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Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
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Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jake Kasdan
Produced by
Matt Tolmach
William Teitler
Screenplay by
Chris McKenna
Erik Sommers
Scott Rosenberg
Jeff Pinkner
Story by
Chris McKenna
Based on
Jumanji
by Chris Van Allsburg
Starring
Dwayne Johnson
Jack Black
Kevin Hart
Karen Gillan
Nick Jonas
Bobby Cannavale
Music by
Henry Jackman[1]
Cinematography
Gyula Pados
Edited by
Mark Helfrich
Steve Edwards
Production
company
Columbia Pictures[2]
Matt Tolmach Productions[2]
Radar Pictures[2]
Seven Bucks Productions[2]
Distributed by
Sony Pictures Releasing[2]
Release date
December 5, 2017 (2017-12-05) (Grand Rex)
December 20, 2017 (2017-12-20) (United States)
Running time
119 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$90–150 million[4][5]
Box office
$962.3 million[6]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is a 2017 American adventure comedy film[3] directed by Jake Kasdan and written by Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Scott Rosenberg, and Jeff Pinkner, based on a story by McKenna. Part of the Jumanji franchise, the film is a sequel to the 1995 Jumanji, which was based on the 1981 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. It pays tribute to Robin Williams, the star of the first film, by mentioning his character's name.[7] In addition, a replica of the board game piece used by Williams' character also appears as a clue for the Jumanji game's new players. The film stars Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black, Kevin Hart, Karen Gillan, Nick Jonas, and Bobby Cannavale. Set twenty-one years after Jumanji, it follows four teenagers who are transported into the video game world of Jumanji and play as their chosen characters. Joining another player, they must overcome the game's magical power to win and return home.
Principal photography began in Honolulu in September 2016 and ended in Atlanta in December. Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle premiered at the Grand Rex in Paris on December 5, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 20 in RealD 3D and IMAX. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who called it a "pleasant surprise" and praised the cast.[8] It grossed over $962 million worldwide, becoming the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2017 and the 42nd-highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel is scheduled to be released on December 19, 2019.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Players
2.2 Game
2.3 Reality
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Home media
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Sequel
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1996 in Brantford, New Hampshire, teenager Alex Vreeke receives the Jumanji board game which was found by his father on a beach. Alex sets the game aside. That night, it transforms into a video game cartridge which catches Alex's attention when he is awakened by the Jumanji drums and he is transported into the game.
Twenty years later, in 2016, four Brantford High School students serve detention: Spencer Gilpin, caught writing an essay for former friend Anthony "Fridge" Johnson (also in detention); Bethany Walker, who answered a video call during an English-class quiz and Martha Kaply, who refused to participate in gym class. They are sent to the school basement to prepare magazines for recycling and to think about their future. Fridge discovers Alex's discarded video-game system when he explores the basement, and he and Spencer set up the game. Although it has five playable characters, the first one cannot be selected. Spencer and Fridge choose two characters, and the girls choose their own. When Spencer presses "Start", they are transported into the game.
They are in a jungle, in the forms of their game avatars. Spencer is tough, muscular explorer and archaeologist Smolder Bravestone; Fridge is diminutive zoologist Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, whom he chose after misreading "Mouse" as "Moose"; Bethany is a chubby male cartographer and intellectual Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon (whose nickname she mistook for a woman's), and Martha is beautiful commando and martial arts expert Ruby Roundhouse. They each have three lives; Spencer deduces that if they lose all three, they die in real life.
They learn the game's story from NPC Nigel: corrupt archeologist Russel Van Pelt stole the Jaguar's Eye (a magic jewel) from its shrine, cursing Jumanji. Nigel escaped Van Pelt with the jewel, and the players must return it to a jaguar statue and call "Jumanji" to lift the curse. Nigel warns them that Van Pelt will stop at nothing to retrieve the jewel, which gives him control of Jumanji's animals. They begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult "levels", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex (the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough). Taking shelter in a jungle house built by the game's previous player Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into a herd of white rhinoceros. Spencer uses one of Fridge's lives, pushing him out of the helicopter as a distraction, and retrieves the jewel. Alex loses his last life when a mosquito bites him, but Bethany performs CPR and transfers one of her lives to him.
At the statue, the players are surrounded by a pack of jaguars and Van Pelt's forces. They outmaneuver their opposition while Spencer and Martha race to the statue. Van Pelt confronts Martha (trapped in a pit of mambas) and demands the jewel, but she sacrifices one of her lives to re-spawn and get it to Spencer. With the players on their last lives, they end the game with Van Pelt disintegrating into a bunch of rats and return to the real world, but Alex does not appear with them. They find the formerly-dilapidated Vreeke home restored and decorated for a Christmas family gathering. An adult Alex arrives, having had returned to where he left off in 1996. Now married with children, he named his eldest daughter after Bethany out of gratitude for saving his life and introduces them to his infant son, Andy.
Spencer and Fridge reconcile, Bethany begins caring for others more than herself and plans a summer backpacking adventure, Martha and Spencer become romantically involved and the four are now friends after their experiences in the game. When they hear Jumanji's drumbeats, they bring the game behind the school and Fridge destroys it with a bowling ball (also found in detention) to prevent anyone from playing it again.
Cast[edit]
Players[edit]
Dwayne Johnson as Smolder Bravestone, an Indiana Jones-like archaeologist and explorer who is Spencer's avatar; he is the leader of his team.
Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin, a nerdy gamer at Brantford High School. Panphobic; his experience as Smolder Bravestone helps him cope with his anxiety and develop assertiveness.
Jack Black as Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon, a cartographer, cryptographer, archaeologist, and paleontologist who is Bethany's male avatar.
Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker, a pretty, popular, self-centered teenage girl at Brantford High School.
Kevin Hart as Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, a zoologist and weapons specialist who is Fridge's avatar.
Ser'Darius Blain as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, a Brantford High School football jock coasting on his athletic prowess who cares more about dating than studying.
Karen Gillan as Ruby Roundhouse, a Lara Croft-like martial artist, and dance fighter who is Martha's avatar.
Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, a shy and cynical intellectual at Brantford High School who believes that physical education is needless and who dislikes popular peers like Bethany and Fridge.
Nick Jonas as Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar.[9]
Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who was trapped inside the Jumanji video game for two decades.
Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears two decades later.
Game[edit]
Bobby Cannavale as Russel Van Pelt, an archeologist-turned-mercenary and an enemy of Smolder Bravestone. He tries to retrieve the Jaguar's Eye, whose power possesses him.
Rhys Darby as Nigel Billingsley, the main guide.
William Tokarsky as a food vendor.
Rohan Chand as a young guide at the bazaar.
Reality[edit]
Marc Evan Jackson as Principal Bentley, who makes Spencer, Bethany, Fridge, and Martha clean up the basement as part of their detention.
Carlease Burke as Miss Mathers, Spencer and Fridge's U.S. History teacher.
Sean Buxton as Mr. Vreeke, Alex's father who discovered the Jumanji game.
Tim Matheson (uncredited) as Old Man Vreeke. His narration at the beginning of the film implies that seeing his son teleported into the game had traumatized him. After Alex's return to him, he is a happy family man and close to his son and grandchildren.
Maribeth Monroe as Bethany's English teacher.
Missi Pyle as Coach Webb; Martha, Spencer and Bethany's gym teacher.
Kat Altman as Lucinda, Bethany's friend.
Marin Hinkle as Mrs. Gilpin, Spencer's mother.
Tracey Bonner as Mrs. Johnson, Fridge's mother.
Natasha Charles Parker as Mrs. Walker, Bethany's mother.
Michael Shacket as Fussfeld, a friend of Spencer at Brantford High School who is infatuated with Bethany.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In July 2012, rumors circulated that a remake of Jumanji was in development. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said: "We're going to try and reimagine Jumanji and update it for the present."[10] On August 1, 2012, it was confirmed that Matthew Tolmach would produce the new version with William Teitler (who produced the original film).[11]
In August 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that the film was scheduled for release on December 25, 2016.[12] Online reception to the news was negative, with some saying that the announcement came too soon after the August 2014 death of Robin Williams (who played Alan Parrish in the original film).[13][14] The announcement was criticized by Bradley Pierce (who played Peter Shepherd in Jumanji) and by E! News, which called the remake "unnecessary and kind of insulting".[15][16] On October 23, 2015, Scott Rosenberg was hired to rewrite the script for the film, whose production was a high priority for the studio.[17] On January 14, 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Jake Kasdan had been hired to direct the film from a script by Rosenberg and Jeff Pinkner based on a draft by original writers Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.[18]
On April 15, Variety reported that Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart were in early talks to star in the film (although both actors had other projects).[19] Later in the month, Johnson confirmed his casting on Instagram.[20] In July, it was reported that Nick Jonas had joined the film's cast with Johnson, Hart, and Jack Black.[21] The following month, Johnson said that the film would not be a reboot but a continuation of the 1995 film;[22] Karen Gillan was announced as part of the cast.[23] On September 20, Ser'Darius Blain was cast as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson and Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker. Two days later, Rhys Darby was cast as Nigel Billingsley, Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, and Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin.[24][25][26] In November 2016, Bobby Cannavale announced his casting in the film,[27] and in December 2016, Tim Matheson joined the cast as Old Man Vreeke.[28] Although James Newton Howard was originally signed to compose the film's score,[29] he was replaced by Henry Jackman when the film's release date was postponed six months.[1]
In March 2017, during CinemaCon, it was announced that the film's complete title was Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Its plot involved teenagers cleaning out a school's basement who find a vintage video-game version of Jumanji and are sucked into the first film's jungle setting. Although fans debated whether the film was a sequel or a reboot, the second trailer (released on September 20, 2017) indicated that the sequel is set 21 years after the first.
Filming[edit]
Principal photography began on September 19, 2016, in Honolulu, Hawaii,[19][30] primarily at the Kualoa Ranch nature reserve.[31] The film wrapped on December 8 in Atlanta, Georgia.[32]
Release[edit]
In August 2015, Sony gave the film a release date of December 25, 2016.[33] Since filming did not begin until September 2016, the release was pushed back to July 28 and then to December 20, 2017.[2]
On November 29, 2017, it was announced that Amazon Prime members in the United States would have early access to tickets for a December 8 screening of the film at select Regal, National Amusements, ArcLight Cinemas and AMC theaters.[34] The screenings sold out at 1,200 theaters and earned $1.9 million.[35] The film was released on IMAX 2D on January 12, 2018.
Home media[edit]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle was released on Digital HD on March 6, 2018 and on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 20, although the film was still in theatres. The Blu-ray and digital versions include two additional featurettes: "Surviving the Jungle: Spectacular Stunts!" and "Book to Board Game to Big Screen & Beyond! Celebrating The Legacy of Jumanji."[36]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle grossed $404.5 million in the United States and Canada and $557.7 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $962.2 million.[6] On April 10, 2018, the film passed Spider-Man ($403.7 million) to become Sony's highest-grossing film domestically. Deadline Hollywood calculated its net profit as $305.7 million when factoring all expenses and revenues, making it 2017's fourth-most-profitable release.[37]
In the U.S. and Canada, the film was released on December 20, 2017 with The Greatest Showman and was projected to gross about $60 million from 3,765 theaters in its six-day opening weekend; the studio predicted a $45 million debut.[38][39] It earned $7.2 million on its first day and $7.6 million on its second day. Over the three-day weekend, the film grossed $36.2 million (for a six-day total of $71.9 million), finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[4] Its weekend-only earnings increased to $50.1 million during its second weekend, again finishing in second place at the box office.[40] The 38.4-percent weekend-to-weekend increase was the fourth-largest for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters; The Greatest Showman set the record for best hold the same weekend.[41][42] The film passed Star Wars: The Last Jedi for the top spot the following weekend, declining 28.1 percent to $36 million,[43] and finished first again the following week with $28.1 million (and a total of $35.2 million over the four-day MLK weekend).[44] Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle remained atop the box office for its third weekend, earning $19.5 million.[45]
It again topped the box office for a fourth consecutive week (its sixth week overall in theatres) with $20 million, easily surpassing new releases 12 Strong and Den of Thieves (both films finished their entire run with box office lower than Jumanji: Welcome... grossed in its first 10 days).[46] The film continued to do well the following week, dropping 16 percent (to $16.4 million) and finishing second to Maze Runner: The Death Cure,[47] before regaining the top spot for a fifth time the following weekend with $11.1 million.[48]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 189 reviews (143 fresh and 46 rotten), and an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle uses a charming cast and a humorous twist to offer an undemanding yet solidly entertaining update on its source material."[49] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a normalized score of 58 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[50] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 84% overall positive score.[4]
Dave White of TheWrap praised the cast and called the film a pleasant surprise: "Jumanji: Welcome to The Jungle is the Christmas tentpole release that aims to please and succeeds, a funny family entertainment product that subverts more expectations than it was obligated to contractually".[51] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C grade, calling it unnecessary but mildly amusing: "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is further proof that even the stalest whiff of brand recognition has become preferable to originality. Only part of the blame for that belongs to the studios but after cannibalizing themselves for much of the last 20 years, Hollywood has clearly eaten their way down to the crumbs".[52] For Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Excitement! Suspense! Childlike innocence! Ingeniously staged action set pieces! These are a few of the things you will not find, anywhere, in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ... It's supposed to be a board game come to life but really, it's just a bored game."[53]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Kids Choice Awards March 2018 Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Won [54]
Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Actor Dwayne Johnson Won
Kevin Hart Nominated
MTV Movie & TV Awards June 16, 2018 Best Comedic Performance Jack Black Nominated
Best On-Screen Team Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart, Jack Black, Karen Gillan and Nick Jonas Nominated
Saturn Awards June 27, 2018 Best Fantasy Film Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Nominated [55]
Teen Choice Awards August 12, 2018 Choice Comedy Movie Pending [citation needed]
Choice Comedy Movie Actress Karen Gillan
Choice Comedy Movie Actor Dwayne Johnson
Jack Black
Kevin Hart
Sequel[edit]
Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Nick Jonas discussed Jumanji 3's plot in interviews, including the possibility of the film's exploring the origins of the game. According to Karen Gillan, the alternate ending of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle would have left the door open for another installment.[56][57][58][59] In February 2018, it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black and Gillan reprising their roles.[60] The film is slated to be released December 13, 2019.[61]
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Jump up ^ Evangelista, Chris (December 27, 2017). "The 'Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle' Cast Have 'Jumanji 3' Ideas, Plus an Alternate Ending for the New Sequel". /Film. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (February 6, 2018). "Scott Rosenberg & Jeff Pinkner To Write 'Jumanji: Welcome To The Jungle' Sequel". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (April 24, 2018). "Dwayne Johnson's Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle sequel drops first teaser as US release date is confirmed". Digital Spy.
External links[edit]
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Large denominations of United States currency
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Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview and history
2 Public versus institutional use
3 Passive retirement
4 High-denomination(HD)banknote issuing data
5 High-denomination United States banknotes
6 See also
7 References
7.1 Footnotes
7.2 Notes
7.3 Bibliography
8 External links
Overview and history[edit]
Large-denomination currency (i.e., banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher)[1] had been used in the United States since the late 18th century.[2] The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina, authorized by legislation dated May 10, 1780.[3] Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes on October 16, 1780[4] and $2,000 notes on May 7, 1781.[5] High-denomination treasury notes were issued, for example during the War of 1812 ($1,000 notes authorized by an act dated June 30, 1812).[6] During the American Civil War Confederate currency included $500 and $1,000 notes.[7] During the Federal banknote issuing period (1861 to present), the earliest high-denomination notes included three-year Interest-bearing notes of $500, $1,000, and $5,000, authorized by Congress on July 17, 1861.[8] In total, 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high-denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates. The obverse of United States banknotes generally depict either historical figures, allegorical figures symbolizing significant concepts (e.g., liberty, justice), or a combination of both. The reverse designs range from abstract scroll-work with ornate denomination identifiers to reproductions of historical art works.
Public versus institutional use[edit]
Series 1934 gold certificates ($100, $1,000, $10,000 and $100,000) were issued after the gold standard was repealed and gold was compulsorily confiscated by order of President Franklin Roosevelt on March 9, 1933 (see United States Executive Order 6102). Thus the series 1934 notes were used only for intragovernmental (i.e., Federal Reserve Bank) transactions and were not issued to the public. This series was discontinued in 1940. The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green. See history of the United States dollar.
Passive retirement[edit]
Although they are still legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System,[9] due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.[nb 1]
The Federal Reserve began taking high-denomination currency out of circulation (destroying large bills received by banks) in 1969. As of May 30, 2009[update], only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist; 342 remaining $5,000 bills; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills.[10] Due to their rarity, collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them. Some are in museums in other parts of the world.
For the most part, these bills were used by banks and the Federal government for large financial transactions. This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934. However, for the most part, the introduction of an electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete. When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money laundering, it is unlikely that the U.S. government will re-issue large denomination currency in the near future, despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 (a $500 bill is now worth less, in real terms, than a $100 bill was worth in 1969). According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website, "The present denominations of our currency in production are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal. Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today."[11]
High-denomination(HD)banknote issuing data[edit]
Key to high denomination banknote type abbreviations[nb 2]
Abbr
Type
Size[nb 3]
Series dates
High denomination series date
Comments
$500
$1,000
$5,000
$10,000
$100,000
LT
Legal tender Large 1862–1923 1862
1863
1869
1874
1875
1878
1880 1862
1863
1869
1878
1880 1878 1878 – [nb 4]
CITN
Compound interest treasury note Exception 1863–1864 1863
1864 1864 – – –
IBN
Interest bearing note Exception 1861–1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 1861
1863
1864
1865 – – [nb 5]
SC
Silver certificate Large 1878–1923 1878
1880 1878
1880
1891 – – –
TN
Treasury note Large 1890–1891 1891[nb 6] 1890
1891 – – –
NBN
National bank note Large 1865–1875 1865
1875 1865
1875 – – –
FRN
Federal reserve note Large 1914–1918 1918 1918 1918 1918 –
NGBN
National gold bank note Large 1870–1883 1870[nb 7] –[nb 8] – – – [nb 9]
GC
Gold certificate Large[nb 10] 1865–1922 1865
1870
1875
1882
1922 1865
1870
1875
1882
1907
1922 1865
1870
1882
1888 1865
1870
1875
1882
1888
1900 –
FRN
Federal reserve note Small 1928–present 1928
1934 1928
1934 1928
1934 1928
1934 –
GC
Gold certificate Small 1928–1934[nb 11] 1928 1928
1934 1928 1928
1934 1934
High-denomination United States banknotes[edit]
The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains (among other things) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency. Using a combination of proofs and issued notes, a nearly complete type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) pre-dates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. Currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives.
High denomination United States banknotes[nb 12]
Value
Type
Series
Fr.
Image
Portrait/engraving[nb 13]
Comments[nb 14]
000500$500
LT 1862–63 Fr.183c Gallatin-AlbertAlbert Gallatin 4 known (variety)
7 known (type)[18]
000500$500
LT 1869 Fr.184 Adams-John-QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
(Charles Burt)[19]
Justice
(Stephen A. Schoff)[20] 4 known (only one privately)[21]
000500$500
LT 1874–78 Fr.185b Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[19]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[22]
000500$500
LT 1880 Fr.185l Mansfield-JosephJoseph Mansfield
(Charles Burt)[19]
Victory
(Charles Burt)[22] 5 known (variety)[nb 15]
000500$500
CITN 1864 Fr.194a
Proof zStandard Bearer-New IronsidesStandard Bearer (left)
(George D. Baldwin)[24]
New Ironsides (right)
(James Smillie)[25] Unknown[26]
000500$500
SC 1878 Fr.345a Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[19] Unique (variety and type)[27]
000500$500
SC 1880 Fr.345c Sumner-CharlesCharles Sumner
(Charles Burt)[19] 5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[27]
000500$500
TN 1891 Fr.379
Proof Sherman-WilliamWilliam Tecumseh Sherman None issued[28]
000500$500
NBN 1865–75 Fr.464 zCivilization-Sirius-BurgoyneCivilization (left)
(James D. Smillie)[29]
Sirius arriving in New York (right)
Surrender of General Burgoyne (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[30] 2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[31]
000500$500
FRN 1918 Fr.1132d Marshall-JohnJohn Marshall
(Charles Schlecht)[32]
de Soto discovering the Mississippi (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[30]
000500$500
GC 1863 Fr.1166d
Proof zEagle-shieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[33] Unknown[34]
000500$500
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166i Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[19] Unique[34]
000500$500
GC 1882–1922 Fr.1216a Lincoln-AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
(Charles Burt)[19]
000500$500
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2200g McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[35]
000500$500
GC 1928 Fr.2407 McKinley-WilliamWilliam McKinley
(John Eissler)[35]
001000$1,000
LT 1862–63 Fr.186e Morris-RobertRobert Morris
(Charles Schlecht)[32] Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[36]
001000$1,000
LT 1869 Fr.186f
Proof Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton 2 known[37]
001000$1,000
LT 1878 Fr.187a Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[38]
001000$1,000
LT 1880 Fr.187k Clinton-DeWittDeWitt Clinton
Columbus in his study
(Henry Gugler)[38] 4 known (variety)
~20–25 known (type)[nb 16]
001000$1,000
IBN 1863 Fr.201
Proof zJustice-LibertyJustice (left); Liberty (right) Unknown[39]
001000$1,000
IBN 1863 Fr.206
Proof zShipsGuerriere and the Constitution (left) and Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto (right) Unknown[40]
001000$1,000
SC 1878 Fr.346a
Proof Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[32] Unknown[41]
001000$1,000
SC 1880 Fr.346d Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[32] 5 known (variety)
5 known (type)[41]
001000$1,000
SC 1891 Fr.346e Marcy-WilliamWilliam Marcy
(Charles Schlecht)[32]
Liberty
(Charles Burt)[42] 2 known[41]
001000$1,000
TN 1890 Fr.379a Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[19] 5 known (variety)
7 known (type)[43]
001000$1,000
TN 1891 Fr.379c Meade-GeorgeGeorge Meade
(Charles Burt)[19] 2 known (variety)
3 known (type)[43]
001000$1,000
NBN 1865–75 Fr.465
Proof zScott-Winfield-Washington-GeorgeScott entering City of Mexico (left)
(Alfred Jones)[44]
United States Capitol (right)
(James Smillie)[25]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Frederick Girsch)[30] Unknown[45]
001000$1,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1133d Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[46]
Eagle (rev)
(Marcus W. Baldwin)[47]
001000$1,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166e
Proof zEagle-shield-Justice-scalesEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[33]
Justice with scales Unique[34]
001000$1,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166o
Proof Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(Charles Burt)[48] Unique[34]
001000$1,000
GC 1882 Fr.1218g Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
(G.F.C. Smillie)[46]
001000$1,000
GC 1907–22 Fr.1219 Hamilton-AlexanderAlexander Hamilton
001000$1,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2210g Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[35]
001000$1,000
GC 1928 Fr.2408 Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[35]
001000$1,000
GC 1934 Fr.2409 Cleveland-GroverGrover Cleveland
(John Eissler)[35]
005000$5,000
LT 1878 Fr.188
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[49]
Eagle
(William Chorlton)[50] All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[14]
005000$5,000
IBN 1863 Fr.202
Proof zAltar-of-LibertyThe Altar of Liberty
(Louis Delnoce)[51] Unknown[39]
005000$5,000
IBN 1865 Fr.212h
Proof zJustice-New IronsidesJustice (left)
New Ironsides (center)
(James Smillie)[25]
005000$5,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1134d Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[52]
Washington resigning his commission (rev)
(Louis Delnoce)[51] Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 17]
005000$5,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166f
Proof zEagle-Shield-FemaleEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[33]
Female Unique[34]
005000$5,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166k
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[48] Unknown[34]
005000$5,000
GC 1882 Fr.1221a
Proof Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[54] Two known[34]
005000$5,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2220g Madison-JamesJames Madison
(Alfred Sealey)[54]
005000$5,000
GC 1928 Fr.2410 Madison-JamesJames Madison
010000$10,000
LT 1878 Fr.189
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[55] All notes have been redeemed, none outstanding[14]
010000$10,000
FRN 1918 Fr.1135d Chase-SalmonSalmon Chase; Embarkation of the Pilgrims (rev) Unique (variety)
5 known (type)[nb 18]
010000$10,000
GC 1863 Fr.1166g
Proof zEagle-ShieldEagle with shield or E Pluribus Unum
(Charles Skinner)[33] Unknown[34]
010000$10,000
GC 1870–75 Fr.1166l
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson Unique[34]
010000$10,000
GC 1882 Fr.1223a
Proof Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[54] Two known[34]
010000$10,000
GC 1900 Fr.1225 Jackson-AndrewAndrew Jackson
(Alfred Sealey)[54]
010000$10,000
FRN 1928–34 Fr.2230b Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
010000$10,000
GC 1928 Fr.2411 Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
010000$10,000
GC 1934 Fr.2412 Chase-SalmonSalmon P. Chase
100000$100,000
GC 1934 Fr.2413 Wilson-WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
(G.F.C. Smillie)[46]
Reverse
(Frederick Pauling)[56]
See also[edit]
Numismatics portal
Currency of the United States
Gold certificate
Fake denominations
Silver certificate (United States)
Silver standard
Treasury Note (1890–91)
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ One hundred $10,000 bills were on display for many years by Benny Binion at Binion's Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they were encased in acrylic. The display has since been dismantled and the bills sold to private collectors.
Jump up ^ The following types of United States banknotes were not issued in high denominations and are not included in the list below: Demand notes, Federal Reserve bank notes (large or small size), legal tender (small size), silver certificates (small size), National Bank Notes (small size)[12] The table sections are sorted by their appearance in the Friedberg reference book.
Jump up ^ Large size notes represent the earlier types or series of U.S. banknotes. Their "average" dimension is 7 3⁄8 × 3 1⁄8 inches (187 × 79 mm). Small size notes (described as such due to their size relative to the earlier large size notes) are an "average" 6 1⁄8 × 2 5⁄8 (156 × 67 mm), the size of modern U.S. currency. "Each measurement is ± 0.08 inches (2 mm) to account for margins and cutting".[13] Exceptions to the large versus small categories are the CITN, IBN, and RC, all slightly larger than the large size note dimensions.
Jump up ^ All Series 1878 $5,000 and $10,000 notes have been redeemed.[14]
Jump up ^ Issued HD IBN are virtually unknown. There may be one $500 and 2–3 $1,000 known from all issue dates.[15]
Jump up ^ A $500 Series 1891 Treasury Note was authorized and a certified proof was prepared, but the note was never issued.[16]
Jump up ^ Three banks issued $500 NBGN. None are reported, only four notes have not been redeemed.
Jump up ^ The Kidder National Gold Bank of Boston received two-note $500–$1,000 sheets from the Treasury. The bank returned the shipment intact.
Jump up ^ No issued notes or proofs exist of either $500 or $1,000 NGBN
Jump up ^ Despite the authorizing act date of 3 March 1863, Gold certificates were not issued until 1865.[17]
Jump up ^ Series 1934 Gold certificates were never intended for public circulation.
Jump up ^ The table is sorted by denomination and then by Friedberg number.
Jump up ^ When the information is available, the engraver's name has been added in parentheses. Column sorting is based on the individual depicted in the portrait.
Jump up ^ Variety is the Friedberg number, or specific combination of signatures and seal type; type represents all the varieties that exist for a given denomination and design, it is the total number of note known for the entire design type.
Jump up ^ Of the 5 known notes, 4 are in institutional collections.[23]
Jump up ^ Of the 4 known notes, 2 are in institutional collections.[23]
Jump up ^ None exist outside of institutional collections.[53]
Jump up ^ None exist outside of institutional collections.[53]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, pp. 232–35.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 22.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 326.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 454.
Jump up ^ Newman, 2008, p. 455.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Fricke, 2014, p. 122 & 124.
Jump up ^ United States Congress. Act of July, 17 1861 Chapter Ⅴ. Washington D.C.: 1861
Jump up ^ "Large denominations". Bureau of Engraving and Printing/Treasury Website. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Palmer, Brian (July 24, 2009). "Somebody Call Officer Crumb!: How much cash can a corrupt politician cram into a cereal box?". Slate.com. Retrieved July 24, 2012. As to "cereal boxes" as a repository for ill-gotten bribes compare "Little Tin Box" in the musical Fiorello!.
Jump up ^ our Treasury – FAQs: Denominations of Currency.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, generally.
Jump up ^ Friedberg, p. 7.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 58.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 72.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 91.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 164.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 54.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Hessler, 1993, pp. 71–73.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 36.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 2004, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b "Heritage Auctions (#3521) 2013 January 9–14 FUN Signature Auction". HA.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 286.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 61.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 89.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 97.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 290.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 137.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 109.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hessler, 1993, p. 265.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hessler, 2004, p. 216.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 165.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hessler, 1993, p. 114.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 56.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 57.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 1993, p. 145.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 64.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 66.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, pp. 89–90.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 95.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 98.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 180.
Jump up ^ Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 110.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hessler, 1993, p. 280.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 40.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 2004, p. 219.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 39
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 83.
^ Jump up to: a b Hessler, 1993, p. 99.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 200.
^ Jump up to: a b Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 159.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hessler, 2004, p. 223.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 2004, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Hessler, 1993, p. 237.
Bibliography[edit]
Fricke, Pierre (2014). Collecting Confederate Paper Money. Pierre Fricke. ISBN 978-0-9844534-9-8.
Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2013). Paper Money of the United States: A Complete Illustrated Guide With Valuations (20th ed.). Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN 978-0-87184-520-7. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Hessler, Gene (1993). The Engraver's Line – An Encyclopedia of Paper Money & Postage Stamp Art. BNR Press. ISBN 0-931960-36-3.
Hessler, Gene (2004). U.S. Essay, Proof and Specimen Notes (2 ed.). BNR Press. ISBN 0-931960-62-2.
Huntoon, Peter W. (1995). United States Large Size National Bank Notes. Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc. ISBN 0-9648774-1-4.
Newman, Eric P. (2008). The Early Paper Money of America (5 ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-89689-326-X.
Schwartz, John; Lindquist, Scott (2011). Standard Guide to Small-Size U.S. Paper Money – 1928 to Date. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-1703-6. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
External links[edit]
Media related to Money of the United States by denomination at Wikimedia Commons
Large Denominations from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing
U.S. Department of the Treasury
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values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1862–63, Fr.183c, depicting Albert Gallatin.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1869, Fr.184, depicting John Quincy Adams.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1874–78, Fr.185b, depicting Joseph Mansfield.

values: $500 Legal Tender note, Series 1880, Fr.185l, depicting Joseph Mansfield.

values: $500 Compound Interest Treasury Note, Series 1864, Fr.194a, depicting a soldier and a ship.

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values: $500 Treasury note (1890–91) proof, Series 1891, unreported Friedberg number, depicting William Tecumseh Sherman.

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values: $1,000 Legal Tender note, Series 1880, Fr.187k, depicting DeWitt Clinton.

values: $1,000 Interest Bearing Note, Series 1863, Fr.201, depicting vignettes of Justice and Liberty.

values: $1,000 Interest Bearing Note, Series 1863, Fr.206, depicting ships at battle and conquistadors.

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values: $1000 Silver Certificate, Series 1880, Fr.346d, depicting William Marcy

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values: $1,000 National Bank Note proof, Series 1875, Fr.465, vignette depicting (obv) Scott's entrance into Mexico City (rev) Washington surrendering his commission.

values: File:BEP-JONES-Scott Entering City of Mexico.jpg

values: File:BEP-DELNOCE & GIRSCH-Washington Resigning his Commission (Trumbull).jpg

values: $1,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1918, Fr.1133d, depicting Alexander Hamilton.

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166e, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left) and justice (bottom center).

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate proof, Series 1875, Fr.1166j, depicting Alexander Hamilton

values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1882, Fr.1218g, depicting Alexander Hamilton

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values: $1,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2409, depicting Grover Cleveland.

values: $5,000 Legal Tender note proof, Series 1878, Fr.188, depicting James Madison.

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values: File:BEP-DELNOCE-The Altar of Liberty.jpg

values: $5,000 Interest Bearing Note proof, Series 1865, Fr.212h, vignettes depicting justice (left) and the ship New Ironsides (center).

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values: $5,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2220g, depicting James Madison.

values: $5,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2410, depicting James Madison.

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values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1865, Fr.1166g, with a vignette of an eagle and shield (left) and justice (bottom center).

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values: $10,000 Federal Reserve Note, Series 1928, Fr.2230b, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1928, Fr.2411, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $10,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2412, depicting Salmon P. Chase.

values: $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934, Fr.2413, depicting Woodrow Wilson.

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Nose piercing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about nose piercings of humans. For nose piercings of other animals, see Nose ring (animal).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Nose piercing
Nicknames
Nostril, nose ring
Location
Nose (nostril, nasal septum, nose bridge)
Jewelry
nose stud, nose bone, Circular barbell, curved barbell, captive bead ring
Healing
3 to 6 months
Nose piercing is the piercing of the skin or cartilage which forms any part of the nose, normally for the purpose of wearing jewelry, called a nose-jewel. Among the different varieties of nose piercings, the nostril piercing is the most common. Nose piercing is the second most common variety of piercing after earlobe piercing.[citation needed]
Contents
1 Nostril piercing
2 Septum piercing
2.1 Risks
3 Bridge piercing
4 Social acceptability of nose piercing
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Nostril piercing[edit]
Early 20th century Indian nose ring
Nostril piercing is a body piercing practice for the purpose of wearing jewelry, much like nose piercing, which is most primarily and prominently associated with Indian culture and fashion since classical times, and found commonly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal , Philippines and throughout South and even Southeast Asia. Nostril piercing is also part of traditional Australian Aboriginal culture.[1] and the culture of the Ilocano, a Muslim tribe in the Philippines. With the diffusion, exposure and spread of Indian fashion and culture, nostril piercing has in recent decades become popular in the wider world, as have other forms of body piercing, after punks and subsequent youth cultures in the '80s and '90s adopted this sort of piercing. Today, nostril piercing is popular in the wider world including South America, United States of America, Canada, the Caribbean, Australia, Africa, Japan and Europe, with piercings being performed on either the left or right nostril.
Historically in the Indian Subcontinent, nose piercings are done by women only. However the spread of this fashion has resulted in both men and women having nostril piercings in the wider world. Several different types of nostril rings are found. Among the most popular are the loop, the stud with an L-bar closure, the stud with a ball closure, and the stud with a flat backing.
In India the outside of the left part of the body [?] is the preferred position of the piercing. This is followed by some orthodox folk also because Ayurvedic medicine associates this location with the female reproductive organs.[2] In India, like any other jewelry, piercings and the jewelry are regarded as a mark of beauty and social standing as well as a Hindu's honor to Parvati, the goddess of marriage. Nose piercing is still popular in India and the subcontinent. The piercings are often an integral part of Indian wedding jewelry. In Maharashtra women wear very large intricate nose pieces that often cover the mouth or the side of the face.
It is very common in Bengali women. Many South Indian Tamil also follow this old tradition. Numerous traditions are associated with it. Many women from the Asian subcontinent are cremated with just their nose studs as jewelry is removed before the funeral. Indian widows usually remove their nose studs as a sign of respect. Nose piercing has historically been strictly forbidden among many families of Kashmiris belonging to Butt, Dar, Lone and Mir castes settled in Pakistan as their ancestors associated nose piercing with people of menial descent in ancient Kashmiri society.
Septum piercing[edit]
Large-gauge septum piercing
Fulani woman with traditional nose ring and mouth tattoo
The nasal septum is the cartilaginous dividing wall between the nostrils. Generally, the cartilage itself is not pierced, but rather the small gap between the cartilage and the bottom of the nose (sometimes called the "sweet spot"), typically at 14ga (1.6 mm) although it is often stretched to a larger gauge (size). This piercing heals within a month and a half to three months also depending on the individual. It should only be stretched by 1mm at a time, and waiting at least a month between stretches is advisable.[citation needed] If a certain point is exceeded, usually about 8mm, the cartilage gets forced towards the top of the nose, which can be uncomfortable.
Many types of jewelry generally are worn in a septum piercing, such as: Captive bead rings (CBRs), rings that close with a bead held in the center by the tension of the ring, circular barbells (as shown in the picture), a circular bar with a bead that screws onto either end, a "tusk" that is a straight or shaped piece of material generally tapered on either end, or pinchers. For large gauge septums, many individuals choose to wear plugs, as the plugs do not weigh their noses down, which is helpful in healing. This measure allows the piercing not to be damaged by the sudden movement of the jewelry.
Another option is a septum retainer, which is staple-shaped. This type of nose piercing is particularly easy to hide when desired, for example to comply with a dress code. A septum retainer makes possible turning the jewelry up into the nose, thus concealing it. With black jewelry flipped up into the nostrils, this piercing can be made practically invisible. A circular barbell can also be hidden by pushing it to the back into the nose, but it may be uncomfortable.
Septum piercing is a popular trend among South Indian dancers (Kuchipudi, Bharatnatyam) and among certain Native American peoples in history; the Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, for example, had such piercings.[citation needed]
The septum piercing is popular in countrysides of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. In India such piercing is called the 'Nathori' and popular with the Banjara ethnic groups and Adivasi tribes. Lord Krishna and his consort Radharani are often depicted wearing the 'Nathori' style jewel nose pieces.[3]
Bengali women traditionally would wear the nathori as a sign of being a married woman. The nathori would be gold with a tear drop that would move along the ring. Many lower-class women in rural Bengal still keep this tradition. This practice is now declining as many women prefer the nose studs.
In southern Nepal the septum piercing is still common. Many older women still adorn their noses with both the septum and left nostril rings. Many women have gold nose piercings to show their social, tribal, and religious status in society.

Risks[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The septum or nasal septum is the cartilaginous wall that divides the two nostrils. The cartilage is, however, usually not pierced. It is the thin strip of very soft and flexible skin, just between the cartilage and the bottom of the nose, where septum piercing is mostly done. Piercing the skin instead of the cartilage can greatly minimize the pain, as well as other discomforts associated with this type of body piercing. This piercing should be done only with a needle. As far as jewelry is concerned, captive bead rings, circular barbells, plugs, tusks, curls, and septum retainer can be used. Some Nose Ring Metals Are Safe and Some Cause Allergies or Sensitivity[4] You can also get bacteria through swimming pools, bodies of water and baths.[5]
All types of body piercings, including septum piercing, are associated with the risk of contracting certain blood borne diseases, like hepatitis, from the needles and piercing guns used in the procedure. This risk can be reduced by getting the piercing done by a reputed piercer and making sure that the piercer uses only sterile single-use needles. The next common risk associated with almost all types of piercing is the risk of infection and pain. These issues can be minimized greatly if piercing is done on the soft and flexible skin that lies between the cartilage and bottom of the nose. As far as infection risks are concerned, they can be managed with proper piercing aftercare.
This piercing can sometimes lead to 'septal hematoma' -- an injury to the soft tissue within the septum that can disrupt the blood vessels to cause the accumulation of blood and fluid under the lining. Nasal septum hematoma can eventually cause nasal congestion and interfere with breathing along with causing pain and inflammation. If not treated immediately, the condition can ultimately cause formation of a hole in the septum, leading to nasal congestion. Sometimes, that part of the nose may collapse, resulting in a cosmetic deformity, known as 'saddle nose'.[citation needed]
Bridge piercing[edit]
Main article: Bridge piercing
Bridge piercing
Bridge piercings are inserted through the skin at the top of the nose, between the eyes. Curved barbells and straight barbells are the most commonly used in this piercing, while seamless rings are less common. Getting a bridge piercing done is pretty much the same as any other piercing. A bridge piercing is put on the thinness of the skin around the nasal area, it would most likely be done with a small gauge piercing needle. [6] The gauge of the piercing is determined by the piercer based on how much tissue there is available.[7]
Social acceptability of nose piercing[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
More and more companies in the workplace have become more lenient on such issues as piercings and the dress code. [8]
The acceptance of more visible body modifications is attributable to its becoming a social norm. If companies did not hire employees with a tattoo or nose piercing, the number of future workers that the companies could hire would be limited.[9]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nose piercings.
Body piercing
Nose-jewel
Nose ring (animals)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ (Stirn 2003)
Jump up ^ Morris, Desmond (2004). "The Nose". The Naked Woman. p. 69. ISBN 9780099453581.
Jump up ^ "Septum Piercing Dangers". Retrieved 17 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Del Rosario, Sivy. "17 Things I Wish I'd Known Before I Got My Nose Pierced".
Jump up ^ Del Rosario, Sivy. "Bacteria Through Swimming Pools, Bodies Of Water And Baths".
Jump up ^ Del Rosario, Sivy. "How do I get my bridge piercing".
Jump up ^ "Your Guide to Getting a Bridge Piercing". LiveAbout. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
Jump up ^ Joyce, Amy. "Fashion Leads by a Nose." The Washington Post. (2013) Website.
Jump up ^ Dobosh, Sara. "Piercing the Workplace Stereotype." Fox Business. (2010) Website.
References[edit]
Stirn, A. (2003). Body Piercing: Medical Consequences and Psychological Motivations. The Lancet 361: 1205–1215.
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