text:
U-boat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about German submarines. For the bootloader, see Das U-Boot. For other uses, see U-boat (disambiguation).
U-995, a typical U-boat
U-boat is the anglicised version of the German word U-Boot [ˈuːboːt] ( listen), a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".[1] While the German term refers to any submarine, the English one (in common with several other languages) refers specifically to military submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role (commerce raiding) and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping. The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire, and the United States to the United Kingdom and (during the Second World War) to the Soviet Union and the Allied territories in the Mediterranean.
Austro-Hungarian navy submarines were also known as U-boats.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early U-boats
2 World War I
2.1 Classes
2.2 Surrender of the fleet
3 Interwar years
4 World War II
4.1 Torpedoes
4.2 U-boat developments
4.3 Classes
4.4 Countermeasures
4.5 Enigma machine
4.6 Battle of Bell Island
4.7 Operation Deadlight
5 Post–World War II
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Early U-boats[edit]
The first submarine built in Germany, the three-man Brandtaucher, sank to the bottom of Kiel harbor on 1 February 1851 during a test dive.[2][3] The inventor and engineer Wilhelm Bauer had designed this vessel in 1850, and Schweffel & Howaldt constructed it in Kiel. Dredging operations in 1887 rediscovered Brandtaucher; it was raised and put on display in Germany.
There followed in 1890 the boats WW1 and WW2, built to a Nordenfelt design. In 1903 the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft dockyard in Kiel completed the first fully functional German-built submarine, Forelle,[4] which Krupp sold to Russia during the Russo-Japanese War in April 1904.[5] The SM U-1 was a completely redesigned Karp-class submarine and only one was built. The Imperial German Navy commissioned it on 14 December 1906.[6] It had a double hull, a Körting kerosene engine, and a single torpedo tube. The 50%-larger SM U-2 (commissioned in 1908) had two torpedo tubes. The U-19 class of 1912–13 saw the first diesel engine installed in a German navy boat. At the start of World War I in 1914, Germany had 48 submarines of 13 classes in service or under construction. During that war the Imperial German Navy used SM U-1 for training. Retired in 1919, it remains on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.[7]
World War I[edit]
Main article: U-boat Campaign (World War I)
On 5 September 1914, HMS Pathfinder was sunk by SM U-21, the first ship to have been sunk by a submarine using a self-propelled torpedo. On 22 September, U-9 sank the obsolete British warships HMS Aboukir, HMS Cressy and HMS Hogue (the "Live Bait Squadron") in a single hour.
In the Gallipoli Campaign in early 1915 in the eastern Mediterranean, German U-boats, notably the U-21, prevented close support of allied troops by 18 pre-Dreadnought battleships by sinking two of them.[8]
For the first few months of the war, U-boat anticommerce actions observed the "prize rules" of the time, which governed the treatment of enemy civilian ships and their occupants. On 20 October 1914, SM U-17 sank the first merchant ship, the SS Glitra, off Norway.[9] Surface commerce raiders were proving to be ineffective, and on 4 February 1915, the Kaiser assented to the declaration of a war zone in the waters around the British Isles. This was cited as a retaliation for British minefields and shipping blockades. Under the instructions given to U-boat captains, they could sink merchant ships, even potentially neutral ones, without warning.
In February 1915, a submarine U-6 (Lepsius) was rammed and both periscopes were destroyed off Beachy Head by the collier SS Thordis commanded by Captain John Bell RNR after firing a torpedo.[10] On 7 May 1915, SM U-20 sank the liner RMS Lusitania. The sinking claimed 1,198 lives, 128 of them American civilians, and the attack of this unarmed civilian ship deeply shocked the Allies. According to the ship's manifest, Lusitania was carrying military cargo, though none of this information was relayed to the citizens of Britain and the United States who thought that the ship contained no ammunition or military weaponry whatsoever and it was an act of brutal murder. Munitions that it carried were thousands of crates full of ammunition for rifles, 3-inch artillery shells, and also various other standard ammunition used by infantry. The sinking of the Lusitania was widely used as propaganda against the German Empire and caused greater support for the war effort. A widespread reaction in the U.S was not seen until the sinking of the ferry SS Sussex. The sinking occurred in 1915 and the United States entered the war in 1917.
The initial U.S. response was to threaten to sever diplomatic ties, which persuaded the Germans to issue the Sussex pledge that reimposed restrictions on U-boat activity. The U.S. reiterated its objections to German submarine warfare whenever U.S. civilians died as a result of German attacks, which prompted the Germans to fully reapply prize rules. This, however, removed the effectiveness of the U-boat fleet, and the Germans consequently sought a decisive surface action, a strategy that culminated in the Battle of Jutland.
Although the Germans claimed victory at Jutland, the British Grand Fleet remained in control at sea. It was necessary to return to effective anticommerce warfare by U-boats. Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, Commander in Chief of the High Seas Fleet, pressed for all-out U-boat war, convinced that a high rate of shipping losses would force Britain to seek an early peace before the United States could react effectively.
Sinking of the Linda Blanche out of Liverpool by Willy Stöwer
The renewed German campaign was effective, sinking 1.4 million tons of shipping between October 1916 and January 1917. Despite this, the political situation demanded even greater pressure, and on 31 January 1917, Germany announced that its U-boats would engage in unrestricted submarine warfare beginning 1 February. On 17 March, German submarines sank three American merchant vessels, and the U.S. declared war on Germany in April 1917.
Unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917 was initially very successful, sinking a major part of Britain-bound shipping. Nevertheless, with the introduction of escorted convoys, shipping losses declined and in the end the German strategy failed to destroy sufficient Allied shipping. An armistice became effective on 11 November 1918 and all surviving German submarines were surrendered. Of the 360 submarines that had been built, 178 were lost, but more than 11 million tons of shipping had been destroyed. Of the 178 submarines destroyed, SM U-103 was sunk when the troopship RMS Olympic rammed it as it attempted to crash-dive, killing all on board.
Classes[edit]
Körting kerosene-powered boats
Type U 1, Type U 2, Type U 3, Type U 5, Type U 9, Type U 13, Type U 16, Type U 17
Mittel-U MAN diesel boats
Type U 19, Type U 23, Type U 27, Type U 31, Type U 43, Type U 51, Type U 57, Type U 63, Type U 66, Type Mittel U
U-Cruisers and Merchant U-boats
Type U 139, Type U 142, Type U 151, Type UD 1
UB coastal torpedo attack boats
Type UB I, Type UB II, Type UB III, Type UF, Type UG
UC coastal minelayers
Type UC I, Type UC II, Type UC III
UE ocean minelayers
Type UE I, Type UE II
Surrender of the fleet[edit]
Under the terms of armistice, all U-boats were to immediately surrender. Those in home waters sailed to the British submarine base at Harwich. The entire process was done quickly and in the main without difficulty, after which the vessels were studied, then scrapped or given to Allied navies. Stephen King-Hall wrote a detailed eyewitness account of the surrender.[11]
Interwar years[edit]
At the end of World War I, as part of the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles restricted the total tonnage of the German surface fleet. The treaty also restricted the independent tonnage of ships and forbade the construction of submarines. However, a submarine design office was set up in the Netherlands and a torpedo research program was started in Sweden. Before the start of World War II, Germany started building U-boats and training crews, labeling these activities as "research" or concealing them using other covers. When this became known, the Anglo-German Naval Agreement limited Germany to parity with Britain in submarines. When World War II started, Germany already had 65 U-boats, with 21 of those at sea, ready for war.[citation needed]
World War II[edit]
Main article: Battle of the Atlantic
During World War II, U-boat warfare was the major component of the Battle of the Atlantic, which lasted the duration of the war. Germany had the largest submarine fleet in World War II, since the Treaty of Versailles had limited the surface navy of Germany to six battleships (of less than 10,000 tons each), six cruisers, and 12 destroyers.[12] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill wrote "The only thing that really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril."
U-boat pens in Saint-Nazaire, France
In the early stages of the war the U-boats were extremely effective in destroying Allied shipping due to the large gap in mid-Atlantic air cover. Cross-Atlantic trade in war supplies and food was extensive and critical for Britain's survival. The continuous action surrounding British shipping became known as the Battle of the Atlantic, as the British developed technical defences such as ASDIC and radar, and the German U-boats responded by hunting in what were called "wolfpacks" where multiple submarines would stay close together, making it easier for them to sink a specific target. Britain's vulnerable shipping situation existed until 1942, when the tides changed as the U.S. merchant marine and Navy entered the war, drastically increasing the amount of tonnage of supplies sent across the Atlantic. The combination of increased tonnage and increased naval protection of shipping convoys made it much more difficult for U-boats to make a significant dent in British shipping. Once the United States entered the war, U-boats ranged from the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Arctic to the west and southern African coasts and even as far east as Penang. The U.S. military engaged in various tactics against German incursions in the Americas; these included military surveillance of foreign nations in Latin America, particularly in the Caribbean, to deter any local governments from supplying German U-boats.
Because speed and range were severely limited underwater while running on battery power, U-boats were required to spend most of their time surfaced running on diesel engines, diving only when attacked or for rare daytime torpedo strikes. The more ship-like hull design reflects the fact that these were primarily surface vessels that could submerge when necessary. This contrasts with the cylindrical profile of modern nuclear submarines, which are more hydrodynamic underwater (where they spend the majority of their time), but less stable on the surface. While U-boats were faster on the surface than submerged, the opposite is generally true of modern submarines. The most common U-boat attack during the early years of the war was conducted on the surface and at night. This period, before the Allied forces developed truly effective antisubmarine warfare tactics, which included convoys, was referred to by German submariners as "die glückliche Zeit" or The First Happy Time[13]
U-534, Birkenhead Docks, Merseyside, England
Torpedoes[edit]
The U-boats' main weapon was the torpedo, though mines and deck guns (while surfaced) were also used. By the end of the war, almost 3,000 Allied ships (175 warships; 2,825 merchant ships) were sunk by U-boat torpedoes.[14] Early German World War II torpedoes were straight runners, as opposed to the homing and pattern-running torpedoes that were fielded later in the war. They were fitted with one of two types of pistol triggers: impact, which detonated the warhead upon contact with a solid object, and magnetic, which detonated upon sensing a change in the magnetic field within a few meters.
One of the most effective uses of magnetic pistols would be to set the torpedo's depth to just beneath the keel of the target. The explosion under the target's keel would create a detonation shock wave, which could cause a ship's hull to rupture under the concussive water pressure. In this way, even large or heavily armored ships could be sunk or disabled with a single, well-placed hit.
In practice, however, the depth-keeping equipment and magnetic and contact exploders were notoriously unreliable in the first eight months of the war. Torpedoes often ran at an improper depth, detonated prematurely, or failed to explode altogether—sometimes bouncing harmlessly off the hull of the target ship. This was most evident in Operation Weserübung, the invasion of Norway, where various skilled U-boat commanders failed to inflict damage on British transports and warships because of faulty torpedoes. The faults were largely due to a lack of testing. The magnetic detonator was sensitive to mechanical oscillations during the torpedo run, and to fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field at high latitudes. These were eventually phased out, and the depth-keeping problem was solved by early 1942.[15]
Later in the war, Germany developed an acoustic homing torpedo, the G7/T5. It was primarily designed to combat convoy escorts. The acoustic torpedo was designed to run straight to an arming distance of 400 m and then turn toward the loudest noise detected. This sometimes ended up being the U-boat itself; at least two submarines may have been sunk by their own homing torpedoes. Additionally, these torpedoes were found to be only effective against ships moving at greater than 15 knots (28 km/h). The Allies countered acoustic torpedoes with noisemaker decoys such as Foxer, FXR, CAT and Fanfare. The Germans, in turn, countered this by introducing newer and upgraded versions of the acoustic torpedoes, like the late-war G7es, and the T11 torpedo. However, the T11 torpedoes did not see active service.[16]
U-boats also adopted several types of "pattern-running" torpedoes that ran straight out to a preset distance, then traveled in either a circular or ladder-like pattern. When fired at a convoy, this increased the probability of a hit if the weapon missed its primary target.
U-boat developments[edit]
During World War II, the Kriegsmarine produced many different types of U-boats as technology evolved. Most notable is the Type VII, known as the "workhorse" of the fleet, which was by far the most-produced type, and the Type IX boats, which were larger versions of the VII designed for long-range patrols, some traveling as far as Japan and the east coast of the United States.
With the increasing sophistication of Allied detection and subsequent losses, German designers began to fully realise the potential for a truly submerged boat. The Type XXI "Elektroboot" was designed to favor submerged performance, both for combat effectiveness and survival. It was the first true submersible. The Type XXI featured an evolutionary design that combined several different strands of the U-Boat development program, most notably from the Walter U-boats, the Type XVII, which featured an unsuccessful yet revolutionary hydrogen peroxide air-independent propellant system. These boats featured a streamlined hull design, which formed the basis of the later USS Nautilus nuclear submarine, and was adapted for use with more conventional propulsion systems. The larger hull design allowed for a greatly increased battery capacity, which enabled the XXI to cruise submerged for longer periods and reach unprecedented submerged speeds for the time.
Throughout the war, an arms race evolved between the Allies and the Kriegsmarine, especially in detection and counterdetection. Sonar (ASDIC in Britain) allowed Allied warships to detect submerged U-boats (and vice versa) beyond visual range, but was not effective against a surfaced vessel; thus, early in the war, a U-boat at night or in bad weather was actually safer on the surface. Advancements in radar became particularly deadly for the U-boat crews, especially once aircraft-mounted units were developed. As a countermeasure, U-boats were fitted with radar warning receivers, to give them ample time to dive before the enemy closed in, as well as more anti aircraft guns. However, by early to mid-1943, the Allies switched to centimetric radar (unknown to Germany), which rendered the radar detectors ineffective. U-boat radar systems were also developed, but many captains chose not to use them for fear of broadcasting their position to enemy patrols and lack of sufficient electronic countermeasures.
Early on, the Germans experimented with the idea of the Schnorchel (snorkel) from captured Dutch submarines, but saw no need for them until rather late in the war. The Schnorchel was a retractable pipe that supplied air to the diesel engines while submerged at periscope depth, allowing the boats to cruise and recharge their batteries while maintaining a degree of stealth. It was far from a perfect solution, however. Problems occurred with the device's valve sticking shut or closing as it dunked in rough weather; since the system used the entire pressure hull as a buffer, the diesels would instantaneously suck huge volumes of air from the boat's compartments, and the crew often suffered painful ear injuries. Waste disposal was a problem when the U-boats spent extended periods without surfacing, as it is today. Speed was limited to 8 knots (15 km/h), lest the device snap from stress. The Schnorchel also had the effect of making the boat essentially noisy and deaf in sonar terms. Finally, Allied radar eventually became sufficiently advanced that the Schnorchel mast could be detected beyond visual range.
Several other pioneering innovations included acoustic- and electro-absorbent coatings to make them less of an ASDIC or RADAR target. The Germans also developed active countermeasures such as facilities to release artificial chemical bubble-making decoys, known as Bold, after the mythical kobold.
Classes[edit]
Type I: first prototypes
Type II: small submarines used for training purposes
Type V: uncompleted experimental midget submarines
Type VII: the "workhorse" of the U-boats, with 700 active in World War II
Type IX: these long-range U-boats operated as far as the Indian Ocean with the Japanese (Monsun Gruppe), and the South Atlantic
Type X: long-range minelayers and cargo transports
Type XI: uncompleted experimental artillery boats
Type XIV: used to resupply other U-boats; nicknamed the Milchkuh ("Milk Cow")
Type XVII: small coastal submarines powered by high-test peroxide propulsion systems
Type XXI: known as the Elektroboot; first subs to operate primarily submerged
Type XXIII: smaller version of the XXI used for coastal operations
Midget submarines, including Biber, Hai, Molch, and Seehund
Uncompleted U-boat projects
Countermeasures[edit]
Main article: Anti-submarine warfare
Advances in convoy tactics, high-frequency direction finding (referred to as "Huff-Duff"), radar, active sonar (called ASDIC in Britain), depth charges, ASW spigot mortars (also known as "hedgehog"), the intermittent cracking of the German Naval Enigma code, the introduction of the Leigh light, the range of escort aircraft (especially with the use of escort carriers), the use of mystery ships, and the full entry of the U.S. into the war with its enormous shipbuilding capacity, all turned the tide against the U-boats. In the end, the U-boat fleet suffered extremely heavy casualties, losing 793 U-boats and about 28,000 submariners (a 75% casualty rate, the highest of all German forces during the war).
Survivors from German submarine U-175 after being sunk by USCGC Spencer, 17 April 1943
At the same time, the Allies targeted the U-boat shipyards and their bases with strategic bombing.
Enigma machine[edit]
Main article: Enigma machine
The British had a major advantage in their ability to read some German naval Enigma codes. An understanding of the German coding methods had been brought to Britain via France from Polish code-breakers. Thereafter, code books and equipment were captured by raids on German weather ships and from captured U-boats. A team including Alan Turing used special purpose "Bombes" and early computers to break new German codes as they were introduced. The speedy decoding of messages was vital in directing convoys away from wolf packs and allowing interception and destruction of U-boats. This was demonstrated when the Naval Enigma machines were altered in February 1942 and wolf-pack effectiveness greatly increased until the new code was broken.
The German submarine U-110, a Type IXB, was captured in 1941 by the Royal Navy, and its Enigma machine and documents were removed. U-559 was also captured by the British in October 1942; three sailors boarded her as she was sinking, and desperately threw all the code books out of the submarine so as to salvage them. Two of them, Able Seaman Colin Grazier and Lieutenant Francis Anthony Blair Fasson, continued to throw code books out of the ship as it went under water, and went down with it. Further code books were captured by raids on weather ships. U-744 was boarded by crew from the Canadian ship HMCS Chilliwack on 6 March 1944, and codes were taken from her, but by this time in the war, most of the information was known.[17] The U-505, a Type IXC, was captured by the United States Navy in June 1944. It is now a museum ship in Chicago at the Museum of Science and Industry.
Battle of Bell Island[edit]
Main article: Battle of the St. Lawrence
Two events in the battle took place in 1942 when German U-boats attacked four allied ore carriers at Bell Island, Newfoundland. The carriers SS Saganaga and SS Lord Strathcona were sunk by U-513 on 5 September 1942, while the SS Rosecastle and PLM 27 were sunk by U-518 on 2 November with the loss of 69 lives. When the submarine launched a torpedo at the loading pier, Bell Island became the only location in North America to be subject to direct attack by German forces in World War II.
Operation Deadlight[edit]
Main article: Operation Deadlight
"Operation Deadlight" was the code name for the scuttling of U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of the war. Of the 154 U-boats surrendered, 121 were scuttled in deep water off Lisahally, Northern Ireland, or Loch Ryan, Scotland, in late 1945 and early 1946.
Post–World War II[edit]
U-15, a Type 206 submarine, of the German Navy at the Kiel Week 2007
Type 212 submarine with air-independent propulsion of the German Navy in dock at HDW/Kiel
From 1955, the West German Bundesmarine was allowed to have a small navy. Initially two sunken Type XXIIIs and a Type XXI were raised and repaired. In the 1960s, West Germany re-entered the submarine business. Because Germany was initially restricted to a 450 tonne displacement limit, the Bundesmarine focused on small coastal submarines to protect against the Soviet threat in the Baltic Sea. The Germans sought to use advanced technologies to offset the small displacement, such as amagnetic steel to protect against naval mines and magnetic anomaly detectors.
The initial Type 201 was a failure because of hull cracking; the subsequent Type 205, first commissioned in 1967, was a success, and 12 were built for the German navy. To continue the U-boat tradition, the new boats received the classic U designation starting with the U-1.
With the Danish government's purchase of two Type 205 boats, the German government realized the potential for the submarine as an export. Three of the improved Type 206 boats were sold to the Israeli Navy, becoming the Gal-class. The German Type 209 diesel-electric submarine was the most popular export-sales submarine in the world from the late 1960s into the first years of the 21st century. With a larger 1,000–1,500 tonne displacement, the class was very customizable and has seen service with 14 navies with 51 examples being built as of 2006.
Germany has brought the U-boat name into the 21st century with the new Type 212. The 212 features an air-independent propulsion system using hydrogen fuel cells. This system is safer than previous closed-cycle diesel engines and steam turbines, cheaper than a nuclear reactor and quieter than either. While the Type 212 is also being purchased by Italy, the Type 214 has been designed as the follow-on export model and has been sold to Greece, South Korea and Turkey.
In July 2006, Germany commissioned its newest U-boat, the U-34, a Type 212.
See also[edit]
Military of Germany portal
Submarine portal
Submarine warfare
List of U-boats of Germany
List of U-boats never deployed
List of successful U-boats
List of successful U-boat commanders
Das Boot, 1981 German U-boat film
Aces of the Deep, 1994 U-boat simulator video game
Silent Hunter III, 2005 U-boat simulator video game, third of a series
Karl Dönitz
Orkney Wireless Museum contains an example of a U-boat radio
List of Knight's Cross recipients of the U-boat service
Sieglinde (decoy)
Bold (decoy)
U-boat Campaign (World War I)
I-boat, Japanese equivalent
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "U-boat". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
Jump up ^ Showell, p. 23
Jump up ^ Compare: Chaffin, Tom (2010). The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy. Macmillan. p. 53. ISBN 9781429990356. Retrieved 2016-07-14. Bauer's boat made a promising start, diving in tests in the Baltic Sea's Bay of Kiel to depths of more than fifty feet. In 1851, however, during one of those tests, the boat malfunctioned. The Brandtaucher plunged fifty-four vertical feet and refused to ascend from the seafloor. Bauer and his crew – leaving their craft on the bottom – barely escaped with their lives.
Jump up ^ Showell, p. 201
Jump up ^ Showell, pp. 22, 23, 25, 29
Jump up ^ Showell, p. 30
Jump up ^ Showell, pp. 36 & 37
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "WWI U-Boats U-17". Uboat.net. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
Jump up ^ Haley Dixon (21 June 2013). "Story of Captain’s courage resurfaces after 98 years". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Full text of "A North Sea diary, 1914–1918 / Commander Stephen King-Hall"".
Jump up ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 100–104. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
Jump up ^ Military History Online
Jump up ^ Crocker III, H. W. (2006). Don't Tread on Me. New York: Crown Forum. p. 310. ISBN 978-1-4000-5363-6.
Jump up ^ Karl Dönitz. Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. Naval Institute Press. p. 482. ISBN 0-87021-780-1.
Jump up ^ "The Torpedoes".
Jump up ^ Helgason, Gudmundur "Captured U Boats" UBoat.Net http://uboat.net/fates/captured.htm
Further reading[edit]
John Abbatiello. Anti-Submarine Warfare in World War I: British Naval Aviation and the Defeat of the U-Boats (2005)
Buchheim, Lothar-Günther, Das Boot (original German edition 1973, eventually translated into English and many other Western languages). Movie adaptation in 1981, directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Gannon, Michael (1998) Black May. Dell Publishing. ISBN 0-440-23564-2
Gannon, Michael (1990) Operation Drumbeat. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-302-4
Gray, Edwyn A. The U-Boat War, 1914–1918 (1994)
Hans Joachim Koerver. German Submarine Warfare 1914–1918 in the Eyes of British Intelligence, LIS Reinisch 2010, ISBN 978-3-902433-79-4
Kurson, Robert (2004). Shadow Divers: The True Adventure of Two Americans Who Risked Everything to Solve One of the Last Mysteries of World War II. Random House Publishing. ISBN 0-375-50858-9
Möller, Eberhard and Werner Brack. The Encyclopedia of U-Boats: From 1904 to the Present (2006) ISBN 1-85367-623-3
O'Connor, Jerome M. "Inside the Grey Wolves' Den." Naval History, June 2000. The US Naval Institute Author of the Year feature describes the building and operation of the German U-boat bases in France.
Preston, Anthony (2005). The World's Greatest Submarines.
Stern, Robert C. (1999). Battle Beneath the Waves: U-boats at war. Arms and Armor/Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-85409-200-6.
Showell, Jak Mallmann. The U-boat Century: German Submarine Warfare, 1906–2006 (2006) ISBN 1-59114-892-8
van der Vat, Dan. The Atlantic Campaign. Harper & Row, 1988. Connects submarine and antisubmarine operations between World War I and World War II, and suggests a continuous war.
Von Scheck, Karl. U122: The Diary of a U-boat Commander. Diggory Press ISBN 978-1-84685-049-3
Georg von Trapp and Elizabeth M. Campbell. To the Last Salute: Memories of an Austrian U-Boat Commander (2007)
Westwood, David. U-Boat War: Doenitz and the evolution of the German Submarine Service 1935–1945 (2005) ISBN 1-932033-43-2
Werner, Herbert. Iron Coffins: A Personal Account of the German U-Boat Battles of World War II ISBN 978-0-304-35330-9
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to U-boat.
TheSubPen The Sub "Pen," your home for submarine and U-boat history.
uboat.net Comprehensive reference source for WW I and WW II U-boat information.
uboat-bases.com The German U-boat bases of the WW-II in France: Brest, Lorient, St-Nazaire, La Rochelle, Bordeaux.
ubootwaffe.net Comprehensive reference source for WW II U-boat information.
WWII German UBoats
German sub sank near U.S., The Augusta Chronicle
U Boat Sanctuary – Inside The Indestructible U Boat Bases In Brittany History Articles
[show]
v
t
e
U-boats
Battle of the Atlantic (World War I)
Battle of the Atlantic (World War II)
Mediterranean (World War I)
Mediterranean (World War II)
Operation Regenbogen
Operation Deadlight
U-boat lists
Types
Regions
German
Successful
Never deployed
Austro-Hungarian
Foreign captured
Uncompleted projects
Commanders
Successful
Knight's Cross recipients
Erich Raeder
Karl Dönitz
Wolfpacks
List of wolfpacks of World War II
Blücher
Borkum
Dränger
Eisbär
Eisteufel
Endrass
Hai
Hartmann
Hecht
Kiebitz
Kreuzotter
Leuthen
Lohs
Pfadfinder
Pfeil
Prien
Raubgraf
Rösing
Rossbach
Schill
Schlieffen
Seewolf
Steinbrinck
Siegfried
Streitaxt
Tümmler
Vorwärts
Weddigen
West
Wolf
Major engagements
Convoy SC 7
Convoy PQ 17
Battle of the St. Lawrence
Convoy ONS 5
Black May
Bismarck chase
U-boat flotillas
World War I
I
II
III
IV
Flanders
Kurland
Pola
Constantinople
World War II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Capital ships sunk
World War I
HMS Britannia
HMS Cornwallis
French battleship Danton
HMS Formidable
Gaulois
Russian battleship Peresvet
HMS Majestic
Italian battleship Regina Margherita
HMS Russell
French battleship Suffren
HMS Triumph
World War II
HMS Ark Royal
HMS Barham
HMS Courageous
HMS Eagle
HMS Royal Oak
Technology
Sonar
Depth charge
Hedgehog
Leigh light
Q-ship
Snorkel
Elektroboot
Concepts
Submarine warfare
Intensified submarine warfare
Unrestricted submarine warfare
[show]
v
t
e
Naval ships and warships in the Late Modern period
Naval ship classes in service
submarine
auxiliary
Operational zones
Blue-water navy
Brown-water navy
Green-water navy
Gun placement
Broadside
Central battery/casemate
Turretes
Aircraft carriers
Aircraft cruiser
Amphibious assault ship
Anti-submarine warfare carrier
Balloon carrier
CAM ship
Escort carrier
Fighter catapult ship
Fleet carrier
Helicopter carrier
Light aircraft carrier
Merchant aircraft carrier
Seaplane tender
Submarine aircraft carrier
Supercarrier
Battleships
Coastal defence ship
Dreadnought
Fast battleship
Pre-dreadnought battleship
Super-dreadnought (Standard-type battleship)
Treaty battleship
Cruisers
Armored cruiser
Battlecruiser
Flight deck cruiser
Heavy cruiser
Pocket battleship
Light cruiser
Merchant raider
Protected cruiser
Strike cruiser
Torpedo cruiser
Unprotected cruiser
Escort
Aviso
Convoy rescue ship
Destroyer
Destroyer escort
Destroyer leader
Escort destroyer
Frigate
Guided missile destroyer
Kaibōkan
Sloop
Transport
Amphibious transport dock
Amphibious warfare ship
Attack transport
Dock landing ship
Landing craft
Landing craft carrier
Landing Craft Support
Landing Ship Heavy
Landing ship, infantry
Landing Ship Medium
Landing Ship, Tank
Landing Ship Vehicle
Troopship
Patrol craft
Armed boarding steamer
Armed yacht
Coastal Motor Boat
Corvette
Gunboat
Harbour Defence Motor Launch
Motor Launch
Naval drifter
Naval trawler
Ocean boarding vessel
Patrol boat
Q-ship
Steam Gun Boat
Submarine chaser
Torpedo boat
Fast attack craft
E-boat
MAS
MGB
Missile boat
MTB
MTM
MTSM
PT boat
Shin'yō
Mine warfare
Danlayer
Destroyer minesweeper
Mine countermeasures vessel
Mine planter
Minehunter
Minelayer
Minesweeper
Command and support
Amenities ship
Ammunition ship
Auxiliary repair dock
Auxiliary ship
Collier
Combat stores ship
Command ship
Crane vessel
Depot ship
Destroyer tender
Dispatch boat
Fast combat support ship
General stores issue ship
Hospital ship
Naval tugboat
Net laying ship
Repair ship
Replenishment oiler
Submarine tender
Submarines
Attack submarine
Ballistic missile submarine
Coastal submarine
Cruise missile submarine
Cruiser submarine
Deep-submergence vehicle
DSRV
Fleet submarine
Midget submarine
U-boat
Miscellaneous
Arsenal ship
Barracks ship
Breastwork monitor
Capital ship
Flagship
Guard ship
Littoral combat ship
Monitor
River monitor
Training ship
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U-boat&oldid=799405216"
Categories:
U-boats
Submarines
Submarines of Germany
German Empire in World War I
Germany in World War II
World War I submarines
World War II submarines
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from May 2014
Articles with hAudio microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Català
Čeština
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
日本語
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Tagalog
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 September 2017, at 14:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/U-boat_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
U-boat (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: i

attrs: class style

value: b

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Nordenfelt_submarine
mw-redirect
Nordenfelt submarine

values:
/wiki/Live_Bait_Squadron
mw-redirect
Live Bait Squadron

values:
/wiki/Pre-Dreadnought_battleship
mw-redirect
Pre-Dreadnought battleship

values:
/wiki/Rules_of_Prize_Warfare
mw-redirect
Rules of Prize Warfare

values:
/wiki/Diplomatic_ties
mw-redirect
Diplomatic ties

values:
/wiki/British_Grand_Fleet
mw-redirect
British Grand Fleet

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_1_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 1 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_2_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 2 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_3_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 3 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_5_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 5 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_9_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 9 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_13_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 13 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_16_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 16 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_17_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 17 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_19_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 19 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_23_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 23 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_27_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 27 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_43_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 43 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_51_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 51 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_57_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 57 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_63_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 63 submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_U_142_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type U 142 submarine

values: German Type UD 1 submarine (page does not exist)

values: German Type UF submarine (page does not exist)

values: German Type UGsubmarine (page does not exist)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/United_States_armed_forces
mw-redirect
United States armed forces

values:
/wiki/German_Type_XXI_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type XXI submarine

values:
/wiki/German_Type_XVIIB_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type XVIIB submarine

values:
/wiki/Periscope_depth
mw-redirect
Periscope depth

values:
/wiki/South_Atlantic
mw-redirect
South Atlantic

values:
/wiki/German_Type_XXIII_submarine
mw-redirect
German Type XXIII submarine

values:
/wiki/Enigma_code
mw-redirect
Enigma code

values:
/wiki/Leigh_light
mw-redirect
Leigh light

values:
/wiki/Type_IX_U-boat
mw-redirect
Type IX U-boat

values:
/wiki/Francis_Anthony_Blair_Fasson
mw-redirect
Francis Anthony Blair Fasson

values:
/wiki/HMCS_Chilliwack_(K131)
mw-redirect
HMCS Chilliwack (K131)

values: Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)

values: SS Lord Strathcona (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Londonderry_Port
mw-redirect
Londonderry Port

values:
/wiki/Gal_class_submarine
mw-redirect
Gal class submarine

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: List of Knight's Cross recipients of the U-boat service

values:
nofollow
external free
http://uboat.net/fates/captured.htm

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: International Standard Book Number (identifier)

values:
/wiki/Iron_Coffins
mw-redirect
Iron Coffins

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.thesubpen.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.uboat.net

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.uboat-bases.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ubootwaffe.net

values: Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War I)

values: Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War II)

values: List of most successful U-boat commanders

values: List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the U-boat service

values:
/wiki/Wolfpack_Dr%C3%A4nger
mw-redirect
Wolfpack Dränger

values:
/wiki/Wolfpack_Raubgraf
mw-redirect
Wolfpack Raubgraf

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox U-boats ;wide;padding:3px

values: Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries

values: Template talk:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries

values: List of auxiliary ship classes in service

values:
/wiki/Broadside_ironclad
mw-redirect
Broadside ironclad

values:
/wiki/Landing_Ship_Heavy
mw-redirect
Landing Ship Heavy

values:
/wiki/Landing_Ship_Vehicle
mw-redirect
Landing Ship Vehicle

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values:
/wiki/U-boat
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
/w/index.php?title=U-boat&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: يو بوت – Arabic

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values: यू-बोट – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: הצוללות הגרמניות במלחמות העולם הראשונה והשנייה – Hebrew

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values: ယူဘုတ်ရေငုပ်သင်္ဘော – Burmese

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boot
U-boot – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boot
U-boot – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat
U-boat – Russian
ru
ru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-vene
U-vene – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat
U-boat – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: เรืออู – Thai

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-bot
U-bot – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Boot
U-Boot – Ukrainian
uk
uk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat
U-boat – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-U-boat rootpage-U-boat skin-vector action-view


text:
My Life as a Teenage Robot
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
My Life as a Teenage Robot
The series' intertitle.[a]
Genre
Animation
Action-adventure
Comic science fiction
Science fantasy
Superhero
Created by
Rob Renzetti
Developed by
Rob Renzetti
Alex Kirwan
Directed by
Rob Renzetti
James Tim Walker (2003-2004)
Chris Sauve
Randy Myers (2003; 2008-2009)
Robert Alvarez (2003; 2008)
Chris Savino (2005; 2008-2009)
Greg Miller (2008)
John Fountain
Bob Jaques (2003; 2008)
Ron Hughart (2004)
Monte Young
Daniel De La Vega
Ray Pointer
Bob Nesler
Voices of
Janice Kawaye
Candi Milo
Chad Doreck
Audrey Wasilewski
Quinton Flynn
Moira Quirk
Cree Summer
Eartha Kitt
Theme music composer
Peter Lurye
Composer(s)
James L. Venable
Peter Lurye
Country of origin
United States
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
40 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Rob Renzetti
Fred Seibert
Running time
23 minutes
Production company(s)
Frederator Studios
Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Distributor
Paramount Television (United States)
Nelvana (Canada/International)
Release
Original network
Nickelodeon (2003–05)
Nicktoons Network (2008–09)
Picture format
480i (4:3 SDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1
Original release
August 1, 2003 (2003-08-01) – May 2, 2009 (2009-05-02)
Chronology
Preceded by
Oh Yeah! Cartoons
External links
Website
My Life as a Teenage Robot is an American animated science fantasy television series created by Rob Renzetti for Nickelodeon. The series follows the adventures of XJ-9, better known as Jenny Wakeman, a robot girl who attempts to juggle her duties of protecting Earth while trying to live a normal teenage life. The show ran from August 1, 2003 to May 2, 2009.[1] After Nickelodeon removed the series in 2005, the completed season 3 episodes of the series were eventually aired on Nicktoons Network from October 4, 2008 to May 2, 2009. The series totaled 40 episodes and three seasons, including one TV movie. All three seasons are available on DVD at Amazon and on the iTunes store, although they are geo-blocked from some countries including Canada.
My Life as a Teenage Robot received positive reviews from critics, being nominated for numerous awards, most prominently one Primetime Emmy Award and eleven Annie Awards.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Broadcast
5 Home media
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Overview[edit]
See also: List of My Life as a Teenage Robot characters
XJ-9 ("Jenny Wakeman", as she prefers to be called; voiced by Janice Kawaye) is a state-of-the-art gynoid automaton sophisticated robot created by her mother Dr. Nora Wakeman (Candi Milo), an elderly spinster robotics scientist, five years prior to the series. Jenny is Earth's protector, armed to the teeth with a wide range of weapons and devices, but all she really wants is to live the life of a normal teenager. She was preceded in development by eight other models; in season one, the episode "Sibling Tsunami" introduced XJs 1–8.
Jenny's friends are her next-door neighbors Brad (Chad Doreck) and Tuck Carbuckle (Audrey Wasilewski). Brad is outgoing and adventurous, and is the first actual friend Jenny makes, while Tuck is Brad's rambunctious younger brother who usually tags along on adventures. Another one of her friends is Sheldon Lee (Quinton Flynn), a somewhat stereotypical nerd who is infatuated with her. Jenny often rejects his romantic advances, but still cares for him as a friend. Fans of the show often speculate on whether Jenny would have ended up with Sheldon or Brad. Renzetti and his team seem to favor Sheldon but refuse to give any definitive answers as to how he would have ended the series if he was given a fourth season.[3]
At high school, Jenny has an ongoing rivalry with the Crust Cousins, Brit (Moira Quirk) and Tiff (Cree Summer), the popular girls in school. Dr. Wakeman often tries in vain to control her creation and keep her "daughter" focused on protecting the planet Earth. Adding to her trouble is that she is constantly being dogged by the all-robotic Cluster Empire, whose queen, Vexus (Eartha Kitt), wants her to join their world of robots (by force if necessary). Despite it all, Jenny struggles to maintain some semblance of a mostly-human life.
The special of the series, "Escape from Cluster Prime", shows that the alien planet is actually a peaceful paradise for every kind of robot. It's also revealed that Vexus has made Jenny out to be a villain due to her constant refusals to join, blaming her for the missing components that allow robots to transform; Vexus actually has them hidden, to help control the populace.
The series is set in the fictional futuristic town of Tremorton. Its themes focus on making lighthearted fun of typical teenage problems and other conventions and drama of the teenage and superhero lives, mixed up with a combination of action, adventure, sci-fi fantasy, and comedy sequences.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of My Life as a Teenage Robot episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Season DVD release date
(Region 1)
First aired
Last aired
Network
1 13 August 1, 2003 (2003-08-01) February 27, 2004 (2004-02-27) Nickelodeon December 12, 2011[4]
2 14 December 8, 2004 (2004-12-08) September 9, 2005 (2005-09-09) December 12, 2011[5]
3 13 October 4, 2008 (2008-10-04) May 2, 2009 (2009-05-02) Nicktoons December 12, 2011[6]
Production[edit]
Rob Renzetti moved from Cartoon Network to Nickelodeon to develop his own ideas as part of Fred Seibert's and Frederator Studios' Oh Yeah! Cartoons. At Nickelodeon, he developed a pilot called "My Neighbor was a Teenage Robot" which was the basis for the series. After brief stints working on Family Guy, The Powerpuff Girls, and Samurai Jack, Renzetti returned to Nickelodeon to start the Teenage Robot series.
Renzetti made 11 shorts during two seasons as a director on Oh Yeah! Cartoons. Five of these starred two characters called Mina and the Count and followed the adventures of a rambunctious little girl and her vampire best friend. He hoped that these characters might get their own series, but Nickelodeon rejected the idea. Faced with an empty slot where the sixth Mina short was slated to go, Fred Seibert tasked Renzetti to come up with three new ideas. One of these was about a teenaged girl whose boyfriend was a robot. After further thought, Renzetti merged the two characters to create Jenny, a robot with the personality of a teenaged girl.
On October 17, 2005, the show's crew announced on their blog that the show had been cancelled, and the third season would be the last: "The executives love the show but the ratings aren't good enough for them to give us more episodes."[7][8] After the show ended, Renzetti left for Cartoon Network Studios, working on Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and The Cartoonstitute, before moving on to become supervising producer for Gravity Falls.
Broadcast[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2010)
Nickelodeon debuted My Life as a Teenage Robot on August 1, 2003 at 8:30 PM.[9][better source needed] The show was a part of Nickelodeon's Saturday night programming block called SNICK on August 2, 2003 and briefly was a part of the TEENick lineup on August 2003 to June 2004. The first season ended on February 27, 2004 with "The Wonderful World of Wizzly / Call Hating".
The second season (which was originally set to air on October 1, 2004) was pushed back to December 8, 2004 with the Christmas episode "A Robot for All Seasons". A new second-season episode was not aired until January 24, 2005.[10] In the second season, a 48-minute, two-part TV movie entitled "Escape from Cluster Prime" (which was nominated for an Emmy in 2006)[11] aired. After the series ended, reruns continue to air until April 14, 2013 and again from December 13, 2015 to May 15, 2016.
Home media[edit]
The episodes "See No Evil", "The Great Unwashed", "Future Shock", "A Robot for All Seasons", "Hostile Makeover", and "Gridiron Glory" were released on Nick Picks DVD compilations. As of December 12, 2011, seasons 1, 2, and 3 are available on DVD exclusive to Amazon.com in region 1. The full series was released across six discs by Beyond Home Entertainment in Australia on February 5, 2012.[12]
DVD name
Season
Episode count
Release date
Episodes include
Region 1
Region 4
Nick Picks Vol. 1 1 1 May 24, 2005 N/A Hostile Makeover
Nick Picks Vol. 2 October 18, 2005 N/A Grid Iron Glory
Nick Picks Vol. 3 February 7, 2006 N/A See No Evil
Nick Picks Vol. 4 June 6, 2006 N/A The Great Unwashed
Nick Picks Holiday 2 September 26, 2006 N/A A Robot For All Seasons
Nick Picks Vol. 5 March 13, 2007 N/A Future Shock
My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 1[4] 1 13 December 12, 2011 N/A The complete first season is included
My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 2[5] 2 12 N/A 12 episodes from season two, excluding Escape from Cluster Prime
My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 3[6] 2 (Escape from Cluster Prime), 3 15 N/A The complete third and final season is included, plus "Escape from Cluster Prime" from season two
My Life as a Teenage Robot: The Complete Series 1–3 40 N/A February 5, 2012 The complete series is included
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The font used in the title card is slightly similar to ITC Anna.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Band Aids and Teenage Robots". The Teenage Roblog. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "My Life as a Teenage Robot Awards and Nominations".
Jump up ^ AWN. "Dr. Toon: Nuts and Bolts With Rob Renzetti | AWN | Animation World Network". AWN. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 1". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 2". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "My Life as a Teenage Robot: Season 3". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Band Aids and Teenage Robots". Teenageroblog.blogspot.com. October 17, 2005. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "XJWriter is No More!". Teenageroblog.blogspot.com. October 25, 2005. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived November 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011. Schedule for "My Life as a Teenage Robot" on Nicktoons
Jump up ^ "Complete list of prime-time Emmy nominations". Nytimes.com. December 31, 1969. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "My Life As A Teenage Robot Season 1 – 3". Beyond Home Entertainment. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
External links[edit]
My Life as a Teenage Robot on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Nickelodeon original programming
Former
1970s debuts
Pinwheel (1977–90)
America Goes Bananaz (1979–80)
Nickel Flicks (1979–80)
Hocus Focus (1979–80)
Video Comic Book (1979–81)
1980s debuts
First Row Features (1980–82)
Special Delivery (1980–93)
Standby...Lights! Camera! Action! (1982–87)
You Can't Do That on Television (1982–90)
The Third Eye (1983)
Mr. Wizard's World (1983-90)
Nick Rocks (1984-89)
Out of Control (1984–85)
Double Dare (1986–93; 2000)
Finders Keepers (1987–88)
Don't Just Sit There (1988–91)
Think Fast (1989–91)
Make the Grade (1989–91)
Hey Dude (1989–91)
1990s debuts
Wild & Crazy Kids (1990–92; 2002)
Outta Here! (1990–91)
Fifteen (1991–93)
Get the Picture (1991)
Clarissa Explains It All (1991–94)
Welcome Freshmen (1991–96)
Salute Your Shorts (1991–92)
Doug (1991–94)
Nickelodeon Launch Box (1991–94)
Rugrats (1991–2004)
The Ren & Stimpy Show (1991–96)
What Would You Do? (1991–93)
Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1991–2000)
Nick Arcade (1992)
Nick News with Linda Ellerbee (1992–2015)
Roundhouse (1992–96)
Nickelodeon Guts (1992–96)
Weinerville (1993–97)
Legends of the Hidden Temple (1993–95)
Rocko's Modern Life (1993–96)
The Adventures of Pete & Pete (1993–96)
All That (1994–2005)
Nickelodeon All-Star Challenge (1994)
The Secret World of Alex Mack (1994–98)
My Brother and Me (1994–95)
Aaahh!!! Real Monsters (1994–97)
Space Cases (1996–97)
The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo (1996–98)
The Off-Beats (1996–99)
Kenan & Kel (1996–2000)
Hey Arnold! (1996–2004)
KaBlam! (1996–2000)
The Angry Beavers (1997–2001)
Figure It Out (1997–2000; 2012–13)
The Journey of Allen Strange (1997–2000)
CatDog (1998–2005)
Oh Yeah! Cartoons (1998–2001)
You're On! (1998–99)
Cousin Skeeter (1998–2001)
The Wild Thornberrys (1998–2004)
Rocket Power (1999–2004)
100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd (1999–2002)
The Amanda Show (1999–2002)
2000s debuts
Caitlin's Way (2000–02)
The Brothers García (2000–04)
Pelswick (2000–02)
Noah Knows Best (2000–01)
As Told by Ginger (2000–04)
Taina (2001–02)
The Fairly OddParents (2001–16)
Invader Zim (2001–02)
Action League Now! (2001–02)
The Nick Cannon Show (2002–03)
Yakkity Yak (2002–03)
ChalkZone (2002–08)
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (2002–06)
Nickelodeon Robot Wars (2002)
Scaredy Camp (2002–03)
All Grown Up! (2003–08)
My Life as a Teenage Robot (2003–05)
Romeo! (2003–06)
Drake & Josh (2004–07)
Danny Phantom (2004–07)
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide (2004–07)
Unfabulous (2004–07)
Nicktoons Film Festival (2004–09)
Zoey 101 (2005–08)
Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005–08)
Catscratch (2005–07)
The X's (2005–06)
Mr. Meaty (2005–07)
Kappa Mikey (2006–07)
Just for Kicks (2006)
Just Jordan (2007–08)
El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera (2007–08)
The Naked Brothers Band (2007–09)
Wayside (2007–08)
Tak and the Power of Juju (2007–09)
iCarly (2007–12)
Back at the Barnyard (2007–11)
Dance on Sunset (2008)
The Mighty B! (2008–11)
My Family's Got Guts (2008–09)
Making Fiends (2008)
Domo TV (2008–09)
True Jackson, VP (2008–11)
The Penguins of Madagascar (2008–15)
Rugrats Pre-School Daze (2008)
The Troop (2009–11)
Fanboy & Chum Chum (2009–14)
BrainSurge (2009–14)
Big Time Rush (2009–13)
2010s debuts
Victorious (2010–13)
Planet Sheen (2010–13)
T.U.F.F. Puppy (2010–15)
House of Anubis (2011–13)
Power Rangers Samurai & Super Samurai (2011–12)
Supah Ninjas (2011–13)
Winx Club (2011–15)
Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures (2011–13)
Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness (2011–16)
Fred: The Show (2012)
How to Rock (2012)
The Legend of Korra (2012–14)
You Gotta See This (2012–14)
Marvin Marvin (2012–13)
Robot and Monster (2012–15)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012–17)
Monsters vs. Aliens (2013–14)
Power Rangers Megaforce & Super Megaforce (2013–14)
Sam & Cat (2013–14)
Sanjay and Craig (2013–16)
AwesomenessTV (2013–15)
The Haunted Hathaways (2013–15)
Rabbids Invasion (2013–17)
Instant Mom (2013–15)
Every Witch Way (2014–15)
Breadwinners (2014–16)
Webheads (2014–15)
100 Things to Do Before High School (2014–16)
Bella and the Bulldogs (2015–16)
Power Rangers Dino Charge & Dino Super Charge (2015–16)
Make It Pop (2015–16)
Harvey Beaks (2015–16)
Talia in the Kitchen (2015)
Pig Goat Banana Cricket (2015–16)
WITS Academy (2015)
The Other Kingdom (2016)
All In with Cam Newton (2016)
Legendary Dudas (2016)
Bunsen Is a Beast (2017)
Ride (2017)
Current
SpongeBob SquarePants (since 1999)
The Thundermans (since 2013)
Henry Danger (since 2014)
Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn (since 2014)
Game Shakers (since 2015)
Paradise Run (since 2016)
School of Rock (since 2016)
The Loud House (since 2016)
Crashletes (since 2016)
Jagger Eaton's Mega Life (since 2016)
Lip Sync Battle Shorties (since 2016)
Power Rangers Ninja Steel & Super Ninja Steel (since 2017)
Hunter Street (since 2017)
Welcome to the Wayne (since 2017)
The Dude Perfect Show (since 2017)
Mysticons (since 2017)
I Am Frankie (since 2017)
The Adventures of Kid Danger (since 2018)
Knight Squad (since 2018)
International
Renford Rejects
Genie in the House
Summer in Transylvania
Camp Orange (UK & Ireland)
Upcoming
Pinky Malinky (2018)
Glitch Techs (2018)
Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2018)
Power Rangers Beast Morphers (2019)
Amusement Park (2020)
Related
Nick at Nite
SNICK
Nick in the Afternoon
TEENick
Nicktoons
U-Pick Live
Nickelodeon Splat!
Nickelodeon Rewind
Nick: The Smart Place to Play
Nickelodeon Saturday programming block
Nick Studio 10
[show]
v
t
e
Frederator Studios
TV series
What a Cartoon! (episodes)
Oh Yeah! Cartoons (episodes)
The Fairly OddParents (episodes)
ChalkZone (episodes)
My Life as a Teenage Robot (episodes)
Nicktoons Film Festival
Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! (episodes)
Random! Cartoons
Ape Escape
Fanboy & Chum Chum (episodes)
Adventure Time (episodes)
Castlevania
TV specials
Fairly OddBaby
Escape from Cluster Prime
Web series
Bravest Warriors
episodes
SuperF*ckers
Bee and PuppyCat
Too Cool! Cartoons
GO! Cartoons
Feature films
The Electric Piper
Wubbzy's Big Movie!
Wubb Idol
Wishology
Grow Up, Timmy Turner!
A Fairly Odd Christmas
A Fairly Odd Summer
Related
Bolder Media
Cartoon Hangover
Channel Frederator Network
Fred Seibert
Frederator Films
Mina and the Count
Rainmaker Entertainment
Nickelodeon portal
Animation portal
Television in the United States portal
2000s portal
Cartoon portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Life_as_a_Teenage_Robot&oldid=827326966"
Categories:
My Life as a Teenage Robot
2000s American animated television series
2000s Nickelodeon shows
2003 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
American animated television programs featuring anthropomorphic characters
American children's animated action television series
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated science fantasy television series
American children's animated superhero television series
Child superheroes
Robot superheroes
Fictional robots
Nicktoons
Teen superhero television programs
Robots in television
Frederator Studios
Television series set in the 2070s
Television series about siblings
Television series about friendship
Television shows set in the United States
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use mdy dates from April 2015
Articles to be expanded from June 2010
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Suomi
ไทย
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 February 2018, at 02:25.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

values: My Life as a Teenage Robot Title Card.jpg

value: sup

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Animated_television_series
mw-redirect
Animated television series

value: li

values:
/wiki/Action_genre
mw-redirect
Action genre

attrs: href title

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
/wiki/Television_series
mw-redirect
Television series

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: The source does not mention the year, and the earliest archived copy at the Wayback Machine is from 2014. (August 2016)

values: noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact

values: background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0318233/
external text

values: Template:Nickelodeon original series and Nicktoons

values: Template talk:Nickelodeon original series and Nicktoons

values: List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon

values: Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide

values: El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera

values: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)

values: Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: A Fairly Odd Movie: Grow Up, Timmy Turner!

values:
/wiki/Rainmaker_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Rainmaker Entertainment

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: Category:2000s American animated television series

values: Category:2003 American television series debuts

values: Category:2009 American television series endings

values: Category:American animated television programs featuring anthropomorphic characters

values: Category:American children's animated action television series

values: Category:American children's animated adventure television series

values: Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series

values: Category:American children's animated superhero television series

values: Category:Teen superhero television programs

values: Category:Television series set in the 2070s

values: Category:Television series about siblings

values: Category:Television series about friendship

values: Category:Television shows set in the United States

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from June 2010

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from August 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/My_Life_as_a_Teenage_Robot
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: المراهقة الآلية – Arabic

values: חיי כרובוט מתבגרת – Hebrew

values: ジェニーはティーン☆ロボット – Japanese

values: Жизнь и приключения робота-подростка – Russian

values: จักรกลสาวใส ใจวัยทีน – Thai

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-My_Life_as_a_Teenage_Robot rootpage-My_Life_as_a_Teenage_Robot skin-vector action-view