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Leopoldo Galtieri
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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Galtieri and the second or maternal family name is Castelli.
Leopoldo Galtieri
President of Argentina
De facto
In office
22 December 1981 – 18 June 1982
Preceded by
Carlos Lacoste (interim)
Succeeded by
Alfredo Oscar Saint Jean (acting)
Personal details
Born
(1926-07-15)15 July 1926
Caseros, Argentina[1]
Died
12 January 2003(2003-01-12) (aged 76)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Nationality
Argentine
Political party
None
Spouse(s)
Lucía Noemí Gentili
Children
3
Alma mater
Colegio Militar de la Nación
Profession
Military
Signature
Military service
Allegiance
Argentina
Service/branch
Argentine Army
Years of service
1944–1982
Rank
Lieutenant General
Battles/wars
Falklands War
Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (Spanish pronunciation: [leoˈpoldo foɾtuˈnato ɣalˈtjeɾi kasˈteʎi]; 15 July 1926 – 12 January 2003) was an Argentine general and President of Argentina from 22 December 1981 to 18 June 1982, during the last military dictatorship[2] (known officially as the National Reorganization Process). The death squad, 601 Intelligence Battalion, directly reported to him.[3] He was removed from power soon after the British re-took the Falkland Islands, whose invasion and occupation he had ordered.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Rise to power
3 Falklands War
4 Defeat, fall from power, trial and prison
5 Later life, further accusations
6 Death
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Galtieri was an Italian Argentine born to working class immigrant parents.[4] At 17 he enrolled at the National Military Academy to study civil engineering, and his early military career was as an officer in the engineering branch. As well as rising through the ranks of the Military, he continued his studies in engineering until the mid-1950s. In 1958, he became a professor of engineering at the Senior War College.[5]
Galtieri was married to Lucía Noemí Gentili, and the couple had one son and two daughters.[6]
Rise to power[edit]
In 1975, after more than 25 years as a combat engineer, Galtieri became commander of the Argentine engineering corps. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the military coup that started the self-styled National Reorganisation Process in 1976 and rose further, becoming a major general in 1977, and commander-in-chief in 1980 with the rank of lieutenant general. During the junta's rule, Congress was suspended, trade unions, political parties, and provincial governments were banned, and in what became known as the Dirty War, between 9,000 and 30,000 people deemed left-wing subversives disappeared from society. Torture and mass executions were both commonplace. The economy, which had been in dire condition prior to the coup, recovered for a short time, then deteriorated further.[citation needed]
In March 1981, Galtieri visited the United States and was warmly received, as the Reagan administration viewed the regime as a bulwark against communism. National Security Advisor Richard V. Allen described him as a "majestic general". An adherent to the Argentine military's Cold War-era doctrine of "ideological frontiers", Galtieri secured his country's support for rebel groups opposing the government in Nicaragua, the Contras; in August, he sent advisers to help organize the Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN, for a time the principal Contra group), as well as training FDN leaders in Argentine bases. His support for this initiative allowed Galtieri to remove a number of rival generals. In December 1981, he rose to the Presidency of Argentina in a coup that ousted General Roberto Viola. Argentine support became the principal source of funds and training for the Contras during Galtieri's tenure.[7]
Galtieri retained direct control of the army whilst President of the governing Military Junta and did not appoint a new commander-in-chief.[8] He appointed conservative economist and publisher Roberto Alemann as Economy Minister. Alemann inherited an economy in deep recession in the aftermath of José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz's economic policies of the late 1970s.[citation needed] Alemann slashed spending, began selling off government-owned industries (with only minor success), enacted a tight monetary policy, and ordered salaries frozen (amid 130% inflation). The Central Bank Circular 1050, which tied mortgage rates to the value of the US dollar locally, was maintained, however, leading to further deepening of the crisis; GDP fell by 5%, and business investment by 20% over the weakened levels of 1981.[9]
One of Galtieri's closest allies, the head of the First Army Corps, General Guillermo Suárez Mason, was named Chairman of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF), at the time the state petroleum concern, and the largest company of any type in Argentina. Suárez Mason's turn at YPF would help result in a US$6 billion loss for the company – the largest recorded corporate loss in the world, up to that point.[10]
Galtieri instituted limited political reforms which allowed the expression of dissent, and anti-junta demonstrations soon became common, as did agitation for a return to democracy.[11]
Falklands War[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
See also: Falklands War
In April 1982, after Galtieri had been in office for four months and with his popularity low,[12] Argentine forces invaded the lightly defended Falkland Islands, governed by the United Kingdom and subject to a long-standing Argentine territorial claim. The UK and other countries condemned the forcible annexation, while Peru and other Latin American countries supported it. (The U.S. and Chile eventually joined the countries supporting the British position.)
Initially the invasion was enormously popular in Argentina, and the anti-junta demonstrations were replaced by patriotic demonstrations in support of Galtieri. On 2 April 1982, the first day of the invasion, a small group gathered in the historic Plaza de Mayo, across from the Casa Rosada, the government site. After a while, Galtieri showed up on one of the balconies (not the same one used by Perón but to the left of it) and raised his hands to cheer the small group of supporters. A few minutes later, a siren was heard and many bystanders started to flee in panic, reminiscent of the tough repression that happened just a few days before in the same place, on 30 March.
Galtieri and most of his government mistakenly believed the UK would not respond militarily to his seizure[13] and that the United States would not interfere because the junta had supported the Central Intelligence Agency in its fight against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and Galtieri had been warmly welcomed during his visit to Washington, D.C.
After diplomatic pressure and negotiations on 3–4 April failed, the British Government led by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher determined to restore the Falkland Islands' sovereignty. It dispatched a seaborne combined army and naval task force to drive the Argentinian forces from the Islands, resulting in the Falklands War. Despite numerical and geo-strategic advantages possessed by Argentina over the United Kingdom's task force in the conflict, it concluded with a British victory 10 weeks after the initial Argentinian invasion of the islands.
Defeat, fall from power, trial and prison[edit]
On 14 June 1982, the Falklands' capital, Stanley, was retaken by British forces. Within days Galtieri was removed from power, and he spent the next 18 months at a well-protected country retreat while democracy was restored to Argentina. Along with other members of the former junta, he was arrested in late 1983 and charged in a military court with human rights violations during the Dirty War and with mismanaging the Falklands War. The Argentine Army's internal investigation, known as the Rattenbach report after the general who led it,[14] recommended Galtieri be stripped of all rank, dismissed and face a firing squad; however in 1986 he was sentenced to twelve years in prison.[15]
Galtieri was cleared of the civil rights charges in December 1985, but (together with the Air Force and Navy commanders-in-chief) in May 1986 he was found guilty of mishandling the war and sentenced to prison. All three appealed in a civil court, and the prosecution appealed for heavier sentences. In November 1988 the original sentences were confirmed, and all three commanders were stripped of their rank. In 1989, Galtieri and 39 other officers of the dictatorship received President Carlos Menem's pardon.[16]
Later life, further accusations[edit]
Galtieri was heavily blamed for Argentina's humiliating defeat in the ill-conceived Falklands War. Following his release from prison, he moved to the Villa Devoto suburb of Buenos Aires, and lived modestly with his wife Lucía. He became a recluse and refused most requests for interviews by journalists, though in a rare interview he stated he had "no regrets" over anything he had done during the Dirty War. He lived on an army pension of about $1,800 per month, and attempted to claim a Presidential pension, but a judge denied it. In her ruling, the judge stated that his presidency had been illegal due to his never having been elected, and she also ordered him to pay court costs. In May 2002, he was invited to the military parade of the Argentine Army for the celebrations of Argentine Army Day (Día del Ejército Argentino): the presence of the former "president de facto" caused a huge controversy in public opinion after he was confronted and questioned by the journalist Martín Ciccioli in the television programme Kaos en la Ciudad. [2]
In July 2002, new civil charges were brought concerning the kidnapping of children and the disappearance of 18 leftist sympathizers in the late 1970s (while Galtieri was commander of the Second Army Corps), and the disappearance or death of three Spanish citizens at about the same time. Galtieri faced prosecution with 28 other officials, but due to his poor health, he was allowed to remain at home. He died several months later.[17][18]
Death[edit]
Leopoldo Galtieri underwent surgery for pancreatic cancer on 16 August 2002 at a hospital in Buenos Aires. He died there of a heart attack on 12 January 2003, aged 76.[19] His body was interred in a small mausoleum in La Chacarita Cemetery in the capital.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Argentina's Military Dictatorship (in spanish)
Jump up ^ Dark Years: Murió Galtieri, el general que llevó al país a la guerra
Jump up ^ New Documents Describe Key Death Squad Under Former Army Chief Galtieri, National Security Archive
Jump up ^ Oriana Fallaci, Cambio 16, June 1982, Available Online [1][permanent dead link] "Si, señora periodista, desciendo de italianos. Mis abuelos eran italianos. Mi abuelo de Génova y mi abuela de Calabria. Vinieron aquí con las oleadas de inmigrantes que se produjeron al comienzo de siglo. Eran obreros pobres, pronto hicieron fortuna." ("Yes, madam reporter, I'm descended from Italians. My grandparents were Italian. My grandfather came from Genoa and my grandmother Calabria. They came here with the waves of immigration that occurred at the beginning of the century. They were poor workers, soon made a fortune.")
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
Jump up ^ http://www.soaw.org/soaw/index.php?view=article&catid=6&id=1924&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=64
Jump up ^ Scott, Peter Dale; Marshall, Jonathan. Cocaine Politics. University of California Press, 1991. (ISBN# needed)
Jump up ^ http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/general_galtieri.htm
Jump up ^ Argentina: From Insolvency to Growth. World Bank Press, 1993.
Jump up ^ Poneman, Daniel. Argentina: Democracy on Trial. Paragon House, 1987.
Jump up ^ "Galtieri grows old with his Falklands secrets", The Scotsman, 2 April 2002
Jump up ^ "General Leopoldo Galtieri - History Learning Site". History Learning Site. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
Jump up ^ "Que tenía que ver con despertar el orgullo nacional y con otra cosa. La junta —Galtieri me lo dijo— nunca creyó que los británicos darían pelea. Él creía que Occidente se había corrompido. Que los británicos no tenían Dios, que Estados Unidos se había corrompido. ... Nunca lo pude convencer de que ellos no sólo iban a pelear, que además iban a ganar." ("This was neither about national pride nor anything else. The junta — Galtieri told me — never believed the British would respond. He thought the Western World was corrupt. That the British people had no God, that the U.S. was corrupt. ... I could never convince him that the British would not only fight back but also win.") La Nación/Islas Malvinas Online. "Haig: "Malvinas fue mi Waterloo"" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 September 2006. Retrieved 21 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Informe Rattenbach
Jump up ^ Informe Rattenbach
Jump up ^ "Pardon of Argentine Officers Angers Critics of the Military". The New York Times. 9 October 1989.
Jump up ^ Hilton, Isobel (13 January 2003). "General Leopoldo Galtieri". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ http://en.mercopress.com/2001/08/01/frail-pathetic-galtieri-british-profile-of-former-argentine-president
Jump up ^ "Former Argentine dictator Galtieri dies". BBC News. 12 January 2003. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
External links[edit]
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Australian Grand Prix
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the automobile motor race. For other uses, see Australian Grand Prix (disambiguation).
Australian Grand Prix
Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit
(1996–present)
Race information
Number of times held
83
First held
1928
Most wins (drivers)
Lex Davison (4)
Michael Schumacher (4)
Most wins (constructors)
Ferrari (12)
McLaren (12)
Circuit length
5.303 km (3.295 mi)
Race length
307.574 km (191.071 mi)
Laps
58
Last race (2018)
Pole position
Lewis Hamilton
Mercedes
1:21:164
Podium
1. S. Vettel
Ferrari
1:29:33.283
2. L. Hamilton
Mercedes
+5.036
3. K. Räikkönen
Ferrari
+6.309
Fastest lap
Daniel Ricciardo
Red Bull Racing-TAG Heuer
1:25.945
The Australian Grand Prix is a motor race held annually in Australia currently under contract to host Formula One until 2023.[1] The Grand Prix is the oldest surviving motor racing competition held in Australia having been contested 83 times since it was first run at Phillip Island in 1928. It is currently sponsored with naming rights by the Swiss watchmaker Rolex.
Prior to its inclusion in the World Championship, it was held at a multitude of venues in every state of Australia. It was a centrepiece of the Tasman Series in most years between 1964 and 1972 and was a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship on many occasions between 1957 and 1983.
Unusual, even for a race of such longevity, as of 2018 the location of the Grand Prix has moved frequently with 23 different venues having been used over its life, a number eclipsing the 16 venues used for the French Grand Prix since its own 1906 start.
The race became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1985 and was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, from that year to 1995. From 1996 it has been held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit at Albert Park in Melbourne. The winner of the race is presented with a circular plate, recently named the Jack Brabham trophy in a design based on the steering wheel of one of Brabham's racing cars and a perpetual trophy, the Lex Davison trophy. These trophies each date back to the 1960s.[citation needed]
Since moving to Melbourne, the Australian Grand Prix has been the first race of the F1 World Championship excluding 2006 and 2010. Previously in Adelaide, it was the final round of the Championship, hosting numerous racing memorable for deciding Championship results, most notably the 1986 and 1994 races which saw the 1986 and 1994 World Drivers' Championships decided.
Australian driver Lex Davison and German driver Michael Schumacher are the most successful drivers in the 86-year history of the event taking four wins each, while McLaren and Ferrari have been the most successful constructors with twelve victories each. Frenchman Alain Prost is the only driver to win the Australian Grand Prix in both Australian domestic and World Championship formats, having won the race in 1982 driving a Formula Pacific Ralt RT4 and in Formula One in 1986 and 1988.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Pre-war
1.2 Post-war
1.2.1 Early post-war races
1.2.2 Tasman Formula
1.2.3 Formula 5000
1.2.4 Calder Park
1.3 Formula One
1.3.1 Adelaide
1.3.2 Albert Park, Melbourne
2 Spectator attendance since 1995
3 Sponsors
4 Winners
4.1 Multiple winners (drivers)
4.2 Winners by nationality
4.3 Multiple winners (constructors)
4.4 By year
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Pre-war[edit]
Arthur Waite won the 1928 100 Miles Road Race at the Phillip Island road circuit driving an Austin 7
While an event called the Australian Grand Prix is believed to have been staged in 1927 near Sydney, it is generally accepted that the Australian Grand Prix began as the 100 Miles Road Race held at the Phillip Island road circuit in 1928.[2] The inaugural race was won by Arthur Waite in what was effectively an entry supported by the Austin Motor Company, a modified Austin 7. For eight years, races, first called the Australian Grand Prix in 1929, continued on the rectangular dirt road circuit. This was the era of the Australian "special", mechanical concoctions of disparate chassis and engine that were every bit as capable as the Grand Prix machines imported from Europe. For all the ingenuity of the early Australian mechanic-racers, Bugattis dominated the results, taking four consecutive wins from 1929–1932. The last Phillip Island race was in 1935 and the title lapsed for three years. An AGP style event was held on Boxing Day, 1936 at the South Australian town of Victor Harbor for a centennial South Australian Grand Prix[3] before the Australian Grand Prix title was revived in 1938 for the grand opening of what would become one of the world's most famous race tracks, Mount Panorama just outside the semi-rural town of Bathurst. Only just completed, with a tar seal for the circuit still a year away, the race was won by Englishman Peter Whitehead racing a new voiturette ERA B-Type that was just too fast for the locally developed machinery.[4] One more race was held, at the Lobethal Circuit near the South Australian town of Lobethal in 1939, before the country was plunged into World War II.
Post-war[edit]
Early post-war races[edit]
In the immediate post-war era, racing was sparse with competitors using pre-war cars with supplies cobbled together around the rationing of fuel and tyres. Mount Panorama held the first post-war Grand Prix in 1947, beginning a rotational system between the Australian States,[5] as fostered by the Australian Automobile Association.[6] A mixture of stripped-down production sports cars and Australian "specials" were to take victories as the race travelled amongst temporary converted airfield circuits and street circuits like Point Cook, Leyburn, Nuriootpa and Narrogin before, on the races return to Mount Panorama in 1952, the way to the future was pointed by Doug Whiteford racing a newly imported Talbot-Lago Formula One car to victory. Grand Prix machinery had already been filtering through in the shape of older Maserati and OSCAs and smaller Coopers but had yet to prove to be superior to the locally developed cars. The end of the Australian "specials" was coming, but the magnificent Maybach-based series of specials driven exuberantly by Stan Jones would give many hope for the next few years.
Lex Davison, who for several years would experiment with sports car engines in smaller Formula 2 chassis, took his first of four victories in a Jaguar engined Formula 2 HWM in 1954, while the previous year Whiteford won his third and final Grand Prix as for the first time racing cars thundered around the streets surrounding the Albert Park Lake in inner Melbourne. That circuit, which for four brief years gave Australia the strongest taste of the grandeur surrounding European Grand Prix racing, was 40 years later very much modified, used to host the 1996 Australian Grand Prix as the modern Formula One world championship venue. Jack Brabham took his first of three AGP wins in 1955 at the short Port Wakefield Circuit in South Australia. The race is significant in that Brabham was driving a Bristol powered Cooper T40, the first ever rear-engine car to win the Grand Prix.
The Grand Prix returned to Albert Park in 1956, Melbourne's Olympic Games year to play host to a group of visiting European teams, led by Stirling Moss and the factory Maserati racing team who brought a fleet of 250F Grand Prix cars and 300S sports racing cars. Moss won the Grand Prix from Maserati teammate Jean Behra. That 1956 race would inspire the next great era of the Grand Prix.[7]
Tasman Formula[edit]
The growing influence of engineer-drivers Jack Brabham and a couple of years behind him New Zealander Bruce McLaren would transform the race. Brabham, who first won the Grand Prix in 1955 in an obsolete Cooper T40 Bristol he had brought home from his first foray into English racing,[8] would test new developments for Cooper during the European winter, beginning a flood of Cooper-Climax Grand Prix machinery into Australia and New Zealand before Brabham started building his own cars, as well as the appearance of Lotus chassis as well, finally killing off the Australian "specials". With European Formula One restricted by the 1.5-litre regulations and big powerful 2.5-litre Australian cars were tremendously attractive to the European teams and when BRM Grand Prix team toured Australia during the summer of 1962, the seed grew that became the Tasman Series.
The top European Formula One teams and drivers raced the European winters in Australia and New Zealand from 1963 to 1969 playing host to a golden age for racing in the region for which the Australian Grand Prix (and the New Zealand Grand Prix) became jewels of the summer. The popularity of the Tasman formulae was directly responsible for 1966's "return to power" in Formula One, and having spent years developing with Repco the Brabham cars and eventually the Oldsmobile-based Repco V8s in the Tasman series gave Jack Brabham the opportunity to unexpectedly dominate Formula One in his Brabhams with a ready-proven lightweight car that left Ferrari and the British "garagistes" struggling with their heavy, technically fragile or underpowered cars until the appearance of the Lotus-Cosworth in 1967.
The Formula One stars of the era all visited the Tasman Series, including World Champions Jim Clark, John Surtees, Phil Hill, Jackie Stewart, Graham Hill and Jochen Rindt, while other F1 regulars Timmy Mayer, Pedro Rodriguez, Piers Courage, leading teams from Cooper, Lotus, Lola, BRM, even the four wheel drive Ferguson P99 and finally, Ferrari, racing against the local stars, Jack Brabham, Bruce McLaren, Denny Hulme, Chris Amon, Frank Gardner, Frank Matich, Leo Geoghegan and Kevin Bartlett. Brabham won the Grand Prix three times, McLaren twice, Clark twice, the second was his last major victory before his untimely death, winning a highly entertaining battle with Chris Amon at the 1968 Australian Grand Prix at Sandown Raceway. Graham Hill won the 1966 race, with Amon winning the final Tasman formulae race in 1969 leading home Ferrari teammate Derek Bell for a dominant 1–2 at Lakeside Raceway.
Formula 5000[edit]
By the end of the decade, European teams were increasingly reluctant to commit to the Tasman Series in the face of longer home seasons, but also having to develop 2.5-litre versions of their 3.0 litre F1 engines. Local Tasman cars were declining as well and after originally opting a 2.0 litre version of Tasman to be the future of the Australia Grand Prix, the overwhelming support for the already well established Formula 5000 saw natural selection force CAMS' hand.[9]
For the first half of the 1970s, the Tasman Series continued purely as a local series for Formula 5000 racers, but by 1976, the Australian and New Zealand legs fractured apart and the Australian Grand Prix separated from the remnants and became a stand-alone race once more. During this era, the former Tasman stars, Matich, Geoghegan and Bartlett would continue on as a new generation of drivers emerged, some like Garrie Cooper (Elfin) and Graham McRae developing their own cars while others like Max Stewart, John McCormack and Alfredo Costanzo using European-built cars, mostly Lolas. Matich won two Grands Prix is his own cars before Stewart and McRae each took a pair of wins. Towards the end of the 1970s, the race again became a home to returning European-based antipodeans like Alan Jones and Larry Perkins with Warwick Brown winning the 1977 race, while in 1976, touring car racer John Goss completed a remarkable double becoming the only driver to win the Grand Prix and the Bathurst 1000 touring car race.
Calder Park[edit]
Declining economy and the dominance of the local scene by Group C touring cars towards the latter part of the 1970s saw Formula 5000 gradually fall out of favour. By 1980, the decision to replace was once again imminent; however, the form of Alan Jones in Formula One saw entrepreneur Bob Jane seize an opportunity to bring Formula One back as the Grand Prix Formula. The 1980 extravaganza held at Jane's Calder Park Raceway saw a combined field of Formula One and Formula 5000 padded out with the Australised version of Formula Atlantic cars, Formula Pacific.[10] The newly crowned world champion, Jones swept the field aside in his Williams-Ford, but with only two F1 cars entering (the other being the Alfa Romeo 179 driven by Bruno Giacomelli).
The continuing disintegration of F5000 saw Jane concentrate the next four Grands Prix on the Formula Pacific (later rebadged as Formula Mondial[11]) category and importing Formula One drivers to race the locals in fields almost entirely made up of Ralt RT4s. Brazilian Roberto Moreno dominated this era, winning three of the four races, ceding only the 1982 race to future four-time World Champion Alain Prost.
Jane's attempt to bring the World Championship to Calder Park ultimately failed, as did a bid by Melbourne's other circuit Sandown (though Sandown was able to attract a round of the World Sportscar Championship to its upgraded track in 1984). As it turned out, F1 would be tempted away from Melbourne by a far more attractive option.[12]
Formula One[edit]
Adelaide[edit]
Promotional poster for the first Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide in 1985.
The Australian Grand Prix became a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1985 with the last race of the season held on the street circuit in Adelaide. The Adelaide Street Circuit, which held its last Formula One race in 1995, was known as a challenging, demanding and tricky circuit that often produced races of attrition, and the whole event was very popular with drivers, teams and fans. Whenever the teams came to Adelaide they enjoyed the party atmosphere.[13]
The first ever Australian Grand Prix to be included as part of the Formula One World Championship was also the 50th AGP. The new 3.78 km Adelaide Street Circuit saw Brazilian Ayrton Senna on pole with a time of 1:19.843 in his Lotus–Renault. The race itself was a battle between Senna and Finland's Keke Rosberg driving a Williams–Honda for the last time. Run in oppressively hot conditions, the last race of the 1985 season ran to its 2-hour time limit, though all scheduled 82 laps were run. Rosberg ultimately prevailed finishing 43 seconds in front of the Ligier–Renaults of Frenchmen Jacques Laffite and Philippe Streiff who actually collided at the hairpin at the end of Brabham Straight with only one lap to go when Streiff tried a passing move that resulted in his car suffering broken suspension, though not bad enough to cause retirement. Three time World Champion Austrian Niki Lauda drove his last Formula One race at this event. After starting 16th in his McLaren, he made his way to the lead by lap 57, but a lack of brakes cause him to crash into a wall in a sad end to his Formula One career. Australia had its own driver in the race with 1980 World Champion Alan Jones driving a Lola–Hart. Jones, who started 19th, stalled at the start but fought his way to sixth by lap 20 before retiring later in the lap with electrical failure. The 1986 event was a three-way race for the Drivers' Championship. Briton Nigel Mansell and Brazilian Nelson Piquet in Williams–Hondas and Frenchman Alain Prost, in a comparatively underpowered McLaren–TAG/Porsche, were competing for the drivers' title. Mansell needed only third to guarantee the title, whilst Prost and Piquet needed to win and for Mansell to finish fourth or lower to take the title. Finn Keke Rosberg led for 62 laps before a puncture that caused damage to his McLaren; this was the 1982 champion's last Formula One race. Whilst comfortably in the top three with 20 laps to go, Mansell's Williams suffered a spectacular mechanical failure, with a rear tyre puncture at 180 mph (290 km/h) on the Brabham Straight, creating a huge shower of sparks as the floor of the vehicle dragged along the bitumen surface. Mansell fought to control the violently veering car and steered it to a safe stop. Prost took the lead, as Mansell's teammate Piquet had pitted as a pre-cautionary measure, and the Frenchman won the race and the championship. Prost had to fight back after a mid-race puncture, and stopped soon after the finish so as not to waste fuel, something he had done at every race he finished since his disqualification from the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix for being underweight after his McLaren ran out of fuel on his slow down lap after crossing the line first. 1987 saw Gerhard Berger win in his Ferrari while Ayrton Senna finished second but was then disqualified for technical irregularities in his last race for Lotus; Berger's teammate Michele Alboreto was then moved up to second place to make the final result a Ferrari 1–2.
1988, the last ever Grand Prix of the turbo era, saw Alain Prost win his seventh race of the season from McLaren teammate and newly crowned World Champion Ayrton Senna with outgoing champion Nelson Piquet third for Lotus, giving Honda turbo's all three podium positions. The race was also the 15th win and 15th pole in 16 races in a season of total dominance for McLaren-Honda, a domination not seen before or since in Formula One. 1989 was hit by a deluge of rain and the drivers, notably Prost, who did not want to start the race because of the very wet conditions, particularly on the Brabham straight. This event came after controversial events 2 weeks before at the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka, where Prost crashed into his hated teammate Senna, and Senna got going again and finished 1st on the road but after a lot of political ramifications, he was disqualified for cutting the chicane before the pit straight at Suzuka; the repercussions of which dawned on the race. McLaren decided to appeal Senna's disqualification; so Senna still had a chance of winning the championship. The race was delayed for sometime and there were discussions about whether the race should be started. Senna qualified on pole position, and had every intention of starting the race. The circuit was still being hammered by rain and was covered by water, but the drivers, including Prost relented and they started. But an unconvinced Prost came in after one lap and withdrew; and Senna- who was in an awful mental state, immediately began driving as fast as he could. By the end of the first lap, due to Pierluigi Martini's slow Minardi holding up the two faster Williams cars of Belgian Thierry Boutsen and Italian Riccardo Patrese, Senna was an astonishing nine seconds ahead of Martini; the Williams cars soon passed Martini but by the end of the third lap, Senna was 23 seconds ahead of second-placed Boutsen. But even with such a huge lead which extended even further, Senna continued to push very hard- taking very daring chances even for himself; the psychological dominance F1 had exuded over the Brazilian meant that he was known to take chances that most other drivers would not. But going down the Brabham straight on lap 13, Senna came up behind Briton Martin Brundle's Brabham-Judd, and Brundle decided to move over to let Senna pass. But Senna was blinded by thick spray; and the Brazilian did not let up and then he hit the back of Brundle's car and it tore off his front left wheel and suspension, so the Brazilian had to retire; effectively handing Prost his third Drivers' Championship; McLaren's appeal had not been decided yet; and it was not only overturned but Senna received a $100,000 fine and a six-month ban, both of which were rescinded. Boutsen won the race in the unimproved conditions, the race was called after it reached the two-hour time limit.
1990 was the 500th World Championship Grand Prix ever held; and it came after yet more controversial events at Suzuka. Senna had crashed into Prost at the very first corner on the first lap of the race; and he won the Drivers' Championship for the second time. The Australian Grand Prix that year was an incredibly exciting race: Senna led for 61 laps, but crashed near the entrance to the permanent race course because of gearbox problems. The race then turned into a dead-heat sprint between Nelson Piquet in his Benetton-Ford and Nigel Mansell in his Ferrari. Mansell charged through the field and repeatedly broke the lap record in pursuit of his former Williams teammate. This almost ended in disaster when the Ferrari almost hit the Benetton at the end of the Brabham Straight in a last-ditch overtaking move on the last lap. Piquet won from the Ferraris of Mansell and Prost. There was pre-race controversy when Prost refused to take part in both the annual end of season drivers' photo and the special photo shoot with the World Champions in attendance (including legendary five-time champion Juan Manuel Fangio, three-time champions Sir Jack Brabham, Jackie Stewart, Niki Lauda, and Nelson Piquet; and other world champions James Hunt, Alan Jones, Denny Hulme and Senna), as Prost was still disgusted and angry did not wish to appear in the photos with Senna following their controversial first corner crash in the previous race in Japan which gave the 1990 World Championship to Senna. The 1991 race was notable for being held in extremely wet and tricky conditions and the race was eventually stopped after 14 of the scheduled 82 laps and Ayrton Senna was declared the winner. Prost had been fired from Ferrari for making unsavory comments about the car after Suzuka; he did not compete in this race. The Drivers' Championship had already been decided in Senna's favour; but the Constructors' Championship was still yet to be decided between McLaren and Williams. Senna's victory plus his teammate Gerhard Berger's third gave McLaren its fourth consecutive Constructors' Championship; Williams (which was behind McLaren in points) drivers Mansell finished second (but crashed near the race's end at the chicane after the pits) and Riccardo Patrese finished fifth. This race has the record of being the shortest ever Formula One race as it only lasted 52 kilometres (33 miles)/24 minutes. Triple World Champion Nelson Piquet, who finished fifth, retired from Grand Prix racing following the race. 1992 saw Senna drive very hard to try to stay with new world champion Mansell's dominant Williams; this ended in Senna running into the back of Mansell at the last corner. Mansell retired from Formula One and went to compete in CART in the United States; Senna's teammate Gerhard Berger won the race. 1993 saw Senna win what was to be his 41st and final victory and final race for McLaren ahead of Alain Prost, who was competing in his final Formula One race in a Williams before he too retired. Senna embraced his once extremely bitter rival Prost on the podium. It was announced around this time that the Australian Grand Prix would be moving to Melbourne for 1996.
The 1994 was to see yet another memorable weekend. Following his win at the Japanese Grand Prix, Damon Hill was now one point behind championship leader Michael Schumacher. Nigel Mansell, returning to Formula One in place of the late Senna, was on pole but a poor start resulted in the two championship rivals Hill and Schumacher battling for the lead. But on lap 36, Schumacher went off the track, a result of oversteer, and this allowed Hill to catch up with Schumacher and take the inside line for the next corner. Schumacher turned in on Hill's Williams (whether on purpose or accidentally remains unknown) which sent the Benetton up on two wheels and into the tyre barrier, Schumacher retiring on the spot. Hill came out of the incident with a broken wishbone on his front-left suspension, he pitted and retired from the race, handing the title to Schumacher. The sister Williams of the 41-year-old Nigel Mansell went on to win the race, becoming the oldest Grand Prix winner since Jack Brabham in 1970. In 1995, Mika Häkkinen suffered a tyre failure at the early part of the first qualifying session at the high speed Brewery Bend between Jones and Brabham Straights, which resulted in him crashing heavily into the outside wall. He was critically injured in the crash and was saved only due to an emergency cricothyroidotomy that was performed by the side of the track by Sid Watkins.[14] This incident forged a strong bond between Häkkinen and team principal Ron Dennis, and also sent forth a new movement for extra safety in the sport. Luckily, Häkkinen recovered fully and was fit to race again in 1996, thus missing only one race. Häkkinen climbed back into a Formula One car at Paul Ricard three months after the accident.[15] The final F1 race at Adelaide was won by Damon Hill in a Williams, almost all of his main rivals including Schumacher retired, and Hill finished two laps ahead of second-placed Olivier Panis.
Albert Park, Melbourne[edit]
In 1993 prominent Melbourne businessman Ron Walker began working with the Kennett government to make Melbourne the host of the event. After the government of Jeff Kennett spent an undisclosed amount,[16] it was announced in late 1993 (days after the South Australian election) that the race would be shifted to a rebuilt Albert Park street circuit in Melbourne. The race moved to Melbourne in 1996. The decision to hold the race there was controversial. A series of protests were organised by the "Save Albert Park" group, which claimed that the race turned a public park into a private playground for one week per year. Additionally, they claimed that the race cost a great deal of money that would be better spent, if it were to be spent on motor racing, on a permanent circuit elsewhere. Finally, they said that the claimed economic benefits of the race were false or exaggerated. The race organisers and the government claimed that the economic benefits to the state, although unquantifiable, outweighed the costs, and highlighted that the park's public amenities have been greatly improved from the World War II vintage facilities previously located at Albert Park; the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (scene of many Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games events) being the centre piece and best known of the revitalised facilities. Opponents of holding the race in the park point out that the Aquatic Centre adds nothing to the Grand Prix, is effectively closed for weeks surrounding the event and could have been built independent of the car race.
Demonstration event held in Melbourne just before the start of the 2005 Grand Prix
Nick Heidfeld and Nico Rosberg at Corner 6 of the Albert Park Circuit, Melbourne
Bernie Ecclestone, the president of Formula One Management, the group that runs modern-day Formula One in conjunction with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), once famously said that it took 10 minutes to do the deal with Melbourne that would see the Victorian capital host the Australian Grand Prix from 1996. It is thought that Melbourne's unsuccessful quest to stage the 1996 Olympic Games, and the subsequently successful bid by northern rival city Sydney to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, was a driving force behind Melbourne's motivation to wrest the Australian Grand Prix away from Adelaide. The Australian Grand Prix at Adelaide from 1985–1995 was always the last event in the Formula One calendar- but from 1996 onwards, it was usually the first event or early in the season.
Albert Park, within easy reach of the Melbourne central business district, became home to the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne. A 16-turn circuit, which measures 5.3 kilometres in its current guise, was built utilising a combination of public roads and a car park within the park. The circuit is renowned as being a smooth and high-speed test for Formula One teams and drivers. Its characteristics are similar to the only other street circuit set in a public park used in the Formula One World Championship, the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal which hosts the Canadian Grand Prix. The promotional theme for the first race in Melbourne was "Melbourne – What a Great Place for the Race". Some 401,000 people turned out for the first race in 1996, which remains a record for the event. The logistics of creating a temporary circuit and hosting an event of the magnitude of a Formula One Grand Prix from scratch weren't lost on the international visitors, with Melbourne winning the F1 Constructors' Association Award for the best organised Grand Prix of the year in its first two years of 1996 and 1997.
It took just three corners for the Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park to gain worldwide attention. On the first lap of the first race in 1996, Jordan's Martin Brundle was launched into the air in an enormous accident. Footage of the crash, and Brundle's subsequent rush back to the pits to take the spare car for the restart, ensured the first race in Melbourne gained widespread coverage. The race was won by Williams's Damon Hill.
2008 Race Winner Lewis Hamilton on the Podium with Nick Heidfeld
The 1997 race saw McLaren, through David Coulthard, break a drought of 50 races without a victory. The next year was a McLaren benefit, with Mika Häkkinen and Coulthard lapping the entire field en route to a dominant 1–2 finish. The result was clouded by controversy when Coulthard pulled over with two laps remaining to allow Häkkinen to win, honouring a pre-race agreement between the pair that whoever made it to the first corner in the lead on lap one would be allowed to win. Ferrari won its first Grand Prix in Melbourne in 1999, but it was not with team number one Michael Schumacher. Northern Irishman Eddie Irvine took his maiden victory after the all-conquering McLarens of Häkkinen and Coulthard retired before half-distance. Schumacher broke his Melbourne drought the following year when he headed a dominant Ferrari 1–2 with new teammate Rubens Barrichello. The 2001 event, won by Michael Schumacher, was marked by tragedy when 52-year-old volunteer marshal Graham Beveridge was killed after a high-speed accident involving Ralf Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve on lap five. Villeneuve's B.A.R rode up across the back of Schumacher's Williams and crashed into the fence, behind which Beveridge was standing; Beveridge was hit by a tyre that flew off of Villeneuve's car.
The start of the 2002 race saw pole-sitter Barrichello and Williams's Ralf Schumacher come together at Turn One in a spectacular accident that saw 11 of the 22 cars eliminated before the end of the opening lap. Michael Schumacher dominated thereafter to post a third straight Melbourne win, but his achievements were overshadowed by the fifth place of Australian Mark Webber on his Formula One debut. Webber, in an underpowered and underfunded Minardi, had to recover from a botched late pit stop and resist the challenges of Toyota's Mika Salo in the closing stages, and took to the podium after the race with Australian team owner Paul Stoddart in one of Melbourne's more memorable Grand Prix moments. The next year, 2003, saw Coulthard again win for McLaren in a race held in variable conditions. Normal service was resumed in 2004 with the Ferraris of Schumacher and Barrichello running rampant – within two laps of Friday practice, Schumacher had obliterated the Albert Park lap record, and sailed to a crushing win. In 2005, the race was won by Renault's Giancarlo Fisichella after a storm during Saturday qualifying produced a topsy-turvy grid. Barrichello and Fisichella's teammate Fernando Alonso came through the field from 11th and 13th on the grid respectively to join pole-sitter Fisichella on the podium. In 2006, Alonso took his first Australian win in an accident-marred race that featured four safety car periods. In 2007 Kimi Räikkönen in his first race for Ferrari, while Lewis Hamilton became first driver in 11 years to finish on the podium in debut, as he was third behind his teammate Alonso. Hamilton won the 2008 race which had three safety car periods. In 2009 Jenson Button took the victory, driving for Brawn GP, which was having first race after Ross Brawn had bought the team following Honda's withdrawal from Formula One. The team was formed from the remnants of Honda Racing F1 who had withdrawn from the sport following the 2008 season. The race ended with Button, who had led from the start, leading the field over the line after the safety car had been deployed with three laps remaining following a crash between Sebastian Vettel and Robert Kubica, who had been fighting for second place. Toyota's Jarno Trulli was given a 25-second penalty for passing Lewis Hamilton for third place under yellow flags during that safety car period, which promoted Hamilton into that position. However, Hamilton was later disqualified and docked his points for "deliberately misleading stewards",[17] with Trulli reinstated in third. The results earned by Brawn, Williams, and Toyota were awarded, despite an appeal being held two weeks later against a ruling on the legality of the teams' diffuser design.[18] The outcome of the appeal was in favour of the teams and that their diffusers were legal under the new rules and there were no changes to the results of the race. 2010 again saw Jenson Button win at Melbourne. Starting from fourth, he gambled on an early change to slick tires under drying conditions that let him move up to second place after losing several positions at the start. Sebastian Vettel retired with mechanical issues after qualifying on pole and leading until his retirement, handing Button the victory.
The move of the Australian Grand Prix to Melbourne saw a change in the time of year that the F1 teams and personnel made their annual voyage Down Under. Adelaide, for each of its 11 years, was the final race of the F1 season, usually in October or November, while Melbourne has been the first race of the season in every year since 1996 with the exception of 2006—when it was the third race of the year to allow for the Commonwealth Games to take place in the city—and 2010. As such, the Albert Park circuit has seen the Formula One debuts of many drivers. 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve made his race debut in Melbourne's first year of 1996, and became one of three men to secure pole position in his maiden Grand Prix. Other prominent names to debut in Melbourne are two-time World Champion Fernando Alonso and one-time champions Kimi Räikkönen (both in 2001) and Lewis Hamilton (2007); former Australian F1 driver, Mark Webber, also made his debut there in 2002.
As part of celebrations for the tenth running of the event at Albert Park in 2005, Webber drove his Williams F1 car over the Sydney Harbour Bridge in a promotional event, and the Melbourne city streets hosted a parade of F1 machinery and Supercars, Australia's highest-profile domestic motor sport category. For over thirty years, Supercars as they have become known, have competed in the Supercars Challenge non-championship event at the Australian Grand Prix. In 2018, the event was contested for championship points for the first time, and was known as the Melbourne 400.[19][20]
Spectator attendance since 1995[edit]
Celebrity Challenge, 2008 GP
Jenson Button, winner of the 2009, 2010 and 2012 Australian Grands Prix
Following the move of the Australian Grand Prix to Melbourne, spectator attendance peaked at a controversially estimated 401,000 in 1996, but have never reached that of the last Adelaide race in 1995.
In 2009, the global financial crisis, higher unemployment and a snap public transport strike[21] were cited by Victorian Premier John Brumby as a reason for a slight drop in crowds.[22] Attendance numbers improved in 2010 to an estimate of 305,000 – the largest since the 2005 race.
Official attendance numbers, which are inexact and have been frequently challenged as gross overestimates, have been as follows:
1995 (Adelaide) – 520,000[23] (210,000 Race Day)
1996 (Melbourne) – 401,000[citation needed]
1997 – 289,000[24]
2004 – 360,885[25] (121,500 Race Day)
2005 – 359,000[26]
2006 – 301,500[27] (103,000 Race Day)
2007 – 301,000[28] (105,000 Race Day)
2008 – 303,000[29] (108,000 Race Day)
2009 – 286,900[22]
2010 – 305,000[30] (108,500 Race Day)
2011 – 298,000[31] (111,000 Race Day)
2012 – 313,700[32] (114,900 Race Day)
2013 – 323,000[33] (103,000 Race Day)[34]
2014 – 314,900[35] (100,500 Race Day)
2015 – 296,600 (101,000 Race Day)
2016 – 272,300 (90,200 Race Day)
Sponsors[edit]
1981–1983: National Panasonic Australian Grand Prix
1984: Dunlop Tyres Australian Grand Prix
1985: Mitsubishi Australian Grand Prix
1986–1993, 2002–2006: Foster's Australian Grand Prix
1994: Sensational Adelaide Australian Grand Prix
1995: EDS Australian Grand Prix
1996: Transurban Australian Grand Prix
1997–2001, 2010–2012: Qantas Australian Grand Prix
2007–2009: ING Australian Grand Prix
2013–present: Rolex Australian Grand Prix
Winners[edit]
Multiple winners (drivers)[edit]
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
As of the 2018 edition, four times World Drivers' Champion Alain Prost from France remains the only driver to win the AGP in both World Championship and domestic formats winning the Australian Drivers' Championship 1982 race before winning in Adelaide in 1986 and 1988.
Number of wins
Driver
Years won
4
Lex Davison 1954, 1957, 1958, 1961
Michael Schumacher 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004
3
Bill Thompson 1930, 1932, 1933
Doug Whiteford 1950, 1952, 1953
Jack Brabham 1955, 1963, 1964
Graham McRae 1972, 1973, 1978
Roberto Moreno 1981, 1983, 1984
Alain Prost 1982, 1986, 1988
Jenson Button 2009, 2010, 2012
Sebastian Vettel 2011, 2017, 2018
2
Les Murphy 1935, 1937
Bruce McLaren 1962, 1965
Frank Matich 1970, 1971
Max Stewart 1974, 1975
Gerhard Berger 1987, 1992
Ayrton Senna 1991, 1993
Damon Hill 1995, 1996
David Coulthard 1997, 2003
Kimi Räikkönen 2007, 2013
Lewis Hamilton 2008, 2015
Nico Rosberg 2014, 2016
Winners by nationality[edit]
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Number of wins
Country
Years won
32
Australia 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950,
1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964,
1970, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980
16
Great Britain 1938, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2008,
2009, 2010, 2012, 2015
9
Germany 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
7
New Zealand 1948, 1962, 1965, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1978
6
Brazil 1981, 1983, 1984, 1990, 1991, 1993
4
Finland 1985, 1998, 2007, 2013
3
France 1982, 1986, 1988
2
Austria 1987, 1992
1
Belgium 1989
1
Italy 2005
1
Spain 2006
Multiple winners (constructors)[edit]
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Number of wins
Constructor
Years won
12
Ferrari 1957, 1958, 1969, 1987, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2017, 2018
McLaren 1970, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2012
6
Williams 1980, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1995, 1996
5
Cooper 1955, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965
4
Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932
MG 1935, 1937, 1939, 1947
Lola 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979
Ralt 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
3
Mercedes 2014, 2015, 2016
2
Talbot-Lago 1952, 1953
Maserati 1956, 1959
Brabham 1963, 1964
BRM 1966, 1967
Matich 1971, 1976
McRae 1973, 1978
Renault 2005, 2006
By year[edit]
Adelaide, used in Formula One from 1985–1995
Melbourne, used in Formula One since 1996
A map of all the locations of the Australian Grand Prix.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
Alain Prost is the only driver, as of the 2017 Australian Grand Prix, to win the race in both Australian domestic (1982) and World Championship (1986 and 1988) formats.
The last Australian driver to win the AGP was 1980 World Champion Alan Jones who won 1980's non-championship race.
The last Australian driver to officially finish on the podium was John Smith in 1983. Australia's only current (2017) Grand Prix driver Daniel Ricciardo had finished 2nd in the 2014 race, but was disqualified post-race.
Since becoming a round of the Formula One World Championship in 1985, Jones (1985 and 1986), David Brabham (1990 and 1994), Mark Webber (2002–2013) and Ricciardo (2014-present) are the only Australian drivers to race in the Australian Grand Prix.
Year
Driver
Constructor
Location
Report
2018
Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Albert Park Report
2017
Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Report
2016
Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
2015
Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report
2014
Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
2013
Kimi Räikkönen Lotus-Renault Report
2012
Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Report
2011
Sebastian Vettel Red Bull-Renault Report
2010
Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes Report
2009
Jenson Button Brawn-Mercedes Report
2008
Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Report
2007
Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari Report
2006
Fernando Alonso Renault Report
2005
Giancarlo Fisichella Renault Report
2004
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
2003
David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
2002
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
2001
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
2000
Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
1999
Eddie Irvine Ferrari Report
1998
Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes Report
1997
David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
1996
Damon Hill Williams-Renault Report
1995
Damon Hill Williams-Renault Adelaide Report
1994
Nigel Mansell Williams-Renault Report
1993
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Ford Report
1992
Gerhard Berger McLaren-Honda Report
1991
Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
1990
Nelson Piquet Benetton-Ford Report
1989
Thierry Boutsen Williams-Renault Report
1988
Alain Prost McLaren-Honda Report
1987
Gerhard Berger Ferrari Report
1986
Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
1985
Keke Rosberg Williams-Honda Report
1984
Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Calder Report
1983
Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Report
1982
Alain Prost Ralt-Ford Report
1981
Roberto Moreno Ralt-Ford Report
1980
Alan Jones Williams-Cosworth Report
1979
Johnnie Walker Lola-Chevrolet Wanneroo Report
1978
Graham McRae McRae-Chevrolet Sandown Report
1977
Warwick Brown Lola-Chevrolet Oran Park Report
1976
John Goss Matich-Repco/Holden Sandown Report
1975
Max Stewart Lola-Chevrolet Surfers Paradise Report
1974
Max Stewart Lola-Chevrolet Oran Park Report
1973
Graham McRae McRae-Chevrolet Sandown Report
1972
Graham McRae Leda-Chevrolet Report
1971
Frank Matich Matich-Repco/Holden Warwick Farm Report
1970
Frank Matich McLaren-Repco/Holden Report
1969
Chris Amon Ferrari Lakeside Report
1968
Jim Clark Lotus-Cosworth Sandown Report
1967
Jackie Stewart BRM Warwick Farm Report
1966
Graham Hill BRM Lakeside Report
1965
Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Longford Report
1964
Jack Brabham Brabham-Climax Sandown Report
1963
Jack Brabham Brabham-Climax Warwick Farm Report
1962
Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Caversham Report
1961
Lex Davison Cooper-Climax Mallala Report
1960
Alec Mildren Cooper-Maserati Lowood Report
1959
Stan Jones Maserati Longford Report
1958
Lex Davison Ferrari Bathurst Report
1957
Lex Davison
Bill Patterson Ferrari Caversham Report
1956
Stirling Moss Maserati Albert Park Report
1955
Jack Brabham Cooper-Bristol Port Wakefield Report
1954
Lex Davison HWM-Jaguar Southport Report
1953
Doug Whiteford Talbot-Lago Albert Park Report
1952
Doug Whiteford Talbot-Lago Bathurst Report
1951
Warwick Pratley GRS-Ford Narrogin Report
1950
Doug Whiteford Ford Nuriootpa Report
1949
John Crouch Delahaye Leyburn Report
1948
Frank Pratt * BMW Point Cook Report
1947
Bill Murray * MG Bathurst Report
1946
–
1940
Not Held
1939
Alan Tomlinson * MG Lobethal Report
1938
Peter Whitehead * ERA Bathurst Report
1937 +
Les Murphy * MG Victor Harbor Report
1936
Not Held
1935
Les Murphy * MG Phillip Island Report
1934
Bob Lea-Wright * Singer Report
1933
Bill Thompson * Riley Report
1932
Bill Thompson * Bugatti Report
1931
Carl Junker Bugatti Report
1930
Bill Thompson Bugatti Report
1929
Arthur Terdich Bugatti Report
1928 #
Arthur Waite Austin Report
* From 1932 to 1948, the winner was determined on a handicap basis.[36]
+ The 1937 event was staged as the "South Australian Centenary Grand Prix" on 26 December 1936.[37]
# The 1928 event was officially known as the "100 Miles Road Race."[38]
See also[edit]
Australia portal
Motorsport portal
Motorsport in Australia
Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit
List of Australian motor racing series
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Melbourne to host the Australian F1 Grand Prix until at least 2023". Autosport. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Bell, Ray (1986). "1928". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Medley, John (1986). "1937". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Medley, John (1986). "1937". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. pp. 92, 102. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Howard, Graham (1986). "1948". The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 126. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Motor Grand Prix Dates, The Age, Friday 26 Sep 1947, page 8, via trove.nla.gov.au Retrieved 12 April 2016
Jump up ^ Howard, Graham (1986). "1956". The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. pp. 218–226. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Howard, Graham (1986). "1955". The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 206. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Stewart (1986). "1970". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. pp. 346–348. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Stewart (1986). "1980". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. pp. 436–444. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Stewart (1986). "1983". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 466. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Stewart (1986). "1984". In Howard, Graham. The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix. Gordon, NSW: R & T Publishing. p. 484. ISBN 0-9588464-0-5.
Jump up ^ The Adelaide Review : Archives Archived 22 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Tremayne, David; Mark Hughes (2001). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One. Parragon. ISBN 0-7525-6557-5.
Jump up ^ Tremayne, David (24 May 1998). "F1 motor racing: Hakkinen's street car of desire". The Independent. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Circuit Background
Jump up ^ "Lewis Hamilton disqualified from Australian Grand Prix". London: The Guardian. 2 April 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Whyatt, Chris (29 March 2009). "Button seals dream Australia win". BBC Sport. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Howard, Tom (30 May 2017). "AGP to host Supercars championship round in 2018". Speedcafe. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Adam, Mitchell (7 December 2017). "Supercars to race for Larry Perkins Trophy at AGP". Supercars. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Rood, David; Doherty, Ben (31 March 2009). "Lowest attendance for Grand Prix". The Age. Melbourne.
^ Jump up to: a b Australia aims to keep late March date
Jump up ^ "Features – Globetrotter – Thank you Adelaide". Grandprix.com. 12 November 1995. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Touch.drive.com.au | Car Reviews | Car News | Buy New & Used Cars". Drive.com.au. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.austadiums.com/sport/results.php?sid=8
Jump up ^ 2008 FORMULA 1 ING Australian Grand Prix Archived 26 October 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Australian Stadiums :: Australian F1 GP (d4)
Jump up ^ Albert Park F1 Circuit Crowds
Jump up ^ Aust GP enjoys healthy crowds – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
Jump up ^ PaddockTalk. "2010 Australian Grand Prix Attendance: Sunday/Weekend :: PaddockTalk :: F1, Formula 1, NASCAR, IndyCar, MotoGP, ALMS, And More!". PaddockTalk. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australian F1 Grand Prix (d4)". Austadiums. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/grand-prix/right-on-track-for-a-blast-at-albert-park/story-fn7q3txe-1226303405298
Jump up ^ "Twitter / ausgrandprix: Thanks to the 323,000 fans". Twitter.com. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australian F1 GP (d4)". Austadiums. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australian F1 Grand Prix (d4)". Austadiums. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Graham Howard, After 6,201 miles and 49 races, the 50th AGP marked the end of an era, Australian Motor Racing Year, 1985/86, page 33
Jump up ^ The Official 50-race history of the Australian Grand Prix, 1986, page 82
Jump up ^ John B. Blanden, A History of Australian Grand Prix 1928–1939 (1981), page 1
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian Grand Prix.
The Australian Grand Prix official website
Australian Grand Prix Statistics
Melbourne Formula 1 Statistics
Melbourne GP Circuit on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)
A brief report on F1 GP 2016 in Albert Park, Melbourne, Australia
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Coordinates: 37°50′49″S 144°58′26″E / 37.847°S 144.974°E / -37.847; 144.974
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Grand_Prix&oldid=853822651"
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
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values: جائزة أستراليا الكبرى – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: Гран-пры Аўстраліі – Belarusian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
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values: Гран-пры Аўстраліі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
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values: Голяма награда на Австралия – Bulgarian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
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interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
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interlanguage-link interwiki-br
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interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
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interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
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interlanguage-link interwiki-da
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
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interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
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values: جایزه بزرگ استرالیا – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
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values: Grand Prix automobile d'Australie – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
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values: 오스트레일리아 그랑프리 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
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interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
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interlanguage-link interwiki-it
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interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
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interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
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interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
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values: ऑस्ट्रेलियन ग्रांप्री – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
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values: Австралийн гран-при – Mongolian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
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values: Grand Prix Formule 1 van Australië – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
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values: オーストラリアグランプリ – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
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values: Australia Grand Prix – Norwegian Nynorsk

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interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
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values: Гран-при Австралии – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
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values: Велика награда Аустралије – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
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values: Velika nagrada Australije – Serbo-Croatian

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values: Формула-1 — Гран-прі Австралії – Ukrainian

values: Giải đua ô tô Công thức 1 Úc – Vietnamese

values: 澳大利亚大奖赛 – Chinese

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