text:
Bottle opener
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Victorinox pocket knife with bottle opener (and screwdriver) blade extended
Field knife and its sheath. The upper crossguard is bent forward and can be used as a bottle opener.
A bottle opener is a device that enables the removal of metal bottle caps from bottles. More generally, it might be thought to include corkscrews used to remove cork or plastic stoppers from wine bottles.
A metal bottle cap is affixed to the rim of the neck of a bottle by being pleated or ruffled around the rim. A bottle opener is a specialized lever inserted beneath the pleated metalwork, which uses a point on the bottle cap as a fulcrum on which to pivot.
Contents
[hide]
1 Varieties
1.1 The Crown Cork Opener
1.2 Simple Bottle Opener
1.3 Speed Opener ('Bar Blade')
1.4 Wall-Mounted
1.5 Magnetic Catch Bottle Opener
1.6 Multi-Opener
1.7 Novelty/designer
2 Technique
3 Corkscrews
3.1 Waiter's Friend or Wine Key
3.2 The Cork Master
3.3 Twin prong cork puller
4 See also
5 References
Varieties[edit]
There are several distinct designs of such bottle openers. Wall mounted openers are typically found behind bars in pubs, whilst hand-tool bottle openers tend to be found and used in domestic environments. Whereas the functional elements of bottle openers (a tooth or lip to catch the underside of the cap, a fulcrum across which to exert the force that will remove the cap, and usually a lever for mechanical advantage) tend to be consistent (sometimes the lever is the bottle itself), their aesthetic design is subject to very great variety, and a great many decorative types are available.
The following varieties of bottle opener are used around the world used in a professional capacity.
The Crown Cork Opener[edit]
Main article: Churchkey
Churchkey from 3 angles
A specific style of bottle opener is known as a churchkey.
Invented at the same time as the crown cork, it is the original "bar blade". But as well as being portable it also comes as a fixed device to be attached to vertical surfaces, often with a tray to catch the bottle tops. It does not open wine bottles. It is class 2 fulcrum type.
Simple Bottle Opener[edit]
A simple bottle opener
A simple opener is a piece of metal with a rectangular or rounded opening in one end and a solid handle large enough to be gripped between the thumb and forefingers on the other. The opening contains a lip that is placed under the edge of the bottle top, pulling it off when upward force is applied to the handle end of the opener. This type of opener is small and durable, so it is frequently used as a key fob.
Speed Opener ('Bar Blade')[edit]
A Budweiser branded "bar blade", front and back
The speed opener is a flat blade of steel approximately 4 cm wide and 16 cm long with a thumb hole at one end and a letterbox cut at the other to remove the crown seals from a bottle. They go under the names 'Speed Opener', 'Popper', 'Mamba', ‘Bar Key’, and most popularly 'Bar Blade'. The thumb hole may be used to pull bottles out of ice, by placing the hole over bottle neck, then lifting it. The speed opener is widely used by professional bartenders in Canada, the United States, and the UK. Carried in the pocket or against the body or on a zip string, it is both convenient and fast for the modern bartender. It is advantageous in that it is easy to open several bottles in rapid succession, and with more flair than other types of bottle opener. Consequently, 'bar blading' is often part of bar flair routines. ⋅
Wall-Mounted[edit]
A wall-mounted bottle opener
Works the same as the lever variation, except that it is attached to the wall, to allow for simpler bottle-opening, which can be done with one hand. The bottle cap can fall into a bottle cap catcher mounted below the opener, or you can retrieve it after removal from the bottle.
A variant to this are similar types of openers mounted on older vending machines.
Magnetic Catch Bottle Opener[edit]
Magnetic Bottle Opener
This is a bottle opener with a magnet to catch the lids.
Multi-Opener[edit]
Also known as a Beverage Opener, these usually includes a bottle opener of the Simple Bottle Opener Style but includes various other openers such as for plastic bottles or metal beverage cans.
Novelty/designer[edit]
In recent years[clarification needed] the bottle opener has taken many forms to appeal to young professionals. A few examples of the designer bottle opener include a surfboard shaped bottle opener, baseball cap with bottle opener in the visor, the inclusion of a bottle opener in the sole of a flip flop, in the form of a ring that can be worn, as part of a belt buckle, or in the different shapes for sports, a guitar, cowboy boot or car key. Recent[clarification needed] improvements come with the invent[clarification needed] of High Definition graphics[clarification needed] with epoxy dome on chrome plated versions of the bottle opener. Novelty bottle openers became a popular promotional product for many beer brands with the advent of the surfboard bottle opener by Jim Wysopal from Openers Plus in California 1990.[dubious – discuss]
Technique[edit]
Under most use, a bottle opener functions as a second-class lever: the fulcrum is the far end of the bottle opener, placed on the top of the crown, with the output at the near end of the bottle opener, on the crown edge, between the fulcrum and the hand: in these cases, one pushes up on the lever.
However, one may instead use it as a first-class lever, by placing the near end on the top of the crown, and the far end under the crown edge, then pushing down on the lever (thus the output is on the opposite side of the fulcrum from the hand). This is particularly used with bar blades, which form an obtuse angle. Mechanically, this is a marginally less effective lever, as the effort arm is shorter, but the action of pushing down is marginally anatomically easier.
While most lever-type bottle openers can be used in either configuration, the designed use can be determined if one of the edges is curved, in which case this edge is designed to sit in the middle of the crown, as the curve concentrates pressure, deforming the crown, and a curved edge does not connect with as much of the crown edge, hence being suboptimal and slipping more frequently if used to connect with the crown edge. This difference can be seen in comparing the traditional opener and contemporary bar blade at right.
Corkscrews[edit]
Main article: Corkscrew
Waiter's Friend or Wine Key[edit]
Opened Waiter's Friend
This common wine opener consists of a flat housing (often plastic covered) similar to a Swiss army knife with a corkscrew and lever (which doubles as crown cork opener) with either a knife or auto-foiler to remove the foil top of wine bottles and then the cork. Designed to be screwed in to within 1 full rotation before the end of the screw (more will pierce the bottom of the cork and result in extra flotsam on the surface of your wine) before levering out the cork.
The Cork Master[edit]
This tool is used by businesses that need to open a large volume of wine efficiently and without waste or breakage. It is a large brass tubular device, fixed at a 45° angle to the bar, with a lever pivoted halfway and extending towards the user. The bottle's neck is inserted firmly in the lower aperture of the tube and the lever pulled down firmly and steadily to the bottom. This drives a corkscrew into the cork at a regular depth each time. When the lever is returned to its original position it extracts the cork. When the bottle is removed pull the lever to expose the cork at the bottom, it loosens the cork and returns the lever firmly to its starting position, whereupon the cork will then fall out.
Twin prong cork puller[edit]
A twin prong cork puller
The twin prong cork puller, also called the Butler's Friend, is shaped like a large key with a squared oval handle about 5 cm × 8 cm, and two thin metal strips, approximately 10 cm long, 5 mm wide, and 0.5 mm thick, descending in tandem from the center of the handle. The two strips are spread open and then wiggled into the space between the cork and the bottle on either side. Once fully in place, a turn and pull of the handle causes friction to turn the cork and pull it out of the bottle.
See also[edit]
Shanghai World Financial Center and Kingdom Centre, both said to resemble a giant bottle opener
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bottle openers.
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text:
iPhone 8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
iPhone 8
iPhone 8 Plus
iPhone 8 in Gold
Brand
Apple Inc.
Manufacturer
Foxconn[1] (on contract)
Pegatron[1] (on contract)
Slogan
A new generation of iPhone
Generation
11th
Model
8:
A1863 (with Qualcomm modem)
A1905 (with Intel modem)
A1906 (sold in Japan)[2]
8 Plus:
A1864 (with Qualcomm modem)
A1897 (with Intel modem)
A1898 (sold in Japan)[2]
Compatible networks
GSM, CDMA2000, EV-DO, HSPA+, LTE, LTE Advanced
First released
September 22, 2017; 4 months ago (2017-09-22)
Availability by country
September 22, 2017[show]
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
China
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Hong Kong
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
September 29, 2017[show]
Andorra
Bahrain
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Estonia
Greece
Greenland
Guernsey
Hungary
Iceland
India
Isle of Man
Israel
Jersey
Kuwait
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Malta
Monaco
Poland
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Slovakia
Slovenia
October 20, 2017[show]
Malaysia
Morocco
Macau
South Africa
Turkey
October 27, 2017[show]
Armenia
November 3, 2017[show]
Belarus
Brazil
South Korea
Thailand
November 17, 2017[show]
Philippines
December 22, 2017[show]
Indonesia
Predecessor
iPhone 7 (Plus)
Related
iPhone X
Type
8: Smartphone
8 Plus: Phablet
Form factor
Slate
Dimensions
8:
H: 138.4 mm (5.45 in)
W: 67.3 mm (2.65 in)
D: 7.3 mm (0.29 in)
8 Plus:
H: 158.4 mm (6.24 in)
W: 78.1 mm (3.07 in)
D: 7.5 mm (0.30 in)
Weight
8: 148 g (5.2 oz)
8 Plus: 202 g (7.1 oz)
Operating system
Original: iOS 11.0
Current: iOS 11.2.5, released January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
System on chip
Apple A11 Bionic
CPU
2.39 GHz hexa-core 64-bit
Memory
8: 2 GB LPDDR4X RAM
8 Plus: 3 GB LPDDR4X RAM
Storage
64 or 256 GB
Removable storage
None
Battery
8: 3.82 V 6.96 W·h (1821 mA·h) Li-ion[3]
8 Plus: 3.82 V 10.28 W·h (2675 mA·h) Li-ion[3]
Display
8: 4.7 in (120 mm) Retina HD: LED-backlit IPS LCD, 1334×750 px (326 ppi)
8 Plus: 5.5 in (140 mm) Retina HD: LED-backlit IPS LCD, 1920×1080 px (401 ppi)
All models: 625 cd/m² max. brightness (typical), with dual-ion exchange-strengthened glass, and 3D Touch
Rear camera
8: 12 MP with six-element lens, quad-LED "True Tone" flash with Slow Sync, autofocus, IR filter, Burst mode, f/1.8 aperture, 4K video recording at 24, 30, or 60 fps or 1080p at 30 or 60 fps, slow-motion video (1080p at 120 or 240 fps, timelapse with stabilization, panorama, facial recognition, digital image stabilization, optical image stabilization
8 Plus: In addition to above: A telephoto lens with 2× optical zoom / 10× digital zoom, f/2.8 aperture
Portrait Lighting (beta)
Front camera
7 MP, f/2.2 aperture, burst mode, exposure control, face detection, auto-HDR, auto image stabilization, Retina flash, 1080p HD video recording
Sound
Stereo speakers
Connectivity
All models:[show]
LTE (bands 1 to 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17 to 20, 25 to 30, 66), TD-LTE (bands 38 to 41), UMTS/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz), GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz), Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac), Bluetooth 5.0, NFC, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo & QZSS
Models A1863 & A1864:[show]
TD-SCDMA 1900 (F), 2000 (A) & CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A (800, 1900, 2100 MHz)
SAR
8 [4][5][show]
Model A1863
Head: 1.20 W/kg
Body: 1.13 W/kg
Model A1906
Head: 1.17 W/kg
Body: 1.14 W/kg
Model A1905
Head: 1.19 W/kg
Body: 1.17 W/kg
8 Plus [6][7][show]
Model A1864
Head: 1.15 W/kg
Body: 1.15 W/kg
Model A1898
Head: 1.19 W/kg
Body: 1.19 W/kg
Model A1897
Head: 1.19 W/kg
Body: 1.19 W/kg
Hearing aid compatibility
M3, T4
Website
www.apple.com/iphone-8/
This article is part of a series on the
iPhone
1st
3G
3GS
4
4S
5
5C
5S
6 (Plus)
6S (Plus)
SE
7 (Plus)
8 (Plus)
X
List of iPhone models
v
t
e
iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They were announced on September 12, 2017, alongside the higher-end iPhone X, at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus, and were released on September 22, 2017, succeeding iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.
Besides the addition of a glass back, the designs of iPhone 8 and 8 Plus are largely similar to that of their predecessors. Notable changes include the addition of wireless charging, a faster processor, and improved cameras and displays. The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus share most of their internal hardware with the iPhone X.
Reception of the phones was mixed, with reviewers praising the addition of wireless charging and the new Apple A11 processor, while significantly criticizing the aging design.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Specifications
2.1 Hardware
2.2 Software
3 Reception
4 Sales
5 Timeline of iPhone models
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
On August 31, 2017, Apple sent out press invites for a media event at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus on September 12, 2017.[8] The iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus were announced at that event,[9] and released on September 22, 2017.[9]
Specifications[edit]
Hardware[edit]
iPhone 8 and 8 Plus retain the Retina HD Display found in iPhone 7,[10] but they now feature True Tone technology, allowing for automatic screen adjustments based on surrounding ambient lighting.[9] They can play HDR10 and Dolby Vision content despite not having an HDR-ready display, done by down-converting the HDR content to fit the display while still having some enhancements to dynamic range, contrast, and wide color gamut compared to standard content.[11]
iPhone 8 features a 12 MP camera with autofocus, f/1.8 aperture and optical image stabilization capable of capturing 4K video at 24, 30, or 60 frames per second, or 1080p video at 30, 60, 120 or 240 frames per second.[12] iPhone 8 Plus upgrades the main camera for a wide-angle lens with up to 10x digital zoom or 2x optical zoom,[13] and retains a second, telephoto lens similar to the one found on iPhone 7 Plus, but with improved depth-of-field and lighting effects in Portrait mode.[14] Both models have a 7 MP front camera with an f/2.2 aperture capable of capturing 1080p video at 30 frames per second and 720p video at 240 frames per second, along with face detection and high-dynamic range.[12][13]
iPhone 8 and 8 Plus contain the Apple A11 Bionic system-on-chip, a hexa-core processor that the company says features two cores that are 25% faster than the previous generation's A10 processor and four cores that are 70% faster than the prior model. The phones also feature an Apple-designed graphics processing unit 30% faster than prior units, with the same level of performance as the A10 at half the power.[9] Both models come with 64 and 256 gigabyte storage options, and are offered in silver, gold or Space Gray color options.[9]
The phones have glass backs instead of the complete aluminum housing found on prior models, enabling the use of Qi-standard wireless charging.[9] The phones are rated IP67 for water resistance.[15]
Software[edit]
iPhone 8 and 8 Plus ship with iOS 11 on launch.[12][13]
Reception[edit]
A silver iPhone 8 alongside a gold 8 Plus
Samuel Axon of Ars Technica called the A11 processor "a marvelous feat of engineering", writing that it offers "industry-leading performance". Axon also praised the cameras, writing that "The colors are great, and low light performance is very good for a smartphone".[16] Chris Velazco of Engadget praised the speed of the A11 processor, the build quality and the "excellent" camera, while criticizing design familiarities with previous iPhone generations and limited water-protection levels compared to competitors.[17]
John McCann of TechRadar enjoyed the feel of the glass back despite criticizing the phone's overall design. McCann also praised the camera and called wireless charging a "useful" addition to the iPhone lineup.[18]
David Pierce of Wired similarly stated that iPhone 8 models were overshadowed by iPhone X, despite calling them "virtually perfect phones". Pierce praised performance, cameras, and displays, while repeatedly criticizing the "outdated" design.[19]
Nilay Patel of The Verge called iPhone 8 the "default option", noting that the 8 models stand as almost universally overlooked by Apple's other new iPhone launched, iPhone X. He nevertheless praised the device's form factor for being easy and non-slippery to hold, the display's addition of True Tone technology and upgraded speakers, though he cited issues with charging speed through wireless pads as well as the price of the iPhone 8 Plus 256 GB, which was close to that of the iPhone X. Patel also criticized the iPhone 8's aging design, dating back to the iPhone 6 released in 2014; the most notable critique was of the thick bezels when compared to other 2017 smartphones, designed with nearly bezel-less faces to incorporate larger screens in a similar form factor.[20]
The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus were also criticized for their durability, as drop tests performed showed that the rear glass is not "the most durable glass ever in a smartphone", as claimed by Apple.[21][22]
Camera testing company DxOMark gave the camera on iPhone 8 a rating of 92 and 8 Plus a rating of 94, giving them the title of best smartphone cameras tested by the company.[23][24] The Samsung Galaxy Note 8 later matched the iPhone 8 Plus with an identical overall score of 94.[25][26] They were later overtaken by Google Pixel 2, which scored a 98 rating.[27]
Sales[edit]
Although Apple has yet to release official sales information, initial reports indicate that sales have been very low and that more people are buying its predecessor instead, or holding out for the upcoming iPhone X.[28][29] This has resulted in a drop in Apple's shares.[30]
Timeline of iPhone models[edit]
Sources: Apple press release library[31]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Rossignol, Joe (November 11, 2017). "iPhone 8 Production Said to Drop Significantly Given Popularity of iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X". MacRumors. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Identify your iPhone model". Apple Support. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "iPhone 8 and 8 Plus Have Smaller Batteries Than iPhone 7 Models, But Similar Battery Life". Retrieved September 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ iPhone 8 RF Exposure information
Jump up ^ iPhone 8 RF Exposure information
Jump up ^ iPhone 8 Plus RF Exposure information
Jump up ^ iPhone 8 Plus RF Exposure information
Jump up ^ Kahn, Jordan (August 31, 2017). "Apple officially announces iPhone 8 event for Sept. 12 at Steve Jobs Theater". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gartenberg, Chaim (September 12, 2017). "iPhone 8 and 8 Plus announced with wireless charging, True Tone display, A11 Bionic processor". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rossignol, Joe (September 13, 2017). "iPhone 8 Plus vs. iPhone 7 Plus: Every New Feature Compared". MacRumors. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wong, Raymond (September 22, 2017). "HDR on the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus: The real story". Mashable. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Apple iPhone 8". GSMArena. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Apple iPhone 8 Plus". GSMArena. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Caldwell, Serenity (October 2, 2017). "How to use the iPhone 8 Plus camera: The ultimate guide". iMore. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clover, Juli (September 12, 2017). "iPhone X and iPhone 8 Feature IP67 Water Resistance Rating, Same as iPhone 7". MacRumors. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Axon, Samuel (September 28, 2017). "iPhone 8 and 8 Plus review: The curious case of the time-traveling phone". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Velazco, Chris (September 19, 2017). "iPhone 8 and 8 Plus review: Change in small doses". Engadget. Oath Inc. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ McCann, John (October 27, 2017). "iPhone 8 review". TechRadar. Future plc. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pierce, David (September 19, 2017). "Review: Apple iPhone 8 and 8 Plus". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Patel, Nilay (September 19, 2017). "iPhone 8 and 8 Plus review: the default option". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clover, Juli (September 25, 2017). "Glass-Bodied iPhone 8 Shatters Repeatedly in Drop Tests". MacRumors. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Epstein, Zach (September 25, 2017). "Drop test confirms Apple totally lied about the glass back on the iPhone 8". BGR. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rossignol, Joe (September 22, 2017). "DxO Labs Says iPhone 8 Plus Has Best Smartphone Camera They've Ever Tested". MacRumors. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mayo, Benjamin (September 22, 2017). "iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus top DxOMark smartphone camera rankings". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fingas, Jon (October 3, 2017). "Galaxy Note 8 and iPhone 8 Plus tie for top spot in camera test". Engadget. Oath Inc. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Potuck, Michael (October 3, 2017). "Samsung Galaxy Note 8 ties iPhone 8 Plus in DxOMark camera ranking". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Potuck, Michael (November 6, 2017). "iPhone X scores 97 on DxOMark camera ranking, just behind Google Pixel 2". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The iPhone 7 is still more popular than the iPhone 8". CNET. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Williams, Brett. "The iPhone 8 is reportedly selling worse than the iPhone 7. Wait, what?". Mashable. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Anemic' iPhone 8 demand drags Apple shares lower". Reuters. October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Apple Inc. (2004-2016). Press Release Library. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
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