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FIFA World Cup qualification
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For the current qualifying tournament, see 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification.
The FIFA World Cup qualification is the process that a national association football team goes through to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals. The FIFA World Cup is the largest international team sport competition in the world with a qualification process required to reduce the large field of countries from 211 to just 32 for the World Cup finals until the 2022 edition.
Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), and are organized by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides beforehand the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the continental zones, based on the numbers or relative strength of the confederations' teams.
The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth. Unlike many other sports, results of the previous World Cups or of the continental championships are not taken into account. Until 2002, the defending champions also received an automatic berth, but starting from the 2006 World Cup this is no longer the case.
The current qualification process is the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification which commenced in 2015 and will finish in late 2017.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Qualification spots by continent
1.2 Qualification competition entrants over time
1.3 First appearance in qualification by team
1.4 National teams results in World Cup preliminary competition (1934–2018)
1.5 Top scorers in preliminary competition (1934–2018)
1.6 First games and goalscorers in preliminary competition (1934–2018)
2 Current format
2.1 Africa
2.2 Asia
2.3 Europe
2.4 North and Central America and Caribbean
2.5 Oceania
2.6 South America
2.7 Intercontinental play-offs
3 Qualification tournament rules
3.1 Groups
3.2 Home-and-away ties
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Over many years, the World Cup's qualification has evolved, from having no qualification at all in 1930, when the tournament was invitational and only 13 teams entered, to the current two-year process. The first World Cup qualifying match was played on 11 June 1933 when Sweden defeated Estonia 6–2 in Stockholm. The first ever goal in a World Cup qualifying match was scored 7 minutes into the game: it was scored according to some sources by Swedish captain Knut Kroon, or according to other sources by Estonian goalkeeper Evald Tipner (own goal).
While the number of teams which qualified for the finals has increased steadily, from 16 between 1934 and 1978, to 24 between 1982 and 1994, and finally to 32 starting from 1998, the qualification format has been basically the same throughout the history of the World Cup. The teams have been grouped continentally, and they competed for a fixed number of places, with one or two places awarded to the winners of intercontinental play-offs.
Qualification spots by continent[edit]
The table below lists the numbers of spots allocated by FIFA for each continent in each tournament. If no places were allocated to a continent, such as in the case of Oceania prior to 1966 and Africa in 1950, this does not indicate an exclusion of those continents by FIFA, but rather that no country of those continents made an entry to the aforementioned Cups.[1]
A large part of Africa was under colonial rule during part of the 20th century, mainly the first half of the century. As of 1954, only 3 African countries were affiliated to FIFA: Egypt, in 1923, Sudan, in 1948, and Ethiopia, in 1952.[2] Sudan and Ethiopia made entries for no Cup prior to 1958. Egypt made entries for the 1934, 1938 and 1954 Cups, though not for the 1930 and 1950 Cups. Though an African country, Egypt entered in 1938 and 1954 in the European group, therefore the table below gives no data about Africa for these two Cups.
Places in the intercontinental play-offs count as 0.5 spots. Numbers in bold represent the winners of the intercontinental play-offs. "+C" denotes an additional spot for defending champions. "+H" denotes an additional spot for hosts.
Places allocated for continents
Continental zone
1934

(16)
1938

(15)1
1950

(13)2
1954

(16)
1958

(16)
1962

(16)
1966

(16)
1970

(16)
1974

(16)
1978

(16)
1982

(24)
1986

(24)
1990

(24)
1994

(24)
1998

(32)
2002

(32)
2006

(32)6
2010

(32)
2014

(32)
2018

(32)
2022

(32)
2026

(48)
Africa
1 0 0.53 0.54 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 5
+H 5 5 5 9
Asia
1 12 1 0.54 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3.5 2.5
+2H 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 +H 8
Oceania
Did Not Exist 0.5 0.5 0.255 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1
Europe
12 111
+C+H 72
+C 11
+H 9.53
+C+H 8+4
2×0.5 9
+H 8
+C 8.5
+H 8.5
+C 13
+H 12.5
+C 13
+H 12
+C 14
+H 13.5
+C 13
+H 13 13 13
+H 13 16
North and Central America
and Caribbean
1 1 2 1 1 0.5 1 1
+H 1 1 2 1
+H 2 1.255
+H 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 6
South America
2 1 4
+H 1
+C 3 3.5
+C+H 3
+C 3 2.5
+C 2.5
+H 3
+C 4 2.5
+C 3.55 4
+C 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
+H 4.5 4.5 6
Play-Off Tournament
Did Not Exist 2
Total 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 24 24 24 24 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 48
1 In 1938, Austria withdrew after qualifying after being annexed by Germany and were not replaced, so only 15 teams, 12 of them European, played in the finals.
2 In 1950, India, Scotland, and Turkey withdrew after qualifying and were not replaced, so only 13 teams, none of them Asian and 6 of them European, played in the finals.
3 Initially in 1958, Africa and Asia together were given 1 spot, while Europe was given 9 spots. However, after Israel won the African and Asian zone without playing any matches, because of withdrawals of other teams, a special play-off was arranged between them and a European team (Wales). So in effect, Africa and Asia together were given 0.5 spots, while Europe was given 9.5 spots.
4 In 1962, Europe was given 8 automatic spots, plus 2 additional spots in the intercontinental play-offs, in effect giving them 9 spots. The two European teams played an African team and an Asian team respectively, and both European teams won. Therefore, 10 European teams played in the finals.
5 In 1994, there were two rounds of intercontinental play-offs. First, an Oceanian team played a team from North and Central America and Caribbean, and the winner then played a South American team.
6 From the 2006 qualifiers on, the defending champion no longer has an automatic spot secured.
Qualification competition entrants over time[edit]
The number of teams entering the qualification process and the number of matches played have been steadily growing over time. Though an African country, Egypt entered in 1938 and 1954 into the European group, therefore being zero the below indicator as for Africa in these years.
Number of teams entering qualification (including automatic qualifiers)
Continental zone
1934

(16)
1938

(15)
1950

(13)
1954

(16)
1958

(16)
1962

(16)
1966

(16)
1970

(16)
1974

(16)
1978

(16)
1982

(24)
1986

(24)
1990

(24)
1994

(24)
1998

(32)
2002

(32)
2006

(32)
2010

(32)
2014

(32)
2018

(32)
2022

(32)
2026

(48)
Africa 3 0 0 0 11 6 21 13 24 26 29 29 26 40 38 51 51 53 52 54
Asia 2 4 3 5 7 18 22 21 27 26 29 36 42 39 43 43 46
Oceania1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 7 10 10 12 11 11 11
Europe 21 26 19 29 29 30 33 31 33 32 34 33 33 39 50 51 52 53 53 54
North and Central America
and Caribbean2 4 7 3 5 6 8 10 14 14 17 15 18 16 23 30 35 34 35 35 35
South America 4 2 8 6 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
Total entrants 32 37 34 45 55 56 74 75 99 107 109 121 116 147 174 199 198 2054 204 210
Teams played3 27 21 19 33 46 49 51 68 90 95 103 110 103 130 168 193 194 2004 203 208
Matches played 27 22 26 57 89 92 127 172 226 252 306 308 314 497 643 777 847 853 828 849
Goals scored 141 96 121 208 341 325 393 542 620 723 797 801 735 1446 1922 2452 2464 2344 2303 2410
Average goals per match 5.22 4.36 4.65 3.65 3.83 3.53 3.09 3.15 2.74 2.87 2.60 2.60 2.34 2.91 2.99 3.16 2.91 2.75 2.81 2.84
1 Because the Oceania Football Confederation has used the World Cup Qualifiers as a phase of (or as the entire) OFC Nations Cup, there is the possibility that non-FIFA countries may play in matches that double as World Cup qualifiers. In the 2006 qualifiers, New Caledonia were included in the tournament although they were not FIFA members at the date of close of entries. They are, however, included in the 12 nations listed as they joined FIFA during the course of qualification, even though they had been technically eliminated from contention a few days earlier (a similar situation occurred in the entries for 2010, with Montenegro's entry accepted prior to their admission by FIFA). By contrast, Tuvalu competed in the 2007 South Pacific Games Football tournament, which doubled as qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup. As they were not FIFA members at the time of the completion of the competition, they are not included in the 11 OFC entrants, although their results counted towards the qualification of other teams.
2 From 1973 to 1989, the CONCACAF Championship and its qualifying tournament were used to determine CONCACAF's entrant in the World Cup. The confederation's champion qualified outright.
3 "Teams played" is the total number of teams that played at least one qualifying match.
4 This number includes Tuvalu (see note 1) and South Africa. Although South Africa qualified automatically for 2010 as hosts, they competed in the CAF qualifiers, becoming the first hosts to compete in World Cup qualifying since 1934. This is because the Confederation of African Football used its 2010 World Cup qualifiers as the qualifying phase for the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, a tournament for which South Africa had attempted to qualify.
First appearance in qualification by team[edit]
Note: Only teams that played at least one match are considered for the purposes of first appearance. Teams that withdrew prior to the qualification, or that qualified to the World Cup by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals, are not considered.
World Cup
Europe
South America
North, Central America and Caribbean
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Total

1934 Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia[A]
Estonia
France
Germany[B]
Greece
Hungary
Irish Free State[C]
Italy[D]
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Yugoslavia[E] none Cuba
Haiti
Mexico
United States Palestine, British Mandate[F] Egypt[G] none 27

1938 Finland
Latvia
Norway none none none none none 3

1950 England
Ireland[H]
Scotland
Turkey[I]
Wales none none Syria none none 6

1954 Saar Brazil[J]
Chile[K]
Paraguay[L] none Japan[M]
South Korea none none 6

1958 Denmark
East Germany
Iceland
Soviet Union[N] Argentina[O]
Bolivia[P]
Colombia[Q]
Peru[R]
Uruguay[S] Canada
Costa Rica[T]
Guatemala
Territory of Curaçao[U] China PR
Indonesia[V] Sudan none 16

1962 Cyprus[W] Ecuador[X] Dutch Guyana[Y]
Honduras none Ethiopia
Ghana
Morocco
Nigeria
Tunisia none 9

1966 Albania Venezuela[Z] Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago North Korea none Australia 6

1970 none none Bermuda
El Salvador[AA] none Algeria[AB]
Cameroon[AC]
Libya[AD]
Rhodesia[AE]
Senegal[AF]
Zambia New Zealand 9

1974 Malta none Antigua and Barbuda
Puerto Rico Hong Kong
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Malaysia
South Vietnam[AG]
Thailand Congo
Dahomey[AH]
Guinea[AI]
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Mauritius
Sierra Leone
Tanzania
Togo
Zaire[AJ] none 21

1978 none none Barbados
Dominican Republic
Guyana
Panama Bahrain
Qatar
Republic of China[AK]
Saudi Arabia
Singapore Malawi
Mauritania
Niger
Uganda
Upper Volta[AL] none 14

1982 none none Grenada Macau Gambia
Liberia[AM]
Madagascar[AN]
Mozambique
Somalia Fiji 8

1986 none none none Bangladesh
Brunei
Jordan
India[AO]
Nepal
North Yemen[AP]
South Yemen
United Arab Emirates[AQ] Angola none 9

1990 none none none Oman[AR]
Pakistan Gabon[AS] none 3

1994 Faroe Islands
San Marino none Nicaragua
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Lebanon[AT]
Sri Lanka[AU] Botswana
Burundi
Namibia
South Africa
Swaziland Solomon Islands
Tahiti
Vanuatu 15

1998 Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Georgia
Liechtenstein[AV]
Macedonia
Moldova
Slovakia
Slovenia
Ukraine none Aruba
Belize
Cayman Islands
Dominica
Saint Kitts and Nevis Cambodia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Maldives[AW]
Philippines[AX]
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda[AY] Cook Islands
Papua New Guinea
Tonga
Western Samoa[AZ] 31

2002 Andorra none Anguilla
Bahamas[BA]
British Virgin Islands
Montserrat
Turks and Caicos Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands Guam
Laos
Mongolia
Palestine Cape Verde
Central African Republic[BB]
Chad
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Mali[BC]
São Tomé and Príncipe[BD]
Seychelles American Samoa 21

2006 none none none Afghanistan none New Caledonia 2

2010 Montenegro none none Myanmar[BE]
Timor-Leste Comoros Tuvalu[BF] 5

2014 none none none none none none 0

2018 Gibraltar
Kosovo none none Bhutan[BG] South Sudan none 4
Total
215[BH]
Notes
^ The Czechoslovakia team was officially renamed as the Representation of Czechs and Slovaks during the 1994 qualification, and was then succeeded by the Czech Republic (first appearance: 1998).
^ Germany was later succeeded by West Germany (first appearance: 1954), which in turn was succeeded by the reunified Germany (first appearance: 1994).
^ The Irish Free State was later succeeded by Ireland (first appearance: 1950), which later became officially known as the Republic of Ireland (first appearance: 1954).
^ Italy had to qualify for the tournament despite being the host.
^ The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was later succeeded by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (first appearance: 1950), which was then succeeded by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (first appearance: 1998), which was later renamed as Serbia and Montenegro (first appearance: 2006), which in turn was succeeded by Serbia (first appearance: 2010).
^ Mandatory Palestine was later succeeded by Israel (first appearance: 1950).
^ Egypt was later succeeded by the United Arab Republic, a political union between Egypt and Syria, which entered the 1962 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches. Later, Egypt entered the 1966 qualification independently but still under the name "United Arab Republic", but withdrew yet again before playing any matches. The team's first appearance after it changed its name back to Egypt came in 1974.
^ Ireland was later succeeded by Northern Ireland (first appearance: 1954).
^ Turkey entered the 1934 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Brazil entered the 1934 and 1938 qualifications, but on both occasions qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals. It also qualified automatically for the 1950 World Cup as host.
^ Chile entered the 1934 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches. It also entered the 1950 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals.
^ Paraguay entered the 1950 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals.
^ Japan entered the 1938 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ The Soviet Union was later succeeded by Russia (first appearance: 1994).
^ Argentina entered the 1934 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals. It also entered the 1938 and 1950 qualifications, but on both occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Bolivia entered the 1950 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals.
^ Colombia entered the 1938 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Peru entered the 1934, 1950 and 1954 qualifications, but on all three occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Uruguay entered the 1950 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals. It also qualified automatically for the 1954 World Cup as defending champion.
^ Costa Rica entered the 1938 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ The Territory of Curaçao (six islands) was later succeeded by the Netherlands Antilles (first appearance: 1962), which in turn was succeeded by Curaçao (one island; first appearance: 2014).
^ Indonesia entered the 1938 qualification as Dutch East Indies, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals. It also entered the 1950 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Cyprus entered the 1958 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Ecuador entered the 1950 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Dutch Guyana entered the 1938 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches. It was later succeeded by Suriname (first appearance: 1978).
^ Venezuela entered the 1958 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ El Salvador entered the 1938 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Algeria entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Cameroon entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Libya entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Rhodesia was later succeeded by Zimbabwe (first appearance: 1982).
^ Senegal entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ South Vietnam was later succeeded by Vietnam (first appearance: 1994).
^ Dahomey was later renamed as Benin (first appearance: 1986).
^ Guinea entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Zaire was renamed as DR Congo during the 1998 qualification.
^ The Republic of China entered the 1954 and 1958 qualifications, but on both occasions withdrew before playing any matches. It later became officially known as Chinese Taipei (first appearance: 1982).
^ Upper Volta was later renamed as Burkina Faso (first appearance: 1990).
^ Liberia entered the 1966 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Madagascar entered the 1974 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ India entered the 1950 qualification, but qualified by walkover due to other teams' withdrawals, and subsequently withdrew from participation in the finals. It also entered the 1974 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ North Yemen was later succeeded by Yemen (first appearance: 1994).
^ The United Arab Emirates entered the 1978 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Oman entered the 1986 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Gabon entered the 1966 and 1974 qualifications, but on both occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Lebanon entered but was disqualified during the 1986 qualification, and the team's matches from that campaign were annulled.
^ Sri Lanka entered the 1974 and 1978 qualifications, but on both occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Liechtenstein entered the 1994 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ The Maldives entered the 1990 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ The Philippines entered the 1950 and 1974 qualifications, but on both occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Rwanda entered the 1990 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Western Samoa entered the 1994 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches. It was later renamed as Samoa (first appearance: 2002).
^ The Bahamas entered the 1998 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ The Central African Republic entered the 1978 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches. It also entered the 1982 qualification, but was disqualified before playing any matches.
^ Mali entered the 1966, 1994 and 1998 qualifications, but on all three occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ São Tomé and Príncipe entered the 1994 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Myanmar entered the 1950 (as Burma), 1994 and 2002 qualifications, but on all three occasions withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Tuvalu was not a member of FIFA at the time of qualification and had not entered the FIFA World Cup, although matches in the Football tournament of the South Pacific Games did count towards the qualification tournament for the OFC, and Tuvalu's results did count in determining advancement from this stage.
^ Bhutan entered the 2010 qualification, but withdrew before playing any matches.
^ Confederation subtotals are not given because a few teams have appeared in World Cup qualifiers in multiple confederations.
National teams results in World Cup preliminary competition (1934–2018)[edit]
Legend
Team has won the World Cup
Team has qualified for the main tournament through a qualifying process
Team has qualified for the main tournament only by walkover (Cuba, and Indonesia as Dutch East Indies)
Team has qualified for the main tournament by walkover but hasn't participated there because it withdrew (India)
Team hasn't qualified for the main tournament but is assured of an automatic spot in 2022 as host (Qatar)
Team hasn't qualified for the main tournament
Defunct team that has qualified for the main tournament (East Germany)
Defunct team that never qualified for the main tournament (Saar and South Yemen)
Team is not a member of FIFA and is not eligible for the main tournament (Tuvalu)
Teams in bold are still participating in the 2018 qualification. The table is updated to matches played in October 2017.
Team
App's[n 1]
Overall qualification record
Points[n 2]
Confederation
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Total
Avg
Mexico 16 175 113 37 25 436 126 +310 376 2.149 CONCACAF
Costa Rica 16 172 85 43 44 295 176 +119 298 1.733 CONCACAF
South Korea 14 135 82 36 17 264 86 +178 282 2.089 AFC
Australia 14 139 81 35 23 359 112 +247 278 2.000 AFC
Netherlands 18 125 82 24 19 296 93 +203 270 2.160 UEFA
Spain 18 117 81 25 11 276 76 +200 268 2.291 UEFA
Iran 10 128 78 34 16 267 81 +186 268 2.094 AFC
United States 18 154 77 36 41 266 181 +85 267 1.734 CONCACAF
Portugal 20 139 76 33 30 262 139 +123 261 1.878 UEFA
Argentina 13 136 75 36 25 235 127 +108 261 1.919 CONMEBOL
Sweden 19 129 79 20 30 266 121 +145 257 1.992 UEFA
Serbia (2010—)
Serbia and Montenegro (2006)
FR Yugoslavia (1998–2002)
SFR Yugoslavia (1950–1990)
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1934–1938) 19 128 75 31 22 269 114 +155 256 2.000 UEFA
Belgium 19 133 77 25 31 277 141 +136 256 1.925 UEFA
Czech Republic (1998—)
Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (1994)
Czechoslovakia (1934–1994) 19 138 75 29 34 266 116 +150 254 1.841 UEFA
England 16 112 76 25 11 275 67 +208 253 2.259 UEFA
Uruguay 16 154 69 42 43 218 164 +54 249 1.617 CONMEBOL
Italy 16 107 74 25 8 221 68 +153 247 2.308 UEFA
Honduras 14 148 69 39 40 254 170 +84 246 1.662 CONCACAF
Russia (1994—)
Soviet Union (1958–1990) 15 115 73 23 19 227 75 +152 242 2.104 UEFA
Germany (1994—)
West Germany (1954–1990)
Germany (1934–1938) 14 94 74 18 2 292 70 +222 240 2.553 UEFA
Brazil 12 110 68 30 12 240 70 +170 234 2.127 CONMEBOL
Saudi Arabia 11 118 68 28 22 232 93 +139 232 1.966 AFC
Japan 14 120 68 26 26 247 85 +162 230 1.917 AFC
Paraguay 17 154 66 30 58 201 189 +12 228 1.481 CONMEBOL
Romania 17 128 67 26 35 223 134 +89 227 1.773 UEFA
Switzerland 19 130 63 32 35 204 146 +58 221 1.700 UEFA
France 17 111 65 23 23 216 88 +128 218 1.964 UEFA
El Salvador 13 140 63 28 49 233 168 +65 217 1.550 CONCACAF
Colombia 16 152 57 46 49 180 159 +21 217 1.428 CONMEBOL
China PR 11 108 66 16 26 230 74 +156 214 1.981 AFC
Scotland 18 125 62 28 35 192 136 +56 214 1.712 UEFA
Chile 15 146 61 29 56 217 195 +22 212 1.452 CONMEBOL
Republic of Ireland (1954—)
Ireland (1950)
Irish Free State (1934–1938) 20 139 56 42 41 198 164 +34 210 1.511 UEFA
Bulgaria 19 129 60 27 42 209 177 +32 207 1.605 UEFA
Austria 18 123 59 28 36 212 136 +76 205 1.667 UEFA
Nigeria 14 103 58 29 16 175 77 +98 203 1.971 CAF
Poland 18 117 60 21 36 228 143 +85 201 1.718 UEFA
Denmark 15 120 57 29 34 207 140 +67 200 1.667 UEFA
Hungary 18 122 58 26 38 216 163 +53 200 1.639 UEFA
Tunisia 14 103 57 27 19 180 84 +96 198 1.922 CAF
Trinidad and Tobago 14 137 55 27 55 201 183 +18 192 1.401 CONCACAF
Greece 19 126 54 28 44 158 167 −9 190 1.508 UEFA
Morocco 14 110 50 38 22 148 80 +68 188 1.709 CAF
Guatemala 15 122 49 31 42 194 150 +44 178 1.459 CONCACAF
Canada 14 117 48 34 35 161 136 +25 178 1.521 CONCACAF
New Zealand 13 94 53 17 24 221 97 +124 176 1.872 OFC
Cameroon 13 86 51 21 14 142 64 +78 174 2.023 CAF
Egypt 14 92 52 18 22 164 88 +76 174 1.891 CAF
Ecuador 15 143 47 33 63 169 202 −33 174 1.217 CONMEBOL
Qatar 11 112 50 22 40 181 121 +60 172 1.536 AFC
Iraq 11 101 48 24 29 201 103 +98 168 1.663 AFC
Uzbekistan 6 94 49 19 26 177 95 +82 166 1.766 AFC
Turkey 17 128 47 24 57 176 187 −11 165 1.289 UEFA
Northern Ireland (1954—)
Ireland (1950) 18 132 43 35 54 149 160 −11 164 1.242 UEFA
Norway 18 126 44 30 52 170 178 −8 162 1.286 UEFA
Peru 16 147 42 36 69 162 211 −49 162 1.102 CONMEBOL
Kuwait 12 93 48 14 31 160 92 +68 158 1.699 AFC
Zambia 13 95 45 19 31 143 86 +57 154 1.621 CAF
Israel (1950—)
Palestine, British Mandate (1934–1938) 20 122 40 34 48 166 178 −12 154 1.262 UEFA
Ivory Coast 11 77 41 25 11 144 65 +79 148 1.922 CAF
United Arab Emirates 9 97 42 20 35 161 111 +50 146 1.505 AFC
Bolivia 16 150 39 29 82 177 284 −107 146 0.973 CONMEBOL
Ghana 13 82 40 21 21 131 65 +66 141 1.720 CAF
Algeria 13 88 39 23 26 123 91 +32 140 1.591 CAF
Jamaica 11 104 37 27 40 115 132 −17 138 1.327 CONCACAF
Wales 18 120 37 26 57 151 170 −19 137 1.142 UEFA
North Korea 10 83 39 19 25 116 77 +39 136 1.639 AFC
Haiti 14 90 39 17 34 152 120 +32 134 1.489 CONCACAF
Syria 14 84 36 20 28 174 97 +77 128 1.524 AFC
Ukraine 6 70 35 22 13 108 52 +56 127 1.814 UEFA
Croatia 6 60 35 17 8 104 46 +58 122 2.033 UEFA
DR Congo (1998—)
Zaire (1974–1998) 10 75 35 17 23 125 83 +42 122 1.627 CAF
Finland 19 129 32 23 74 134 287 −153 119 0.922 UEFA
Bahrain 10 88 31 25 32 105 94 +11 118 1.341 AFC
Guinea 12 74 35 10 29 113 94 +19 115 1.554 CAF
Slovakia 6 64 32 14 18 110 64 +46 110 1.719 UEFA
Oman 8 70 29 19 22 115 70 +45 106 1.514 AFC
Panama 11 94 27 22 45 104 157 −53 103 1.096 CONCACAF
Iceland 13 106 28 19 59 116 215 −99 103 0.972 UEFA
Venezuela 13 140 25 25 90 120 314 −194 100 0.714 CONMEBOL
Jordan 9 70 28 14 28 105 92 +13 98 1.400 AFC
Bosnia and Herzegovina 6 58 28 10 20 112 69 +43 94 1.621 UEFA
Senegal 12 61 24 22 15 86 55 +31 94 1.541 CAF
Angola 9 61 24 22 15 79 57 +22 94 1.541 CAF
South Africa 7 48 28 8 12 65 41 +24 92 1.917 CAF
Slovenia 6 62 25 15 22 81 68 +13 90 1.452 UEFA
Thailand 12 89 24 18 47 116 156 −40 90 1.011 AFC
Burkina Faso (1990—)
Upper Volta (1978) 8 59 25 10 24 83 78 +5 85 1.441 CAF
Kenya 12 68 23 16 29 77 91 −14 85 1.250 CAF
Hong Kong 12 73 23 14 36 91 128 −37 83 1.137 AFC
Cuba 12 68 20 20 28 85 102 −17 80 1.176 CONCACAF
Zimbabwe (1982—)
Rhodesia (1970) 10 61 21 16 24 62 75 −13 79 1.295 CAF
Togo 10 63 21 14 28 68 86 −18 77 1.222 CAF
Libya 10 55 21 12 22 63 62 +1 75 1.364 CAF
Congo 9 61 21 12 28 69 82 −13 75 1.230 CAF
East Germany 9 47 22 8 17 87 65 +22 74 1.574 defunct
Gabon 8 56 21 10 25 57 65 −8 73 1.304 CAF
Indonesia (1958—)
Dutch East Indies (1938) 12 71 19 16 36 87 143 −56 73 1.028 AFC
Solomon Islands 7 54 21 9 24 112 113 −1 72 1.333 OFC
Latvia 8 75 19 15 41 82 130 −48 72 0.960 UEFA
Lebanon 7 56 19 14 23 87 77 +10 71 1.268 AFC
Suriname (1978—)
Dutch Guyana (1962–1974) 14 65 19 14 32 91 111 −20 71 1.092 CONCACAF
Fiji 9 53 20 10 23 111 98 +13 70 1.321 OFC
Albania 12 104 18 14 72 72 188 −116 68 0.654 UEFA
Singapore 11 68 19 10 39 74 121 −47 67 0.985 AFC
Lithuania 9 73 17 16 40 59 111 −52 67 0.918 UEFA
New Caledonia 4 35 18 8 9 87 36 +51 62 1.771 OFC
Malaysia 12 59 16 14 29 69 111 −42 62 1.051 AFC
Sudan 12 64 15 17 32 56 101 −45 62 0.969 CAF
Tahiti 7 43 17 8 18 66 81 −15 59 1.372 OFC
Estonia 9 76 16 11 49 65 166 −101 59 0.776 UEFA
Malawi 10 58 14 16 28 56 83 −27 58 1.000 CAF
Cyprus 15 114 15 13 86 87 299 −212 58 0.509 UEFA
Liberia 9 58 15 12 31 39 84 −45 57 0.983 CAF
Curaçao (2014—)
Netherlands Antilles (1962–2010)
Territory of Curaçao (1958) 16 60 13 18 29 53 116 −63 57 0.950 CONCACAF
Turkmenistan 6 40 17 5 18 64 59 +5 56 1.400 AFC
Bermuda 7 36 15 9 12 76 46 +30 54 1.500 CONCACAF
Macedonia 6 60 14 12 34 71 102 −31 54 0.900 UEFA
Uganda 9 41 15 8 18 40 56 −16 53 1.293 CAF
Mali 5 39 14 10 15 50 52 −2 52 1.333 CAF
Belarus 6 58 13 12 33 61 97 −36 51 0.879 UEFA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7 58 14 8 36 77 170 −93 50 0.862 CONCACAF
Yemen (1994—)
North Yemen (1986–1990) 9 50 12 11 27 52 80 −28 47 0.940 AFC
Kazakhstan 6 60 12 11 37 71 128 −57 47 0.783 UEFA
Tajikistan 6 36 13 7 16 63 55 +8 46 1.278 AFC
Benin (1986—)
Dahomey (1974) 8 44 13 7 24 46 89 −43 46 1.045 CAF
Madagascar 9 36 12 8 16 45 51 −6 44 1.222 CAF
Antigua and Barbuda 10 42 13 5 24 66 93 −27 44 1.048 CONCACAF
Armenia 6 62 10 14 38 52 122 −70 44 0.710 UEFA
Georgia 6 56 9 16 31 51 89 −38 43 0.768 UEFA
Cape Verde 5 33 13 3 17 34 42 −8 42 1.273 CAF
Sierra Leone 10 45 11 9 25 39 69 −30 42 0.933 CAF
Saint Kitts and Nevis 6 30 11 8 11 64 54 +10 41 1.367 CONCACAF
India 8 43 10 11 22 43 87 −44 41 0.953 AFC
Montenegro 3 30 10 10 10 47 43 +4 40 1.333 UEFA
Kyrgyzstan 6 31 12 4 15 38 49 −11 40 1.290 AFC
Ethiopia 11 41 10 10 21 47 65 −18 40 0.976 CAF
Vanuatu 7 37 12 3 22 76 89 −13 39 1.054 OFC
Vietnam (1994—)
South Vietnam (1974) 8 41 11 3 27 43 81 −38 36 0.878 AFC
Namibia 7 42 9 9 24 37 82 −45 36 0.857 CAF
Dominican Republic 8 29 10 5 14 42 50 −8 35 1.207 CONCACAF
Botswana 6 34 10 5 19 33 52 −19 35 1.029 CAF
Azerbaijan 6 58 7 14 37 29 104 −75 35 0.603 UEFA
Barbados 8 37 10 4 23 35 73 −38 34 0.919 CONCACAF
Mozambique 8 34 8 8 18 30 50 −20 32 0.941 CAF
Niger 7 30 9 5 16 27 48 −21 32 1.067 CAF
Bangladesh 9 48 9 5 34 33 122 −89 32 0.667 AFC
Palestine 5 26 8 7 11 46 37 +9 31 1.192 AFC
Tanzania 9 33 7 10 16 35 50 −15 31 0.939 CAF
Samoa (2002—)
Western Samoa (1998) 6 26 9 1 16 37 88 −51 28 1.077 OFC
Faroe Islands 7 70 7 7 56 34 184 −150 28 0.400 UEFA
Papua New Guinea 4 22 7 6 9 43 36 +7 27 1.227 OFC
Belize 6 26 7 6 13 32 54 −22 27 1.038 CONCACAF
Rwanda 6 36 6 9 21 29 54 −25 27 0.750 CAF
Guyana 10 34 7 6 21 36 81 −45 27 0.794 CONCACAF
Moldova 6 58 5 12 41 35 115 −80 27 0.466 UEFA
Luxembourg 20 134 5 10 119 69 433 −364 25 0.187 UEFA
Grenada 7 25 7 3 15 49 54 −5 24 0.960 CONCACAF
Burundi 6 20 7 3 10 17 26 −9 24 1.200 CAF
Gambia 8 24 6 6 12 20 36 −16 24 1.000 CAF
Maldives 6 32 7 2 23 36 120 −84 23 0.719 AFC
Nicaragua 7 22 7 1 14 25 44 −19 22 1.000 CONCACAF
Saint Lucia 7 24 7 1 16 32 62 −30 22 0.917 CONCACAF
Tonga 6 22 7 1 14 23 82 −59 22 1.000 OFC
Chinese Taipei (1982—)
Republic of China (1978) 11 58 6 4 48 35 200 −165 22 0.379 AFC
Puerto Rico 9 25 5 6 14 22 55 −33 21 0.840 CONCACAF
Chad 5 16 6 1 9 15 23 −8 19 1.187 CAF
Swaziland 7 19 4 4 11 15 39 −24 16 0.842 CAF
Nepal 7 30 4 4 22 23 100 −77 16 0.533 AFC
Malta 12 102 2 10 90 33 300 −267 16 0.157 UEFA
Bahamas 5 14 4 3 7 20 43 −23 15 1.071 CONCACAF
Philippines 4 21 4 3 14 16 57 −41 15 0.714 AFC
Sri Lanka 7 31 3 6 22 21 75 −54 15 0.484 AFC
Equatorial Guinea 5 20 4 2 14 17 36 −19 14 0.700 CAF
Lesotho 7 24 2 8 14 14 51 −37 14 0.583 CAF
Aruba 6 16 4 1 11 23 42 −19 13 0.812 CONCACAF
Dominica 6 20 3 4 13 15 54 −39 13 0.650 CONCACAF
Laos 4 26 3 3 20 23 124 −101 12 0.462 AFC
Liechtenstein 6 60 2 6 52 23 185 −162 12 0.200 UEFA
Myanmar 3 14 3 2 9 11 38 −27 11 0.786 AFC
Macau 9 35 3 2 30 15 165 −150 11 0.314 AFC
Afghanistan 4 14 3 1 10 10 45 −35 10 0.714 AFC
Cook Islands 6 20 3 1 16 16 63 −47 10 0.500 OFC
American Samoa 5 18 3 1 14 11 136 −125 10 0.556 OFC
Mauritania 6 16 2 3 11 13 31 −18 9 0.562 CAF
U.S. Virgin Islands 5 15 3 0 12 8 80 −72 9 0.600 CONCACAF
Cambodia 5 26 2 3 21 16 90 −74 9 0.346 AFC
Andorra 5 52 2 3 47 14 162 −148 9 0.173 UEFA
Timor-Leste 3 14 2 2 10 11 55 −44 8 0.571 AFC
Guinea-Bissau 6 12 1 4 7 8 19 −11 7 0.583 CAF
São Tomé and Príncipe 4 8 2 1 5 4 22 −18 7 0.875 CAF
Guam 2 10 2 1 7 3 51 −48 7 0.700 AFC
Mauritius 7 18 1 3 14 14 49 −35 6 0.333 CAF
Bhutan 1 10 2 0 8 8 53 −45 6 0.600 AFC
Cayman Islands 6 16 0 5 11 6 35 −29 5 0.313 CONCACAF
Saar 1 4 1 1 2 4 8 −4 4 1.000 defunct
Central African Republic 3 10 1 1 8 8 21 −13 4 0.400 CAF
Mongolia 5 14 1 1 12 6 51 −45 4 0.286 AFC
Djibouti 4 13 1 1 11 6 56 −50 4 0.308 CAF
Pakistan 8 30 0 4 26 12 118 −106 4 0.133 AFC
Eritrea 4 8 0 3 5 3 16 −13 3 0.375 CAF
Comoros 3 8 0 3 5 4 18 −14 3 0.375 CAF
Somalia 6 11 0 3 8 1 26 −25 3 0.273 CAF
British Virgin Islands 5 10 0 3 7 7 34 −27 3 0.300 CONCACAF
Turks and Caicos Islands 5 10 1 0 9 6 46 −40 3 0.300 CONCACAF
Brunei 3 14 1 0 13 3 59 −56 3 0.214 AFC
Seychelles 5 14 0 2 12 6 36 −30 2 0.143 CAF
San Marino 7 66 0 2 64 11 310 −299 2 0.030 UEFA
South Yemen 1 2 0 1 1 4 7 −3 1 0.500 defunct
South Sudan 1 2 0 1 1 1 5 −4 1 0.500 CAF
Tuvalu 1 4 0 1 3 2 22 −20 1 0.250 OFC
Kosovo 1 10 0 1 9 3 24 −21 1 0.100 UEFA
Montserrat 5 9 0 1 8 8 45 −37 1 0.111 CONCACAF
Anguilla 5 10 0 1 9 2 41 −39 1 0.100 CONCACAF
Gibraltar 1 10 0 0 10 3 47 −44 0 0.000 UEFA
Footnotes
^ Only qualifying campaigns are counted where the team played at least one match that was not annulled.
^ The three points for a win system is used. Note that these columns do not represent any official rankings.
Top scorers in preliminary competition (1934–2018)[edit]
Players in bold are still active.
#
Nation
Player
Goals
Games
played
Goal
ratio
Qualification tournaments
1 Carlos Ruiz 39 47 0.75 2002 (8 goals), 2006 (10), 2010 (6), 2014 (6), 2018 (9)
2 Ali Daei 35 50 0.70 1994 (7 goals), 1998 (9), 2002 (10), 2006 (9)
3 Cristiano Ronaldo 30 38 0.79 2006 (7 goals), 2014 (8), 2018 (15)
4 Karim Bagheri 28 29 0.97 1998 (19 goals), 2002 (8), 2010 (1)
5 Kazu Miura 27 25 1.08 1994 (13 goals), 1998 (14)
6 Andriy Shevchenko 26 40 0.65 1998 (4 goals), 2002 (10), 2006 (6), 2010 (6)
7 Tim Cahill 25 36 0.69 2006 (7 goals), 2010 (4), 2014 (3), 2018 (11)
8 Carlos Pavón 25 37 0.68 1998 (2 goals), 2002 (15), 2006 (1), 2010 (7)
9 Edin Džeko 24 31 0.77 2010 (9 goals), 2014 (10), 2018 (5)
10 Jared Borgetti 23 24 0.96 2002 (6 goals), 2006 (14), 2010 (3)
11 Robert Lewandowski 21 28 0.75 2010 (2 goals), 2014 (3), 2018 (16)
12 Paulo Wanchope 21 37 0.57 1998 (6 goals), 2002 (7), 2006 (8)
13 Lionel Messi 21 45 0.47 2010 (4 goals), 2014 (10), 2018 (7)
14 Luis Suárez 21 48 0.44 2010 (5 goals), 2014 (11), 2018 (5)
15 Archie Thompson 20 15 1.33 2002 (16 goals), 2006 (2), 2014 (2)
16 Stern John 20 49 0.41 1998 (3 goals), 2002 (3), 2006 (12), 2010 (2)
17 Vaughan Coveny 19 19 1.00 1998 (4 goals), 2002 (9), 2006 (6)
18 Emmanuel Sanon 19 20 0.95 1974 (11 goals), 1978 (8)
19 Pauleta 19 24 0.79 2002 (8 goals), 2006 (11)
20 Zlatan Ibrahimović 19 29 0.66 2002 (1 goal), 2006 (8), 2010 (2), 2014 (8)
21 Hernán Crespo 19 33 0.58 1998 (3 goals), 2002 (9), 2006 (7)
22 Didier Drogba 18 19 0.95 2006 (9 goals), 2010 (6), 2014 (3)
23 Moumouni Dagano 18 24 0.75 2002 (1 goal), 2006 (5), 2010 (12)
24 Samuel Eto'o 18 29 0.62 2002 (3 goals), 2006 (4), 2010 (9), 2014 (2)
25 Raúl Díaz Arce 18 29 0.62 1994 (2 goals), 1998 (9), 2002 (7)
26 Marcelo Salas 18 32 0.56 1998 (11 goals), 2002 (4), 2006 (1), 2010 (2)
27 Robbie Keane 18 37 0.49 2002 (2 goals), 2006 (4), 2010 (6), 2014 (6)
28 Clint Dempsey 18 43 0.42 2010 (5 goals), 2014 (8), 2018 (5)
29 Iván Zamorano 17 11 1.54 1990 (1 goal), 1998 (12), 2002 (4)
30 Deon McCaulay 17 16 1.06 2010 (2 goals), 2014 (11), 2018 (4)
31 Dimitar Berbatov 17 24 0.71 2002 (6 goals), 2006 (8), 2010 (5)
32 Alexander Frei 17 25 0.68 2002 (5 goals), 2006 (7), 2010 (5)
33 Alvaro Saborio 17 41 0.41 2006 (3 goals), 2010 (6), 2014 (8)
(update of FIFA World Cup 2018 qualifiers in progress, last update: 11 October 2017)
First games and goalscorers in preliminary competition (1934–2018)[edit]
World Cup
First game
First goal

1934 11 June 1933; Sweden 6–2 Estonia 11 June 1933; Knut Kroon for Sweden vs. Estonia

1938 16 June 1937; Sweden 4–0 Finland 16 June 1937; Lennart Bunke for Sweden vs. Finland

1950 2 June 1949; Sweden 3–1 Republic of Ireland 2 June 1949; Davy Walsh for Republic of Ireland vs. Sweden

1954 9 May 1953; Yugoslavia 1–0 Greece 9 May 1953; Frane Matošić for Yugoslavia vs. Greece

1958 30 September 1956; Austria 7–0 Luxembourg 30 September 1956; Gerhard Hanappi for Austria vs. Luxembourg

1962 21 August 1960; Costa Rica 3–2 Guatemala 21 August 1960; unknown

1966 24 May 1964; Netherlands 2–0 Albania 24 May 1964; Daan Schrijvers for Netherlands vs. Albania

1970 19 May 1968; Austria 7–1 Cyprus 19 May 1968; Erich Hof for Austria vs. Cyprus

1974 14 November 1971; Malta 0–2 Hungary 14 November 1971; Ferenc Bene for Hungary vs. Malta

1978 4 April 1976; Panama 3–2 Costa Rica 4 April 1976; Javier Jiménez for Costa Rica vs. Panama

1982 26 March 1980; Israel 0–0 Northern Ireland
26 March 1980; Cyprus 2–3 Republic of Ireland 26 March 1980; Paul McGee for Republic of Ireland vs. Cyprus

1986 2 May 1984; Cyprus 1–2 Austria 2 May 1984; Martin Gisinger for Austria vs. Cyprus

1990 17 April 1988; Guyana 0–4 Trinidad and Tobago 17 April 1988; Paul Elliot-Allen for Trinidad and Tobago vs. Guyana

1994 21 March 1992; Dominican Republic 0–4 Puerto Rico 21 March 1992; Marcos Lugris for Puerto Rico vs. Dominican Republic

1998 10 March 1996; Dominica 3–3 Antigua and Barbuda 10 March 1996; Anthony Dominique for Dominica vs. Antigua and Barbuda

2002 4 March 2000; Trinidad and Tobago 5–0 Netherlands Antilles
4 March 2000; Honduras 3–0 Nicaragua 4 March 2000; Marvin Andrews for Trinidad and Tobago vs. Netherlands Antilles

2006 6 September 2003; Ecuador 2–0 Venezuela 6 September 2003; Giovanny Espinoza for Ecuador vs. Venezuela

2010 25 August 2007; Tahiti 0–1 New Caledonia 25 August 2007; Pierre Wajoka for New Caledonia vs. Tahiti

2014 15 June 2011; Montserrat 2–5 Belize 15 June 2011; Deon McCauley for Belize vs. Montserrat

2018 12 March 2015; Timor-Leste 4–1 Mongolia 12 March 2015; Chiquito do Carmo for Timor-Leste vs. Mongolia
Current format[edit]
Currently, 32 places are available in the final tournament. One of them is reserved for the host nation, but if two or more nations host the competition jointly, each is awarded a place. From 1934 to 2002, one berth was reserved for the winners of the previous World Cup. In November 2001, FIFA announced that the defending champion would no longer get automatic entry to the subsequent tournament, starting with the 2006 finals. This decision was made to address the issue of the returning champions being at a disadvantage to their fellow competitors due to having not played a competitive match in the previous two years.[3] The problem was amply demonstrated at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, as returning champions France tumbled out in the first round, finishing bottom of their group without scoring a single goal. 2002 winner Brazil qualified for 2006 at the top of their qualifiers group. However, Italy, defending champions from 2006, finished bottom of their group in 2010, despite playing in the qualifying matches. At Brazil 2014, 2010 champions Spain finished third in their group and failed to advance to the Round of 16, despite having qualified as first in their group.
FIFA decides beforehand the number of spots awarded to each of the continental zones. For the 2018 World Cup, the following numbers are being used:[4]
UEFA (Europe) – 13 berths, plus the host Russia
CAF (Africa) – 5 berths
AFC (Asia) – 4 berths
CONMEBOL (South America) – 4 berths
CONCACAF (North and Central America and Caribbean) – 3 berths
2 berths for the winners of intercontinental play-offs between the best team from the OFC (Oceania), as well as additional teams from the AFC, CONMEBOL and CONCACAF. The pairings for these play-offs were determined by an open draw.
The number of berths allocated per continent is widely debated, with the main point of contention being the extent to which berths should be allocated to regions based on sheer population vs. talent. A historically weaker continent, Africa has called for more places, as they are allocated only five in comparison to Europe's 13.[5] In early October 2016, it was announced that the World Cup would have featured 40 teams starting with the 2026 tournament,[6] then FIFA President Gianni Infantino stated his support for a 48-team World Cup,[7] mainly to address African concerns. On 10 January 2017, the FIFA Council voted unanimously to expand the World Cup to a 48 team tournament that will open with a group stage consisting of 16 groups of three teams, with two teams progressing from each group to a knockout tournament starting with a round of 32.[8] Other than a play-off tournament that consists of one team from each confederation (except UEFA for 2026) and one additional team from the confederation of the host country for the last two World Cup berths,[9] the new format for the qualifying process has yet to be confirmed.
These numbers vary slightly between tournaments (see above).
Qualification in all zones ends at approximately the same time, in September–November of the year preceding the finals.
The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations and over time. The systems being used in 2018 are outlined below.
Africa[edit]
The CAF qualification process began with two preliminary rounds (to narrow the field of 53 entrants to 20 teams) in October 2015. Zimbabwe were disqualified and therefore ineligible.
The group stage consisted of 5 groups of 4, with the group winners advancing to the World Cup finals.
Asia[edit]
Bhutan and Guam entered the AFC qualification process, while Indonesia were suspended and therefore ineligible.
Qualifying was altered significantly from the 2014 method, with changes to the structure of the preliminary rounds – which were held before the main draw. One home-and-away preliminary round reduced the 12 entrants to 6, followed by a first group stage with the 6 first round winners joining the top sides and 4 best runners-up from 5 groups of 5 advancing to a final group stage. The winners and runners-up of the two final groups of 5 advanced to the World Cup finals with the two third-placed sides playing off in the fourth round for the right to play in an inter-confederation play-off for a final World Cup spot. The first two rounds also acted as the qualifiers for the expanded 2019 AFC Asian Cup.[10]
A total of 24 teams eliminated from World Cup qualification in the second round compete in the third round of 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification (which is separate from the third round of 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification), where they were divided into six groups of four teams and compete for the remaining slots of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. The 24 teams consist of the 16 highest ranked teams eliminated in the second round, and the eight teams that advance from the play-off round of 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification which are contested by the remaining 12 teams eliminated in the second round.[11]
Europe[edit]
The European qualification was unchanged from the 2010 system. The 54 national teams were divided into nine groups of six teams, with the group winners qualifying directly to the finals, and the best eight runners-up playing home-and-away ties for the remaining four places.[12]
With the admission of Gibraltar and Kosovo as FIFA members in May 2016, both national teams made their debuts in World Cup qualifying.[13] With two groups of only five teams in the first round, Kosovo was assigned to group I as it was decided that Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia should not play against Kosovo for security reasons, and Gibraltar was then added to group H.[14][15]
North and Central America and Caribbean[edit]
See also: Hexagonal (CONCACAF)
The 2018 CONCACAF qualification process has changed significantly from the 2014 qualification cycle. The first three rounds had teams play home-and-away over two legs. A first preliminary round involved the 14 lowest ranked teams and the seven winners advanced to the second round. The 13 higher ranked sides received byes in the second round and were joined by the seven first round winners; the ten winners advanced to the third round. Two higher ranked teams received byes in the third round and were joined by ten second round winners; the six winners advanced to the preliminary group stage.
As in 2014, the remaining 12 teams played in 3 semifinal groups of 4 teams with the top two in each group advancing to a final six-team group.
The final round – often referred to as the "hexagonal" because there are six teams involved – saw the top three teams advance to the World Cup finals, while the fourth placed side entered an inter-confederation play-off for a final World Cup spot.
Oceania[edit]
Qualification in Oceania was held as part of a further competition. The first stage took place with one group of four lowest ranked teams and the winner advanced to the second stage (which also acted as the 2016 OFC Nations Cup). In the second stage the top three teams advanced to the third round, among them Nations Cup champions New Zealand. Two groups of three teams contested the third round, or final group stage, and the winners of each group entered a two-leg final. The winners of this final advanced to an inter-confederation play-off for a World Cup spot.
South America[edit]
As in recent qualification series CONMEBOL qualification consisted of a single group of all entrants. Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were determined by a draw, which was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw, on 25 July 2015.[16]
The top 4 teams from the 10-team group advanced to the World Cup finals, while the fifth placed team entered an inter-confederation play-off for a World Cup spot.
Intercontinental play-offs[edit]
Like the previous 2014 tournament, the pairings for the two play-offs were determined by an open draw on 25 July 2015, as part of the aforementioned preliminary draw. Intercontinental play-offs are played as home-and-away ties.
Qualification tournament rules[edit]
Qualification tournaments generally consist of a number of stages, made up of groups or knock-out ties.
Groups[edit]
In all group tournaments, three points are awarded for a win, one for a draw, and none for a loss. FIFA has set the order of the tie-breakers for teams that finish level on points:
goal difference in all group matches
greater number of goals scored in all group matches
Where teams are still not able to be separated, the following tie-breakers are used:
greater number of points obtained in matches between the tied teams
goal difference in matches between the tied teams
greater number of goals scored in matches between the tied teams
Where teams are still equal, then a play-off on neutral ground, with extra time and penalties if necessary will be played if FIFA deems such a play-off able to be fitted within the coordinated international match calendar. If this is not deemed feasible, then the result will be determined by the drawing of lot.
Note that this order of tie-breaker application has not always been applied. While it was used in the 2010 qualifiers, the qualification for the 2006 World Cup used the head-to-head comparison prior to goal difference (although this system was – where applicable – used in the 2006 finals themselves). If these rules had applied in 2006, then Nigeria would have qualified rather than Angola.
Home-and-away ties[edit]
Most knock-out qualifiers (such as the inter-confederation play-offs, the second round of UEFA qualifying and many preliminary ties) are played over two legs. The team that scores a greater aggregate number of goals qualifies. Away goals rule applies. If these rules fail to determine the winner, extra time and penalty shootouts are used.
Occasionally – usually when one entrant lacks adequate facilities to host international matches – ties are played over a single leg, in which case matches level after 90 minutes will go to extra time and then to a penalty shootout if required.
Alternatively, "home" matches can be played in neutral countries, or occasionally one team will host both matches. In the latter case the visiting team will still be considered as the "home" team for one of the legs – which may determine which side advances under the away goals rule, as occurred in CONCACAF qualification in 2010.
See also[edit]
National team appearances in the FIFA World Cup
UEFA European Championship qualifying
References[edit]
^ "History of the FIFA World Cup preliminary competition (by year)" (PDF). fifa.com. FIFA. November 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
^ "FIFA's 209 member associations" (PDF). fifa.com. FIFA. July 2012.
^ "Fifa makes major policy shift". BBC News. 30 November 2001.
^ "Current allocation of FIFA World Cup confederation slots maintained" (Press release). FIFA. 30 May 2015.
^ "Africa calls for FIFA to increase World Cup places". Ahram Online. Reuters. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
^ "New Fifa chief backs 48-team World Cup". heraldlive. 7 October 2016. It’s an idea, just as the World Cup with 40 teams is already on the table with groups of four or five teams.
^ "World Cup could expand to 48 teams, Fifa’s Gianni Infantino suggests". The Guardian. 3 October 2016.
^ "Fifa approves Infantino’s plan to expand World Cup to 48 teams from 2026". The Guardian. 10 January 2017.
^ "Bureau of the Council recommends slot allocation for the 2026 FIFA World Cup". FIFA. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017.
^ "ExCo approves expanded AFC Asian Cup finals". AFC. 16 April 2014.
^ "World Cup draw looms large in Asia". FIFA.com. 13 April 2015. Completing the tournament's qualifying contenders will be the next 16 highest ranked teams, with the remaining 12 sides battling it out in play-off matches to claim the last eight spots.
^ "Uefa retains 2010 World Cup qualifying format for 2014". bbc.co.uk. 21 March 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
^ "FIFA Congress drives football forward, first female secretary general appointed". FIFA.com. 13 May 2016.
^ "Kosovo to play in Group I in European Qualifiers". uefa.org. Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 9 June 2016.
^ "Kosovo and Gibraltar assigned to 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying groups". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 9 June 2016.
^ "A unanimous decision: A draw will determine the classifications for the World Cup and CONMEBOL Tournaments". CONMEBOL.com. 23 January 2015.
External links[edit]
FIFA World Cup Preliminary Competition Statistics (from FIFA.com)
FIFA World Cup Preliminary History (from FIFA.com)
FIFA World Cup 2018 Regulations
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Callie Torres
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Callie Torres
Grey's Anatomy character
The Season 9 Promotional Photo of Sara Ramirez as Dr. Callie Torres
First appearance
"What Have I Done to Deserve This?" (2.19)
February 26, 2006
(as recurring cast)
"Time Has Come Today" (3.01)
September 21, 2006
(as series regular)
Last appearance
"Family Affair" (12.24)
May 19, 2016
Created by
Shonda Rhimes
Portrayed by
Sara Ramirez
Information
Full name
Calliope Iphegenia Torres
Occupation
Attending orthopedic surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Title
Chief of Orthopedic Surgery
Board Director at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
M.D.
Family
Carlos Torres (father)
Lucia Torres (mother)
Aria Torres (sister)
Spouse(s)
George O'Malley (divorced, deceased)
Arizona Robbins (divorced, dating again)
Significant other(s)
Mark Sloan (deceased)
Erica Hahn
Alex Karev
Penelope Blake
Children
Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres
Religion
Catholicism
Calliope Iphegenia "Callie" Torres, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which airs on the ABC in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by Sara Ramirez. She was introduced in season two, as a senior orthopedic resident, as a love interest for intern George O'Malley (T.R. Knight). Eventually becoming an attending orthopedic surgeon, the character was originally contracted to appear on a recurring basis, but received star billing in the third season.
Torres was initially conceived as a love interest, and eventual wife, for O'Malley, and was created to be disliked by her colleagues. Further storylines include relationships between her and plastic surgeon, Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), cardiothoracic surgeon Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith), as well as a marriage to pediatric surgeon Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw). The character's bisexual storyline with Hahn and Robbins, and her development later in the series has garnered much acclaim. She is also the longest running LGBT character in television history, appearing in 11 seasons and 239 episodes.
Ramirez's portrayal of Torres has been widely praised by television critics and the character gained significant popularity as the series progressed. Ramirez was nominated for several awards for her portrayal of Torres, including the Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and the ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series. The character was ranked at no. 7 by AfterEllen.com in the list of "Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters." At the end of the show's twelfth season, Ramirez departed the show after ten years, desiring to take a break.
Contents
1 Storylines
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
Callie Torres is introduced as an orthopedic surgery resident with a crush on intern George O'Malley (T.R. Knight). The two start a relationship and Torres moves into Meredith's house (Meredith and Izzie Stevens lived there as well). Uneased at the way their relationship is progressing, O'Malley confronts her, which results in her moving into a hotel. In the aftermath of the breakup, she meets and has a one-night stand with plastic surgeon Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), who becomes her friend. Torres and O'Malley subsequently reconcile, and the two marry in Las Vegas on the spur of the moment. Confused, O'Malley confides to fellow intern Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), about his relationship woes over alcohol, leading to a drunken sexual encounter between the two. Torres remains unaware of his sexual encounter, but becomes increasingly suspicious, and announces her desire to conceive a child. Shortly thereafter, however, she discovers that O'Malley has been unfaithful, ending their marriage. Though her personal life is troubled, Torres thrives professionally when she is appointed as the hospital's Chief Resident. However, she soon begins struggling to cope in the role, and is demoted soon thereafter.
Torres forms a friendship with Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith), the hospital's new chief of cardiothoracic surgery. The two embark on a relationship when Hahn jokingly kisses Torres in an elevator to tease Sloan. Neither has been with another woman before, and Torres struggles with her bisexuality, and cheats on her with Sloan. She is initially forgiven, but after an argument about work, Hahn resigns from Seattle Grace, ending their relationship. New pediatric surgeon Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) kisses her, and they begin dating. Their relationship is tested when Torres comes out to her father, Carlos, who disowns her, cutting her off both financially and emotionally. When she is not granted a position as an attending, she publicly berates the chief, Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), and resigns from her post. She begins working at the neighboring Mercy West hospital, and when the two hospitals merge, she is promoted to an attending surgeon. Torres' father returns yet again, to condemn her, but ultimately accepts her sexuality. When Torres explains her desire to bear children, Robbins expresses disappointment, and their differing stances on the matter lead them to break up. Soon thereafter, a gunman commits mass murder at the hospital, and, relieved to have survived, Torres and Robbins reconcile, with Robbins agreeing that they should have children together.
When Robbins wins a prestigious grant to help treat children in Malawi, a disgruntled Torres agrees to move there with her, as the position will last for three years; however, her lack of enthusiasm causes Robbins to end their relationship and go without her. A heartbroken Torres moves in with Sloan, and they have a one-night stand. Robbins returns for Torres, apologizing and hoping for forgiveness, but Torres initially rebuffs her, and later reveals that she is pregnant with Sloan's baby. Robbins agrees to raise the child with her, but dislikes that Sloan will be a permanent part of their lives. En route a weekend getaway, Robbins proposes to Torres, but before Torres can reply, the two are in a head-on collision with a truck, leaving Torres severely injured. In an attempt to save her life, obstetrician-gynecologist Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), delivers Torres's premature baby. Torres survives, and agrees to marry Robbins. After twelve weeks of recovery, both Torres and baby Sofia are discharged and allowed to leave the hospital. Torres recovers from her surgery, but deals with the backlash from her mother (Gina Gallego)'s attitude toward the wedding and her granddaughter. Torres and Robbins marry in a garden after the minister's wife falls ill, with general surgeon Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), officiating the ceremony.
In the aftermath of a plane accident that killed Sloan and Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), Torres is forced to make the decision to have Alex Karev amputate Robbins's left leg to keep her alive, which puts strains on their relationship. The hospital is sued and eventually found guilty of negligence. Each victim, including Robbins, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), and Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) must receive $15 million of compensation, which leads the hospital to a near bankruptcy as the insurances refuse to pay. These doctors and Torres buy the hospital with the help of the Harper-Avery Foundation to prevent it from closing, and each become members of the new directing board. Everything seems to go well for Arizona and Callie, until a big storm hits the hospital now named after Mark Sloan and Lexie Grey. In the last episode of the ninth season, Arizona cheats on Callie with Dr. Lauren Boswell (Hilarie Burton). Callie soon discovers Arizona's infidelity by seeing her wedding ring pinned to Dr. Boswell's scrub top. In the aftermath of discovery, both Callie and Arizona share their feelings and it is revealed that Arizona does not forgive Callie for making the call to amputate her leg. Callie is heartbroken and Arizona states that Callie lost nothing in the crash, to which Callie responds that she, apparently, lost Arizona.
Callie takes Sofia to live with Meredith and Derek, Zola, and Baby Bailey for a while before kicking Arizona out of their apartment and celebrates by dancing in her underwear. Callie also left Arizona at therapy, telling her that she was the only one that needed to go. After being hit by a lawsuit, her father, Carlos, visits and tells Callie that he cheated on her mother but she took him back and Callie wouldn't be here if her mother didn't give Carlos a second chance. Callie goes to Arizona's apartment and invites her to come back home. Callie finds out during surgery that Arizona was sleeping with Leah, a second year resident, while separated. Although angry at Arizona, Callie still agrees to work things out.
After April's failed wedding to Matthew, Callie and Arizona bought a house together, a fresh start, away from the memories of their apartment. They later decided to try again for a second child. However, a trip to the OB/GYN led to the discovery that Callie had developed adhesions in her uterus in the years since Sofia's birth, meaning she could not carry any more babies. After talking about it, the couple agreed to postpone their dream to have another baby until they're on more solid footing as a couple.
At the beginning of the eleventh season, Callie and Arizona gave therapy another chance in order to help mend their marriage. They were made to go 30 days living separate lives in the same house with no sexual activity with others or each other. They come close to breaking that rule and had to start over and before the 30 days was up they eventually gave in and connected sexually again. At the end of the 30 days at the final therapy session Arizona realized she couldn't live without Callie; however Callie didn't feel the same and stated she felt suffocated and eventually walked out of therapy, ending their marriage.
Callie then goes on to date Penny, who was the resident in charge of Derek Shepard's case. She comes to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, who recognizes her. It is then discovered that Penny is going to be working at Grey Sloan Memorial. When everyone, including Callie, finds out who Penny actually is, they protest and try to get her off of the Grey Sloan Memorial residency line. She manages to stay on the line despite all the others' pleads and wishes.
After Callie discloses her desire to move to New York with Penny and take her and Arizona's daughter, Sofia, with her, Arizona takes Callie to court for sole parental custody. Callie loses custody of her daughter to Arizona and Penny moves to New York. After Arizona decides that both Sofia's moms deserve to be happy, Arizona presents Callie with plane tickets and offers a custody agreement that keeps Sofia in Seattle for the summer and then sharing her every other school year and Christmas.
Callie is referenced occasionally by Arizona and Sofia after her departure from the show. At the conclusion of season 14, Arizona departs the show to move to New York and it is implied that the two will ultimately reconcile after Callie and Penny are mentioned to have broken up.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
"As a Latin person, I was really proud to see the ethnic people on the show. I thought, Wow, there are no color limits. Nobody's making comments about how there are African-Americans on the show and an Asian on the show. However, I did think, Where's the Latin person?"
Ramirez on Grey's Anatomy[1]
Ramirez was seen by ABC executives, in her Broadway performance of Spamalot, which garnered their attention. Due to their admiration, the network offered Ramirez a role on any ABC television series, of her choice, and she chose Grey's Anatomy.[2] Ramirez further explained that at her initial audition, the producers liked her, and had intentions to add her to the show, but did not know who to cast her as.[1] She also said she was in awe of how the executives said, "Pick a show, any show", explaining that it is rare.[3] Shonda Rhimes said: "I was looking for a girlfriend for George, but it was in the infancy stages, so I had no idea what I was looking for." Rhimes built the character around Ramirez after she met her.[4] Ramirez's character was initially given recurring status in the second season and received star billing in the third season, alongside fellow cast member Dane, who portrayed Mark Sloan.[5] Ramirez discusses maintaining relationships with co-stars:
“ The weird thing about working in television is that you only see the people that you're in scenes with. It's not like you're all running around the set together. So if you're going to hang out together, you kind of have to make an effort. And I think people have families, people have lives.[1] ”
Characterization[edit]
While we are disheartened that the burgeoning relationship between Callie and Erica has come to an end, the character of Callie, who has now been identified as a lesbian by show creator Shonda Rhimes, remains and her journey continues.
Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation on Torres' bisexual storyline[6]
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) characterized Torres as "driven", "determined", and "outgoing", while also noting her weaknesses: "defensive" and "impulsive".[7] Ramirez described her character as someone who "appears to be a certain way, but has some very complex issues going on behind the scenes. She seems to be a very strong personality, someone who really believes in herself and has worked very hard to get where she is. She's very competitive but does have a sense of self, so she doesn't need to win all the time."[8] At Torres' initial appearance on the show, she was disliked by fans, due to her getting in the way of O'Malley and Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo)'s relationship. When asked of this, Ramirez said: "You do run across a lot of people who are extremely invested in that story line. Obviously, I've heard some negative stuff."[1] The end of the show's fourth season saw Torres grow closer to cardiothoracic surgeon Erica Hahn, in a relationship referred to by the portmanteau "Eri-Cal"[9] and later "Callica" by Michael Ausiello of Entertainment Weekly.[10] Rhimes stated that: "Callie and Erica have an undeniable chemistry, and watching the story unfold is something the writers are looking forward to. I wanted to illuminate their relationship in the same way we do all relationships on the show — it will be funny, sweet, honest, and a little bit dirty."[9]
Torres served as the primary vocalist in the show's musical episode, "Song Beneath the Song", being described as "amazing" by fellow cast member, Kevin McKidd.[11]
She explained that in developing the relationship between the two: "we wanted it to be real – not some stunt to get people talking. We wanted to see what would happen if a woman suddenly had feelings for another woman."[12] The two characters shared a kiss at the end of the season four finale, with which D. Williams of After Ellen noted: "Callie and Erica became the only regular lesbian/bisexual female characters currently on network television. This is also the first time that two regular characters on a network show have begun a lesbian romance, as opposed to one becoming involved with a new lesbian character introduced expressly for that relationship."[13] Before continuing with the storyline, the show's producers consulted with the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation to ensure they maintained realism throughout.[13] Trish Doolan, star of April's Shower was invited to consult in the workshop sessions which took place, and surmised that; "They were really wanting to be truthful to the two characters they're focusing on in the woman-woman relationship",[13] with Nikki Weiss, who also consulted, adding: "they didn't want to stereotype anything either, and write from a place where they didn't understand it. [...] I don't think they did it as a stunt to get people back to watching after the strike. I really think that they wanted to develop these two characters, and that you could see a closeness with them way before they ever decided any kind of — I think they just have a chemistry together, as actresses, too. You could tell that in the room. They definitely have a chemistry."[13]
In the show's fifth season, Torres embarked on a relationship with Arizona Robbins (Capshaw). The relationship between the two is referred to by the portmanteau "Calzona".[14] Rhimes praised the chemistry between Arizona and Callie in contrast, comparing it to that between the show's primary couple Grey and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey),[15] and stating: "They have that little thing that makes you want to watch them."[16] In "An Honest Mistake", Torres was initially rejected by Robbins, with Robbins citing Torres' "inexperience" as a factor. Series writer Peter Nowalk offered the insight:
“ I totally understand why Arizona wouldn't want to date a newborn. It's like getting a Freshman as your Physics lab partner even though you're a Senior who not only knows the Laws of Motion but has mastered them in ways that would rock that Freshman's world. Which is not to say the Freshman won't grow to be really good at Physics, or that Callie won't catch up to Arizona on the lesbian front, it's simply that Arizona might not have the patience to wait that long. ”
The couple ultimately decided to begin a relationship, however, the two experience difficulties, but eventually reunite. Rhimes commented on their reconciliation: "I love [Callie] with Arizona. [...] I like that they make me feel hopeful about love."[17] Rhimes has mentioned of their relationship in the sixth season: "I would like to see Callie happily in a long-term relationship. We have so much to explore with them, because we barely know anything about [Arizona]."[18]
Callie and Arizona have a five-year relationship, ultimately marrying in the seventh season and divorcing in the eleventh season. Callie starts a new relationship with Penny Blake and leaves to go to New York with her in the twelfth-season finale. Shonda Rhimes spoke on Ramirez's abrupt departure, saying, "This one was different because it wasn’t a big planned thing. I had a different plan going and when Sara came in and said, ‘I really need to take this break,’ I was lucky that we’d shot the end of the season with her going to New York.”[19]
Reception[edit]
"What was truly revolutionary about Callie is that she was never defined by any single aspect of herself. She was curvy, Latina, and bisexual, and she was also a funny, frustrating, and lovable doctor with an amazing career and strong friendships. Callie was never expected to be perfect. She was allowed to be as messy as every other character on Grey's Anatomy, and, for everyone who identified with her as a whole or in part, it was a huge relief to see this woman who represented so many perspectives be allowed to just be awesome." —Sabienna Bowmna of Bustle[20]
Maureen Ryan from the Chicago Tribune was critical about the character's initial development. Reviewing the third season's premiere, she wrote the writers should give up on Callie explaining they have made her "far too obviously the “weird girl,” but there’s nothing underneath her brusque persona."[21] Her marriage to O'Malley was well received; Staci Krause of IGN wrote: "Their relationship has been a roller coaster and it was nice to see this turn of events, as she really is a perfect contrast to George."[22] Discussing the character in terms of her relationship with Hahn, Williams was largely positive, assessing that: "The story line offered both the drama Grey's is known for and a truthfulness network television has rarely achieved when it comes to lesbian relationships."[13] Trish Doolan and Nikki Weiss, invited by GLAAD to consult with Grey's Anatomy producers on the storyline, praised the effort put into researching the issue by the writers and actors involved, though were more negative on the scene which saw Hahn kiss Callie in an elevator in front of Mark Sloan. Weiss commented: "I just felt like, if they really cared about each other, I don't think they would do that as a stunt. That seemed a little, I don't know, forced. [...] [It] was more like a conquest, like he could have [Hahn] too or something."[13] LGBT website AfterEllen.com agreed with this view, criticizing the way the scene was edited so as to keep cutting to Sloan's point of view, as though "privileging the male gaze."[13] AfterEllen.com included Torres in their list of the Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters, ranking her at No. 6[23] and in their Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.[24] The character was also listed in Wetpaint's "10 Hottest TV Doctors on TV".[25]
Commenting on Hahn's abrupt departure from the show, Dorothy Snarker, writing for AfterEllen.com, observed of Torres and Robbins' relationship: "I [...] can't help but be wary of how the Grey's writers will handle this relationship. Jessica has proven lovely and likable in her brief screen time so far. But it's not how the romance starts, but what happens next that really matters."[14] Speaking of the musical episode, Nicole Golden of TV Fanatic called Ramirez's rendition of "Chasing Cars" "amazing" and referred to her performance in Kate Havnevik's "Grace" as "beautiful".[26] Margaret Lyons of New York Magazine was happy with the evolution of Bailey and Torres' friendship in the first half of the ninth season, calling it "the one bright spot": "They joke, they tease each other, they offer sage love advice to one another, now that they're both on their second marriages."[27] Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series at the Alma Awards, in 2007 and 2008.[28] Also in 2007, at the 13th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Ramirez and the cast of Grey's Anatomy, were the recipients of the Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[29] She and the cast were nominated for the same award, in 2008.[30] In 2011, at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards, Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.[31] She was ranked at no. 7 in AfterEllen.com's list of "Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters"[32]
References[edit]
Specific
^ Jump up to: a b c d Yuan, Jada (September 18, 2006). "Belle Curves: Sara Ramirez". Bustle. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ De Leon, Kris (September 25, 2006). "Sara Ramirez". BuddyTV. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sara Ramirez, Kate Walsh, Chandra Wilson, Oprah Winfrey (April 5, 2008). Sara Ramirez Chandra Wilson Kate Walsh OP. Los Angeles, California: Oprah Winfrey.
Jump up ^ Hendrickson, Paula (May 6, 2009). "Casting chemistry keeps 'Grey's' fresh". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (November 16, 2005). "Spamalot's Ramirez Lands Role on TV's "Grey's Anatomy"". Playbill. Philip S Birsh. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gay Groups Praise 'Grey's Anatomy'". StarPulse. World Entertainment News Network. November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Callie Torres (Sarah Ramirez) Bio". Grey's Anatomy. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Crook, John (April 30, 2006). "Sara Ramirez". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Rice, Lynette (May 23, 2008). "'Grey's Anatomy': Shonda Rhimes on her plans for Erica and Callie". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (November 3, 2008). "Grey's Anatomy Discharges Erica Hahn". Entertainment Weekly. Time, Inc. Archived from the original on November 6, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
Jump up ^ Huver, Scott (March 30, 2011). "Sara Ramirez Is 'Amazing' in Grey's Musical Episode, Says Costar". People. Time, Inc. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (May 22, 2008). "The End of the Beginning..." Grey Matter. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on May 27, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g D. Williams (15 June 2008). "Behind the Lesbian Story Line on "Grey's Anatomy"". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Snarker, Dorothy (February 11, 2009). ""Grey's Anatomy" processes the Calzona kiss". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (May 15, 2009). "Exclusive: 'Grey's' boss on finale's Izzie-George shocker, Mer-Der 'wedding,' and more!". Entertainment Weekly. Time, Inc. Archived from the original on August 6, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Keveney, Bill (April 30, 2009). "TV is a 'journey' for 'Grey's' creator Shonda Rhimes". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (May 8, 2009). "Shonda Rhimes on "What a Difference a Day Makes"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2009). "What's Next for 'Grey's'?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hautman, Nicholas (May 23, 2016). "Shonda Rhimes Didn't Know Sara Ramirez Was Leaving 'Grey's Anatomy' Until After They Finished the Season Finale". US Weekly. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Sabienna (21 May 2016). "'Grey's Anatomy's Callie Torres Was The Show's Most Progressive Character". New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (September 22, 2006). "'Grey's' is back, baby!". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Krause, Staci (February 7, 2007). "Grey's Anatomy: "Wishin' and Hopin'"". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters". AfterEllen.com. March 15, 2010. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters". AfterEllen.com. February 27, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Martin, Rebecca (December 31, 2012). "The 10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV". Wetpaint. The Cambio Network. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Golden, Nicole (March 31, 2011). "Grey's Anatomy Review: The Musical Episode". TV Fanatic. SheKnows Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lyons, Margaret (January 23, 2013). "Now That Private Practice Is Over, Addison Should Go Back to Grey's Anatomy". New York. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Past ALMA Recipients". AlmaAwards.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 13th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 42nd NAACP Image Awards". NAACP Image Awards. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters". AfterEllen.com. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
General
"Grey's Anatomy: Episode Recap Guide". ABC. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
External links[edit]
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