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History of the St. Louis Rams
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St. Louis Rams
Established 1995
Ended 2015
Played in St. Louis, Missouri
Headquartered in Earth City, Missouri
Logo Wordmark
League/conference affiliations
National Football League (1995–2015)
National Football Conference (1995–2015)
NFC West (1995–2015)
Uniform
Team colors
Millennium Blue, New Century Gold, White
Mascot
Ramster (1995)
Rampage (2010–2015)
Personnel
Owner(s)
Georgia Frontiere (1995–2008)
Chip Rosenbloom (2008–2010)
Lucia Rodriguez (2008–2010)
Stan Kroenke (2010–2015)
Chairman
Stan Kroenke (1995–2010)
Chip Rosenbloom (2010–2015)
General manager
Steve Ortmayer (1995–1996)
Dick Vermeil (1997–1999)
Charley Armey (2000–2005)
Jay Zygmunt (2006–2008)
Billy Devaney (2009–2011)
Les Snead (2012–2015)
Head coach
Rich Brooks (1995–1996)
Dick Vermeil (1997–1999)
Mike Martz (2000–2005)
Joe Vitt (2005)
Scott Linehan (2006–2008)
Jim Haslett (2008)
Steve Spagnuolo (2009–2011)
Jeff Fisher (2012–2015)
Team history
Cleveland Rams (1936–1942, 1944–1945)
Suspended operations (1943)
Los Angeles Rams (1946–1994, 2016–present)
St. Louis Rams (1995–2015)
Team nicknames
The Greatest Show on Turf (1999–2001)
Championships
League championships (1)
1999
Super Bowl championships (1)
1999 (XXXIV)
Conference championships (2)
NFC: 1999, 2001
Division championships (3)
NFC West: 1999, 2001, 2003
Playoff appearances (5)
NFL: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004
Home fields
Busch Memorial Stadium (1995)
The Dome at America's Center (1995–2015)
This article is part of series of
Rams NFL franchise history
Cleveland Rams (1936–1945)
Los Angeles Rams (1946–1994)
St. Louis Rams (1995–2015)
Los Angeles Rams (2016–present)
List of seasons
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The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1988. The Rams' first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the New Orleans Saints on September 10, 1995, before the Trans World Dome (later the Edward Jones Dome, and now known as The Dome at America's Center) was completed for their November 12 game against the Carolina Panthers. Their last game played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17, 2015, which they won, 31–23. The Rams' last game as a St. Louis-based club was on January 3, 2016, against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi's Stadium, where they lost in overtime 19–16.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
1.1 Cardinals move to Arizona and begin new approach
1.2 The move to Anaheim
1.3 1990–94: Frontiere's end game for the L.A. Rams
2 First years (1995–2000)
2.1 Vermeil era
3 1999–2001: The Greatest Show on Turf
3.1 1999: Second Super Bowl appearance and Super Bowl champions
3.2 2000: Wild card loss
3.3 2001: Third Super Bowl appearance
4 2002–14: Struggles
4.1 2005–15: Playoff drought
4.2 2010: Stan Kroenke takes over
4.3 2010–14: Sam Bradford & Jeff Fisher
5 2015: Nick Foles and the final season in St. Louis
5.1 Todd Gurley's arrival
6 Stadium problems; return relocation to Los Angeles
6.1 Stadium issues in St. Louis
6.1.1 City of Champions Revitilization Initiative; Los Angeles Entertainment Center
6.1.2 Filing for relocation; Houston meetings
7 Season Results
7.1 Key
7.2 Seasons
8 Notable players
8.1 Retired numbers
8.2 Pro Football Hall of Famers
8.3 Pro Bowlers
9 See also
10 External references
11 References
12 Bibliography
Origins[edit]
Main articles: History of the Cleveland Rams and History of the Los Angeles Rams
Cardinals move to Arizona and begin new approach[edit]
Further information: History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
For 22 of their 28 years the St. Louis Cardinals called Busch Memorial Stadium home after it opened in 1966, after spending their first six years in St. Louis at Sportsman's Park; they shared both stadiums with the baseball team of the same name. But the overall mediocrity of the Cardinals, combined with stadium issues, caused game attendance to dwindle. And once again the Bidwills, the family that owned the Cardinals, decided to move the team. (They had moved the team from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960.) The cities they looked at included Baltimore, Phoenix, New York City, and Jacksonville. Nonetheless, Cardinals fans were unhappy at losing their team, and Bill Bidwill, fearing for his safety, stayed away from several of the 1987 home games. Their last home game was on December 13, 1987, in which the Cardinals won 27–24 over the New York Giants in front of 29,623 fans on a late Sunday afternoon.
Not long after the 1987 season, Bidwill agreed to move to the Phoenix area on a handshake deal with state and local officials, and the team became the Phoenix Cardinals. They planned to play at Arizona State University's Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe on a temporary basis while a new stadium was being built. Unfortunately for the Cardinals, the savings and loan crisis derailed financing for the stadium, forcing the Cardinals to play at Arizona State for 18 years.
The move to Anaheim[edit]
Prior to the Rams' 1979 Super Bowl season, owner Carroll Rosenbloom drowned in an accident. His widow, Georgia Frontiere, inherited 70% ownership of the team. Frontiere fired her step-son, Steve Rosenbloom, and assumed total control of the franchise. As had been planned prior to Carroll Rosenbloom's death, the Rams moved from their longtime home at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to Anaheim Stadium in nearby Orange County in 1980. The move was necessitated in part by the fact that the Coliseum was difficult to sell out because of its abnormally large seating capacity (100,000), subjecting the team to the league's local-market TV blackout rule, whenever home games did not sell out. Also, Southern California's population patterns were changing; there was rapid growth in L.A.'s affluent suburbs (e.g., greater Orange County) and a decline in the city of Los Angeles' citizenship and earning power. Anaheim Stadium was originally built in 1966 as the home of the California Angels Major League Baseball franchise. To accommodate the Rams' move, the ballpark was reconfigured with luxury suites and enclosed to accommodate crowds of about 65,000 for football.
In 1982 the Coliseum was occupied by the Los Angeles Raiders (now the Oakland Raiders). The combined effect of these two factors was to force the Rams' traditional fan base to be split between two teams. Making matters even worse, at this time the Rams were unsuccessful on the field, while the Raiders were thriving—even winning Super Bowl XVIII in 1983. Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Lakers won championships in 1980 and 1982 en route to winning five titles in that decade, the Los Angeles Dodgers won the World Series in 1981 and 1988, and the Los Angeles Kings, buoyed by the acquisition of Wayne Gretzky in August 1988, advanced to the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals.
1990–94: Frontiere's end game for the L.A. Rams[edit]
Although it was not apparent at the time, the Rams' loss in the 1989 NFC Championship Game marked the end of an era. The Rams would not have another winning season in Los Angeles for the remainder of the century, and beyond. The first half of the 1990s featured four straight 10-loss (or worse) seasons, no playoff appearances and waning fan interest. The return of Chuck Knox as head coach (after his successful stints as head coach of the Buffalo Bills and Seattle Seahawks) would not boost the Rams' fortunes. Knox's run-oriented offense brought about the end of offensive coordinator Ernie Zampese's tenure in 1993. General manager John Shaw was perceived by some to continually squander NFL Draft picks on sub-standard talent. The offensive scheme was not only unspectacular to watch, but dull by 1990s standards—further alienating fans. One bright spot for the offense during this time would be running back Jerome Bettis, a bruising running back from Notre Dame. Bettis flourished in Knox's offense, running for 1,429 yards as a rookie and 1,025 in his sophomore effort.
Georgia Frontiere attempted to relocate the Rams to Baltimore, but her fellow owners turned that proposal down. Frontiere then sought to relocate the team to St. Louis. This move was initially voted down as well, with 21 opposed, 3 in favor (the Rams, Cincinnati Bengals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and 6 abstaining. The other owners (led by Buffalo's Ralph Wilson, the Jets' Leon Hess, the Giants' Wellington Mara, Washington's Jack Kent Cooke, Arizona's Bill Bidwill and Minnesota's John Skoglund) believed that the Rams' financial problems were caused by the Frontieres' mismanagement. When Frontiere threatened to sue the league, commissioner Paul Tagliabue acquiesced to Frontiere's demands. As part of the relocation deal, the city of St. Louis agreed to build a taxpayer-financed stadium, the Trans World Dome, and guaranteed that the stadium's amenities would be maintained in the top 25% of all NFL stadiums. Frontiere waived the clause after a 10-year threshold period passed, as the city implemented a later plan to improve the stadium.[1]
The move left many in the Los Angeles area, and many of those indifferent to the whole situation, embittered toward the NFL. That sentiment was best expressed by actor and ex-Ram Fred Dryer, who at the time said "I hate these people [the organization and its owner] for what they did, taking the Rams logo with them when they moved to St. Louis. That logo belonged to Southern California." Steve Rosenbloom, general manager of the team during his father's tenure as owner, opined that teams come and go, but for a team to leave Los Angeles—the second largest media market in America—for St. Louis (approximately the 18th-largest) was simply irresponsible and foolish, in spite of the notoriously fickle support of Los Angeles fans. With the Raiders moving from L.A. back to Oakland only a few months later, the NFL would have no franchise in Los Angeles for two decades, although the Coliseum was used for professional football in 2001 by the Los Angeles Xtreme of the now-defunct XFL.
First years (1995–2000)[edit]
While the Rams dealt with stadium concerns in Los Angeles, efforts were under way to regain an NFL franchise in St. Louis to play in a new domed stadium slated to open in 1995. First, Anheuser-Busch scion Jim Orthwein tried, and ultimately failed, to move the New England Patriots to St. Louis. Then, despite being heavily favored along with Charlotte to win an expansion team, St. Louis lost to a group from Jacksonville, Florida. So certain, in fact, did it appear that St. Louis would gain an expansion franchise, that the team had a name selected – the Stallions – and T-shirts with the team's logo were made very briefly available for sale at a number of St. Louis area sports shops.
Just before moving to St. Louis, the Rams fired Knox and hired Rich Brooks, longtime successful football coach at the University of Oregon, to replace him. The team played its first several games in St. Louis at Busch Stadium (the home of the NFL's St. Louis Cardinals from 1966 until 1987) as work was finished on their new home, the Trans World Dome. Brooks jettisoned Knox's run-oriented scheme in favor of a powerful air attack. Bettis all but disappeared from the offense, rushing for only 637 yards. Despite this, the Rams started off well, getting off to a 5–1 start. However, a 44–10 thumping by the 49ers in the last game at Busch Stadium sent the team into a downward spiral, and they ultimately finished 7–9—still the closest they came to contention since 1989. Perhaps the most memorable aspect of the season was that veteran offensive lineman and future Hall of Famer Jackie Slater played his 20th and final season with the team in its new St. Louis location.
Vermeil era[edit]
The next three years would largely be a repeat of the Rams' last five years in Los Angeles. The team drafted highly touted Nebraska running back Lawrence Phillips with the sixth overall pick in the 1996 NFL Draft, making Bettis expendable. Bettis would be traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers in exchange for draft picks, a move now seen as one of the most lopsided trades in professional sports history, strongly favoring the Steelers.[2] After regressing to 6–10 in 1996, Brooks was replaced by Dick Vermeil. Vermeil had enjoyed success as the head coach of UCLA (where he won a Rose Bowl) and the Philadelphia Eagles, whom he had led to Super Bowl XV. However, Vermeil left the Eagles after an unsuccessful 1982 season, claiming burnout, and proceeded to spend much of the next decade and a half as a college football commentator for ABC Sports.
Vermeil's first two seasons as Rams coach were as unsuccessful as many of the preceding seasons. Phillips was cut from the team mid-season in 1997, cementing his status as a draft bust.
The Rams' struggles continued in 1998, with the team nearing the end of a decade in which it compiled a dismal winning percentage that exceeded only that of the Cincinnati Bengals among NFL teams.
1999–2001: The Greatest Show on Turf[edit]
Main article: The Greatest Show on Turf
1999: Second Super Bowl appearance and Super Bowl champions[edit]
Further information: 1999 St. Louis Rams season
Further information: 1999–2000 NFL playoffs and Super Bowl XXXIV
Finally in 1999, there appeared to be reason for hope as the Rams obtained quarterback Trent Green and running back Marshall Faulk in two separate trades. But in the preseason Green would blow out his anterior cruciate ligament and miss the entire season. A tearful Vermeil vowed that the Rams would "play good football" behind Green's backup, a 28-year-old former Arena Football League Iowa Barnstormers and NFL Europe Amsterdam Admirals player named Kurt Warner. However, most observers believed Green's injury set up the Rams for another long season of failure. Indeed, ESPN Magazine had predicted that the Rams would finish with the worst record in the league (even below that of the expansion Cleveland Browns).
Warner's unexpected success was perhaps the biggest story of the 1999 NFL season. He proved to be the catalyst that would spark an explosive offense nicknamed "The Greatest Show on Turf", capturing the NFL MVP award at season's end. Green went on to become one of the most productive quarterbacks in the league after being acquired by Kansas City in 2001.[citation needed] The 1999 NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award would go to Faulk.
The 1999 St. Louis Rams were also noted for a colorful celebration conducted by their offensive players in the end zone after scoring a touchdown. The celebration, which involved a group of players standing in a circle and swaying their arms as a football spun like a top in the center of the circle, was known as the "Bob 'N Weave." This type of "premeditated and prolonged" display was shortly thereafter subject to "excessive celebration" penalties installed by the league.
After finishing the 1999 season 13-3 (the franchise's second-best regular season record), the Rams started out the playoffs by defeating the Minnesota Vikings 49–37 to achieve their first NFC championship game since 1989. The opponent would be the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, who proved successful in shutting down the Rams' vaunted offense. Still, the Rams managed to win the game 11-6, with the one touchdown coming on Warner's 30-yard touchdown pass to Ricky Proehl, who made an amazing one-handed catch. Proehl, a 10-year NFL veteran who was in the playoffs for the first time in his NFL career, said after the game "There are a lot of people who say there are 500 Ricky Proehls out there. I beg to differ."
The Rams' opponent in Super Bowl XXXIV would be the Tennessee Titans, who, like the Rams, had recently relocated from a major metropolis (Houston, Texas) to a mid-sized city (Nashville, Tennessee). In a game that many consider the best Super Bowl ever, Tennessee played the Rams tough throughout, achieving a 16-16 tie with 2:12 left on an Al Del Greco field goal. On the next drive, Warner, who had been a clutch performer all season long, came through once again, connecting with Isaac Bruce for a 73-yard touchdown pass on the first play of the drive to give the Rams a 23-16 lead with 1:53 to play.
Tennessee then mounted a desperate, last-minute drive, reaching the St. Louis 10-yard line with six seconds left and no timeouts. Titans quarterback Steve McNair threw to Kevin Dyson on a slant. Dyson caught the pass at the 3-yard line but was stopped in a play known as "The Tackle"; Rams linebacker Mike Jones brought Dyson down just 18 inches shy of the goal line, ending the game and giving the Rams and coach Dick Vermeil their first Super Bowl victory. Warner was named Super Bowl MVP. Following the Rams' Super Bowl victory, Vermeil retired from football (though he came back in 2001 as head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs) and was replaced by offensive coordinator (and apprentice) Mike Martz.
2000: Wild card loss[edit]
Further information: 2000 St. Louis Rams season
Further information: 2000–01 NFL playoffs
In Mike Martz's first year as Rams head coach, the defending-champion Rams started the season by winning their first six games as they went 7–1 in the first half of the season. However, their season started getting ugly. They went 3–5 during the last half of the season, including a three-game skid. They still managed to get into the playoffs with a 10–6 record and the NFC's #6 seed, but had to face the NFC West champion New Orleans Saints, the #3 seed, in the Wild Card round. Playing at the Louisiana Superdome, the Rams' 24th-ranked defense yielded New Orleans a 31-7 lead, but the Rams valiantly fought back, scoring three straight touchdowns. However, the comeback fell short as the Saints triumphed 31-28, the first playoff win in New Orleans franchise history.
2001: Third Super Bowl appearance[edit]
Further information: 2001 St. Louis Rams season
Further information: 2001–02 NFL playoffs and Super Bowl XXXVI
In 2001, the "Max Q" Rams went 14-2 (including a spectacular 8-0 on the road), led not only by a sensational offense (their third straight year of scoring 500 or more points), but a good defense as well, coached by Lovie Smith and led by Adam Archuleta. After easily handling Green Bay in the divisional playoffs, the Rams fought off a pesky Philadelphia Eagles team 29-24 to reach their second Super Bowl in three seasons. Their opponents in Super Bowl XXXVI would be the New England Patriots who, much as the Rams had had two years previous, had enjoyed a Cinderella playoff run, highlighted by a dramatic and controversial 16-13 divisional playoff win against the Oakland Raiders.
The talent-laden Rams appeared to be primed to become the first pro football dynasty of the 21st century. However, despite being a 14-point favorite, the Rams were dominated by the Patriots for most of the game. The Patriots chipped the Rams wideouts and running backs, disrupting their precision passing patterns. They also beat up Kurt Warner, forcing him into uncharacteristic mistakes, including a 47-yard touchdown interception return by Ty Law.
In the fourth quarter, the Rams mounted a comeback attempt. Two plays after an apparent game-clinching 95-yard fumble return by the Patriots was reversed on a penalty, Kurt Warner scored on a two-yard keeper to bring the Rams to within seven points, 17-10. After holding the Patriots on the next drive, the Rams were in much the same situation as they had been against Tennessee. Warner came through once again, quickly leading the Rams on a dramatic drive culminating in a 26-yard touchdown pass to Ricky Proehl. The extra point by Jeff Wilkins tied the game at 17 with 90 seconds left.
With the Patriots holding no timeouts and the Rams having seized the momentum, overtime seemed assured. Fox Sports commentator John Madden opined that the Patriots should run out the clock to end regulation time. But quarterback Tom Brady led the Patriots down the field, completing all but one pass (an intentional spike to stop the clock) before Adam Vinatieri's last-second 48-yard field goal defeated the Rams 20-17.
Super Bowl XXXVI later became part of the wider 2007 National Football League videotaping controversy, also known as "Spygate". The Boston Herald reported, citing an unnamed source, that the Patriots had taped the Rams' walkthrough practice prior to the game.[3] After further investigation, the league determined that no tape of the Rams' Super Bowl walkthrough was made,[4] and the Herald later issued an apology in 2008 for the article.[5]
2002–14: Struggles[edit]
Marc Bulger spent several seasons as the Rams quarterback.
In 2002, the Rams had a very disappointing 7-9 final record (after starting out 0-5). The silver lining was the emergence of young quarterback Marc Bulger, from West Virginia University, who, after Kurt Warner was injured, won every game in which he both started and finished. Though not as intriguing a story as Warner's emergence in 1999 (the season in which Trent Green was injured and Warner became the star quarterback), Bulger's emergence was a highlight of the Rams' 2002 NFL season, demonstrating Martz's knack for developing lightly regarded or overlooked players into top-quality, productive quarterbacks. Also, the Rams gained two new divisional rivals in the NFC West thanks to a league-wide realignment that created eight new divisions of four teams each. One of these new rivals, the Arizona Cardinals, played in St. Louis from 1960 until the end of the 1987 season, and the other, the Seattle Seahawks, returned to the NFC for the first time since their inaugural 1976 season.
In 2003, Warner lost the starting job to Bulger after suffering six fumbles in the season opener against the New York Giants.[clarification needed] Warner was released by the Rams in June 2004 and quickly signed a free agent contract with Giants, effectively ending the "Greatest Show on Turf" era.
The 2003 season saw the Rams go 12-4, winning the NFC West again. However, the Rams lost a crushing divisional-round defeat to the Carolina Panthers (29-23 in double overtime), who went on to become NFC champions.
During the 2004 NFL Draft, the Rams used their first pick (24th overall) to select running back Steven Jackson from Oregon State.
The Rams began their 10th year in St. Louis at home, winning their home opener over the Arizona Cardinals 17-10. They then lost the next two games: to the eventual NFC South champion Atlanta Falcons 34-17, and to the New Orleans Saints at home 28-25 in overtime. The Rams got to 2-2 on the season with a 24-14 road victory over the San Francisco 49ers. In Week 5, they defeated the Seattle Seahawks 33-27 on the road, as Bulger connected with Shaun McDonald for the 52-yard winning score in overtime. Next came a home win over Tampa Bay, 28-21 before a road loss to the hapless Miami Dolphins, 31-14. Following a Week 8 bye, the Rams lost to the defending champion Patriots at home 40-22. The Rams then downed the Seahawks 23-12 but then lost their next games on the road, losing to the Buffalo Bills 37-17 and to the eventual NFC North champion Green Bay Packers 45–17. The team rebounded with a 16-6 home win over the 49ers, but their playoff hopes continued to shrink with two more road losses, falling to the Carolina Panthers 20-7 and to the Cardinals 31-7. At 6-8, the Rams rallied for home wins against the Philadelphia Eagles (20-7) and the New York Jets (32-29 in overtime), snatching the NFC's #5 seed despite finishing with an 8-8 record.
For the Wild Card round, the Rams faced the Seahawks for the third time. The visiting Rams took the lead on a 17-yard Bulger touchdown pass to Cam Cleeland with just 2:11 left in regulation time and then held off the Seahawks on 4th and goal to earn a 27-20 victory. The Rams made NFL history by becoming the first team to go .500 (8-8) in the regular season and then win a playoff game. However, St. Louis was thrashed in the divisional round by the Atlanta Falcons 47-17.
2005–15: Playoff drought[edit]
The St. Louis Rams on offense during an away game against the San Francisco 49ers
During the 2005 NFL Draft, the Rams used their first pick on OT Alex Barron from Florida State. They lost on the road in Week 1 to the 49ers, 28-25, but rebounded with a 17-12 road win over Arizona and former Rams quarterback Kurt Warner. The Rams won their Week 3 home opener against the Titans 31-27 before dropping three straight games. In Week 5, Martz was diagnosed with an infection in his heart, and Joe Vitt was named interim head coach. In Vitt's first game at the helm, Bulger sprained an AC joint in a loss to Indianapolis. Replacement quarterback Jamie Martin then led the team to home victories against the Saints (28-17) and Jaguars (24-21). After a Week 9 bye, Bulger returned but the Rams fell in Seattle 31-16. The Rams next lost a rematch to the Cardinals, with Bulger suffering another shoulder injury. Against Houston, Martin was knocked out of the game with a concussion, giving rookie Ryan Fitzpatrick his first playing time in the NFL. The Rams won 33–27 in overtime on a 56-yard touchdown strike from Fitzpatrick to receiver Kevin Curtis. However, they lost their next four games. Martin and the Rams managed to end their disastrous season on a positive note, beating Dallas on the road in ESPN's final Sunday night game. Martz was fired at season's end.
Despite having a talent-laden roster, the Rams' front-office dysfunction had traveled from California to Missouri. With team president John Shaw remaining in Los Angeles after the relocation, president of football operations Jay Zygmunt clashed with head coach Martz, including an incident in which Zygmunt prevented the ill Martz from phoning in a play to his offensive coordinator. Poor draft choices and mediocre records began to pile up for the once-budding dynasty as the post-Martz era found the Rams in chaos. Hoping to regain control within the franchise, the Rams hired former Dolphins offensive coordinator Scott Linehan as head coach on January 19, 2006.[6] On January 24, Jim Haslett, the former head coach of the Saints, signed a three-year deal as defensive coordinator.[7][8]
Following the 2007 season, Georgia Frontiere died on January 18, 2008 after having owned the team for 28 years.[9] Ownership of the team passed to her son Dale "Chip" Rosenbloom and daughter Lucia Rodriguez.[10] Rosenbloom was named the new Rams majority owner.[11] Linehan was fired on September 29, 2008, after the team started the 0-4, and Haslett took over as interim head coach for the rest of the season. In late December, Shaw and Zygmunt both resigned and Billy Devaney was promoted to general manager.[12]
Middle linebacker James Laurinaitis
Steve Spagnuolo was named head coach in January 2009. Spagnuolo had masterminded the Giants' defensive scheme that shut down the previously undefeated New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLII. As the 2009 season began, conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh put in an offer to buy the Rams, but his controversial televised comments about Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb in 2003 led the league to force Limbaugh to drop his plans. In spite of his success with the Giants, Spagnuolo's first season as Rams head coach was terribly disappointing as the team went 1-15, beginning with a shutout at the hands of the Seahawks. The team's lone victory came in Week 8 over the 2-14 Detroit Lions. However, Spagnuolo was not fired after his poor first season.
2010: Stan Kroenke takes over[edit]
On May 31, 2009, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that majority owners Rosenbloom and Rodriguez officially offered their majority share of Rams for sale. They retained the services of Goldman Sachs, a prominent investment banking firm, to help facilitate the sale of the Rams by evaluating bids and soliciting potential buyers.[13] The sale price was unknown, but at the time Forbes estimated the team's value at $929 million.[14] On the final day to do so, then-minority owner Stan Kroenke invoked his right of first refusal to buy the 60% of the team that he did not already own. The original intended buyer, Shahid Khan, would later acquire the Jaguars after the 2011 season. Pursuant to NFL rules, owners are prohibited from owning other sports teams in the same market. At the time of purchase, Kroenke, a real estate and sports mogul married to a Walmart heir (d/b/a Kroenke Sports Enterprises), owned the Denver Nuggets, the Colorado Avalanche, the Colorado Rapids, the Pepsi Center (home to the Nuggets and Avalanche) and Altitude Sports and Entertainment.[15] These interests violated the NFL's cross-ownership rule. Nevertheless, on August 25, 2010, NFL owners unanimously approved Kroenke as the owner of the franchise contingent upon his eventual divestment of his Colorado sports interests. Kroenke complied with the rule when he transferred ownership of the Nuggets, the Avalanche, the Pepsi Center and the Altitude to his son Josh.
Rams' all-time leading rusher running back Steven Jackson
2010–14: Sam Bradford & Jeff Fisher[edit]
Sam Bradford became the quarterback of the Rams in 2010.
For having the NFL's worst record at 1-15 in 2009, the Rams earned the #1 overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft and used it to acquire University of Oklahoma quarterback Sam Bradford.
Bradford was the main focus of the 2010 offseason. In order to make room for the new QB, Keith Null and several other unproductive players were cut from the roster. The Rams lost their season opener against the Cardinals with Bradford throwing three interceptions, including one on the last play of the game. They recorded their first win by beating Washington and ending a 14-game home-losing streak in Week 3. In Week 4, the Rams ended a 10-game losing streak against Seattle, 20-3. After being trounced 44-6 by Detroit, they returned home in Week 6 to beat San Diego 20-17. Bradford continued to show promise through the season despite struggling from his inexperience. Despite a 7-8 record, the Rams had a chance to win the NFC West when they traveled to 6-9 Seattle for a prime-time matchup. However, the Seahawks won the game and the division, 16-6. Bradford went on to win the 2010 Offensive Rookie of the Year award.
The 2011 season started disastrously, with the Rams opening 0-6, finally winning an improbable victory over the Saints in Week 8. The team finished 2-14, with their only other win being a Week 10 victory over Cleveland. Bradford missed half the season with an ankle injury, and the Rams' offense was rated the worst in the league.
At the conclusion of a poor 2011, Spagnulo and nearly all of the coaching staff were fired except offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels, who was asked by the New England Patriots to return during the playoffs (he had been an assistant coach there prior to his disastrous stint as Denver Broncos head coach in 2009). The Rams then hired head coach Jeff Fisher, who had led the Tennessee Titans in their Super Bowl XXXIV loss to the Rams 12 years earlier. Fisher would then influence the hiring of new GM Les Snead and an all-new coaching staff including offensive coordinator Brian Schottenheimer and defensive coordinator Gregg Williams. Williams was eventually suspended for the entire 2012 season for his part in the Saints bounty scandal.
Despite the 2011 fiasco, the Rams continued with their plans to rebuild the team around Bradford and convinced the Redskins to give up two first-round draft picks and one second-round draft pick in exchange for the Rams' #2 overall pick. This moved the Rams down to the #6 pick in the 2012 NFL Draft, which they in turn traded to Dallas, but were left with an abundance of others for future use. Following the draft, they signed undrafted Oregon State punter Johnny Hekker, who would become a Pro Bowl-caliber player.
The Rams started 2012 with low hopes, but the draft trade with Washington confirmed Bradford would be their quarterback of the future. The team then surprised some by starting off 3-2, their first winning record since 2006. They then lost three straight, but rebounded with a solid 4-4-1 finish, including a 24-24 road tie with eventual NFC champion San Francisco, to finish 7-8-1, a five-game improvement over 2011 and an impressive 4-1-1 record in the very competitive NFC West.
In 2013, the Rams finished with a 7-9 record. In the 2014 season, their 20th in St. Louis, the team would again miss the playoffs with a 6-10 record. Bradford missed the entire 2014 season with an injury, allowing Shaun Hill and Austin Davis opportunities at quarterback.
2015: Nick Foles and the final season in St. Louis[edit]
On March 10, 2015, the Rams were involved in a rare trade of starting quarterbacks as they traded Bradford along with a fifth-round pick in 2015 to the Philadelphia Eagles in exchange for the Eagles' Nick Foles along with a fourth-round pick in 2015 and a second round pick in 2016. Foles had a 14-4 record as starter and an impressive TD-INT ratio of 46-17, while Bradford had an 18-30-1 record. On the day of the 2015 draft the Rams traded Zac Stacy, the Rams' 2013 rushing leader, for a 7th round pick to the Jets.
The Rams opened their 2015 season at home against Seattle. In Foles' Rams debut, he threw for 297 yards and a touchdown. Following the dramatic win, Foles struggled against his former divisional rival, the Redskins as the Rams lost 24-10. Foles' accuracy improved the following week but he threw no touchdowns and his first interception as a Ram against the Steelers, dropping the team to 1-2. Following the two losses Foles bounced back, handing the unbeaten Cardinals their first loss of the season. After that game, Foles' problems with turnovers from 2014 started to show, as he completed 11 passes out of 30 for 141 yards, 1 touchdown, and a career-high 4 interceptions against the Green Bay Packers. On November 16, Foles was benched in favor of Case Keenum, who would start the remainder of the season.
Todd Gurley's arrival[edit]
Leading the team through their turbulence was rookie RB Todd Gurley. Gurley was drafted 10th overall in the 2015 NFL Draft.[16] Gurley, who tore his ACL his November 2014, saw his rehabilitation go ahead of schedule and during the team's preseason, while he did not play, he practiced without pads on. Soon after, Gurley was medically cleared for full contact by St. Louis team physicians. On Sept 27, 2015, he made his NFL debut against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was eased into action and finished the game with 6 rushes for 9 yards. The following week, the Rams visited undefeated Arizona for an NFC west divisional matchup. Again Gurley started slow with just 2 yards at halftime, but rushed for 144 yards in the second half as the Rams edged the Cardinals 24-22. The next three games against the Packers, Browns, and 49ers would see Gurley rush for at least 128 rushing yards per game. He scored his first NFL touchdown on Oct 25th, 2015 against the Cleveland Browns. With 566 yards in his first four NFL starts, Gurley became the most prolific rusher in his first four NFL games since the AFL–NFL merger.[17] In Week 15, Gurley became the third rookie in Rams history to rush for 1,000 yards in a season after Jerome Bettis and Eric Dickerson in the Rams 31-23 victory over the Buccaneers. and in their 23-17 victory over the Seattle Seahawks and becoming the second Rams rookie to rush for 1,000 yards and 10 touchdowns since Eric Dickerson in 1983.
The Rams played their final home game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, on December 17, 2015. While the Edward Jones Dome was not at sell out capacity, a sizeable group of Rams fans attended the game, holding signs that read "Keep the Rams in St. Louis." Enthusiastic chants of "Keep the Rams" and "Kroenke Sucks" were heard during and after the game. Despite offensive production from Tampa Bay, the Rams still managed a 31-23 victory with Case Keenum throwing for 234 yards and 2 touchdowns, Todd Gurley rushing 48 yards, Tavon Austin rushing 32 yards and a touchdown, Kenny Britt receiving for 71 yards and 1 touchdown, and Jared Cook receiving for 64 yards. The Rams offense dominated this game as well the defense also put pressure on the Buccaneers quarterback Jameis Winston.
On December 22, 2015, Todd Gurley along with fellow Rams players Aaron Donald and Johnny Hekker were selected to be part of the 2016 Pro Bowl. Gurley was one of three rookies to be selected to the Pro Bowl, along with Chiefs cornerback Marcus Peters and Seahawks wide receiver and kick returner Tyler Lockett. The Rams concluded their season with two road games in the West, winning 23-17 against the Seahawks and losing 19-16 in overtime against the 49ers. Overall, the team finished their final season in St. Louis with a 7-9 record.
Stadium problems; return relocation to Los Angeles[edit]
Main article: Edward Jones Dome § Future
This article is part of series of
Rams NFL franchise history
Cleveland Rams (1936–1945)
Los Angeles Rams (1946–1994)
St. Louis Rams (1995–2015)
Los Angeles Rams (2016–present)
List of seasons
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Stadium issues in St. Louis[edit]
The Rams and the St. Louis CVC began negotiating a deal to get the Rams' home stadium, the Edward Jones Dome, into the top 25 percent of stadiums in the league (i.e., top eight of 32 NFL teams, in reference to luxury boxes, amenities and overall fan experience). Under the terms of the lease agreement, the St. Louis CVC was required to make modifications to the Edward Jones Dome in 2005. However, then-owner Georgia Frontiere waived this provision, in exchange for cash that served as a penalty for the city's noncompliance. The City of St. Louis, in subsequent years, did make changes to the scoreboard and increased the natural lighting by replacing panels with windows, although the overall feel remained dark. The minor renovations which totaled about $70 million did not bring the stadium within the specifications required under the lease agreement, thus keeping the Dome in a state of uncertainty. On February 1, 2013, a three-panel arbitrator selected to preside over the arbitration process found that the Edward Jones Dome was not in the top 25 percent of all NFL venues, as required under the terms of the lease agreement between the Rams and the CVC. The arbitrator further found that the estimated $700 million in proposed renovations by the Rams was not unreasonable, given the terms of the lease agreement. Finally, the City of St. Louis was ordered to pay the Rams' attorney fees which totaled a reported $2 million.[citation needed]
Publicly, no interest was expressed by city, county and state officials in providing further funding to the Edward Jones Dome, in light of those entities (and taxpayers) continuing to owe approximately $300 million on the facility. A resolution was not reached by the end of the 2014 NFL season; therefore, with the City of St. Louis remaining in non-compliance with its obligations under the lease agreement, the Rams were free to nullify the lease and change to a year-to-year lease. Months later, the Rams scheduled a game to be played in London, violating the Edward Jones Dome's terms of lease.[citation needed]
City of Champions Revitilization Initiative; Los Angeles Entertainment Center[edit]
Main article: Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park
On January 31, 2014, both the Los Angeles Times and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that Rams owner Stan Kroenke purchased approximately 60 acres of land adjacent to the Forum in Inglewood, California for a purchase price rumored to be between $90 million and $100 million. Commissioner Roger Goodell represented that Mr. Kroenke informed the league of the purchase. As an NFL owner, any purchase of land in which a potential stadium could be built must be disclosed to the league. Kroenke subsequently announced plans to build an NFL stadium on the site, in connection with the owners of the adjacent 238-acre Hollywood Park site, Stockbridge Capital Group.[18] This development further fueled rumors that the Rams intended to return its management and football operations to Southern California. The land had been originally intended for a Walmart Supercenter, but Walmart could not get the necessary permits to build it. Kroenke is married to Ann Walton Kroenke, who is a member of the Walton family, and many of Kroenke's real estate deals have involved Walmart properties.
On January 5, 2015, the Los Angeles Times reported that Stan Kroenke and Stockbridge Capital Group were partnering up to develop a new NFL stadium on the Inglewood property owned by Kroenke. The project includes a stadium of 80,000 seats, and a performance venue of 6,000 seats, while reconfiguring the previously approved Hollywood Park plan for up to 890,000 square feet of retail, 780,000 square feet of office space, 2,500 new residential units, a 300-room hotel and 25 acres of public parks, playgrounds, open space and pedestrian and bicycle access. The stadium was projected to be ready by 2018.[18] In lieu of this, St. Louis countered with a stadium plan for the north riverfront area of downtown, with the hope of keeping the Rams in the city.[citation needed]
On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved the stadium plan and the initiative, and construction began on the new stadium on December 21, 2015 on the former Hollywood Park site.[19][20][21]
Filing for relocation; Houston meetings[edit]
On January 4, 2016, the St. Louis Rams filed for relocation to move to the Los Angeles area for the 2016 NFL season. They were among three teams (the others being the Oakland Raiders and San Diego Chargers) that had filed for relocation to Los Angeles. All three franchises had previously played in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Weeks later, the NFL owners gathered in Houston for a meeting on January 12 to decide which teams, if any, would win relocation rights to Los Angeles. A few days before the scheduled owners meeting, Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones suggested that the Rams and Chargers share Stan Kroenke's Los Angeles Entertainment Center. This suggestion was taken as a possible option discussed in the Houston meetings. During the Los Angeles meeting, the Committee on Los Angeles Opportunities, which consists of six NFL owners, favored the Carson project over the Rams' Inglewood project. However, in the first round of voting, the Inglewood proposal got the greater amount of votes (21) while the Carson project received far fewer (11). This, however, did not meet the required threshold of 24 votes. In the second round of voting, the Inglewood proposal got 20 votes while the Carson proposal got 12. After hours of trying to reach a compromise, the Rams succeeded and announced their relocation to Los Angeles, effectively ending the team's 21-year tenure in St. Louis. The Chargers organization was given the first option to join the Rams after a year (if they failed to reach a new stadium deal with the city of San Diego); the Chargers exercised this option on January 12, 2017, making Los Angeles home to two NFL franchises again. (Had the Chargers declined to exercise this option, then the Raiders would have had this option).[22][23]
Season Results[edit]
Key[edit]
The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play. Regular and postseason records are combined only at the bottom of the list.
NFL Champions (1920–1969) Super Bowl Champions (1970–present) Conference Champions Division Champions Wild Card Berth One-Game Playoff Berth
Seasons[edit]
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Postseason results
Awards
Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties
St. Louis Rams[24]
1995
1995 NFL NFC West 3rd 7 9 0
1996
1996 NFL NFC West 3rd 6 10 0
1997
1997 NFL NFC West 5th 5 11 0
1998
1998 NFL NFC West 5th 4 12 0
1999
1999 NFL NFC West 1st 13 3 0 Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 49–37
Won Conference Championship (Buccaneers) 11–6
Won Super Bowl XXXIV[25] (3) (vs. Titans) 23–16 Dick Vermeil (COY)
Kurt Warner (MVP)/(SB MVP)
Marshall Faulk (OPOY)
2000
2000 NFL NFC West 2nd 10 6 0 Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Saints) 28–31 Marshall Faulk (MVP)/(OPOY)
2001
2001 NFL NFC West 1st 14 2 0 Won Divisional Playoffs (Packers) 45–17
Won Conference Championship (Eagles) 29–24
Lost Super Bowl XXXVI (vs. Patriots) 17–20 Kurt Warner (MVP)
Marshall Faulk (OPOY)
2002
2002 NFL NFC West 2nd 7 9 0
2003
2003 NFL NFC West 1st 12 4 0 Lost Divisional Playoffs (Panthers) 23–29 (2OT)
2004
2004 NFL NFC West 2nd 8 8 0 Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Seahawks) 27–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Falcons) 17–47
2005
2005 NFL NFC West 2nd 6 10 0
2006
2006 NFL NFC West 2nd 8 8 0
2007
2007 NFL NFC West 4th 3 13 0
2008
2008 NFL NFC West 4th 2 14 0
2009
2009 NFL NFC West 4th 1 15 0
2010
2010 NFL NFC West 2nd 7 9 0 Sam Bradford (OROY)
2011
2011 NFL NFC West 4th 2 14 0
2012
2012 NFL NFC West 3rd 7 8 1
2013
2013 NFL NFC West 4th 7 9 0
2014
2014 NFL NFC West 4th 6 10 0 Aaron Donald (DROY)
2015
2015 NFL NFC West 3rd 7 9 0 Todd Gurley (OROY)
Total
3 Division Titles
2 Conference Titles
Super Bowl XXXIV win
142 193 1 (regular season)[26]
6 4 0 (playoffs)
148
197
1
(regular season and playoffs)[26]
The St. Louis Rams have played a total of 336 Regular Season Games and 10 Playoff Games (346 Games)
Notable players[edit]
Retired numbers[edit]
Numbers that have been retired by the Rams (Includes Players who Played in St. Louis Only):
St. Louis Rams retired numbers
No.
Player
Position
Tenure
28 Marshall Faulk RB 1999–2005
78 Jackie Slater OT 1976–1995
80 Isaac Bruce WR 1994–2007
Pro Football Hall of Famers[edit]
St. Louis Rams Hall of Famers
No.
Player
Class
Position(s)
Tenure
78 Jackie Slater 2001 OT 1976–1995
36 Jerome Bettis 2015 RB 1993–1995
35 Aeneas Williams 2014 FS 2001-2004
28 Marshall Faulk 2011 RB 1999–2006
76 Orlando Pace 2016 OT 1997–2008
13 Kurt Warner 2017 QB 1998-2003
Pro Bowlers[edit]
St. Louis Rams pro bowlers
No.
Player
Position
Years
76 Orlando Pace OT 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
81, 88 Torry Holt WR 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
80 Isaac Bruce WR 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001
28 Marshall Faulk RB 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
13 Kurt Warner QB 1999, 2000, 2001
39 Steven Jackson RB 2006, 2009, 2010
35 Aeneas Williams DB 2001, 2003
10 Marc Bulger QB 2003, 2006
94 Robert Quinn DE 2013, 2014
6 Johnny Hekker P 2013, 2015
99 Aaron Donald DT 2014, 2015
93 Kevin Carter DE 1999
41 Todd Lyght CB 1999
62 Adam Timmerman OG 2001
91 Leonard Little DE 2003
14 Jeff Wilkins K 2003
30 Todd Gurley RB 2015
See also[edit]
History of the Cleveland Rams
History of the Los Angeles Rams
History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
St. Louis Gunners
St. Louis All-Stars
External references[edit]
stlouisrams.com (2013 archive)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ T.J. Simers (April 13, 1995). "NFL Owners OK Rams' Move to St. Louis". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 15 trades in NFL history". NFL.com. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Tomase, John (2008-02-02). "Source: Pats Employee Filmed Rams". Boston Herald. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
Jump up ^ Reiss, Mike (2008-05-13). "Goodell: Walsh says Pats didn't have Super Bowl walk-through tape". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
Jump up ^ "Apology". Boston Herald. 2008-05-14. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
Jump up ^ Pasquarelli, Len (Jan. 19, 2006). Rams to hire Miami coordinator Linehan as coach. ESPN.com. Retrieved 13 September 2006
Jump up ^ Wagoner, Nick (Jan. 23, 2006). Linehan led the Rams to a 3–13 record the following year.Haslett Hired as Defensive Coordinator, Olson Offensive Coordinator Archived 2006-06-21 at the Wayback Machine.. The Official Website of the St. Louis Rams. Retrieved 13 September 2006
Jump up ^ Clayton, John (Jan 24, 2006). Haslett signs on as Rams defensive coordinator. ESPN.com. Retrieved 13 September 2006
Jump up ^ "Former Rams owner Frontiere dies". MSNBC.com Sports. Archived from the original on 20 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
Jump up ^ "Future ownership of Rams in doubt". Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
Jump up ^ Gordon, Jeff (March 25, 2008). "Core must carry Rams through season of change". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Jump up ^ Coats, Bill (2008-12-24). "Shaw steps down, Devaney is promoted by St. Louis Rams". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 2013-02-03.
Jump up ^ Miklasz, Bernie (May 31, 2009). "St. Louis Rams soon will be put up for sale". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009.
Jump up ^ "NFL Team Valuations: #23 St Louis Rams". Forbes. September 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Kroenke opts to try to buy Rams". ESPN.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ Burke, Chris (April 30, 2015). "St. Louis Rams select Todd Gurley No. 10 in 2015 NFL draft". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wagoner, Nick (November 2, 2015). "Todd Gurley sets mark for most yards in first four starts". "ESPN". Retrieved November 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Farmer, Sam; Vincent, Roger (5 January 2015). "Owner of St. Louis Rams plans to build NFL stadium in Inglewood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Wagoner, Nick (February 1, 2014). "Stan Kroenke buys 60 acres in L.A." ESPN. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Piper, Brandie (January 31, 2014). "Report: Rams owner bought 60 acres of land in Calif". KSDK. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Farmer, Sam (January 30, 2014). "A return of L.A. Rams? Owner is said to buy possible stadium site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hanzus, Dan (January 12, 2016). "Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join". NFL.com. National Football League. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rams to Return to Los Angeles". St. Louis Rams. January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ The team had new logo featuring the Gateway Arch National Park, which was known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial at the time, for this season to honor the move to St. Louis
Jump up ^ This game featured The Tackle.
^ Jump up to: a b 1995-2016
Bibliography[edit]
Everson, Linda (1995). St. Louis Rams Facts & Trivia. South Bend: The E.B. Houchin Company. ISBN 0-938313-13-4
Hession, Joseph (1987). The Rams: Five Decades of Football. San Francisco: Foghorn Press.
Hunstein, Jim (2000). How 'Bout Them Rams; A Guide to Rams Football History. St. Louis: Palmerston & Reed. ISBN 0-911921-62-1
LaBlanc, Michael L.; with Ruby, Mary K. (1994). Professional Sports Team Histories: Football. Detroit: Gale Research Inc. ISBN 0-8103-8861-8
Levy, Alan H. (2003). Tackling Jim Crow, Racial Segregation in Professional Football. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co., Inc. ISBN 0-7864-1597-5
Littlewood, Thomas B. (1990). Arch: A Promoter, not a Poet: The Story of Arch Ward. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. ISBN 0-8138-0277-6
Lyons, Robert S. (2010). On Any Given Sunday, A Life of Bert Bell. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-731-2
MacCambridge, Michael (2005). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Anchor Books ISBN 978-0-307-48143-6
McDonough, Will (1994). 75 Seasons: The Complete Story of the National Football League. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc. ISBN 1-57036-056-1
Peterson, Robert W. (1997). Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507607-9
Ross, Charles K. (1999). Outside the Lines: African Americans and the Integration of the National Football League. New York: New York Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8147-7495-4
Strode, Woody; with Young, Sam (1990). Goal Dust. Lanham, Maryland: Madison Books. ISBN 0-8191-7680-X
Sullivan, George (1968). Pro Football's All Time Greats. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 23–28.
Willis, Chris (2010). The Man Who Built the National Football League: Joe F. Carr. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-7669-9
[show]
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Los Angeles Rams
Founded in 1936
Played in Cleveland (1936–45) and St. Louis (1995–2015)
Based in Los Angeles, California
Headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California
Franchise
Franchise
History
in Cleveland
in St. Louis
Seasons
Players
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First-round draft picks
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Stadiums
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League Park
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Culture
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Cheerleaders
Heaven Can Wait (film)
Melonheads
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John Ramsey
Lore
The Greatest Show on Turf
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Fearsome Foursome
"The Tackle"
Rivalries
San Francisco 49ers
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Retired numbers
7
28
29
74
75
78
80
85
Media
Broadcasters
Radio network
KCBS-FM
J.B. Long
D'Marco Farr
Dick Enberg
Wild card berths (8)
1980
1983
1984
1986
1988
1989
2000
2004
Division championships (16)
1945
1949
1967
1969
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1985
1999
2001
2003
2017
Conference championships (6)
1950
1951
1955
1979
1999
2001
League championships (3)
1945
1951
1999 (XXXIV)
Current league affiliations
League: National Football League (1937–present)
Conference: National Football Conference
Division: West Division
Former league affiliation
League: American Football League (1936)
Seasons (82)
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Championship seasons in bold
[show]
v
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St. Louis Rams Super Bowl XXXIV champions
2 Mike Horan
9 Joe Germaine
10 Trent Green
11 Rick Tuten
13 Kurt Warner (MVP)
14 Jeff Wilkins
16 Paul Justin
20 Taje Allen
21 Dexter McCleon
22 Billy Jenkins
23 Devin Bush
24 Ron Carpenter
25 Robert Holcombe
26 Clifton Crosby
28 Marshall Faulk
31 Amp Lee
32 Dré Bly
33 Derrick Harris
35 Keith Lyle
36 Justin Watson
38 Rich Coady
41 Todd Lyght
42 James Hodgins
45 Jeff Robinson
50 Ryan Tucker
51 Lorenzo Styles
52 Mike Jones
54 Todd Collins
56 Charlie Clemons
57 Leonard Little
58 Mike Morton
59 London Fletcher
60 Mike Gruttadauria
61 Tom Nütten
62 Adam Timmerman
63 John Flannery
64 Andy McCollum
71 Cameron Spikes
73 Fred Miller
75 D'Marco Farr
76 Orlando Pace
77 Matt Willig
80 Isaac Bruce
81 Az-Zahir Hakim
82 Tony Horne
83 Chris Thomas
84 Ernie Conwell
86 Roland Williams
87 Ricky Proehl
88 Torry Holt
89 Chad Lewis
90 Jeff Zgonina
91 Troy Pelshak
92 Lionel Barnes
93 Kevin Carter
95 Nate Hobgood-Chittick
96 Jay Williams
98 Grant Wistrom
99 Ray Agnew
-- Bobby Singh
Head coach: Dick Vermeil
Coaches: Steve Brown
John Bunting
Sam Clark
Frank Gansz
Peter Giunta
Carl Hairston
Jim Hanifan
Todd Howard
Mike Martz
John Matsko
Wilbert Montgomery
John Ramsdell
Al Saunders
Lynn Stiles
Mike White
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_St._Louis_Rams&oldid=833907835"
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List of towns and villages in the Scottish Highlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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List of town and villages in the Highlands of Scotland. Note this covers a wider area than just the Highland council area.
Aberfeldy, Perth and Kinross
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire
Achfary, Highland
Alness, Highland
Altnaharra, Highland
Applecross, Highland
Arisaig, Highland
Ardlui, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Arrochar, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Auchtubh, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Auldearn, Highland
Aultbea, Highland
Aviemore, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Avoch, Highland
Back of Keppoch, Highland
Balintore, Highland
Ballachulish, Highland
Ballater, Aberdeenshire, Cairngorms National Park
Balloch, Highland
Balquhidder, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Banavie, Highland
Banchory, Aberdeenshire
Barcaldine, Argyll and Bute
Beauly, Highland
Bettyhill, Highland
Blair Atholl, Perth and Kinross, Cairngorms National Park
Blairgowrie, Perth and Kinross
Boat of Garten, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Bonar Bridge, Highland
Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Cairngorms National Park
Braetongue, Highland
Bridge of Orchy, Argyll and Bute
Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute
Cannich, Highland
Carrbridge, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Castlebay, Na h-Eileanan Siar
Castletown, Highland
Coldbackie, Highland
Cammachmore, Aberdeenshire
Contin, Highland
Cookney, Aberdeenshire
Corpach, Highland
Craighouse, Argyll and Bute
Crieff, Perth and Kinross
Crianlarich, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Cromarty, Highland
Culbokie, Highland
Culloden, Highland
Dalmally, Argyll and Bute
Dalnaspidal, Perth and Kinross
Dalwhinnie, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Dingwall, Highland
Dornie, Highland
Dornoch, Highland
Doune, Stirling
Drumbeg, Sutherland, Highland
Dulnain Bridge, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Dunbeath, Highland
Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross
Dunnet, Highland
Dunoon, Argyll and Bute
Durness, Highland
Elgin, Highland
Evanton, Highland
Edderton, Highland
Farr, Sutherland, Highland
Farr, Strathnairn, Highland
Fort Augustus, Highland
Fort William, Highland
Fortrose, Highland
Gairloch, Highland
Gillock, Highland
Glencoe, Highland
Glenelg, Highland
Glendaruel, Argyll and Bute
Golspie, Highland
Grantown-on-Spey, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Glenfinnan, Highland
Halkirk, Highland
Helmsdale, Highland
Hilton, Highland
Inveraray, Argyll and Bute
Inverasdale, Wester Ross
Inverbeg, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Invergordon, Highland
Invermoriston, Highland
Inverness.[1] Highland
Inveruglas, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
John o' Groats, Highland
Keiss, Highland
Killin, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Kilmartin, Argyll and Bute
Kiltarlity, Highland
Kingussie, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Kinlochbervie, Highland
Kinlocheil, Highland
Kinlochleven, Highland
Kinlochewe, Highland
Kinloch Rannoch, Perth and Kinross
Kyle of Lochalsh, Highland
Laggan, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Lochailort, Highland
Lochcarron, Highland
Lochinver, Highland
Lochranza, North Ayrshire
Lochgoilhead, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Lochearnhead, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Lochgilphead, Argyll and Bute
Lybster, Highland
Mallaig, Highland
Maryculter, Aberdeenshire
Morar, Highland
Muchalls, Aberdeenshire
Muir of Ord, Highland
Nairn, Highland
Netherley, Aberdeenshire
Newtonmore, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
North Connel, Argyll and Bute
North Ballachulish, Highland
Nethy Bridge, Highland, Cairngorms National Park
Oban, Argyll and Bute
Peterculter, Aberdeenshire
Pitlochry, Perth and Kinross
Plockton, Highland
Poolewe, Highland
Portmahomack, Highland
Reay, Highland
Rosemarkie, Highland
Scourie, Highland
Shandwick, Highland
Shieldaig, Highland
South Ballachulish, Highland
Spean Bridge, Highland
Strathpeffer, Highland
Strathy, Highland
Strathyre, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Strontian, Highland
Stornoway, Na h-Eileanan Siar
Tain, Highland
Tarbet, Argyll and Bute, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Tarbert-Harris, Na h-Eileanan Siar
Tarbert-Loch Fyne, Argyll and Bute
Taynuilt, Argyll and Bute
Thurso, Highland
Tighnabruaich, Argyll and Bute
Tobermory, Argyll and Bute
Tomintoul, Moray, Cairngorms National Park
Tongue, Highland
Torridon, Highland
Tullich, Aberdeenshire
Tyndrum, Stirling, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park
Ullapool, Highland
Udny Station, Aberdeenshire
Watten, Highland
Whaligoe, Highland
Wick, Highland
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Declared a city in 2000 as part of the millennial celebrations
City status in the United Kingdom
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Scottish_Highlands&oldid=839881483"
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