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National FFA Organization
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National FFA Organization
Motto
Learning to Do,
Doing to Learn,
Earning to Live,
Living to Serve[1]
Formation
1928; 90 years ago (1928)
Type
Youth organization
Tax ID no.
54-0524844[2]
Legal status
501(c)(3) non-profit organization[3]
Purpose
To make a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agricultural education.
Headquarters
U.S. Department of Education Offices of Vocational and Adult Education
1410 King Street,
Alexandria, VA 22314
6060 FFA Drive,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46278[2]
Region served
United States
Puerto Rico
United States Virgin Islands
Membership
669,989 (8,630 Chapters in 52 State Associations)
National FFA Advisor, Board Chair
Dr. Steve A. Brown[4]
Chief Executive Officer
Mark Poeschl[5]
Chief Operating Officer
[6]
National FFA President
Luke O’Leary[7]
Subsidiaries
National FFA Foundation, Inc.[2]
Revenue (2015)
$27,832,251[2]
Expenses (2015)
$27,612,465[2]
Employees (2015)
232[2]
Volunteers (2015)
3,500[2]
Website
www.ffa.org
Formerly called
Future Farmers of America[8]
National FFA Organization is an American 501(c)(3) youth organization, specifically a career and technical student organization, based on middle and high school classes that promote and support agricultural education. It was founded in 1925 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, by agriculture teachers, Henry C. Groseclose,[9] Walter Newman, Edmund Magill and Harry Sanders as Future Farmers of Virginia. In 1928, it became a nationwide organization known as Future Farmers of America. In 1988 the name was changed to the National FFA Organization, now commonly referred to as FFA, to recognize that the organization is for those with diverse interests in the food, fiber and natural resource industries, encompassing science, business and technology in addition to production agriculture.[10] Today FFA is among the largest youth organization in the United States, with 669,989 members in 8,630 chapters[11] throughout all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. FFA is the largest of the career and technical student organizations in U.S. schools.
The organization holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code.[12]
Contents
1 Overview
2 FFA structure
3 Officers of FFA
3.1 Constitutional officers
3.2 Others may include
3.3 National officers
4 Official FFA dress
4.1 FFA jacket
4.2 Elements of FFA official dress
4.3 Awards and pins
5 Traditions
6 Career Development Events
6.1 Others
7 Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs
8 Notable alumni
8.1 In politics
8.2 In entertainment
8.3 In the arts
8.4 Other
9 Notable historic events and milestones
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Overview[edit]
The National FFA Organization is a youth leadership organization that makes a positive difference in the lives of young people by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth and career success through agriculture education. The FFA Motto is Learning to do, Doing to learn, Earning to live, Living to serve.
FFA functions within the three-circle model of agricultural education as a student leadership organization that complements a student's classroom/laboratory instruction and supervised agricultural experience program.[13] FFA members can compete in Career Development Events (CDE) that cover job skills in everything from communications to mechanics. Some events allow students to compete as individuals, while others allow them to compete in teams.[14] These competitions can happen at a local or district level, state level, and on the national level.
Students are supervised by agricultural education teachers in cooperation with parents, employers and other adults who assist individuals in the development and achievement of educational and career goals
Official colors of the FFA are National Blue and Corn Gold.[15]
FFA structure[edit]
United States Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack (3rd from right) stands with five former National FFA Officers in 2011.
FFA is represented at several different levels across the nation; FFA administration may change from state to state. The basic levels are the national level, serving all of the United States of America, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; the state level, serving an individual state association; and the chapter level, serving a school or set of schools in an area. By definition, there can be three types of chapters at the secondary level, they are middle for middle school, junior for ninth grade and senior which can be either tenth through twelfth or ninth through twelfth depending on the school. Other levels include districts, subdistricts, sections, regions, areas, and federations.
FFA was created to serve high school students, and has moved into middle schools where membership may begin as early as age 12, allowing members to become active earlier and stay active for longer. Each chapter is chartered as part of the state association and national organization. Collegiate chapters exist as well.
Most states hold FFA conventions at least once annually, where members gather to compete, be recognized for awards, attend leadership workshops, debate organizational issues in a delegate process, and more. Nationally, the National FFA Convention & Expo is held once a year in the fall. It was held in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1928 to 1998. The convention moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1999 before moving again in 2006 to Indianapolis, Indiana. Louisville again hosted the national convention from 2013 to 2015. FFA announced in July 2015 that the national convention would be hosted in Indianapolis each year from 2016 to 2024.[16]
Officers of FFA[edit]
As the FFA is a member-led organization intended to serve youth around the nation, it elects officers from its own diverse membership to certain levels of FFA. With these basic constitutional officers a basis of parliamentary procedure is completed during meetings and banquets; each officer during these procedures will stand and recite their office level and what it is stationed by, and why the particular position is stationed as so.Typical officer roles are:
Constitutional officers[edit]
President — Stationed by the rising sun, a token of a new era in agriculture. also young kids like aged 12 may join the ffa and possibly work at the ffa * Vice President — Stationed by the plow, the symbol of labor and tillage of the soil.
Secretary — Stationed by the ear of corn, to keep a record of all meetings and correspond with other secretaries wherever corn is grown and FFA members meet.
Treasurer — Stationed by the emblem of George Washington, to keep an accurate account of receipts and disbursements just as Washington kept his farm accounts.
Reporter — Stationed by the Flag, strives to inform the public in order that every man, woman, and child may know the FFA is a national organization.
Sentinel — Stationed by the door, to ensure the door is open to all and keep the meeting room comfortable as well as assist in maintaining order.
Advisor — Stationed by the owl, the time honored emblem of knowledge and wisdom
Others may include[edit]
Parliamentarian — Stationed by a copy of Robert's Rules of Order.
Historian — Stationed at the scroll or chapter scrapbook.
Student Advisor — Stationed by the owl or the key.
Chaplain — Stationed by the Bible or Book.
Executive Committee/Executive Board.
Each officer is an agricultural student and holds responsibilities needed to serve, and are elected each year by members at the respective levels.
National officers[edit]
At the national level, the organization has student-held positions of president, secretary, and vice president for each of the four administrative regions (Eastern, Southern, Central, and Western).
Official FFA dress[edit]
Odessa Oldham, of Casper College in Wyoming, explained her role in the National FFA Organization to the United States Department of Agriculture, as part of its Native American Indian Heritage Month celebration in Washington D.C., in November 2011.
FFA jacket[edit]
Former FFA emblem in use until February 2015.
The most recognizable symbol of the organization is the blue corduroy FFA jacket that is worn by current FFA members. The back of the jacket features a large FFA emblem just underneath the name of each FFA member's state. The name of the local FFA chapter, district, region or area is embroidered below the emblem. The front of the FFA jacket features a smaller FFA emblem on the left chest and the FFA member's name and sometimes, if applicable, office and year on the right chest. FFA members are required to wear the FFA jacket as part of official dress while participating in all official organization activities.[17]
The FFA jacket was created to be worn by the Fredericktown Band of the Fredericktown FFA Chapter by Dr. Gus Lintner.[18] It was adopted in 1933.
The color of the jacket's corduroy has ranged from shades of blue to shades of purple through the years. In 2004, the National FFA Organization worked with a supplier in North Carolina to set a new standard for the blue corduroy by using samples from archived FFA jackets. The jacket's color standardization was accompanied by a restoration of the embroidered FFA emblems and fit corrections led by Clemson University's Apparel Research Center. The improved FFA jacket, produced in both Van Wert, Ohio and South Vietnam, was first made available in August 2005. Currently, all lettering, embroidery and finishing of FFA jackets is completed by Universal Lettering Company in Van Wert, Ohio.[19]
Elements of FFA official dress[edit]
FFA members are required to wear official FFA dress while participating in official organization activities. The National FFA Organization recently updated its bylaws, stating that members may choose to identify however they choose in regards to official dress, in order to include transgender as well as gender non-conforming individuals within the organization. For females, official dress consists of a black skirt (black slacks may be appropriate for traveling and outdoor activities), a white collared blouse, an official FFA blue scarf, black dress shoes with a closed heel and toe, black nylon hosiery, and an official FFA jacket zipped to the top. Male official dress includes black dress pants, a white dress shirt, an official FFA tie, black dress shoes with a closed heel and toe, black socks and an official FFA jacket zipped to the top.[20]
Awards and pins[edit]
FFA members earn metal pins that signify achievement within the organization. These pins can be placed on the front of the FFA jacket,[20] however, official guidelines state that no more than three pins may be worn at one time. The pins are to be placed beneath the FFA member's name on the right chest and can recognize the highest office, highest award, and highest organizational degree. Two exceptions exist within pin placement guidelines. When an FFA member earns a State FFA Degree or American FFA Degree, the award keys should be worn above the name on right chest or attached to the FFA jacket with a standard key chain, and no other pins should accompany these.[20]
Traditions[edit]
As an organization, the FFA has many traditions and trademarks identifying it as an agricultural education organization:[21]
The FFA Motto: Learning to Do, Doing to Learn, Earning to Live, Living to Serve.
The FFA Mission: The National FFA Organization is dedicated to making a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agricultural education.[21]
The Official FFA Colors: National Blue and Corn Gold (worn on the Official FFA jackets).[22]
The FFA Emblem: Cross section of the ear of corn: represents unity. Where ever you live in the United States, corn is grown everywhere. Rising Sun: signifies progress. It represents that tomorrow will always bring a new day. Plow: signifies labor and tillage of the soil. It also shows the historic foundation of our country's strength. Eagle: symbolizes freedom and our ability to explore the new agriculture world. Owl: represents knowledge. Long recognized for wisdom and knowledge. Agriculture Education and FFA: symbolizes the combination of learning and leadership.
The FFA Creed: The creed was written by Erwin Milton "E.M." Tiffany of Lyndon, Kansas[23] and adopted at the 3rd National FFA Convention.[23] It was revised at the 38th and 63rd National FFA Conventions by the assembled delegate body. It is recited by new members to the organization to reflect their growing belief in agriculture and agricultural education. The FFA Creed also must be memorized and recited to earn the Greenhand Degree.
I believe in the future of agriculture, with a faith born not of words but of deeds – achievements won by the present and past generations of agriculturists; in the promise of better days through better ways, even as the better things we now enjoy have come to us from the struggles of former years.

I believe that to live and work on a good farm or to be engaged in other agricultural pursuits, is pleasant as well as challenging; for I know the joys and discomforts of agricultural life and hold an inborn fondness for those associations which, even in hours of discouragement I cannot deny.

I believe in leadership from ourselves and respect from others. I believe in my own ability to work efficiently and think clearly, with such knowledge and skill as I can secure, and in the ability of progressive agriculturists to serve our own and the public interest in producing and marketing the product of our toil.

I believe in less dependence on begging and more power in bargaining; in the life abundant and enough honest wealth to help make it so-for others as well as myself; in less need for charity and more of it when needed; in being happy myself and playing square with those whose happiness depends upon me.

I believe that American agriculture can and will hold true to the best traditions of our national life and that I can exert an influence in my home and community which will stand solid for my part in that inspiring task.
Career Development Events[edit]
FFA Career Development Event (CDEs) are contests that members compete in to test their skills learned through agricultural education instruction. They vary at the different levels of FFA, and some are contested only at certain levels and certain states, districts, areas or federations.[24]
At the national level, there are 24 Career Development Events:[24]
Ag Business
Ag Communications
Ag Issues Forum
Ag Mechanics
Ag Sales
Agronomy (Insects, seeds, etc.)
Dairy Cattle Evaluation
Dairy Cattle Handlers Activity
Dairy Foods
Environmental & Natural Resources
Extemporaneous Public Speaking
Floriculture
Food Science & Technology
Forestry
Horse Evaluation
Job Interview
Land Judging
Livestock Evaluation
Marketing Plan
Meats Evaluation & Technology
Nursery/Landscape
Parliamentary Procedure
Poultry Evaluation
Prepared Public Speaking
Rangeland Judging
Wildlife Management
Veterinarian Science
Quiz Bowl
Others[edit]
Examples of CDEs that can be available at the state level are:
Small Animal Care
Arboriculture
Aquaculture
Safe Equipment Operation
Opening/Closing Ceremonies
Wildlife
Website Development
Entomology
Tractor Operations
Greenhand CDE
F.A.R.M education
Envirothon
Demonstration
Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs[edit]
To be an active member in the National FFA Organization, a member must have an Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) project.[25] The projects involve hands-on application of concepts and principles learned in the agricultural education classroom, with guidelines for the SAE projects governed by the state FFA delegation. SAE programs are grouped into four different areas:
Exploratory – learning about the 'big picture' of agriculture and related careers
Research/Experimentation and Analysis – conducting research or analysis of information to discover new knowledge
Ownership/Entrepreneurship – planning and operation of an agriculture-related business
Placement – working either for pay or experience in an agricultural setting
Notable alumni[edit]
In politics[edit]
Harold Brubaker, North Carolina state representative, past National FFA Secretary from Pennsylvania
Jimmy Carter, Governor of Georgia, 39th President of the United States
Matt Lohr, Virginia state representative, past state FFA President and National FFA Vice President
Bruce Maloch, Arkansas state senator, past state FFA President and National FFA Secretary
Rick Perry, Governor of Texas, past district FFA officer
Jeff Miller (Florida politician), United States Representative from Florida, past state FFA Secretary
Sam Brownback, Governor of Kansas, past United States Senator & United States representative, past state FFA President and national FFA vice president
Joe Wright, Kentucky State Senate majority floor leader from 1981 to 1992 and founding member of the Kentucky FFA Foundation
In entertainment[edit]
Trace Adkins, country music singer
Johnny Cash, country and rock & roll music singer/songwriter, actor
Chris Colfer, actor best known for Glee
Easton Corbin, country music singer/songwriter
Steve Doocy, network-television personality on the Fox News Channel and a best selling author. Co-host of Fox & Friends in the mornings.
Matthew Fox, actor best known for Lost and Party of Five
Brantley Gilbert, country music singer
Don Henley, music entertainer
Toby Keith, country music singer, actor
Lyle Lovett, country music singer
Tim McGraw, country music singer
Eddie Montgomery, country music singer, half of the duo Montgomery Gentry
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles, pop and R&B singer
Willie Nelson, country music singer
Jim Ross, WWE Hall of Famer, past state FFA Vice President
Orion Samuelson, radio broadcaster
Josh Shipp, motivational speaker & entertainer
Taylor Swift, country and pop music singer/songwriter, actress
Craig Morgan, country music singer/songwriter
A$AP Rocky, rapper, songwriter, record producer, actor
John Mellencamp, recording artist, co-founder of Farm Aid
In the arts[edit]
Jim Davis, creator of the Garfield comic strip
Jared Hess, director of Napoleon Dynamite
Nicholas Kristof, Pulitzer Prize Winner, past Oregon State Officer
Other[edit]
Leonard J. Arrington, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Historian. "Dean of Mormon History", past National FFA Vice President
Howard Warren Buffett, grandson of famed American investor and philanthropist Warren Edward Buffett, past FFA chapter president
Bo Jackson, American athlete and a former multi-sport professional in American football (NFL) and Baseball (MLB)
Sterling Marlin, NASCAR driver
Brad Meester, American football center for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League, past FFA chapter president
Rebecca Podio, Miss Wyoming 2013
Bryant Reeves, retired American professional basketball player for the NBA's Vancouver Grizzlies
Carroll Shelby, American automotive designer, racing driver and entrepreneur
Chris Soules, The Bachelorette contestant and The Bachelor star, past Iowa FFA Member
Harry Stine, founder and owner of Stine Seed, past Iowa FFA Member
Mark Tauscher, American football Offensive Tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League
Notable historic events and milestones[edit]
Commemorative 25th anniversary Future Farmers of America postage stamp issued on October 13, 1953
1928: FFA is established
1929: National Blue and Corn Gold is adopted as official colors
1930: Official FFA creed adopted
1944: Future Farmers of America Foundation formed
1953: Future Farmers of America U.S. postage stamp issued by U.S. Postal Service
1965: African American New Farmers of America merged with FFA
1969: Girls are allowed to join FFA
1988: Official Name change from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization
2006: National FFA Foundation receives first $1 million contribution from Ford Motor Company.
2009: FFA celebrates 40 years of women in the organization.
2010: FFA members earn a record 3,449 American FFA Degrees.
2011: National FFA Alumni Association celebrates its 40th anniversary.
2013: Official FFA Jacket celebrates 80th anniversary.
2015: National FFA celebrates 50 years since NFA merged with the FFA.
2017: National FFA elects first Woman African-American National President, Ms. Breanna Holbert from the State of California.
See also[edit]
4-H
National Junior Horticultural Association
Texas FFA Association
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "FFA Mission and Motto". National FFA Organization.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax". Future Farmers of America. Guidestar. December 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Future Farmers of America State Associations & Local Chapter". Exempt Organizations Select Check. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Our Leadership". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "National FFA Organization and National FFA Foundation Name Mark Poeschl Chief Executive Officer". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Our Leadership". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "David Townsend: Bio". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who We Are". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Future Farmers to Meet Aug. 6-9: 1,000 Young Virginians Will Compete for Honors at Blacksburg". The Washington Post. 3 August 1929. p. 18.
Jump up ^ "FFA History". National FFA Organization. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "Statistics". National FFA Organization.
Jump up ^ "36 USC § 70901 – Organization". Federal Charter; Future Farmers of America is a federally chartered corporation. Legal Information Institute; Cornell Law School.
Jump up ^ "School-Based Agricultural Education" (PDF). National FFA Organization.
Jump up ^ "Career Development Events". National FFA Organization.
Jump up ^ "National FFA Organization - Home". www.ffa.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "National FFA Organization Announces National Convention and Expo Coming to Indianapolis 2016-2024". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "FFA Official Dress". National FFA Organization.
Jump up ^ Langstaff, Dave. "A Brief History of The FFA Jacket and The People Who Make It". Universal Lettering Company. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
Jump up ^ "FFA Official Dress PDF" (PDF). National FFA Organization.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cite error: The named reference FFA Official Dress was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jump up to: a b 105th U.S. Congress (August 12, 1998). "Public Law 105-225" (PDF). National FFA Organization. p. 6.
Jump up ^ "FFA Facts". Code of Ethics, Creed, Emblem, Mission, Motto, Name, Official Colors, Official Dress, Salute. Minnesota FFA Association. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b "The FFA Creed". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 2010-06-05. It was written in 1928
^ Jump up to: a b "FFA Career Development Events (CDE)". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
Jump up ^ "FFA Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE)". National FFA Organization. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National FFA Organization.
Official website
Archives of the National FFA Organization
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Future Farmers of America
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_FFA_Organization&oldid=866477026"
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Family Feud
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the American television game show. For other uses, see Family Feud (disambiguation).
Family Feud
Genre
Game show
Created by
Mark Goodson
Directed by
Paul Alter (1976–85, 1988–90)
Marc Breslow (1988–93)
Andy Felsher (1990–95)
Lenn Goodside (1999–02)
Ken Fuchs (2002–present)
Hugh Bartlett (2013–14)
Presented by
Richard Dawson (1976–85, 1994–95)
Ray Combs (1988–94)
Louie Anderson (1999–2002)
Richard Karn (2002–06)
John O'Hurley (2006–10)
Steve Harvey (2010–present)
Narrated by
Gene Wood (1976–85, 1988–95)
Burton Richardson (1999–2010)
Joey Fatone (2010–15)
Rubin Ervin (2015–present)
Theme music composer
Score Productions (1976–85, 1988–95, 2002–03, 2008–present)
Edd Kalehoff (1994–95)
John Lewis Parker (1999–2008)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Producer(s)
Howard Felsher (1976–85, 1988–95)
Cathy Dawson (1976–85)
Gary Dawson (1984–85, 1994–95)
Running time
22–26 minutes:
ABC (1976–85)
CBS (1988–92)
Syndicated (1977–85, 1988–95, 1999–present)
42–44 minutes:
ABC specials (1979–84, 2015–present)
CBS (1992–93)
Syndicated (1994–95)
Production company(s)
Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions (1976–82)
Mark Goodson Productions (1982–85, 1988–95, 1999–2002)
FremantleMedia (2002–present)
Distributor
Viacom (original) (1977–85)
LBS Communications (1988–91)
Tribune Entertainment (1999–2007)
20th Television/Debmar-Mercury (2007–present)
Release
Original network
ABC (1976–85, 2015–present)
CBS (1988–93)
NBC (2008)
Syndicated (1977–85, 1988–95, 1999–present)
Original release
July 12, 1976 (1976-07-12) – present
Chronology
Related shows
100 latinos dijeron
Celebrity Family Feud
¿Qué dice la gente?
External links
Website
www.familyfeud.com
Family Feud is an American television game show created by Mark Goodson where two families compete to name the most popular responses to survey questions in order to win cash and prizes. It is considered a spin-off of Match Game, whose panel included original host Richard Dawson.
The program premiered on ABC on July 12, 1976, and ran as part of its daytime schedule until June 14, 1985. The program was re-launched by CBS on July 4, 1988, and ran until September 10, 1993. Three separate editions for syndication were also produced. The first aired from September 19, 1977 to September 6, 1985. The second aired from September 19, 1988 to September 8, 1995. The current syndicated series premiered on September 20, 1999.
The ABC network version of the show and the first syndicated series were hosted by Richard Dawson. Ray Combs hosted the CBS series and the first six seasons of the accompanying syndicated version, then was replaced by Dawson for the final season. The 1999 syndicated series has been hosted by Louie Anderson (1999–2002), Richard Karn (2002–06), John O'Hurley (2006–10), and Steve Harvey (2010–present). Announcers for the series have included Gene Wood (1976–85, 1988–95), Burton Richardson (1999–2010, syndication; 2015–present, ABC), Joey Fatone (2010–15), and Rubin Ervin (2015–present).
The program has spawned multiple regional adaptations in over 50 international markets outside the United States. Within a year of its debut, the original version became the number one game show in daytime television; however, as viewing habits changed, the ratings declined. Harvey's takeover in 2010 increased Nielsen ratings significantly and eventually placed the program among the top five most popular syndicated television shows in the country. In 2013, TV Guide ranked Family Feud third in its list of the 60 greatest game shows of all time.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gameplay
1.1 Fast Money
1.2 Returning champions
1.3 Bullseye game
2 Hosts and announcers
3 Production
4 Broadcast history
4.1 1976–85
4.2 1988–95
4.3 1999–present
5 Reception
6 Merchandise
7 References
7.1 Works cited
8 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Two family teams of five contestants each compete to win cash and prizes. The original version of the show began with the families being introduced, seated opposite each other as if posing for family portraits, after which the host interviewed them.[1]
Each round begins with a "face-off" question that serves as a toss-up between two opposing contestants. The host asks a survey question that was previously posed to a group of 100 people (e.g., "Name the hour that you get up on Sunday mornings.").[2] A certain number of answers are concealed on the board, ranked by popularity of the survey's responses. Only answers that receive two or more responses can appear on the board. The first contestant to buzz-in gives an answer; if it is the most popular, his/her family immediately wins the face-off. Otherwise, the opponent responds and the family member providing the higher-ranked answer wins. Ties are broken in favor of the contestant who buzzes-in first. If neither contestant's answer is on the board, the other eight contestants have a chance to respond, one at a time from alternating sides, until an answer is found. The family that wins the face-off may choose to play the question or pass control to their opponents (except on the Combs version, when the family who won the face-off automatically gained control of the question).[2]
The family with control of the question then tries to win the round by guessing all of the remaining concealed answers, with each member giving one answer in sequence. Giving an answer not on the board, or failing to respond within the allotted time, earns one strike. If the family earns three strikes, their opponents are given one chance to steal the points for the round by guessing any still-concealed answer; failing to do so awards the points to the family that originally had control.[2] Any answers on the board that have not been guessed are then revealed.
While a family has control of a question, the members are not allowed to discuss possible answers with one another; each person must respond individually. However, the opposing family may confer in preparation for an attempt to steal, and their captain must respond for them when such an attempt is made.
Answers are worth one point for every person in the 100-member survey who gave them. The winning family in each round scores the total points for all revealed answers to that question, including those given during the face-off but excluding the one used to steal (if applicable). The number of answers on the board decreases from round to round, and as the game progresses, certain rounds are played for double or triple value. The first family to score 300 points wins the game and advances to the Fast Money bonus round for a chance to win a cash bonus. Until 1992, both teams received $1 per point scored.[1]
Prior to 1999, the game continued as normal until one family reached the necessary total to win. Since then, if neither team reaches the goal after four rounds (or, from 1999 to 2002, if both teams were tied with the same score after the final round), one last question is played for triple value with only the #1 answer displayed.
The goal of 300 points has been in place in almost every version of the rules. However, when the program premiered in 1976, the goal was 200 points. For the 1984–85 season of both the daytime and syndicated program, the goal was increased to 400 points.[3] For several seasons after the 1999 return to syndication, there was no specific point goal. Instead, four rounds were played, with the last for triple points and only one strike. The family with the most points after the fourth round won the game.
Fast Money[edit]
Two members of the winning family play Fast Money for a chance to win a cash bonus. One contestant is onstage with the host, while the other is sequestered backstage so that he/she cannot hear the first portion of the round. The first contestant is asked five rapid-fire survey questions and has a set time limit in which to answer them (originally 15 seconds, extended to 20 in 1994). The clock begins to run only after the first question is asked, and the first contestant may pass on a question and return to it after all five have been asked, if time remains.
After the first contestant has either answered all five questions or run out of time, the host reveals how many people in the survey matched each of his/her answers. The board is then cleared except for the total score, and the second contestant is then brought out to answer the same five questions. The same rules are followed, but the time limit is extended by five seconds (originally 20, then extended to 25); in addition, if the second contestant duplicates an answer given by the first, a buzzer sounds and he/she must answer again. If the two contestants reach a combined total of 200 points or more, the family wins the bonus. If not, they are given $5 per point scored as a consolation prize.[2]
The grand prize for winning Fast Money has varied. When the program aired in daytime, families played for $5,000.[4][5] The grand prize for syndicated episodes was $10,000 for much of its existence. In 2001, the prize was doubled to $20,000 at the request of then-host Louie Anderson.[6]
Returning champions[edit]
When Family Feud premiered on ABC, network rules dictated how much a family could win. Once any family reached $25,000, they were retired as champions.[7] The accompanying syndicated series that premiered in 1977 featured two new families each episode because of tape bicycling (a practice then common in syndicated television).
The CBS daytime and syndicated versions which began airing in 1988 also featured returning champions, who could appear for a maximum of five days.[8] For a brief period in the 1994–95 season which aired in syndication, there were no returning champions. For these episodes, two new families competed in this first half of each episode. The second half featured former champion families who appeared on Family Feud between 1975 and 1985, with the winner of the first half of the show playing one of these families in the second half.[9]
From 1999 to 2002, two new families appeared on each episode. The returning champions rule was reinstated with the same five-day limit starting with the 2002–03 season.[10] Starting with the 2009–10 season, a family that wins five matches also wins a new car.
Bullseye game[edit]
In June 1992, the CBS daytime edition of Feud expanded from thirty to sixty minutes and became known as Family Feud Challenge. As part of the change, a new round was added at the start of each game called "Bullseye". This round determined the potential Fast Money stake for each team.[11] Each team was given a starting value for their bank and attempted to come up with the top answer to a survey question to add to it. The Bullseye round was added to the syndicated edition in September 1992.
The first two members of each family appeared at the face-off podium and were asked a question to which only the number-one answer was available. Giving the top answer added the value for that question to the family's bank. The process then repeated with the four remaining members from each family. On the first half of the daytime version, families were staked with $2,500. The first question was worth $500, with each succeeding question worth $500 more than the previous, with the final question worth $2,500. This allowed for a potential maximum bank of $10,000. For the second half of the daytime version, and also on the syndicated version, all values were doubled, making the maximum potential bank $20,000. The team that eventually won the game played for their bank in Fast Money.
When Richard Dawson returned as host of the program in 1994, the round's name was changed to the "Bankroll" round.[12] Although the goal remained of giving only the number-one answer, the format was modified to three questions from five, with only one member of each family participating for all three questions. The initial stake for each family remained the same ($2,500 in the first half of the hour and $5,000 in the second). However, the value for each question was $500, $1,500 and $2,500 in the first half, with values doubling for the second half. This meant a potential maximum bank of $7,000 in the first half and $14,000 in the second.[12]
The Bullseye round temporarily returned during the 2009–10 season. It was played similarly as the format used from 1992 to 1994 on the syndicated version, with five questions worth from $1,000 to $5,000. However, each family was given a $15,000 starting stake, which meant a potential maximum of a $30,000 bank.
Hosts and announcers[edit]
The ABC and first syndicated versions of Family Feud were hosted by Richard Dawson. As writer David Marc put it, Dawson's on-air personality "fell somewhere between the brainless sincerity of Wink Martindale and the raunchy cynicism of Chuck Barris".[13] Dawson showed himself to have insistent affections for all of the female members of each family that competed on the show, regardless of age.[13] Writers Tim Brooks, Jon Ellowitz, and Earle F. Marsh owed Family Feud's popularity to Dawson's "glib familiarity" (he had previously played Newkirk on Hogan's Heroes) and "ready wit" (from his tenure as a panelist on Match Game).[1] The show's original announcer was Gene Wood,[14] with Johnny Gilbert and Rod Roddy serving as occasional substitutes.[15]
In 1988, Ray Combs took over Dawson's role as host on CBS and in syndication with Wood returning as announcer and Roddy, Art James, and Charlie O'Donnell serving in that role when Wood was not available.[15] Combs hosted the program until the daytime version's cancellation in 1993 and the syndicated version until the end of the 1993–94 season. Dawson returned to the show at the request of Mark Goodson Productions for the 1994–95 season.[16]
When Feud returned to syndication in 1999, it was initially hosted by Louie Anderson,[1] with Burton Richardson as the new announcer.[17] Richard Karn was selected to take over for Anderson when season four premiered in 2002,[1] and when season eight premiered in 2006, Karn was replaced by John O'Hurley.[1] In 2010, both O'Hurley and Richardson departed from the show; comedian Steve Harvey was named the new host for season twelve,[18] and a pre-recorded track of former 'N Sync member Joey Fatone's voice was used until 2015,[19] when Rubin Ervin, who has been a member of the production staff as the warmup man for the audience since Harvey took over, became the announcer. (Richardson still announces for Celebrity Family Feud.)
Production[edit]
The first four versions of the show were directed by Paul Alter and produced by Howard Felsher and Cathy Dawson. For the 1988 versions, Gary Dawson worked with the show as a third producer, and Alter was joined by two other directors, Marc Breslow and Andy Felsher.[15] The 1999 version's main staff include executive producer Gabrielle Johnston, supervising producers Kristin Bjorklund and Brian Hawley, and director Ken Fuchs; Johnston and Bjorklund previously worked as associate producers of the 1980s version.[20] The show's classic theme tune was written by an uncredited Walt Levinsky for Score Productions. The themes used from 1999 to 2008 were written by John Lewis Parker.[20] The production rights to the show were originally owned by the production company Goodson shared with his partner Bill Todman, but were sold to their current holder, FremantleMedia, when it acquired all of Goodson and Todman's works in 2002.[20]
Broadcast history[edit]
1976–85[edit]
Mark Goodson created Family Feud during the increasing popularity of his earlier game show Match Game, which set daytime ratings records in 1976, and on which Dawson had previously appeared as one of its most popular panelists. Match Game aired on CBS, and by 1976, CBS vice president Fred Silverman (who had originally commissioned Match Game) had moved to a new position as President of ABC. The show premiered on ABC's daytime lineup on July 12, 1976, and although it was not an immediate hit, before long it became a ratings winner and eventually surpassed Match Game to become the No. 1 game show in daytime.[21] It remained the most popular daytime game show until Merv Griffin's game show Wheel of Fortune surpassed it in 1984.[2] From 1978 until 1984, ABC periodically broadcast hour-long primetime "All-Star Specials", in which celebrity casts from various primetime lineup TV series competed instead of ordinary families.[1] The popularity of the program inspired Goodson to consider producing a nighttime edition, which launched in syndication on September 18, 1977. Like many other game shows at the time, the nighttime Feud aired once a week; it expanded to twice a week in January 1979,[2] and finally to five nights a week (Monday through Friday) in the fall of 1980. However, the viewing habits of both daytime and syndicated audiences were changing.[2] When Griffin launched Wheel's syndicated version, starring Pat Sajak and Vanna White, in 1983, that show climbed the ratings to the point where it unseated Feud as the highest-rated syndicated show;[22] the syndicated premiere of Wheel's sister show Jeopardy! with Alex Trebek as host also siphoned ratings from Feud with its early success.
Despite the ratings decline, there was some interest in keeping the show in production. In a 2011 interview, Dawson recalled a meeting with executives from Viacom Enterprises about keeping the show for one more season. Dawson was growing tired of the grueling taping schedule and initially wanted to stop altogether. After discussing the situation with ABC and Viacom, Dawson said that he would return for a final syndicated season of thirty-nine weeks of episodes but would not continue doing the daytime series. After this, Dawson did not hear from Viacom for approximately a week and once they contacted him again, Dawson was told that Viacom was no longer interested in continuing the syndicated Feud beyond the 1984–85 season.[23] Viacom made this official in January 1985 ahead of that year's NATPE convention, and within a few weeks, ABC decided that it too would not renew Feud for the 1985–86 season.[24] The daytime version came to an end on June 14, 1985.[2] The syndicated version aired its last new episode on May 17, 1985, and continued to air in reruns after that until September 6, 1985.[2]
1988–95[edit]
Family Feud moved to CBS with Combs hosting on July 4, 1988, replacing The $25,000 Pyramid. Like its predecessor, this version also had an accompanying syndicated edition which launched in September of that year.[1] In June 1992, the network version expanded from its original half-hour format to a full hour, and was retitled The Family Feud Challenge;[1] this new format featured three families per episode, which included two new families competing in the first half-hour for the right to play the returning champions in the second half. The Family Feud Challenge aired its final new episode on March 26, 1993, with reruns airing until September 10.[25] The syndicated Feud, meanwhile, remained in production and entered its sixth season in the fall of 1993.
However, the ratings picture was not particularly good for the syndicated edition. For much of its run to this point, the syndicated Feud had to deal with stations dropping the series or moving it to undesirable time slots such as overnights. By 1992, the ratings had hit a low point and by the time the sixth season premiered, distributor All American Television was threatening to cancel the series unless ratings improved and changes were made. The responsibility for this fell on Jonathan Goodson, who had taken over his father's company when Mark Goodson died in 1992. One of the options considered was a host change.[16]
When the revival launched in 1988, Mark Goodson had not even considered former host Richard Dawson to return due to lingering bad feelings between Dawson and the production team. After hiring Ray Combs, Goodson threw his loyalties behind him and refused to consider changing hosts despite the slipping ratings. However, the younger Goodson did not have the ties to Combs that his father did and felt that a change would at least require consideration. After meeting with his staff, Goodson offered Dawson a contract to return as host of the syndicated Feud and the semi-retired Dawson agreed to return. Combs finished out the remainder of the season but, upset by the decision to replace him, he departed from the studio as soon as he signed off on the final episode of his tenure.[16]
A revamped Family Feud returned for a seventh season in September 1994 with Dawson in his role as host. The show expanded from thirty to sixty minutes, reinstated the Family Feud Challenge format, and did various other things to try to improve the ratings of the show such as build a more modern-looking set, feature families that had previously been champions on the original Feud, and have more themed weeks. Although Dawson did bring a brief ratings surge when he came back, the show could not sustain it long term and Feud came to a conclusion at the end of the 1994–95 season.
1999–present[edit]
Family Feud returned in syndication on September 20, 1999, with comedian Louie Anderson as host.[26] After Richard Karn took over the show, the format was changed to reintroduce returning champions, allowing them to appear for up to five days. However, even after Karn's takeover, Anderson-hosted episodes continued in reruns that aired on PAX Network.[1] In John O'Hurley's later days, the show's Nielsen ratings were at 1.5 (putting it in danger of cancellation), but when comedian Steve Harvey took over, ratings increased by as much as 40%,[27] and within two short years, the show was rated at 4.0, and had become the fifth most popular syndicated program.[28] Fox News' Paulette Cohn argued that Harvey's "relatability," or "understanding of what the people at home want to know," is what saved the show from cancellation;[29] Harvey himself argued, "If someone said an answer that was so ridiculous, I knew that the people at home behind the camera had to be going, 'What did they just say?' … They gave this answer that doesn't have a shot in hell of being up there. The fact that I recognize that, that's comedic genius to me. I think that's [made] the difference."[29]
Since Harvey became host, Family Feud has regularly ranked among the top 10 highest-rated programs in all of daytime television programming and third among game shows (behind Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy!); in February 2014, the show achieved a 6.0 share in the Nielsen ratings, with approximately 8.8 million viewers.[30] In June 2015, Family Feud eclipsed Wheel of Fortune as the most-watched syndicated game show on television.[31]
Reruns of the Dawson and Combs hosted episodes have been included among Buzzr's acquisitions since its launch on June 1, 2015.[32] On June 13, 2016, American episodes hosted by Harvey began airing on the UK digital terrestrial and satellite channel Challenge.[33]
Production of Family Feud was shifted from Universal Orlando to Harvey's hometown of Atlanta in 2011, primarily at the Atlanta Civic Center. Harvey was also originating a syndicated radio show from Atlanta, and the state of Georgia also issued tax credits for the production. In 2017, production moved to Los Angeles Center Studios in Los Angeles to accommodate Harvey's new syndicated talk show Steve.[34][35][36][37]
Reception[edit]
Family Feud won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show in 1977, and the show has twice won the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Game Show Host, once with Dawson (1978) and again with Harvey (2014) and (2017).[38][39] Feud ranked number 3 on Game Show Network (GSN)'s 2006 list of the 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time,[40] and also on TV Guide's 2013 list of the 60 greatest game shows ever.[41]
Tara Ariano and Sarah D. Bunting, founders of the website Television Without Pity, wrote that they hated the 1999 syndicated version, saying "Give us classic Feud every time", citing both Dawson and Combs as hosts. Additionally, they called Anderson an "alleged sexual harasser and full-time sphere".[42]
It was reported that the public responded negatively to several videos posted on the official Family Feud web site in September 2015 in which contestants on the current version gave sexually explicit answers to survey questions.[43] Dan Gainor of the Media Research Center suggested that the responses are in line with sexual content becoming more commonplace on television.[43]
The popularity of Family Feud in the United States has led it to become a worldwide franchise, with over 50 adaptations outside the United States. Countries that have aired their own versions of the show include Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam, among others.
Merchandise[edit]
Since the show's premiere in 1976, many home versions of Family Feud have been released in various formats. Milton Bradley, Pressman Games, and Endless Games have all released traditional board games based on the show,[44][45] while Imagination Entertainment released the program in a DVD game format.[46]
The game has been released in other formats by multiple companies; Coleco Adam released the first computer version of the show in 1983, and Sharedata followed in 1987 with versions for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II computers.[47] GameTek released versions for Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Genesis, 3DO, and PC (on CD-ROM) between 1990 and 1995.[48] Hasbro Interactive released a version in 2000 for the PC and PlayStation.[49] In 2006, versions were released for PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance, and PC.[50] Seattle-based Mobliss Inc. also released a mobile version of Family Feud that was available on Sprint, Verizon, and Cingular.[51][52][53] Glu Mobile later released a newer mobile version of Family Feud for other carriers.[54]
Most recently, in conjunction with Ludia, Ubisoft has video games for multiple platforms. The first of these was entitled Family Feud: 2010 Edition and was released for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and PC in September 2009.[55] Ubisoft then released Family Feud Decades the next year, which featured sets and survey questions from television versions of all four decades the show has been on air.[56] A third game, entitled Family Feud: 2012 Edition was released for the Wii and Xbox 360 in 2011.[57]
In addition to the home games, a DVD set titled All-Star Family Feud was released on January 8, 2008 and featured a total of 15 celebrity episodes from the original ABC/syndicated versions on its four discs.[58] It was re-issued as The Best of All-Star Family Feud on February 2, 2010.[59]
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Works cited[edit]
Schwartz, David; Ryan, Steve & Wostbrock, Fred (1999). The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows (3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-3846-5.
External links[edit]
Official website
Current Production website
Family Feud (1976) on IMDb
All-Star Family Feud Special (1977) on IMDb
Family Feud (1988) on IMDb
Family Feud (1999) on IMDb
Celebrity Family Feud (2008) on IMDb
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International versions of Family Feud
Family Feud (U.S., Original)
Familetna (Algeria)
Family Feud (Australia, 1977)
Bert's Family Feud (Australia)
Family Feud (Australia, 2014)
All Star Family Feud (Australia)
La Guerre des clans (Canada)
Family Fortunes (Ireland)
100 mexicanos dijeron (Mexico)
Vijf tegen Vijf (Netherlands)
Family Feud (New Zealand)
Family Feud (Philippines)
Familiada (Poland)
FamiliaDA (Romania)
Sto k odnomu (Russia)
Family Fortunes (UK)
All Star Family Fortunes (UK)
Celebrity Family Feud (U.S.)
¿Qué dice la gente? (U.S., Spanish)
100 latinos dijeron (U.S., Spanish)
[show]
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Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show
Password (1974)
Hollywood Squares (1975)
The $20,000 Pyramid (1976)
Family Feud (1977)
Hollywood Squares (1978)
Hollywood Squares (1979)
Hollywood Squares / The $20,000 Pyramid (1980)
The $20,000 Pyramid (1981)
Password Plus (1982)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1983)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1984)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1985)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1986)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1987)
The Price Is Right (1988)
The $25,000 Pyramid (1989)
Jeopardy! (1990)
Jeopardy! (1991)
Jeopardy! (1992)
Jeopardy! (1993)
Jeopardy! (1994)
Jeopardy! (1995)
The Price Is Right (1996)
The Price Is Right (1997)
Jeopardy! (1998)
Win Ben Stein's Money (1999)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (2000)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (2001)
Jeopardy! (2002)
Jeopardy! (2003)
The Price Is Right (2004)
Jeopardy! (2005)
Jeopardy! (2006)
The Price Is Right (2007)
Cash Cab (2008)
Cash Cab (2009)
Cash Cab (2010)
Jeopardy! / Wheel of Fortune (2011)
Jeopardy! (2012)
The Price Is Right (2013)
Jeopardy! (2014)
Jeopardy! (2015)
The Price Is Right (2016)
Jeopardy! (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Family_Feud&oldid=800710709"
Categories:
Family Feud
1976 American television series debuts
1985 American television series endings
1988 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1999 American television series debuts
1970s American television series
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American Broadcasting Company network shows
American game shows
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Television series by CBS Television Studios
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Television series by FremantleMedia
Television series by Lionsgate Television
Television series by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions
Television series by Tribune Entertainment
Television series revived after cancellation
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