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2022 FIFA World Cup
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2022 FIFA World Cup
كأس العالم لكرة القدم 2022
Kaʾs al-ʿālam li-kurrat al-qadam 2022
Qatar 2022
Bid logo
Tournament details
Host country
Qatar
Dates
21 November – 18 December
Teams
32 (from 5 or 6 confederations)
Venue(s)
8 or 12 (in 5 or 8 host cities)
← 2018
2026 →
The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to be the 22nd edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Qatar in 2022. This will be the first World Cup ever to be held in the Arab world and the first in a Muslim-majority country. This will be the first World Cup held entirely in geographical Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan (the 2018 competition in Russia featured one geographically Asian venue, Yekaterinburg). In addition the tournament will be the last to involve 32 teams, with an increase to 48 teams scheduled for the 2026 tournament.
This will also mark the first World Cup not to be held in May, June, or July; the tournament is instead scheduled for late November until mid-December.[1] It is to be played in a reduced timeframe of around 28 days, with the final being held on 18 December 2022, which is also Qatar National Day.[2]
Accusations of corruption have been made relating to how Qatar won the right to host the event. A FIFA internal investigation and report cleared Qatar of any wrongdoing, but the chief investigator Michael J. Garcia has since described FIFA's report on his inquiry as "materially incomplete and erroneous".[3] On 27 May 2015, Swiss federal prosecutors opened an investigation into corruption and money laundering related to the awarding of the 2018 and 2022 World Cups.[4][5] On 6 August 2018, former FIFA president Sepp Blatter claimed that Qatar had used "black ops", suggesting that the bid committee had cheated to win the hosting rights.[6] Qatar has faced strong criticism due to the treatment of foreign workers involved in preparation for the World Cup, with Amnesty International referring to "forced labour" and stating that workers have been suffering human rights abuses, despite worker welfare standards being drafted in 2014.[7]
Contents
1 Host selection
2 Possible expansion
3 Qualification
3.1 Qualified teams
4 Venues
5 Schedule
6 Controversies
6.1 Migrant workers, slavery allegations and deaths
6.2 Move to November and December
6.3 Bidding corruption allegations
7 Sponsorship
8 Broadcasting rights
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Host selection[edit]
Main articles: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids and Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup bid
The bidding procedure to host the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups began in January 2009, and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest.[8] Initially, eleven bids were made for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but Mexico later withdrew from proceedings,[9][10] and Indonesia's bid was rejected by FIFA in February 2010 after the Indonesian Football Association failed to submit a letter of Indonesian government guarantee to support the bid.[11] Indonesian officials had not ruled out a bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, until Qatar took the 2022 cup. During the bidding process, all non-UEFA nations gradually withdrew their 2018 bids, thus making the UEFA nations ineligible for the 2022 bid.
In the end, there were five bids for the 2022 FIFA World Cup: Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea and the United States. The twenty-two member FIFA Executive Committee convened in Zürich on 2 December 2010 to vote to select the hosts of both tournaments.[12] Two FIFA executive committee members were suspended before the vote in relation to allegations of corruption regarding their votes.[13] The decision to host the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, which was graded as having "high operational risk",[14] generated criticism from media commentators.[15] It has been criticised as many to be part of the FIFA corruption scandals.[16]
The voting patterns were as follows:[17]
2022 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)
Bidders
Votes
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Qatar 11 10 11 14
United States 3 5 6 8
South Korea 4 5 5 Eliminated
Japan 3 2 Eliminated
Australia 1 Eliminated
There have been allegations of bribery and corruption in the selection process involving members of FIFA's executive committee. These allegations are being investigated by FIFA. (See § Bidding corruption allegations, below.)
Qatar is the smallest nation by area ever to have been awarded a FIFA World Cup – the next smallest by area is Switzerland, host of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, which is more than three times as large as Qatar and only needed to host 16 teams instead of the current 32.
Possible expansion[edit]
On 12 April 2018, CONMEBOL requested that FIFA expand the 2022 FIFA World Cup from 32 to 48 teams, four years before the 2026 FIFA World Cup as initially planned. FIFA President Gianni Infantino expressed willingness to consider the request.[18] However, the FIFA congress rejected the request shortly before the beginning of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Infantino said the global football governing body would not discuss the possibility of having a 48-team World Cup, and that they would first discuss the matter with the host country.[19]
Qualification[edit]
The qualification process for the 2022 World Cup has not yet been announced. All FIFA member associations, of which there are currently 211, are eligible to enter qualification. Qatar, as hosts, qualified automatically for the tournament. However, Qatar is obliged by the AFC to participate in the Asian qualifying stage as the first two rounds also act as qualification for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup. If they reach the final stage, their choice on whether to continue with World Cup qualifying is subject to FIFA approval. If the hosts choose not to compete, the next-ranked team will advance instead.[20] For the first time after the initial two tournaments of 1930 and 1934, the World Cup will be hosted by a country whose national team has never played a finals match before.[21]
The allocation of slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich after the FIFA Congress.[22] The committee decided that the same allocation as 2014 would be kept for the 2018 and 2022 tournaments:[23]
CAF (Africa): 5
AFC (Asia): 4.5 (not including host nation)
UEFA (Europe): 13
CONCACAF (North and Central America and Caribbean): 3.5
OFC (Oceania): 0.5
CONMEBOL (South America): 4.5
The qualifying draw is scheduled to take place in July 2019.[24]
Qualified teams[edit]
Team
Qualified as
Qualified on
Previous appearances in tournament1
Previous best
performance
Qatar Host nation 2 December 2010 None (debut) —
1 Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.
Venues[edit]
The first five proposed venues for the World Cup were unveiled at the beginning of March 2010. The stadiums aim to employ cooling technology capable of reducing temperatures within the stadium by up to 20 °C (36 °F), and the upper tiers of the stadiums will be disassembled after the World Cup and donated to countries with less developed sports infrastructure.[25] Qatar aims to build the stadiums with the highest sustainability and environmental standards. The stadiums will be equipped with cooling systems that are environmentally friendly overcoming the challenging environmental nature of the country. The plan is to build Zero Waste stadiums using environmentally friendly materials, harmless equipment, and ecologically sustainable solutions through the implementation of renewable and low energy solutions.[26] Qatar aspires to be compliant and certified by the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) for all the world cup stadiums. All of the five stadium projects launched have been designed by German architect Albert Speer & Partners.[27] Leading football clubs in Europe wanted the World Cup to take place from 28 April to 29 May rather than the typical June and July staging, due to concerns about the heat.[28]
A report released on 9 December 2010 quoted FIFA President Sepp Blatter as stating that other nations could host some matches during the World Cup. However, no specific countries were named in the report.[29] Blatter added that any such decision must be taken by Qatar first and then endorsed by FIFA's executive committee.[30] Prince Ali bin Al Hussein of Jordan told the Australian Associated Press that holding games in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and possibly Saudi Arabia would help to incorporate the people of the region during the tournament.[31]
According to a report released in April 2013 by Merrill Lynch, the investment banking division of Bank of America, the organisers in Qatar have requested FIFA to approve a smaller number of stadiums due to the growing costs.[32] Bloomberg.com said that Qatar wishes to cut the number of venues to eight or nine from the twelve originally planned.[33]
Although as of April 2017, FIFA had yet to finalise the number of stadiums Qatar must have ready in five years' time, Qatar's Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy said it expected there would be eight.[34][35]
Lusail
Al Khor
Al Rayyan
Al Wakrah
Lusail Iconic Stadium Al-Bayt Stadium Ahmed bin Ali Stadium Al Wakrah Stadium
Capacity: 86,250
(under construction) Capacity: 60,000
(under construction)[36] Capacity: 44,740
(Expanded for World Cup)[37] Capacity: 40,000
(under construction)[38]
Lusail
Doha
Al-Khor
Al-Wakrah
Al-Rayyan
Cities in Qatar being used
Foundation
Ras Abu Aboud
Khalifa
Al Thumama
Stadiums in Doha
Doha
Khalifa International Stadium Qatar Foundation Stadium Ras Abu Aboud Stadium Al Thumama Stadium
Capacity: 40,000
(upgraded)[39] Capacity: 45,350
(under construction)[40] Capacity: 40,000
(planned)[41] Capacity: 40,000
(under construction)[42]
Schedule[edit]
The final draw is scheduled to take place in April 2022.[24]
Controversies[edit]
Main article: List of 2022 FIFA World Cup controversies
A number of groups and media outlets have expressed concern over the suitability of Qatar to host the event,[43][44] with regard to interpretations of human rights, particularly worker conditions, the rights of fans in the LGBT community because the status of homosexuality is illegal in Qatar,[44][45][46][47] climatic conditions and accusations of Qatar for supporting terrorism both diplomatically and financially.[48] Hassan Abdulla al Thawadi, chief executive of the Qatar 2022 World Cup bid, said the Muslim state would also permit alcohol consumption during the event,[49][50] drinking in public is not permitted as Qatar's legal system is based on Sharia.[51]
The selection of Qatar as the host country has been controversial; FIFA officials were accused of corruption and allowing Qatar to "buy" the World Cup,[52] the treatment of construction workers was called into question by human rights groups,[53] and the high costs needed to make the plans a reality were criticised. The climate conditions caused some to call hosting the tournament in Qatar infeasible, with initial plans for air-conditioned stadiums giving way to a potential date switch from summer to winter. Sepp Blatter, who was FIFA President when Qatar was selected, later remarked that awarding the World Cup to Qatar was a "mistake" because of the extreme heat.[54][55]
Migrant workers, slavery allegations and deaths[edit]
The issue of migrant workers' rights has also attracted attention, with an investigation by The Guardian newspaper claiming that many workers are denied food and water, have their identity papers taken away from them, and that they are not paid on time or at all, making some of them in effect slaves. The Guardian has estimated that up to 4,000 workers may die due to lax safety and other causes by the time the competition is held.[53] These claims are based upon the fact that 522 Nepalese[56] workers and over 700 Indian[57] workers have died since 2010, when Qatar's bid as World Cup's host was won, about 250 Indian workers dying each year.[58] Given that there are half a million Indian workers in Qatar, the Indian government says that is quite a normal number of deaths.[58] In the United Kingdom, in any group of half a million 25- to 30-year-old men, an average of 300 die each year, a higher rate than among Indian workers in Qatar.[58]
In 2015, a crew of four journalists from the BBC were arrested and held for two days after they attempted to report on the condition of workers in the country.[59] The reporters had been invited to visit the country as guests of the Government of Qatar.[59]
The Wall Street Journal reported in June 2015 the International Trade Union Confederation's claim that over 1,200 workers had died while working on infrastructure and real-estate projects related to the World Cup, and the Qatar Government's counter-claim that none had.[60] The BBC later reported that this often-cited figure of 1,200 workers having died in World Cup construction in Qatar between 2011 and 2013 is not correct, and that the 1,200 number is instead representing deaths from all Indians and Nepalese working in Qatar, not just of those workers involved in the preparation for the World Cup, and not just of construction workers.[58] Most Qatar nationals avoid doing manual work or low-skilled jobs; additionally, they are given preference at the workplace.[61] Michael van Praag, president of Royal Dutch Football Association, requested the FIFA Executive Committee to pressure Qatar over those allegations to ensure better workers' conditions. He also stated that a new vote on the attribution of the World Cup to Qatar would have to take place if the corruption allegations were to be proved.[62]
In March 2016, Amnesty International accused Qatar of using forced labour and forcing the employees to live in poor conditions and withholding their wages and passports. It accused FIFA of failing to stop the stadium being built on "human right abuses". Migrant workers told Amnesty about verbal abuse and threats they received after complaining about not being paid for up to several months. Nepali workers were even denied leave to visit their family after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. [63]
In October 2017, the International Trade Union Confederation said that Qatar has signed an agreement to improve the situation of more than 2 million migrant workers in the country. According to the ITUC, the agreement provided for establishing substantial reforms in labour system, including ending the Al-Kafala system. The ITUC also stated that the agreement would positively affect the general situation of workers, especially of those who work on the 2022 FIFA World Cup infrastructure projects. The workers will no longer need their employer's permission to leave the country or change their jobs.[64]
Move to November and December[edit]
Owing to the climate in Qatar, concerns were expressed over holding the World Cup in its traditional timeframe of June and July. In October 2013, a task force was commissioned to consider alternative dates and report after the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.[65] On 24 February 2015, the FIFA Task Force proposed that the tournament be played from late November to late December 2022,[66] to avoid the summer heat between May and September and also avoid clashing with the 2022 Winter Olympics in February and Ramadan in April.[67][68]
The notion of staging the tournament in November is controversial since it would interfere with the regular season schedules of some domestic leagues around the world. Commentators have noted the clash with the Western Christmas season is likely to cause disruption, whilst there is concern about how short the tournament is intended to be.[69] FIFA executive committee member Theo Zwanziger said that awarding the 2022 World Cup to Qatar's desert state was a "blatant mistake".[70] Frank Lowy, chairman of Football Federation Australia, said that if the 2022 World Cup were moved to November and thus upset the schedule of the A-League, they would seek compensation from FIFA.[71] Richard Scudamore, chief executive of the Premier League, stated that they would consider legal action against FIFA because a move would interfere with the Premier League's popular Christmas and New Year fixture programme.[72] On 19 March 2015, FIFA sources confirmed that the 2022 World Cup final would be played on 18 December.[73]
Bidding corruption allegations[edit]
See also: Garcia Report
Qatar has faced growing pressure over its hosting of the World Cup in relation to allegations over the role of former top football official Mohammed bin Hammam played in securing the bid.[74] A former employee of the Qatar bid team alleged[year needed] that several African officials were paid $1.5 million by Qatar.[75] She retracted her claims, but later said she was coerced to do so by Qatari bid officials.[76][77] More suspicions emerged[to whom?] in March 2014 when it was discovered[by whom?] that disgraced former CONCACAF president Jack Warner and his family were paid almost $2 million from a firm linked to Qatar's successful campaign. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is investigating Warner and his alleged links to the Qatari bid.[78]
Five of FIFA's six primary sponsors, Sony, Adidas, Visa, Hyundai and Coca-Cola, have called upon FIFA to investigate the claims.[79][80] The Sunday Times published bribery allegations based on a leak of millions of secret documents.[81] Jim Boyce, Vice President of FIFA, has gone on record stating he would support a re-vote to find a new host if the corruption allegations are proven.[82][83] FIFA completed a lengthy investigation into these allegations and a report cleared Qatar of any wrongdoing. Despite the claims, the Qataris insist that the corruption allegations are being driven by envy and mistrust while Sepp Blatter said it is fueled by racism in the British media.[84][85]
In the 2015 FIFA corruption case, Swiss officials, operating under information from the United States Department of Justice, arrested many senior FIFA officials in Zurich, Switzerland. They also seized physical and electronic records from FIFA's main headquarters. The arrests continued in the United States where several FIFA officers were arrested and FIFA buildings raided. The arrests were made on the information of at least a $150 million (USD) corruption and bribery scandal.[86]
On 7 June 2015, Phaedra Almajid, the former media officer for the Qatar bid team, claimed that the allegations would result in Qatar not hosting the World Cup.[87] In an interview published on the same day, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit and Compliance Committee, stated that "should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled."[88][89]
Sponsorship[edit]
FIFA partners
FIFA World Cup sponsors
Adidas[90]
Coca-Cola[91]
Hyundai–Kia[92]
Qatar Airways[93]
Visa[94]
Anheuser-Busch InBev[95]
Vivo[96]
Broadcasting rights[edit]
Albania – RTSH[97]
Armenia – ARMTV[97]
Australia – SBS[98]
Austria – ORF[97]
Azerbaijan – İTV[97]
Belarus – BTRC[97]
Belgium – VRT, RTBF[97]
Bosnia and Herzegovina – BHRT[97]
Brazil – Rede Globo, SporTV[99]
Bulgaria – BNT[97]
Canada – CTV, TSN, RDS[100]
Caribbean – International Media Content, SportsMax[101]
China – CCTV[102]
Croatia – HRT[97]
Cyprus – CyBC[97]
Czech Republic – ČT[97]
Estonia – ERR[97]
Europe – European Broadcasting Union (37 countries)[97]
France - TF1[103], beIN Sports[103]
Germany – ARD, ZDF[104]
Georgia – GPB[97]
Hungary – MTVA[97]
Iceland – RÚV[97]
Ireland – RTÉ[97]
Israel – IPBC[97]
Kosovo – RTK[97]
Latvia – LTV[97]
Lithuania – LRT[97]
Luxembourg – RTL Group[97]
Macedonia – MRT[97]
Malta – PBS[97]
Mexico – Televisa, TV Azteca[97]
Middle East and North Africa - beIN Sports[105]
Moldova – TRM[97]
Montenegro – RTCG[97]
Netherlands – NOS[97]
New Zealand – Sky Sport[106]
Poland – TVP[97]
Portugal – RTP[107]
Romania – TVR[97]
Serbia – RTS[97]
Slovakia – RTVS[108]
Sweden – SVT, TV4[109]
Switzerland - SRF[97]
Turkey – TRT[97]
Ukraine – UA:PBC[97]
United Kingdom – BBC, ITV[110]
United States – Fox Sports,[111] Telemundo Deportes[112]
See also[edit]
2020s portal
Middle East portal
2021 FIFA Confederations Cup
2026 FIFA World Cup
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Jump up ^ "Qatar Airways announced as Official Partner and Official Airline of FIFA until 2022". FIFA. 7 May 2017. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Mickle, Tripp (1 April 2013). "Visa extending World Cup deal for eight years". Sports Business Daily. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "FIFA and Anheuser-Busch InBev announce FIFA World Cup sponsorship for 2018 / 2022". FIFA. 25 October 2011. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Carp, Sam (31 May 2017). "Fifa agrees massive World Cup deal with Vivo". SportsPro. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah "EBU in European media rights deal with FIFA for 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups™" (Press release). European Broadcasting Union. 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Hassett, Sebastian (28 October 2011). "SBS locks in two more World Cups". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Globo buys broadcast rights to 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups™". FIFA. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bell Media lands deal for FIFA soccer from 2015 through 2022". TSN. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Myers, Sanjay (28 October 2011). "SportsMax lands long-term FIFA package". Jamaica BServer. Archived from the original on 29 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "FIFA grants media rights in China PR to CCTV until 2022". FIFA. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b FIFA.com (2016-01-14). "FIFA grants media rights in France to TF1 and beIN SPORTS for major tournaments". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
Jump up ^ "BBC, ITV, ARD and ZDF sign World Cup TV deals". sportspromedia.com. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
Jump up ^ FIFA.com (2011-01-26). "Al Jazeera Sport buys broadcast rights to 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups™". FIFA. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Sky Sports signs eight-year deal with FIFA". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Barros, Carlos. "RTP e Seleção Nacional até 2018". RTP.pt. Rádio e Televisão de Portugal. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "[1]." teraz.sk. Retrieved 27 January 2018. "RTVS získala vysielacie práva na zápasy EURO 2020 a MS 2022."
Jump up ^ Ekeliw, Jonathan. "SVT och TV4 delar på fotbolls-VM till 2022". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 30 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "BBC and ITV win rights to 2018 and 2022 Fifa World Cup finals". BBC Sport. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
Jump up ^ FIFA.com (21 October 2011). "FIFA awards US TV Rights for 2015–2022".
Jump up ^ Longman, Jeré (21 October 2011). "Fox and Telemundo Win U.S. Rights to World Cups". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
External links[edit]
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Yahoo! Answers
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Yahoo! Answers
A screenshot of a Yahoo! Answers question.
Type of site
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Available in
Chinese, English, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Vietnamese
Website
answers.yahoo.com
Commercial
No
Launched
June 28, 2005; 12 years ago (2005-06-28)
Current status
Active
Yahoo! Answers is a community-driven question-and-answer (Q&A) website or a knowledge market from Yahoo!, that allows users to both submit questions to be answered and answer questions asked by other users.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Site operation
3 Level table
4 Badges
4.1 Top Contributor
4.2 Staff
4.3 Official
4.4 Knowledge Partners
5 Academic studies
6 Quality of answers
7 Promotions and events
7.1 Yamster
7.2 Special guests
8 Site statistics
9 In popular media
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
History[edit]
The website Yahoo! was officially incorporated on March 2, 1995, and was created by Jerry Yang and David Filo. The website began as a search directory for various websites, and soon grew into an established Internet resource that features the "Yahoo! Answers" platform.[1] Yahoo! Answers was launched on June 28, 2005, while in internal alpha testing by Director of Engineering, Ofer Shaked.[2][3][4] Yahoo! Answers was launched to the general public while in beta testing on December 8, 2005,[5][6] which lasted until May 14, 2006. Yahoo! Answers was finally incorporated for general availability on May 15, 2006.[7]
Yahoo! Answers was created to replace Ask Yahoo!, Yahoo!'s former Q&A platform which was discontinued in March 2006.[8] The site gives members the chance to earn points as a way to encourage participation and is based on Naver's Knowledge iN. Yahoo! Answers is available in 12 languages, but several Asian sites operate a different platform which allows for non-Latin characters. The platform is known as Yahoo! Chiebukuro (Yahoo!知恵袋) in Japan[9] and as Yahoo! Knowledge in Korea, Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong.[citation needed] An Arabic language Q&A platform called Seen Jeem is available through the Yahoo! subsidiary Maktoob.
On December 8, 2016, Yahoo! released an app for the platform called Yahoo! Answers Now (formally known as Yahoo! Hive) for iOS and Android.[10][11][12][13][14]
The number of poorly formed questions and inaccurate answers has made the site a target of ridicule.[15][16]
Site operation[edit]
Yahoo! Answers allows any questions that do not violate Yahoo! Answers community guidelines.[17] To encourage good answers, helpful participants are occasionally featured on the Yahoo! Answers Blog. Though the service itself is free, the contents of the answers are owned by the respective users – while Yahoo! maintains a non-exclusive royalty-free worldwide right to publish the information.[18] Chat is explicitly forbidden in the Community Guidelines, although categories like Politics and Religion & Spirituality are mostly opinion.[19] Users may also choose to reveal their Yahoo! Messenger ID on their Answers profile page.
Misuse of Yahoo! Answers is handled by a user moderation system, where users report posts that are in breach of guidelines or the Terms of Service. Posts are removed if they receive sufficient weight of trusted reports (reports from users with a reliable reporting history). Deletion may be appealed: an unsuccessful appeal receives a 10-point penalty; a successful one reinstates the post and reduces the 'trust rating' (reporting power) of the reporter. If a user receives a large number of violations in a relatively short amount of time or a very serious violation, it can cause the abuser's account to be suspended. In extreme, but rare cases (for a Terms of Service violation), the abuser's entire Yahoo! ID will be suddenly deactivated without warning.
To open an account, a user needs a Yahoo! ID but can use any name as identification on Yahoo! Answers. A user can be represented by a picture from various internet avatar sites or a user-made graphic uploaded to replace their default Yahoo graphic. Yahoo! Avatars was discontinued in 2012. When answering a question, a user can search Yahoo! or Wikipedia, or any source of information that the user wishes, as long as they mention their source.
Questions are initially open to answers for four days. However, the asker can choose to pick a best answer for the question after a minimum of one hour. However, comments and answers can still be posted after this time.[20] To ask a question, one has to have a Yahoo! account with a positive score balance of five points or more.
The points system is weighted to encourage users to answer questions and to limit spam questions. There are also levels (with point thresholds), which give more site access.[21] Points and levels have no real world value, cannot be traded, and serve only to indicate how active a user has been on the site. A notable downside to the points/level system is that it encourages people to answer questions even when they do not have a suitable answer to give to gain points. Users also receive ten points for contributing the "Best Answer" which is selected by the question's asker. The voting function, which allowed users to vote for the answer they considered best, was discontinued in April 2014.
In addition to points awarded for activity,[21] Yahoo! Answers staff may also award extra points if they are impressed with a user's contributions.[22] The Yahoo! Answers community manager has stated that "power users" who defend the company should be thanked and rewarded.[23]
Level table[edit]
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
Level 7
Points 1–249 250–999 1,000–2,499 2,500–4,999 5,000–9,999 10,000–24,999 25,000+
Questions 5 10 15 20 20 20 20
Answers 20 80 120 160 160 160 160
Commentaries 10 20 30 40 40 40 40
Stars 10 100 100 100 100 100 100
Evaluation permission No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Note: All limitations are per day.
Users begin on level 1 and receive 100 free points. Prior to this, they began on level 0, could only answer one question, and then were promoted to level 1.
Before April 20, 2012, users levels 5 and above could give an unlimited amount of questions, answers, and comments. Yahoo! Answers established an upper limit to curb spam and unproductive answers.[24] Before April 2014 users were also able to vote for a best answer if the asker did not choose one, but this was discontinued.
Badges[edit]
Top Contributor[edit]
The point system ostensibly encourages users to answer as many questions as they possibly can, up to their daily limit. Once a user achieves and maintains a certain minimum number of such contributions (See Note*, further...), they may receive an orange "badge" under the name of their avatar, naming the user a Top Contributor (TC). Users can lose this badge if they do not maintain their level of participation.[25] Once a user becomes a "Top Contributor" in any category, the badge appears in all answers, questions, and comments by the user, regardless of category. A user can be a Top Contributor in a maximum of 3 categories.[25] The list of Top contributors is updated every Monday.[25] Although Yahoo! Answers staff has kept secret the conditions of becoming a TC, many theories exist among users, for example:
Maintaining a weekly (mystery) "quota" of answers in the category.
User wanting to become a TC must have more than or equal to 12% Best answers.
User should be at least on level 2, although there have been claims[citation needed] that first-level users with TC Badge have been seen.
User should concentrate only on one particular category to become a Top Contributor for that category.
Out of these, none have an official status. This feature began March 8, 2007.
Staff[edit]
Badge is seen under the name staff members of Yahoo! Answers.[26]
Official[edit]
This type of badge is found on the name of celebrities (like mentioned above) and government departments like the health department.[26]
Knowledge Partners[edit]
These badges are found under the name of the companies or organizations who share their personal knowledge and experience with the members of Yahoo! Answers.[26]
Academic studies[edit]
A number of studies have looked at the structure of the community and the interaction between askers and responders. Studies of user typology on the site have revealed that some users answer from personal knowledge – "specialists" – while others use external sources to construct answers – "synthesists", with synthesists tending to accumulate more reward points.[27] Adamic et al. looked at the ego networks of users and showed that it is possible to distinguish "answer people" from "discussion people" with the former found in specialist categories for factual information, such as mathematics and the latter more common in general interest categories, such as marriage and wrestling. They also show that answer length is a good predictor of "best answer" choice.[28] Kim and Oh looked at the comments given by users on choosing best answers and showed that content completeness, solution feasibility and personal agreement/confirmation were the most significant criteria.[29]
Quality of answers[edit]
Researchers found that questions seeking factual information received few answers and that the knowledge on Yahoo! Answers is not very deep.[19]
Despite the presence of experts, academics and other researchers, Yahoo! Answers' base consists of a much more general group; hence, it has been criticized for the large number of dubious questions, such as "how is babby formed how girl get pragnent" [sic], which sparked an Internet meme.
This "Internet language" of incorrect spelling and improper grammar also contributes to Yahoo! Answers' reputation of being a source of entertainment rather than a fact based question and answer platform,[30][31] and for the reliability, validity, and relevance of its answers. A 2008 study found that Yahoo! Answers is suboptimal for questions requiring factual answers and that the quality decreases as the number of users increases.[32] One journalist observed that the structure Yahoo! Answers provides, particularly the persistence of inaccuracies, the inability to correct them, and a point structure that rewards participation more readily than accuracy, all indicate that the site is oriented towards encouraging use of the site, not offering accurate answers to questions.[33] The number of poorly formed questions and inaccurate answers has made the site a target of ridicule.[15][16] Likewise, posts on many Internet forums and Yahoo! Answers itself indicate that Yahoo! Answers attracts a large number of trolls.
The site does not have a system that filters the correct answers from the incorrect answers.[34] At one time, the community could vote for the best answer among the posted answers; but that option was disabled in March 2014.[35] For most of the life of Yahoo! Answers, once the "best answer" was chosen, there was no way to add more answers nor to improve or challenge the best answer chosen by the question asker; there is a display of thumbs down or thumbs up for each answer, but viewers cannot vote. In April 2014, this was changed to allow for additional answers after a best answer is chosen, but the best answer can never be changed. Also, while "best answers" can be briefly commented upon, the comment is not visible by default and is hence hardly read.[citation needed] (Even the user who posts the question isn't notified, before or after the best answer is picked, about a comment on the question or on the best answer.) If the best answer chosen is wrong or contains problematic information, the only chance to give a better (or correct) answer will be the next time the same question is asked. The older answer will likely get higher priority in search engines. Any new answer will most probably not be seen by any original questioner.[original research?]
Promotions and events[edit]
Yamster[edit]
The Yahoo! Answers green smiley.
The official Yahoo! Answers mascot is a cartoon hamster called Yamster. Yamster is a combination, or portmanteau, of the words "Yahoo" and "hamster". The mascot is also used as an avatar for Yahoo! Answers staff.[36]
During beta testing of Yahoo! Answers in 2005, the Director of Product Management would use a Gemmy Kung Fu Hamster to summon employees to meetings. The toy was a battery-operated, dancing, musical plush hamster clothed in a karate uniform. A Yahoo! Answers employee selected a photo of the toy as the staff avatar.[37] A user then questioned the potential trademark/copyright infringement of using such an avatar. At that time, the photo was replaced with the Yahoo! Answers green smiley face. At the beginning of 2006, the green smiley face was replaced by the cartoon Yamster clad in a karate uniform.[38] As of November 2009[update], the history of Yamster, complete with photos of the toy, was available on the Yahoo! Answers Team Vietnam blog.[39]
Special guests[edit]
Several celebrities and notables have appeared on Yahoo! Answers to ask questions. These users have an "official" badge below their avatar and on their profile page. During the 2008 U.S. Presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton, John McCain, Barack Obama, and Mitt Romney posted questions on Yahoo! Answers, in addition to YouTube.[40] In an awareness campaign, "UNICEF Up Close 2007", nine UNICEF ambassadors asked questions.[41][42] The launch of Answers on Yahoo! India included a question from A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the President of India at that time.[43] Other guests have included international leaders (Queen Rania of Jordan,[44] candidate for United Nations Secretary-General Shashi Tharoor[45]), Nobel Peace Prize laureates (Al Gore,[46][47] Muhammad Yunus[48]) and other international activists (Bono,[46] Jean-Michel Cousteau[49]), intellectuals (Stephen Hawking,[46] Marilyn vos Savant[47]), and numerous other celebrities.
Site statistics[edit]
Yahoo! used comScore statistics in December 2006 to proclaim Yahoo! Answers "the leading Q&A site on the web".[50] Currently[when?] Yahoo! Answers is ranked as the second most popular Q&A site on the web by comScore.[51][52] The slogan "The world's leading Q&A site" has since been adopted by Answers.com.
In 2009, Yahoo! Answers staff claimed 200 million users worldwide[53] and 15 million users visiting daily.[54] Google Trends has reported around 4 million unique visitors (Global) daily.[55] In January 2010, the web analytics website Quantcast reported 24 million active users (US) per month; in November 2015, that had fallen by 77% to 5.6 million.[56] Quantcast traffic statistics for Yahoo! Answers, January 2010:
24,201,619 people per month (US)
62,171,200 visits per month (US)
For January 1–30, 2015:
11,273,839 people per month (US)
For October 31 – November 29, 2015:
5,555,080 people per month (US)
For December 1 – December 30, 2015:
4,546,016 people per month (US)
Google Ad Planner traffic statistics for Yahoo! Answers, December 2009:[57]
26,000,000 unique visitors (users) (US)
110,000,000 total visits (US)
Compete Site Analytics traffic statistics for Yahoo! Answers, December 2009:[58]
33,090,163 unique visitors (US)
64,928,634 visits (US)
Yahoo! Answers represents between 1.03%[59] to 1.7%[60] of Yahoo! traffic.
In popular media[edit]
The comedy/advice podcast My Brother, My Brother and Me features a reoccurring segment in which co-host Griffin McElroy selects and reads a particularly humorous or outrageous question from Yahoo! Answers. The hosts then discuss and attempt to answer the question, to comedic effect.[61] [62]
The Internet troll Ken M is a regular user on Yahoo! Answers, posting comments that confound and annoy other users. There are several communities on social media sites such as Reddit and Facebook dedicated to observing his antics, especially on Yahoo! Answers.[63][64] Ken was named as one of Time's most influential people online in 2016.[65]
See also[edit]
List of question-and-answer websites
Ask MetaFilter
Askalo
Askville
Blurtit
GirlsAskGuys
Google Answers
Q&A software
Hunch
Knowledge Search
LinkedIn Answers
Quora
Stack Exchange
Wiki Answers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mccullough, Brian. "On the 20th Anniversary – The History of Yahoo's Founding". Internet History Podcast.
Jump up ^ "First/oldest Y!A account - Director of Engineering, Ofer Shaked's Yahoo! Answers account, created on June 28, 2005". Yahoo! Answers. 2005-06-28. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
Jump up ^ "SiliconBeat: Yahoo Answers". SiliconBeat. 2005-12-07. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
Jump up ^ "The Birth of Yahoo Answers - Search Engine Watch". Search Engine Watch. 2005-12-07. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo launches Q&A service - CNET News.com". CNET. 2005-12-07. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Answers - Home on December 10, 2005". Wayback Machine. December 10, 2005. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo - Yahoo! Search Leverages Human Knowledge From Yahoo! Answers to Improve Web Search; Yahoo! Answers Surpasses 10 Million Answers to Everyday Questions From Real People". Yahoo! Investor. 2006-05-15. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Barry (December 13, 2006). "Yahoo Answers Birthday: One Year Old". Search Engine Land. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Chiebukuro Website". Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Answers Now on the App Store". iTunes. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Answers Now - Android Apps on Google Play". Google Play. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Answers Now is a standalone app for iOS". Engadget. 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo officially launches its Yahoo Answers Q&A mobile app - VentureBeat". VentureBeat. 2016-12-08. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Answers makes its official mobile debut - TechCrunch". TechCrunch. 2016-12-09. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Raphael, J. R. (December 17, 2009). "The 20 Dumbest Questions on Yahoo Answers". PC World. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Ahmed, Murad (January 3, 2009). "Ask a silly question..." The Times. London. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Community guidelines". Yahoo! Answers. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Terms of Service". Yahoo! Terms. Retrieved August 22, 2012. 9) Content submitted or made available for inclusion on the Yahoo! Services: Yahoo! does not claim ownership of Content you submit or make available for inclusion on the Yahoo! Services. However, with respect to Content you submit or make available for inclusion on publicly accessible areas of the Yahoo! Services, you grant Yahoo! the following worldwide, royalty-free and non-exclusive license(s), as applicable
^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Nicole Casal (April 21, 2008). "Users of Yahoo Answers seek advice, opinion, expertise". University of Michigan News Service. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "What if my question doesn't receive any answers?". Yahoo! Help. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yahoo! Answers – Point System". Yahoo! Answers. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A person in my category has -9,000 points this week. (Yes, that's a minus.) Someone else has -22% Best Answers. (Also a minus)". Yahoo! Answers Suggestion Board. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved August 22, 2012. Sometimes when we [Yahoo!Answers employees] are impressed with a user's answer quality or overall contribution to make Answers a better place, we award extra points as a mark of encouragement.
Jump up ^ "Managing the Mob: What to do when things go wrong". Socialtext. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Limitations on Level 5, 6 and 7 Users". Yahoo! Answers Blog. April 18, 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "What is a Top Contributor?". Yahoo! Answers. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "What do the different badges on Yahoo! Answers mean?". Yahoo!Answers. December 7, 2009. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gazan, R.; et al. (2006). "Specialists and Synthesists in a Question Answering Community". 69th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST), Austin (US), 3–8 November 2006. Richard B. Hill. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.6014  . Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Adamic, L.; et al. (2008). "Knowledge Sharing and Yahoo Answers: Everyone Knows Something". WWW 2008 / Refereed Track: Social Networks & Web 2.0 -Analysis of Social Networks & Online Interaction. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
Jump up ^ Kim, S.; Oh, S. (2009). "Users' relevance criteria for evaluating answers in a social Q&A site". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60 (4): 716. doi:10.1002/asi.21026.
Jump up ^ "Stet". The New York Times. July 20, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Modine, Austin (June 9, 2009). "Wolfram Alpha to venture beyond boron nucleus". The Register. Southport, England: Situation Publishing. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Liu, Yandong; Agichtein, Eugene (2008). "On the Evolution of the Yahoo! Answers QA Community" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Liebenluft, Jacob (December 7, 2007). "A Librarian's Worst Nightmare: Yahoo! Answers, where 120 million users can be wrong". Slate. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Angwin, Julia (December 23, 2008). "Looking for a Few Good Answers Online". WSJ.
Jump up ^ "Important Changes to Answers". Yahoo! Answers official blog. March 20, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Answers Team's Profile". Answers.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MyThings – View Item: KungFu Hamster". Archived from the original on November 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "What is the history of the Yahoo! Answers Hamster?". Answers.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Y! Answers _ Yamster". Archived from the original on November 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mills, Elinor (April 11, 2007). "Presidential candidates to appear on YouTube". CNET News. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Answers Unicef And Widgets Vista". WebProNews. January 30, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "UNICEF Up Close 2007". 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "`Yahoo! Answers' launched". The Hindu Business Line. The Hindu Group. January 14, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Queen Rania of Jordan's Activity – Yahoo! Answers". Answers.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shashi Tharoor's Activity – Yahoo! Answers". Answers.yahoo.com. February 1, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sample, Ian (July 8, 2006). "Hawking turns to Yahoo for answers to his big question". The Guardian. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Herman, Michele (June 23, 2006). "Answer Al Gore's Question, Win a Prius". Extra Helping. School Library Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "How can you help to create a poverty-free world? – Yahoo! Answers". Answers.yahoo.com. December 6, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jean-Michel Cousteau's Activity – Yahoo! Answers". Answers.yahoo.com. June 7, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Answers Celebrates One Year of Knowledge and Success as Poll Reveals Use and Influence of Q&A Sites" (Press release). Business Wire. December 13, 2006. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Who's Scorched Up comScore In September, You Ask?". October 15, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Answers.com Announces September comScore Rank of No. 13, up from No. 18 in August" (Press release). Business Wire. October 15, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo! Answers hits 200 million visitors – December 14, 2009". Yanswersblog.com. December 14, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Did you know? – October 5, 2009". Yanswersblog.com. October 5, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Trends for Yahoo! Answers". Google. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
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Jump up ^ "Site Profile for answers.yahoo.com". Site Analytics. October 26, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hopkins, Heather (March 5, 2009). "Yahoo! Mail More than One Third of Yahoo! Traffic". Experian Hitwise blogs. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo.com site info". Alexa.com. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "My Brother, My Brother, and Me". Maximum Fun. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Lavender, Dave (8 November 2010). "McElroy brothers find success with podcast". The Herald-Dispatch. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ken M dedicated Reddit site". Reddit.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ken M official Facebook page". Facebook.com. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Independent article on Ken M". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Gomes, Lee (August 23, 2006). "Portals: Success, greed in the new economy of web point payouts". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008.
External links[edit]
Official website
Quicken Support Phone Number
Yahoo Answers
Answers architect
Yahoo! Answers Suggestion Board
Answers API
Ask Yahoo!, Yahoo!'s former Q&A site, now merged with Answers
Python wrapper over Answers API
Introducing the new Yahoo! Answers (Tumblr announcement)
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Yahoo! Style

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Yahoo! Developer Network

values: List of mergers and acquisitions by Yahoo!

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Yahoo! China

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values: ياهو! أنسرز – Arabic

values: Yahoo! Kî-mô͘ Tì-sit + – Chinese (Min Nan)

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