baron Huntercombe

values: This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (October 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: background: #FF5600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #91FF91; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #BCBC38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;

values:
/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Keys
mw-redirect
Member of the House of Keys

values: Edit section: External relations and security

values:
/wiki/British_law
mw-redirect
British law

values:
/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)
mw-redirect
Territorial Army (United Kingdom)

values:
/wiki/Manx_Fencible_Corps
mw-redirect
Manx Fencible Corps

values:
/wiki/American_War_of_Independence
mw-redirect
American War of Independence

values:
/wiki/Manx_passport
mw-redirect
Manx passport

values: United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016

values:
/wiki/EU%27s_customs_area
mw-redirect
EU's customs area

values:
/wiki/Government_of_the_Isle_of_Man
mw-redirect
Government of the Isle of Man

values: List of political parties in the Isle of Man

values:
/wiki/Kirk_Michael
mw-redirect
Kirk Michael

values: Department of Health and Social Care (Isle of Man)

values:
/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product
mw-redirect
Gross Domestic Product

values:
/wiki/The_National_Lottery_Awards
mw-redirect
The National Lottery Awards

values:
/wiki/Communications_on_the_Isle_of_Man
mw-redirect
Communications on the Isle of Man

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)

values: Manx Computer Bureau (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Digital_terrestrial
mw-redirect
Digital terrestrial

values:
/wiki/Granada_Television
mw-redirect
Granada Television

values:
/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)
mw-redirect
Sky (UK & Ireland)

values:
/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Post
mw-redirect
Isle of Man Post

values:
/wiki/Isle_Of_Man_Railway
mw-redirect
Isle Of Man Railway

values:
/wiki/Revestment_(Isle_of_Man)
mw-redirect
Revestment (Isle of Man)

values:
/wiki/Autochthonous_language
mw-redirect
Autochthonous language

values: European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

values:
/wiki/Currency_of_the_Isle_of_Man
mw-redirect
Currency of the Isle of Man

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Liverpool
mw-redirect
Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodox

values:
/wiki/Salvation_Army
mw-redirect
Salvation Army

values: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Isle of Man

values: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

values:
/wiki/United_Reformed
mw-redirect
United Reformed

values:
/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hruinnaght
mw-redirect
Yn Çhruinnaght

values:
/wiki/French_fried_potatoes
mw-redirect
French fried potatoes

values:
/wiki/Queen_Scallop
mw-redirect
Queen Scallop

values:
/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Course
mw-redirect
Snaefell Mountain Course

values:
/wiki/Towns_in_the_Isle_of_Man
mw-redirect
Towns in the Isle of Man

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
external text
http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/89242

values:
nofollow
https://www.gov.im/census/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.gov.im/dha/police/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.mecvannin.im/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.positiveactiongroup.org/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.gov.im/education/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.whereyoucan.com/sectors

values:
nofollow
https://www.isleofmanfilm.com/about/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10361512

values:
nofollow
http://www.mlt.org.im/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.isleofman.com/tourism/about/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.visitisleofman.com/culture/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gumbley.net/diocese.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0277-9358

values:
nofollow
http://www.langleychase.co.uk/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02365622

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.douglashorsetramway.net

values: Public Register of Travel and Identity Documents Online

values:
nofollow
http://www.gov.im/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.gov.im/transport/airport/
external text

values:
/wiki/English_Heritage_Archive
mw-redirect
English Heritage Archive

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg
image
Flag of the Isle of Man

values:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Arbory_(parish)
mw-redirect
Arbory (parish)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
row
navbox-group
width:11.0em;font-weight: normal;

values: List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey

values: List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;font-weight: normal;

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible uncollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton6
#
color: rgb(255, 215, 0);

values:
/wiki/File:Banniel_Keltia.svg
image
Pan-Celtic Flag

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Manx_nationalism
mw-redirect
Manx nationalism

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language
mw-redirect
Scottish Gaelic language

values:
/wiki/Mixed_languages
mw-redirect
Mixed languages

values:
/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)
mw-redirect
Britons (Celtic people)

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Travellers
mw-redirect
Scottish Travellers

values:
/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland
mw-redirect
Folk music of Ireland

values: navigation navbox Pan-Celticism padding:3px

values: Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations

values: Template talk:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations

values: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

values: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

values: Template:English official language clickable map

values: Template talk:English official language clickable map

values: /wiki/Mauritius#Language circle 357,205,16 Mauritius#Language Mauritius#Language

values: /wiki/Rwanda#Demographics poly 299,161,307,166,303,171,296,168 Rwanda#Demographics Rwanda#Demographics

values: /wiki/Palau#Demographics circle 494,151,7 Palau#Demographics Palau#Demographics

values: Federated States of Micronesia#Languages

values: Demographics of the Cayman Islands#Languages

values: Demographics of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

values: English of the Windward Islands and Leeward Islands

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap

values:
/wiki/History_of_the_English_language
mw-redirect
History of the English language

values: List of countries by English-speaking population

values: List of countries where English is an official language

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/135006697

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027756-2

values: Category:English-speaking countries and territories

values: Category:Special territories of the European Union

values: Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats

values: Category:Articles containing Old Irish-language text

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2018

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Use British English from July 2015

values: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2017

values: Category:Articles containing Manx-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Latin-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017

values: Category:Articles containing Old Welsh-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Icelandic-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Welsh-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Breton-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text

values: Category:Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from October 2017

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Isle_of_Man
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man
Pulo Man – Achinese
ace
ace
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ace
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: አይል ኦፍ ማን – Amharic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values: جزيرة مان – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ar
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: আইল অব ম্যান – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Мэн Утрауы – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Востраў Мэн – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Мэн (востраў) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: आइल्स ऑफ मैन – Bhojpuri

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manav
Manav – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Мэн утравĕ – Chuvash

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannin
Mannin – Northern Sami
se
se
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-se
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values: އައިޒަލް އޮފް މޭން – Divehi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dv
display: none;

values:
https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Lower Sorbian
dsb
dsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Νήσος του Μαν – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-es
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Extremaduran
ext
ext
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ext
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: جزیره من – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann
Mann – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannin
Mannin – Manx
gv
gv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: Мэнин Арл – Kalmyk

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xal
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Hausa
ha
ha
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ha
display: none;

values: Մեն կղզի – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: आइल ऑफ़ मैन – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hi
display: none;

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otok_Man
Otok Man – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values: আইসল অফ ম্যান – Bishnupriya

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Man
Pulau Man – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-id
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ia
display: none;

values: Мэн (сакъадах) – Ossetic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-os
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: האי מאן – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man
Pulo Man – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Мэн аралы – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values: Мэн аралы – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lrc
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monapia
Monapia – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meno_sala
Meno sala – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ln
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: ഐൽ ഒഫ് മാൻ – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mi
display: none;

values: आईल ऑफ मान – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Man
Pulau Man – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pih
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nov
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values: ਮੈਨ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_Man
Wyspa Man – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Остров Мэн – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ru
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sc
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-stq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
Man – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Острво Мен – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulo_Man
Pulo Man – Sundanese
su
su
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansaari
Mansaari – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: மாண் தீவு – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: Мэн утравы – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: ไอล์ออฟแมน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Острів Мен – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: جزیرہ مان – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ur
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zea
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Isle_of_Man rootpage-Isle_of_Man skin-vector action-view