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Ohio and Erie Canal
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Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Part of the Ohio and Erie canal during 1902.
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Location
Independence and
Valley View,
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Area
24.5 acres (99,000 m2)[1]
Built
1825
NRHP reference #
66000607
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
November 13, 1966[2]
Designated NHLD
November 13, 1966[3]
Cuyahoga Valley National Park map of a portion of the canal route.
The Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed during the 1820s and early 1830s in the U.S. state of Ohio. It connected Akron, Summit County, with the Cuyahoga River near its outlet on Lake Erie in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, and a few years later, with the River Ohio near Portsmouth, Scioto County, and then connections to other canal systems in Pennsylvania.
The canal carried freight traffic from 1827 to 1861, when the construction of railroads ended demand. From 1862 to 1913, the canal served as a water source for industries and towns. During 1913, much of the canal system was abandoned after important parts were flooded severely.
Presently, most of the portions remaining are managed by the National Park Service or Ohio Department of Natural Resources. They are used for various recreational purposes by the public, and still provide water for some industries. Parts of the canal are preserved, including the Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Agitation for a canal system (1787–1822)
1.2 Survey and design (1822)
1.3 Construction (1825–32)
1.4 Operation (1833–1913)
1.5 Abandonment
2 Notable persons associated with the Canal
3 The Canal presently
4 Points of interest
4.1 Connecting canals
4.2 Towpath Trail landmarks
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
7.1 General References
8 External links
History[edit]
Ohio, which achieved statehood during 1803, remained a sparsely populated region of 50,000 persons who were scattered throughout the state and who had no means of transporting goods economically out of the state. Without easy access to distant markets, agriculture served only local needs and large-scale manufacturing was nearly non-existent.[4]
Agitation for a canal system (1787–1822)[edit]
As early as 1787, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson had discussed the desirability of a canal linking Lake Erie to the Ohio River as part of a national system of canals.[5] It wasn't until 1807 that Ohio's first Senator, Thomas Worthington offered a resolution in Congress asking Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin to report to the Senate. During 1810, DeWitt Clinton was appointed to manage the Erie Canal Commission. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to get national aid for the construction of a canal connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River, so he enlisted the aid of state legislators and Ohio's congressional delegation. On January 15, 1812 the Ohio General Assembly passed a resolution expressing its opinion that the connection of the Great Lakes with the Hudson River was a project of "national concern". President Madison was against the proposal, however, and the War of 1812 ended official discussion.
On December 11, 1816, Clinton, by then the Governor of New York, sent a letter to the Ohio Legislature indicating his state's willingness to construct the Erie Canal without national help, and asking the State of Ohio to join the endeavor. On January 9, 1817, the Ohio Legislature directed Ohio's Governor (and former Senator) Thomas Worthington to negotiate a deal with Clinton. Due to the cost, however, the Ohio Legislature dallied, and nothing happened for the next 3 years. Finally, during January 1822, the Ohio Legislature passed acts to fund the canal system (and the state's public education obligations).
Survey and design (1822)[edit]
On January 31, 1822 the Ohio Legislature passed a resolution to employ an engineer and appoint commissioners to survey and design the canal system as soon as possible. A sum not to exceed $6000 was reserved for this purpose.
James Geddes, an engineer whose past work included experience on the New York canals, was employed. Since most of Ohio's population lived along a line from Cleveland to Cincinnati, it was necessary that these areas be served by the main trunk of the canal. Since canals must generally follow river valleys, it was difficult to design a suitable system. Specifically, the bridging of the Scioto and Miami river valleys required raising the canal to such an elevation that water from neither river could be used as a source. As a result, the canal was divided into two sections, the Ohio and Erie Canal from Cleveland to Portsmouth which crossed the Licking Divide and followed the Scioto River Valley, and the Miami and Erie Canal which connected Cincinnati to Dayton. During later years this second canal would be extended all the way to the Maumee River at Toledo.
Copies of the original survey plat maps for the construction of both Ohio canals are available on-line[6] from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
Construction (1825–32)[edit]
On February 4, 1825, the Ohio Legislature passed "An Act to provide for the Internal Improvement of the State of Ohio by Navigable Canals". The Canal Commission was authorized to borrow $400,000 during 1825, and not more than $600,000 per year thereafter. The notes issued were to be redeemable between 1850 and 1875.
On July 4, 1825, ground was broken for the canal at Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio.
The canals were specified to have a minimum width of 40 feet (12 m) at the top, 26 feet (8 m) at the bottom, and a depth of 4 feet (1.2 m) feet minimum. These limits were often exceeded, and indeed it was cheaper to do so in most cases. For example, it might be cheaper to build one embankment and then let the water fill all the way to a hillside parallel, perhaps hundreds of feet away, rather than build two embankments. By damming the rivers, long stretches of slackwater could be created which, with the addition of towpaths, could serve as portions of the canal. Where it made economic sense to do so, such as lock widths or portions of the canal through narrow rock or across aqueducts, the minimum widths were adhered to.[citation needed]
Contracts were let for the following tasks: Grubbing and clearing, Mucking and ditching, Embankment and excavation, Locks and culverts, Puddling, and Protection.
Initially, contractors in general proved to be inexperienced and unreliable. It was common for one job to receive 50 bids, many of them local to where the work was being performed. The chosen contractor, having underbid the contract, often would abscond leaving his labor force unpaid and his contract unfulfilled. This problem was so bad that many laborers refused to perform canal work for fear of not being paid. As the bidding process was improved, and more reliable contractors engaged, the situation improved.[citation needed]
Workers were initially paid $0.30 per day and offered a jigger of whiskey. As work progressed, and where labor was in shortage, workers could make as much as $15 per month. At that time, cash money was scarce in Ohio forcing much bartering. Working on the canal was appealing and attracted many farmers from their land.[citation needed]
On July 3, 1827 the first canal boat on the Ohio and Erie Canal left Akron, traveled through 41 locks and over 3 aqueducts along 37 miles (60 km) of canal, to arrive at Cleveland on July 4. While the average speed of 3 mph (4.8 km/h) may seem slow, canal boats could carry 10 tons of goods and were much more efficient than wagons over rutted trails.
Graph showing the annual expenditures and revenues accrued to the State of Ohio by the Ohio and Erie Canal from 1827 to 1903.
During the next five years, more and more portions of the canal opened, with it finally being completed during 1832:
1828 opens from Akron to Massillon, Ohio. The canal is 65 miles (105 km) long.
1829 opens from Massillon to Dover, Ohio. The canal is 93 miles (150 km) long.
1830 opens from Dover to Newark, Ohio. The canal is 177 miles (285 km) long.
1831 opens from Newark to Chillicothe, Ohio. The canal is 258 miles (415 km) long.
During 1832, the Ohio and Erie Canal was completed. The entire canal system was 308 miles (496 km) long with 146 lift locks and a rise of 1,206 feet (368 m). In addition, there were five feeder canals that added 24.8 miles (39.9 km) and 6 additional locks to the system consisting of:
Tuscarawas Feeder (3.2 miles)
Walhonding Feeder (1.3 miles)
Granville Feeder (6.1 miles)
Muskinghum Side Cut (2.6 miles)
Columbus Feeder (11.6 miles)
The canal's lock numbering system was oriented from the Lower Basin, near the southwest corner of the current Exchange and Main streets in Akron. North of the basin is Lock 1 North, and south of the basin is Lock 1 South. At this basin was the joining of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal.[7][8]
Operation (1833–1913)[edit]
The Akron Beacon Journal front page on March 25, 1913; two days after the flood.
The canals enjoyed a period of prosperity from the 1830s to the early 1860s, with maximum revenue between 1852 and 1855. During the 1840s, Ohio was the third most prosperous state, owing much of that growth to the canal.[9] Immediately after the Civil War, it became apparent that railroads would take the canal's business. From 1861 until 1879, after the canal had been badly flooded,[9] Ohio leased its canals to private owners who earned revenue from dwindling boat operation and the sale of water to factories and towns. When the state resumed ownership of the canals during 1879, it discovered that they had not been maintained well, and that state lands surrounding the canals had been sold illegally to private owners. In many cases, canals were filled in for "health reasons," with a newly laid railroad track on their right of way. Much State land was given away for free to politically savvy private owners. Nevertheless, some revenue was accrued into the early twentieth century from the sale of water rights as well as recovery and sale of land surrounding the canals.
Abandonment[edit]
After the maximum of the 1850s and a cessation of revenue due to the Civil War during the early 1860s the canal's expenditures started to outgrow its revenues due to increasing maintenance costs. By 1911, most of the southern portion of the canal had been abandoned.[9] On March 23, 1913, after a winter of record snowfall, storms dumped an abnormally heavy amount of rain on the state, causing extensive flooding. This caused the reservoirs to spill over into the canals, destroying aqueducts, washing out banks, and devastating most of the locks. In Akron, Lock 1 was dynamited to allow backed up floodwater to flow.[10]
Notable persons associated with the Canal[edit]
As a teenager during 1847, James Garfield worked as a "hoggee", driving mules to pull barges along the canal.[11] After repeatedly falling into the canal on the job Garfield became ill and decided to go to college instead.[12]
The Canal presently[edit]
Restored canal boat.
The Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District, a 24.5-acre (99,000 m2) historic district including part of the canal, was declared a National Historic Landmark during 1966.[1][3] It is a four-mile (6 km) section within the village of Valley View comprising three locks, the Tinkers Creek Aqueduct, and two other structures.[1]
A remaining watered section of the Ohio & Erie Canal is located in Summit County, Ohio. The Ohio & Erie Canal is maintained, to this day, as a water supply for local industries. After the flood, a few sections of the canal continued in use hauling cargo to local industries. Another watered section extends from the Station Road Bridge in Brecksville northwards into Valley View and Independence, all Cleveland suburbs.
The section of the Ohio & Erie Canal from the Brecksville Dam to Rockside Road in Cuyahoga County was transferred to the National Park Service during 1989 as part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreational Area (now known as the Cuyahoga Valley National Park).
A lease on the canal lands from the Cuyahoga Valley National Park to the terminus of the canal has been executed with the Cleveland Metroparks. The Metroparks manage the adjacent real estate and the surrounding Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation.
The section of the Ohio & Erie Canal still owned and maintained by the Division of Water in southern Summit is referred to as the watered section. This section runs from the north end of Summit Lake south to Barberton, a distance of about 12 miles (19 km). Included in this section is the feeder canal from the Tuscarawas River and the hydraulics at the Portage Lakes.
The Ohio & Erie Canal is maintained from Akron by a staff of six Division of Water employees. Like its sister canal, the Ohio & Erie Canal carries a large amount of stormwater. The canals were not designed to accommodate this great influx of stormwater. Most of the siltation and erosion problems experienced presently are the result of stormwater inappropriately piped into the canals over the years.
During late 1996, the canal from Zoar to Cleveland was designated a National Heritage Corridor. This designation was brought about through the efforts of many communities, civic organizations, businesses and individuals working in partnership.
A map showing the disposition of the canal lands[13] is available on-line from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
Points of interest[edit]
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Towpath bridge across the Innerbelt in downtown Akron.
Alexander's (a.k.a. Wilson's) Mill
Richard Howe House (future site)
Boston Store
Canal Visitor Center
Frazee House
St. Helena III Historic Boat Ride in Canal Fulton
Mustill Store
Peninsula Depot
Station Road Bridge
Tinkers Creek Aqueduct
Restored canal town Historic Roscoe Village Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
Monticello III Canal Ride on Mudport Basin Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
Restored Walhonding Aqueduct Bridge Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
Connecting canals[edit]
The Ohio and Erie Canal initially provided a connection between Akron and Lake Erie at Cleveland, then extending all the way to the Ohio River within a few years. Later, connecting canal systems were built connecting it with the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal and other parts of Eastern Ohio.[14]
Ohio and Erie Canal - Connecting Canals
[hide]Coordinates
Elevation
Name
Description
Columbus Feeder Lockbourne, Columbus, Franklin County
Granville Feeder Granville, Licking County
Hocking Valley Carroll, Lancaster, Fairfield County;
Logan, Hocking County;
Nelsonville, Athens, Athens County
Muskingum Side Cut Dresden, Zanesville, Muskingum County;
McConnelsville, Morgan County;
Marietta, Washington County
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Akron, Summit County;
Kent, Ravenna, Portage County;
Warren, Trumbull County;
Youngstown, Mahoning County; Ohio;;
Lawrence; Beaver, Beaver County; Allegheny, Pennsylvania[15]
40°44′27″N 80°53′37″W / 40.74083°N 80.89361°W / 40.74083; -80.89361 (Sandy Beaver Canal)[16][17] 1,112 feet (339 m)[16][17] Sandy and Beaver Canal
a.k.a. Tuscarawas Feeder Bolivar, Tuscarawas County;
Hanoverton, Lisbon, East Liverpool, Columbiana County;
Glasgow, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
40°19′19″N 81°56′49″W / 40.32194°N 81.94694°W / 40.32194; -81.94694 (Walhonding Canal)[18] 774 feet (236 m)[18] Walhonding Canal Roscoe Village, Coshocton County;
Brinkhaven, Knox County
Towpath Trail landmarks[edit]
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An all-purpose bicycle/pedestrian trail was constructed by Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Southern Cuyahoga County and Northern Summit County, Cleveland Metroparks in Northern Cuyahoga County, and Akron/Summit County Metroparks in Southern Summit County to roughly follow the original Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath route.[19] (The northernmost section in Cuyahoga County is still undergoing construction.) There are many connecting trails going to other points of interest throughout their park systems.
Please help by expanding this section with any notable landmarks along the Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail.
Restored canal Twelve Mile Lock 38, Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Peninsula Lock 29,
Peninsula Aqueduct steel trusses
over Cuyahoga River in background.
Deep Lock 28 as it existed in 1985
44_North
Mill_Creek
Tinkers_Creek
Peninsula
Furnace_Run
Akron
Canal_Fulton
Massillon
Sandy Beaver
Bolivar
Walhonding
Baltimore
Canal_Winchester
Lockbourne
Carroll
Ohio Canal system
Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail Landmarks
[hide]Mile
Post
B[›]
ID
#
Coordinates
Elevation
Name
Type
Municipality
County
Description
0 44 North 41°29′39.76″N 81°42′10.4″W / 41.4943778°N 81.702889°W / 41.4943778; -81.702889 ("Lock 44")[20] 0 feet (0 m) Cuyahoga River Sloop Lock Cleveland Cuyahoga Merwin Street between James street and West street
43 North 0 feet (0 m) Lock Cleveland Cuyahoga Sherwin Williams, James and West, Merrwin and Vineyard
0 feet (0 m) Weigh Lock Cleveland Cuyahoga Seneca a.k.a. West 3rd. street
3 42 North 0 feet (0 m) Lock Cleveland Cuyahoga relocated to 42A,
3 42A North 0 feet (0 m) Weigh and Guard Lock Cleveland Cuyahoga near Grasselli chemical company, Dille street and Independence road
5 41 North 41°26′49.38″N 81°40′56.88″W / 41.4470500°N 81.6824667°W / 41.4470500; -81.6824667 ("Five Mile Lock 41")[21] 0 feet (0 m) RathBuns Lock Cuyahoga near Austin Powder Works, Harvard Road, near Jennings Road
8 40 North 41°25′8.82″N 81°38′38.58″W / 41.4191167°N 81.6440500°W / 41.4191167; -81.6440500 ("Eight Mile Lock 40")[22] 0 feet (0 m) Willow Lock Cuyahoga Heights Cuyahoga off Canal Road, near I-77
41°25′2.53″N 81°38′18.88″W / 41.4173694°N 81.6385778°W / 41.4173694; -81.6385778 ("Mill Creek Aqueduct")[23] 0 feet (0 m) Mill Creek Aqueduct Cuyahoga Heights Cuyahoga carries canal over Mill Creek (Cuyahoga River) off Canal Road
41°24′57″N 81°38′2″W / 41.41583°N 81.63389°W / 41.41583; -81.63389 ("GNIS-OEC-17 Cleveland South topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 17 Cleveland South topographic map
Bridge Cuyahoga Rockside Road
TrailHead Cuyahoga CVSR
11 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
11 39 North 41°23′24.22″N 81°37′28.95″W / 41.3900611°N 81.6247083°W / 41.3900611; -81.6247083 ("Eleven Mile Lock 39")[25] 590 feet (180 m)[26] Lock Independence Cuyahoga
41°23′4″N 81°37′7″W / 41.38444°N 81.61861°W / 41.38444; -81.61861 ("GNIS-OEC-16 Shaker Heights topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 16 Shaker Heights topographic map
12 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
Bridge Cuyahoga Hillside Road
TrailHead Cuyahoga CVSR-Canal Visitor Center, 7104 Canal Road and Hillside Road
12 38 North 41°22′20.78″N 81°36′46.23″W / 41.3724389°N 81.6128417°W / 41.3724389; -81.6128417 ("Twelve Mile Lock 38")[27] 600 feet (180 m)[28] Lock Valley View Cuyahoga Canal Visitor Center
Cuyahoga County Tinkers Creek Road
13 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
41°21′53″N 81°36′32″W / 41.36472°N 81.60889°W / 41.36472; -81.60889 ("Tinkers Creek Aqueduct")[29] 610 feet (190 m)[29] Tinkers Creek Aqueduct Cuyahoga carries canal over Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River)A[›]
Bridge Cuyahoga Alexander Road-Pleasant Valley Road
14 37 North 41°21′24.06″N 81°35′49.02″W / 41.3566833°N 81.5969500°W / 41.3566833; -81.5969500 ("Fourteen Mile Lock 37")[30] 620 feet (190 m)[31] Lock Cuyahoga Alexander's Mill
Mill Cuyahoga Alexanders (a.k.a. Wilsons)
14 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
Trailhead Cuyahoga Sagamore Road
15 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
16 MilePost Marker Cuyahoga
41°21′20″N 81°35′46″W / 41.35556°N 81.59611°W / 41.35556; -81.59611 ("GNIS-OEC-15 Northfield topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 15 Northfield topographic map
17 36 North 41°19′23.06″N 81°35′11.9″W / 41.3230722°N 81.586639°W / 41.3230722; -81.586639 ("Pinery Dam and Feeder Lock 36")[32] 0 feet (0 m)[33] Pinery Dam and Feeder Lock Summit
Bridge Summit SR-82
17 MilePost Marker Summit
TrailHead Summit Station Road bridge to CVSR-Brecksville
19 35 North 41°18′45.43″N 81°34′59.89″W / 41.3126194°N 81.5833028°W / 41.3126194; -81.5833028 ("Kettlewell Whiskey Lock 35")[34] 0 feet (0 m)[35] Kettlewell Whiskey Lock Summit
18 MilePost Marker Summit
Trail Summit Old Carriage
Trail Summit Old Carriage Connector
19 MilePost Marker Summit
20 34 North 41°17′21.08″N 81°33′51.99″W / 41.2891889°N 81.5644417°W / 41.2891889; -81.5644417 ("Red Lock 34")[36] 0 feet (0 m)[37] Red Lock Summit Jaite in southwestern Northfield Township[38]
TrailHead Red Lock
Bridge Summit Highland Road
20 MilePost Marker Summit
20.5 33 North 41°16′33.52″N 81°33′38.14″W / 41.2759778°N 81.5605944°W / 41.2759778; -81.5605944 ("Wallace Lock 33")[39] 0 feet (0 m)[40] Wallace Lock Summit in Boston Township[41]
21 MilePost Marker Summit
21 32 North 41°15′56″N 81°33′31″W / 41.26556°N 81.55861°W / 41.26556; -81.55861 ("Boston Lock 32")[42] 659 feet (201 m)[42] Boston Lock Summit Boston Township
Summit Boston Mills Road
TrailHead Summit CVSR-Boston Store
Bridge Summit I-271 Southbound
Bridge Summit I-271 Northbound
Bridge Summit I-80 Westbound
Bridge Summit I-80 Eastbound
22 MilePost Marker Summit
Summit Stumpy Basin
22 31 North 41°15′5.93″N 81°32′45.36″W / 41.2516472°N 81.5459333°W / 41.2516472; -81.5459333 ("Lonesome Lock 31")[43] 670 feet (200 m)[44] Lonesome Lock Summit was in Boston Township[45]
23 MilePost Marker Summit
23 30 North 41°14′44.04″N 81°33′14.87″W / 41.2455667°N 81.5541306°W / 41.2455667; -81.5541306 ("Peninsula Feeder Lock 30")[46] 680 feet (210 m)[47] Peninsula Feeder Lock Peninsula Summit
Peninsula TrailHead Peninsula Summit CVSR
23 29 North 41°14′33.54″N 81°33′1.29″W / 41.2426500°N 81.5503583°W / 41.2426500; -81.5503583 ("Peninsula Lock 29")[48] 690 feet (210 m)[49] Peninsula Lock Peninsula Summit
41°14′33.01″N 81°33′0.86″W / 41.2425028°N 81.5502389°W / 41.2425028; -81.5502389 ("Peninsula Aqueduct")[50] 700 feet (210 m)[51] Peninsula Aqueduct Peninsula Summit carried canal over Cuyahoga River
Bridge Summit SR-303
24 MilePost Marker Summit
25 28 North 41°13′57.38″N 81°33′6.77″W / 41.2326056°N 81.5518806°W / 41.2326056; -81.5518806 ("Deep Lock 28")[52] 700 feet (210 m)[52][53] Deep Lock Peninsula Summit at 17 feet (5.2 m) the deepest lock along the canal
TrailHead Summit Deep Lock Quarry
25 MilePost Marker Summit
26 MilePost Marker Summit
27 27 North 41°12′16.25″N 81°34′15.43″W / 41.2045139°N 81.5709528°W / 41.2045139; -81.5709528 ("Johnny Cake Lock 27")[54] 710 feet (220 m)[55] Johnny Cake Lock Summit
41°12′7″N 81°34′21″W / 41.20194°N 81.57250°W / 41.20194; -81.57250 ("Furnace Run Aqueduct")[56] 718 feet (219 m)[56] Furnace Run Aqueduct Summit carried canal over Furnace Run (Cuyahoga River)
27 MilePost Marker Summit
Bridge Summit Bolanz Road
28 MilePost Marker Summit
Summit Beaver Marsh
28 26 North 41°11′7.74″N 81°34′52.05″W / 41.1854833°N 81.5811250°W / 41.1854833; -81.5811250 ("Pancake Lock 26")[57][58] 718 feet (219 m)[57] Pancake Lock Summit
Ira TrailHead Summit CVSR
29 MilePost Marker Summit
28 25 North 41°10′32.27″N 81°34′46.82″W / 41.1756306°N 81.5796722°W / 41.1756306; -81.5796722 ("Mudcatcher Lock 25")[59] 0 feet (0 m)[60] Mudcatcher Lock Summit
30 24 North 41°10′20.5″N 81°34′40.93″W / 41.172361°N 81.5780361°W / 41.172361; -81.5780361 ("Niles Lock 24")[61] 0 feet (0 m)[62] Niles Lock Summit
Bridge Summit Yellow Creek (Cuyahoga River)
30 MilePost Marker Summit
Bridge Summit Bath Road
Indian Mound TrailHead Summit CVSR
41°3′57″N 81°32′12″W / 41.06583°N 81.53667°W / 41.06583; -81.53667 ("GNIS-OEC-14 Akron West topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 14 Akron West topographic map
32 23 North 0 feet (0 m) Booth port Lock Summit sewer pipe
32 22 North Booth port Lock Summit Merriman sewer pipe
33 21 North Lock Summit sewer over-flow
20 North Lock Summit train abutments
19 North Black Dog Crossing Lock Summit near Hickory and Memorial
35 18 North Lock Summit
36 17 North Lock Summit
36 16 North Lock Summit
36 15 North Akron Mustill Store Lock Akron Summit
36 14 North Lock Akron Summit North Street
36 13 North Lock Akron Summit
36 12 North Lock Akron Summit
36 11 North Lock Akron Summit
36 10 North Lock Akron Summit
9 North Lock Akron Summit north of Market street
8 North Lock Akron Summit tunnel
37 7 North Lock Akron Summit middle tunnel
37 6 North Lock Akron Summit tunnel below parking deck North of Mill street
37 5 North Lock Akron Summit tunnel
37 4 North Lock Akron Summit tunnel
37 3 North Lock Akron Summit South Main street
38 2 North Lock Akron Summit Water street
38 1 North Lock Akron Summit West Exchange street
0 Portage landing Lock Akron Summit Portage lakes, Manchester Road
1 South Wolf creek Lock Barberton Summit Snyder avenue
Wolf creek Aqueduct Barberton Summit Snyder avenue
40°54′37″N 81°37′51″W / 40.91028°N 81.63083°W / 40.91028; -81.63083 ("GNIS-OEC-13 Doylestown topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 13 Doylestown topographic map
2 South Lock New Franklin Stark Center Road
3 South Lock New Franklin Stark Center Road
40°53′2″N 81°35′37″W / 40.88389°N 81.59361°W / 40.88389; -81.59361 ("GNIS-OEC-12 Canal Fulton topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 12 Canal Fulton topographic map
4 South Lock Canal Fulton Stark
40°47′43″N 81°31′22″W / 40.79528°N 81.52278°W / 40.79528; -81.52278 ("GNIS-OEC-11 Massillon topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 11 Massillon topographic map
Trailhead Massillon Stark
40°39′32″N 81°27′22″W / 40.65889°N 81.45611°W / 40.65889; -81.45611 ("GNIS-OEC-10 Bolivar topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 10 Bolivar topographic map
39°58′17″N 82°29′15″W / 39.97139°N 82.48750°W / 39.97139; -82.48750 ("GNIS-OEC-9 Thornville topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 9 Thornville topographic map
39°53′22″N 82°32′21″W / 39.88944°N 82.53917°W / 39.88944; -82.53917 ("GNIS-OEC-8 Millersport topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 8 Millersport topographic map
5 South Lock
5A South Lock
Lock
Lock
31 South Lock
32 South Lock
33 South Lock
North 20 Lock
North 19 Lock
North 18 Lock
Lock
Lock
North 1 Lock
North 0 Minthorn Lock Newark Licking
South 0 Pugh Lock
South 1 195 King Watson Lock Canal Road
39°51′41″N 82°33′38″W / 39.86139°N 82.56056°W / 39.86139; -82.56056 ("GNIS-OEC-7 Baltimore topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 7 Baltimore topographic map
196 South 2 David Miller's White Mill Lock Baltimore Fairfield
197.4 South 3 Norris Mill Lock Baltimore Fairfield
South 4 Short Level Lock Baltimore Fairfield
198 South 5 Dry Dock Lock Baltimore Fairfield
198.3 South 6 Mulnix Mill Lock Baltimore Fairfield
198.8 South 7 Wells Mill Lock Basil, Ohio
200 South 8 39° 50' 11.5254"
-82° 37' 26.3994"
Bibler Lock Baltimore Fairfield Previous town Basil, Ohio
Behind the water treatment plant.
208 South 9 Lock Carroll Fairfield
South 10 Lock Carroll, Ohio Fairfield
206 South 11 Lock Violet Township Fairfield County, Ohio Upper Lockville
South 12 Tennis/Tennat Lock Lockville
South 13 Rowe Lock Lockville
South 14 Smallwood Lock
South 15 Fickle Mill Short Level Lock Lockville
South 16 Rover Short Level Lock Lockville
South 17 Swimmer's Lock Lockville
South 18 Creek Lock Lockvile
208 Walnet Creek Guard Lock
39°51′16″N 82°52′19″W / 39.85444°N 82.87194°W / 39.85444; -82.87194 ("GNIS-OEC-6 Canal Winchester topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 6 Canal Winchester topographic map
210 South 19 Chaney's Mill Lock Canal Winchester
210 South 20 Woolen Lock Canal Winchester Gender Road
South 21 Lock Canal Winchester near Glenarda Farms, Groveport Road
George's Culvert Canal Winchester
South 22 39°51'16"N
82° 52' 21"W
Groveport Lock Groveport Franklin Behind the Groveport Aquatic Recreation Center.
39°51′14″N 82°52′34″W / 39.85389°N 82.87611°W / 39.85389; -82.87611 ("GNIS-OEC-5 Lockbourne topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 5 Lockbourne topographic map
217 South 23 Lock Lockbourne Franklin Canal Road
217 South 24 Lock Lockbourne Franklin Canal Road
217 South 25 Lock Lockbourne Franklin Canal Road
217.5 South 26 Lock Lockbourne Franklin
218 South 27 Lock Lockbourne Franklin Canal Road
218 South 28 Lock Lockbourne Franklin under railroad track bed
South 29 Lock
South 30 Lock Lockbourne Franklin Lockmeadows Park
39°48′45″N 82°43′37″W / 39.81250°N 82.72694°W / 39.81250; -82.72694 ("GNIS-OEC-4 Carroll topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 4 Carroll topographic map
39°45′0″N 82°39′49″W / 39.75000°N 82.66361°W / 39.75000; -82.66361 ("GNIS-OEC-3 Amanda topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 3 Amanda topographic map
39°39′55″N 82°58′8″W / 39.66528°N 82.96889°W / 39.66528; -82.96889 ("GNIS-OEC-2 Ashville topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 2 Ashville topographic map
40°25′20″N 81°24′17″W / 40.42222°N 81.40472°W / 40.42222; -81.40472 ("GNIS-OEC-1 New Philadelphia topo")[24] 0 feet (0 m) GNIS GNIS 1 New Philadelphia topographic map
Columbus Feeder East Guard Lock
Columbus Feeder West Guard Lock
226 South 31 Ashville Campbells Mill Lock
237 South 32 Aqueduct Lock Scioto River, West of Circleville
237 Circleville Feeder Lock Spunkytown
238 South 33 Lock Wayne Township
238 South 34 Lock Wayne Township
South 35 Lock Chillicothe, Ohio
256 South 36 Lock Chillicothe, Ohio
258 South 37 Lock Chillicothe, Ohio parking lot
South 38 Fifth Street Lock Chillicothe, Ohio
261 South 39 Upper Lunbeck Lock
261 South 40 Lower Lunbeck Lock Scioto Township Pickaway near Renick Lane 601
South 41 Tomlinsons Lock 3 Locks Road, South of Chillicothe
South 42 Tomlinsons Lock
South 43 Tomlinsons Lock
Tomlinsons Dam and Feeder Guard Lock
South 44 Waverly Lock
280 South 45 U Pee Pee Lock
280 South 46 L Pee Pee Lock
291 South 47 Howards Lock near Robers 18 mi (29 km) Lock Farm
South 48 Herod's Lock
South 49 Rushs Brush Creek Lock
South 50 Union Mills Lock
South 51 Union Mills Moss Lock near Ohio State Route 239
South 52 Union Mills Lock
305 South 53 Elbow Lock
South 54 Lock Portsmouth Scioto County
308 South 55 38°43'34.4172"N
83°01'52.9896"W
Ohio River Terminal Lock West Portsmouth Scioto County near Old River Road, Portsmouth/Alexandria
Travels through Cuyahoga, Summit, Stark, Licking, Franklin, Fairfield, Pickaway, and Scioto counties.[24]
See also[edit]
Canal Fulton, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
List of canals in the United States
Miami and Erie Canal
Valley View Bridge
Zoar, Ohio
Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
Notes[edit]
^ A: In 2007-2008-? Tinkers Creek Aqueduct is undergoing renovation following flood damage from Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River) and Cuyahoga River
^ B: Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail miles are measured from its original connection with Lake Erie at Lock 44 on the Cuyahoga River, and marked with a 3.3 feet (1.0 m)-tall sandstone obelisk at each mile mark.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Mendinghall, Joseph S. (February 28, 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Ohio and Erie Canal" (PDF). National Park Service.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ohio and Erie Canal". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
Jump up ^ "History Ohio's Canals.". Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
Jump up ^ Hagerty, J.E., McClelland C.P. and Huntington, C.C., History of the Ohio Canals, Their construction, cost, use and partial abandonment, Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus, OH 1905
Jump up ^ Ohio & Erie, Miami & Erie Canal Plat Maps Main Page
Jump up ^ Ehmann P&O
Jump up ^ http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/heartland/prairie/6687/pennohio.htm&date=2009-10-25+23:48:48
^ Jump up to: a b c "Captain Pearl R. Nye: Life on the Ohio and Erie Canal". Retrieved 2007-04-21. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
Jump up ^ Jack Gieck; with an introduction by George W. Knepper (1988). A photo album of Ohio's canal era, 1825-1913. [Kent, Ohio]: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-353-2.
Jump up ^ "Biography of James Garfield". The White House. Retrieved 2006-03-14.
Jump up ^ "Life Portrait of James Garfiled". c-span.org. C-SPAN. Retrieved 3 September 2016. HE FELL IN THE (CANAL) BY HIS ESTIMATE 16 TIMES AND WAS FISHED OUT EACH TIME. AFTER HE WAS ONLY ON THERE FOR ABOUT SIX WEEKS, CAME HOME NOT SURPRISINGLY, WITH A TERRIBLE FEVER AND THE AGUE SHIVERED AND SHOOK FOR A COUPLE OF WEEKS UNTIL HIS MOTHER GOT A HIM OFF THE CANAL AND INTO SCHOOL.
Jump up ^ Historic Canal System Current Status - Year 2000 Map
Jump up ^ "Canals of Ohio 1825-1913 map" (JPEG). The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior.
Jump up ^ "Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sandy Beaver Canal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sandy Beaver Canal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Walhonding Canal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ "Ohio and Erie Canal". Cleveland Memory, Cleveland State University Libraries.
Jump up ^ Lock 44 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Ohio and Erie Canal and Towpath Trail, Part 2". NorthEastOhio-RoadRunner.
Jump up ^ "Ohio and Erie Canal and Towpath Trail, Part 3". NorthEastOhio-RoadRunner.
Jump up ^ Mill Creek Aqueduct manually plotted in Google Earth
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Ohio Canal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Eleven Mile Lock 39 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Eleven Mile Lock 39 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ Twelve Mile Lock 38 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Twelve Mile Lock 38 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tinkers Creek Aqueduct". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Fourteen Mile Lock 37 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Fourteen Mile Lock 37 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ Pinery Dam and Feeder Lock 36 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Pinery Dam and Feeder Lock 36 topographic map
Jump up ^ Kettlewell Whiskey Lock 35 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Whiskey Lock 35 topographic map
Jump up ^ Red Lock 34 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Red Lock 34 topographic map
Jump up ^ "Red Lock (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Wallace Lock 33 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Wallace Lock 33 topographic map
Jump up ^ "Wallace Lock (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Boston Lock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Lonesome Lock 31 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Lonesome Lock 31 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ "Lonesome Lock (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Peninsula Feeder Lock 30 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Peninsula Feeder Lock 30 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ Peninsula Lock 29 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Peninsula Lock 29 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ Peninsula Aqueduct manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Peninsula Aqueduct topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
^ Jump up to: a b "Deep Lock (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03. Deep Lock manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Deep Lock 28 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
Jump up ^ Johnny Cake Lock 27 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ "Johnny Cake Lock 27 topographic map". USGS via Microsoft Research Maps.
^ Jump up to: a b "Furnace Run Aqueduct". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pancake Lock (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ Pancake Lock 26 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Mudcatcher Lock 25 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Mudcatcher Lock 25 topographic map
Jump up ^ Niles Lock 24 manually plotted in Google Earth
Jump up ^ Niles Lock 24 topographic map
General References[edit]
National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior
"Ohio and Erie Canal Map" (JPEG). National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior.
"Ohio and Erie Canal towpath trail". National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior.
"Ohio and Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior.
"The Ohio & Erie Canal: Catalyst of Economic Development for Ohio, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan". National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior.
"Chapter 13 Transportation - Canals" (PDF). Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
"The Ohio and Erie Canal in Cleveland". Cleveland Memory, Cleveland State University Libraries.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ohio and Erie Canal.
Report from the 1872 Inspection of the Ohio & Erie Canal
Images of the Ohio & Erie Canal at Summit Memory
Ohio and Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor
Ohio and Erie Canal Photo Essay
"Water And Steel, Concrete And Earth", Erin O'Brien, Cleveland Free Times, July 25, 2007
Pictures around Waverly
Southern Ohio Museum The Ackerman Collection of Historical Photographs
Historic Roscoe Village - A restored 1830 Ohio and Erie Canal Town, Triple Locks, Walhonding Aqueduct Bridge, Canal Boat Rides on an original section of the Ohio and Erie Canal.

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ohio_and_Erie_Canal&oldid=793759320"
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Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Whip Nae Nae(Watch Me)"
Single by Silentó
Released
May 5, 2015
Format
Digital download
Recorded
November 2014
Genre
Hip hop
dance-pop
Length
3:05
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Ricky Hawk
Timothy Mingo
Producer(s)
Bolo Da Producer
Silentó singles chronology
"Whip Nae Nae(Watch Me)"
(2015) "Lightning in a Bottle"
(2015)
"Watch Me"
(2015) "Lightning in a Bottle"
(2015)
Music video
"Watch Me" on YouTube
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)" is the debut single by the American rapper Silentó. In March 2015, he was signed to Capitol Records, which released the track as a single with an accompanying music video. The song peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100, where it has spent 6 non-consecutive weeks. With a viral clip on YouTube, the song was popular for its dance despite mixed reviews, a combination of 2 popular moves cited in the title: the "Whip (dance)" and the "Nae Nae"[1] as well as other hip hop dances from various songs "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" and "Stanky Legg".
Contents
1 Release
1.1 Music video
1.2 DanceOn Campaign
2 Reception
2.1 Commercial
2.2 Critical
2.3 In other media
3 Charts and certifications
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
3.3 Certifications
4 References
Release[edit]
The song was released on May 5, 2015. Starting August 28 until September 6, 2015, Silentó performed a remixed version for Nickelodeon to help advertise their Labor Day weekend line-up of shows (ALVINNN!!! and the Chipmunks, Harvey Beaks, Sanjay and Craig, and Pig Goat Banana Cricket) under the title "Epic Dance Party". In the promos, portions of Silentó's original music video are used, although there are new shots featuring him dancing with the Nick characters and rapping the remix.[2]
Music video[edit]
The music video was uploaded online on Silentó's Vevo channel on YouTube on June 25, 2015 and shot in Atlanta, Georgia. It was directed by Marc Klasfeld. Set in a high school gymnasium, Silentó performs the dance moves mentioned in the song with dance crews, high school and university cheerleaders, fans, even a trio of conservative women who later join in on the dance, and also incorporates videos sent in by viewers. Lil Scrappy and Rich White Ladies make guest appearances in the video.[3] As of August 2018, it has surpassed 1.5 billion views on YouTube,[4] making it one of the site's 50 most viewed videos.[5]
DanceOn Campaign[edit]
The digital media company DanceOn was crucial to the success of “Watch Me (Whip/ Nae Nae).” After striking a deal with Silentó, DanceOn reached out to its network of dance content creators to make instructional videos to the song for their #WatchMeDanceOn campaign. 50 of their creators made videos that they then posted on YouTube. Instantly they gained popularity bringing in more than 250 million views in under three months.[6] The campaign was launched on April 13, 2015 and by May 22, 2015 the track’s sales tripled from 17,000 units a week to 42,000 a week.[7]
Reception[edit]
Commercial[edit]
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, where it has spent six non-consecutive weeks being kept from number one on the chart by songs such as "Cheerleader" by Omi and "Can't Feel My Face" by The Weeknd. It spent eighteen weeks in the top ten of that chart before dropping out on October 14, 2015.[8] Internationally, the song has peaked within the top ten of the charts in Australia, as well as the top twenty of the charts in Denmark, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.[9] The song reached over 2 million in sales by November 2015,[10] and has sold 2,440,000 copies as of June 2016.[11]
Critical[edit]
The song received mostly positive reviews for its dance. It also received a nomination for Song of the Summer at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards[12] and another nomination for R&B/Hip-Hop Song at the Teen Choice Awards.[13] However, it was not immune to negative reception, as Australian site Irkitated named it one of the absolute "worst songs".[14][dead link]
In other media[edit]
The song is featured in the television shows South Park, The $100,000 Pyramid, and The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.[citation needed] It can also be heard in the film The Emoji Movie and the first teaser trailer for Trolls. The track appears in the video game Just Dance 2017, and is playable in the demo for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch, Wii U copies of the demo keep Sorry as the playable demo track.[citation needed]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2015–16)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[15]
9
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[16]
65
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)[17]
31
Belgium Urban (Ultratop Flanders)[17]
6
Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia)[18]
41
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[19]
15
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[20]
46
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[21]
40
Denmark (Tracklisten)[22]
16
France (SNEP)[23]
19
Germany (Official German Charts)[24]
50
Ireland (IRMA)[25]
35
Italy (FIMI)[26]
95
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[27]
17
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[28]
11
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[29]
43
South Africa (EMA)[30]
6
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[31]
52
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[32]
41
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[33]
19
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[34]
2
US Billboard Hot 100[35]
3
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[36]
24
US Latin Airplay (Billboard)[37]
36
US Latin Pop Songs (Billboard)[38]
39
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[39]
2
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[40]
18
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[41]
3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2015)
Position
Radio Disney (Top 30)[42]
5
Australia (ARIA)[43]
52
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[44]
42
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[45]
48
US Billboard Hot 100[46]
8
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[47]
3
Chart (2016)
Position
Brazil (Brasil Hot 100)[48]
69
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[49]
99
US Billboard Hot 100[50]
88
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[51]
2× Platinum 140,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[52]
2× Platinum 160,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[53]
Platinum 15,000*
Poland (ZPAV)[54]
Platinum 20,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[55]
Silver 200,000^
United States (RIAA)[56]
6× Platinum 6,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stanos, Brittany (9 December 2015). "2015's 10 Most Viewed Music Videos on YouTube". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Nickelodeon (2015-08-27), Watch Me Whip Nae Nae Nick Remix | Silentó | Nick, retrieved 2016-08-25
Jump up ^ "Watch Me: Behind the Scenes" from YouTube (Posted July 21, 2015)
Jump up ^ SilentoVEVO (2015-06-25), Silentó - Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae) (Official), retrieved 2016-08-17
Jump up ^ "Most Viewed Videos of All Time (Over 375 million views)". YouTube. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Madonna cofounded a startup that manufactures viral dance trends — and 'Whip/Nae Nae' was its first monster hit". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
Jump up ^ "Atlanta Rapper Silento's Road to a Label Deal, Chart Success: Professional YouTubers". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". acharts.co. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Mansell, Henry (14 November 2015). "Hip Hop Single Sales: Drake, Justin Timberlake & The Weeknd". HipHopDX. Cheri Media Group. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 06/06/2016" (PDF). Nielsen SoundScan. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Song of Summer". MTV. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "2015 Teen Choice Awards, Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule". chiff.com. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Irkitated. "Worst Songs-crazy- Silento - Watch me Whip and Watch me Nae Nae - Irkitated". Irkitated. Retrieved 3 November 2015. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ö3 Austria Top40: Single-Charts". orf.at. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ultratop.be – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Canada CHR/Top 40: Sep 12, 2015". Billboard. Retrieved 22 September 2015. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201534 into search. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Tracklisten. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)" (in French). Less classement single. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Silentó Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 35, 2015". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top Digital - Classifica settimanale WK 37 (dal 2015-09-11 al 2015-09-17)". Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201535 into search. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "EMA Top 10 Airplay: Week Ending 2015-09-15". Entertainment Monitoring Africa. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Singles Top 60. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Silentó – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Latin Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Latin Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silento Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Radio Disney - Year End Charts - Top 50 Songs of 2015". Disney. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 100 Singles 2015". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100 Year End 2015". Billboard. Prometheus Media Group. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top Selling Singles of 2015". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100: Year End 2015". Billboard. billboard.com. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Year-end - US Hot R&B/Hop-hop Songs". Billboard.com. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "As 100 Mais Tocadas nas Rádios Jovens em 2016". Billboard Brasil (in Portuguese). January 4, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100 Year End 2016". Billboard. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Songs - Year-End 2016". Billboard. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2016 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Silento – Watch Me". Music Canada. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Silento – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Polish single certifications – Silento – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Silento – Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 30, 2016. Select singles in the Format field. Select Silver in the Certification field. Enter Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae) in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Silento – Watch Me (Whip / Nae Nae)". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 30, 2016. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watch_Me_(Whip/Nae_Nae)&oldid=856156539"
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