text:
Huun-Huur-Tu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Huun-Huur-Tu
Хүн Хүртү
Performance in Tyumen, 28th october 2012
Background information
Origin
Tuva
Genres
Throat singing, folk music
Years active
1992-present
Website
www.huunhuurtu.ru
Members
Kaigal-ool Khovalyg
Sayan Bapa
Radik Tülüsh
Alexei Saryglar
Past members
Albert Kuvezin
Alexander Bapa
Andrey Mongush
Anatoli Kuular
Huun-Huur-Tu (Tuvan: Хүн Хүртү Khün Khürtü, Russian: Хуун-Хуур-Ту) are a music group from Tuva, a republic of Russia situated on the Mongolia–Russia border.
The most distinctive characteristic of Huun-Huur-Tu's music is throat singing, in which the singers sing both the note (drone) and the drone's overtone(s), thus producing two or three notes simultaneously. The overtone may sound like a flute, whistle or bird, but is solely a product of the human voice.
The group primarily use native Tuvan instruments such as the igil, khomus (Tuvan jaw harp), doshpuluur, and dünggür (shaman drum). However, in recent years, the group have begun to selectively incorporate Western instruments, such as the guitar. While the thrust of Huun-Huur-Tu's music is fundamentally indigenous Tuvan folk music, they also experiment with incorporating not only Western instruments, but electronic music as well.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Band Members
3 Collaboration
4 In popular culture
5 Gallery
6 Recordings
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
The khöömei quartet Kunggurtug (Tuvan: Куңгуртуг, [ˈkuŋ.ɡur.tuk])[1] was founded in 1992 by Kaigal-ool Khovalyg, brothers Alexander and Sayan Bapa, and Albert Kuvezin. Khovalyg had been involved on the khoomei scene since 1979. Not long afterwards, the group changed its name to Huun-Huur-Tu, meaning "sunbeams" (literally "sun propeller"). The focus of their music was traditional Tuvan folk songs, frequently featuring imagery of the Tuvan steppe or of horses.
The ensemble released its first album, 60 Horses In My Herd, the following year. The album was recorded at studios in London and Mill Valley, California. By the time recording began for the follow-up, Kuvezin had left the group to form the more rock-oriented Yat-Kha. Kuvezin was replaced by Anatoli Kuular, who had previously worked with Khovalyg and Kongar-ool Ondar as part of the Tuva Ensemble. The new line-up recorded The Orphan's Lament in New York City and Moscow, and released it in 1994.
In 1995, Alexander Bapa, who had produced the first two albums, departed the group to pursue production as a full-time career. He was replaced by Alexei Saryglar, formerly a member of the Russian state ensemble Siberian Souvenir. A third album, If I'd Been Born An Eagle, recorded in the Netherlands, followed in 1997. This time, in addition to the traditional folk music, the group performed some rather more contemporary Tuvan songs, from the latter half of the 20th century.
In early 1999, the group released its fourth album, Where Young Grass Grows. For the first time on a Huun-Huur-Tu album, non-Tuvan instruments (except for the guitar) were featured, including harp, tabla, Scottish smallpipe (performed by Martyn Bennett) and synthesiser. The album also features two excerpts of recordings made of Kaigal-ool and Anatoli singing whilst riding horseback on the Tuvan grasslands.
Huun-Huur-Tu participated in the 2000 BBC Music Live event, performing the opening and closing songs for a live, early morning broadcast from Snape Maltings. The following year, the group released their first live album.
In 2003, Kuular quit the group and was replaced by Andrey Mongush, an experienced teacher of khöömei and Tuvan instruments.[2] Mongush's tenure with the group was short and in 2005 he was replaced by Radik Tyulyush, formerly of Yat-Kha fame.[3]
Huun-Huur-Tu signed with Beijing management company Stallion Era in March 2015 and has since been to China for several performances.
Band Members[edit]
Collaboration[edit]
Since the group's inception, Huun Huur Tu has collaborated with musicians from many genres, such as Frank Zappa, Johnny "Guitar" Watson, the Kodo drummers, The Moscow Art Trio, the Kronos Quartet, The Chieftains and Bulgarian women's singing group, Angelite.[4][5][6][7] Their recording "Eternal" is a collaborative effort with underground electronic musician, Carmen Rizzo.[8] Huun Huur Tu appeared on three songs on Bahamut, the debut of New York-based blues group Hazmat Modine. In January 2010, Hazmat Modine also announced plans to record with Huun Huur Tu again.[9]
In popular culture[edit]
Huun-Huur-Tu's Radik Tyulyush's song "Osku Urug" is featured in the American television series Season 3 Fargo episode, "The Law of Vacant Places."[10][11][12][13]
Gallery[edit]
Performance in Tyumen, 28th October 2012: Radik Tyulush, Kaigal-ool_Khovalyg, Sayan Bapa, Alexey Saryglar.
Sayan Bapa & Alexey Saryglar.
Sayan Bapa.
Kaigal-ool_Khovalyg.
2016. Concert in honor of the 50th anniversary of Alexei.
2016г. Performing song "The Bai-Tayga".
Recordings[edit]
Solo releases
60 Horses In My Herd (1993)
The Orphan's Lament (1994)
If I'd Been Born An Eagle (1997)
Where Young Grass Grows (1999)
Live 1 [also known as Best * Live] (2001)
Live 2 (2001)
More Live (2003)
Altai Sayan Tandy-Uula (2004)
Live at Fantasy Studios (2008)†
Ancestors Call (2010)
With Marcel Vanthilt
I Shoot Dikke Jo single (1995)
With Kronos Quartet
Early Music (Lachrymae Antiquae) (1997)
With The Bulgarian Voices - Angelite:
Fly, Fly My Sadness (1996)
Mountain Tale (1998)
With various electronic artists (remixes)
Spirits from Tuva (2002 & 2003)
With Malerija
huun huur tu malerija (2003)
With Hazmat Modine
Bahamut (2007)
With Sainkho Namtchylak
Mother-Earth! Father-Sky! (2008)
With Ross Daly
The White Dragon (2008)
With Carmen Rizzo
Eternal (2009)
† Live at Fantasy Studios was initially available as an online podcast only. Now the video recording is available for download at several sites. The setlist includes several staples, such as "Chiraa-Khoor", "Konggurey", "Ösküs Bodum (The Orphan's Lament)" and "Aa-Shuu-Dekei-Oo".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/awards2004/profile_huunhuurtu.shtml
Jump up ^ http://www.tenoresdibitti.com/bittiexp05/huunhuurtu.htm
Jump up ^ "Leading and Being Guided", Tuvaonline, March, 2007.
Jump up ^ Huun Huur Tu profile at the BBC
Jump up ^ "Huun Huur Tu and Carmen Rizzo", NPR's the World, January 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Huun Huur Tu at Amazon.com
Jump up ^ "Huun-Huur-Tu and Hazmat Modine in Unique Collaboration at Symphony Space", World Music Central, November 1, 2007. Archived May 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Steppe It Up", TIME, October 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2010/01/globalfest.html
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen (April 19, 2017). "Fargo Is Back and It's Familiar in the Best Way". Vulture (website). New York Media, LLC. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hyden, Steven (April 20, 2017). "Analyzing The Music Of 'Fargo' Season Three, Episode One: 'The Law Of Vacant Places'". Uproxx. Woven Digital. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (April 20, 2017). "'Fargo' Season Three Begins With Twins, Card Games, And A Nasty Death". Uproxx. Woven Digital. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tallerico, Brian (April 19, 2017). "Fargo Season-Premiere Recap: Game Over". Vulture (website). New York Media, LLC. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
http://www.spectrasonics.net/artists/htu.php
Friends of Tuva
"Deep the Heart of Tuva" article, March 1997.
Kongar-ool Ondar's Homepage
"Singing Stories, in 2 Tones at Once" article, NY Times, January 18,1993.
Huun Huur Tu's MySpace page
Washington Post Article "Tuvan Throat-Singers Perform Feats of Harmonic Acrobatic" January 15, 1996.
Huun Huur Tu: National Geographic World Music bio
"Throat Singers of Tuva Return to Eastman" January 11, 2006.
"Huun Huur Tu - Throat Singers of Tuva" Rootsworld, 2002.
"Huun Huur Tu Throat Singers" University of Hawaii, February 2008.
External links[edit]
Huun-Huur-Tu official site
Greek television advertisement featuring "Eki Attar" from The Orphan's Lament
Directory of high-resolution photographs of the group
Huun-Huur-Tu discography at MusicBrainz
Huun-Huur-Tu on On Point Radio, Aired January 13, 2006
BBC Radio Awards for World Music, 2004
Huun-Huur-Tu: Music Refracting Sunlight (Russia-IC.com article)
Huun-Huur-Tu captivates audience with Tuvan music, October 2007
Huun Huur Tu streaming videos
Huun Huur Tu on Youtube
Rare video footage of Andrey Mongush performing xoomei with Huun Huur Tu
Interview with Sayan Bapa, "Huun-Huur-Tu Interview" Kodo Beat, Autumn, 1999.
"Tuvan vocalists impress students" Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 12, 2004
"Throat singers capture sounds of central Asia" Mail Tribune, October 2006.
"Videoclip - All one - Odugen Taiga (Mother Taiga)"
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 124541930
ISNI: 0000 0001 2107 4832
GND: 10311912-7
SUDOC: 160448360
BNF: cb140035046 (data)
MusicBrainz: 6e3d75a2-b371-4156-a1c1-7b56e1c965a3
NKC: xx0028610
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huun-Huur-Tu&oldid=823518163"
Categories:
Throat singing
Xoomii
Musical groups from Tuva
Folk music groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with hCards
Articles containing Tuvan-language text
Articles containing Russian-language text
MusicBrainz artist same as Wikidata
Articles with MusicBrainz artist links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Français
Galego
Italiano
Lietuvių
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Qırımtatarca
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Türkçe
Тыва дыл
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 February 2018, at 19:10.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: span

value: th

value: img

values: Тюлюш Ховалыг Бапа Сарыглар.JPG

attrs: href class

attrs: href title

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values:
/wiki/Scottish_smallpipe
mw-redirect
Scottish smallpipe

values:
/wiki/Johnny_Watson
mw-redirect
Johnny Watson

values:
/wiki/Kodo_(taiko_group)
mw-redirect
Kodo (taiko group)

values: Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir

values:
/wiki/Season_3_(Fargo)
mw-redirect
Season 3 (Fargo)

values:
gallery mw-gallery-traditional
max-width: 1115px;_width: 1115px;

values: Хүн-Хүртү ТМДТ 2016 02.jpg

values: Хүн-Хүртү ТМДТ 2016 05.jpg

values:
/wiki/Woven_Digital
mw-redirect
Woven Digital

values:
nofollow
http://www.ondar.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.myspace.com/huunhuur2

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.huunhuurtu.ru

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/124541930

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000121074832

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/10311912-7

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/160448360

values: Category:Musical groups established in 1992

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles containing Tuvan-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Russian-language text

values: Category:MusicBrainz artist same as Wikidata

values: Category:Articles with MusicBrainz artist links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Huun-Huur-Tu
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Хуун-Хуур-Ту – Russian

values: Хүн-Хүртү – Tuvinian

values: Хуун-Хуур-Ту – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Huun-Huur-Tu rootpage-Huun-Huur-Tu skin-vector action-view


text:
University of Al Quaraouiyine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
University of Al Quaraouiyine
جامعة القرويين
ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ
Type
Madrasa and center of higher learning for non-vocational sciences (859 to 1963)
State university since 1963[1][2][3]
Established
859; 1159 years ago (859)[4]
Academic staff
1,025 (2012)
Administrative staff
708 (2012)
Students
8,120 (2012)
Location
Fez, Idrisid dynasty (now in Morocco)
Campus
Urban
Language
Arabic
Founder
Fatima al-Fihri
Colours
White
Website
uaq.ma
The University of al-Qarawiyyin, also written Al Quaraouiyine or Al-Karaouine (Arabic: جامعة القرويين; Berber languages: ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ; French: Université Al Quaraouiyine), is a university located in Fez, Morocco. It is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree-awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records[5][6] and is sometimes referred to as the oldest university.[7] It was founded by Fatima al-Fihri in 859 with an associated madrasa, which subsequently became one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the historic Muslim world. It was incorporated into Morocco's modern state university system in 1963.
Education at Al Quaraouiyine University concentrates on the Islamic religious and legal sciences with a heavy emphasis on, and particular strengths in Classical Arabic grammar/linguistics and Maliki law, although a few lessons on other non-Islamic subjects such as French, English are also offered to students. Teaching is delivered in the traditional method, in which students are seated in a semi-circle (halqa) around a sheikh, who prompts them to read sections of a particular text, asks them questions on particular points of grammar, law, or interpretation, and explains difficult points. Students from all over Morocco and Islamic West Africa attend the Qarawiyyin, although a few might come from as far afield as Muslim Central Asia. Even Spanish Muslim converts frequently attend the institution, largely attracted by the fact that the sheikhs of the Qarawiyyin, and Islamic scholarship in Morocco in general, are heirs to the rich religious and scholarly heritage of Muslim al-Andalus.
Most students at the Qarawiyyin range from between the ages of 13 and 30, and study towards high school-level diplomas and university-level bachelor's degrees, although Muslims with a sufficiently high level of Arabic are also able to attend lecture circles on an informal basis, given the traditional category of visitors "in search of [religious and legal] knowledge" ("zuwwaar li'l-talab fii 'ilm"). In addition to being Muslim, prospective students of the Qarawiyyin are required to have memorized the Qur'an in full as well as several other shorter medieval Islamic texts on grammar and Maliki law, and in general to have a very good command of Classical Arabic. It is a common misconception that the university is open only to men, however. It is open to both men and women.
Contents
[hide]
1 Architecture and history of the mosque
2 History of the institution
2.1 Madrasa
2.2 State University
3 Famous alumni
4 See also
5 External links
6 References and notes
Architecture and history of the mosque[edit]
Courtyard Al Quaraouiyine University.
Successive dynasties expanded the Al Quaraouiyine mosque until it became the largest in Africa, with a capacity of 22,000 worshipers.[8] Compared with the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul or the Jameh Mosque in Isfahan, the design is austere. The columns and arches are plain white; the floors are covered in reed mats, not lush carpets. Yet the seemingly endless forest of arches creates a sense of infinite majesty and intimate privacy, while the simplicity of the design complements the finely decorated niches, pulpit and outer courtyard, with its superb tiles, plasterwork, woodcarvings and paintings.
The present form of the mosque is the result of a long historical evolution over the course of more than 1,000 years. Originally the mosque was about 30 meters long with a courtyard and four transverse aisles. The first expansion was undertaken in 956, by Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, Abd-ar-Rahman III. The prayer hall was extended and the minaret was relocated, taking on a square form that served as a model for countless North African minarets. At this time it became a tradition that other mosques of Fes would make the call to prayer only after they heard Al Quaraouiyine. In the minaret of Al Quaraouiyine mosque there is a special room, the Dar al-Muwaqqit, where the times of prayer are established.
The most extensive reconstruction was carried out in 1135 under the patronage of the Almoravid ruler sultan Ali Ibn Yusuf who ordered the extension of the mosque from 18 to 21 aisles, expanding the structure to more than 3,000 square meters. The mosque acquired its present appearance at this time, featuring horseshoe arches and ijmiz frames decorated with beautiful geometrical and floral Andalusian art, bordered with Kufic calligraphy.
In the 16th century, the Saadis restored the mosque, adding two pavilions to the northern and southern ends of the courtyard.
History of the institution[edit]
Madrasa[edit]
Interior of Al Quaraouiyine University.
Al Quaraouiyine was founded with an associated madrasa,[4][9][10][11] in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, the daughter of a wealthy merchant named Mohammed Al-Fihri. The Al-Fihri family had migrated from Kairouan (hence the name of the mosque), Tunisia to Fes in the early 9th century, joining a community of other migrants from Kairouan who had settled in a western district of the city. Fatima and her sister Mariam, both of whom were well educated, inherited a large amount of money from their father. Fatima vowed to spend her entire inheritance on the construction of a mosque suitable for her community. At that time, the city of Fes was the capital of the Idrisid Dynasty.
In some sources, the medieval madrasa is described as a "university"[11][12][13][14][15][page needed] in one Rough Guide book even as vying with Al-Azhar (c. 970) in Cairo "for the title of world's oldest university".[16]
Some scholars, noting certain parallels between such madrasas and European medieval universities, have proposed that the latter may have been influenced by the madrasas of Islamic Spain and the Emirate of Sicily.[17][unreliable source?] Other scholars have questioned this, citing the lack of evidence for an actual transmission from the Islamic world to Christian Europe and highlighting the differences in the structure, methodologies, procedures, curricula and legal status of the "Islamic college" (madrasa) versus the European university.[18][19][20]
Al Quaraouiyine gained the patronage of politically powerful sultans.[when?] It compiled a large selection of manuscripts that were kept at a library founded by the Marinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris in 1349. Among the most precious manuscripts currently housed in the library are volumes from the famous Al-Muwatta of Malik written on gazelle parchment, the Sirat Ibn Ishaq, a copy of the Qur'an given by Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur in 1602, and the original copy of Ibn Khaldun's book Al-'Ibar.[21] Among the subjects taught, alongside the Qur'an and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), are grammar, rhetoric, logic, medicine, mathematics, astronomy.
The twelfth century cartographer Mohammed al-Idrisi, whose maps aided European exploration in the Renaissance is said to have lived in Fes for some time, suggesting that he may have worked or studied at Al Quaraouiyine. The madrasa has produced numerous scholars who have strongly influenced the intellectual and academic history of the Muslim world. Among these are Ibn Rushayd al-Sabti (d. 1321), Mohammed Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari al-Fasi (d. 1336), Abu Imran al-Fasi (d. 1015), a leading theorist of the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, Leo Africanus, a renowned traveler and writer. Pioneer scholars such as Al-Idrissi (d.1166 AD), Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240 AD), Ibn Khaldun (1332-1395 AD), Ibn al-Khatib, Al-Bitruji (Alpetragius), Ibn Hirzihim, and Al-Wazzan were all connected with the madrasa either as students or lecturers. Among Christian scholars visiting Al Quaraouiyine were the Belgian Nicolas Cleynaerts and the Dutchman Golius[21] and Pope Sylvester II.[22]
State University[edit]
Karaouine Mosque and University.
At the time Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912, Al Quaraouiyine had witnessed a decline as a religious center of learning from its medieval prime.[1] However, it had retained some significance as an educational venue for the sultan's administration.[1] The student body was rigidly divided along social strata; ethnicity (Arab or Berber), social status, personal wealth and the geographic background (rural or urban) determined the group membership of the students who were segregated on the teaching facility as well as in their personal quarters.[1] The French administration implemented a number of structural reforms between 1914 and 1947, but did not modernize the contents of teaching likewise which were still dominated by the traditional worldviews of the ulama.[1] At the same time, the student numbers at Al Quaraouiyine dwindled to a total of 300 in 1922 as the Moroccan elite began to send its children instead to the new-found Western-style colleges and institutes elsewhere in the country.[1]
In 1947, Al Quaraouiyine was integrated into the state educational system,[23] but it was only by royal decree after independence, in 1963, that the madrasa was finally transformed into a university under the supervision of the ministry of education.[1][3][24] The old madrasa was shut down and the new campus established at former French Army barracks.[1] While the dean took its seat at Fez, four faculties were founded in and outside the city: a faculty of Islamic law in Fez, a faculty of Arab studies in Marrakech and a faculty of theology in Tétouan, plus one near Agadir in 1979. Modern curricula and textbooks were introduced and the professional training of the teachers improved.[1][2] Following the reforms, Al Quaraouiyine was officially renamed "University of Al Quaraouiyine" in 1965.[1]
In 1975, the General Studies were transferred to the newly founded Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University; Al Quaraouiyine kept the Islamic and theological courses of studies.[citation needed]
In 1988, after a hiatus of almost three decades, the teaching of traditional Islamic education at the madrasa of Al Quaraouiyine was resumed by king Hassan II in what has been interpreted as a move to bolster conservative support for the monarchy.[1]
According to UNESCO,[25] and a number of other scholars, Al Quaraouiyine is considered to have been a university since its founding and therefore that it is the oldest university in the world.[26][11][12][13][14][page needed][16] According to Yahya Pallavicini, the university model did not spread in Europe until the 12th century, and was found throughout the Muslim world from the founding of Al Quaraouiyine in the 9th century until at least European colonialism.[27] According to Encyclopædia Britannica, universities had existed in parts of Asia and Africa prior to the founding of the first medieval European universities.[28][29]
A number of other scholars, however, consider the medieval university (from Latin universitas) to be an institution unique to Christian Europe, arguing that the first universities were located in Western Europe with Paris and Bologna often cited as the earliest examples.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Several scholars consider that Al Quaraouiyine was founded[4][10] and run[3][23] as a madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة) until after World War II. They consider institutions like Al Quaraouiyine to be higher education colleges of Islamic law where other subjects were only of secondary importance.[37][38][39] They also consider that the University was only adopted outside the West, including into the Islamic world, in the course of modernization programmes since the beginning of the 19th century.[40][41][42][43][44] They date the transformation of the madrasa of Al Quaraouiyine into a university to its modern reorganization in 1963.[1][2][3] In the wake of these reforms, Al Quaraouiyine was officially renamed "University of Al Quaraouiyine" two years later.[1]
Famous alumni[edit]
At Al-Karaouine, students have studied theology, jurisprudence, philosophy, mathematics, astrology, astronomy and languages. The university had among its students since the Middle Age famous people from all around the Mediterranean sea such as the philosopher Averroes, the geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi and the Jewish philosopher Maimonides.
List of alumni:
Ibn Khaldun - Historian
Maimonides - Jewish philosopher
Muhammad al-Idrisi - geographer
Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
Abdullah al-Ghumari
Imam al-Bannani
Leo Africanus
Abd el-Krim el-Khattabi
Allal al-Fassi
Fatima al-Kabbaj
See also[edit]
Morocco portal
University portal
Dar al-Muwaqqit (the 'clock-house' of Al Quaraouiyine)
List of universities in Morocco
Education in Morocco
History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Al-Qarawiyyin.
ISESCO: Fez 2007 [2]
UNIVERSITE QUARAOUIYINE - Fes (French)
References and notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lulat, Y. G.-M.: A History Of African Higher Education From Antiquity To The Present: A Critical Synthesis, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, ISBN 978-0-313-32061-3, pp. 154–157
^ Jump up to: a b c Park, Thomas K.; Boum, Aomar: Historical Dictionary of Morocco, 2nd ed., Scarecrow Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8108-5341-6, p. 348
^ Jump up to: a b c d Belhachmi, Zakia: "Gender, Education, and Feminist Knowledge in al-Maghrib (North Africa) – 1950–70", Journal of Middle Eastern and North African Intellectual and Cultural Studies, Vol. 2–3, 2003, pp. 55–82 (65):
The Adjustments of Original Institutions of the Higher Learning: the Madrasah. Significantly, the institutional adjustments of the madrasahs affected both the structure and the content of these institutions. In terms of structure, the adjustments were twofold: the reorganization of the available original madaris, and the creation of new institutions. This resulted in two different types of Islamic teaching institutions in al-Maghrib. The first type was derived from the fusion of old madaris with new universities. For example, Morocco transformed Al-Qarawiyin (859 A.D.) into a university under the supervision of the ministry of education in 1963.
^ Jump up to: a b c Petersen, Andrew: Dictionary of Islamic Architecture, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 978-0-415-06084-4, p. 87 (entry "Fez"):
The Quaraouiyine Mosque, founded in 859, is the most famous mosque of Morocco and attracted continuous investment by Muslim rulers.
Jump up ^ Oldest University
Jump up ^ "Medina of Fez". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-54113-8, pp. 35–76 (35)
Jump up ^ Fauzi M. Najjar (April 1958). "The Karaouine at Fez". The Muslim World. Wiley. 48 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1958.tb02246.x. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Meri, Josef W. (ed.): Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, A–K, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7, p. 257 (entry "Fez")
^ Jump up to: a b Lulat, Y. G.-M.: A History Of African Higher Education From Antiquity To The Present: A Critical Synthesis Studies in Higher Education, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, ISBN 978-0-313-32061-3, p. 70:
As for the nature of its curriculum, it was typical of other major madrasahs such as al-Azhar and Al Quaraouiyine, though many of the texts used at the institution came from Muslim Spain...Al Quaraouiyine began its life as a small mosque constructed in 859 C.E. by means of an endowment bequeathed by a wealthy woman of much piety, Fatima bint Muhammed al-Fahri.
^ Jump up to: a b c Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 328. ISBN 0-1951-2559-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Joseph, S, and Najmabadi, A. Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Economics, education, mobility, and space. Brill, 2003, p. 314.
^ Jump up to: a b Swartley, Keith. Encountering the World of Islam. Authentic, 2005, p. 74.
^ Jump up to: a b Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World, Publisher: Marshall Cavendish, 2010 [1] p.161
Jump up ^ Civilization: The West and the Rest by Niall Ferguson, Publisher: Allen Lane 2011 - ISBN 978-1-84614-273-4
^ Jump up to: a b "The Kairaouine Mosque". Rough Guides. Retrieved 9 August 2012. and vies with Cairo's Al-Azhar for the title of world's oldest university
Jump up ^ Alatas, S. F. (2006), "From Jami`ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue", Current Sociology, 54 (1): 112–132 [123–4], doi:10.1177/0011392106058837
Jump up ^ George Makdisi: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", in: Studia Islamica, Vol. 32 (1970), S. 255-264 (264):
Thus the university, as a form of social organization, was peculiar to medieval Europe. Later, it was exported to all parts of the world, including the Muslim East; and it has remained with us down to the present day. But back in the middle ages, outside of Europe, there was nothing anything quite like it anywhere.
Jump up ^ The scholarship on these differences is summarized in Toby Huff, Rise of early modern science, 2nd ed. p. 149-159; p. 179-189.
Jump up ^ Norman Daniel: Review of "The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West by George Makdisi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1984), pp. 586-588 (587)
^ Jump up to: a b see R. Saoud article on http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=447,
Jump up ^ Crowe, Felicity; Goddard, Jolyon; Hollingum, Ben; MacEachern, Sally; Russell, Henry, eds. (2011). Modern Muslim Societies. Muslim World. New York, NY: Marshall Cavendish Reference. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Shillington, Kevin: Encyclopedia of African History, Vol. 2, Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005, ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6, p. 1025:
Higher education has always been an integral part of Morocco, going back to the ninth century when the Karaouine Mosque was established. The madrasa, known today as Al Qayrawaniyan University, became part of the state university system in 1947.
Jump up ^ Park, Thomas K.; Boum, Aomar: Historical Dictionary of Morocco, 2nd ed., Scarecrow Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8108-5341-6, p. 348
al-qarawiyin is the oldest university in Morocco. It was founded as a mosque in Fès in the middle of the ninth century. It has been a destination for students and scholars of Islamic sciences and Arabic studies throughout the history of Morocco. There were also other religious schools like the madras of ibn yusuf and other schools in the sus. This system of basic education called al-ta'lim al-aSil was funded by the sultans of Morocco and many famous traditional families. After independence, al-qarawiyin maintained its reputation, but it seemed important to transform it into a university that would prepare graduates for a modern country while maintaining an emphasis on Islamic studies. Hence, al-qarawiyin university was founded in February 1963 and, while the dean's residence was kept in Fès, the new university initially had four colleges located in major regions of the country known for their religious influences and madrasas. These colleges were kuliyat al-shari's in Fès, kuliyat uSul al-din in Tétouan, kuliyat al-lugha al-'arabiya in Marrakech (all founded in 1963), and kuliyat al-shari'a in Ait Melloul near Agadir, which was founded in 1979.
Jump up ^ "Medina of Fez". UNESCO. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Seelinger, Lani. "The 13 Oldest Universities In The World". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
Jump up ^ Aslan, Ednan, ed. (2009), Islamic Education in Europe, Wiener islamisch-religionspädagogische Studien, 1, Böhlau Verlag Wien, pp. 220–221, ISBN 9783205783107, The Muslim community maintained, favoured, and organized the institutions for higher education that became the new centres for the diffusion of Islamic knowledge. These centres were places where teachers and students of that time would meet and also where all intellectuals would gather and take part in extremely important scientific debates. It is not a coincidence that around the 9th century the first university in the world, the Qarawiyyin University in Fez, was established in the Muslim world followed by az-Zaytuna in Tunis and Al-Azhar in Cairo. The university model, that in the West was widespread starting only from the 12th century, had an extraordinary fortune and was spread throughout the Muslim world at least until the colonial period. [author missing]
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "University", 2012, retrieved 26 July 2012)
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "University", 2012, retrieved 26 July 2012
Jump up ^ Ferruolo, Stephen C.: The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100–1215, Stanford University Press, 1985, ISBN 978-0-8047-1266-8, p. 5
Jump up ^ Pace, Edward: "Universities", The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 15, Robert Appleton Company, New York, 1912, retrieved 27 July 2012)
Jump up ^ Brill's New Pauly: "University", Brill, 2012)
Jump up ^ Lexikon des Mittelalters: "Universität. Die Anfänge", Vol. 8, Cols 1249–1250, Metzler, Stuttgart, [1977]–1999
Jump up ^ Vauchez, André; Dobson, Richard Barrie; Lapidge, Michael (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Vol. 1, Routledge, 2000, ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1, p. 1484 (entry "university")
Jump up ^ Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-54113-8, pp. 35–76 (35)
Jump up ^ Makdisi, George: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255–264
Jump up ^ Pedersen, J.; Rahman, Munibur; Hillenbrand, R.: "Madrasa", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, Brill, 2010:
Madrasa, in modern usage, the name of an institution of learning where the Islamic sciences are taught, i.e. a college for higher studies, as opposed to an elementary school of traditional type (kuttab); in mediaeval usage, essentially a college of law in which the other Islamic sciences, including literary and philosophical ones, were ancillary subjects only.
Jump up ^ Meri, Josef W. (ed.): Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, A–K, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7, p. 457 (entry "madrasa"):
A madrasa is a college of Islamic law. The madrasa was an educational institution in which Islamic law (fiqh) was taught according to one or more Sunni rites: Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanafi, or Hanbali. It was supported by an endowment or charitable trust (waqf) that provided for at least one chair for one professor of law, income for other faculty or staff, scholarships for students, and funds for the maintenance of the building. Madrasas contained lodgings for the professor and some of his students. Subjects other than law were frequently taught in madrasas, and even Sufi seances were held in them, but there could be no madrasa without law as technically the major subject.
Jump up ^ Makdisi, George: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255–264 (255f.):
In studying an institution which is foreign and remote in point of time, as is the case of the medieval madrasa, one runs the double risk of attributing to it characteristics borrowed from one's own institutions and one's own times. Thus gratuitous transfers may be made from one culture to the other, and the time factor may be ignored or dismissed as being without significance. One cannot therefore be too careful in attempting a comparative study of these two institutions: the madrasa and the university. But in spite of the pitfalls inherent in such a study, albeit sketchy, the results which may be obtained are well worth the risks involved. In any case, one cannot avoid making comparisons when certain unwarranted statements have already been made and seem to be currently accepted without question. The most unwarranted of these statements is the one which makes of the "madrasa" a "university".
Jump up ^ George Makdisi: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255-264 (264):
Thus the university, as a form of social organization, was peculiar to medieval Europe. Later, it was exported to all parts of the world, including the Muslim East; and it has remained with us down to the present day. But back in the Middle Ages, outside of Europe, there was nothing anything quite like it anywhere.
Jump up ^ Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2, pp. XIX–XX:
The university is a European institution; indeed, it is the European institution par excellence. There are various reasons for this assertion. As a community of teachers and taught, accorded certain rights, such as administrative autonomy and the determination and realization of curricula (courses of study) and of the objectives of research as well as the award of publicly recognized degrees, it is a creation of medieval Europe, which was the Europe of papal Christianity...
No other European institution has spread over the entire world in the way in which the traditional form of the European university has done. The degrees awarded by European universities – the bachelor's degree, the licentiate, the master's degree, and the doctorate – have been adopted in the most diverse societies throughout the world. The four medieval faculties of artes – variously called philosophy, letters, arts, arts and sciences, and humanities –, law, medicine, and theology have survived and have been supplemented by numerous disciplines, particularly the social sciences and technological studies, but they remain none the less at the heart of universities throughout the world.
Even the name of the universitas, which in the Middle Ages was applied to corporate bodies of the most diverse sorts and was accordingly applied to the corporate organization of teachers and students, has in the course of centuries been given a more particular focus: the university, as a universitas litterarum, has since the eighteenth century been the intellectual institution which cultivates and transmits the entire corpus of methodically studied intellectual disciplines.
Jump up ^ Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-54113-8, pp. 35–76 (35):
No one today would dispute the fact that universities, in the sense in which the term is now generally understood, were a creation of the Middle Ages, appearing for the first time between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is no doubt true that other civilizations, prior to, or wholly alien to, the medieval West, such as the Roman Empire, Byzantium, Islam, or China, were familiar with forms of higher education which a number of historians, for the sake of convenience, have sometimes described as universities.Yet a closer look makes it plain that the institutional reality was altogether different and, no matter what has been said on the subject, there is no real link such as would justify us in associating them with medieval universities in the West. Until there is definite proof to the contrary, these latter must be regarded as the sole source of the model which gradually spread through the whole of Europe and then to the whole world. We are therefore concerned with what is indisputably an original institution, which can only be defined in terms of a historical analysis of its emergence and its mode of operation in concrete circumstances.
Jump up ^ Sanz, Nuria; Bergan, Sjur (eds.): The Heritage of European Universities, Council of Europe, 2002, ISBN 978-92-871-4960-2, p. 119:
In many respects, if there is any institution that Europe can most justifiably claim as one of its inventions, it is the university. As proof thereof and without wishing here to recount the whole history of the birth of universities, it will suffice to describe briefly how the invention of universities took the form of a polycentric process of specifically European origin.
Jump up ^ Makdisi, George: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255–264 (264):
Thus the university, as a form of social organization, was peculiar to medieval Europe. Later, it was exported to all parts of the world, including the Muslim East; and it has remained with us down to the present day. But back in the Middle Ages, outside of Europe, there was nothing anything quite like it anywhere.
Coordinates: 34°3′52″N 4°58′24″W / 34.06444°N 4.97333°W / 34.06444; -4.97333
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 159504309
ISNI: 0000 0001 0629 9814
GND: 5010783-5
SUDOC: 027750647
BNF: cb12221178n (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine&oldid=835309514"
Categories:
Buildings and structures completed in 1135
Madrasas in Morocco
Universities in Morocco
Islamic universities and colleges
Educational institutions established in the 9th century
859 establishments
Buildings and structures in Fez, Morocco
Almoravid dynasty
Moroccan architecture
Moorish architecture
Arabic architecture
Berber architecture
Mosques in Morocco
University of al-Qarawiyyin
9th-century establishments in Morocco
9th-century establishments in Africa
Hidden categories:
Instances of Infobox university using image size
Articles containing Arabic-language text
Articles with text from the Berber languages collective
Articles containing French-language text
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2012
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from September 2014
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from August 2012
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012
Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Български
Cebuano
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Kurdî
Latina
Lietuvių
മലയാളം
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Shqip
Simple English
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
தமிழ்
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Winaray
中文
33 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 April 2018, at 22:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: scope style

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/State_university
mw-redirect
State university

value: sup

values:
/wiki/Arabic_language
mw-redirect
Arabic language

values: Edit section: Architecture and history of the mosque

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Caliph_of_C%C3%B3rdoba
mw-redirect
Caliph of Córdoba

values:
/wiki/Ali_Ibn_Yusuf
mw-redirect
Ali Ibn Yusuf

values:
/wiki/Kufic_calligraphy
mw-redirect
Kufic calligraphy

values: Edit section: History of the institution

values:
/wiki/Idrisid_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Idrisid Dynasty

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2012)

values:
/wiki/Rough_Guide
mw-redirect
Rough Guide

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2014)

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2012)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values:
/wiki/Mohammed_al-Idrisi
mw-redirect
Mohammed al-Idrisi

values:
/wiki/Ibn_Rushayd
mw-redirect
Ibn Rushayd

values:
/wiki/Mohammed_al-Abdari
mw-redirect
Mohammed al-Abdari

values:
/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence
mw-redirect
Islamic jurisprudence

values:
/wiki/Ibn_Hirzihim
mw-redirect
Ibn Hirzihim

values:
/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Morocco
mw-redirect
French protectorate of Morocco

values:
/wiki/Sultan_of_Morocco
mw-redirect
Sultan of Morocco

values:
/wiki/Berber_people
mw-redirect
Berber people

values:
/wiki/Royal_decree
mw-redirect
Royal decree

values:
/wiki/Islamic_law
mw-redirect
Islamic law

values:
/wiki/Islamic_theology
mw-redirect
Islamic theology

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: List of oldest universities in continuous operation

values:
/wiki/Medieval_Europe
mw-redirect
Medieval Europe

values:
/wiki/Islamic_world
mw-redirect
Islamic world

values:
/wiki/Abd_el-Krim_el-Khattabi
mw-redirect
Abd el-Krim el-Khattabi

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170

values: Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia

values:
/wiki/John_L._Esposito
mw-redirect
John L. Esposito

values:
/wiki/Islam_and_science
mw-redirect
Islam and science

values:
nofollow
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170/
external text

values:
/wiki/The_Catholic_Encyclopedia
mw-redirect
The Catholic Encyclopedia

values:
/wiki/Brill%27s_New_Pauly
mw-redirect
Brill's New Pauly

values:
/wiki/Islamic_sciences
mw-redirect
Islamic sciences

values:
/wiki/Social_sciences
mw-redirect
Social sciences

values:
/wiki/Western_civilization
mw-redirect
Western civilization

values: -moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/159504309

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000106299814

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/5010783-5

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/027750647

values: Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1135

values: Category:Islamic universities and colleges

values: Category:Educational institutions established in the 9th century

values: Category:Buildings and structures in Fez, Morocco

values: Category:9th-century establishments in Morocco

values: Category:9th-century establishments in Africa

values: Category:Instances of Infobox university using image size

values: Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text

values: Category:Articles with text from the Berber languages collective

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2012

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from September 2014

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from August 2012

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012

values: Category:Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Universiteit van Al-Qarawiyyin – Afrikaans

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: جامعة القرويين – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: قرویین بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: Әл-Ҡарауин – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values: Аль-Карауін – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Университет „Карауин“ – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: دانشگاه قرویین – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Ալ-Կարաուին – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: אוניברסיטת אל-קרוויין – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values: അൽ കറാവിയ്യിൻ യൂനിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: جامعه القرويين – Egyptian Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

values: カラウィーイーン大学 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Universitetet ved al-Karaouine – Norwegian Nynorsk

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values: القیروان یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Universidade al Quaraouiyine – Portuguese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Аль-Карауин – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: University of al-Karaouine – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Univerzitet Al-Karaouine – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: அல்-கரவிய்யீன் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Аль-Карауїн – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: جامعہ قرویین – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine rootpage-University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine skin-vector action-view


text:
The Rascals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the English rock band, see The Rascals (English band).
The Rascals
The band in 1966. Standing in back: Dino Danelli. Sitting in front (L-R): Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati and Gene Cornish
Background information
Also known as
The Young Rascals
Origin
Garfield, New Jersey, United States
Genres
Rock
blue-eyed soul
pop
Years active
1965–1972
1988
2012–2013
Labels
Atlantic
Columbia
Associated acts
Joey Dee and the Starliters
Brigati
Bulldog
Fotomaker
Website
therascalsarchives.com
Past members
Felix Cavaliere
Eddie Brigati
Gene Cornish
Dino Danelli
David Brigati
Robert Popwell
Danny Weis
The Rascals (initially known as The Young Rascals) were an American rock band, formed in Garfield, New Jersey in 1965. Between 1966 and 1968 the New Jersey act reached the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 with nine singles, including the #1s "Good Lovin'" (1966), "Groovin'" (1967), and "People Got to Be Free" (1968), as well as big radio hits such as the much-covered "How Can I Be Sure?" (#4 1967) and "A Beautiful Morning" (#3 1968), plus another critical favorite "A Girl Like You" (#10 1967). The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.[1]
The Rascals were inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2010 and also reunited in 2012 for a series of shows in New York and New Jersey. The reunion continued on in 2013 with shows on Broadway.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Post break-up
3 Once Upon a Dream reunion
4 Legacy
5 Membership
6 Studio Musicians
7 Discography
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
Eddie Brigati (vocals), Felix Cavaliere (keyboard, vocals),[2] Gene Cornish (guitar) and Dino Danelli (drums) started the band in Brigati and Danelli's hometown of Garfield, New Jersey. Brigati, Cavaliere, and Cornish had previously been members of Joey Dee and the Starliters.[3] Eddie's brother, David Brigati, an original Starliter, helped arrange the vocal harmonies and sang backgrounds on many of the group's recordings (informally earning the designation as the "fifth Rascal"). When Atlantic Records signed them, they discovered that another group, Borrah Minnevitch's and Johnny Puleo's 'Harmonica Rascals', objected to their release of records under the name 'The Rascals'. To avoid conflict, manager Sid Bernstein decided to rename the group 'The Young Rascals'.
The Young Rascals' first television performance was on the program Hullabaloo on 27 February 1965 where they performed their debut single "I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore". The track reached #23 in Canada and touched the lower reaches of the US charts. This modest success was followed by the US/Canada #1 single "Good Lovin'" (1966, originally recorded by Lemme B. Good & The Olympics in 1965 with much different lyrics).
The band's songwriting team of Eddie Brigati and Cavaliere then began providing most of their songs, and the hits kept coming for two years. Their immediate follow-ups to "Good Lovin'", including "You Better Run" (1966; covered in 1980 by Pat Benatar) and "Come On Up" were only modest hits. "(I've Been) Lonely Too Long" (1967) did better, and "Groovin'"[4] (#1 US/Canada, 1967) returned them to the top of the charts. They reeled off a succession of top 20 US hits, including "A Girl Like You" (1967), "How Can I Be Sure" (1967), "It's Wonderful" (1968), and "A Beautiful Morning" (1968). The band was exceptionally popular in Canada where "A Girl Like You", "How Can I Be Sure?", and "A Beautiful Morning" all reached #1. But they struggled in the UK, where they only twice reached the top 75, with "Groovin'" (#8) and "A Girl Like You" (#35). The band would bill themselves as the Young Rascals for the last time with the single release of "It's Wonderful"; they were known thenceforwards as simply 'the Rascals'.
Bruce Eder, writing for AllMusic, rates the band's 1967 album Groovin' as their best, noting the record's soulful core and innovative use of jazz and Latin instrumental arrangements. 1968's Once Upon A Dream was the first Rascals album designed from conception as an album, rather than as a vehicle to package their singles (eight of Groovin''s eleven songs had been released as single A or B sides, most in advance of the album). Once Upon a Dream, which peaked at #9 on the album charts, contained the single "It's Wonderful" plus many other strong songs, including "Easy Rollin'," "Rainy Day," "My World," and the title track. Perhaps understandably, the album's song "My Hawaii" became a top of the charts hit in Hawaii.
Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits, released in mid-1968, topped the U.S. album chart and became the group's best-selling album. The same year, "People Got to Be Free", a horn-punctuated plea for racial tolerance (the band was known for refusing to tour on segregated bills)[5] in the wake of the assassinations that year of Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., became their third and final U.S. #1 single, and their sixth and final Canadian #1. It was also their final U.S. Top Ten hit, although they remained a Canadian top 10 act for the next few years.
"A Ray of Hope", "Heaven", "See", and "Carry Me Back" were all modest U.S. hits for the band during late 1968 and 1969; all entered the top 40, but none higher than #24. In Canada, however, the Rascals were still major stars; all these songs went top ten, completing a run of 11 straight Canadian top ten hits for The Rascals from 1967 to 1969. December 1969's "Hold On" broke the run of top 40 US singles for the Rascals, stalling at #51, as well as the run of Canadian top tens, peaking at #22.
During their period of greatest celebrity, the band's influence on aspiring R & B-flavored white acts was without equal, especially in the northeastern U.S. Notable bands that incorporated (sometimes to the point of parody) the Rascals' full-on stage demeanor and energy as well as the intense, hyper-dramatic vocalizing, drumstick-spinning gyrations and heavy bottom-end rhythm also achieved some prominence: the Vagrants (featuring Leslie West, later of Mountain), and the epitome of over-the-top funky psychedelia, the Vanilla Fudge, all owed their styles to the Rascals' synthesis of show-biz and soul.
Brigati left the group in 1970, followed by Cornish in 1971. Their last Rascals album was Search and Nearness (#198 U.S.), which featured Brigati's lead vocals on the Cornish-penned "You Don't Know" and a cover of The Box Tops' hit "The Letter", and drummer Danelli's composition "Fortunes". The only single release from the album to chart was the spiritually themed "Glory, Glory" (#58 U.S., #40 Canada), with backing vocals by The Sweet Inspirations. Search and Nearness would be the Rascals' last album for Atlantic Records, with Cavaliere and Danelli taking the band to Columbia Records in mid-1971.
Cavaliere shifted towards more jazz- and gospel-influenced writing for the Rascals' next two albums, Peaceful World (U.S. #122) and The Island Of Real (U.S. #180), using Robert Popwell and Buzzy Feiten on bass and guitar respectively, and new singers Annie Sutton and Molly Holt. These albums didn't sell as well as their earlier work, with none of their associated singles reaching higher than #95 on the U.S. chart. Towards the end of 1970 Danny Weis (previously with Rhinoceros and Iron Butterfly) then joined as a replacement for Feiten on guitar and Feiten then again replaced Weis before the group disbanded.
Post break-up[edit]
Cavaliere released several solo albums during the 1970s. Brigati, with his brother David, released Lost in the Wilderness in 1976. Cornish and Danelli worked together in Bulldog, who released two albums — one for MCA Records in 1973, the second for Buddah in '74 — and Fotomaker, who issued three albums on Atlantic in 1978-79. In 1982, Danelli joined Steve Van Zandt in Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul for the group's first two albums.
After appearing at Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary Celebration on May 14, 1988, the Rascals reunited (with Cavaliere, Cornish, and Danelli) for a brief reunion tour in 1988; Eddie Brigati opted not to participate. The reunion group featured an expanded lineup that included Mel Owens (in Brigati's place) on vocals and percussion, Steve Mackey on bass, Ed Mattey on guitar, Dena Iverson on backup vocals and a horn section from Nashville to beef up the sound. The reunion did not last beyond the end of the year.
After that, Cavaliere returned to his solo career and in the 1990s there were two factions touring: The New Rascals (featuring Cornish and Danelli) and Cavaliere, who sometimes called his grouping Felix Cavaliere's Rascals. The New Rascals lasted only a short time but toured again in 2006 with two new members, Bill Pascali (formerly of Vanilla Fudge) on vocals and keyboards and Charlie Souza on bass and vocals. The New Rascals released a concert DVD, shot at club Centro in New Jersey on Route 35.
In early 2009, Eddie Brigati went on to put together a project of young musicians who played all the classics. Eddie performed with the group along with his brother David. Called The Boys From The Music House, the band consisted of 4 talented young boys from New Jersey. Anthony Duke Claus, a cousin of Eddie's, sang lead vocals and played tambourine, Joseph Pomarico played lead guitar, harmonica and sang background vocals. Adam Sullivan played the piano and the classic organ along with singing some background vocals, and Matt Gazzano played the drums.
On April 24, 2010, all four members of The Rascals reunited for the Kristen Ann Carr benefit, which was held at New York's Tribeca Grill; Bruce Springsteen and Stevie Van Zandt joined the band for a closing "Good Lovin'".
Once Upon a Dream reunion[edit]
The Rascals performing "Groovin'" during one of their 2013 Once Upon a Dream shows. The large video screen helped accentuate song themes and also showed interviews with members and re-enactments of the group's history. Left to right, Gene Cornish, Felix Cavaliere, Dino Danelli, Eddie Brigati, and various supporting players and singers.
The group's original lineup reunited for their first public performances in over 40 years with The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream, a combination concert/theatrical event that was produced and directed by Steven Van Zandt and Maureen Van Zandt with lighting/projection by Marc Brickman. In addition to the concert experience, the history of The Rascals, and the history of the 1960s through their music, is a combination of interviews with the four Rascals, filmed scenes of actors enacting key moments in the band's history, news footage, and archival footage of the band. The show originally ran for six performances in December 2012 at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York.
Fifteen performances of the show were subsequently delivered from April 15 to May 5, 2013 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on Broadway in New York City.[6][7] Near the end of the show's Broadway run, it was announced that Once Upon a Dream would be taken on the road, with performances scheduled in various cities on the East coast of North America during May–December 2013.[8]
Following its national tour, the show was expected to return to Broadway for a second three-week limited-run from December 2013 through January 2014, at the Marquis Theatre, but was canceled.[9]
Legacy[edit]
The Rascals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on May 6, 1997. Steve Van Zandt gave the induction speech and presented the award. For the first time in years, all four original members appeared together. For their jam session (including David Brigati), they performed "Good Lovin'", "Groovin'", "How Can I Be Sure?", and "People Got To Be Free".[10]
In 2005 The Rascals were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.
In August 2007 the Rascals' catalog of Atlantic Records albums was re-released by Atlantic Records affiliate Rhino Records.
On June 18, 2009, Eddie Brigati and Felix Cavaliere were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame at a ceremony in New York City.
Membership[edit]
Eddie Brigati (born Edward Brigati Jr., October 22, 1945, Garfield, New Jersey) – vocals, percussion
Felix Cavaliere (born November 29, 1942, Pelham Manor, New York) – vocals, keyboards
Gene Cornish (born May 14, 1944, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) – guitar, vocals
Dino Danelli (born July 23, 1944, Jersey City, New Jersey) – drums
David Brigati (born October 29, 1940, Garfield, New Jersey) – background vocals
Robert Popwell (born December 29, 1950, Daytona Beach, Florida) – bass
Danny Weis (born September 28, 1948, Huntington Park, California) – guitar
Studio Musicians[edit]
Although the Rascals performed on all of their recordings, they often used studio musicians as well. Below is a short list of musicians who played on many of their recordings.
Bass: Ron Carter, Chuck Rainey, Richard Davis, Gerald Jemmott, Harold Cowart, Robert "Pops" Popwell.
Saxophone: King Curtis, Steve Marcus, Danny Labatte, Hubert Laws (flute), Joe Young, Charles Dinwiddle, Seldon Powell
Harmonica: Buddy Lucas, Michael Weinstein
Trumpet: Melvin Lastie, Joe Newman, Steve Madaio, Marky Markowitz
Piano: Joe Bushkin
Percussion: Kwaski Dzidzornu, Ralph MacDonald, Jack Scarangella, Daniel Ben Zebolun.
Harp: Louis Collin
Guitar: Linc Chamberland, Howard "Buzz" Feiten
Discography[edit]
Main article: The Rascals discography
The Young Rascals (1966)
Collections (1967)
Groovin' (1967)
Once Upon a Dream (1968)
Freedom Suite (1969)
See (1969)
Search and Nearness (1971)
Peaceful World (1971)
The Island of Real (1972)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website". Rockhall.com. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
Jump up ^ "Best of the week: Tom Petty, Cantus does the Beatles, Flint Hills Children's Festival, more" Minneapolis Star-Tribune. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
Jump up ^ "Felix Cavaliere's 2009 interview on The Strange Dave Show Part 2". Youtube.com. 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
Jump up ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 - The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
Jump up ^ Egan, Sean, ed. (2007). Defining Moments in Music, Cassell, ISBN 1-84403-606-5, p. 360.
Jump up ^ The Rascals Reunite for Broadway Dates Associated Press February 22, 2013
Jump up ^ Gioia, Michael & Jones, Kenneth. "Broadway Engagement of The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream, Directed by Steven Van Zandt, Opens April 16" Playbill.com, April 16, 2013
Jump up ^ Playbill.com, "The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream to Embark on North American Tour; Dates and Cities Announced".
Jump up ^ Hetrick, Adam & Gioia, Michael. "Broadway Return of The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream Canceled" Playbill.com, December 2, 2013
Jump up ^ "Felix Cavaliere's 2009 interview on The Strange Dave Show Part 1". Youtube.com. 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
External links[edit]
Book: The Rascals
"The Rascals". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Rolling Stone: The Rascals - Rolling Stone articles
Allmusic: The Rascals - Allmusic articles
The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream at the Internet Broadway Database
New Rascals
"The Rascals' Struggle for Change", Pop Matters; 2007, by Tony Sclafani
[show]
v
t
e
The Rascals
Felix Cavaliere
Eddie Brigati
Gene Cornish
Dino Danelli
David Brigati
Robert Popwell
Danny Weis
The Young Rascals
The Young Rascals (1966)
Collections (1967)
Groovin' (1967)
The Rascals
Once Upon a Dream (1968)
Freedom Suite (1969)
See (1970)
Search and Nearness (1971)
Peaceful World (1971)
The Island of Real (1972)
Compilations
Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits (1968)
The Very Best of The Rascals (1993)
Singles
"I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore"
"Good Lovin'"
"You Better Run"
"Groovin'"
"How Can I Be Sure"
"It's Wonderful"
"A Beautiful Morning"
"People Got to Be Free"
Book:The Rascals
[show]
v
t
e
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Class of 1997
Performers
Bee Gees (Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb)
Buffalo Springfield (Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, Neil Young)
Crosby, Stills, & Nash (David Crosby, Graham Nash, Stephen Stills)
The Jackson 5 (Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, Tito Jackson)
Joni Mitchell
Parliament-Funkadelic (Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, Billy Bass Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, Bernie Worrell)
The (Young) Rascals (Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, Dino Danelli)
Early influences
Mahalia Jackson
Bill Monroe
Non-performers
(Ahmet Ertegun Award)
Syd Nathan
Authority control
MusicBrainz: 219ce30a-0f3a-468c-9a13-55ee358ac0f0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Rascals&oldid=801130324"
Categories:
Rock music groups from New Jersey
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
Vocal quartets
Atlantic Records artists
Musical groups established in 1965
American soul musical groups
Hidden categories:
Articles with hCards
Articles with IBDb links
Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Български
Deutsch
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Русский
Simple English
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 September 2017, at 21:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
nofollow
external text
http://therascalsarchives.com

values:
/wiki/How_Can_I_Be_Sure%3F
mw-redirect
How Can I Be Sure?

values:
/wiki/Borrah_Minnevitch
mw-redirect
Borrah Minnevitch

values:
/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Martin Luther King, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Buzzy_Feiten
mw-redirect
Buzzy Feiten

values:
/wiki/Steve_Van_Zandt
mw-redirect
Steve Van Zandt

values:
/wiki/Stevie_Van_Zandt
mw-redirect
Stevie Van Zandt

values: The Rascals: Once Upon a Dream (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Maureen_Van_Zandt
mw-redirect
Maureen Van Zandt

values: Capitol Theatre (Port Chester, New York)

values:
/wiki/Rhino_Records
mw-redirect
Rhino Records

values:
/wiki/Gerald_Jemmott
mw-redirect
Gerald Jemmott

values: Daniel Ben Zebolun (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Louis_Collin
mw-redirect
Louis Collin

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p5228

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.newrascalsreloaded.com

values:
The_Rascals
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:1997 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

values: Template talk:1997 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

values: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees

values:
/wiki/Walter_Morrison
mw-redirect
Walter Morrison

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Rock music groups from New Jersey

values: Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees

values: Category:Musical groups established in 1965

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Rascals
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Rascals rootpage-The_Rascals vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view