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QuickTime
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For the gameplay mechanic in video games, see Quick time event.
QuickTime
QuickTime Player 7.6.6 playing Big Buck Bunny running on Microsoft Windows
Developer(s)
Apple Inc.
Initial release
December 2, 1991; 26 years ago (1991-12-02)
Last release
7.7.9 (January 7, 2016; 2 years ago (2016-01-07)) [±][1][2]
Preview release
None [±]
Written in
C, Objective-C (through Cocoa API)
Operating system
Windows,
Classic Mac OS, macOS
Type
Multimedia framework
License
Freemium
Website
support.apple.com/quicktime
QuickTime X
QuickTime X 10.4 playing Big Buck Bunny running on OS X Yosemite
Developer(s)
Apple Inc.
Initial release
August 28, 2009; 9 years ago (2009-08-28)
Stable release
10.5 (August 31, 2018; 60 days ago (2018-08-31)) [±]
Operating system
Mac OS X Snow Leopard or later
Website
apple.com/macosx/apps/all.html#quicktime
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QuickTime is an extensible multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc., capable of handling various formats of digital video, picture, sound, panoramic images, and interactivity. First made in 1991, the latest Mac version, QuickTime X, is currently available on Mac OS X Snow Leopard and newer. Apple ceased support for the Windows version of QuickTime in 2016.[3]
As of Mac OS X Lion, the underlying media framework for QuickTime, QTKit, is deprecated in favor of a newer graphics framework, AV Foundation.[4] In iOS, the video player on the Internet was QuickTime-based, used to play videos on the internet.
Contents
1 Overview
1.1 QuickTime Pro
2 QuickTime framework
3 PictureViewer
4 File formats
4.1 QuickTime and MPEG-4
4.1.1 Profile support
4.1.2 Container benefits
5 History
5.1 QuickTime 1.x
5.2 QuickTime 2.x
5.3 Lawsuit against San Francisco Canyon
5.4 QuickTime 3.x
5.4.1 QuickTime interactive
5.5 QuickTime 4.x
5.6 QuickTime 5.x
5.7 QuickTime 6.x
5.8 QuickTime 7.x
5.9 QuickTime X (QuickTime Player v10.x)
5.10 Platform support
6 Creating software that uses QuickTime
6.1 QuickTime X
6.2 Previous versions
7 Bugs and vulnerabilities
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Overview[edit]
QuickTime is bundled with macOS. QuickTime for Microsoft Windows is downloadable as a standalone installation, and was bundled with Apple's iTunes prior to iTunes 10.5, but is no longer supported and therefore security vulnerabilities will no longer be patched.[3]
Software development kits (SDK) for QuickTime are available to the public with an Apple Developer Connection (ADC) subscription.
It is available free of charge for both macOS and Windows operating systems. There are some other free player applications that rely on the QuickTime framework, providing features not available in the basic QuickTime Player. For example, iTunes can export audio in WAV, AIFF, MP3, AAC, and Apple Lossless. In addition, macOS has a simple AppleScript that can be used to play a movie in full-screen mode,[5] but since version 7.2 full-screen viewing is now supported in the non-Pro version.[6]
QuickTime Pro[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
QuickTime Player 7 is limited to only basic playback operations unless a QuickTime Pro license key is purchased from Apple. Until recently, Apple's professional applications (e.g. Final Cut Studio, Logic Studio) included a QuickTime Pro license. Pro keys are specific to the major version of QuickTime for which they are purchased and unlock additional features of the QuickTime Player application on macOS or Windows.[7] The Pro key does not require any additional downloads; entering the registration code immediately unlocks the hidden features.
QuickTime 7 is still available for download from Apple, but as of mid 2016, Apple stopped selling registration keys for the Pro version.
Features enabled by the Pro license include, but are not limited to:
Editing clips through the cut, copy and paste functions, merging separate audio and video tracks, and freely placing the video tracks on a virtual canvas with the options of cropping and rotation.
Saving and exporting (encoding) to any of the codecs supported by QuickTime. QuickTime 7 includes presets for exporting video to a video-capable iPod, Apple TV, and the iPhone.
Saving existing QuickTime movies from the web directly to a hard disk drive. This is often, but not always, either hidden or intentionally blocked in the standard mode. Two options exist for saving movies from a web browser:
Save as source – This option will save the embedded video in its original format. (I.e. not limited to .mov files.)
Save as QuickTime movie – This option will save the embedded video in a .mov file format no matter what the original container is/was.
Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes QuickTime X. QuickTime Player X lacks cut, copy and paste and will only export to four formats, but its limited export feature is free. Users do not have an option to upgrade to a Pro version of QuickTime X, but those who have already purchased QuickTime 7 Pro and are upgrading to Snow Leopard from a previous version of Mac OS X will have QuickTime 7 stored in the Utilities or user defined folder. Otherwise, users will have to install QuickTime 7 from the "Optional Installs" directory of the Snow Leopard DVD after installing the OS.
Mac OS X Lion and later also include QuickTime X. No installer for QuickTime 7 is included with these software packages, but users can download the QuickTime 7 installer from the Apple support site. QuickTime X on later versions of macOS support cut, copy and paste functions similarly to the way QuickTime 7 Pro did; the interface has been significantly modified to simplify these operations, however. The downloadable version of QuickTime 7 is also still supported.
QuickTime framework[edit]
The QuickTime framework provides the following:
Encoding and transcoding video and audio from one format to another. Command-line utilities afconvert (to convert audio formats), avconvert (to convert video formats) and qtmodernizer (to automatically convert older formats to H.264/AAC) are provided with macOS for power users.
Decoding video and audio, then sending the decoded stream to the graphics or audio subsystem for playback. In macOS, QuickTime sends video playback to the Quartz Extreme (OpenGL) Compositor.[8]
A "component" plug-in architecture for supporting additional 3rd-party codecs (such as DivX).
As of early 2008, the framework hides many older codecs listed below[where?] from the user although the option to "Show legacy encoders" exists in QuickTime Preferences to use them.[9] The framework supports the following file types and codecs natively:[10]
Audio
Video
Picture
A-law
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
AMR Narrowband
Apple Lossless
Au file format
Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF)
Core Audio Format
FLAC (since macOS 10.13)
MACE
Microsoft Adaptive DPCM (MS ADPCM)
MIDI
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3)
Pulse-code modulation (PCM)
QCELP (Qualcomm PureVoice)
QDesign
Waveform Audio File Format (WAV)
μ-law
Animated GIF
Animation (FLI, FLC)
Apple ProRes
Apple Video (MOV, QT)
Audio Video Interleave (AVI)
Cinepak
Component Video
DV
3GP and 3G2
Graphics
H.261
H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2[11]
H.263
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
H.265/HEVC (since macOS 10.13)
Microsoft Video 1
Motion JPEG
MPEG-1
MPEG-4 Part 2
Pixlet
Planar RGB
Qtch
QuickTime Movie
QuickTime VR
Sorenson Video
BMP
FlashPix
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
JPEG
JPEG 2000
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
TIFF
Truevision TGA
TXT[clarification needed][citation needed]
PictureViewer[edit]
PictureViewer is a component of QuickTime for Microsoft Windows and the Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9 operating systems. It is used to view picture files from the still image formats that QuickTime supports. In macOS, it is replaced by Preview.[12][13]
As of version 7.7.9, the Windows version requires one to go to their "Windows Uninstall Or Change A Program" screen to "modify" their installation of QuickTime 7 to include the "Legacy QuickTime Feature" of "QuickTime PictureViewer".
File formats[edit]
Main article: QuickTime File Format
The native file format for QuickTime video, QuickTime File Format, specifies a multimedia container file that contains one or more tracks, each of which stores a particular type of data: audio, video, effects, or text (e.g. for subtitles). Each track either contains a digitally encoded media stream (using a specific format) or a data reference to the media stream located in another file. The ability to contain abstract data references for the media data, and the separation of the media data from the media offsets and the track edit lists means that QuickTime is particularly suited for editing, as it is capable of importing and editing in place (without data copying).
Other file formats that QuickTime supports natively (to varying degrees) include AIFF, WAV, DV-DIF, MP3, and MPEG program stream. With additional QuickTime Components, it can also support ASF, DivX Media Format, Flash Video, Matroska, Ogg, and many others.
QuickTime and MPEG-4[edit]
On February 11, 1998, the ISO approved the QuickTime file format as the basis of the MPEG‑4 file format.[citation needed] The MPEG-4 file format specification was created on the basis of the QuickTime format specification published in 2001.[14] The MP4 (.mp4) file format was published in 2001 as the revision of the MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems specification published in 1999 (ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001).[15][16][17] In 2003, the first version of MP4 format was revised and replaced by MPEG-4 Part 14: MP4 file format (ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003).[18] The MP4 file format was generalized into the ISO Base Media File Format ISO/IEC 14496-12:2004, which defines a general structure for time-based media files. It in turn is used as the basis for other multimedia file formats (for example 3GP, Motion JPEG 2000).[19][20][21][22][23] A list of all registered extensions for ISO Base Media File Format is published on the official registration authority website www.mp4ra.org. This registration authority for code-points in "MP4 Family" files is Apple Computer Inc. and it is named in Annex D (informative) in MPEG-4 Part 12.[22]
By 2000, MPEG-4 formats became industry standards, first appearing with support in QuickTime 6 in 2002. Accordingly, the MPEG-4 container is designed to capture, edit, archive, and distribute media, unlike the simple file-as-stream approach of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2.[24]
Profile support[edit]
QuickTime 6 added limited support for MPEG-4; specifically encoding and decoding using Simple Profile (SP). Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) features, like B-frames, were unsupported (in contrast with, for example, encoders such as XviD or 3ivx). QuickTime 7 supports the H.264 encoder and decoder.[25]
Container benefits[edit]
Because both MOV and MP4 containers can use the same MPEG-4 codecs, they are mostly interchangeable in a QuickTime-only environment. MP4, being an international standard, has more support. This is especially true on hardware devices, such as the Sony PSP and various DVD players; on the software side, most DirectShow / Video for Windows codec packs[26][27] include a MP4 parser, but not one for MOV.
In QuickTime Pro's MPEG-4 Export dialog, an option called "Passthrough" allows a clean export to MP4 without affecting the audio or video streams. QuickTime 7 now supports multi-channel AAC-LC and HE-AAC audio (used, for example, in the high-definition trailers on Apple's site[28]), for both .MOV and .MP4 containers.
History[edit]
Apple released the first version of QuickTime on December 2, 1991 as a multimedia add-on for System 6 and later. The lead developer of QuickTime, Bruce Leak, ran the first public demonstration at the May 1991 Worldwide Developers Conference, where he played Apple's famous 1984 advertisement in a window at 320×240 pixels resolution.
QuickTime 1.x[edit]
The original video codecs included:
the Animation codec, which used run-length encoding and better suited cartoon-type images with large areas of flat color
the Apple Video codec (also known as "Road Pizza"), suited to normal live-action video.[29]
the Graphics codec, for 8-bit images, including ones that had undergone dithering
The first commercial project produced using QuickTime 1.0 was the CD-ROM From Alice to Ocean. The first publicly visible use of QuickTime was Ben & Jerry's interactive factory tour (dubbed The Rik & Joe Show after its in-house developers). The Rik and Joe Show was demonstrated onstage at MacWorld in San Francisco when John Sculley announced QuickTime.[30]
Apple released QuickTime 1.5 for Mac OS in the latter part of 1992. This added the SuperMac-developed Cinepak vector-quantization video codec (initially known as Compact Video). It could play video at 320×240 resolution at 30 frames per second on a 25 MHz Motorola 68040 CPU. It also added text tracks, which allowed for captioning, lyrics and other potential uses.
Apple contracted San Francisco Canyon Company to port QuickTime to the Windows platform.[31] Version 1.0 of QuickTime for Windows provided only a subset of the full QuickTime API, including only movie playback functions driven through the standard movie controller.
QuickTime 1.6 came out the following year. Version 1.6.2 first incorporated the "QuickTime PowerPlug" which replaced some components with PowerPC-native code when running on PowerPC Macs.
QuickTime 2.x[edit]
Quicktime logo for versions 2.x and 3.x, from 1994 until 1999
Apple released QuickTime 2.0 for System Software 7 in February 1994—the only version never released for free. It added support for music tracks, which contained the equivalent of MIDI data and which could drive a sound-synthesis engine built into QuickTime itself (using a limited set of instrument sounds licensed from Roland), or any external MIDI-compatible hardware, thereby producing sounds using only small amounts of movie data.
Following Bruce Leak's departure to Web TV, the leadership of the QuickTime team was taken over by Peter Hoddie.
QuickTime 2.0 for Windows appeared in November 1994 under the leadership of Paul Charlton. As part of the development effort for cross-platform QuickTime, Charlton (as architect and technical lead), along with ace individual contributor Michael Kellner and a small highly effective team including Keith Gurganus, ported a subset of the Macintosh Toolbox to Intel and other platforms (notably, MIPS and SGI Unix variants) as the enabling infrastructure for the QuickTime Media Layer (QTML) which was first demonstrated at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in May 1996. The QTML later became the foundation for the Carbon API which allowed legacy Macintosh applications to run on the Darwin kernel in Mac OS X.[citation needed]
The next versions, 2.1 and 2.5, reverted to the previous model of giving QuickTime away for free. They improved the music support and added sprite tracks which allowed the creation of complex animations with the addition of little more than the static sprite images to the size of the movie. QuickTime 2.5 also fully integrated QuickTime VR 2.0.1 into QuickTime as a QuickTime extension. On January 16, 1997, Apple released the QuickTime MPEG Extension (PPC only) as an add-on to QuickTime 2.5, which added software MPEG-1 playback capabilities to QuickTime.
Lawsuit against San Francisco Canyon[edit]
In 1994, Apple filed suit against software developer San Francisco Canyon for intellectual property infringement and breach of contract.[32] Apple alleged that San Francisco Canyon had helped develop Video for Windows using several hundred lines of unlicensed QuickTime source code, which was subsequently unilaterally removed.[31] Microsoft and Intel were added to the lawsuit in 1995. The suit ended in a settlement in 1997.
QuickTime 3.x[edit]
The release of QuickTime 3.0 for Mac OS on March 30, 1998 introduced the now-standard revenue model of releasing the software for free, but with additional features of the Apple-provided MoviePlayer application that end-users could only unlock by buying a QuickTime Pro license code. Since the "Pro" features were the same as the existing features in QuickTime 2.5, any previous user of QuickTime could continue to use an older version of the central MoviePlayer application for the remaining lifespan of Mac OS to 2002; indeed, since these additional features were limited to MoviePlayer, any other QuickTime-compatible application remained unaffected.
QuickTime 3.0 added support for graphics importer components that could read images from GIF, JPEG, TIFF and other file formats, and video output components which served primarily to export movie data via FireWire. Apple also licensed several third-party technologies for inclusion in QuickTime 3.0, including the Sorenson Video codec for advanced video compression, the QDesign Music codec for substantial audio compression, and the complete Roland Sound Canvas instrument set and GS Format extensions for improved playback of MIDI music files. It also added video effects which programmers could apply in real-time to video tracks. Some of these effects would even respond to mouse clicks by the user, as part of the new movie interaction support (known as wired movies).
QuickTime interactive[edit]
During the development cycle for QuickTime 3.0, part of the engineering team was working on a more advanced version of QuickTime to be known as QuickTime interactive or QTi. Although similar in concept to the wired movies feature released as part of QuickTime 3.0, QuickTime interactive was much more ambitious. It allowed any QuickTime movie to be a fully interactive and programmable container for media. A special track type was added that contained an interpreter for a custom programming language based on 68000 assembly language. This supported a comprehensive user interaction model for mouse and keyboard event handling based in part on the AML language from the Apple Media Tool.
The QuickTime interactive movie was to have been the playback format for the next generation of HyperCard authoring tool. Both the QuickTime interactive and the HyperCard 3.0 projects were canceled in order to concentrate engineering resources on streaming support for QuickTime 4.0, and the projects were never released to the public.
QuickTime 4.x[edit]
Apple released QuickTime 4.0 on June 8, 1999[33] for Mac OS 7.5.5 through 8.6 (later Mac OS 9) and Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT. Three minor updates (versions 4.0.1, 4.0.2, and 4.0.3) followed.[34] It introduced features that most users now consider basic:[35]
Graphics exporter components, which could write some of the same formats that the previously introduced importers could read. (GIF support was omitted, possibly because of the LZW patent.)
Support for the QDesign Music 2 and MPEG-1 Layer 3 audio (MP3).
QuickTime 4 was the first version to support streaming. It was accompanied by the release of the free QuickTime Streaming Server version 1.0.
QuickTime 4 Player introduced brushed metal to the Macintosh user interface.
On December 17, 1999, Apple provided QuickTime 4.1, this version's first major update.[33] Two minor versions (4.1.1 and 4.1.2) followed.[36] The most notable improvements in the 4.1.x family were:[37]
Support for files larger than 2.0 GB in Mac OS 9. (This is a consequence of Mac OS 9 requiring the HFS Plus filesystem.[citation needed])
Variable bit rate (VBR) support for MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) audio.
Support for Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL).
Introduction of AppleScript support in Mac OS.
The requirement of a PowerPC processor for Mac OS systems. QuickTime 4.1 dropped support for Motorola 68k Macintosh systems.
QuickTime 5.x[edit]
QuickTime 5 was one of the shortest-lived versions of QuickTime, released in April 2001 and superseded by QuickTime 6 a little over a year later. This version was the last to have greater capabilities under Mac OS 9 than under Mac OS X, and the last version of QuickTime to support Mac OS versions 7.5.5 through 8.5.1 on a PowerPC Mac and Windows 95. Version 5.0 was initially only released for Mac OS and Mac OS X on April 14, 2001, and version 5.0.1 followed shortly thereafter on April 23, 2001, supporting the classic Mac OS, Mac OS X, and Windows.[38] Three more updates to QuickTime 5 (versions 5.0.2, 5.0.4, and 5.0.5) were released over its short lifespan.
QuickTime 5 delivered the following enhancements:[39]
MPEG-1 playback for Windows, and updated MPEG-1 Layer 3 audio support for all systems.
Sorenson Video 3 playback and export[40] (added with the 5.0.2 update).[41]
Realtime rendering of effects & transitions in DV files, including enhancements to DV rendering, multiprocessor support, and Altivec enhancements for PowerPC G4 systems.
Flash 4 playback and export.
A new QuickTime VR engine, adding support for cubic VR panoramas.
QuickTime 6.x[edit]
On July 15, 2002, Apple released QuickTime 6.0, providing the following features:[42]
MPEG-4 playback, import, and export, including MPEG-4 Part 2 video and AAC Audio.
Support for Flash 5, JPEG 2000, and improved Exif handling.
Instant-on streaming playback.
MPEG-2 playback (via the purchase of Apple's MPEG-2 Playback Component).
Scriptable ActiveX control.
QuickTime 6 was initially available for Mac OS 8.6 – 9.x, Mac OS X (10.1.5 minimum), and Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP. Development of QuickTime 6 for Mac OS slowed considerably in early 2003, after the release of Mac OS X v10.2 in August 2002. QuickTime 6 for Mac OS continued on the 6.0.x path, eventually stopping with version 6.0.3.[43]
QuickTime 6.1 & 6.1.1 for Mac OS X v10.1 and Mac OS X v10.2 (released October 22, 2002)[44] and QuickTime 6.1 for Windows (released March 31, 2003)[45] offered ISO-Compliant MPEG-4 file creation and fixed the CAN-2003-0168 vulnerability.
Apple released QuickTime 6.2 exclusively for Mac OS X on April 29, 2003 to provide support for iTunes 4, which allowed AAC encoding for songs in the iTunes library.[46] (iTunes was not available for Windows until October 2003.)
On June 3, 2003, Apple released QuickTime 6.3, delivering the following:[47]
Support for 3GPP, including 3G Text, video, and audio (AAC and AMR codecs).
Support for the .3gp, .amr, and .sdv file formats via separate component.
QuickTime 6.4, released on October 16, 2003 for Mac OS X v10.2, Mac OS X v10.3, and Windows, added the following:[48]
Addition of the Apple Pixlet codec (only for Mac OS X v10.3 and later).
ColorSync support.
Integrated 3GPP.
On December 18, 2003, Apple released QuickTime 6.5, supporting the same systems as version 6.4. Versions 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 followed on April 28, 2004 and October 27, 2004. These versions would be the last to support Windows 98 and Me. The 6.5 family added the following features:[49]
3GPP2 and AMC mobile multimedia formats.
QCELP voice code.
Apple Lossless (in version 6.5.1[50][51]).
QuickTime 6.5.3 was released on October 12, 2005 for Mac OS X v10.2.8 after the release of QuickTime 7.0, fixing a number of security issues.
QuickTime 7.x[edit]
Initially released on April 29, 2005 in conjunction with Mac OS X v10.4 (for version 10.3.9 and 10.4.x), QuickTime 7.0 featured the following:[52][53]
Improved MPEG-4 compliance.
A H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec (does not support the AVCHD H.264 AVC format from Sony HD camcorders).
Support for Core Audio, a set of Application programming interfaces that supports high resolution sound and replaces Sound Manager.[54]
Support for using Core Image filters in Mac OS X v10.4 on live video (Not to be confused with Core Video).
Support for Quartz Composer (.qtz) animations.
Support for distinct decode order and display order.
QuickTime Kit Framework (QTKit), a Cocoa framework for QuickTime.
After a couple of preview Windows releases,[55] Apple released 7.0.2 as the first stable release on September 7, 2005 for Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Version 7.0.4, released on January 10, 2006 was the first universal binary version. But it suffered numerous bugs, including a buffer overrun, which is more problematic to most users.
Apple dropped support for Windows 2000 with the release of QuickTime 7.2 on July 11, 2007.[56] The last version available for Windows 2000, 7.1.6, contains numerous security vulnerabilities.[57] References to this version have been removed from the QuickTime site, but it can be downloaded from Apple's support section.[58] Apple has not indicated that they will be providing any further security updates for older versions. QuickTime 7.2 is the first version for Windows Vista.
Apple dropped support for Flash content in QuickTime 7.3, breaking content that relied on Flash for interactivity, or animation tracks. Security concerns seem to be part of the decision.[59] Flash flv files can still be played in QuickTime if the free Perian plugin is added.
In QuickTime 7.3, a processor that supports SSE is required. QuickTime 7.4 does not require SSE. Unlike versions 7.2 and 7.3, QuickTime 7.4 cannot be installed on Windows XP SP1 system (its setup program checks if Service Pack 2 is installed).
QuickTime 7.5 was released on June 10, 2008.[60] QuickTime 7.5.5 was released on September 9, 2008,[citation needed] which requires Mac OS X v10.4 or higher, dropping 10.3 support. QuickTime 7.6 was released on January 21, 2009.[citation needed] QuickTime 7.7 was released on August 23, 2011.[citation needed]
QuickTime 7.6.6 is available for OS X, 10.6.3 Snow Leopard through the current, 10.14 Mojave.[61] There is a 7.7 release of QuickTime 7 for OS X, but it is only for Leopard 10.5.[62]
QuickTime 7.7.6 is the last release for Windows XP.
QuickTime 7.7.9 is the last Windows release of QuickTime. Apple stopped supporting QuickTime on Windows afterwards.[3]
Safari 12, released on September 24, 2018 which drops support for NPAPI plug-ins (except for Adobe Flash) dropped its support for QuickTime 7's web plugin.
QuickTime X (QuickTime Player v10.x)[edit]
QuickTime X (pronounced QuickTime Ten[63]) was initially demonstrated at WWDC on June 8, 2009, and shipped with Mac OS X v10.6.[64]
It includes visual chapters,[65] conversion, sharing to YouTube, video editing,[66] capture of video and audio streams, screen recording,[67] GPU acceleration, and live streaming.[68]
But it removed support for various widely used formats; in particular the omission of MIDI caused significant inconvenience and trouble to many musicians and their potential audiences.[69]
In addition, a screen recorder is featured which records whatever is on the screen. However, to prevent bootlegging the user is unable to record any video that is played on the DVD Player or purchased content from iTunes, thus being greyed out.[citation needed]
The reason for the jump in numbering from 7 to 10 (X) was to indicate a similar break with the previous versions of the product that Mac OS X indicated. QuickTime X is fundamentally different from previous versions, in that it is provided as a Cocoa (Objective-C) framework and breaks compatibility with the previous QuickTime 7 C-based APIs that were previously used. QuickTime X was completely rewritten to implement modern audio video codecs in 64-bit. QuickTime X is a combination of two technologies: QuickTime Kit Framework (QTKit) and QuickTime X Player. QTKit is used by QuickTime player to display media. QuickTime X does not implement all of the functionality of the previous QuickTime as well as some[which?] of the codecs. When QuickTime X attempts to operate with a 32-bit codec or perform an operation not supported by QuickTime X, it will start a 32-bit helper process to perform the requested operation. The website Ars Technica revealed that QuickTime X uses QuickTime 7.x via QTKit to run older codecs that have not made the transition to 64-bit.[70]
QuickTime 7 may still be required to support older formats on Snow Leopard such as QTVR, interactive QuickTime movies, and MIDI files. In such cases, a compatible version of QuickTime 7 is included on Snow Leopard installation disc and may be installed side-by-side with QuickTime X. Users who have a Pro license for QuickTime 7 can then activate their license.[71]
A Snow Leopard compatible version of QuickTime 7 may also be downloaded from Apple Support website.[72]
The software got an increment with the release of Mavericks, and as of June 2015, the current version is v10.4. It contains more sharing options (email, YouTube, Facebook, Flickr etc.), more export options (including web export in multiple sizes, and export for iPhone 4/iPad/Apple TV (but not Apple TV 2)[clarification needed]). It also includes a new way of fast forwarding through a video and mouse support for scrolling.[73]
Platform support[edit]
Macintosh
OS
Latest version
System 6.0.7 – 7.0.1 2.5[74]
System 7.1 – 8.1 on 68K 4.0.3[75]
System 7.1.2 – 7.5.3 on PowerPC 4.0.3[75]
System 7.5.5 – 8.5.1 on PowerPC 5.0.5[76]
Mac OS 8.6 – 9 6.0.3[77]
Mac OS X v10.0 5.0 (bundled)
Mac OS X v10.1 6.3.1[78]
Mac OS X v10.2 6.5.3[79]
Mac OS X v10.3 7.5[80]
Mac OS X v10.4 7.6.4[81]
Mac OS X v10.5 7.7[62]
Mac OS X v10.6 10.0[82] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
Mac OS X v10.7 10.1[83] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
OS X v10.8 10.2[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
OS X v10.9 10.3[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
OS X v10.10 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
OS X v10.11 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
macOS v10.12 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
macOS v10.13 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
macOS v10.14 10.5[citation needed] / 7.6.6[61] (optional)
Microsoft Windows
OS
Latest version
Windows 3.1 – Windows NT 3.51 2.1.2[84][85]
Windows 95 5.0.5[86]
Windows NT 4.0 6.1[87]
Windows 98, ME 6.5.2[88]
Windows 2000 7.1.6[89]
Windows XP RTM, SP1 7.3.1
Windows XP SP2, SP3 7.7.6[90]
Windows Vista and Windows 7 7.7.9[91]
Creating software that uses QuickTime[edit]
QuickTime X[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
QuickTime X provides the QTKit Framework on Mac OS 10.6 and greater.[92]
Previous versions[edit]
QuickTime consists of two major subsystems: the Movie Toolbox and the Image Compression Manager. The Movie Toolbox consists of a general API for handling time-based data, while the Image Compression Manager provides services for dealing with compressed raster data as produced by video and photo codecs.
Developers can use the QuickTime software development kit (SDK) to develop multimedia applications for Mac or Windows with the C programming language or with the Java programming language (see QuickTime for Java), or, under Windows, using COM/ActiveX from a language supporting this.
The COM/ActiveX option was introduced as part of QuickTime 7 for Windows and is intended for programmers who want to build standalone Windows applications using high-level QuickTime movie playback and control with some import, export, and editing capabilities. This is considerably easier than mastering the original QuickTime C API.[93]
QuickTime 7 for Mac introduced the QuickTime Kit (aka QTKit), a developer framework that is intended to replace previous APIs for Cocoa developers. This framework is for Mac only, and exists as Objective-C abstractions around a subset of the C interface. Mac OS X v10.5 extends QTKit to full 64-bit support. The QTKit allows multiplexing between QuickTime X and QuickTime 7 behind the scenes so that the user need not worry about which version of QuickTime they need to use.
Bugs and vulnerabilities[edit]
QuickTime 7.4 was found to disable Adobe's video compositing program, After Effects.[94][95][96] This was due to the DRM built into version 7.4 since it allowed movie rentals from iTunes. QuickTime 7.4.1 resolved this issue.[97]
Versions 4.0 through 7.3 contained a buffer overflow bug which could compromise the security of a PC using either the QuickTime Streaming Media client, or the QuickTime player itself.[98] The bug was fixed in version 7.3.1.
QuickTime 7.5.5 and earlier are known to have a list of significant vulnerabilities that allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access and application crash) on a targeted system. The list includes six types of buffer overflow,[99][100][101][102][103][104] data conversion,[105] signed vs. unsigned integer mismatch,[106] and uninitialized memory pointer.[107]
QuickTime 7.6 has been found to disable Mac users' ability to play certain games, such as Civilization IV and The Sims 2. There are fixes available from the publisher, Aspyr.[108]
QuickTime 7 lacks support for H.264 Sample Aspect Ratio.[109] QuickTime X does not have this limitation,[citation needed] but many Apple products (such as iTunes and Apple TV) still use the older QuickTime 7 engine.[citation needed]
QuickTime 7.7.x on Windows fails to encode H.264 on multi-core systems with more than approximately 20 threads, e.g. HP Z820 with 2× 8-core CPUs. A suggested solution[by whom?] is to disable hyper-threading/limit CPU cores. Encoding speed and stability depends on the scaling of the player window.[citation needed]
On April 14, 2016, Christopher Budd of Trend Micro announced that Apple has ceased all security patching of QuickTime for Windows, and called attention to two Zero Day Initiative advisories, ZDI-16-241 [110] and ZDI-16-242, [111] issued by Trend Micro's subsidiary TippingPoint on that same day.[112] Also on that same day, the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team issued alert TA16-105A, encapsulating Budd's announcement and the Zero Day Initiative advisories.[113] Apple responded with a statement that QuickTime 7 for Windows is no longer supported by Apple.[3]
See also[edit]
AVFoundation
Comparison of audio player software
Comparison of video player software
Perian
Qtch
QuickTime Alternative
QuickTime Broadcaster
QuickTime File Format
QuickTime Streaming Server
Windows Media Components for QuickTime
Xiph QuickTime Components
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
QuickTime — Apple's official website (with additional components to extend QuickTime's capabilities)
Introduction To QuickTime Overview — Apple's QuickTime developer site
Apple - download QuickTime 7.7.9 for Windows (no hassle download, bug free web page, no need to supply email address, etc.)
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text:
Degrassi: Next Class (season 4)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Degrassi: Next Class
(season 4)
Country of origin
Canada
No. of episodes
10
Release
Original network
Family (Canada)
Netflix (Internationally)
Original release
Canada: June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 3, 2017 (F2N)[2]
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 3
List of Degrassi: Next Class episodes
The fourth season of Degrassi: Next Class was released on June 30, 2017 on the Family Channel App ahead of its television premiere on July 3, 2017 on Family Channel under the teen block F2N in Canada. It streamed internationally on July 7, 2017 through Netflix.[3][2][4][1] This season follows a group of high school juniors and seniors from Degrassi Community School, a fictional school in Toronto, Ontario, and depicts some of the typical issues and challenges common to a teenager's life. This season picks up during the second semester of the current school year. It will tell the stories of a new generation navigating high school drama with groundbreaking stories including mental health, gender identity, sexual identity, acceptance, faith, terrorism, disabilities, sex, hate crimes and more.[5] The show continues the running theme of targeting the new post-millennial teen cohort known as Generation Z.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Series regulars
1.2 Guest stars
1.2.1 Alumni
1.2.2 Students
1.2.3 Other
1.2.4 Parents & Faculty
2 Production
3 Episodes
4 References
5 External links
Cast[edit]
Series regulars[edit]
The fourth season has twenty-one actors receiving star billing with all twenty-one of them returning from the previous season.[1]
Amanda Arcuri as Lola Pacini (10 episodes)
Amir Bageria as Baaz Nahir (7 episodes)
Soma Bhatia as Goldi Nahir (8 episodes)
Jamie Bloch as Yael Baron (7 episodes)
Stefan Brogren as Archie "Snake" Simpson (1 episode)
Chelsea Clark as Esme Song (9 episodes)
Reiya Downs as Shaylynn "Shay" Powers (6 episodes)
Ana Golja as Zoe Rivas (8 episodes)
Nikki Gould as Grace Cardinal (10 episodes)
Ricardo Hoyos as Zigmund "Zig" Novak (9 episodes)
Ehren Kassam as Jonah Haak (10 episodes)
Andre Kim as Winston "Chewy" Chu (7 episodes)
Lyle Lettau as Tristan Milligan (7 episodes)
Spencer MacPherson as Hunter Hollingsworth (9 episodes)
Eric Osborne as Miles Hollingsworth III (7 episodes)
Parham Rownaghi as Saad Al' Maliki (6 episodes)
Dante Scott as Vijay Maraj (7 episodes)
Olivia Scriven as Maya Matlin (7 episodes)
Sara Waisglass as Francesca "Frankie" Hollingsworth (9 episodes)
Richard Walters as Deon "Tiny" Bell (8 episodes)
Dalia Yegavian as Rasha Zuabi (8 episodes)
Guest stars[edit]
Alumni[edit]
Jake Epstein as Craig Manning
Chloe Rose as Katie Matlin
Students[edit]
Diya Kittur as Abra Al' Maliki
Other[edit]
Charlie Gillespie as Oliver
Parents & Faculty[edit]
Aisha Alfa as Ms. Grell
Michael Brown as Mr. Blake Mitchell
Ashely Comeau as Ms. Badger
Elle Downs as Mrs. Powers
Janick Hebert as Madame Jeanneaux
Nahanni Johnstone as Ms. Milligan
Michael Kinney as Mr. Darryl Armstrong
Cheri Maracle as Ms. Cardinal
Vijay Mehta as Mr. Nahir
Tom Melissis as Mr. Dom Perino
Stephanie Moore as Mrs. Diana Hollingsworth
John Ralston as Mr. Miles Hollingsworth II
Production[edit]
This season along with season 3 were renewed in April 2016.[6] Production on the season officially began a month prior when casting calls for two new leads were released. Filming commenced in May 2016 and finished in August of the same year. The season premiered on July 3, 2017 on Family Channel's 'F2N' teen block, and streamed internationally on Netflix on July 7, 2017.[2][4] On F2N, it will run for two weeks and use the telenovela format. Ahead of the premiere on F2N, Family Channel released all 10 episodes on June 30, 2017, on the Family Channel App at midnight.[1]
This season featured the first graduation for Degrassi: Next Class. Ten characters, the largest since Degrassi High, graduated in the finale of season four. These characters are: Tiny Bell (Richard Walters), Grace Cardinal (Nikki Gould), Winston Chu (Andre Kim), Jonah Haak (Ehren Kassam), Miles Hollingsworth III (Eric Osborne), Maya Matlin (Olivia Scriven), Tristan Milligan (Lyle Lettau), Goldi Nahir (Soma Bhatia), Zig Novak (Ricardo Hoyos) and Zoe Rivas (Ana Golja). The finale revealed that fellow senior Esme Song (Chelsea Clark) would not be graduating.[4]
Episodes[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Netflix Release
Prod.
code
31
1 "#BackToReality"[2] Stefan Brogren Alejandro Alcoba June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 3, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 3, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 401
Grace and Jonah keep their relationship on the DL; Tristan starts back slowly at school; Esme is willing to do whatever it takes to keep her man.
32
2 "#GetMoney"[2] Stefan Brogren Courtney Jane Walker June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 4, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 4, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 402
Frankie is uploading some questionable posts on her socials so Esme encourages her to re-curate her online persona. Shay is determined to up her game to get scouted.
33
3 "#ILookLikeA"[3] Samir Rehem Ian MacIntyre June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 5, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 5, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 403
Goldi has been flirting with Winston and doesn't even know it. Miles questions a post-grad opportunity that seems too good to be true.
34
4 "#RollUpToTheClubLike"[3] Samir Rehem Matt Huether June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 6, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 6, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 404
After a terrorist attack in Brussels, the Muslim students at Degrassi find themselves in some very heated situations; Grace creates a bucket list.
35
5 "#Preach"[3] Samir Rehem Jennifer Kassabian June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 7, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 7, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 405
Saad is torn between his own beliefs and the students' collective show of solidarity for Brussels. Frankie wonders if hanging with Esme and Zig is really good for her.
36
6 "#FactsOnly"[3] Samir Rehem Courtney Jane Walker June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 10, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 10, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 406
Yael feels like an identity overhaul is needed and turns to Lola for help. Maya auditions for Zoe, Goldi and a special celebrity judge, Degrassi alumnus Craig Manning, for the charity talent show.
37
7 "#Fire"[3] Stefan Brogren Courtney Jane Walker June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 11, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 11, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 407
What starts out as a small grad camping getaway with Zig, Tiny, Jonah, Grace and Maya turns into a bigger ordeal when Frankie, Esme, Shay and Lola latch on.
38
8 "#GetYouAManThatCanDoBoth"[3] Stefan Brogren Matt Huether & Celeste Bronfman June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 12, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 12, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 408
Tristan and others wonder if his turbo-mode recovery is a good idea. After seeing others get "promposals," Shay is hoping that Tiny will do the same.
39
9 "#Obsessed"[3] Stefan Brogren Sarah Glinski June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 13, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 13, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 409
The senior prom is delayed due to a code red emergency. Esme is furious when prom doesn't go exactly as she'd hoped.
40
10 "#KThxBye"[3] Stefan Brogren Sarah Glinski June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 14, 2017 (F2N) (June 30, 2017 (Family Channel App)[1]
July 14, 2017 (F2N))[2] July 7, 2017[4] 410
The gowns are on and the caps are about to be thrown. Degrassi holds its graduation for the Class of 2016. Zoe wonders how much support she'll get as she prepares to make her valedictory speech.
Note: This marks the final regular appearances of Richard Walters as Tiny Bell, Nikki Gould as Grace Cardinal, Andre Kim as Winston Chu, Ehren Kassam as Jonah Haak, Eric Osborne as Miles Hollingsworth III, Olivia Scriven as Maya Matlin, Lyle Lettau as Tristan Milligan, Soma Bhatia as Goldi Nahir, Ricardo Hoyos as Zig Novak and Ana Golja as Zoe Rivas.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Family Channel celebrates Canada Day with Season 4 of Degrassi: Next Class". tv-eh.com. 13 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "TV Listings Grid, TV Guide and TV Schedule, Where to Watch TV Shows - Screener". tvlistings.zap2it.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Degrassi: Next Class - TV Show, Episode Guide & Schedule". TWC Central.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Degrassi: Next Class Season 4 Release Date and Trailers". denofgeek.com. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara, Spencer & Ehren Talk Degrassi On CP24 – Kary's Degrassi Blog". Degrassiblog.com. 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ Kickham, Dylan (2016-01-14). "Degrassi: Next Class renewed for seasons 3 and 4". EW.com. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
External links[edit]
Book: Seasons of Degrassi: Next Class
List of Degrassi: Next Class episodes at IMDB.
List of Degrassi: Next Class episodes at TV.com.
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