text:
List of Call of Duty media
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This is a list of media related to the Call of Duty video game series. The series includes 15 main video games, as well as several side games, released across multiple consoles since 2001 including Microsoft Windows/OS X-based PCs, Nintendo DS, Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Wii, Wii U, Xbox, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. Soundtracks of the music from several of the games have also been released, along with a comic book mini-series based on one of the games
Contents
1 Video games
1.1 By platform
2 Printed media
3 Films
4 References
5 External links
Video games[edit]
Title
Details
Call of Duty

Original release date(s):
NA: October 29, 2003[1]
EU: November 7, 2003
Release years by system:
2003 – Microsoft Windows
2004 – OS X, N-Gage[2]
2009 – Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network
Notes:
First game in the series.
Call of Duty: United Offensive

Original release date(s):
NA: September 14, 2004
EU: September 24, 2004
Release years by system:
2004 – Microsoft Windows, OS X
Notes:
Expansion pack of Call of Duty.
Call of Duty: Finest Hour

Original release date(s):
NA: November 16, 2004
Release years by system:
2004 – PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox
Notes:
First Call of Duty game to be released on home consoles.
Call of Duty 2

Original release date(s):
NA: October 25, 2005
EU: October 25, 2005
Release years by system:
2005 – Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360
2006 – OS X, Mobile phones
Notes:
First Call of Duty game for the Xbox 360.
Call of Duty 2: Big Red One

Original release date(s):
NA: November 1, 2005
Release years by system:
2005 – Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
Notes:
Second and last Call of Duty game for the Nintendo GameCube.
Call of Duty 3

Original release date(s):
NA: November 7, 2006
EU: November 10, 2006
Release years by system:
2006 –PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox, Xbox 360
Notes:
First Call of Duty game for the PlayStation 3 and Wii and last for the Xbox.
Call of Duty: Roads to Victory

Original release date(s):
NA: March 14, 2007
EU: March 30, 2007
Release years by system:
2007 – PlayStation Portable
Notes:
Only Call of Duty game for the PlayStation Portable.
Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare

Original release date(s):
NA: November 6, 2007
EU: November 9, 2007
Release years by system:
2007 – PlayStation 3, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS
2008 – OS X
2009 – Wii[3]
Notes:
First Call of Duty game to be rated Mature by the ESRB.
Call of Duty: World at War

Original release date(s):
NA: November 11, 2008[5]
AU: November 12, 2008[4]
EU: November 14, 2008[5]
Release years by system:
2008 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
Notes:
First Call of Duty game to be rated 18+ by PEGI.
Call of Duty: World at War

Original release date(s):
NA: November 11, 2008
AU: November 12, 2008
EU: November 14, 2008
Release years by system:
2008 – Nintendo DS
Call of Duty: World at War – Final Fronts

Original release date(s):
NA: November 11, 2008
EU: November 14, 2008
Release years by system:
2008 – PlayStation 2
Notes:
Last Call of Duty game for the PlayStation 2.
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

Original release date(s):
NA: November 10, 2009[6]
Release years by system:
2009 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized

Original release date(s):
November 10, 2009
Release years by system:
2009 – Nintendo DS
Call of Duty: Zombies

Original release date(s):
WW: November 16, 2009
Release years by system:
2009 – iOS
Call of Duty: Black Ops

Original release date(s):
November 9, 2010
Release years by system:
2010 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii
2012 – OS X
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3

Original release date(s):
November 8, 2011
Release years by system:
2011 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii
Notes:
Last Call of Duty game on the Nintendo Wii and DS.
Call of Duty: Black Ops – Zombies

Original release date(s):
December 1, 2011
Release years by system:
2011 – iOS
Call of Duty: Black Ops II

Original release date(s):
November 13, 2012
Release years by system:
2012 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, Xbox one
Notes:
First Call of Duty game on the Wii U.
Call of Duty: Black Ops: Declassified

Original release date(s):
November 13, 2012
Release years by system:
2012 – PlayStation Vita
Notes:
First Call of Duty game on the PlayStation Vita.
Call of Duty: Strike Team

Original release date(s):
September 5, 2013
Release years by system:
2013 - [Mobile]
Call of Duty: Ghosts

Original release date(s):[7]
November 5, 2013
Release years by system:
2013 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii U
[7]
Notes:
First Call of Duty game for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and only one since Modern Warfare to be rated 16+ by PEGI.
Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare

Original release date(s):[8]
November 4, 2014
Release years by system:
2014 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One[8]
Notes:
First Call of Duty game to be rated 18+ by PEGI since Black Ops II.
Call of Duty: Black Ops III

Original release date(s):
November 6, 2015
Release years by system:
2015 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
Notes:
Last Call of Duty game to be released on 7th generation consoles.
Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare

Original release date(s):
November 4, 2016
Release years by system:
2016 – Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
Call of Duty: WWII

Original release date(s):
November 3, 2017
Release years by system:
2017 – Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4

Original release date(s):
October 12, 2018
Release years by system:
2018 – Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, PlayStation 4
By platform[edit]
Titles in the Call of Duty series by platform
Title
Computer
Console
Handheld
Microsoft Windows
OS X
GameCube / Wii / Wii U
PlayStation 2 / 3 / 4
Xbox / 360 / One
N-Gage / Mobile phone
Nintendo DS
PlayStation Portable / Vita
Call of Duty Yes[a] Yes[a] No PSN XBLA N-Gage No No
Finest Hour No No GameCube PS2 Xbox No No No
Call of Duty 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes X360 Mobile Yes Yes
Big Red One No No GameCube PS2 Xbox No No No
Call of Duty 3 No No Wii PS2, PS3 X360 No No PSP[b]
Modern Warfare Yes Yes Wii[c] PS3 X360 No Yes No
World at War Yes No Wii PS2,[d] PS3 X360 iOS[e] Yes No
Modern Warfare 2 Yes Yes No PS3 X360 No Yes[f] No
Black Ops Yes Yes Wii PS3 X360 iOS[g] Yes No
Modern Warfare 3 Yes Yes Wii PS3 X360 No Yes[h] No
Black Ops II Yes No Wii U PS3 X360 No No PSV[i]
Strike Team No No No No No iOS, Android No No
Ghosts Yes No Wii U PS3, PS4 X360, XONE No No No
Advanced Warfare Yes No No PS3, PS4 X360, XONE No No No
Black Ops III Yes No No PS3, PS4 X360, XONE No No No
Infinite Warfare Yes No No PS4 XONE No No No
Modern Warfare Remastered Yes No No PS4 XONE No No No
WWII Yes No No PS4 XONE No No No
Black Ops 4 Yes No No PS4 XONE No No No
Notes:
^ Jump up to: a b Call of Duty: United Offensive, an expansion pack for Call of Duty, was also released
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Roads to Victory, based on Call of Duty 3
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex, containing fewer features than its other console counterparts
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: World at War – Final Fronts, containing a different storyline than World at War while retaining the World War II setting
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Zombies, based on the "Zombies" mode of World at War
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Mobilized, containing a different storyline than Modern Warfare 2
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Black Ops – Zombies, based on the "Zombies" mode of Black Ops
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 – Defiance, containing a different storyline than Modern Warfare 3
Jump up ^ Marketed as Call of Duty: Black Ops: Declassified, containing a different storyline than Black Ops II
Printed media[edit]
Title
Release date
ISBN
Media type
Modern Warfare 2: Ghost November 11, 2009 — Comic book series
Notes:
A six-part mini-series set prior to Modern Warfare 2, written by David Lapham with art by Kevin West and Frederic Dallocchio[9]
Films[edit]
Title
Release date
ISBN
Media type
Find Makarov: Operation Kingfish September 2, 2011 — Short film
Notes:
A fan made prequel to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 which was first shown at Call of Duty XP. The video was produced by We Can Pretend, visual effects by The Junction, and was endorsed by Activision.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [http://www.gamersh ll.com/news/9524.html "Call of Duty release date announced"] Check |url= value (help). Gamershell. Retrieved 2007-10-18. line feed character in |url= at position 19 (help)
Jump up ^ Surette, Tim (November 23, 2004). "N-Gage answers the Call of Duty". GameSpot. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
Jump up ^ McWhertor, Michael (2009-08-04). "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Comes To Wii This November". Kotaku. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
Jump up ^ Perdikis, Steven (October 29, 2008). "Call of Duty: World at War - beta client, reporting for duty". Games On Net(Internode). Retrieved 2008-10-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Pearson, Dan (September 5, 2008). "Call of Duty 5 gets Euro date". Euro Gamer. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
Jump up ^ "Modern Warfare 2 Coming November 10, 2009". Activision Publishing, Inc. 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
^ Jump up to: a b Chiappini, Dan (2013-05-22). "Call of Duty: Ghosts will come to PlayStation 4". GameSpot. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Power Changes Everything". Activision. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
Jump up ^ McElroy, Griffin (2009-08-17). "Wildstorm publishing Modern Warfare 2 comic mini-series (update)". Joystiq. Retrieved 2009-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Joystiq: Find Makarov". 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
External links[edit]
Call of Duty official website
hide
v
t
e
Call of Duty
Games
World War II
Call of Duty
United Offensive
2
3
WWII
Modern Warfare
4: Modern Warfare
Nintendo DS version
Remastered
Modern Warfare 2
Mobilized
Controversies
"No Russian"
Modern Warfare 3
Downloadable content
Defiance
Black Ops
World at War
Nintendo DS version
Final Fronts
Zombies
Black Ops
Zombies
Black Ops II
Declassified
Strike Team
Black Ops III
Black Ops 4
Other games
Finest Hour
Big Red One
Roads to Victory
Ghosts
Advanced Warfare
Heroes
Infinite Warfare
Media
Modern Warfare 2: Ghost
Find Makarov: Operation Kingfish
"Not Ready to Die"
"Nightmare"
"Carry On"
"Shepherd of Fire"
"Survival"
Main developers
Infinity Ward
Sledgehammer Games
Treyarch
Raven Software
Related articles
Championship
Elite
Experience 2011
Experience 2016
Captain Price
id Tech 3
IW engine
Soap MacTavish
World League
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Call_of_Duty_media&oldid=864341800"
Categories:
Call of Duty
Video game lists by franchise
Media by franchise
Hidden categories:
CS1 errors: invisible characters
Pages with URL errors
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 16 October 2018, at 16:05 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: b

attrs: href title

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/OS_X
mw-redirect
OS X

values:
/wiki/Nintendo_GameCube
mw-redirect
Nintendo GameCube

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: vertical-align: middle; width: 256px; text-align: center; background-color:transparent;

values: Call of Duty: World at War (Nintendo DS)

attrs: class cellspacing cellpadding border width align style

values:
col
2
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

values: Kevin West (comics) (page does not exist)

values: Frederic Dallocchio (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.gamersh

values:
nofollow
http://kotaku.com/5330124/
external text

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.callofduty.com

values: Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (Nintendo DS)

values: Controversies surrounding Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

values: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 downloadable content

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/List_of_Call_of_Duty_media
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_Call_of_Duty_media rootpage-List_of_Call_of_Duty_media skin-vector action-view


text:
Sweetener (album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
2018 studio album by Ariana Grande
Sweetener
Studio album by Ariana Grande
Released
August 17, 2018 (2018-08-17)
Studio
Various[show]
Glenwood Place (Burbank, California)
Jungle City and Germano (New York City)
Chalice, Conway and East West (Hollywood, California)
MXM and The Lunchtable (Los Angeles, California)
Midnight Blue and South Beach (Miami, Florida)
MXM and Wolf Cousins (Stockholm, Sweden)
District 4-12 (Northridge, California)
Genre
Pop[1]
R&B[2]
trap[3]
Length
47:25
Label
Republic
Producer
Ariana Grande (exec.)
Scooter Braun (exec.)
Charles Anderson
Brian Malik Baptiste
Tommy Brown
Michael Foster
Hit-Boy
Ilya
Max Martin
Pharrell Williams
Ariana Grande chronology
The Best
(2017) Sweetener
(2018)
Singles from Sweetener
"No Tears Left to Cry"
Released: April 20, 2018
"God Is a Woman"
Released: July 13, 2018
"Breathin"
Released: September 18, 2018
Sweetener is the fourth studio album by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on August 17, 2018, through Republic Records.[4] The album is the follow-up to her 2016 studio album, Dangerous Woman, and features guest appearances from Pharrell Williams, Nicki Minaj and Missy Elliott.
The lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", was released on April 20, 2018, and debuted at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. "The Light Is Coming", featuring Minaj, was released as a promotional single on June 20, 2018, along with the pre-order of the album. "God Is a Woman" was released as the second single on July 13, 2018, and peaked at number 8.
The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, becoming her third to reach the top position in the country. It also topped several international album charts, including in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Contents
1 Background
2 Composition
2.1 Music and lyrics
2.2 Songs and lyrical content
3 Promotion
4 Singles
4.1 Promotional singles
5 Critical reception
6 Commercial performance
7 Track listing
8 Personnel
9 Charts
10 Certifications
11 Release history
12 References
Background
On November 13, 2016, Grande stated on Snapchat that she had finished her fourth album. She later clarified by saying, "I didn't mean to make an album, and I don't know if it's done at all, but I just have a bunch of songs that I really really like. I've been working a lot and have been creating and feeling inspired."[5][6] In December 2017, she confirmed that she was still working on the album.[7]
Grande's manager Scooter Braun told Variety that the album has a more mature sound: "It's time for [Ariana] to sing the songs that define her ... Whitney, Mariah, Adele – when they sing, that's their song. Ariana has big vocal moments; it's time for her song."[8] Pharrell Williams told Los Angeles Times: "The things that [Ariana] has to say on this album, it's pretty next-level."[9] Producers Max Martin and Savan Kotecha were later confirmed to have collaborated with Grande in the album.[10] On December 28, 2017, Grande shared several pictures of her in the studio throughout the year.[11] The following week, Grande shared a snippet from the album on her Instagram, which was later revealed to be a track titled "Get Well Soon".[12]
On April 16, 2018, it was reported that Grande may move up the lead single release to April 20, 2018, due to labelmate Post Malone's album being released on April 27.[13] On April 17, 2018, Grande announced that the album's lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", would be released on April 20, 2018.[14]
On The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Grande announced that her album would be called Sweetener. She said the meaning behind the title is "It's kind of about like bringing light to a situation, or to someone's life, or somebody else who brings light to your life, or sweetening the situation."[15] A May 2018 cover article in Time magazine by Sam Lansky notes that, for the first time with this album, Grande "took the lead on writing".[16] In late May 2018, she announced that the album would feature 15 tracks and three collaborations, which are Missy Elliott, Nicki Minaj and Pharrell Williams.[17]
In early June 2018, Grande announced at Wango Tango that the album would be available for pre-order on June 20, and "The Light Is Coming" would be released along with it.[18] The second single, "God Is a Woman", was initially scheduled to be released on July 20, 2018,[19] however, she later moved the release forward a week to July 13.[20] Prior to the album's release, Spencer Kornhaber of The Atlantic commented that the first three singles from the album "sparked with a sense of defiance and rattled mortality ... [a] trifecta of pseudo-spiritualism and sneaky innovation. ... Grande's music and videos radiate [intoxicating, unworried confidence]".[21]
Composition
Music and lyrics
"It's definitely more personal. You know, I feel like 'Dangerous Woman' was a grown-up 'My Everything,' and this is a grown-up 'Yours Truly.'"
— Ariana Grande on the album's sound.[22]
Sweetener consists mostly of pop, R&B, and trap songs that include elements of house, funk, neo soul and hip hop music on its beats and productions.[1][2][23] The melodies and harmonies on the album are diverse and include uptempo songs and many different down tempo sentimental ballads.[24] It explores a diversity of other music genres, including tropical house, EDM, synthpop and minimalist urban influences.[25] Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic stated that the album "deepens the R&B inclinations of 2016's Dangerous Woman."[24] In an interview with Zach Sang she said: "Listen, the thing that I love most about this project sonically, is that all I really did was sing in my sweet lower register".[26]
Songs and lyrical content
The album begins with 38-second a cappella intro, "Raindrops (An Angel Cried)",[27] written by Bob Gaudio and performed by The Four Seasons. The song is known to completely show Grande's vocals.[28] "Blazed" is a high tempo funk-influenced song.[29] It features vocals and background vocals by Pharrell Williams, who also produced the track.[30] She first admitted the name of the song on her Twitter account.[31] Lyrically, it is about "loving someone and being with them."[citation needed] "The Light Is Coming" merges hip hop and R&B elements.[32] Grande sings the lyrics "The light is coming / to give back everything the darkness stole". Which is sung over a "jittery beat" that is used with quick drums and synths.[33][34] It samples a CNN archive clip of a man who is shouting at former senator Arlen Specter at a town hall meeting in Pennsylvania in 2009 concerning healthcare ("You wouldn't let anybody speak for this and instead!").[35][36] Israel Daramola described the song as a "glitchy, thumping" dance record with a sample that highlights Grande's "nursery rhyme-style melody"[37] "R.E.M" is an R&B song that is built over a smooth doo-wop beat.[1] The song's title stands for "rapid eye movement", which is where memorable and vivid dreams occur.[38] In an interview with Jimmy Fallon for the Tonight Show, she admitted that "R.E.M" was her favourite song.[39] She later confirmed on Twitter that "R.E.M." is a song based on Beyoncé's demo titled "Wake Up", a leftover from the singer's 2013 self-titled album.[40]
Missy Elliott (left), Nicki Minaj (middle) and Pharrell Williams (right) all perform, and Williams is a producer, on the album.
The track "God Is a Woman" contains lyrics about female sexual empowerment[41] and spirituality;[42] Time described the song as "an anthemic, sultry banger".[43] a trap-pop song,[44] "God Is a Woman" contains influences of reggae.[45][46] and is performed in the key of E♭ minor with a tempo of 72–76 beats per minute.[47] "Sweetener" (which is the title track) was the first song that Grande recorded for the album, and it features Williams vocals in the background similar to "R.E.M". Being a trap-inspired song,[24] the chorus contains the lyrics "When life deals us cards / Make everything taste like it is salt / Then you come through like the sweetener you are."[48] which symbolises empowerment.[49] "Successful" is a 90s-inspired neo soul song, that has elements of gospel and trap.[24] Lyrically, it's about "girls feeling good about their own individual success."[50] "Everytime" is a "trap-pop" song that contains a pop-rap chorus.[23] "Breathin" is a dance-pop song that contains influences of synthpop.[49][51] It was written by songwriter Peter Svensson.[52] The Independent called the song an "emotional highlight" and that it is a "mental health bop over a good, solid pop beat."[53] Lyrically, it is about Grande's overcoming growth from anxiety.[54]
"No Tears Left To Cry" is a dance-pop and disco song with a UK garage beat.[55][56][1] and was served as the first official single for the album.[57] Lyrically, it is about the Manchester Arena bombing.[58] "Borderline" is a 90s contemporary R&B song features American rapper Missy Elliott.[24] It's one of Grande's favourites on the album.[59] "Better Off" is a power ballad that discusses a toxic relationship that Grande was in with former-boyfriend Mac Miller.[60] "Goodnight n Go" is an EDM song with deep house and tropical influences.[1][24] It contains a sample of "Goodnight and Go", written and performed by Grande's inspiration Imogen Heap.[61][62] In an interview with Billboard Heap said that "it feels like a gift". She went on saying: "When somebody that famous picks up on a song that has had its day and gives it a second life, it's a real gift. I think she's done a lovely version of it."[63] "Pete Davidson" is an interlude of the album and has a trap and hip hop production. Lyrically, it is about her then-fiancé, Pete Davidson.[24][64][65] "Get Well Soon" is a soul-ballad that has a laid back R&B melody.[1] At the end of the song, 40 seconds of silence are played as a tribute to the twenty-two victims of the Manchester Arena bombing, which took place after her concert on May 22, 2017.[66][67]
Promotion
See also: The Sweetener Sessions and Sweetener World Tour
Grande went silent on all social media after sharing a snippet of a song from the album on December 31, 2017.[12] On April 17, 2018, Grande broke her silence by sharing a teaser of the album's lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", which was released on April 20, 2018, alongside its music video. She first performed the song at Coachella later that night, as a guest during the performance of DJ Kygo. Grande announced the title of the album and several song titles on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 1, 2018, shortly before performing "No Tears Left to Cry".[68] She also opened the 2018 Billboard Music Awards with a performance of the song on May 20, 2018.[69] On June 2, 2018, Grande performed at Wango Tango in California, closing her set with a performance of "No Tears Left to Cry" and also sharing a snippet of "The Light Is Coming".[70] On August 8, 2018, three dates were announced for a series of promotional concerts in the United States, titled The Sweetener Sessions, in partnership with American Express.[71]
Grande also announced a world tour in support of the album. The tour, titled Sweetener World Tour is scheduled to begin on March 18, 2019.[72]
Singles
The album's lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", was released on April 20, 2018 alongside its music video.[14] The track debuted at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Grande's ninth Hot 100 top 10 and sixth to debut in the top 10, tying Grande with Lady Gaga and Rihanna in sixth among acts with the most top 10 debuts on the chart.[73] The single made Grande the first artist in the chart's 60-year history to debut in the top 10 with lead single from each of her first four albums.[74]
The second single, "God Is a Woman", was released on July 13, 2018, with its music video premiering 12 hours after the song's release.[19][20] The single debuted at number eleven on the Hot 100 and peaked at number eight, making it Grande's tenth top ten song on the chart and placing her as the twelfth overall artist and seventh female artist with the most Hot 100 top 10s in the 2010s decade.[75][76]
"Breathin" was released to US contemporary hit radio as the third single from the album on September 18, 2018.[77] The song has reached number 22 on the Hot 100.[78]
Promotional singles
A promotional single, "The Light Is Coming", featuring Nicki Minaj, was released on June 20, 2018, along with the pre-order of the album.[18] The song debuted at number 95 on the Billboard Hot 100 and later peaked at number 89, after the release of the album.
Critical reception
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
AnyDecentMusic? 7.5/10[79]
Metacritic 81/100[80]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [24]
The Daily Telegraph [2]
Entertainment Weekly A–[81]
The Guardian [64]
The Independent [82]
The Irish Times [83]
NME [49]
Pitchfork 8.1/10[1]
Rolling Stone [23]
The Times [84]
At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Sweetener has an average score of 81 based on 20 reviews.[80]
In The New York Times, Jon Pareles wrote that Grande's voice "can be silky, breathy or cutting, swooping through long melismas or jabbing out short R&B phrases; it's always supple and airborne, never forced. … Ms. Grande sails above any fray, past or present. Her aplomb is her triumph."[85] Brittany Spanos of Rolling Stone called the album "a refreshing, cohesive package. … [The producers' approach lets] Grande's easy way with trap phrasing find a home next to her flair for Broadway-esque dramatic runs"; it combines "the sensual romance of the album's plentiful love songs and the aching heartbreak of the others." Spanos concludes that it is Grande's "best album yet, and one of 2018's strongest pop releases to date.[23] Kate Solomon of The Independent commented that with music that is "often unexpected, sometimes in a good way, it is an album by an artist in flux – trying to move forward while reluctant to fully relinquish old ideas."[82]
Writing for NME, Douglas Greenwood deemed the album "[a] confident, accomplished, sometimes left-field collection of pop bangers, proving that she's not shy of experimentation." He also commented that "there are a couple of songs on Sweetener that you'd happily leave on the shelf."[49] Similarly, in The Guardian, Alexis Petridis said that "her collaborations with Pharrell really push the boundaries. But they make the rest of this album seem formulaic." He considered the album "uneven", with its attempts to balance out what Grande called a "weird" record. Petridis felt that "the world could use more pop music as imaginative as Sweetener's highlights."[64]
Neil McCormick in The Daily Telegraph felt that "the quality of the songs is high, although there are moments when they might be trying too hard to demonstrate that the teen queen is all grown up now," and argued, "as modern, branded, blockbuster pop albums go, Sweetener is a delightful confection." He commented less favorably about guest rappers Nicki Minaj and Missy Elliott, who "sound like they dialled in clichéd verses for a pay cheque."[2]
Commercial performance
In the United States, Sweetener opened at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 231,000 album-equivalent units, of which 127,000 were from traditional album sales, thus becoming Grande's third number-one album in the United States. It also logged the largest streaming week for a non-hip hop album by a female artist; the songs were streamed 126.7 million times in the album's first week.[86] On the US Billboard Hot 100 chart issue dated September 1, ten songs (nine of which are from Sweetener) appeared simultaneously, placing Grande as the fourth female artist with the most simultaneous entries on the chart by a solo female artist behind Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, and Cardi B.[87] Grande also topped the Artist 100 chart the same week due to album sales and song streams.[88] In its second week, Sweetener dropped to number four moving 75,000 equivalent album units,[89] while in its third week, it fell one position to number five moving an additional 56,000 equivalent album units.[90]
In the United Kingdom, Sweetener debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, moving 45,000 album-equivalent units.[91] It became her second number-one album in the UK, and her fastest selling album to date.[92] Following its release, two album tracks entered the UK Singles Chart as "Breathin" debuted at number 8, and "Sweetener" landed at number 22, while the single "God Is a Woman" ascended six places to number 6.[93]
In Australia, the album became Grande's third number one on the ARIA Albums Chart,[94] with all 15 of its tracks placing on the ARIA Singles Chart in the same week.[95]
Track listing
Sweetener[96][97]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Raindrops (An Angel Cried)" Bob Gaudio
Ilya
Max Martin
0:37
2. "Blazed" (featuring Pharrell Williams) Pharrell Williams Williams 3:16
3. "The Light Is Coming" (featuring Nicki Minaj)
Williams
Onika Maraj
Ariana Grande
Williams 3:48
4. "R.E.M" Williams Williams 4:05
5. "God Is a Woman"
Grande
Ilya Salmanzadeh
Savan Kotecha
Martin
Rickard Göransson
Ilya 3:17
6. "Sweetener"
Williams
Grande
Williams 3:28
7. "Successful" Williams Williams 3:47
8. "Everytime"
Grande
Salmanzadeh
Kotecha
Martin
Martin
Ilya
2:52
9. "Breathin"
Grande
Salmanzadeh
Kotecha
Peter Svensson
Ilya 3:18
10. "No Tears Left to Cry"
Grande
Martin
Kotecha
Salmanzadeh
Martin
Ilya
3:25
11. "Borderline" (featuring Missy Elliott)
Williams
Melissa Elliott
Williams 2:57
12. "Better Off"
Tommy Brown
Chauncey Hollis
Brian Malik Baptiste
Kim "Kaydence" Krysiuk
Grande
Hit-Boy
Brown
Baptiste
2:51
13. "Goodnight n Go"
Imogen Heap
Brown
Charles Anderson
Michael Foster
Grande
Victoria McCants
Brown
Anderson
Foster
3:09
14. "Pete Davidson"
Grande
Brown
Anderson
McCants
Brown
Anderson
1:13
15. "Get Well Soon"
Williams
Grande
Williams 5:22
Total length: 47:25
showJapan bonus tracks[98]
No.
Title
Length
16. "No Tears Left to Cry" (instrumental) 3:25
17. "God Is a Woman" (instrumental) 3:17
showJapan deluxe edition (bonus DVD)[98]
No.
Title
Length
1. "No Tears Left to Cry" (music video) 3:59
2. "The Light Is Coming" (featuring Nicki Minaj; music video) 3:53
Notes
All track titles are stylized in all lowercase, except "R.E.M" and the proper noun "God" in tracks 4 and 5 respectively.
"Raindrops (An Angel Cried)" is a cover of "An Angel Cried", written by Bob Gaudio and performed by The Four Seasons.[99]
"R.E.M" contains a sample elements of Beyoncé's unreleased demo entitled "Wake Up".[100]
"Goodnight n Go" contains a sample of and incorporates lyrics from "Goodnight and Go", written and performed by Imogen Heap.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Sweetener.[101]
Performers and musicians
Ariana Grande – vocals
Pharrell Williams – featured artist (2), additional vocals (4, 6)
Nicki Minaj – featured artist (3)
Missy Elliott – featured artist (11)
Rickard Göransson – guitar (5)
Peter Lee Johnson – strings (12, 14)
Max Martin – bass (8, 10), drums (8, 10), keyboards (8–10), percussion (10)
Ilya Salmanzadeh – background vocals (5, 9), drums (5, 8–10), guitar (5, 9), keyboard (5, 8–10), bass (8–9), percussion (10)
Production
Charles Anderson – production (13–14)
Brian Malik Baptiste – production (12)
Cory Bice – recording engineer assistance (1, 8–10)
Scooter Braun – executive production
Tommy Brown – production (12–14)
Andrew Coleman – recording (2, 4, 6–7, 11), digital editing (2, 4, 6–7, 11), arrangement (2, 4, 6–7, 11)
Kris Crawford – recording assistance (3)
Thomas Cullison – recording assistance (2, 6–7, 11, 15)
Aubrey "Big Juice" Delaine – vocals recording (3)
Jacob Dennis – recording engineer assistance (3, 6)
Scott Desmarais – mix assistance (3)
Corte Ellis – recording (11)
Missy Elliott – recording (11)
Iain Findlay – recording assistance (6)
Robin Florent – mix assistance (3)
Michael Foster – production (13)
Chris Galland – mix assistance (3)
Serban Ghenea – mixing (5, 8–14)
Ariana Grande – executive production
Hart Gunther – recording assistance (7)
John Hanes – mix assistance (5, 8–14)
Hit-Boy – production (12)
Sam Holland – recording (1, 8–10)
Chris Khan – recording assistance (6)
David Kim – recording assistance (6)
Mike Larson – recording (2–4, 6–7, 11, 15), digital editing (2–4, 6–7, 11, 15), arrangement (2–4, 6–7, 11, 15), additional programming (3–4)
Guillermo Lefeld – recording assistance (4)
Jeremy Lertola – recording engineer assistance (1, 8–10)
Manny Marroquin – mixing (3)
Max Martin – production (1, 8, 10), programming (8, 10)
Randy Merrill – mastering
Brendan Morawski – recording engineer assistance (3)
Manny Park – recording assistance (3)
Noah Passovoy – recording (9)
Ramon Rivas – recording engineer assistance (3)
Ilya Salmanzadeh – production (1, 5, 8–10), mixing (1), programming (5, 8–10)
Ben "Bengineer" Sedano – recording assistance (2–3, 6, 11)
Jon Sher – recording assistance (4)
Phil Tan – mixing (2, 4, 6–7, 11, 15)
Pharrell Williams – production (2–4, 6–7, 11, 15)
Bill Zimmerman – additional engineering (2, 4, 6–7, 11, 15)
Artwork
Dave Meyers – photography
Jessica Severn – art direction, design
Charts
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[102]
1
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[103]
4
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[104]
1
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[105]
1
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[106]
1
Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[107]
1
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[108]
2
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[109]
1
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[110]
1
French Albums (SNEP)[111]
2
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[112]
3
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[113]
6
Irish Albums (IRMA)[114]
1
Italian Albums (FIMI)[115]
1
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[116]
5
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[117]
1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[118]
1
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[119]
1
Portuguese Albums (AFP)[120]
1
Scottish Albums (OCC)[121]
1
South Korean Albums (Gaon)[122]
24
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[123]
1
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[124]
1
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[125]
1
UK Albums (OCC)[126]
1
US Billboard 200[86]
1
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
New Zealand (RMNZ)[127]
Gold 7,500^
Sweden (GLF)[128]
Gold 20,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[129]
Gold 100,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Release history
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
Various
August 17, 2018
CD
digital download
streaming
Republic
Island
United Kingdom
August 21, 2018 Cassette Island [130]
Various
October 15, 2018 Republic [131]
November, 2018 LP [132]
References
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Mapes, Jillian. "Ariana Grande: Sweetener Review". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d McCormick, Neil (August 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande, Sweetener review: Out of the darkness came sweetness". The Telegraph. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Leight, Elias (August 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande's Sweetener Proves That Trap Is the New Pop". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Taps Nicki Minaj for New Song "The Light Is Coming": Listen". Pitchfork. 2018-06-20. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Is Already Working On Her Fourth Album". Idolator. 13 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande's Been So 'Inspired' That She Already Made Her Next Album". MTV.
Jump up ^ Rice, Nicholas (December 15, 2017). "Ariana Grande Confirms She's Working On Her Fourth Studio Album". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "From Ariana to Watt: Catching Up With Scooter Braun's 20 Clients as SB Projects Turns 10". November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Diderich, Joelle (November 22, 2017). "Pharrell Williams' latest Adidas Originals collaboration is a super-exclusive pair of co-branded Chanel kicks". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Aswad, Jem (9 April 2018). "Ariana Grande to Drop First Single From New Album on April 27".
Jump up ^ "Is Ariana Grande Collaborating With Aretha Franklin? - MTV UK". MTV.
^ Jump up to: a b Grande, Ariana (December 31, 2017). "See you next year" – via Instagram.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande's New Single "No Tears Left to Cry" Arrives On April 20 (Update)". Headline Planet. 16 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ariana Grande Announces New Song 'No Tears Left to Cry' Out Friday". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Dishes On New Album 'Sweetener' as She Takes Over 'The Tonight Show'". Billboard. May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lansky, Sam (May 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande Is Ready to Be Happy". Time.
Jump up ^ "fifteen ☁". May 29, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Criswell, Josh (June 2, 2018). "Ariana Grande Reveals 'Sweetener' Album Pre-Order Date". iHeartRadio. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ariana Grande on Twitter". Retrieved July 12, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Tornow, Sam (July 12, 2018). "Ariana Grande Pushes 'God Is A Woman' Release Date Up: 'Surprise'". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Kornhaber, Spencer. "What Is Ariana Grande Doing?", The Atlantic, July 18, 2018
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Talks New Album 'Sweetener,' Says 'It's Definitely More Perseonal". Tigerbeat. August 24, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Spanos, Brittany (August 20, 2018). "Review: Ariana Grande Finds Serenity and Has Some Fun on Sweetener". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Sweetener- Ariana Grande". AllMusic. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Can Ariana Grande Save Pop Music from Itself?". Cosmopolotion. August 18, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Talks Sweetener, Pete Davidson & Nicki Minaj". Zach Sang. August 17, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener by Ariana Grande on Spotify". Spotify. August 17, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Farley, Rebecca (May 2, 2018). "Everything We Know About Ariana Grande's New Album Sweetener". Refinery29. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Taylor (August 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande's Sweetener: A Track-by-Track Review". Pride. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Aniftos, Rania (August 17, 2018). "Pharrell on Working With Ariana Grande on 'Sweetener': 'She Really Unzipped'". Billboard. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Grande, Ariana (May 30, 2018). "the one with P isss called Blazed". Twitter. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Links With Nicki Minaj On 'The Light Is Coming'". Clash Music. June 20, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Taps Nicki Minaj for New Song "The Light Is Coming": Listen". Pitchfork. June 20, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hear Ariana Grande Tap Nicki Minaj for Snappy 'The Light Is Coming'". Rolling Stone. June 20, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Who Is The Man Sampled On Ariana Grande's 'The Light Is Coming'?". PopBuzz. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande's 'The Light Is Coming' Contains a Prominent Voice Sample With a Political Message". Billboard. June 21, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Daramola, Israel. "Ariana Grande's 'The Light Is Coming' Is Hypnotic and Wonderfully Bizarre", Spin, June 22, 2018
Jump up ^ "REM SLEEP – TYPES AND STAGES OF SLEEP". How Sleep Occurs. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Predicted She Would Marry Pete Davidson Three Years Ago". YouTube. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande's "REM" is a flip of a leaked Beyoncé song". Fader. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Spanos, Britanny. "Watch Ariana Grande's Cosmic New Lyric Video for 'God Is a Woman'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Neid, Mike. "Ariana Grande's "God Is A Woman" Is A Sexually Liberated Bop". Idolator. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lansky, Sam (May 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande Is Ready to Be Happy". Time. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hugh, McIntyre. "Ariana Grande Raps And Sings On Cool New Hip-Hop/Pop Hybrid Single 'God Is A Woman'". Forbes. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rolli, Bryan. "Review: Ariana Grande's 'God Is A Woman' Might Just Be The Song Of The Summer". Forbes. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Reminds Us That 'God Is a Woman'". Paper Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande "God Is a Woman" Sheet Music in Eb Minor". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande "Sweetener"". Genius. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Ariana Grande – 'Sweetener' review". NME.
Jump up ^ ""girls feeling good about their own individual success."". Twitter. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Premature Evaluation: Ariana Grande Sweetener". Stereogum. August 17, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sweetener (CD). Ariana Grande. Republic Records. 2018. p. 5. B0028815-02.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande, Sweetener review: A portrait of an artist in flux". The Independent. August 17, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Predicted She Would Marry Pete Davidson Three Years Ago". YouTube. August 16, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caramanica, Jon (April 20, 2018). "The Playlist: Prince's Own 'Nothing Compares 2 U,' and 12 More New Songs". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ He, Richard S. (April 27, 2018). "Every Ariana Grande Song, Ranked". Billboard. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Savage, Mark (April 20, 2018). "No Tears Left To Cry: Ariana Grande's uplifting new single alludes to Manchester". BBC Music. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Briones, Issis (September 27, 2017). "48 Hours in Hong Kong With Ariana Grande". Billboard. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Replying to @sweetaner @bedwithgrande". Twitter. June 17, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener by Ariana Grande on iTunes". Apple Music. August 17, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Taylor (September 17, 2018). "Ariana Grande's Sweetener: A Track-by-Track Review". Pride. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Grande, Ariana (June 7, 2018). "issa remix & a cover w a few new parts". Twitter. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Ilana (August 24, 2018). "Imogen Heap Talks Ariana Grande's Version of 'Goodnight and Go': 'It's a Real Gift'". Billboard. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Petridis, Alexis. "Ariana Grande: Sweetener review – pop's ponytailed paragon gets weird". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Hinzman, Denis (August 17, 2018). "Track-by-Track Review: Ariana Grande's Sweetener Does Not Disappoint". OUT. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Barbour, Shannon (August 17, 2018). "Fans Think Ariana Grande's New Song "Get Well Soon" Is a Tribute to the Manchester Bombing Victims". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rincón, Alessandra (August 17, 2018). "Fans Speculate Ariana Grande's Sweetener Track "Get Well Soon" Is 5:22 Long to Honor Manchester Attack". Billboard. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Blais-Billie, Braudie; Minsker, Evan (May 1, 2018). "Watch Ariana Grande Cover Kendrick in the Style of Evanescence on "Fallon"". Pitchfork.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (May 20, 2018). "Ariana Grande Opens the Billboard Music Awards With Fiery Performance of 'No Tears Left to Cry'". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Performs 'The Light is Coming' for the First Time Live: Watch". Billboard. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Rita (August 8, 2018). "Ariana Grande Announces Intimate 'Sweetener Sessions' in New York City, Los Angeles & Chicago". Billboard. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Announces 'Sweetener' World Tour: See the Dates". Billboard. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
Jump up ^ Zellner, Xander (April 30, 2018). "Ariana Grande Scores 9th Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 With 'No Tears Left to Cry'". Billboard. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (April 30, 2018). "Drake Leads Billboard Hot 100, Ariana Grande Arrives at No. 3 & J. Cole Collects Record Three Debuts in Top 10". Billboard. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (July 16, 2018). "Drake's 'In My Feelings' Tops Billboard Hot 100 for Second Week With Record-Breaking 116.2 Million U.S. Streams". billboard. Retrieved August 28, 2018. Just outside the Hot 100's top 10, Ariana Grande launches at No. 11 with "God Is a Woman," the official follow-up single to "Tears" from her album Sweetener, due Aug. 17. Following the July 13 premiere of its official video, "God" starts at No. 4 on Digital Song Sales (42,000) and No. 8 on Streaming Songs (26.5 million).
Jump up ^ Anderson, Trevor (August 27, 2018). "Drake's 'In My Feelings' Leads Billboard Hot 100 for Seventh Week, Ariana Grande's 'God Is A Woman' Hits Top 10". Billboard. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40/M Future Releases - Mainstream Hit Songs Being Released and Their Release Dates". All Access. September 18, 2018. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener by Ariana Grande reviews". Any Decent Music. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Reviews for Sweetener by Ariana Grande". Metacritic. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande's Sweetner is a sneakily complex pop album". Entertainment Weekly.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ariana Grande, Sweetener review: A portrait of an artist in flux". The Independent.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande: Sweetener – celebrating the art of being okay". The Irish Times.
Jump up ^ Hodgkinson, Will. "Pop review: Ariana Grande: Sweetener". The Times.
Jump up ^ Pareles, Jon (August 29, 2018). "Ariana Grande Sails Above Sorrow on Sweetener". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Caulfield, Keith (August 26, 2018). "Ariana Grande Earns Third No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Sweetener'". Billboard. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zellner, Xander (August 27, 2018). "Ariana Grande Earns 10th Top 10 Hit, Lands 10 Songs on Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zellner, Xander (August 28, 2018). "Ariana Grande Returns to No. 1 On the Artist 100 Chart, Aretha Franklin Reaches No. 2". Billboard. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (September 2, 2018). "BTS Scores Second No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Love Yourself: Answer'". Billboard. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (September 9, 2018). "Eminem Earns Ninth No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Kamikaze'". Billboard. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/ariana-grandes-sweetener-earns-her-a-second-number-1-on-the-official-albums-chart-im-so-grateful-__23727/
Jump up ^ http://www.mtv.co.uk/ariana-grande/news/ariana-grande-sweetener-uk-album-chart-number-1
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100: 24 August 2018 – 30 August 2018". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener lands Ariana Grande third #1 album". Australian Recording Industry Association. August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Chart Watch #487". auspOp. August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sweetener (booklet). Ariana Grande. New York City: Republic Records. 2018. B002881502.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener by Ariana Grande". Tidal. Canada. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "アリアナ・グランデ『Sweetener』特設サイト". Universal Music Japan. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Farley, Rebecca (May 2, 2018). "Everything We Know About Ariana Grande's New Album Sweetener". Refinery29. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hussein, Wandera (July 30, 2018). "Ariana Grande's "REM" is a flip of a leaked Beyoncé song". Fader (thefader.com). Retrieved September 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sweetener (Media notes). Ariana Grande. Republic Records. 2018.
Jump up ^ "Australiancharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Czech Albums – Top 100". ČNS IFPI. Note: On the chart page, select 201834 on the field besides the word "Zobrazit", and then click over the word to retrieve the correct chart data. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande: Sweetener" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums – SNEP (Week 34, 2018)". SNEP. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 album DVD és válogatáslemez-lista – 2018. 34. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Ariana Grande". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Oricon Top 50 Albums: 2018-08-27" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gaon Album Chart – Week 36, 2018" (in Korean). Gaon. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Hung Medien. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande – Sweetener" (in Swedish). Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "British album certifications – Ariana Grande – Sweetener". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Sweetener in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "Ariana Grande - Sweetener". Universal Music Group.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener Cassette + Album – Ariana Grande Official Store". Universal Music Group.
Jump up ^ "Sweetener Vinyl + Album – Ariana Grande Official Store". Universal Music Group.
show
v
t
e
Ariana Grande
Discography
Awards and nominations
Songs
Live performances
Studio albums
Yours Truly
My Everything
Dangerous Woman
Sweetener
EPs and compilations
Christmas Kisses
The Remix
Christmas & Chill
The Best
Singles
"Put Your Hearts Up"
"The Way"
"Baby I"
"Right There"
"Problem"
"Break Free"
"Bang Bang"
"Love Me Harder"
"Santa Tell Me"
"One Last Time"
"E Più Ti Penso"
"Focus"
"Dangerous Woman"
"Into You"
"Side to Side"
"Everyday"
"Beauty and the Beast"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
"No Tears Left to Cry"
"God Is a Woman"
"Breathin"
Promotional singles
"Almost Is Never Enough"
"Best Mistake"
"Be Alright"
"Let Me Love You"
"The Light Is Coming"
Featured singles
"Popular Song"
"All My Love"
"Adore"
"Boys Like You"
"Over and Over Again"
"Research"
"My Favorite Part"
"Faith"
"Heatstroke"
"Dance to This"
"Bed"
Other songs
"Greedy"
"Goodnight n Go"
"Get Well Soon"
Concert tours
The Listening Sessions
The Honeymoon Tour
Dangerous Woman Tour
The Sweetener Sessions
Sweetener World Tour
Related articles
Frankie Grande
One Love Manchester
Book
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweetener_(album)&oldid=866469512"
Categories:
2018 albums
Albums produced by Ilya Salmanzadeh
Albums produced by Max Martin
Albums produced by Pharrell Williams
Ariana Grande albums
Republic Records albums
Hidden categories:
CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)
CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
Wikipedia semi-protected pages
Articles with short description
Articles with hAudio microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018
Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand
Certification Table Entry usages for Sweden
Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
13 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 October 2018, at 14:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This article is semi-protected until February 15, 2019.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

attrs: class style

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background-color: lightsteelblue

value: tr

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: span

values: font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;

values:
/wiki/Northridge,_California
mw-redirect
Northridge, California

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse

values:
/wiki/Studio_album
mw-redirect
Studio album

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: width:35%; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;

values:
/wiki/Trap_music_(hip_hop)
mw-redirect
Trap music (hip hop)

values:
/wiki/Dangerous_Woman_(album)
mw-redirect
Dangerous Woman (album)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;

values:
/wiki/Power_ballad
mw-redirect
Power ballad

values: Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival

values: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: float:right;clear:right;width:24.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0

values:
tlheader mbox-text
5
text-align:left;background-color:#fff

values: padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:right;background-color:#eee

values:
tlheader mbox-text
3
text-align:left;background-color:#fff

values: display: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: display: none; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);

values: tracklist collapsible collapsed mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

values: Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique

values: Association of Hungarian Record Companies

values: Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry

values: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

attrs: scope data-sort-type class tabindex role title

values:
col
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Pitchfork_Media
mw-redirect
Pitchfork Media

values:
nofollow
external text
https://instagram.com/p/BdZINXLHo9T

values:
nofollow
external text
https://genius.com/15203727

values: Australian Recording Industry Association

values:
nofollow
external text
https://listen.tidal.com/album/93636397

values:
/wiki/Polish_Music_Charts
mw-redirect
Polish Music Charts

values:
nofollow
https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/
external text

values:
Ariana_Grande
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: List of awards and nominations received by Ariana Grande

values: List of live performances by Ariana Grande

values:
*Discography
*Awards_and_nominations
*Songs
*Live_performances

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: Bang Bang (Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj song)

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Albums produced by Ilya Salmanzadeh

values: Category:Albums produced by Pharrell Williams

values: Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)

values: Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for New Zealand

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Sweden

values: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Sweetener_(album)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: سويتنر (ألبوم) – Arabic

values:
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Greek
el
el
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: شیرین‌کننده (آلبوم) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Armenian
hy
hy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Russian
ru
ru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values:
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetener
Sweetener – Serbian
sr
sr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sweetener_album rootpage-Sweetener_album skin-vector action-view


text:
Rosemary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Rosemary (disambiguation).
Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosemary
Flowering rosemary
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Rosmarinus
Species: R. officinalis
Binomial name
Rosmarinus officinalis
L.[1]
Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region.
It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which includes many other herbs. The name "rosemary" derives from the Latin for "dew" (ros) and "sea" (marinus), or "dew of the sea".[2] The plant is also sometimes called anthos, from the ancient Greek word ἄνθος, meaning "flower".[3] Rosemary has a fibrous root system.
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 Description
3 Mythology
4 Usage
4.1 Cultivation
4.1.1 Cultivars
4.2 Culinary use
4.3 Fragrance
4.4 Phytochemicals and traditional medicine
4.5 Folklore and customs
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Taxonomy[edit]
Rosmarinus officinalis is one of 2–4 species in the genus Rosmarinus.[4] The other species most often recognized is the closely related, Rosmarinus eriocalyx, of the Maghreb of Africa and Iberia. The genus was named by the 18th-century naturalist and founding taxonomist Carl Linnaeus.
Description[edit]
Illustration from Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Rosmarinus officinalis prostratus
Rosmarinus officinalis – MHNT
Rosemary illustration from an Italian herbal, circa 1500
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil
Rosemary is an aromatic evergreen shrub with leaves similar to hemlock needles. It is native to the Mediterranean and Asia, but is reasonably hardy in cool climates. It can withstand droughts, surviving a severe lack of water for lengthy periods.[5] Forms range from upright to trailing; the upright forms can reach 1.5 m (5 ft) tall, rarely 2 m (6 ft 7 in). The leaves are evergreen, 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long and 2–5 mm broad, green above, and white below, with dense, short, woolly hair. The plant flowers in spring and summer in temperate climates, but the plants can be in constant bloom in warm climates; flowers are white, pink, purple or deep blue.[6] Rosemary also has a tendency to flower outside its normal flowering season; it has been known to flower as late as early December, and as early as mid-February (in the northern hemisphere).[7]
Mythology[edit]
According to myth, the Virgin Mary is said to have spread her blue cloak over a white-blossomed rosemary bush when she was resting, and the flowers turned blue. The shrub then became known as the "Rose of Mary".[8] Rosemary was considered sacred to ancient Egyptians, Romans and Greeks.[9]
Usage[edit]
Upon cultivation, the leaves, twigs, and flowering apices are extracted for use.[9] Rosemary is used as a decorative plant in gardens where it may have pest control effects. The leaves are used to flavor various foods, such as stuffings and roast meats.
Cultivation[edit]
Since it is attractive and drought-tolerant, rosemary is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and for xeriscape landscaping, especially in regions of Mediterranean climate. It is considered easy to grow and pest-resistant. Rosemary can grow quite large and retain attractiveness for many years, can be pruned into formal shapes and low hedges, and has been used for topiary. It is easily grown in pots. The groundcover cultivars spread widely, with a dense and durable texture.
Rosemary grows on friable loam soil with good drainage in an open, sunny position. It will not withstand waterlogging and some varieties are susceptible to frost. It grows best in neutral to alkaline conditions (pH 7–7.8) with average fertility. It can be propagated from an existing plant by clipping a shoot (from a soft new growth) 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, stripping a few leaves from the bottom, and planting it directly into soil.
Cultivars[edit]
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following are frequently sold:
'Albus' – white flowers
'Arp' – leaves light green, lemon-scented and especially cold-hardy
'Aureus' – leaves speckled yellow
'Benenden Blue' – leaves narrow, dark green
'Blue Boy' – dwarf, small leaves
'Blue Rain' – pink flowers
'Golden Rain' – leaves green, with yellow streaks
'Gold Dust' -dark green leaves, with golden streaks but stronger than 'Golden Rain'
'Haifa' – low and small, white flowers
'Irene' – low and lax, trailing, intense blue flowers
'Lockwood de Forest' – procumbent selection from 'Tuscan Blue'
'Ken Taylor' – shrubby
'Majorica Pink' – pink flowers
'Miss Jessop's Upright' – distinctive tall fastigiate form, with wider leaves.
'Pinkie' – pink flowers
'Prostratus' – lower groundcover
'Pyramidalis' (or 'Erectus') – fastigate form, pale blue flowers
'Remembrance' (or 'Gallipoli') – taken from the Gallipoli Peninsula[10]
'Roseus' – pink flowers
'Salem' – pale blue flowers, cold-hardy similar to 'Arp'
'Severn Sea' – spreading, low-growing, with arching branches, flowers deep violet
'Sudbury Blue' – blue flowers
'Tuscan Blue' – traditional robust upright form
'Wilma's Gold' – yellow leaves
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
'Miss Jessop's upright'[11]
'Severn Sea'[12]
'Sissinghurst blue'[13]
'Benenden blue'[14]
Culinary use[edit]
Dried rosemary leaves
Rosemary leaves are used as a flavoring in foods such as stuffings and roast lamb, pork, chicken and turkey. Fresh or dried leaves are used in traditional Mediterranean cuisine. They have a bitter, astringent taste and a characteristic aroma which complements many cooked foods. Herbal tea can be made from the leaves. When roasted with meats or vegetables, the leaves impart a mustard-like aroma with an additional fragrance of charred wood compatible with barbecued foods.
In amounts typically used to flavor foods, such as one teaspoon (1 gram), rosemary provides no nutritional value.[15][16] Rosemary extract has been shown to improve the shelf life and heat stability of omega 3-rich oils which are prone to rancidity.[17]
Fragrance[edit]
Rosemary oil is used for purposes of fragrant bodily perfumes or to emit an aroma into a room. It is also burnt as incense, and used in shampoos and cleaning products.
Phytochemicals and traditional medicine[edit]
Rosemary contains a number of phytochemicals, including rosmarinic acid, camphor, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol.[18]
In traditional medicine, extracts and essential oil from flowers and leaves are used in the belief they may be useful to treat a variety of disorders.[18] Rosemary essential oil contains 10-20% camphor,[19] though the chemical composition can vary greatly between different samples, according to in vitro studies.[20]
Folklore and customs[edit]
In the Middle Ages, rosemary was associated with wedding ceremonies. The bride would wear a rosemary headpiece and the groom and wedding guests would all wear a sprig of rosemary. From this association with weddings, rosemary was thought to be a love charm.[21]
Rosemary has long had a popular reputation for improving memory. The Guardian reported in 2017 that sales of Rosemary oil to students in the UK studying for exams had skyrocketed because of Rosemary's perceived benefits to memory.[22]
The plant has also been used as a symbol for remembrance during war commemorations and funerals in Europe and Australia.[23] Mourners would throw it into graves as a symbol of remembrance for the dead. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Ophelia says, "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance." (Hamlet, iv. 5.) In Australia, sprigs of rosemary are worn on ANZAC Day and sometimes Remembrance Day to signify remembrance; the herb grows wild on the Gallipoli Peninsula.[23]
Hungary water was first prepared for the Queen of Hungary Elisabeth of Poland to " ... renovate vitality of paralyzed limbs ... " and to treat gout. It was used externally and prepared by mixing fresh rosemary tops into spirits of wine.[24] Don Quixote (Part One, Chapter XVII) mixes it in his recipe of the miraculous balm of Fierabras.[25]
See also[edit]
Four thieves vinegar
Scented water
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Rosmarinus officinalis information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
Jump up ^ Room, Adrian (1988). A Dictionary of True Etymologies. Taylor & Francis. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-415-03060-1.
Jump up ^ "The month." The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions: A Weekly Record of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. Published by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. April 1887. 804–804
Jump up ^ Rosselló, J. A.; Cosín, R.; Boscaiu, M.; Vicente, O.; Martínez, I.; Soriano, P. (2006). "Intragenomic diversity and phylogenetic systematics of wild rosemaries (Rosmarinus officinalis L. S.l., Lamiaceae) assessed by nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (ITS)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 262: 1. doi:10.1007/s00606-006-0454-5.
Jump up ^ "How to grow the herb rosemary". GardenAction. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Rosemary. BHG.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ McCoy, M. "Rosemary and its irritating growth habits". The Gardenist. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rosemary". ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld) Incorporated. 1988. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Burlando, B; Verotta, L; Cornara, L; Bottini-Massa, E (2010). Herbal Principles in Cosmetics Properties and Mechanisms of Action. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-4398-1214-3.
Jump up ^ Rosemary. Gardenclinic.com.au. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Rosmarinus officinalis 'Miss Jessop's Upright' AGM. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Rosmarinus officinalis 'Severn Sea' AGM. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Rosmarinus officinalis 'Sissinghurst Blue' AGM. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Rosmarinus officinalis var. angustissimus 'Benenden Blue' AGM. Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Nutrition Facts – Dried rosemary, one teaspoon (1 g)". nutritiondata.com. Conde Nast, USDA Nutrient Database, version SR-21. 2014.
Jump up ^ "USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference". NAL.usda.gov. US Department of Agriculture. 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Oregano, rosemary extracts promise omega-3 preservation". 2007-11-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Vallverdú-Queralt, A; Regueiro, J; Martínez-Huélamo, M; Rinaldi Alvarenga, J. F.; Leal, L. N.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. (2014). "A comprehensive study on the phenolic profile of widely used culinary herbs and spices: Rosemary, thyme, oregano, cinnamon, cumin and bay". Food Chemistry. 154: 299–307. PMID 24518346. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.106.
Jump up ^ "Rosemary". Drugs.com. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Rašković, Aleksandar (7 July 2014). "Antioxidant activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil and its hepatoprotective potential". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. US Nat'l Institutes of Health. 14: 225. PMC 4227022  . PMID 25002023. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-225. It should be emphasized that there have been considerable variations in the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from rosemary
Jump up ^ "History, Myths and Legends of Aromatherapy – Rosemary".
Jump up ^ Emine Saner (2017-05-23). "Rosemary: the mind-bending herb of choice for today's students". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rosemary". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rosemary". SuperbHerbs.net.
Jump up ^ Capuano, Thomas (2005). "Las huellas de otro texto médico en Don Quijote: Las virtudes del romero". Romance Notes. 45 (3): 303–310.
External links[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to: Rosmarinus officinalis
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Rosemary
Media related to Rosmarinus officinalis at Wikimedia Commons
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "rosemary". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Rosemary List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)
History of Rosemary
Description of characteristics, from Flora of China
[show]
v
t
e
Culinary herbs and spices
[show]
Herbs
Angelica
Basil
holy
Thai
Bay leaf
Indian bay leaf (tejpat)
Boldo
Borage
Chervil
Chives
garlic / Chinese
Cicely
Coriander leaf / Cilantro
Bolivian
Vietnamese (rau răm)
Culantro
Cress
Curry leaf
Dill
Epazote
Hemp
Hoja santa
Houttuynia cordata (giấp cá)
Hyssop
Jimbu
Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
Kkaennip
Lavender
Lemon balm
Lemon grass
Lemon myrtle
Lemon verbena
Limnophila aromatica (rice-paddy herb)
Lovage
Marjoram
Mint
Mugwort
Mitsuba
Oregano
Parsley
Perilla
Rosemary
Rue
Sage
Savory
Sanshō leaf
Shiso
Sorrel
Tarragon
Thyme
Woodruff
[show]
Spices
Aonori (ground seaweed)
Ajwain
Allspice
Amchoor (mango powder)
Anise
star
Asafoetida
Camphor
Caraway
Cardamom
black
Cassia
Celery powder
Celery seed
Charoli
Chenpi
Cinnamon
Clove
Coriander seed
Cubeb
Cumin
Nigella sativa
Bunium persicum
Deulkkae
Dill / Dill seed
Fennel
Fenugreek
blue
Fingerroot (krachai)
Galangal
greater
lesser
Garlic
Ginger
Aromatic ginger (kencur)
Golpar
Grains of Paradise
Grains of Selim
Horseradish
Juniper berry
Kokum
Korarima
Dried lime
Liquorice
Litsea cubeba
Mace
Mango-ginger
Mastic
Mahleb
Mustard
black
brown
white
Nigella (kalonji)
Njangsa
Nutmeg
Pomegranate seed (anardana)
Poppy seed
Radhuni
Rose
Saffron
Salt
Sarsaparilla
Sassafras
Sesame
Shiso seeds / berries
Sumac
Tamarind
Tonka bean
Turmeric
Uzazi
Vanilla
Voatsiperifery
Wasabi
Yuzu zest
Zedoary
Zereshk
Zest
Peppers
Alligator
Brazilian
Chili
Cayenne
Paprika
Long
Peruvian
Sichuan (huājiāo)
Japanese pricklyash
Tasmanian
Peppercorn (black / green / white)
[show]
Mixtures
Adjika
Advieh
Baharat
Beau monde seasoning
Berbere
Bouquet garni
Buknu
Chaat masala
Chaunk
Chili powder
Cinnamon sugar
Crab boil
Curry powder
Doubanjiang
Douchi
Duqqa
Fines herbes
Five-spice powder
Garam masala
Garlic powder
Garlic salt
Gochujang
Harissa
Hawaij
Herbes de Provence
Idli podi
Jamaican jerk spice
Khmeli suneli
Lemon pepper
Mitmita
Mixed spice
Montreal steak seasoning
Mulling spices
Old Bay Seasoning
Onion powder
Panch phoron
Persillade
Powder-douce
Pumpkin pie spice
Qâlat daqqa
Quatre épices
Ras el hanout
Recado rojo
Sharena sol
Shichimi
Tabil
Tandoori masala
Vadouvan
Yuzukoshō
Za'atar
[show]
Lists and related topics
Lists of herbs and spices
Culinary
Australian
Bangladeshi
Indian
Pakistani
Related topics
Chinese herbology
Herbal tea
Marination
Spice rub
[show]
v
t
e
Medicinal herbs and fungi
Herbs
Alfalfa
Aloe vera
Anise
Asthma-plant
Astragalus
Cannabis
medical use
Caraway
Cardamom
Chamomille
Chaparral
Fenugreek
Feverfew
Flaxseed
Ginger
Ginkgo
Ginseng
Goldenseal
Lemon balm
Liquorice
Marigold
Marsh-mallow
Neem
Opium poppy
Oregano
Peppermint
Purple coneflower
Rosemary
Sage
Star anise
Summer savory
Tea tree oil
Thyme
Turmeric
Umckaloabo
Valerian
Verbena
White willow
Yarrow
Za'atar
Fungi
Almond mushroom
Chaga mushroom
Lingzhi mushroom
Maitake
Meshima
Morel mushroom
Shiitake
Regional practices
Chinese herbology
Indian herbology
Islamic herbology
Japanese herbology
Korean herbology
Related subjects
Alternative medicine
Doctrine of signatures
Herb garden
Herbal
Herbal tea
Herbalism
Homeopathy
Medicinal plants
List of plants used in herbalism
[show]
v
t
e
TRP channel modulators
TRPA
Activators
4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Oxo-2-nonenal
4,5-EET
12S-HpETE
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2
α-Sanshool (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
Acrolein
Allicin (garlic)
Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard, radish, horseradish, wasabi)
AM404
Bradykinin
Cannabichromene (cannabis)
Cannabidiol (cannabis)
Cannabigerol (cannabis)
Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)
CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
Curcumin (turmeric)
Dehydroligustilide (celery)
Diallyl disulfide
Dicentrine (Lindera spp.)
Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
Formalin
Gingerols (ginger)
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Hydrogen peroxide
Icilin
Isothiocyanate
Ligustilide (celery, Angelica acutiloba)
Linalool (Sichuan pepper, thyme)
Methylglyoxal
Methyl salicylate (wintergreen)
N-Methylmaleimide
Nicotine (tobacco)
Oleocanthal (olive oil)
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
PF-4840154
Phenacyl chloride
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper)
Shogaols (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
Tear gases
Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis)
Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion)
Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica)
WIN 55,212-2
Blockers
Dehydroligustilide (celery)
Nicotine (tobacco)
Ruthenium red
TRPC
Activators
Adhyperforin (St John's wort)
Diacyl glycerol
GSK1702934A
Hyperforin (St John's wort)
Substance P
Blockers
DCDPC
DHEA-S
Flufenamic acid
GSK417651A
GSK2293017A
Meclofenamic acid
N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
Niflumic acid
Pregnenolone sulfate
Progesterone
Pyr3
Tolfenamic acid
TRPM
Activators
ADP-ribose
BCTC
Calcium (intracellular)
Cold
Coolact P
Cooling Agent 10
CPS-369
Eucalyptol (eucalyptus)
Frescolat MGA
Frescolat ML
Geraniol
Hydroxycitronellal
Icilin
Linalool
Menthol (mint)
PMD 38
Pregnenolone sulfate
Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens)
Steviol glycosides (e.g., stevioside) (Stevia rebaudiana)
Sweet tastants (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose; indirectly)
Thio-BCTC
WS-3
WS-12
WS-23
Blockers
Capsazepine
Clotrimazole
DCDPC
Flufenamic acid
Meclofenamic acid
Mefenamic acid
N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
Nicotine (tobacco)
Niflumic acid
Ruthenium red
Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens)
Tolfenamic acid
TPPO
TRPML
Activators
MK6-83
PI(3,5)P2
SF-22
TRPP
Activators
Triptolide (Tripterygium wilfordii)
Blockers
Ruthenium red
TRPV
Activators
2-APB
5',6'-EET
9-HODE
9-oxoODE
12S-HETE
12S-HpETE
13-HODE
13-oxoODE
20-HETE
α-Sanshool (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
Allicin (garlic)
AM404
Anandamide
Bisandrographolide (Andrographis paniculata)
Camphor (camphor laurel, rosemary, camphorweed, African blue basil, camphor basil)
Cannabidiol (cannabis)
Cannabidivarin (cannabis)
Capsaicin (chili pepper)
Carvacrol (oregano, thyme, pepperwort, wild bergamot, others)
DHEA
Diacyl glycerol
Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
Estradiol
Eugenol (basil, clove)
Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa)
Gingerols (ginger)
GSK1016790A
Heat
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Homocapsaicin (chili pepper)
Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
Incensole (incense)
Lysophosphatidic acid
Low pH (acidic conditions)
Menthol (mint)
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
N-Oleoyldopamine
N-Oleoylethanolamide
Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray)
Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper)
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Phorbol esters (e.g., 4α-PDD)
Piperine (black pepper, long pepper)
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper)
Probenecid
Protons
Rutamarin (Ruta graveolens)
Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera/pooissonii)
Shogaols (ginger, Sichuan and melegueta peppers)
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis)
Thymol (thyme, oregano)
Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera/pooissonii)
Tramadol
Vanillin (vanilla)
Zucapsaicin
Blockers
α-Spinasterol (Vernonia tweediana)
AMG-517
Asivatrep
BCTC
Cannabigerol (cannabis)
Cannabigerolic acid (cannabis)
Cannabigerovarin (cannabis)
Cannabinol (cannabis)
Capsazepine
DCDPC
DHEA
DHEA-S
Flufenamic acid
GRC-6211
HC-067047
Lanthanum
Meclofenamic acid
N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
NGD-8243
Niflumic acid
Pregnenolone sulfate
RN-1734
RN-9893
Ruthenium red
SB-705498
Tolfenamic acid
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosemary&oldid=793182816"
Categories:
Lamiaceae
Plant common names
Flora of the Mediterranean
Flora of Greece
Flora of Italy
Flora of North Africa
Herbs
Matorral shrubland
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Medicinal plants
Garden plants
Plants used in bonsai
Drought-tolerant plants
Hidden categories:
Articles with 'species' microformats
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikispecies
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Dolnoserbski
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
ქართული
Kaszëbsczi
Kinyarwanda
Kreyòl ayisyen
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Occitan
پښتو
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Sardu
Scots
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 31 July 2017, at 04:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Rosemary_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Rosemary (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)

values: text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%

values: Rosmarinus eriocalyx (page does not exist)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Virgin_Mary
mw-redirect
Virgin Mary

values: Edit section: Phytochemicals and traditional medicine

values:
/wiki/Ophelia_(character)
mw-redirect
Ophelia (character)

values:
/wiki/Gallipoli_Peninsula
mw-redirect
Gallipoli Peninsula

values:
/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Poland
mw-redirect
Elisabeth of Poland

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518346

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.drugs.com/npp/rosemary.html

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002023

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.superbherbs.net/Rosemary.htm

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values:
/wiki/Melissa_officinalis
mw-redirect
Melissa officinalis

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/Glycyrrhiza_glabra
mw-redirect
Glycyrrhiza glabra

values:
/wiki/Jamaican_jerk_spice
mw-redirect
Jamaican jerk spice

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators

values: Template talk:Transient receptor potential channel modulators

values:
/wiki/Ion_channel_modulator
mw-redirect
Ion channel modulator

values: Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel

values:
/wiki/Melegueta_pepper
mw-redirect
Melegueta pepper

values: Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)

values: Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3
mw-redirect
Hepoxilin A3

values:
/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3
mw-redirect
Hepoxilin B3

values:
/wiki/Pacific_yew
mw-redirect
Pacific yew

values:
/wiki/Dorrigo_pepper
mw-redirect
Dorrigo pepper

values:
/wiki/Thiopropanal_S-oxide
mw-redirect
Thiopropanal S-oxide

values:
/wiki/Umbellularia_californica
mw-redirect
Umbellularia californica

values: Transient receptor potential canonical channel

values:
/wiki/St_John%27s_wort
mw-redirect
St John's wort

values:
/wiki/Diacyl_glycerol
mw-redirect
Diacyl glycerol

values: 3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)

values: Transient receptor potential melastatin channel

values: Transient receptor potential mucolipin channel

values: Transient receptor potential polycystin channel

values: Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel

values: Bisandrographolide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Camphor_laurel
mw-redirect
Camphor laurel

values:
/wiki/Wild_bergamot
mw-redirect
Wild bergamot

values:
/wiki/Euodia_ruticarpa
mw-redirect
Euodia ruticarpa

values: 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (page does not exist)

values: Cannabigerolic acid (page does not exist)

values: Category:Articles with 'species' microformats

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Rosemary
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Rosemary&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosmaryn
Roosmaryn – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: إكليل الجبل (نبات) – Arabic

values: রোজমেরি – Bangla

values: Розмарин – Bulgarian

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzmarin
Ruzmarin – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roumarin
Roumarin – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhosmari
Rhosmari – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Lower Sorbian
dsb
dsb
interlanguage-link-target

values: Δενδρολίβανο – Greek

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromero
Erromero – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values: رومارن – Persian

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romarin
Romarin – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeu
Romeu – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values: Հազրեվարդ բուժիչ – Armenian

values: गुलमेंहदी – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarino
Rosmarino – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values: רוזמרין רפואי – Hebrew

values: ರೋಸ್‌ಮರಿ – Kannada

values: როზმარინი – Georgian

values:
https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romarin
Romarin – Kinyarwanda
rw
rw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womaren
Womaren – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values: ຕົ້ນໂຣສ ເມຣີ – Lao

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmaring
Rozmaring – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values: റോസ്‌മേരി – Malayalam

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmari
Rosmari – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanin
Romanin – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values: اکليل – Pashto

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alecrim
Alecrim – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmarin
Rozmarin – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallika
Sallika – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Розмарин лекарственный – Russian

values:
https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romasinu
Romasinu – Sardinian
sc
sc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary
Rosemary – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozmarina
Rozmarina – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values: රෝස්මෙරි – Sinhala

values: Рузмарин – Serbian

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: ரோசுமேரி – Tamil

values: โรสแมรี – Thai

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biberiye
Biberiye – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: Розмарин – Ukrainian

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosmarin
Rosmarin – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Rosemary rootpage-Rosemary skin-vector action-view