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Arithmetic logic unit
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A symbolic representation of an ALU and its input and output signals, indicated by arrows pointing into or out of the ALU, respectively. Each arrow represents one or more signals. Control signals enter from the left and status signals exit on the right; data flows from top to bottom.
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. An ALU is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs). A single CPU, FPU or GPU may contain multiple ALUs.
The inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code indicating the operation to be performed; the ALU's output is the result of the performed operation. In many designs, the ALU also has status inputs or outputs, or both, which convey information about a previous operation or the current operation, respectively, between the ALU and external status registers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Signals
1.1 Data
1.2 Opcode
1.3 Status
1.3.1 Outputs
1.3.2 Inputs
2 Circuit operation
3 Functions
3.1 Arithmetic operations
3.2 Bitwise logical operations
3.3 Bit shift operations
4 Applications
4.1 Multiple-precision arithmetic
4.2 Complex operations
5 Implementation
6 History
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Signals[edit]
An ALU has a variety of input and output nets, which are the electrical conductors used to convey digital signals between the ALU and external circuitry. When an ALU is operating, external circuits apply signals to the ALU inputs and, in response, the ALU produces and conveys signals to external circuitry via its outputs.
Data[edit]
A basic ALU has three parallel data buses consisting of two input operands (A and B) and a result output (Y). Each data bus is a group of signals that conveys one binary integer number. Typically, the A, B and Y bus widths (the number of signals comprising each bus) are identical and match the native word size of the external circuitry (e.g., the encapsulating CPU or other processor).
Opcode[edit]
The opcode input is a parallel bus that conveys to the ALU an operation selection code, which is an enumerated value that specifies the desired arithmetic or logic operation to be performed by the ALU. The opcode size (its bus width) determines the maximum number of different operations the ALU can perform; for example, a four-bit opcode can specify up to sixteen different ALU operations. Generally, an ALU opcode is not the same as a machine language opcode, though in some cases it may be directly encoded as a bit field within a machine language opcode.
Status[edit]
Outputs[edit]
The status outputs are various individual signals that convey supplemental information about the result of the current ALU operation. General-purpose ALUs commonly have status signals such as:
Carry-out, which conveys the carry resulting from an addition operation, the borrow resulting from a subtraction operation, or the overflow bit resulting from a binary shift operation.
Zero, which indicates all bits of Y are logic zero.
Negative, which indicates the result of an arithmetic operation is negative.
Overflow, which indicates the result of an arithmetic operation has exceeded the numeric range of Y.
Parity, which indicates whether an even or odd number of bits in Y are logic one.
At the end of each ALU operation, the status output signals are usually stored in external registers to make them available for future ALU operations (e.g., to implement multiple-precision arithmetic) or for controlling conditional branching. The collection of bit registers that store the status outputs are often treated as a single, multi-bit register, which is referred to as the "status register" or "condition code register".
Inputs[edit]
The status inputs allow additional information to be made available to the ALU when performing an operation. Typically, this is a single "carry-in" bit that is the stored carry-out from a previous ALU operation.
Circuit operation[edit]
The combinational logic circuitry of the 74181 integrated circuit, which is a simple four-bit ALU
An ALU is a combinational logic circuit, meaning that its outputs will change asynchronously in response to input changes. In normal operation, stable signals are applied to all of the ALU inputs and, when enough time (known as the "propagation delay") has passed for the signals to propagate through the ALU circuitry, the result of the ALU operation appears at the ALU outputs. The external circuitry connected to the ALU is responsible for ensuring the stability of ALU input signals throughout the operation, and for allowing sufficient time for the signals to propagate through the ALU before sampling the ALU result.
In general, external circuitry controls an ALU by applying signals to its inputs. Typically, the external circuitry employs sequential logic to control the ALU operation, which is paced by a clock signal of a sufficiently low frequency to ensure enough time for the ALU outputs to settle under worst-case conditions.
For example, a CPU begins an ALU addition operation by routing operands from their sources (which are usually registers) to the ALU's operand inputs, while the control unit simultaneously applies a value to the ALU's opcode input, configuring it to perform addition. At the same time, the CPU also routes the ALU result output to a destination register that will receive the sum. The ALU's input signals, which are held stable until the next clock, are allowed to propagate through the ALU and to the destination register while the CPU waits for the next clock. When the next clock arrives, the destination register stores the ALU result and, since the ALU operation has completed, the ALU inputs may be set up for the next ALU operation.
Functions[edit]
A number of basic arithmetic and bitwise logic functions are commonly supported by ALUs. Basic, general purpose ALUs typically include these operations in their repertoires:
Arithmetic operations[edit]
Add: A and B are summed and the sum appears at Y and carry-out.
Add with carry: A, B and carry-in are summed and the sum appears at Y and carry-out.
Subtract: B is subtracted from A (or vice versa) and the difference appears at Y and carry-out. For this function, carry-out is effectively a "borrow" indicator. This operation may also be used to compare the magnitudes of A and B; in such cases the Y output may be ignored by the processor, which is only interested in the status bits (particularly zero and negative) that result from the operation.
Subtract with borrow: B is subtracted from A (or vice versa) with borrow (carry-in) and the difference appears at Y and carry-out (borrow out).
Two's complement (negate): A (or B) is subtracted from zero and the difference appears at Y.
Increment: A (or B) is increased by one and the resulting value appears at Y.
Decrement: A (or B) is decreased by one and the resulting value appears at Y.
Pass through: all bits of A (or B) appear unmodified at Y. This operation is typically used to determine the parity of the operand or whether it is zero or negative, or to load the operand into a processor register.
Bitwise logical operations[edit]
AND: the bitwise AND of A and B appears at Y.
OR: the bitwise OR of A and B appears at Y.
Exclusive-OR: the bitwise XOR of A and B appears at Y.
Ones' complement: all bits of A (or B) are inverted and appear at Y.
Bit shift operations[edit]
Bit shift examples for an eight-bit ALU
Type
Left shift
Right shift
Arithmetic
Logical
Rotate
Rotate through carry
ALU shift operations cause operand A (or B) to shift left or right (depending on the opcode) and the shifted operand appears at Y. Simple ALUs typically can shift the operand by only one bit position, whereas more complex ALUs employ barrel shifters that allow them to shift the operand by an arbitrary number of bits in one operation. In all single-bit shift operations, the bit shifted out of the operand appears on carry-out; the value of the bit shifted into the operand depends on the type of shift.
Arithmetic shift: the operand is treated as a two's complement integer, meaning that the most significant bit is a "sign" bit and is preserved.
Logical shift: a logic zero is shifted into the operand. This is used to shift unsigned integers.
Rotate: the operand is treated as a circular buffer of bits so its least and most significant bits are effectively adjacent.
Rotate through carry: the carry bit and operand are collectively treated as a circular buffer of bits.
Applications[edit]
Multiple-precision arithmetic[edit]
In integer arithmetic computations, multiple-precision arithmetic is an algorithm that operates on integers which are larger than the ALU word size. To do this, the algorithm treats each operand as an ordered collection of ALU-size fragments, arranged from most-significant (MS) to least-significant (LS) or vice versa. For example, in the case of an 8-bit ALU, the 24-bit integer 0x123456 would be treated as a collection of three 8-bit fragments: 0x12 (MS), 0x34, and 0x56 (LS). Since the size of a fragment exactly matches the ALU word size, the ALU can directly operate on this "piece" of operand.
The algorithm uses the ALU to directly operate on particular operand fragments and thus generate a corresponding fragment (a "partial") of the multi-precision result. Each partial, when generated, is written to an associated region of storage that has been designated for the multiple-precision result. This process is repeated for all operand fragments so as to generate a complete collection of partials, which is the result of the multiple-precision operation.
In arithmetic operations (e.g., addition, subtraction), the algorithm starts by invoking an ALU operation on the operands' LS fragments, thereby producing both a LS partial and a carry out bit. The algorithm writes the partial to designated storage, whereas the processor's state machine typically stores the carry out bit to an ALU status register. The algorithm then advances to the next fragment of each operand's collection and invokes an ALU operation on these fragments along with the stored carry bit from the previous ALU operation, thus producing another (more significant) partial and a carry out bit. As before, the carry bit is stored to the status register and the partial is written to designated storage. This process repeats until all operand fragments have been processed, resulting in a complete collection of partials in storage, which comprise the multi-precision arithmetic result.
In multiple-precision shift operations, the order of operand fragment processing depends on the shift direction. In left-shift operations, fragments are processed LS first because the LS bit of each partial—which is conveyed via the stored carry bit—must be obtained from the MS bit of the previously left-shifted, less-significant operand. Conversely, operands are processed MS first in right-shift operations because the MS bit of each partial must be obtained from the LS bit of the previously right-shifted, more-significant operand.
In bitwise logical operations (e.g., logical AND, logical OR), the operand fragments may be processed in any arbitrary order because each partial depends only on the corresponding operand fragments (the stored carry bit from the previous ALU operation is ignored).
Complex operations[edit]
Although an ALU can be designed to perform complex functions, the resulting higher circuit complexity, cost, power consumption and larger size makes this impractical in many cases. Consequently, ALUs are often limited to simple functions that can be executed at very high speeds (i.e., very short propagation delays), and the external processor circuitry is responsible for performing complex functions by orchestrating a sequence of simpler ALU operations.
For example, computing the square root of a number might be implemented in various ways, depending on ALU complexity:
Calculation in a single clock: a very complex ALU that calculates a square root in one operation.
Calculation pipeline: a group of simple ALUs that calculates a square root in stages, with intermediate results passing through ALUs arranged like a factory production line. This circuit can accept new operands before finishing the previous ones and produces results as fast as the very complex ALU, though the results are delayed by the sum of the propagation delays of the ALU stages.
Iterative calculation: a simple ALU that calculates the square root through several steps under the direction of a control unit.
The implementations above transition from fastest and most expensive to slowest and least costly. The square root is calculated in all cases, but processors with simple ALUs will take longer to perform the calculation because multiple ALU operations must be performed.
Implementation[edit]
An ALU is usually implemented either as a stand-alone integrated circuit (IC), such as the 74181, or as part of a more complex IC. In the latter case, an ALU is typically instantiated by synthesizing it from a description written in VHDL, Verilog or some other hardware description language. For example, the following VHDL code describes a very simple 8-bit ALU:
entity alu is port ( -- the alu connections to external circuitry: A : in signed(7 downto 0); -- operand A B : in signed(7 downto 0); -- operand B OP : in unsigned(2 downto 0); -- opcode Y : out signed(7 downto 0)); -- operation result end alu; architecture behavioral of alu is begin process(A, B, OP) begin case OP is -- decode the opcode and perform the operation: when "000" => Y <= A + B; -- add when "001" => Y <= A - B; -- subtract when "010" => Y <= A - 1; -- decrement when "011" => Y <= A + 1; -- increment when "100" => Y <= not A; -- 1's complement when "101" => Y <= A and B; -- bitwise AND when "110" => Y <= A or B; -- bitwise OR when "111" => Y <= A xor B; -- bitwise XOR when others => NULL; end case; end process; end behavioral;
History[edit]
Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945 in a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC.[1]
The cost, size, and power consumption of electronic circuitry was relatively high throughout the infancy of the information age. Consequently, all serial computers and many early computers, such as the PDP-8, had a simple ALU that operated on one data bit at a time, although they often presented a wider word size to programmers. One of the earliest computers to have multiple discrete single-bit ALU circuits was the 1948 Whirlwind I, which employed sixteen of such "math units" to enable it to operate on 16-bit words.
In 1967, Fairchild introduced the first ALU implemented as an integrated circuit, the Fairchild 3800, consisting of an eight-bit ALU with accumulator.[2] Other integrated-circuit ALUs soon emerged, including four-bit ALUs such as the Am2901 and 74181. These devices were typically "bit slice" capable, meaning they had "carry look ahead" signals that facilitated the use of multiple interconnected ALU chips to create an ALU with a wider word size. These devices quickly became popular and were widely used in bit-slice minicomputers.
Microprocessors began to appear in the early 1970s. Even though transistors had become smaller, there was often insufficient die space for a full-word-width ALU and, as a result, some early microprocessors employed a narrow ALU that required multiple cycles per machine language instruction. Examples of this includes the popular Zilog Z80, which performed eight-bit additions with a four-bit ALU.[3] Over time, transistor geometries shrank further, following Moore's law, and it became feasible to build wider ALUs on microprocessors.
Modern integrated circuit (IC) transistors are orders of magnitude smaller than those of the early microprocessors, making it possible to fit highly complex ALUs on ICs. Today, many modern ALUs have wide word widths, and architectural enhancements such as barrel shifters and binary multipliers that allow them to perform, in a single clock cycle, operations that would have required multiple operations on earlier ALUs.
See also[edit]
Information technology portal
Adder (electronics)
Address generation unit (AGU)
Binary multiplier
Execution unit
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Philip Levis (November 8, 2004). "Jonathan von Neumann and EDVAC" (PDF). cs.berkeley.edu. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lee Boysel (2007-10-12). "Making Your First Million (and other tips for aspiring entrepreneurs)". U. Mich. EECS Presentation / ECE Recordings. Archived from the original on 2012-11-15.
Jump up ^ Ken Shirriff. "The Z-80 has a 4-bit ALU. Here's how it works." 2013.
Hwang, Enoch (2006). Digital Logic and Microprocessor Design with VHDL. Thomson. ISBN 0-534-46593-5.
Stallings, William (2006). Computer Organization & Architecture: Designing for Performance (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-185644-8.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arithmetic logic units.
ALU and its Micro-operations: Bitwise, Arithmetic and Shift
A Simulator of Complex ALU in MATLAB
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Knott's Berry Farm
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Knott's Berry Farm

Slogan
America's 1st Theme Park, California's Best Theme Park
Location
8039 Beach Boulevard
Buena Park, California 90620
Coordinates
33°50′39″N 118°00′01″W / 33.844178°N 118.000267°W / 33.844178; -118.000267Coordinates: 33°50′39″N 118°00′01″W / 33.844178°N 118.000267°W / 33.844178; -118.000267
Owner
Cedar Fair Entertainment Company
General Manager
Raffi Kaprelyan/Jon Storbeck
Opened
June 19, 1920 [1]
Operating season
Year-round
Visitors per annum
3,867,000 in 2015[2]
Area
160 acres (65 ha)
Rides
Total
35
Roller coasters
9
Water rides
2
Website
http://www.knotts.com
Knott’s Berry Farm is a 160-acre amusement park in Buena Park, California, owned by Cedar Fair. It was the twelfth most visited theme park in North America in 2015.[2] The park features 35 rides including roller coasters, family rides, children's rides, water rides, and historical rides, and it employs about 10,000 seasonal and full-time employees.[3]
The theme park sits on the site of a former berry farm established by Walter Knott, Cordelia Knott, and their family. Beginning around 1920, the Knott family sold berries, berry preserves, and pies from a roadside stand along State Route 39. In 1934, the Knotts began selling fried chicken dinners in a tea room on the property, and the Knotts built several shops and other attractions to entertain visitors. Cordelia Knott's efforts in the Mrs. Knott's Chicken Dinner Restaurant were essential to putting Knott's Berry Farm on the map, and the ensuing crowds prompted the creation of even more tourist attractions. In 1940, Walter Knott began constructing a replica ghost town on the property. Knott added several other attractions over the years, and began charging admission to the attractions in 1968. In 1983, Knott's Berry Farm added Camp Snoopy, which began the park's present-day association with the Peanuts characters.
In the 1990s, following the deaths of Walter and Cordelia Knott, their children sold the theme park to Cedar Fair and the family's food business to ConAgra Foods, which subsequently sold it to J. M. Smucker. Cedar Fair has continued to expand the theme park, adding Knott's Soak City in 1999 and adding new rides to the original park.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Origin
1.2 New owners
1.3 Cedar Fair era to present
1.4 Timeline
2 Annual park events
3 Current areas and attractions
3.1 Ghost Town
3.1.1 Wild Water Wilderness
3.2 Fiesta Village
3.3 The Boardwalk
3.4 Camp Snoopy
3.5 Indian Trails
3.6 Public area
3.6.1 East property
4 Former attractions
4.1 FearVR: 5150 controversy
5 Knott's Soak City
6 Fast Lane queuing
7 Food products
8 In popular culture
9 Attendance
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of Knott's Berry Farm
Origin[edit]
Wood carver Andy Anderson with Sad Eye Joe in the Ghost Town area of the park, 1941
The theme park sits on the site of a former berry farm established by Walter Knott and his family. Beginning around 1920, the Knott family sold berries, berry preserves, and pies from a roadside stand along State Route 39. In 1934, the Knotts began selling fried chicken dinners in a tea room on the property, later called "Mrs. Knott's Chicken Dinner Restaurant". The dinners soon became a major tourist draw, and the Knotts built several shops and other attractions to entertain visitors while waiting for a seat in the restaurant. In 1940, Walter Knott began constructing a replica Ghost Town on the property, the beginning of the present-day theme park. The idea of an amusement park really picked up in the 1950s when Walter Knott opened a "summer-long county fair".
Knott's first theme park logo: a prospector, with pack mule.
In 1968, for the first time, an admission price was required to get into the park, originally set at 25 cents. The Calico log ride was added in 1969. The park became a popular destination for conservative college students in the 1960s, especially as conservative organizations like the California Free Enterprise Association, the Libres Foundation, and the Americanism Educational League were based there.[4] According to Assistant Professor Caroline Rolland-Diamond of the Paris West University Nanterre La Défense:
it also appealed to conservative Americans, young and old, because the idealized representation of a past devoid of social and racial tensions that it offered stood in sharp contrast with the political and social upheavals affecting California since the Free Speech Movement erupted at the University of California at Berkeley in 1964.
—  Caroline Rolland-Diamond, Revue française d’études américaines (2016)[5]
On April 12, 1974, Cordelia Knott died. Walter turned his attention toward political causes,[6][7] Roaring Twenties[8] re-themed Gypsy Camp in the 1970s with the addition of a nostalgic traditional amusement area, Wheeler Dealer Bumper Cars, Knott's Bear-y Tales. Then with the northward expansion of a 1920s-era Knott's Airfield themed area featuring the Cloud 9 Dance Hall, Sky Cabin/Parachute Sky Jump and Motorcycle Chase steeple chase roller coaster above the electric guided rail Gasoline Alley car ride.[9]
Sky Tower with the illuminated "K" in logo script at the top was built to support two attractions, the Parachute Sky Jump (now closed) and the Sky Cabin (now closed). Parachute Sky Jump boarded one or two standing riders anticipating the thrill of the drop into baskets beneath a faux parachute canopy. From the top, eight arms supported the vertical cable tracks of wire rope which lifted the baskets. The Sky Cabin ringed the support pole with a single floor of seats that are enclosed behind windows. The Sky Cabin ring revolves slowly as it rises to the top and back offering a pleasantly changing vista. Sky Cabin is very sensitive to weather and passenger motion, such as walking, which is prohibited during the trip. During winds 25 mph+ or rain it is closed. When built, Sky Tower was the tallest structure in Orange County (a distinction briefly held by WindSeeker before its relocation to Worlds of Fun in 2012.)
Motorcycle Chase – A modernized steeplechase rollercoaster built in 1976 by Arrow Development, featured single motorbike themed vehicles racing side-by-side, each on one of four parallel tracks, launched together.[9] One or two riders straddled each "Indian motorcycle" attraction vehicle. The tubular steel monorail track closely followed dips and bumps in "the road" and tilted to lean riders about the curves. Gasoline Alley, an electric steel-guiderail car ride below, was built together and intimately intertwined, which enhanced ride-to-ride interaction thrill value.[10] Rider safety concerns of the high center of gravity coupled with the method of rider restraints caused it to be re-themed Wacky Soap Box Racers with vehicles now attached in four car trains, each car seated two riders, strapped in low (nearly straddling the track), surrounded by the close fitting car sides, and the dips and bumps of the track were straightened flat in 1980. Motorcycle Chase/Wacky Soap Box Racers was removed 1996 for a dueling loop coaster Windjammer Surf Racers and now Xcelerator, a vertical launch coaster, takes its place.
On December 3, 1981, Walter Knott died, survived by his children who would continue to operate Knott's as a family business for another fourteen years.
In the 1980s, Knott's built the Barn Dance featured Bobbi & Clyde as the house band. It was during the height of the "Urban Cowboy" era. The "Barn Dance" was featured in Knott's TV Commercials.
Big Foot Rapids is located in the Wild Wilderness section of the park.
During the 1980s, Knott's met the competition in Southern California theme parks by theming a new land and building two massive attractions:
Kingdom of the Dinosaurs (1987) (primeval re-theme of Knott's Bear-y Tales)
Bigfoot Rapids (1988), a whitewater river rafting ride as the centerpiece of the new themed area Wild Water Wilderness.
The Boomerang roller coaster replaced the Corkscrew[8] in 1990 with a lift shuttle train passing to and fro through a cobra roll and a vertical loop for six inversions each trip.
Mystery Lodge (1994),[11] inspired by General Motors "Spirit Lodge" pavilion, was a live show augmented with Peppers Ghost and other special effects, which was among the most popular exhibits at Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which was produced by Bob Rogers of BRC Imagination Arts[12] and created with the assistance of the Kwagulth Native reserve in Alert Bay, British Columbia.[13] Mystery Lodge recreates a quiet summer night in the village of Alert Bay, British Columbia then guests "move inside" the longhouse and listen to the storyteller weave a tale of the importance of family from the smoke of the bonfire.
The Jaguar! was opened June 17, 1995, to add another roller coaster to the mix of Fiesta Village alongside Montezooma's Revenge.
New owners[edit]
In the 1990s, after Walter and Cordelia died, their children decided to sell off their businesses:
In the late 1990s Cedar Fair acquired the Buena Park Hotel at the corner of Grand Ave. and Crescent. It was then brought up to Radisson standards and branded Radisson Resort Hotel as a franchise. In 2004, the park renamed the Radisson Resort Hotel the Knott's Berry Farm Resort Hotel.
In 1995, the Knott family sold the food specialty business to ConAgra Foods, which later re-sold the brand to The J.M. Smucker Company in 2008.
In 1997, the Knott family sold the amusement park operations to Cedar Fair Entertainment Company. Initially, the Knotts were given an opportunity to sell the park to The Walt Disney Company. The park would have been amalgamated into the Disneyland Resort and converted into Disney's America, which had previously failed to be built near Washington, D.C. The Knotts refused to sell the park to Disney out of fear most of what Walter Knott had built would be eliminated.
Cedar Fair era to present[edit]
View of Silver Bullet from Sky Cabin
Since being acquired by Cedar Fair, the park has seen an aggressive shift towards thrill rides, with the construction of a number of large roller coasters and the addition of a high-performance Shoot-the-Chutes ride Perilous Plunge. Perilous Plunge had the record of being the tallest and steepest water ride in the world until September 2012 when it was closed and removed.[14] Also, in 2013, Knott's Berry Farm announced that the most popular ride at the park, the Timber Mountain Log Ride, would be closed for a major 5 month refurbishment, led by Garner Holt Productions, Inc.[15]
On May 25, 2013, Knott's Berry Farm added three new family rides on the site of former Perilous Plunge. They include: Coast Rider (wild mouse roller coaster), Pacific Scrambler (Scrambler ride) and Surfside Gilders. All three of the rides added to the Boardwalk theme. The old bridge which connected the exit of Perlious Plunge and the boardwalk is now used as the entrance to Surfside Gilders and Pacific Scrambler. The Boomerang roller coaster was also repainted a lime-green color as part of the Boardwalk expansion.
On September 2, 2013, Knott's Berry Farm announced that Windseeker would be removed from the park. The ride was removed and sent to Worlds of Fun for the 2014 season.
On November 22, 2013, Knott's Berry Farm made a major announcement for the 2014 operating season; the famous and historical Calico Mine Ride would be closed for a major 6 month refurbishment beginning in January 2014.[16]
Timeline[edit]
Park timeline [show]
Stagecoach circa 1950, added as the first ride in 1949
Knotts Berry Farm Denver & Rio Grand steam locomotive, added as Ghost Town & Calico Railroad in 1952
1920: Ten acres of berry farm land leased by Walter and Cordelia Knott
1927: Ten leased acres of berry farm purchased, named Knott's Berry Place
1929: Ten more acres purchased
1932: Rudolf Boysen gives Walter his last six crossbreed berry plants, as yet unnamed
1934: Tea room opens and Cordelia serves the first chicken dinner
1940: Living Ghost Town tribute started with free entertainment.
1941: 100 more acres of land are added, totals 120.
1946: Steakhouse
1947: Name change from Knott's Berry Place to Knott's Berry Farm.
1948: Bottle House and Music Hall
1949: Stagecoach
1951: Calico Saloon
1952: Ghost Town & Calico Railroad
1954: Haunted Shack, Bird Cage Theater
1955: Dentzel Carousel, Merry-Go-Round Auto Ride (later the Tijuana Taxi), Hunter's Paradise Shootin' Gallery, Model 'T' Children's Ride, Cable Cars
1958: Mott's Miniatures
Bud Hurlbut in Calico Mine Ride engine, circa 1960
1960: Calico Mine Ride.
1966: Independence Hall
1968: Fence surrounds the park, and admission is charged.
1969: Timber Mountain Log Ride; Fiesta Village themed area; Tijuana Taxi (re-themed from Auto Ride); Mexican Whip; Fiesta Wheel; Happy Sombrero.
1971: John Wayne Theater (later the Good Time Theater, then the Charles M. Shulz Theater)
1973: Inaugural Knott's Scary Farm Halloween event
1974: Wild West Stunt Show replaces Wagon Camp shows.
1975: Corkscrew; Bear-y Tales.
1976: Motorcycle Chase; Sky Jump; Sky Cabin; Propeller Spin; Loop Trainer Flying Machine; Whirlpool; Gasoline Alley; Whirlwind.
1978: Montezooma's Revenge, Old MacDonald's Farm removed, Cable Cars removed
1980: Dragon Swing, Wacky Soap Box Racers
1983: Barn Dance featured Bobbi & Clyde Country Western Dancing; Camp Snoopy themed area built, forcing removal of Knott's Lagoon and its attractions around a lake which had been built north of Independence Hall, so that a parking area could be relocated.
1984: Studio K debuts. The most successful teen dance facility in the nation. Opened with a Dick Clark Special, "Rock Rolls On".
1986: Bear-y Tales removed; Tijuana Taxi removed; Fiesta Wheel removed; Mexican Whip removed.
1987: Kingdom of the Dinosaurs; Tampico Tumbler; Gran Slammer; Slingshot; Happy Sombrero renamed Mexican Hat Dance.
1988: Bigfoot Rapids; Bear-y Tales Funhouse.
1989: XK-1; Greased Lighting moved into enclosed building and renamed Whirlwind. Corkscrew removed/ refurbished and moved to Idaho; Propeller Spin removed; Loop Trainer Flying Machine removed.
1990: Boomerang built on former site of Corkscrew;
1991: Studio K closed.
1992: Indian Trails themed area.
1994: Mystery Lodge.®
1995: Jaguar! added
1996: The Boardwalk themed area (retheme of Roaring 20's); HammerHead; Greased Lightning renamed HeadAche; Whirlpool renamed Headspin; Wacky Soap Box Racers with Gasoline Alley removed.
1997: Windjammer Surf Racers; Cedar Fair Acquires Knott's; Bear-y Tales Funhouse removed.
GhostRider at night
1998: GhostRider; XK-1 removed; Supreme Scream; Woodstock's Airmail; Slingshot renamed Wave Swinger; Mexican Hat Dance renamed Hat Dance.
1999: Wipeout; Coasters restaurant; Charlie Brown Speedway; Sky Jump removed; HeadAche removed and renamed The Blue Thunder at Miracle Strip Amusement Park; Pacific Pavilion removed; Radisson Resort Knott's Berry Farm.
2000: Windjammer Surf Racers closes; Perilous Plunge; Knott's Soak City U.S.A. water park; Haunted Shack removed.
2001: VertiGo; Windjammer Surf Racers removed; Wipeout relocated; Headspin relocated and renamed Wilderness Scrambler.
2002: Xcelerator added; VertiGo removed
2003: Tampico Tumbler removed; Gran Slammer removed; La Revolución; Joe Cool's Gr8 Sk8; HammerHead removed.
2004: Silver Bullet; Lucy's Tugboat; Rip Tide and Screamin' Swing opened; Kingdom of the Dinosaurs closed; Church of Reflections relocated to outside of park; Radisson Resort Knott's Berry Farm renamed Knott's Berry Farm Resort Hotel. Grand Sierra Railroad shortened to accommodate Silver Bullet.
2005: T.G.I. Fridays restaurant (California Marketplace).
2006: Pacific Spin (Soak City U.S.A.); Johnny Rockets restaurant; New Perilous Plunge boats put into operation; Walter K Steamboat removed; Woodstock's Airmail relocated.
2007: Sierra Sidewinder; Wilderness Scrambler removed.
2008: The Pony Express, Peanut's Playhouse removed.
Coast Rider and Surfside Gilders opened in May 2013 as part of the boardwalk expansion.
2009: Pink's, Remodel and rebrand of Viva La Coasters in the California Marketplace.
2010: Snoopy's Starlight Spectacular added/Snoopy's Christmas Spectacular.
2011: WindSeeker added and Camp Snoopy becomes Planet Snoopy.
2012: Park improvements – replacing area theme music, removing boardwalks and pouring concrete replacements, rebuilding rotted wood structures, keeping open until park closing attractions, restaurants & shops which had previously closed early. More aggressive youth marketing & advertising; Fast Lane, Perilous Plunge closes
2013: Boardwalk expansion: Coast Rider; Surfside Gliders; Pacific Scrambler (all replaced Perilous Plunge); WindSeeker removed[17]
2014: Charlie Brown's Kite Flyer; Linus Launcher; Pig Pen's Mud Buggies; Grand Sierra Scenic Railroad, Lucy's Tugboat and Rocky Road Trucking Company rethemed as Grand Sierra Railroad, Rapid River Run and Rocky Mountain Trucking Company; Charlie Brown's, Joe Cool's GR8 SK8, Kingdom of the Dinosaurs, Log Peeler and Snoopy Bounce removed. La Tiendita removed.
2015: Voyage to the Iron Reef, Screamin' Swing closed in preparation for removal, GhostRider closed for major refurbishment.
2016: Ghost Town is renovated to celebrate its 75th birthday; Riptide officially closed and demolished due to technical issues;[18] Starbucks replaces Dreyer's in the California Marketplace; Mrs. Knott's Chicken Dinner Restaurant undergoes major renovations;[19] GhostRider reopens from its major refurbishment on June 10, 2016.; Removed Wipeout.[20]
2017: Soak City gets a minor expansion[21] added Sol Spin; new Boardwalk Barbecue restaurant.[21] Brought back Ghost Town Alive;[21] Extended Boysenberry Festival;[21] Added VRCADE.[22] Montezooma's Revenge Receives new color scheme.[23] Boomerang closes.[24]
2018: HangTime is set to open.
Annual park events[edit]
See also: Knott's Scary Farm
Knott's Scary Farm event
The park's annual Knott's Scary Farm has drawn crowds since 1973. The idea for this event was presented at one of the regularly scheduled round table meetings for managers by Patricia Pawson. The actual event was created by Bill Hollingshead, Gary Salisbury, Martha Boyd and Gene Witham, along with other members of the Knott's Berry Farm Entertainment Department as documented in the DVD Season of Screams. Initially fake corpses and other static figures were rented from Hollywood prop house, but Bud Hurlbut, the creator/concessionaire of the Mine Ride, Log Ride and other rides at Knott's, decided that this wasn't enough.[25] He dressed up in a gorilla suit, and started scaring guests on the Mine Ride. Halloween Haunt was an instant hit, and by the next year, the event sold out nightly.[26] During this special ticketed event, the entire park (or major portions of it) re-themes itself into a "haunted house" style attraction in the form of mazes and "scare zones" in the evening. Over a thousand specially employed monsters are also scattered – often hidden out of view – throughout the park at this time. Some of the characters have become well-known, such as the green witch, which has been portrayed by Charlene Parker since 1983, the longest of any performer.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Several attractions are decorated for the event including the Timber Mountain Log Ride and Calico Mine Train and there are 13 mazes of various themes. Elvira (actress Cassandra Peterson) was introduced into the Halloween Event in 1982 and was prominently featured in many Halloween Haunt events until 2001. According to postings on her My Space page, Cassandra was released from her contract by the park's new owners due to their wanting a more family friendly appeal,[34] although she returned for one night in 2012 for the 40th anniversary of the event and has returned as a regular performer throughout the run of the event for the last several years.[35] During the month of October, Knott's Scary Farm generates half the revenue for Knott's Berry Farm's fiscal year.[citation needed]
Season of Screams is a DVD produced by an independent company which traces the beginnings of Halloween Haunt and the story behind how it all got started back in 1973. Season of Screams also highlights recent Halloween Haunts.
Winter Coaster Solace is an event that takes place in the first or second weekend of March every year when roller coaster enthusiasts can come before the park opens and stay after the park closes to ride the rides and eat at the Chicken Dinner Restaurant. It is intended to provide "solace" to visitors from other parts of the country where theme parks and roller coasters are seasonal, not year-round operations like the Southern California parks. Knott's Berry Farm also used to give attendees behind the scenes tours of the rides.
Every year since 1991, Knott's has offered free admission to veterans and their families during the month of November. Though this was originally started as a tribute to returning Gulf War veterans, they subsequently expanded it to include all veterans and have run it every year since.
A Christmas event known as "Knott's Merry Farm" also happens annually. Previous Merry Farm events have included manufactured snow, handcrafts exhibits, and a visit with Santa Claus. This event was originally created by Gary Salisbury in the Fall of 1985.
Praise (festival) has been a Christian themed celebration presented many years as a mix-in special event of music and comedy on New Year's Eve.
Current areas and attractions[edit]
The park consists of five themed areas:
Ghost Town
Fiesta Village
The Boardwalk
Camp Snoopy
Indian Trails
Ghost Town[edit]
Charlene Parker demonstrating a spinning wheel in Ghost Town, 2011
Craftsmen in Ghost Town demonstrate the arts of the blacksmith, woodcarver, glass-blower, sign cutter, and spinner. Demonstrations of narrow gauge railroading and farm equipment hobbyists accompany additional merchant stalls of cottage-craft fairs seasonally at discounted admission which is restricted to Ghost Town only.
Western Trails Museum, relocated between the candy store and the General Store to accommodate Bigfoot Rapids, still features historical western artifacts large and small, from a hand powered horse-drawn fire engine to miniature replica of a borax hauling "Twenty Mule Team" and utensils necessary to survive the prairie and wilderness.
The Ghost Town area has a few other notable attractions. The Bird Cage Theatre only hosts two seasonal entertainments – during "Knott's Merry Farm," two small productions of "The Gift of the Magi" and "A Christmas Carol," and a Halloween Haunt thrill show. The Calico Stage, a large open-air stage in Calico Square, hosts a variety of shows and acts, big and small, from those of elementary school students, Gallagher, a local band, and the summer-spectacular All Wheels Extreme stunt show featuring youthful performers demonstrating aerial tricks with acrobatics, trampolines, and riding ramps with skates, scooters, skateboards, and freestyle bikes to popular music. Calico Saloon recreates the revelry of music, singing and dancing, with Cameo Kate hosting a variety of acts. Jersey Lily, Judge Roy Bean's combination courthouse/saloon, offers certified comical "genuine illegal hitchin'" alongside pickles, candy, and sports/soft drinks.
Many parts of Ghost Town are forever lost to progress. The conversion of the Silver Dollar Saloon to a shooting gallery, Hunters Paradise shooting gallery to Panda Express and the original Berry Stand, moved several times with its last location now occupied by the Silver Bullet station.
What is left of Ghost Town today was based on Calico ghost town and other real ghost towns in the Western United States such as Prescott, Arizona. Walter Knott inherited his uncle's silver mill and land, then bought more of the actual Calico ghost town in 1951 and developed it. In 1966, he donated that property to the corporate-municipal County of San Bernardino which then made the town of Calico, California into a public historic park, for which it charged an entrance/parking fee. See 'History – Ghost Town – Calico' section above.
Thrill level (out of 5)[36]
1 (low) 2 (mild) 3 (moderate) 4 (high) 5 (aggressive)
Ride
Picture
Opened
Manufacturer
Description
Thrill level[36]
Butterfield
Stagecoach 1949 Knott's
Berry Farm A family stagecoach ride which takes guests through the areas of Fiesta Village, Camp Snoopy and Indian Trails. 1
Calico Mine Ride 1960 Bud Hurlbut A 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge[37] mine train and dark ride. Riders board ore cars pulled by battery-powered[38] locomotives and journey deep into a faux mining excavation site. The ride closed for refurbishment in January 2014 and reopened on June 14, 2014.[39] 3
Ghost Town & Calico Railroad 1952 An authentic 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge[40] train ride around the park. The ten-minute ride takes guests through the Wild Wilderness area, the Boardwalk area and through Fiesta Village. All of the Passenger Cars came from the D&RGW, while one came from the Rio Grande Southern. Some of the D&RGW cars were used on the San Juan Express. 1
GhostRider 1998 Custom Coasters International A wooden roller coaster featuring multiple banked turns. 5
Silver Bullet 2004 Bolliger & Mabillard An inverted roller coaster. 5
Timber Mountain Log Ride 1969 Bud Hurlbut & Arrow Development A classic themed log flume attraction. The five-minute ride features two major drops, of which the final drop is 42 feet. The ride opened in 1969, and re-opened in 2013 after an extensive refurbishment. 5
Wild Water Wilderness[edit]
Wild Water Wilderness is a section of Ghost Town that features two major rides: the Bigfoot Rapids river rafting adventure, and Pony Express, a horse themed family roller coaster installed in 2008. Nearby Bigfoot Rapids is Rapids Trader, a small merchandise stand. It is also home to Mystery Lodge, a multimedia show based on an Expo 86 pavilion featuring a Native American storyteller.
Ride
Picture
Year Opened
Manufacturer
Description
Thrill level[36]
Bigfoot Rapids 1988 Intamin An Intamin family river rafting ride in which riders board circular watercraft and journey down a faux white water river. 5
Pony Express 2008 Zamperla A steel roller coaster in which riders dip, turn and dive while harnessed in vehicles intended to simulate equestrianism. 4
Fiesta Village[edit]
Fiesta Village was built in 1969 with a pop-culture Mexican theme. It was the second area constructed after the completion of Ghost Town. Stores like Casa California, restaurants like Pancho's Tacos, La Papa Loca, and La Victoria Cantina, games like Shoot If Yucan, and the themed rides like La Revolución, Jaguar!, and Montezooma's Revenge, along with the former attraction Tampico Tumbler, all contribute to the Mexican and Aztec theme of the area. In 2013 colorful string lights were added for the summer season.
Ride
Picture
Year opened
Manufacturer
Description
Thrill level[36]
Dragon Swing 1980 Chance-Morgan A swinging pirate ship 3
Hat Dance 1969 A Teacups type ride. Riders spin sombrero themed cuencos as they rotate on counterrevolutionary turntables. Originally named Happy Sombrero 3
Jaguar! 1995 Zierer A Steel roller coaster designed specifically for families with young children. 4
La Revolucion 2003 Chance-Morgan Riders rotate 360-degrees while simultaneously swinging back and forth in a pendulum motion. 5
Merry-Go-Round 1955 Dentzel Carousel One of the world's oldest working Dentzel Carousel, this 100-year-old ridestill revolves to the strains of its antique Band Organ. Mmenagerie carousel's 48 hand-carved animals including lions, tigers, ostriches, camels, zebras, giraffes, pigs, cats and horses. 2
Montezooma's Revenge 1978 Anton Schwarzkopf Riders accelerate from 0 to 55 mph (89 km/h) in 4.5 seconds.[41] 5
Sol Spin 2017 Mondial A thrilling topsy-turvy adventure over 6 stories high as they rotate in all directions on one of six spinning arms. 5
Waveswinger 1987 Zierer A classic family swing ride. Riders board individual swing sets before orbiting a central tower. Originally named Slingshot. Riders cannot ride if the person's weight is above 230 lbs. 3
The Boardwalk[edit]
A view of The Boardwalk following its 2013 expansion
Originally themed as Gypsy Camp, and later re-themed to the "Roaring '20s", "Knott's Airfield", then "The Boardwalk", this area is home to the most of Knott's major thrill rides.
Boardwalk Games include physical challenges such as a rock wall, soccer, basketball and a rope ladder crawl. A variety of traditional pitch three balls and win a prize type games, such as squirt gun into clowns mouth, knock off milk bottles, pitch a quarter onto a plate are pitched by hawkers along the Boardwalk Games midway. In September 2012, Perilous Plunge closed for an expansion of the Boardwalk. Perilous Plunge was noticeably known as one of Knott's major thrill rides. The boardwalk reopened after a year transformation with two flat rides and a new family roller coaster taking the spot of Perilous Plunge. The Boomerang roller coaster also got repainted with a new vibrant green and yellow color scheme.
The world's largest Johnny Rockets restaurant franchise is located at Knott's Boardwalk, featuring over 5,900 square feet (550 m2) of indoor dining space for more than 260 guests.
Ride
Picture
Year opened
Manufacturer
Description
Thrill level[36]
Coast Rider 2013 Mack Rides A steel wild mouse roller coaster. The ride's layout is on the former site of Perilous Plunge. 5
HangTime 2018 Gerstlauer A steel Diving Coaster. The ride's layout is on the former site of Boomerang. 5
Pacific
Scrambler 2013 Eli Bridge Company Originally "Whirlpool" from 1989 to 1996, Pacific Scrambler is a classic scrambler amusement ride. As Whirlpool, it was housed inside a building which featured 'undersea' murals on the walls, musical soundtrack effects, and concert-style lighting effects. With the opening of the Boardwalk expansion, it was renamed and moved to a new location. 3
Supreme
Scream 1998 S&S Worldwide Supreme Scream features the highest drop in the park. A vertical ascending and descending drop ride. It features 3 Turbo Drop towers. 5
Surfside
Gliders 2013 Larson International A Flying Scooters ride with a height of 28 feet. Riders can pilot and move the gilders as it offers them a good view of the Boardwalk area. 3
Voyage to
the Iron Reef 2015 Triotech A 4-D interactive dark ride attraction where riders aim and shoot at animated targets to score points 2
Wheeler Dealer Bumper Cars A classic family bumper cars attraction. 4
Xcelerator 2002 Intamin A launched roller coaster in which riders accelerate from 0 to 82 mph (132 km/h) in 2.3 seconds and climb 20 stories into the air. Xcelerator is currently the tallest roller coaster at Knotts Berry Farm. Pictured is Xcelerator's tower structure. Xcelerator features the park's second highest drop. 5
Camp Snoopy[edit]
Peanuts cartoonist Charles M. Schulz (center) visits the construction site of "Camp Snoopy" with daughter Jill Schulz, Marion Knott and others, circa 1983
Camp Snoopy is home to the park's family and children rides, with many of the rides and attractions being built specifically for children and guests who cannot ride the park's more aggressive attractions. Its theme is Charles M. Schulz' "Peanuts" comic strip characters. Snoopy has been the mascot of Knott's Berry Farm since 1983, and the characters can now be seen at all of Cedar Fair's parks, except Gilroy Gardens, which is managed by Cedar Fair and owned by the city of Gilroy. The 14 rides include a mini roller coaster called the Timberline Twister, a mini-scrambler called the Log Peeler, a Zamperla Rockin' Tug called Lucy's Tugboat, and a steel spinning roller coaster called Sierra Sidewinder. Snoopy Bounce is a small attraction for kids. However, it is not considered a ride at the park. For guests who cannot ride the park's more aggressive and thrilled rides, Camp Snoopy contains a good number of rides for guests of all ages including infants, children, and seniors. With the exception of Sierra Sidewinder and Timberline Twister, the rides are relativity tame and not aggressive.
Knott's Berry Farm also built the Mall of America's indoor theme park, which itself was originally called Camp Snoopy. (In fact, Charles M. Schulz hailed from St. Paul.) However, today the park is no longer affiliated with Knott's or Cedar Fair, and is now called Nickelodeon Universe.
On November 22, 2013, Knott's Berry Farm announced major improvements in the area of Camp Snoopy. Camp Snoopy will receive a makeover as the section is approaching its 30th anniversary. In summer 2014, Knott's Berry Farm will open up new rides in Camp Snoopy.[16]
The 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge[42] Grand Sierra Scenic Railroad takes guest on a four-minute train ride through the reflection lake. The ride was made shorter with the construction of Silver Bullet.
Ride
Picture
Opened
Manufacturer
Thrill level[36]
Balloon Race 1983 2
Camp Bus 1992 Zamperla 2
Linus Launcher 2014 Zamperla 3
Charlie Brown Kite Flyers 2014 Zamperla 2
Flying Ace 1986 Chance-Morgan 2
Grand Sierra Scenic Railroad Re-Themed 2014 Crown Metal 1
High Sierra Ferris Wheel 1983 Eli Bridge 3
Huff and Puff 1983 1
Pig Pen's Mud Buggies 2014 Zamperla 2
Rapid River Run 2004 Re-themed 2014 Zamperla 2
Rocky Mountain Trucking Company Re-Themed 2014 Zamperla 1
Sierra Sidewinder 2007 Mack Rides 4
Timberline Twister 1983 Bradley and Kaye 4
Indian Trails[edit]
Located next to the Bottle House in Ghost Town, Indian Trails is a small area sandwiched between Camp Snoopy, Ghost Town, and Fiesta Village, showcasing Native American art, crafts, and dance. One ride is located in this area. It is called Butterfield Stagecoach which is a family ride where an actual stagecoach take guest on a circular ride through Fiesta Village and Camp Snoopy. It is one of the original rides at the park. The ride was developed directly by the park and it opened in 1949.
Public area[edit]
Many of the original attractions are outside the gates of the current-day theme park along Grand Ave. at the California Marketplace, mostly things which would no longer be considered interesting to today's audience, or things which were merely there for decoration. Near the restrooms behind Berry Place are the waterfall overshooting the water wheel and historic gristmill grindstone, a replica of George Washington's Mount Vernon estate fireplace hearth, and what remains of the visible beehive. Some attractions still exist, but have been incorporated into backstage areas, such as the Rock Garden, now an employee smoking area. Other attractions have been removed, such as the historic volcano, and the cross-section of giant sequoia with age rings denoting historic events such as Christopher Columbus visiting America.
East property[edit]
The east side of the property, divided by Beach Blvd., features the main parking lot, Knott's Soak City a seasonal water park that requires separate admission, the picnic grounds rental areas, complementary admission to Independence Hall and gift shop, and the Church of Reflections which was moved outside the theme park in 2004 and held non-denominational Sunday services until 2010, but is still used for wedding ceremonies. A tunnel and pedestrian underpass beneath Beach Blvd. connects the main parking lot to the shops, restaurants and theme park.
Former attractions[edit]
Main article: Former attractions at Knott's Berry Farm
Cable Cars – 1955–1979[43]
Corkscrew – 1975–1989[44]
Boomerang - 1990-2017
FearVR: 5150 - closed shortly after opening in 2016
Fiesta Wheel – 1969–1986
Gasoline Alley – 1969–1996
Gran Slammer – 1987–2003
Hammerhead – 1996–2003
Haunted Shack – 1954–2000
Henry's Auto Livery – ?–1980s
Knott's Bear-y Tales/Kingdom of the Dinosaurs – 1975–2004
Knott's Lagoon – ?–1983
Loop Trainer Flying Machine – 1976–1989
Merry-Go-Round Auto Ride/Tijuana Taxi – 1969–1976
Mexican Whip – 1969–1986
Motorcycle Chase/Wacky Soap Box Racers – 1976–1996
Mott's Miniatures – 1956–1992
Perilous Plunge – 2000–2012
Propeller Spin – 1976–1989
Riptide – 2004-2016
Screamin' Swing - 2005-2015
Sky Cabin - 1976-not officially closed[a]
Sky Jump – 1976–1999
Tampico Tumbler – 1987–2003
VertiGo – 2001–2002
Walter K. Steamboat – 1969–2004
Whirlwind/Greased Lightning/HeadAche – 1976–1999
Wilderness Scrambler - 2001-2007
Windjammer Surf Racers – 1997–2000
Windseeker – 2011–2013
Wipeout – 1999–2016
XK-1 – 1990–1997
FearVR: 5150 controversy[edit]
For Halloween Haunt in 2016, Knott's Berry Farm introduced FearVR: 5150, a virtual reality attraction that was met with controversy from the mental health community regarding the negative portrayal of mental illness.[45] The ten-minute-long attraction immersed guests inside of a chaotic mental hospital haunted by a supernatural central character named Katie and zombie-like patients.[46] The initial controversy came from the attraction's name, with 5150 referring to the California law that allows a law enforcement officer or clinician to involuntarily commit a person suspected of having a mental illness and determined "a danger to themselves or others". The backlash was focused on Cedar Fair's use of painful experiences suffered by those dealing with mental illness and to have it "transmogrified into spooky entertainment".[45] In response, Cedar Fair removed "5150" from the name, and after continued opposition, permanently closed the attraction on September 28, 2016, only six days after its debut.[47][48] A petition was signed by more than 2,000 people hoping Cedar Fair would bring it back, with the petition's organizer stating that Cedar Fair shouldn't be "forced to shut down an attraction based on the words of people who had not even experienced the attraction".[49]
Knott's Soak City[edit]
Main article: Knott's Soak City
Knott's Soak City is Knott's Berry Farm's water park. It opened in 1999 as Soak City U.S.A. It requires separate admission from Knott's Berry Farm.
Fast Lane queuing[edit]
See also: List of Fast Lane attractions § Knott's Berry Farm
Fast Lane is Knott's Berry Farm's virtual queue system. For an extra fee, visitors get a wrist band that enables them to get to the front of the line on some of the most popular attractions without queuing.
Food products[edit]
The J. M. Smucker Company continues to sell the jam and preserves made famous by the Knott family, however other products such as the syrups have been discontinued due to low demand.[50]
In November 2013, Knott's Berry Farm began selling their "Berry Market" brand of preserves at the park. The Berry Market brand is all natural and uses the Knott family's original recipe. They are unable to use "Knott's" on the label, since Smucker's owns the rights to the name.
In popular culture[edit]
Summer School starring Mark Harmon and Kirstie Alley. Mr. Shoop (Harmon) takes his band of under-achieving students on a field trip to Knott's Berry Farm (among other places) instead of teaching them.[51]
BrainRush (first aired June 20, 2009), a Cartoon Network TV quiz show was filmed as contestants compete while riding aboard Knott's Berry Farm roller-coasters.[52]
Future entertainers: Christian author Stormie Omartian, comedian Steve Martin, the creator of Las Vegas “Legends In Concert” and the worldwide impersonation empire; John Stuart, and Kathy Westmoreland (back-up singer for Elvis Presley) all worked at the Birdcage Theater.
Attendance[edit]
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
3,565,000[53] 3,333,000[54] 3,600,000[55] 3,654,000[55] 3,508,000[56] 3,683,000[56] 3,683,001[57] 3,867,000[2] 4,014,000[58]
See also[edit]
Amusement parks portal
Trains portal
Greater Los Angeles portal
Disneyland
Six Flags
Walt Disney World
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Sky Cabin is not listed on neither the park website nor the park app.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Knott's Berry Farm History".
^ Jump up to: a b c "TEA/AECOM 2015 Global Attractions Attendance Report Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.linkedin.com/company/knott's-berry-farm
Jump up ^ McGirr, Lisa (2001). Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 98–100. ISBN 9780691059037. OCLC 44578931.
Jump up ^ Rolland-Diamond, Caroline (2016). "Another Side of the Sixties: Festive Practices on College Campuses and the Making of a Conservative Youth Movement". Revue française d’études américaines. 1 (146): 39–53. Retrieved October 24, 2016 – via Cairn.info. (Registration required (help)).
Jump up ^ Kooiman, Helen, Walter Knott: Keeper of the Flame, pp. 171–84, Plycon Press, Fullerton, CA, 1973.
Jump up ^ Salts, Christiane Victoria, Cordelia Knott: Pioneering Business Woman, pp. 75–78, The Literature Connection Books, Buena Park, CA, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Adams, Judith A. (1991). The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills. Boston: Twayne Publishers. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-0-8057-9821-0.
^ Jump up to: a b "Motorcycle Chase, Knott's Berry Farm, 1976" photograph of steeplechase-style roller coaster lift hill
Jump up ^ "Motorcycle Chase, Knott's Berry Farm, 1976" photograph of steeplechase-style roller coaster with car ride combination.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Lodge". www.imdb.com.
Jump up ^ "Knott's Mystery Lodge". BRC Imagination Arts.
Jump up ^ "Knott's Berry Farm: Mystery Lodge" (PDF). BRC Imagination Arts. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mello, Michael (August 13, 2012). "Knott's Perilous Plunge's days are numbered". The Orange County Register. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Buck, Fielding (June 14, 2013). "KNOTT'S BERRY FARM: Garner Holt shares Log Ride experiences". The Press Enterprise. The Press Enterprise. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "New For 2014: KNOTT'S ANNOUNCES MAJOR PLANS FOR 2014". Knott's Berry Farm. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Knott's Berry Farm Announces New Additions". Cision Wire. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ PIMENTEL, JOSEPH. "Knott's Berry Farm wraps up Rip Tide ride". The Orange County Register. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ EADES, MARK. "Mrs. Knott's Chicken Dinner Restaurant reopens with new look, but same chicken". The Orange County Register. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Wipeout at Knott's Berry Farm". Retrieved March 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Coming In 2017: New Thrill Ride, Knott's Soak City Expansion, Ghost Town Alive!, and expanded Boysenberry Festival". Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Knott's Partnering With VRStudios on a New Attraction". February 1, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "March 7, 2017 - Knott's Berry Farm Update". Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ EADES, MARK. "Knott's closing its Boomerang coaster for good". Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Merritt, Christopher. Knott's Preserved: From Boysenberry to Theme Park, the History of Knott's Berry Farm, p. 94-108, 118-21, Angel City Press, Santa Monica, CA 2010. ISBN 978-1-883318-97-0.
Jump up ^ Merritt, Christopher. Knott's Preserved: From Boysenberry to Theme Park, the History of Knott's Berry Farm, p. 127, Angel City Press, Santa Monica, CA 2010. ISBN 978-1-883318-97-0.
Jump up ^ Pak, Ellyn, "A love for creeping people out," Orange County Register, News, p. 1, 10-22-07 (http://www.ocregister.com/articles/parker-102103-park-monsters.html), Retrieved 7-29-11.
Jump up ^ MacDonald, Brady. "Knott's green witch scares because she cares," Los Angeles Times, Travel, 10-5-07 (http://travel.latimes.com/daily-deal-blog/index.php/knotts-green-witch-s-820/), Retrieved 7-29-11.
Jump up ^ "Adventures in Education," Knott's Berry Farm, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.
Jump up ^ The Scary Vine, Knott's Berry Farm, Vol. 14, No. 10, October 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Scare School," "Behind the Screams" video, Youtube.com (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbfK9iSUbWo), Retrieved 7-30-11.
Jump up ^ Forsyth, Jessica. "Bewitched," Coast magazine, Oct. 2008, pp. 42-3, Newport Beach, CA.
Jump up ^ Owens, Jana. "Halloween Haunt brings thrills and chills to Knott's," Daily 49er, 10-19-07 (http://www.daily49er.com/uncategorized/2007/10/19/halloween-haunt-brings-thrills-and-chills-to-knotts/), Retrieved 7-13-14.
Jump up ^ Cassandra Peterson's MySpace page Archived July 24, 2007, at WebCite
Jump up ^ Fadroski, Kelli Skye (September 27, 2012). "Elvira returns to Knott's Halloween Haunt". The Orange County Register. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Rides | Knott's Berry Farm". www.knotts.com. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Tourist & Museum Railways in California".
Jump up ^ The Register - Calico Mine
Jump up ^ Mirgoli, Nicholous. "Knott's Berry Farm Trip Report April 2014 - Calico Mine Train Refurbishment and Knott's Berry Bloom". www.ThemeParkOverload.net. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Steam Locomotive Information".
Jump up ^ "Montezooma's Revenge".
Jump up ^ "Steam Locomotive Information".
Jump up ^ "Cable Cars at Knott's Berry Farm" section of Cable Car Lines in Other California Cities by Joe Thompson.
Jump up ^ Murray, Kathy (September 12, 1989). "Knott's Berry Farm pulling Corkscrew from its ride lineup // Prototype coaster is sold to Idaho amusement park". The Orange County Register (Evening ed.). p. B03.
^ Jump up to: a b Solomon, Andrew. "Mental Illness Is Not a Horror Show". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pimental, Joseph. "Halloween meets virtual reality as Oculus powers 'FearVR: 5150' at Knott's Scary Farm". The Orange Country Register. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hamm, Catharine. "Halloween Haunt: Knott's Berry Farm shuts down Fear VR attraction". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bharath, Deepa. "Knott's closes Halloween attraction 'Fear VR' after complaints from mental health advocates". The Orange County Register. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pimentel, Joseph. "Thousands sign counter-petition to reopen Knott's VR Halloween attraction". The Orange Country Register. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Knott's Berry Farms® - Products".
Jump up ^ "Summer School (1987)". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Cartoon Network Gets Real." Turner Newsroom. Press release. May 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "TEA/AECOM 2008 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "TEA/AECOM 2009 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "TEA/AECOM 2011 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "TEA/AECOM 2013 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "TEA/AECOM 2014 Global Attractions Attendance Report Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "TEA/AECOM 2016 Global Attractions Attendance Report Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Knott's Berry Farm.
Official website
Knott's Berry Farm at the Roller Coaster DataBase

[show]
v
t
e
Knott's Berry Farm
History of Knott's Berry Farm
Roller coasters
Coast Rider
GhostRider
HangTime
Jaguar!
Montezooma's Revenge
Pony Express
Sierra Sidewinder
Silver Bullet
Timberline Twister
Xcelerator
Attractions
Camp Snoopy
Ghost Town & Calico Railroad
Knott's Scary Farm
Supreme Scream
Timber Mountain Log Ride
Voyage to the Iron Reef
Winterfest
Shows
Knott's Berry Farm's Wild West Stunt show
Former attractions
Boomerang
Corkscrew
Haunted Shack
Kingdom of the Dinosaurs
Knott’s Bear-y Tale
Perilous Plunge
Screamin' Swing
VertiGo
Windjammer Surf Racers
WindSeeker
[show]
Articles and topics related to Knott's Berry Farm
[show]
v
t
e
Buena Park, California
Primary and secondary schools
Buena Park School District
Centralia School District
Cypress School District
Magnolia School District
Savanna School District
Fullerton Joint Union High School District
Buena Park High School
Anaheim Union High School District
Points of interest
Train station
Buena Park Downtown
Dreger Clock
Ralph B. Clark Regional Park
Knott's Berry Farm
Knott's Soak City
Jain Center of Southern California
Medieval Times
Japanese Village and Deer Park (closed)
Movieland Wax Museum (closed)
History
History of Knott's Berry Farm
Murder of Stuart Tay
This list is incomplete.
[show]
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e
Cedar Fair
Amusement parks
California's Great America
Canada's Wonderland
Carowinds
Cedar Point
Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
Gilroy Gardens
Kings Dominion
Kings Island
Knott's Berry Farm
Michigan's Adventure
Valleyfair
Worlds of Fun
Water parks
Boomerang Bay
Carolina Harbor
Castaway Bay
Cedar Point Shores
Knott's Soak City (Buena Park)
Oceans of Fun
Soak City (Kings Island)
Soak City (Kings Dominion)
Soak City (Valleyfair)
Splash Works
WildWater Adventure
Wildwater Kingdom (Allentown, Pennslyvania)
Former parks
Geauga Lake
Knott's Camp Snoopy
Knott's Soak City (San Diego and Palm Springs)
Star Trek: The Experience
Wildwater Kingdom (Ohio)
Other amenities
Camp Snoopy
Dinosaurs Alive!
Fast Lane
Halloween Haunt
Planet Snoopy
WindSeeker
People
Matt Ouimet
Dick Kinzel
Miscellaneous
Incidents at Cedar Fair parks
Revenue: $1.16 billion USD (2014)
Employees: 1,700 full time, 37,000 seasonal
Stock Symbol: NYSE: FUN
Website: cedarfair.com
[show]
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Amusement parks in California
Amusement parks
Belmont Park (San Diego)
Castle Park (Riverside)
Funderland (Sacramento)
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Rotary Storyland & Playland (Fresno)
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk
Scandia Amusement Park (Ontario)
Theme parks
Adventure City (Stanton)
California's Great America (Santa Clara)
Children's Fairyland (Oakland)
Disneyland (Anaheim)
Disney California Adventure (Anaheim)
Gilroy Gardens
Knott's Berry Farm (Buena Park)
Legoland California (Carlsbad)
SeaWorld San Diego
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (Vallejo)
Six Flags Magic Mountain (Valencia)
Universal Studios Hollywood (Los Angeles)
Water parks
Aqua Adventure (Fremont)
Aquatica San Diego
Dry Town Water Park (Palmdale)
Drop Zone (Perris)
Roseville Golfland Sunsplash (Roseville)
Island Waterpark (Fresno)
Knott's Soak City (Buena Park)
Legoland Water Park (Carlsbad)
Raging Waters (San Dimas / San Jose / Sacramento)
Six Flags Hurricane Harbor (Valencia)
Splash Kingdom Waterpark (Redlands)
Splash Pad Park (Oakland)
Waterworld California (Concord)
Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs
Family entertainment centers
Alpine Slide at Magic Mountain (Big Bear Lake)
Blackbeard's Family Entertainment Center (Fresno)
Boomers! Parks (Fresno / Livermore / Modesto / Palm Springs / Santa Maria / Upland)
Fiesta Village Family Fun Park (Colton)
Golfland Entertainment Centers (Anaheim / Castro Valley / Milpitas / Roseville / San Jose / Sunnyvale)
Golf 'N' Stuff (Norwalk / Ventura)
John's Incredible Pizza Company (Riverside)
Mountasia Family Fun Center (Valencia)
Mulligan Family Fun Centers (Murrieta / Palmdale / Torrance)
Scandia Amusements (Ontario / Rohnert Park / Sacramento / Victorville)
SpeedZone Los Angeles
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Recipients of the Liseberg Applause Award
1980 Magic Kingdom (US)
1982 Opryland USA (US)
1986 Epcot (US)
1988 Knott's Berry Farm (US)
1990 Europa-Park (DE)
1992 Efteling (NL)
1994 Universal Studios Florida (US)
1996 Cedar Point (US)
1998 Silver Dollar City (US)
2000 Hersheypark (US)
2002 Busch Gardens Williamsburg (US)
2004 Holiday World & Splashin' Safari (US)
2006 Islands of Adventure (US)
2008 Xetulul Theme Park (GT)
2010 Dollywood (US)
2012 Ocean Park Hong Kong (HK)
2014 Puy du Fou (FR)
2016 Busch Gardens Tampa (US)
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Rio Grande Southern

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Knotts Berry Farm

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Lego Land Water Park, California

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