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The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
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"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald"
Single by Gordon Lightfoot
from the album Summertime Dream
B-side
"The House You Live In"
Released
August 1976
Format
7-inch 45 rpm record
Recorded
December 1975
Studio
Eastern Sound Studios, Toronto
Genre
Folk rock
soft rock
Length
6:32 (album version)
5:57 (single edit)
Label
Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Gordon Lightfoot
Producer(s)
Lenny Waronker
Gordon Lightfoot
Gordon Lightfoot singles chronology
"Rainy Day People"
(1975) "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald"
(1976) "Race Among the Ruins"
(1976)
"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" is a song written, composed, and performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot to commemorate the sinking of the bulk carrier SS Edmund Fitzgerald on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. Lightfoot drew his inspiration from Newsweek's article on the event, "The Cruelest Month", which it published in its November 24, 1975, issue.[1] Lightfoot considers this song to be his finest work.[2]
Appearing originally on Lightfoot's 1976 album Summertime Dream, the single version hit number 1 in his native Canada (in the RPM national singles survey) on November 20, 1976, barely a year after the disaster.[3] In the United States, it reached number 1 in Cashbox and number 2 for two weeks in the Billboard Hot 100 (behind Rod Stewart's "Tonight's The Night"), making it Lightfoot's second-most-successful single behind "Sundown". Overseas it was at best a minor hit, peaking at number 40 in the UK Singles Chart.[4]
The song is written in Mixolydian mode.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Artistic license
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Production
4 Derivative works
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Artistic license[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The song contains a few artistic omissions and paraphrases. In a later interview aired on Canadian commercial radio, Lightfoot recounted how he had agonised while trying to pen the lyrics over possible inaccuracies until Lenny Waronker, his long-time producer and friend, finally removed his writer's block simply by advising him to play to his artistic strengths and "just tell a story". On the other hand, Lightfoot's personal passion for recreational sailing on the Great Lakes[6] informs his ballad's verses throughout.
According to the song, Edmund Fitzgerald was bound "fully loaded for Cleveland". In fact, she was heading for Detroit, there to discharge her cargo of taconite iron ore pellets before docking in Cleveland for the winter.[7]
Capt. Ernest McSorley had stated in his last radio transmission before the boat sank that they were "holding our own." What the cook or any other crew member did or did not say will never be known.
The "old cook" in the song was actually a replacement for this particular voyage, as the normal cook was too ill to make this trip.
Lightfoot refers to Mariners' Church of Detroit as "The Maritime Sailors' Cathedral" in the lyrics.
Lightfoot says that the bell was rung 29 times, once for each crew member aboard the ship. Internet sources often incorrectly claim that the bell was also rung once more in honour of all people who had lost their lives at sea, for a total of 30 times. Reverend Richard W. Ingalls, Sr., rector of Mariners' Church, tolled the bell 29 times, not 30.[8][9] The practice of tolling a bell an additional time for all lives lost at sea began in November 10 memorial services following 1975.
In a later live recording, Lightfoot recounts that a parishioner of the church informed him that the church is not "musty." From that time, instead of singing "In a musty old hall...", he now sings "In a rustic old hall..."[10]
In March 2010, Lightfoot changed a line during live performances to reflect new findings that there was no crew error involved in the sinking. The line originally read, "At 7 p.m. a main hatchway caved in; he said..."; it is now sung as "At 7 p.m. it grew dark, it was then he said...". Lightfoot learned of the new research when contacted for permission to use his song for a History Channel documentary that aired on March 31, 2010. Lightfoot has stated that he has no intention of changing the copyrighted lyrics; he will instead, from now on, simply sing the new ones in live performances.[11]
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1976)
Peak
position
Australian KMR[12] 46
Canadian RPM Top Singles 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks 1
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 1
US Billboard Hot 100[13] 2
US Billboard Easy Listening 9
US Billboard Hot Country Singles 50
US Cash Box Top 100[14] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1976)
Rank
Canada RPM Top Singles[15] 12
US (Joel Whitburn's Pop Annual)[16] 36
US Cash Box[17] 22
Production[edit]
The song was recorded in December 1975 at Eastern Sound,[18] a recording studio made out of two Victorian houses at 48 Yorkville Avenue in a beatnik district of downtown Toronto, Canada. The famous studio, which also recorded Cat Stevens, Bruce Springsteen and Jimi Hendrix, was later torn down and replaced by a parking lot.[19]
The song was the first commercial early digital multi-track recording tracked on the prototype 3M 32-track digital recorder, a novel technology for the time.
Pee Wee Charles and Terry Clements came up with "the haunting guitar and steel riffs" on a "second take" during the evening session.[20]
"Lightfoot cleared the studio and killed all the lights save the one illuminating his parchment of scribbled words" when recording his vocal part.[21]
Derivative works[edit]
The Canadian art-rock group The Rheostatics recorded a version of the song for their 1991 album Melville.[22]
In 1995, two decades after Lightfoot's original song was written, singer-songwriter Camille West recorded a parody song with a similar rhythm titled "The Nervous Wreck of Edna Fitzgerald," about a well-to-do family's disastrous day at sea. She recorded and released it on her album Mother Tongue (subtitled "Maternal Madness, Month by Month") that year.[23] Ten years later, after she had joined the band Four Bitchin' Babes, she and the band performed the song live, prefacing it with the comment, "With apologies to Gordon Lightfoot." It was included on their album of that year, Gabby Road.[24]
Executive producer Paul Gross wanted to use the song for the Due South episode "Mountie on the Bounty." Lightfoot agreed, but only if Gross gained approval from the families of all the men who lost their lives in the wreck. Gross and Jay Semko instead created a song about a fictional shipwreck on the Great Lakes - "32 Down on the Robert McKenzie" [25]
NRBQ frequently performed "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" live, though in a less than serious manner. Video shows vocalist Terry Adams, reading from a lyrics sheet, chuckling as his voice cracks, while audience members throw debris at the stage.[26] They did this to mock the song, not as a serious cover version.[27]
Portland based music group The Dandy Warhols performed a cover of the song in 2009.[28]
See also[edit]
Music of Canada portal
1970s portal
Canadian rock
Music of Canada
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald: Song Lyrics". Gordon Lightfoot.
Jump up ^ DeYoung, Bill (March 2, 2010). "If You Could Read His Mind: A Conversation with Folk Music Legend Gordon Lightfoot". Connect Savannah.
Jump up ^ "Item Display. RPM". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 50: 23 January 1977 - 29 January 1977". Official Charts Company. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Whitesell, Lloyd (2008). The Music of Joni Mitchell. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0199719098.
Jump up ^ "Excerpt from Yachting magazine, 1979, 'This Goose is Golden'".
Jump up ^ Wert, Ray (November 10, 2011). "Remembering the Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, 36 Years Later". Jalopnik.
Jump up ^ McInnis, Joseph (1998). Fitzgerald's Storm: The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". Thunder Bay Press. p. 62. ISBN 1-882376-53-6.
Jump up ^ Schumacher, Michael (2005). Mighty Fitz. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 94. ISBN 1-58234-647-X.
Jump up ^ Balunda, George (November 2010). "Mariners’ Church of Detroit". Hour Detroit. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stevenson, Jane (March 26, 2010). "Lightfoot Changes 'Edmund Fitzgerald' Lyric". Toronto Sun.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top Singles - 1976". Tropicalglen.com. 1963-12-20. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles – Volume 26, No. 14 & 15, January 08 1977". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999). Pop Annual. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. ISBN 0-89820-142-X.
Jump up ^ http://50.6.195.142/archives/70s_files/1976YESP.html
Jump up ^ "Album Recording Notes". Lighfoot!. October 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Recording Studios used in Toronto: Eastern Sound". Bruce Cockburn + Toronto - A Historical Tour. October 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Charles, Peewee (October 23, 2016). "Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald....37 years ago today!!". The Steel Guitar Forum.
Jump up ^ Treece, Tom (October 23, 2016). "Me and 'The Wreck of the Edmond Fitzgerald'". But What Do I Know? Vol.1 Page 403.
Jump up ^ "Rheostatics". thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mother Tongue (Maternal Madness Month By Month)". Amazon.com. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gabby Road". Amazon.com. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pressland, Angela. "Paul's Music". PaulGross.org. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "NRBQ - Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". Retrieved 17 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". cbslocal.com. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Dandy Warhols - The Wreck Of The Edmund Fitzgerald". YouTube. 2009-06-30. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Rock'n Me"
by Steve Miller Band RPM Top Singles
number-one single
November 20, 1976 Succeeded by
"Tonight's The Night (Gonna Be Alright)"
by Rod Stewart
Preceded by
"The Games That Daddies Play"
by Conway Twitty RPM Country Tracks
number-one single
November 6, 1976 Succeeded by
"Why I Had to Pass This Way"
by Carroll Baker
[hide]
v
t
e
Gordon Lightfoot
Band musicians
Rick Haynes
Barry Keane
Mike Heffernan
Carter Lancaster
Former members
Red Shea
John Stockfish
Terry Clements
Pee Wee Charles
Albums
Lightfoot! (1966)
The Way I Feel (1967)
Did She Mention My Name? (1968)
Back Here on Earth (1968)
Sunday Concert (live) (1969)
Sit Down Young Stranger (1970)
Summer Side of Life (1971)
Don Quixote (1972)
Old Dan's Records (1972)
Sundown (1974)
Cold on the Shoulder (1975)
Summertime Dream (1976)
Endless Wire (1978)
Dream Street Rose (1980)
Shadows (1982)
Salute (1983)
East of Midnight (1986)
Waiting for You (1993)
A Painter Passing Through (1998)
Harmony (2004)
All Live (live) (2012)
Compilations
Early Lightfoot (1969)
The Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1970)
Classic Lightfoot (1971)
The Very Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1974)
The Very Best of Gordon Lightfoot, Vol. 2 (1975)
Gord's Gold (1975)
Early Morning Rain (1976)
Songbook (1985)
Gord's Gold Volume 2 (1988)
The Best of Gordon Lightfoot (1989)
The Original Lightfoot (1992)
The United Artists Collection (1993)
Songbook (1999)
Complete Greatest Hits (2002)
Singles
"(Remember Me) I'm the One" (1962)
"It's Too Late, He Wins/Negotiations" (1962)
"Adios, Adios" (1962)
"Day Before Yesterday" (1963)
"I'm Not Sayin'" (1965)
"Ribbon of Darkness" (1965)
"Spin Spin" (1966)
"Go Go Round" (1966)
"The Way I Feel" (1967)
"Canadian Railroad Trilogy" (1967)
"Black Day in July" (1968)
"Bitter Green" (1968)
"Me and Bobby McGee" (1970)
"If You Could Read My Mind" (1970)
"If I Could" (1971)
"Talking in Your Sleep" (1971)
"Summer Side of Life" (1971)
"Beautiful" (1972)
"Alberta Bound" (1972)
"You Are What I Am" (1972)
"The Same Old Obsession" (1972)
"Can't Depend on Love" (1973)
"It's Worth Believin'" (1973)
"Sundown" (1974)
"Carefree Highway" (1974)
"Rainy Day People" (1975)
"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976)
"Race Among the Ruins" (1976)
"The Circle Is Small (I Can See It in Your Eyes)" (1977)
"Daylight Katy" (1978)
"Dreamland" (1978)
"Dream Street Rose" (1980)
"If You Need Me" (1980)
"Baby Step Back" (1981)
"Blackberry Wine" (1982)
"In My Fashion" (1982)
"Salute (A Lot More Livin' to Do)" (1983)
"Without You" (1983)
"Anything for Love" (1986)
"Stay Loose" (1986)
"East of Midnight" (1987)
"Ecstasy Made Easy" (1987)
"I'll Prove My Love" (1993)
"Waiting for You" (1993)
"A Painter Passing Through" (1998)
"Inspiration Lady" (2004)
Related articles
Discography
Beautiful: A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot
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List of Caribbean islands by area
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This is a list of islands in the Caribbean by area, but the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands are not in the Caribbean Sea, but rather in the open North Atlantic Ocean. For related lists, see below.
Contents
1 Islands
1.1 Islands 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) and greater
1.2 Islands 300–999 km2 (116–386 sq mi)
1.3 Islands 100–299 km2 (39–115 sq mi)
1.4 Islands 30–99 km2 (12–38 sq mi)
1.5 Islands 10–29 km2 (3.9–11.2 sq mi)
1.6 Islands 5–9 km2 (1.9–3.5 sq mi)
2 See also
Islands[edit]
Islands 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) and greater[edit]
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
1 Cuba 105,806 40,852 Cuba
2 Hispaniola 76,479 29,529 Haiti and Dominican Republic
3 Jamaica 11,188 4320 Jamaica
4 Puerto Rico 8,896 3435 Puerto Rico
5 Trinidad 4,827 1864 Trinidad and Tobago
6 North Andros Island 3,439 1328 Bahamas
7 Isla de la Juventud 2,237 864 Cuba
8 Great Inagua Island 1,543 596 Bahamas
9 South Andros Island 1,447 559 Bahamas
10 Grand Bahama Island 1,373 530 Bahamas
11 Great Abaco Island 1,144 442 Bahamas
12 Martinique 1,128 436 Martinique
13 Isla Margarita 1,020 394 Venezuela
Islands 300–999 km2 (116–386 sq mi)[edit]
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
14 Basse-Terre 848 327 Guadeloupe
15 Cayo Romano 777 300 Cuba
16 Dominica 750 290 Dominica
17 Gonâve 743 287 Haiti
18 Cozumel 647 250 Mexico
19 Saint Lucia 616 238 Saint Lucia
20 Grande-Terre 587 226 Guadeloupe
21 Little Abaco Island 559 216 Bahamas
22 Eleuthera 518 200 Bahamas
23 Acklins Island 497 192 Bahamas
24 Long Island 448 173 Bahamas
25 Curaçao 444 171 Curaçao
26 Barbados 431 167 Barbados
27 Cat Island 389 150 Bahamas
28 Cayo Coco 370 143 Cuba
29 Saint Vincent 345 133 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
30 Cayo Sabinal 335 129 Cuba
31 Grenada 310 120 Grenada
32 Tobago 300 116 Trinidad and Tobago
Islands 100–299 km2 (39–115 sq mi)[edit]
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
33 Bonaire 294 113 Caribbean Netherlands
34 Mayaguana 280 110 Bahamas
35 Antigua 279 108 Antigua and Barbuda
36 Saint Croix 214 82 United States Virgin Islands
37 New Providence 207 80 Bahamas
38 Grand Cayman 196 76 Cayman Islands
39 Aruba 180 74 Aruba
40 Tortuga 178 69 Haiti
41 Saint Kitts 168 65 Saint Kitts and Nevis
42 San Salvador Island 163 63 Bahamas
43 Barbuda 161 61 Antigua and Barbuda
44 Marie Galante 158 61 Guadeloupe
45 Great Exuma 158 61 Bahamas
46 La Tortuga Island 156.6 61 Venezuela
47 Crooked Island 148 57 Bahamas
48 Middle Caicos 144.2 56 Turks and Caicos Islands
49 Vieques 135 52 Puerto Rico
50 Little Inagua 127 49 Bahamas
51 Roatan 125 48 Honduras
52 North Caicos 116.4 45 Turks and Caicos Islands
53 Saona Island 110 42 Dominican Republic
54 Cayo Guajaba 107 41 Cuba
55 Montserrat 102 39 Montserrat
56 Cayo Fragoso 101 39 Cuba
Islands 30–99 km2 (12–38 sq mi)[edit]
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
57 Providenciales 98 38 Turks and Caicos Islands
58 Nevis 93 36 Saint Kitts and Nevis
59 Anguilla 91 35 Anguilla
60 East Caicos 90.6 34 Turks and Caicos Islands
61 Saint Martin 87 37 Saint Martin and Sint Maarten
62 Saint Thomas 80.91 31.23 United States Virgin Islands
63 Rum Cay 78 30 Bahamas
64 Ambergris Caye 65 25 Belize
65 Blanquilla Island 64 - Venezuela
66 Colón Island 61 - Panama
67 Isla Mona 57 22 Puerto Rico
68 Coche Island 55 - Venezuela
69 Tortola 55.7 21.5 British Virgin Islands
70 Guanaja 55 - Honduras
71 Popa Island 53 - Panama
72 Bastimentos Island 52 - Panama
73 Île à Vache 52 20 Haiti
74 Saint John 51 19.6 United States Virgin Islands
75 Útila 49 - Honduras
76 Grande Cayemite 45 17 Haiti
77 Samana Cay 45 17 Bahamas
78 Cayo Saetia 42 - Cuba
79 La Orchila 40 - Venezuela
80 Anegada 38 15 British Virgin Islands
81 Cayo Largo del Sur 37.5 - Cuba
82 Cristóbal Island 37 - Panama
83 Cayman Brac 36 14 Cayman Islands
84 Carriacou 34 13 Grenada
85 Culebra 30.1 - Puerto Rico
Islands 10–29 km2 (3.9–11.2 sq mi)[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
86 Little Exuma 29 11 Bahamas
87 West Caicos 28 11 Turks and Caicos Islands
88 Beata Island 27 10 Dominican Republic
89 San Andrés 26 10 Colombia
90 Little Cayman 26 10 Cayman Islands
91 Cayo Cruz 26 10 Cuba
92 Big Pine Key 25.8 10 United States
93 Cubagua 24 - Venezuela
94 Ragged Island 23 9 Bahamas
95 South Caicos 21.2 8 Turks and Caicos Islands
96 Saint Barthélemy 21 8 Saint Barthélemy
97 Sint Eustatius 21 8.1 Caribbean Netherlands
98 Virgin Gorda 21 8 British Virgin Islands
99 Long Cay 21 8 Bahamas
100 La Désirade 20.64 - Guadeloupe
101 Tierra Bomba Island 19.8 - Colombia
102 Bequia 18.1 7 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
103 Grand Turk Island 17.39 6.71 Turks and Caicos Islands
104 Providencia 17 - Colombia
105 Cayo Agua Island 16 - Panama
106 Cayo Grande 15.1 5.8 Venezuela
107 Key West 13.65 5.27 United States
108 Cayo Guillermo 13 - Cuba
109 Saba 13 5 Caribbean Netherlands
110 Canouan 13 5 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
111 Big Corn Island 10 - Nicaragua
Islands 5–9 km2 (1.9–3.5 sq mi)[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank
Island
Area (km²)
Area (sq mi)
Country or Countries
112 Little San Salvador Island 9.7 - Bahamas
113 Catalina Island 9.6 - Dominican Republic
114 Terre-de-Bas 9 - Guadeloupe
115 Conception Island 8.5 3 Bahamas
116 Jost Van Dyke 8 3 British Virgin Islands
117 Union Island 8 3 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
118 Solarte Island 8 3 Panama
119 Isleta de San Juan 7.8 3 Puerto Rico
120 Salt Cay 6.74 2.60 Turks and Caicos Islands
121 Klein Bonaire 6 2.3 Caribbean Netherlands
122 Mustique 5.7 2.2 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
123 Navassa Island 5.2 2 United States (Claimed by Haiti)
124 Terre-de-Haut 5.2 - Guadeloupe
125 Isla Mujeres 5.2 2 Mexico
See also[edit]
List of islands in the Caribbean
List of Caribbean island countries by population
List of Caribbean islands by political affiliation
List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies
List of West Indian First-level Subdivisions
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Caribbean_islands_by_area&oldid=848734463"
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This page was last edited on 3 July 2018, at 23:09 (UTC).
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Great Inagua Island

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Great Abaco Island

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Isla Margarita

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Island of Gonâve

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Little Abaco Island

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Acklins Island

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Saint Vincent (island)

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Marie Galante

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Great Exuma

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Île à Vache

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Grande Cayemite

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Cayo Saetia

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Big Pine Key

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Providencia Island

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List of islands in the Caribbean

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Geography of the Caribbean

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Sport in the Caribbean

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Religion in the Caribbean

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