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Nondisjunction
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. There are three forms of nondisjunction: failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II, and failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis.[1][2][3] Nondisjunction results in daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).
Calvin Bridges and Thomas Hunt Morgan are credited with discovering nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster sex chromosomes in the spring of 1910, while working in the Zoological Laboratory of Columbia University.[4]
1. Meiosis I 2. Meiosis II 3. Fertilization 4. Zygote The left image at the blue arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis II. The right image at the green arrow is nondisjunction taking place during meiosis I. Nondisjunction is when chromosomes fail to separate normally resulting in a gain or loss of chromosomes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Types
1.1 Meiosis II
1.2 Mitosis
2 Molecular mechanisms
2.1 Central role of the spindle assembly checkpoint
2.2 Sex-specific differences in meiosis
2.3 Age-related loss of cohesin ties
3 Consequences
3.1 Monosomy
3.1.1 Turner syndrome (X monosomy) (45, X0)
3.2 Autosomal trisomy
3.2.1 Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
3.2.2 Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
3.3 Sex chromosome aneuploidy
3.3.1 Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY)
3.3.2 XYY Male (47, XYY)
3.3.3 Trisomy X (47,XXX)
3.4 Uniparental disomy
3.5 Mosaicism syndromes
3.6 Mosaicism in malignant transformation
4 Diagnosis
4.1 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
4.2 Karyotyping
4.3 Polar body diagnosis
4.4 Blastomere biopsy
5 Lifestyle/environmental hazards
6 References
Types[edit]
In general, nondisjunction can occur in any form of cell division that involves ordered distribution of chromosomal material. Higher animals have three distinct forms of such cell divisions: Meiosis I and meiosis II are specialized forms of cell division occurring during generation of gametes (eggs and sperm) for sexual reproduction, mitosis is the form of cell division used by all other cells of the body.
Meiosis II[edit]
Ovulated eggs become arrested in metaphase II until fertilization triggers the second meiotic division.[5] Similar to the segregation events of mitosis, the pairs of sister chromatids resulting from the separation of bivalents in meiosis I are further separated in anaphase of meiosis II. In oocytes, one sister chromatid is segregated into the second polar body, while the other stays inside the egg. During spermatogenesis, each meiotic division is symmetric such that each primary spermatocyte gives rise to 2 secondary spermatocytes after meiosis I, and eventually 4 spermatids after meiosis II.
Meiosis II-nondisjunction may also result in aneuploidy syndromes, but only to a much smaller extent than do segregation failures in meiosis I.[6]
Nondisjunction of sister chromatids during mitosis:
Left: Metaphase of mitosis. Chromosome line up in the middle plane, the mitotic spindle forms and the kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to the microtubules.
Right: Anaphase of mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and the microtubules pull them in opposite directions.
The chromosome shown in red fails to separate properly, its sister chromatids stick together and get pulled to the same side, resulting in mitotic nondisjunction of this chromosome.
Mitosis[edit]
Division of somatic cells through mitosis is preceded by replication of the genetic material in S phase. As a result, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids held together at the centromere. In the anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite cell poles before the cell divides. Nondisjunction during mitosis leads to one daughter receiving both sister chromatids of the affected chromosome while the other gets none.[2][3] This is known as a chromatin bridge or an anaphase bridge. Mitotic nondisjunction results in somatic mosaicism, since only daughter cells originating from the cell where the nondisjunction event has occurred will have an abnormal number of chromosomes.[3] Nondisjunction during mitosis can contribute to the development of some forms of cancer, e.g. retinoblastoma (see below).[7] Chromosome nondisjunction in mitosis can be atrributed to the inactivation of topoisomerase II, condensin, or separase.[8] Meiotic nondisjunction has been well studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast undergoes mitosis similarly to other eukaryotes. Chromosome bridges occur when sister chromatids are held together post replication by DNA-DNA topological entanglement and the cohesion complex.[9] During anaphase, cohesion is cleaved by separase.[10] Topoisomerase II and condensin are responsible for removing catenations.[11]
Molecular mechanisms[edit]
Central role of the spindle assembly checkpoint[edit]
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a molecular safe-guarding mechanism that governs proper chromosome segregation in eukaryotic cells.[12] SAC inhibits progression into anaphase until all homologous chromosomes (bivalents, or tetrads) are properly aligned to the spindle apparatus. Only then, SAC releases its inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC), which in turn irreversibly triggers progression through anaphase.
Sex-specific differences in meiosis[edit]
Surveys of cases of human aneuploidy syndromes have shown that most of them are maternally derived.[5] This raises the question: Why is female meiosis more error prone? The most obvious difference between female oogenesis and male spermatogenesis is the prolonged arrest of oocytes in late stages of prophase I for many years up to several decades. Male gametes on the other hand quickly go through all stages of meiosis I and II. Another important difference between male and female meiosis concerns the frequency of recombination between homologous chromosomes: In the male, almost all chromosome pairs are joined by at least one crossover, while more than 10% of human oocytes contain at least one bivalent without any crossover event. Failures of recombination or inappropriately located crossovers have been well documented as contributors to the occurrence of nondisjunction in humans.[5]
Age-related loss of cohesin ties[edit]
Due to the prolonged arrest of human oocytes, weakening of cohesive ties holding together chromosomes and reduced activity of the SAC may contribute to maternal age-related errors in segregation control.[6][13] The cohesin complex is responsible for keeping together sister chromatids and provides binding sites for spindle attachment. Cohesin is loaded onto newly replicated chromosomes in oogonia during fetal development. Mature oocytes have only limited capacity for reloading cohesin after completion of S phase. The prolonged arrest of human oocytes prior to completion of meiosis I may therefore result in considerable loss of cohesin over time. Loss of cohesin is assumed to contribute to incorrect microtubule-kinetochore attachment and chromosome segregation errors during meiotic divisions.[6]
Consequences[edit]
The result of this error is a cell with an imbalance of chromosomes. Such a cell is said to be aneuploid. Loss of a single chromosome (2n-1), in which the daughter cell(s) with the defect will have one chromosome missing from one of its pairs, is referred to as a monosomy. Gaining a single chromosome, in which the daughter cell(s) with the defect will have one chromosome in addition to its pairs is referred to as a trisomy.[3] In the event that an aneuploidic gamete is fertilized, a number of syndromes might result.
Monosomy[edit]
The only known survivable monosomy in humans is Turner syndrome, where the affected individual is monosomic for the X chromosome (see below). Other monosomies are usually lethal during early fetal development, and survival is only possible if not all the cells of the body are affected in case of a mosaicism (see below), or if the normal number of chromosomes is restored via duplication of the single monosomic chromosome ("chromosome rescue").[2]
Turner syndrome (X monosomy) (45, X0)[edit]
Karyotype of X monosomy (Turner syndrome)
This condition is characterized by the presence of only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome (see bottom right corner).
Complete loss of an entire X chromosome accounts for about half the cases of Turner syndrome. The importance of both X chromosomes during embryonic development is underscored by the observation that the overwhelming majority (>99%) of fetuses with only one X chromosome (karyotype 45, X0) are spontaneously aborted.[14]
Autosomal trisomy[edit]
The term autosomal trisomy means that a chromosome other than the sex chromosomes X and Y is present in 3 copies instead of the normal number of 2 in diploid cells.
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)[edit]
Karyotype of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Note that chromosome 21 is present in 3 copies, while all other chromosomes show the normal diploid state with 2 copies. Most cases of trisomy of chromosome 21 are caused by a nondisjunction event during meiosis I (see text).
Down syndrome, a trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common anomaly of chromosome number in humans.[2] The majority of cases results from nondisjunction during maternal meiosis I.[14] Trisomy occurs in at least 0.3% of newborns and in nearly 25% of spontaneous abortions. It is the leading cause of pregnancy wastage and is the most common known cause of mental retardation.[15] It is well documented that advanced maternal age is associated with greater risk of meiotic nondisjunction leading to Down syndrome. This may be associated with the prolonged meiotic arrest of human oocytes potentially lasting for more than four decades.[13]
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)[edit]
Human trisomies compatible with live birth, other than Down syndrome (trisomy 21), are Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13).[1][2] Complete trisomies of other chromosomes are usually not viable and represent a relatively frequent cause of miscarriage. Only in rare cases of a mosaicism, the presence of a normal cell line, in addition to the trisomic cell line, may support the development of a viable trisomy of the other chromosomes.[2]
Sex chromosome aneuploidy[edit]
The term sex chromosome aneuploidy summarizes conditions with an abnormal number of sex chromosomes, i.e. other than XX (female) or XY (male). Formally, X chromosome monosomy (Turner syndrome, see above) can also be classified as a form of sex chromosome aneuploidy.
Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY)[edit]
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in humans. It represents the most frequent cause of hypogonadism and infertility in men. Most cases are caused by nondisjunction errors in paternal meiosis I.[2] About eighty percent of individuals with this syndrome have one extra X chromosome resulting in the karyotype XXY. The remaining cases have either multiple additional sex chromosomes (48,XXXY; 48,XXYY; 49,XXXXY), mosaicism (46,XY/47,XXY), or structural chromosome abnormalities.[2]
XYY Male (47, XYY)[edit]
The incidence of XYY syndrome is approximately 1 in 800-1000 male births. Many cases remain undiagnosed because of their normal appearance and fertility, and the absence of severe symptoms. The extra Y chromosome is usually a result of nondisjunction during paternal meiosis II.[2]
Trisomy X (47,XXX)[edit]
Trisomy X is a form of sex chromosome aneuploidy where females have three instead of two X chromosomes. Most patients are only mildly affected by neuropsychological and physical symptoms. Studies examining the origin of the extra X chromosome observed that about 58-63% of cases were caused by nondisjunction in maternal meiosis I, 16-18% by nondisjunction in maternal meiosis II, and the remaining cases by post-zygotic, i.e. mitotic, nondisjunction.[16]
Uniparental disomy[edit]
Uniparental disomy denotes the situation where both chromosomes of a chromosome pair are inherited from the same parent and are therefore identical. This phenomenon most likely is the result of a pregnancy that started as a trisomy due to nondisjunction. Since most trisomies are lethal, the fetus only survives because it loses one of the three chromosomes and becomes disomic. Uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 is, for example, seen in some cases of Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome.[14]
Mosaicism syndromes[edit]
Mosaicism syndromes can be caused by mitotic nondisjunction in early fetal development. As a consequence, the organism evolves as a mixture of cell lines with differing ploidy (number of chromosomes). Mosaicism may be present in some tissues, but not in others. Affected individuals may have a patchy or assymmetric appearance. Examples of mosaicism syndromes include Pallister-Killian syndrome and Hypomelanosis of Ito.[14]
Mosaicism in malignant transformation[edit]
Loss of a tumor suppressor gene locus according to the two-hit model:
In the first hit, the tumor suppressor gene on one of the two chromosomes is affected by a mutation that makes the gene product non-functional. This mutation may arise spontaneously as a DNA replication error or may be induced by a DNA damaging agent. The second hit removes the remaining wild-type chromosome, for example through a mitotic nondisjunction event. There are several other potential mechanisms for each of the two steps, for example an additional mutation, an unbalanced translocation, or a gene deletion by recombination. As a result of the double lesion, the cell may become malignant because it is no longer able to express the tumor suppressor protein.
Development of cancer often involves multiple alterations of the cellular genome (Knudson hypothesis). Human retinoblastoma is a well studied example of a cancer type where mitotic nondisjunction can contribute to malignant transformation: Mutations of the RB1 gene, which is located on chromosome 13 and encodes the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein, can be detected by cytogenetic analysis in many cases of retinoblastoma. Mutations of the RB1 locus in one copy of chromosome 13 are sometimes accompanied by loss of the other wild-type chromosome 13 through mitotic nondisjunction. By this combination of lesions, affected cells completely lose expression of functioning tumor suppressor protein.[7]
Diagnosis[edit]
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis[edit]
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is a technique used to identify genetically normal embryos and is useful for couples who have a family history of genetic disorders. This is an option for people choosing to procreate through IVF. PGD is considered difficult due to it being both time consuming and having success rates only comparable to routine IVF.[17]
Karyotyping[edit]
Karyotyping involves performing an amniocentesis in order to study the cells of an unborn fetus during metophase 1. Light microscopy can be used to visually determine if aneuploidy is an issue.[18]
Polar body diagnosis[edit]
Polar body diagnosis (PBD) can be use to detect maternally derived chromosomal aneuploidies as well as translocations in oocytes. The advantage of PBD over PGD is that it can be accomplished in a short amount of time. This is accomplished through zona drilling or laser drilling.[19]
Blastomere biopsy[edit]
Blastomere biopsy is a technique in which blastomeres are removed from the zona pellucida. It is commonly used to detect aneuploidy.[20] Genetic analysis is conducted once the procedure is complete. Additional studies are needed to assess the risk associated with the procedure.[21]
Lifestyle/environmental hazards[edit]
Exposure of spermatozoa to lifestyle, environmental and/or occupational hazards may increase the risk of aneuploidy. Cigarette smoke is a known aneugen (aneuploidy inducing agent). It is associated with increases in aneuploidy ranging from 1.5 to 3.0-fold.[22][23] Other studies indicate factors such as alcohol consumption,[24] occupational exposure to benzene,[25] and exposure to the insecticides fenvalerate[26] and carbaryl[27] also increase aneuploidy.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Simmons, D. Peter Snustad, Michael J. (2006). Principles of genetics (4. ed.). New York, NY [u.a.]: Wiley. ISBN 9780471699392.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Bacino, C.A.; Lee, B. (2011). "Chapter 76: Cytogenetics". In Kliegman, R.M.; Stanton, B.F.; St. Geme, J.W.; Schor, N.F.; Behrman, R.E. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th Edition (19th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 394–413. ISBN 9781437707557.
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Jump up ^ Thomas Hunt Morgan (August 31, 2012). Sex-Linked Inheritance in Drosophila. Ulan Press. pp. 10–11.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nagaoka, SI; Hassold, TJ; Hunt, PA (Jun 18, 2012). "Human aneuploidy: mechanisms and new insights into an age-old problem". Nature Reviews Genetics. 13 (7): 493–504. doi:10.1038/nrg3245. PMC 3551553  . PMID 22705668.
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2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
Type:
National Championship
Date:
December 29 – January 8
Season:
2017–18
Location:
San Jose, California
Host:
U.S. Figure Skating
Venue:
SAP Center
Champions
Men's singles:
Nathan Chen (S)
Camden Pulkinen (J)
Ladies' singles:
Bradie Tennell (S)
Alysa Liu (J)
Pair skating:
Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim (S)
Audrey Lu / Misha Mitrofanov (J)
Ice dancing:
Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue (S)
Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko (J)
Navigation
Previous:
2017 U.S. Championships
Next:
2019 U.S. Championships
The 2018 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from December 29, 2017 – January 8, 2018 at the SAP Center in San Jose, California. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Championships, 2018 World Junior Championships, and the 2018 World Championships.
San Jose was announced as the host in August 2016.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Qualifying
2 Schedule
3 Medal summary
3.1 Senior
3.2 Junior
3.3 Novice
3.4 Intermediate
3.5 Juvenile
4 Senior results
4.1 Senior men
4.2 Senior ladies
4.3 Senior pairs
4.4 Senior ice dance
5 Junior results
5.1 Junior men
5.2 Junior ladies
5.3 Junior pairs
5.4 Junior ice dance
6 Novice results
6.1 Novice men
6.2 Novice ladies
6.3 Novice pairs
6.4 Novice ice dance
7 International team selections
7.1 Winter Olympics
7.2 World Championships
7.3 Four Continents
7.4 World Junior Championships
8 References
9 External links
Qualifying[edit]
Competitors qualified at regional and sectional competitions held from October to November 2017 or earned a bye.
Date
Event
Type
Location
Results
October 4–8, 2017 North Atlantic Regional Hackensack, New Jersey [2]
October 4–8, 2017 Upper Great Lakes Regional Blaine, Minnesota [3]
October 11–15, 2017 Northwest Pacific Regional Eugene, Oregon [4]
October 11–15, 2017 South Atlantic Regional Aston, Pennsylvania [5]
October 11–15, 2017 Southwestern Regional Fort Collins, Colorado [6]
October 11–15, 2017 Southwest Pacific Regional Ontario, California [7]
October 18–22, 2017 New England Regional Westborough, Massachusetts [8]
October 18–22, 2017 Eastern Great Lakes Regional Antioch, Tennessee [9]
October 18–22, 2017 Central Pacific Regional Salt Lake City, Utah [10]
November 15–19, 2017 Eastern Sectional Boxborough, Massachusetts [11]
November 15–19, 2017 Midwestern Sectional Bloomington, Minnesota [12]
November 15–19, 2017 Pacific Coast Sectional Spokane, Washington [13]
December 29, 2017 – January 7, 2018 U.S. Championships Final San Jose, California [14]
In late December 2017, U.S. Figure Skating published the list of skaters who had qualified or received a bye.[15]
Schedule[edit]
The competition took place over ten days. All times are in PST.[14][16]
Date
Time
Event
Segment
December 29 9:10 AM Juvenile girls Free skate
10:45 AM Juvenile boys
12:30 PM Juvenile pairs
3:00 PM Intermediate pairs Short program
4:45 PM Intermediate ladies
6:30 PM Intermediate men
December 30 2:45 PM Intermediate pairs Free skate
4:45 PM Intermediate ladies
6:30 PM Intermediate men
December 31 10:30 AM Juvenile dance Pattern dance 1 (Foxtrot)
11:45 AM Pattern dance 2 (Cha Cha)
7:00 PM Junior pairs Short program
8:55 PM Junior ladies
January 1 9:30 AM Intermediate dance Pattern dance 1 (Tango)
10:45 AM Pattern dance 2 (Fourteenstep)
12:10 PM Junior men Short program
2:15 PM Juvenile dance Free dance
4:05 PM Novice dance Pattern dance 1 (Argentine tango)
5:20 PM Pattern dance 2 (Quickstep)
6:45 PM Novice pairs Short program
January 2 8:50 AM Novice ladies Short program
10:30 AM Novice men
12:10 PM Intermediate dance Free dance
12:30 PM Junior pairs Free skate
3:30 PM Novice pairs
6:15 PM Novice dance Free dance
7:50 PM Junior ladies Free skate
January 3 8:15 AM Novice ladies Free skate
10:15 AM Junior men
1:00 PM Junior dance Short dance
3:15 PM Novice men Free skate
6:35 PM Senior ladies Short program
January 4 9:50 AM Junior dance Free dance
1:00 PM Senior pairs Short program
5:40 PM Senior men
January 5 1:10 PM Senior dance Short dance
3:45 PM Senior ladies Free skate
January 6 11:45 AM Senior pairs Free skate
3:45 PM Senior men
January 7 12:30 PM Senior dance Free dance
Medal summary[edit]
Senior[edit]
Discipline
Gold Silver Bronze Pewter
Men Nathan Chen Ross Miner Vincent Zhou Adam Rippon
Ladies Bradie Tennell Mirai Nagasu Karen Chen Ashley Wagner
Pairs Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim Tarah Kayne / Danny O'Shea Deanna Stellato / Nathan Bartholomay Ashley Cain / Timothy LeDuc
Ice dancing Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani Madison Chock / Evan Bates Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker
Junior[edit]
Discipline
Gold Silver Bronze Pewter
Men Camden Pulkinen Dinh Tran Maxim Naumov Ryan Dunk
Ladies Alysa Liu Pooja Kalyan Ting Cui Hanna Harrell
Pairs Audrey Lu / Misha Mitrofanov Sarah Feng / TJ Nyman Laiken Lockley / Keenan Prochnow Nadine Wang / Spencer Howe
Ice dancing Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko Caroline Green / Gordon Green Chloe Lewis / Logan Bye Eliana Gropman / Ian Somerville
Novice[edit]
Discipline
Gold Silver Bronze Pewter
Men Goku Endo Max Lake Nicholas Hsieh Lucas Altieri
Ladies Beverly Zhu Emilea Zingas Violeta Ushakova Calista Choi
Pairs Jade Hom / Franz-Peter Jerosch Joanna Hubbart / William Hubbart Masha Mokhova / Ivan Mokhov Ellie McClellan / Jim Garbutt
Ice dancing Katarina Wolfkostin / Howard Zhao Gianna Buckley / Jeffrey Chen Caroline Liu / Kenan Slevira Elizabeth Tkachenko / Alexei Kiliakov
Intermediate[edit]
Discipline
Gold Silver Bronze Pewter
Men Maxim Zharkov Matthew Nielsen Liam Kapeikis William Annis
Ladies Indi Cha Alyssa Chan Arianna Concepcion Alena Budko
Pairs Zoe Larson / Nick Hubbart Cate Fleming / Jedidiah Isbell Katie Luong / Nathan Luong Sydney Flaum / Cayden McKenzie-Cook
Ice dancing Elliana Peal / Ethan Peal Claire Cain / Andrei Davydov Anna Gissibl / Alexander Colucci Nastia Efimova / Jonathan Zhao
Juvenile[edit]
Discipline
Gold Silver Bronze Pewter
Men Keita Horiko Jacob Sanchez Nhat-Viet Nguyen Andriy Kratyuk
Ladies Isabeau Levito Clara Kim Macie Rolf Madeleine Park
Pairs Natasha Mishkutionok / Daniel Tioumentsev Nadia Wang / Jaden Schwab Dalila DeLaura / Ryan Xie Megan Voigt / Levon Davis
Ice dancing Jenna Hauer / Benjamin Starr Zoe Sensenbrenner / Matthew Sperry Kristina Bland / Gabriel Francis Emma L'Esperance / Mika Amdour
Senior results[edit]
Senior men[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Nathan Chen Salt Lake Figure Skating 315.23 1 104.45 1 210.78
2 Ross Miner SC of Boston 274.51 6 88.91 2 185.60
3 Vincent Zhou SC of San Francisco 273.83 5 89.02 3 184.81
4 Adam Rippon SC of New York 268.34 2 96.52 4 171.82
5
Grant Hochstein SC of New York 255.31 4 92.18 5 163.13
6
Jason Brown Skokie Valley SC 253.68 3 93.23 6 160.45
7
Timothy Dolensky Atlanta FSC 236.33 7 85.06 9 151.27
8
Alexander Johnson Braemar-City of Lakes FSC 232.62 10 79.60 8 153.02
9
Max Aaron Broadmoor SC 224.20 12 74.95 10 149.25
10
Alexei Krasnozhon Stars FSC of Texas 223.58 8 82.58 13 141.00
11
Jimmy Ma SC of New York 222.41 11 75.28 11 147.13
12
Tomoki Hiwatashi DuPage FSC 217.53 15 63.48 7 154.05
13
Andrew Torgashev Panthers FSC 217.01 9 81.32 14 135.69
14
Sean Rabbitt Glacier Falls FSC 214.53 13 73.29 12 141.24
15
Jordan Moeller Northern Ice SC 180.21 20 55.35 15 124.86
16
Ben Jalovick Centennial 7k SC 178.33 19 56.12 16 122.21
17
Daniel Kulenkamp FSC of Southern California 177.95 18 60.15 17 117.80
18
Emmanuel Savary University of Delaware FSC 177.13 14 64.65 18 112.48
19
Sebastien Payannet Los Angeles FSC 172.89 16 61.29 20 111.60
20
Scott Dyer All Year FSC 172.04 17 60.17 19 111.87
21
Kevin Shum SC of Boston 163.33 21 52.04 21 111.29
Senior ladies[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Bradie Tennell Skokie Valley SC 219.51 1 73.79 1 145.72
2 Mirai Nagasu Pasadena FSC 213.84 2 73.09 2 140.75
3 Karen Chen Peninsula SC 198.59 3 69.48 4 129.11
4 Ashley Wagner SC of Wilmington 196.19 5 65.94 3 130.25
5
Mariah Bell Rocky Mountain FSC 192.34 6 65.18 6 127.16
6
Starr Andrews Los Angeles FSC 189.91 8 62.55 5 127.36
7
Angela Wang Salt Lake Figure Skating 188.01 4 67.00 7 121.01
8
Amber Glenn Dallas FSC 168.06 9 61.62 9 106.44
9
Courtney Hicks All Year FSC 165.48 11 57.81 8 107.67
10
Tessa Hong Los Angeles FSC 156.86 13 55.82 11 101.04
11
Caroline Zhang All Year FSC 156.38 10 60.29 14 96.09
12
Franchesca Chiera Panthers FSC 150.99 14 53.85 13 97.14
13
Hannah Miller Lansing SC 149.14 12 57.57 16 91.57
14
Kaitlyn Nguyen Los Angeles FSC 146.20 17 46.30 12 99.90
15
Brynne McIsaac Broadmoor SC 145.54 20 43.97 10 101.57
16
Emmy Ma SC of Boston 138.02 18 45.55 15 92.47
17
Megan Wessenberg SC of Boston 131.73 22 40.90 17 90.83
18
Katie McBeath Westminster FSC of Erie 124.64 15 48.53 18 76.11
19
Vivian Le Los Angeles FSC 122.60 16 46.65 19 75.95
20
Emily Chan Dallas FSC 104.43 19 44.79 20 59.64
21 !WD
Polina Edmunds Peninsula SC 63.78 7 63.78 withdrew from competition
22 !WD
Ashley Lin Dallas FSC 42.33 21 42.33 withdrew from competition
Senior pairs[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim DuPage FSC / Broadmoor SC 206.60 1 71.10 1 135.50
2 Tarah Kayne / Danny O'Shea Southwest Florida FSC / Southwest Florida FSC 200.80 2 68.93 2 131.87
3 Deanna Stellato / Nathan Bartholomay Southwest Florida FSC / Southwest Florida FSC 197.65 3 67.84 3 129.81
4 Ashley Cain / Timothy LeDuc SC of New York / Los Angeles FSC 187.14 8 60.03 4 127.11
5
Haven Denney / Brandon Frazier SC of New York / All Year FSC 186.32 4 63.63 5 122.69
6
Marissa Castelli / Mervin Tran SC of Boston / SC of Boston 182.38 6 60.75 6 121.63
7
Chelsea Liu / Brian Johnson Orange County FSC / Detroit SC 167.47 5 62.35 9 105.12
8
Jessica Pfund / Joshua Santillan Southwest Florida FSC / All Year FSC 163.62 7 60.52 10 103.10
9
Jessica Calalang / Zack Sidhu DuPage FSC / Las Vegas FSC 162.23 12 50.43 7 111.80
10
Erika Smith / AJ Reiss SC of New York / Los Angeles FSC 159.03 11 50.95 8 108.08
11
Nica Digerness / Danny Neudecker Broadmoor SC / Seattle SC 154.10 9 53.78 11 100.32
12
Winter Deardorff / Max Settlage Northern Kentucky SC / Broadmoor SC 145.66 10 51.15 13 94.51
13
Caitlin Fields / Ernie Utah Stevens Indiana World Sk Acad FSC / Indiana World Sk Acad FSC 142.12 13 45.49 12 96.63
14
Alexandria Yao / Jacob Simon Peninsula SC / Skokie Valley SC 128.12 15 40.97 14 87.15
15
Allison Timlen / Justin Highgate-Brutman Columbia FSC (MD) / St. Clair Shores FSC 126.05 14 41.70 15 84.35
Senior ice dance[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SD
FD
1 Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue Lansing SC / Lansing SC 197.12 2 79.10 2 118.02
2 Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani SC of New York / SC of New York 196.93 1 82.33 3 114.60
3 Madison Chock / Evan Bates All Year FSC / Ann Arbor FSC 196.60 3 77.61 1 118.99
4 Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker Detroit SC / Seattle SC 187.61 4 73.18 4 114.43
5
Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons Washington FSC / Washington FSC 176.07 5 72.69 6 103.38
6
Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter Peninsula SC / Washington FSC 175.19 6 69.16 5 106.03
7
Elliana Pogrebinsky / Alex Benoit Peninsula SC / Skokie Valley SC 167.98 7 66.41 7 101.57
8
Alexandra Aldridge / Daniel Eaton Detroit SC / Ann Arbor FSC 153.93 8 61.21 8 92.72
9
Karina Manta / Joseph Johnson Coyotes SC of Arizona / Broadmoor SC 151.00 9 58.29 9 92.71
10
Julia Biechler / Damian Dodge SC of Wilmington / IceWorks SC 136.37 10 54.53 10 81.84
11
Elicia Reynolds / Stephen Reynolds Ice Line FSC / Ice Line FSC 110.92 11 40.92 11 70.00
12
Cassidy Klopstock / Jacob Schedl Centennial 7k SC / University of Delaware FSC 89.28 12 37.16 12 52.12
13
Ashley Bain / Oleg Altukhov North Jersey FSC / North County FSC 79.42 13 31.17 13 48.25
Junior results[edit]
Junior men[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Camden Pulkinen Broadmoor SC 219.29 1 67.88 1 151.41
2 Dinh Tran SC of San Francisco 199.95 2 67.28 2 132.67
3 Maxim Naumov SC of Boston 179.00 3 64.07 4 114.93
4 Ryan Dunk Baltimore FSC 172.68 10 53.43 3 119.25
5
Tony Lu North Jersey FSC 166.57 4 62.43 7 104.14
6
Alex Wellman Broadmoor SC 160.69 8 56.23 6 104.46
7
Paul Yeung All Year FSC 158.71 11 53.30 5 105.41
8
Sasha Lunin Fort Wayne ISC 148.67 9 54.86 8 93.81
9
Peter Liu SC of Wilmington 143.63 5 58.33 11 85.30
10
Patrick Frohling All Year FSC 138.43 12 52.22 10 86.21
11
Kendrick Weston Salt Lake Figure Skating 136.83 6 58.10 12 78.73
12
Justin Wichmann Dallas FSC 135.95 13 48.05 9 87.90
13
Luke Ferrante SC of Huntsville 129.58 7 56.48 13 73.10
Junior ladies[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Alysa Liu St. Moritz ISC 184.16 1 63.83 1 120.33
2 Pooja Kalyan Ozark FSC 166.53 4 54.55 3 111.98
3 Ting Cui Baltimore FSC 165.51 11 45.55 2 119.96
4 Hanna Harell Dallas FSC 154.36 5 52.10 4 102.26
5
Emily Zhang Richmond FSC 149.83 2 56.97 8 92.86
6
Gabriella Izzo SC of Boston 148.04 3 55.19 7 93.05
7
Angelina Huang St. Peters FSA 143.84 6 51.27 9 92.57
8
Akari Nakahara All Year FSC 143.41 7 49.12 6 94.29
9
Audrey Shin SC of New York 140.50 10 46.05 5 94.45
10
Emma Coppess All Year FSC 139.30 8 48.08 10 91.22
11
Lily Sun Peninsula SC 137.75 9 47.38 11 90.37
12
Jenna Shi Arctic FSC 114.50 12 44.20 12 70.30
Junior pairs[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Audrey Lu / Misha Mitrofanov Dallas FSC / Dallas FSC 173.31 1 60.80 1 112.51
2 Sarah Feng / TJ Nyman SC of San Francisco / Broadmoor SC 155.57 3 58.37 2 97.20
3 Laiken Lockley / Keenan Prochnow DuPage FSC / DuPage FSC 153.04 2 58.67 3 94.37
4 Nadine Wang / Spencer Howe SC of New York / Los Angeles FSC 135.96 5 46.58 4 89.38
5
Elli Kopmar / Jonah Barrett Southwest Florida FSC / Southwest Florida FSC 132.90 4 52.18 5 80.72
6
Ainsley Peterson / Griffin Schwab All Year FSC / SC of New York 124.21 6 45.86 6 78.35
7
Sarah Rose / Ian Meyh Southwest Florida FSC / Southwest Florida FSC 115.54 9 39.48 7 76.06
8
Evelyn Grace Hanns / Kristofer Ogren Broadmoor SC / Kansas City FSC 114.62 7 43.85 9 70.77
9
Meiryla Findley / Matthew Rounis Broadmoor SC / Los Angeles FSC 113.82 8 40.74 8 73.08
10
Eliana Secunda / Blake Eisenach Rocky Mountain FSC / Rocky Mountain FSC 100.74 10 37.14 10 63.60
11
Sapphire Jaeckel / Matthew Scoralle Los Angeles FSC / Los Angeles FSC 88.92 11 35.35 12 53.57
12
Cora DeWyre / Jacob Nussle Ice House Skating Academy / Ice House Skating Academy 85.44 12 27.56 11 57.88
13
Juliette Erickson / Nathan Grundhofer SC of Boston / St. Moritz ISC 64.86 13 24.67 13 40.19
Junior ice dance[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SD
FD
1 Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko SC of New York / SC of San Francisco 159.18 1 68.70 1 90.48
2 Caroline Green / Gordon Green Pavilion SC of Cleveland Heights / Washington FSC 146.72 2 63.14 2 83.58
3 Chloe Lewis / Logan Bye All Year FSC / SC of New York 143.21 3 62.14 3 81.07
4 Eliana Gropman / Ian Somerville Pavilion SC of Cleveland Heights / Washington FSC 138.90 4 61.13 5 77.77
5
Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik Washington FSC / SC of Novi 134.31 7 54.02 4 80.29
6
Emma Gunter / Caleb Wein Washington FSC / Washington FSC 132.89 5 56.31 6 76.58
7
Jocelyn Haines / James Koszuta Buffalo SC / Glacier Falls FSC 126.59 6 55.69 7 70.90
8
Alina Efimova / Alexander Petrov Peninsula SC / Hershey FSC 120.92 8 52.06 8 68.86
9
Katarina DelCamp / Maxwell Gart Dallas FSC / All Year FSC 116.65 9 50.26 10 66.39
10
Isabelle Amoia / Luca Becker SC of Novi / Washington FSC 116.08 10 49.50 9 66.58
11
Sophia Elder / Christopher Elder Louisville Skating Academy / Louisville Skating Academy 111.02 11 49.14 12 61.88
12
Molly Cesanek / Nikolay Usanov SC of Novi / SC of San Francisco 106.60 13 44.04 11 62.56
13
Allie Rose / JT Michel Philadelphia SC & HS / Louisville Skating Academy 103.55 12 45.11 13 58.44
Novice results[edit]
Novice men[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Goku Endo Los Angeles FSC 156.14 2 54.11 2 102.03
2 Max Lake All Year FSC 155.77 3 52.66 1 103.11
3 Nicholas Hsieh SC of Wilmington 151.64 1 56.75 6 94.89
4 Lucas Altieri Panthers FSC 144.63 4 48.65 4 95.98
5
Chase Finster Northern Kentucky SC 142.44 9 41.40 3 101.04
6
Nathan Chapple Shaker FSC 140.60 7 44.74 5 95.86
7
Jordan Evans University of Delaware FSC 136.74 5 45.39 8 91.35
8
Jonathan Yang St. Paul FSC 136.50 6 44.85 7 91.65
9
Henry Privett-Mendoza Pasadena FSC 119.08 8 42.88 10 76.20
10
Daniel Argueta Texas Gulf Coast FSC 116.83 12 36.04 9 80.79
11
Joshua Simkin FSC of Southern California 112.09 11 36.75 11 75.34
12
Eric Prober Pines FSC 105.14 10 40.21 12 64.93
Novice ladies[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Beverly Zhu All Year FSC 167.69 1 54.91 1 112.78
2 Emilea Zingas St. Clair Shores FSC 132.68 6 43.43 3 89.25
3 Violeta Ushakova SC of New York 131.52 3 46.76 5 84.76
4 Calista Choi Skokie Valley SC 131.20 10 40.90 2 90.30
5
Noelle Rosa Salt Lake Figure Skating 130.86 5 44.22 4 86.64
6
Sophia Chouinard Panthers FSC 125.99 8 42.03 6 83.96
7
Christina Lin Murray Silver Blades FSC 125.58 2 48.29 8 77.29
8
Sarah Jung Columbia FSC (MD) 123.08 9 41.68 7 81.40
9
Jessica Lin Dallas FSC 118.50 7 42.50 10 76.00
10
Ariela Masarsky DuPage FSC 117.79 4 45.75 11 72.04
11
Maddie Weiler SC of Boston 117.56 11 40.71 9 76.85
12 !WD
Amie Miyagi Salt Lake Figure Skating 33.45 12 33.45 withdrew from competition
Novice pairs[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
SP
FS
1 Jade Hom / Franz-Peter Jerosch Colonial FSC / North Atlantic FSC 126.99 1 46.67 1 80.32
2 Joanna Hubbart / William Hubbart Champions' Edge SC / Champions' Edge SC 118.31 7 40.31 2 78.00
3 Masha Mokhova / Ivan Mokhov Lansing SC / Lansing SC 116.64 2 43.70 5 72.94
4 Ellie McClellan / Jim Garbutt Champions' Edge SC / Champions' Edge SC 113.84 8 40.04 4 73.80
5
Hilary Asher / Nathaniel Dennler Lone Star FSC / Colonial FSC 112.84 4 41.19 6 71.65
6
Ashley Haywood / Alec Schmitt Lakewood Winter Club / Bremerton FSC 110.74 10 36.57 3 74.17
7
Jasmine Fendi / Joshua Fendi Los Angeles FSC / Los Angeles FSC 110.03 3 41.30 7 68.73
8
Isabelle Goldstein / Keyton Bearinger Detroit SC / Detroit SC 106.90 5 40.51 9 66.39
9
Georgia Bush / Timmy Chapman Central Florida FSC / Central Florida FSC 106.36 9 38.85 8 67.51
10
Sarah Burden / Jake Pagano Broadmoor SC / Nashville FSC 106.17 6 40.41 10 65.76
11
Isabelle Martins / Ryan Bedard Chicago FSC / Northern Ice SC 94.75 11 35.33 11 59.42
12
Paige Ruggeri / Christopher Aaron Garden State SC / Hudson Valley FSC 86.76 12 30.82 12 55.94
13
Milena Markin / Matthew Essigmann Los Angeles FSC / Ithaca Area FSA 69.55 13 24.42 13 45.13
Novice ice dance[edit]
Rank
Name
Club
Total
PD1
PD2
FD
1 Katarina Wolfkostin / Howard Zhao Peninsula SC / Detroit SC 122.41 2 24.16 2 24.71 1 73.54
2 Gianna Buckley / Jeffrey Chen Seattle SC / Peninsula SC 116.77 1 26.50 1 25.64 2 64.63
3 Caroline Liu / Kenan Slevira Hickory Hill FSC / All Year FSC 115.56 4 23.42 3 24.65 2 67.49
4 Elizabeth Tkachenko / Alexei Kiliakov Washington FSC / Washington FSC 112.95 3 24.12 4 23.98 4 64.85
5
Oona Brown / Gage Brown SC of New York / SC of New York 106.48 6 22.50 10 18.43 3 65.55
6
Isabel Blahunka / Will Shawver Louisville Skating Academy / Louisville Skating Academy 99.68 5 22.52 6 20.27 8 56.89
7
Maxine Weatherby / Dmitry Bogomol Los Angeles FSC / Pines FSC 99.11 9 20.55 8 19.58 6 58.98
8
Cordelia Pride / Benjamin Lawless All Year FSC / Philadelphia SC & HS 96.43 8 21.09 5 21.67 10 53.67
9
Anna Pettersson / TJ Carey Colonial FSC / SC of Boston 94.40 10 19.92 7 20.25 9 54.23
10
Jordan Lin / Morgan Sletten Washington FSC / Washington FSC 93.68 12 17.56 9 19.20 7 56.92
11
Paulina Brykalova / Daniel Brykalov St. Paul FSC / St. Paul FSC 90.16 7 21.93 12 16.37 11 51.86
12
Isabella Flores / Mikhail Gumba Broadmoor SC / Broadmoor SC 86.84 11 19.42 11 16.93 12 50.49
International team selections[edit]
Winter Olympics[edit]
U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 Winter Olympics on January 6, 2018.
Men[17]
Ladies[18]
Pairs[19]
Ice dancing[20]
Nathan Chen Karen Chen Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim Madison Chock / Evan Bates
Adam Rippon Mirai Nagasu Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue
Vincent Zhou Bradie Tennell Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani
1st alt.
Jason Brown Ashley Wagner Tarah Kayne / Danny O'Shea Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker
2nd alt.
Ross Miner Mariah Bell Deanna Stellato / Nathan Bartholomay Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter
3rd alt.
Max Aaron Angela Wang Ashley Cain / Timothy LeDuc Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons
The selections for the team event at the Olympics were as follows:
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
SP/SD
Nathan Chen Bradie Tennell Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani
FS/ FD
Adam Rippon Mirai Nagasu
World Championships[edit]
U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 World Championships on January 6, 2018.
Men[21]
Ladies[22]
Pairs[23]
Ice dancing[24]
Nathan Chen Karen Chen Tarah Kayne / Danny O'Shea Madison Chock / Evan Bates
Adam Rippon Mirai Nagasu Alexa Scimeca Knierim / Chris Knierim Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue
Vincent Zhou Bradie Tennell Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani
1st alt.
Jason Brown Ashley Wagner Deanna Stellato / Nathan Bartholomay Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker
2nd alt.
Ross Miner Mariah Bell Ashley Cain / Timothy LeDuc Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter
3rd alt.
Max Aaron Angela Wang Haven Denney / Brandon Frazier Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons
Four Continents[edit]
U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 Four Continents Championships on January 6, 2018.
Men[21]
Ladies[22]
Pairs[23]
Ice dancing[24]
Max Aaron Starr Andrews Ashley Cain / Timothy LeDuc Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker
Jason Brown Mariah Bell Tarah Kayne / Danny O'Shea Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter
Ross Miner (withdrew) Ashley Wagner (withdrew) Deanna Stellato / Nathan Bartholomay Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons
1st alt.
Grant Hochstein (called up) Angela Wang (called up) Haven Denney / Brandon Frazier Elliana Pogrebinsky / Alex Benoit
2nd alt.
Timothy Dolensky Amber Glenn Marissa Castelli / Mervin Tran Karina Manta / Joseph Johnson
3rd alt.
Alexander Johnson Courtney Hicks Chelsea Liu / Brian Johnson Julia Biechler / Damian Dodge
World Junior Championships[edit]
U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 World Junior Championships on January 6, 2018.
Men[21]
Ladies[22]
Pairs[23]
Ice dancing[24]
Tomoki Hiwatashi Starr Andrews (withdrew) Audrey Lu / Misha Mitrofanov Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko
Alexei Krasnozhon Ting Cui Sarah Feng / TJ Nyman Caroline Green / Gordon Green
Camden Pulkinen Chloe Lewis / Logan Bye
Alt.
Maxim Naumov Hanna Harrell Laiken Lockley / Keenan Prochnow Eliana Gropman / Ian Somerville
Alt.
Andrew Torgashev Tessa Hong Nadine Wang / Spencer Howe Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik
Alt.
Dinh Tran Emmy Ma (called up) Elli Kopmar / Jonah Barrett Emma Gunter / Caleb Wein
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "San Jose Selected To Host 2018 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships". usfsa.org. 29 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "2018 North Atlantic Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Upper Great Lakes Regional Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Northwest Pacific Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 South Atlantic Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Southwestern Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Southwest Pacific Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 New England Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Eastern Great Lakes Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Central Pacific Regional FS Championships". U.S. Figure Skating. October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Eastern Sectional Figure Skating Championships". U.S. Figure Skating.
Jump up ^ "2018 Midwestern Sectional Figure Skating Championships". U.S. Figure Skating.
Jump up ^ "2018 Pacific Coast Sectional Figure Skating Championships". U.S. Figure Skating.
^ Jump up to: a b "2018 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships". U.S. Figure Skating.
Jump up ^ "Qualifiers" (PDF). U.S. Figure Skating. December 21, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Schedule". sapcenter.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017.
"Schedule, PDF" (PDF). sapcenter.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Men's Nominations for 2018 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Ladies Nominations for 2018 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team". U.S. Figure Skating. January 6, 2018. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Pairs Nomination for 2018 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Ice Dance Nominations for 2018 U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Men's Selections for World, Four Continents and World Junior Teams". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Ladies Selections for World, Four Continents and World Junior Teams". U.S. Figure Skating. January 6, 2018. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Pairs Selections for World, Four Continents and World Junior Teams". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "U.S. Figure Skating Announces Ice Dance Selections for World, Four Continents and World Junior Teams". U.S. Figure Skating. January 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Results at U.S. Figure Skating
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