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List of lemur species
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The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is one of 105 recognized species and subspecies of lemur found only in Madagascar.
Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 grams (1.1 oz), and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9.5 kilograms (21 lb). However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur were formally recognized.[1] Of the 101 species and subspecies, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classified eight as Critically Endangered, 18 as Endangered, 15 as Vulnerable, four as Near Threatened, eight as Least Concern and 41 as Data Deficient; seven were yet to be evaluated.[2] From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected.[3] By 2014, the number of species and subspecies recognized had increased to 105; of these, the IUCN classified 24 as Critically Endangered, 49 as Endangered, 20 as Vulnerable, three as Near Threatened, three as Least Concern and four as Data Deficient; two were yet to be evaluated.
The number of lemur species is likely to continue growing in the coming years, as field studies, cytogenetic and molecular genetic research continues.[3] There is not complete agreement over the latest revisions to lemur taxonomy, with some experts preferring an estimated 50 lemur species.[4] The debates are likely to continue, as some scholars label the explosive growth of species numbers as taxonomic inflation. In many cases, classifications will ultimately depend upon which species concept is used.[5] In the case of the lemurs of Madagascar, which have suffered extensively from deforestation and habitat fragmentation, nearly 25% of all species are either Endangered or Critically Endangered, most have yet to be extensively studied, and nearly all populations are in decline. For these reasons, taxonomists and conservationists favor splitting them into separate species to develop an effective strategy for the conservation of the full range of lemur diversity.[3] Implicitly, this means that full species status will help grant genetically distinct populations added environmental protection.
At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[6][7] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[6] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[6] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[6]
There is strong evidence of extensive declines in extant populations since the introductions of humans, particularly among the larger and more specialized lemurs.[6] As long as habitats continue to shrink, degrade and fragment, extinctions are likely to continue.
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomic classification
2 Key
3 Extant species
3.1 Family: Cheirogaleidae
3.2 Family: Lemuridae
3.3 Family: Lepilemuridae
3.4 Family: Indriidae
3.5 Family: Daubentoniidae
4 Unconfirmed species
5 Extinct species
6 See also
7 Footnotes
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Taxonomic classification[edit]
Main article: Taxonomy of lemurs
Lemurs are classified under eight families, three of which are extinct:
The silky sifaka, one of the most endangered primates in the world.
Mouse lemurs are the smallest primates in the world.
As of 2014 there are 5 species and 3 subspecies of bamboo lemurs recognized.
Family: †Archaeolemuridae : monkey lemurs
Genus: †Archaeolemur (2 extinct species)
Genus: †Hadropithecus (1 extinct species)
Family: Cheirogaleidae
Genus: Allocebus: hairy-eared dwarf lemur (1 extant species)
Genus: Cheirogaleus: dwarf lemurs (8 extant species)
Genus: Microcebus: mouse lemurs (24 extant species)
Genus: Mirza: giant mouse lemurs (2 extant species)
Genus: Phaner: fork-marked lemurs (4 extant species)
Family: Daubentoniidae: aye-aye
Genus: Daubentonia (1 extant species, 1 extinct species)
Family: Indriidae
Genus: Avahi: woolly lemurs (9 extant species)
Genus: Indri: indri (1 extant species)
Genus: Propithecus: sifakas (9 extant species)
Family: Lemuridae
Genus: Eulemur: true lemurs (12 extant species)
Genus: Hapalemur: bamboo lemurs (5 extant species, 3 extant subspecies)
Genus: Lemur: ring-tailed lemur (1 extant species)
Genus: †Pachylemur (2 extinct species)
Genus: Prolemur: greater bamboo lemur (1 extant species)
Genus: Varecia: ruffed lemurs (2 extant species, 3 extant subspecies)
Family: Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
Genus: Lepilemur (26 extant species)
Family: †Megaladapidae: koala lemurs
Genus: †Megaladapis (3 extinct species)
Family: †Palaeopropithecidae: sloth lemurs
Genus: †Archaeoindris (1 extinct species)
Genus: †Babakotia (1 extinct species)
Genus: †Mesopropithecus (3 extinct species)
Genus: †Palaeopropithecus (3 extinct species)
The placement of lemurs within the order Strepsirrhini is currently under debate, although both sides agree upon the same phylogenetic tree.[8]
Order Primates
Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, galagos, and lorisids
Infraorder Lemuriformes
Superfamily Lemuroidea
Family †Archaeolemuridae
Family Cheirogaleidae
Family Daubentoniidae
Family Indriidae
Family Lemuridae
Family Lepilemuridae
Family †Megaladapidae
Family †Palaeopropithecidae
Superfamily Lorisoidea
Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
Key[edit]
Scientific name Latin binomial name, or Latin name, of the species
Common name Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005) or Mittermeier, et al. "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (2008) Family Family within the Suborder Strepsirrhini to which the species belongs
Classified Date in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Average size Average size of adult members of the species, in metric and English weight units
Estimated size Estimated Average size of adult members of the extinct species
Conservation status Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008
Extant species[edit]
Main article: Lemur
All lemurs belong to the suborder Strepsirrhini within the order Primates. The 101 extant species and subspecies are divided among 5 families and 15 genera. They range in weight from 30 g (1.1 oz) (Madame Berthe's mouse lemur) to as much as 9.5 kg (21 lb) (indri). Most are highly arboreal and activity patterns range widely from nocturnal to diurnal to cathemeral. Having diversified over millions of years to fill every ecological niche, diets also vary widely, though fruit, leaves, and insects make up the majority of the diet for most species.
Family: Cheirogaleidae[edit]
Family Cheirogaleidae consists of the mouse lemurs (smallest of all primates), the dwarf lemurs, and the fork-marked lemurs and their allies. There are 37 extant species.
The gray mouse lemur is one of as many as 21 tiny, nocturnal mouse lemur species.
Fork-marked lemurs are the among the largest of the cheirogaleids.
Scientific name
Common name
Classified
Average size
Conservation status
References
Allocebus trichotis Hairy-eared dwarf lemur 1875, Günther 00065 !65–90 g (2.3–3.2 oz) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][9][10][11]
Cheirogaleus crossleyi Furry-eared dwarf lemur 1870, A. Grandidier 00250 !250–500 g (8.8–17.6 oz)[d] 0 !
Data Deficient
[3][12][13][14][15]
Cheirogaleus lavasoensis Lavasoa dwarf lemur 2013, Thiele et al. 00350 !300 g (11 oz) -1 !Not Evaluated [16]
Cheirogaleus major Greater dwarf lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 00350 !350–400 g (12–14 oz) 0 !
Data Deficient
[3][17][18][19]
Cheirogaleus medius Fat-tailed dwarf lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 00120 !120–270 g (4.2–9.5 oz) 1 !
Least Concern
[3][20][21][22]
Cheirogaleus minusculus Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur 2000, Groves unknown 0 !
Data Deficient
[3][23][24][25]
Cheirogaleus sibreei Sibree's dwarf lemur 1896, Forsyth Major unknown 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][26][27][28]
Microcebus arnholdi Arnhold's mouse lemur 2008, E. Lewis, Jr. et al. 00049 !49.7 g (1.75 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[29]
Microcebus berthae Madame Berthe's mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 00030 !30 g (1.1 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][30][31][32]
Microcebus bongolavensis Bongolava mouse lemur 2007, Olivieri et al. 00054 !54 g (1.9 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][33][34]
Microcebus boraha Boraha mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al. [35]
Microcebus danfossi Danfoss' mouse lemur 2007, Olivieri et al. 00063 !63 g (2.2 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][36][37]
Microcebus ganzhorni Ganzhorn's mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al. [35]
Microcebus gerpi Gerp's mouse lemur 2012, Radespiel et al. 00068 !68 g (2.4 oz)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[38]
Microcebus griseorufus Reddish-gray mouse lemur 1910, Kollman 00046 !46–79 g (1.6–2.8 oz) 1 !
Least Concern
[3][39][40][41]
Microcebus jollyae Jolly's mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 00060 !60 g (2.1 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][42]
Microcebus lehilahytsara Goodman's mouse lemur 2005, Roos and Kappeler 00045 !45–48 g (1.6–1.7 oz) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][43][44]
Microcebus macarthurii MacArthur's mouse lemur 2008, Radespiel et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3]
Microcebus manitatra Manitatra mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al. [35]
Microcebus marohita Marohita mouse lemur 2013, Rasoloarison et al. 00089 !89 g (3.1 oz)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[45]
Microcebus mamiratra Claire's mouse lemur 2006, Andriantompohavana et al. 00078 !61 g (2.2 oz)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][46][47]
Microcebus margotmarshae Margot Marsh's mouse lemur 2006, Andriantompohavana et al. 00041 !41 g (1.4 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[29]
Microcebus mittermeieri Mittermeier's mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 00040 !40 g (1.4 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][48]
Microcebus murinus Gray mouse lemur 1777, Miller 00060 !60 g (2.1 oz) 1 !
Least Concern
[3][49][50][51]
Microcebus myoxinus Pygmy mouse lemur 1852, Peters 00043 !43–55 g (1.5–1.9 oz) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][52][53][54]
Microcebus ravelobensis Golden-brown mouse lemur 1998, Zimmerman et al. 00056 !56–87 g (2.0–3.1 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][55][56][57]
Microcebus rufus Brown mouse lemur 1834, É. Geoffroy 00040 !40–50 g (1.4–1.8 oz) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][58][59][60]
Microcebus sambiranensis Sambirano mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 00038 !38–50 g (1.3–1.8 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][61][62][63]
Microcebus simmonsi Simmons' mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 00078 !78 g (2.8 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][64]
Microcebus tanosi Anosy mouse lemur 2013, Rasoloarison et al. unknown -1 !Not Evaluated [45]
Microcebus tavaratra Northern rufous mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 00045 !45–77 g (1.6–2.7 oz) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][65][66][67]
Mirza coquereli Coquerel's giant mouse lemur 1867, A. Grandidier 00300 !300–320 g (11–11 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][68][69][70]
Mirza zaza Northern giant mouse lemur 2005, Kappeler & Roos 00287 !287–299 g (10.1–10.5 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][71][72]
Phaner electromontis Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 00350 !350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][73][74][75][76]
Phaner furcifer Masoala fork-marked lemur 1839, Blainville 00350 !350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d] 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][73][77][78][79]
Phaner pallescens Pale fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 00330 !330 g (12 oz) 4 !
Endangered
[3][80][81][82]
Phaner parienti Pariente's fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 00350 !350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][73][74][83][84]
Family: Lemuridae[edit]
Family Lemuridae consists of the ring-tailed lemur, the brown lemurs, the bamboo lemurs and the ruffed lemurs. There are 21 extant species and six subspecies.
The red-fronted lemur, like other brown lemurs, is sexually dichromatic (the sexes have different colorations).
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social and is the most popularly known lemur species.
Ruffed lemurs are the largest of the extant lemurids.
Scientific name
Common name
Classified
Average size
Conservation status
References
Eulemur albifrons White-fronted brown lemur 1796, É. Geoffroy 02200 !2.2–2.6 kg (4.9–5.7 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][85][86][87]
Eulemur cinereiceps[b] Gray-headed lemur 1890, Grandidier and Milne-Edwards 02000 !2–2.5 kg (4.4–5.5 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][88][89][90]
Eulemur collaris Collared brown lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 02250 !2.25–2.5 kg (5.0–5.5 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][91][92][93]
Eulemur coronatus Crowned lemur 1842, Gray 01100 !1.1–1.3 kg (2.4–2.9 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][94][95][96]
Eulemur flavifrons Blue-eyed black lemur 1867, Gray 01800 !1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][97][98]
Eulemur fulvus Common brown lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 02000 !2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb) 2 !
Near Threatened
[3][99][100][101]
Eulemur macaco Black lemur 1766, Linnaeus 02000 !2–2.9 kg (4.4–6.4 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][102][103][104]
Eulemur mongoz Mongoose lemur 1766, Linnaeus 01100 !1.1–1.6 kg (2.4–3.5 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][105][106][107]
Eulemur rubriventer Red-bellied lemur 1850, I. Geoffroy 01600 !1.6–2.4 kg (3.5–5.3 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][108][109][110]
Eulemur rufifrons[a] Red-fronted lemur 1833, Bennett 02200 !2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb) 2 !
Near Threatened
[3][111][112]
Eulemur rufus[a] Red lemur 1799, Audebert 02200 !2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][113]
Eulemur sanfordi Sanford's brown lemur 1932, Archbold 01800 !1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][114][115][116]
Hapalemur alaotrensis Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur 1975, Rumpler 01100 !1.1–1.4 kg (2.4–3.1 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][117][118][119]
Hapalemur aureus Golden bamboo lemur 1987, Meier et al. 01300 !1.3–1.7 kg (2.9–3.7 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][120][121][122]
Hapalemur griseus gilberti Beanamalao bamboo lemur 2007, Rabarivola et al. 00967 !0.967 kg (2.13 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[123][124]
Hapalemur griseus griseus Eastern lesser bamboo lemur 1795, Link 00700 !0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][125][126][127]
Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis Ranomafana bamboo lemur 2007, Rabarivola et al. 00700 !0.7–0.85 kg (1.5–1.9 lb) 0 !
Data Deficient
[128]
Hapalemur meridionalis Southern lesser bamboo lemur 1987, Warter, et al. 00750 !0.75–1.05 kg (1.7–2.3 lb)[d] 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][129][130][131][132]
Hapalemur occidentalis Western lesser bamboo lemur 1975, Rumpler 01000 !1 kg (2.2 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][133][134][135]
Lemur catta Ring-tailed lemur 1756, Linnaeus 02300 !2.3–3.5 kg (5.1–7.7 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][136][137][138]
Prolemur simus Greater bamboo lemur 1871, Gray 02200 !2.2–2.5 kg (4.9–5.5 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][139][140][141]
Varecia rubra Red ruffed lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 03300 !3.3–3.6 kg (7.3–7.9 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][142][143][144]
Varecia variegata editorum Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur 1953, Osman Hill 03100 !3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][145][146][147]
Varecia variegata subcincta White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur 1833, A. Smith 03100 !3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][148][149][150]
Varecia variegata variegata Black-and-white ruffed lemur 1792, Kerr 03100 !3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][151][152][153]
Family: Lepilemuridae[edit]
Family Lepilemuridae consists solely of the sportive lemurs. As of 2014, there are 26 extant species.
The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is one of 26 species of sportive lemur.
Scientific name
Common name
Classified
Average size
Conservation status
References
Lepilemur aeeclis Antafia sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 00765 !0.765–0.97 kg (1.69–2.14 lb)[d] 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][154][155]
Lepilemur ahmansonorum Ahmanson's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00610 !0.61 kg (1.3 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][156][157]
Lepilemur ankaranensis Ankarana sportive lemur 1975, Rumpler & Albignac 00750 !0.75 kg (1.7 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][158][159][160]
Lepilemur betsileo Betsileo sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 01150 !1.15 kg (2.5 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][161][162]
Lepilemur dorsalis Gray-backed sportive lemur 1870, Gray 00500 !0.5 kg (1.1 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][163][164][165]
Lepilemur edwardsi Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 01000 !1 kg (2.2 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][166][167][168]
Lepilemur fleuretae Fleurete's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00980 !0.98 kg (2.2 lb)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][169][170]
Lepilemur grewcockorum Grewcock's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00780 !0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][171][172]
Lepilemur hollandorum Holland's sportive lemur 2009, Ramaromilanto et al. 00990 !0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[173]
Lepilemur hubbardorum Hubbard's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00990 !0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][174][175]
Lepilemur jamesorum James' sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00780 !0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][176][177]
Lepilemur leucopus White-footed sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 00600 !0.6 kg (1.3 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][178][179][180]
Lepilemur microdon Small-toothed sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 00800 !0.8–1.0 kg (1.8–2.2 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][181][182][183]
Lepilemur milanoii Daraina sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00720 !0.72 kg (1.6 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][184][185]
Lepilemur mittermeieri Mittermeier's sportive lemur 2006, Rabarivola et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3][186]
Lepilemur mustelinus Weasel sportive lemur 1851, I. Geoffroy 01000 !1 kg (2.2 lb) 2 !
Near Threatened
[3][187][188][189]
Lepilemur otto Otto's sportive lemur 2007, Craul et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3][190]
Lepilemur petteri Petter's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00630 !0.63 kg (1.4 lb)[d] 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][191][192]
Lepilemur randrianasoloi Randrianasolo's sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 00660 !0.66–0.88 kg (1.5–1.9 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][193][194]
Lepilemur ruficaudatus Red-tailed sportive lemur 1867, A. Grandidier 00760 !0.76–0.95 kg (1.7–2.1 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][195][196][197]
Lepilemur sahamalazensis Sahamalaza sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 00687 !0.687–0.892 kg (1.51–1.97 lb)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][198][199]
Lepilemur scottorum Scott's sportive lemur 2008, Lei et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3]
Lepilemur seali Seal's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00950 !0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d] 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][200][201]
Lepilemur septentrionalis Northern sportive lemur 1975, Rumpler & Albignac 00750 !0.75 kg (1.7 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][202][203][204]
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni Hawks' sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00880 !0.88 kg (1.9 lb)[d] 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][205][206]
Lepilemur wrightae Wright's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 00950 !0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][207][208]
Family: Indriidae[edit]
Family Indriidae consists of the indri (the largest extant lemur), the woolly lemurs and the sifakas. There are 19 extant species.
The indri is one of the two largest extant lemurs.
Sifakas are vertical clingers and jumpers and are represented by 9 species.
Scientific name
Common name
Classified
Average size
Conservation status
References
Avahi betsileo Betsileo woolly lemur 2007, Andriantompohavana et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3][209]
Avahi cleesei Cleese's woolly lemur 2005, Thalmann and Geissmann 00830 !0.83 kg (1.8 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][210][211]
Avahi laniger Eastern woolly lemur 1788, Gmelin 00900 !0.9–1.3 kg (2.0–2.9 lb) 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][212][213][214]
Avahi meridionalis Southern woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3][215]
Avahi mooreorum Moore's woolly lemur 2008, Lei et al. unknown 4 !
Endangered
[3]
Avahi occidentalis Western woolly lemur 1898, von Lorenz-Liburnau 00700 !0.7–0.9 kg (1.5–2.0 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][216][217][218]
Avahi peyrierasi Peyrieras' woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][219]
Avahi ramanantsoavani Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown 3 !
Vulnerable
[3][220]
Avahi unicolor Sambirano woolly lemur 2000, Thalmann and Geissmann 00700 !0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb)[d] 4 !
Endangered
[3][221][222][223][224]
Indri indri Indri 1788, Gmelin 06000 !6–9.5 kg (13–21 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][225][226][227]
Propithecus candidus Silky sifaka 1871, A. Grandidier 05000 !5–6 kg (11–13 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][228][229][230]
Propithecus coquereli Coquerel's sifaka 1867, A. Grandidier 03700 !3.7–4.3 kg (8.2–9.5 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][231][232][233]
Propithecus coronatus Crowned sifaka 1871, Milne-Edwards 03500 !3.5–4.3 kg (7.7–9.5 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][234][235][236]
Propithecus deckenii Von der Decken's sifaka 1870, A. Grandidier 03000 !3–4.5 kg (6.6–9.9 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][237][238][239]
Propithecus diadema Diademed sifaka 1832, Bennett 06000 !6–8.5 kg (13–19 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][240][241][242]
Propithecus edwardsi Milne-Edwards' sifaka 1871, A. Grandidier 05000 !5–6.5 kg (11–14 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][243][244][245]
Propithecus perrieri Perrier's sifaka 1931, Lavauden 04300 !4.3–5 kg (9.5–11.0 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][246][247][248]
Propithecus tattersalli Golden-crowned sifaka 1988, Simons 03400 !3.4–3.6 kg (7.5–7.9 lb) 5 !
Critically Endangered
[3][249][250][251]
Propithecus verreauxi Verreaux's sifaka 1867, A. Grandidier 03000 !3–3.5 kg (6.6–7.7 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][252][253][254]
Family: Daubentoniidae[edit]
Family Daubentoniidae contains only one surviving species, of the aye-aye. Wide-ranging genetic studies have shown that it separated from the ancestral lemurs long before any other branch of the modern Lemuriformes.[3]
The aye-aye has many physical traits unique for a primate and is monotypic within its family.
Scientific name
Common name
Classified
Average size
Conservation status
References
Daubentonia madagascariensis Aye-aye 1788, Gmelin 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) 4 !
Endangered
[3][255][256][257]
Unconfirmed species[edit]
Reports of new species continue to trickle in from the field. However, these reports require further scientific evaluation before their claims can be verified.

Extinct species[edit]
Main article: Subfossil lemur
All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[258] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.
Scientific name
Common name
Family
Estimated size
Extinction date
References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160000 !160–200 kg (350–440 lb) 1600 CE [259][260][261]
Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 015000 !15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [262][263]
Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 015000 !15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [262][263]
Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 016000 !16–20 kg (35–44 lb) 3050 BCE[c] [259][260]
Daubentonia robusta Giant aye-aye Daubentoniidae 014000 !14 kg (31 lb) 891–1027 CE [264][265]
Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 027000 !27–35 kg (60–77 lb) 444–772 CE [262][263]
Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 040000 !40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [266][267]
Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 040000 !40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [266][267]
Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 040000 !40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [266][267]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 010000 !10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [259][260]
Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 010000 !10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [259][260]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 010000 !10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [259][260]
Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 011500 !11.5 kg (25 lb) 680–960 CE [268]
Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 013000 !13 kg (29 lb) unknown [268]
Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 027000 !25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [259][260]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 035000 !35 kg (77 lb) unknown [7]
Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 027000 !25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [259][260]
See also[edit]
List of mammals of Madagascar
List of primates
Footnotes[edit]
a In 2008, the red lemur, Eulemur rufus, was split into two species, Eulemur rufus (red lemur) and Eulemur rufifrons (red-fronted lemur). Also, Eulemur rufus was previously known as the red-fronted lemur, but was renamed the red lemur, while Eulemur rufifrons assumed its former name.[3]
b Formerly referred to as Eulemur albocollaris or white-collared brown lemur, but was changed in 2008.[3]
c This extinction date for Babakotia radofilai is based on a single radiocarbon date from one specimen. For this reason, it is hard to tell when this species became extinct or how it is related to other lemur species.[259]
d Average weights reported for this species are based on very small sample sizes or are general ranges for its genus and thus require further research.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 101–103
Jump up ^ Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 86–87
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx Mittermeier, R. A.; Ganzhorn, J. U.; Konstant, W. R.; Glander, K.; Tattersall, I.; Groves, C. P.; Rylands, A. B.; Hapke, A.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Mayor, M. I.; Louis, E. E.; Rumpler, Y.; Schwitzer, C.; Rasoloarison, R. M. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (PDF). International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y.
Jump up ^ Yoder, A.D. (2007). "Lemurs: a quick guide" (PDF). Current Biology. 17 (20): 866–868. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.050. PMID 17956741.
Jump up ^ Tattersall, I. (2007). "Madagascar's Lemurs: Cryptic diversity or taxonomic inflation?" (PDF). Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 16 (1): 12–23. doi:10.1002/evan.20126.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
^ Jump up to: a b Gommery, D.; Ramanivosoa, B.; Tombomiadana-Raveloson, S.; Randrianantenaina, H.; Kerloc'h, P. (2009). "A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North-West of Madagascar (Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Primates)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 8 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001. Lay summary (27 May 2009).
Jump up ^ Cartmill 2010, pp. 10–30
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 130–135
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Allocebus trichotis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 158–159
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 103–104
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Thiele, D.; Razafimahatratra, E.; Hapke, A. (2013). "Discrepant partitioning of genetic diversity in mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs – biological reality or taxonomic bias?". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 593–609. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.019. PMID 23899779.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 155–157
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus major". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Cheirogaleus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 160–163
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus medius". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Louis, E. E.; Engberg, S. E.; McGuire, S. M.; McCormick, M. J.; Randriamampionona, R.; Ranaivoarisoa, J. F.; Bailey, C. A.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Lei, R. (2008). "Revision of the mouse lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of northern and northwestern Madagascar with descriptions of two new species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23: 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus berthae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Microcebus bongolavensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hotaling, Scott; Foley, Mary E.; Lawrence, Nicolette M.; Bocanegra, Jose; Blanco, Marina B.; Rasoloarison, Rodin; Kappeler, Peter M.; Barrett, Meredith A.; Yoder, Anne D.; Weisrock, David W. (2016). "Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs". Molecular Ecology. 25: 2029–2045. doi:10.1111/mec.13604. PMID 26946180.
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Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Microcebus danfossorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Radespiel, U.; Ratsimbazafy, J. H.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Raveloson, H.; Andriaholinirina, N.; Rakotondravony, R.; Randrianarison, R. M.; Randrianambinina, B. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates. 53 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2. PMID 22198090.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus griseorufus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Microcebus jollyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Roos, C.; Kappeler, P.; Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Microcebus lehilahytsara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Rasoloarison, R. M.; Weisrock, D. W.; Yoder, A. D.; Rakotondravony, D.; Kappeler, P. M. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34: 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. Lay summary – Tiny Lemur Twins Are 2 New Species; Live Science (26 March 2013).
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Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Microcebus mamiratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus murinus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. murinus Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference Check |url= value (help) (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. Microcebus murinus. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus myoxinus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus ravelobensis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Microcebus ravelobensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus rufus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Microcebus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus sambiranensis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Microcebus tavaratra". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Mirza coquereli". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Garbutt, pp. 111–114
^ Jump up to: a b Mittermeier, pp. 181–182
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Phaner electromontis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Phaner furcifer". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
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Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V.N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur macaco ssp. flavifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
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Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Eulemur fulvus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 October 2008. Listed as Near Threatened (NT v3.1)
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 288–290
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Eulemur macaco". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur macaco". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 300–302
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Eulemur mongoz". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur mongoz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 294–296
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Eulemur rubriventer". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur rubriventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 275–277
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V.N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur rufifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Eulemur rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 285–287
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Eulemur sanfordi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Eulemur sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 222–225
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 228–230
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Hapalemur aureus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 326–327
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2010). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. gilberti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Hapalemur griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 216–219
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Hapalemur griseus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 328–331
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 226–227
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 140
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Hapalemur meridionalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Hapalemur meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 220–221
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Hapalemur occidentalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Hapalemur occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 246–249
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lemur catta". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 234–236
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Prolemur simus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 321–323
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Varecia rubra". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Varecia rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 6 Oct 2008.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 317–318
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Varecia variegata editorum". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Varecia variegata ssp. editorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 319–320
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Varecia variegata subcincta". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Varecia variegata ssp. subcincta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 315–316
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Varecia variegata variegata". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Varecia variegata ssp. variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 130–131
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur aeeclis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 131
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur ahmansonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 204–205
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 116–117
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 202–203
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur dorsalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Lepilemur edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 200–201
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur edwardsi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 120
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur fleuretae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 128
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur grewcockorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Ramaromilanto, B.; Lei, R.; Engberg, S.E.; Johnson, S.E.; Sitzmann, B.D.; Louis Jr., E.E. (2009). "Sportive lemur diversity at Mananara-Nord Biosphere Reserve, Madagascar" (PDF). Occasional Papers. Museum of Texas Tech University (286): 1–22. ISSN 0149-175X. OCLC 424383680. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 134
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur hubbardorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 118–119
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur jamesorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 196–197
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur leucopus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur leucopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 194–195
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur microdon". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 122
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur milanoii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur mittermeieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 192–193
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur mustelinus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Lepilemur mustelinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur otto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 134–135
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur petteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, p. 132
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur randrianasoloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 198–199
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 127–128
Jump up ^ Olivieri, G.; Schwitzer, C.; Schwitzer, N.; Craul, M. (2008). "Lepilemur sahamalazensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 120–121
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur seali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 206–207
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 126–127
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur tymerlachsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 119–120
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Lepilemur wrightae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Avahi betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 339–340
Jump up ^ Thalmann, U.; Geissmann, T.; Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Avahi cleesei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 332–334
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Avahi laniger". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Avahi laniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Avahi meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 335–336
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Avahi occidentalis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Avahi occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Avahi peyrierasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Avahi ramanantsoavanai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 337–338
Jump up ^ Garbutt, pp. 180–181
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Avahi unicolor". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Avahi unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 399–403
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Indri indri". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 383–387
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus candidus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 370–372
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus coquereli". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 367–369
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus coronatus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 364–366
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus deckenii". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus deckenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 376–379
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus diadema". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 380–382
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus edwardsi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 388–390
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus perrieri". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 373–375
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus tattersalli". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 360–363
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Propithecus verreauxi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; Andriaholinirina, V. N.; Feistner, A.; Felix, T.; Ganzhorn, J.; Garbutt, N.; Golden, C.; Konstant, B.; Louis Jr., E.; Meyers, D.; et al. (2008). "Propithecus verreauxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, pp. 410–415
Jump up ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
Jump up ^ Andrainarivo, C.; et al. (2008). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, p. 23
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Mittermeier, pp. 44–46
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Nowak, pp. 89–91
Jump up ^ William L. Jungers; Laurie R. Godfrey; Elwyn L. Simons & Prithijit S. Chatrath (1997-10-28). "Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae)". PNAS. 94 (22): 11998–12001. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998. PMC 23681  . PMID 11038588.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mittermeier, p. 43
^ Jump up to: a b c Nowak, pp. 91–92
Jump up ^ Mittermeier, p. 50
Jump up ^ Nowak, p. 92
^ Jump up to: a b c Mittermeier, pp. 46–49
^ Jump up to: a b c Nowak, p. 83
^ Jump up to: a b Godfrey, Jungers & Burney 2010, p. 354, 361.
References[edit]
Cartmill, M. (2010). "Chapter 2: Primate Classification and Diversity". In Platt, M.; Ghazanfar, A. Primate Neuroethology. Oxford University Press. pp. 10–30. ISBN 978-0-19-532659-8.
Garbutt, N. (2007). Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-0-300-12550-4.
Godfrey, L.R.; Jungers, W.L.; Burney, D.A. (2010). "Chapter 21: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4.
Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar. Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. ISBN 978-1-934151-23-5. OCLC 670545286.
Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Primates of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6251-5.
External links[edit]
Too Many New Lemur Species? – Interview with Anne Yoder, Director of the Duke Lemur Center
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v
t
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Lemurs
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Families
Archaeolemuridae (monkey lemurs)
Cheirogaleidae
Daubentoniidae (aye-ayes)
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Megaladapidae (koala lemurs)
Palaeopropithecidae (sloth lemurs)
Topics
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Lemurs of Madagascar
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