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Wagon Wheel (song)
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"Wagon Wheel"
Song by Old Crow Medicine Show
from the album O.C.M.S.
Released
February 24, 2004
Recorded
2003 at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee
Genre
Country
Americana
folk
bluegrass
Length
3:52
Label
Nettwerk
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Ketch Secor[1]
Producer(s)
David Rawlings
O.C.M.S. track listing
"We're All in This Together"
(10) "Wagon Wheel"
(11)
Music video
"Wagon Wheel" on YouTube
"Wagon Wheel" is a song co-written by Bob Dylan and Ketch Secor of Old Crow Medicine Show.[2] Dylan recorded the chorus in 1973; Secor added verses 25 years later. Old Crow Medicine Show's final version was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in April 2013.[3]
The song has been covered numerous times, notably by Nathan Carter in 2012 and Darius Rucker in 2013. Rucker's version reached No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart and was certified triple Platinum by the RIAA in March 2014.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Content
2 Background and writing
3 Creative rights
4 Popularity
5 Certification
6 Nathan Carter version
6.1 Track listing
6.2 Music video
6.3 Chart performance
7 Darius Rucker version
7.1 Backstory
7.2 Genre
7.3 Critical reception
7.4 Music video
7.5 Chart performance
7.6 Charts and certifications
7.7 Weekly charts
7.8 Year-end charts
7.9 Certifications
8 Other covers
9 In popular culture
10 References
11 External links
Content[edit]
The song describes a hitchhiking journey south along the eastern coast of the United States, from New England in the northeast, through Roanoke, Virginia with the intended destination of Raleigh, North Carolina, where the narrator hopes to see his lover. As the narrator is walking south of Roanoke, he catches a ride with a trucker who is traveling from Philadelphia through Virginia westward toward the Cumberland Gap and Johnson City, Tennessee.
Old Crow Medicine Show's version of the song is in 2/4 time signature, with an approximate tempo of 76 half notes per minute. It uses the I–V–vi–IV pattern in the key of A major, with the main chord pattern of A–E–F♯m–D.
Background and writing[edit]
"I'd gotten a (Bob) Dylan bootleg in like ninth grade and I let (band co-founder) Ketch (Secor) listen to it, and he wrote the verses because Bob kind of mumbles them and that was it. We've been playing that song since we were like 17, and it's funny because we've never met Dylan, but the song is technically co-written by Bob Dylan. What's great about "Wagon Wheel" is that it has grown organically. The popularity of it was all based on word of mouth. There was no radio airplay for it. We made a music video for it, but it wasn't "November Rain" or anything. No one was like, 'Oh my God, what's this video about?' And 16 years later, it went gold, then Darius Rucker cut it."[5]
Chris "Critter" Fuqua
"Wagon Wheel" is composed of two different parts. The chorus and melody for the song come from a demo recorded by Bob Dylan during the Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid sessions in February 1973.[6][7] Although never officially released, the Dylan song was released on a bootleg, usually named after the chorus and its refrain, "Rock Me Mama". Dylan left the song an unfinished sketch.
Ketch Secor of Old Crow Medicine Show wrote verses for the song around Dylan's original chorus (and melody):[8]
So rock me mama like a wagon wheel
Rock me mama any way you feel
Hey mama rock me
Rock me mama like the wind and the rain
Rock me mama like a south-bound train
Hey mama rock me[9]
Chris "Critter" Fuqua, Secor's school friend and future bandmate, first brought home a Bob Dylan bootleg from a family trip to London containing the rough outtake called "Rock Me, Mama".[10] Not "so much a song as a sketch, crudely recorded featuring most prominently a stomping boot, the candy-coated chorus and a mumbled verse that was hard to make out",[11] the tune kept going through Secor's mind.
A few months later, while attending Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, and "feeling homesick for the South," he added verses about "hitchhiking his way home full of romantic notions put in his head by the Beat poets and, most of all, Dylan." Secor's verses tell "the story of a man who travels from New England, through Philadelphia, PA and Roanoke, VA, down the eastern coast of the United States, ending up in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he hopes to see his lover."[12]
The Secor lyrics contain a geographic impossibility: heading "west from the Cumberland Gap" to Johnson City, Tennessee "you'd have to go east."[13] As Secor explains: "I got some geography wrong, but I still sing it that way. I just wanted the word 'west' in there. 'West' has got more power than 'east.'"[13]
Bob Dylan performing in Vitoria-Gasteiz, in Northern Spain, during the Azkena Rock Festival on June 26, 2010.
Creative rights[edit]
Secor saw the Dylan contribution as "an outtake of something he had mumbled out on one of those tapes. I sang it all around the country from about 17 to 26, before I ever even thought, 'Oh, I better look into this.'"[14] When Secor sought copyright on the song in 2003 to release it on O.C.M.S. in (2004), he discovered Dylan credited the phrase "Rock me, mama" to bluesman Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup, who likely got it from a Big Bill Broonzy recording. As Secor says: "In a way, it's taken something like 85 years to get completed."[13] Secor and Dylan signed a co-writing agreement, and share copyright[15] on the song; agreeing to a "50–50 split in authorship."[16]
Secor recalls that, “I met (Dylan’s son) Jakob, and Jakob said it made sense that I was a teenager when I did that, because no one in their 30s would have the guts to try to write a Bob Dylan song."[13]
Popularity[edit]
"It sort of exists separately from the world of things that are on the radio. 'Wagon Wheel' has made it around the camp fires and the jam sessions and the parking lot scenes, in a way that songs of this decade or the last decade tend not to. When you go to a drum circle at a camp fire, you'll hear songs that are 40 years old that a kid with a hemp leash just learned, like 'The Weight' by The Band, and then you're going to hear 'Wagon Wheel.'[13]
Ketch Secor
As Old Crow Medicine Show's signature song,[17] "Wagon Wheel" is in some ways bigger than the group itself[18] — even though the song's origins predate formation of the musical act. The song was an early entry in the group's catalog when it formed a few years after Secor penned it.
The group reportedly performed the song at the Station Inn in Nashville in 2001, as part of a series of songs commemorating Bob Dylan's 60th birthday. The song has become extremely popular since its inclusion on Old Crow Medicine Show's major label debut, O.C.M.S. in 2004, although the song appeared in an earlier form on the now out-of-print EP Troubles Up and Down the Road in 2001. The group's version of the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in April 2013.[3] To celebrate they released a limited edition 7" vinyl record of the song with "'All Night Long' Live At The Station Inn" (2003) on the B-side.[19]
Asked in mid-2008 if he gets "sick of playing it every night," Secor responded: "I don't mind playing it every night. I like to see what it does to people, and it's nice to have something that’s guaranteed, especially when you're shuffling through new material."[20]
This "catchy country-infused sing-along" has "taken on the status of 'Free Bird'"—"in that it has become a bar room staple that drunks love to loudly request at every show, regardless of who the band is"[21][22] John Cranford with music label Swampfire Records—who organize a regular jam session on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina called Swampfire Sessions—says "It has become our generation's 'Freebird.'"[23]
Lately, it’s been open season on “Wagon Wheel,” which has become the acoustic musician’s “Freebird,” one of the very few songs that people actually know well enough to find it funny to request.”[24]
—  The Portland Phoenix
The song has become such a popular cover song at musical gatherings, venues and events that some discourage its performance. At the Swampfire Sessions, Cranford states: "We banned it. (We) literally put signs up that said 'Absolutely No Wagon Wheel.'" “Man, some of us hate that song," he said. "Others play it all the time." Cranford, who used to play "Wagon Wheel" on request, quit doing so after Rucker's cover. "This song was great when Dylan wrote it and Old Crow played it, but once Darius Rucker flooded the airwaves with his version, all hope was lost," he said.[23]
The New England Americana Festival sells a shirt with an image of a wagon wheel with a line through it—creating a "no 'Wagon Wheel' zone"—and "hipster bar owners 'ban' it."[24]
"The song is basically inescapable. It’s as much a part of country music as the classics like “Hello Walls” or “Islands In The Stream.” That's a big claim, sure, but how many other country songs actually get banned from clubs they’re played and requested so much?"[25]
—  Wide Open Country
Certification[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[26]
Gold 40,000^
United States (RIAA)[3]
Platinum 1,167,000[27]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Nathan Carter version[edit]
"Wagon Wheel"
Single by Nathan Carter
from the album Wagon Wheel
Released
15 June 2012
Recorded
2012
Genre
Country
Country and Irish
Length
4:12
Label
Sharpe
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Ketch Secor
Nathan Carter singles chronology
"Wagon Wheel"
(2012) "Caledonia"
(2013)
"Wagon Wheel"
(2012) "Caledonia"
(2013)
Music video
"Wagon Wheel" on YouTube
The English Irish singer Nathan Carter covered the song in a release June 15, 2012, a few weeks before the song became a hit for Darius Rucker in the United States. The Carter version was the title track taken from his 2012 album, Wagon Wheel. He appeared with a live version of the song on the popular The Late Late Show on RTÉ,[28] being his first appearance on the show. He also engaged on a tour in Ireland, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland to promote the album.
Although released independently on Sharpe Music, the song became a huge hit for Carter and was his first hit song on the Irish Singles Chart. The single spent 47 weeks on the chart in its initial release. It was the biggest commercial success of any Country and Irish release in 2012 and considered a crossover hit in the mainstream pop charts. With its re-entry in the charts later in 2013, it has totaled 52 weeks in the Irish Singles Chart (as of December 5, 2013).
Track listing[edit]
Various versions are available through iTunes including:
"Wagon Wheel" – Nathan Carter – single – (4:12)
"Wagon Wheel" (Radio Dance Mix) – Nathan Carter and Micky Modelle – (3:46)
"Wagon Wheel" (Club Mix) – Nathan Carter and Micky Modelle – (3:23)
Music video[edit]
Carter released a music video of the song which features an outing on the beach where Carter sings the song with his band to his friends on the beach with those present joining in clapping and dancing. The video was filmed in Donegal, Ireland.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart 14
Irish Country Chart 1
Darius Rucker version[edit]
"Wagon Wheel"
Single by Darius Rucker, featuring Lady Antebellum[29]
from the album True Believers
Released
January 7, 2013 (2013-01-07)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Country
Length
4:57 (album version)
Label
Capitol Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Bob Dylan
Ketch Secor
Producer(s)
Frank Rogers
Darius Rucker, featuring Lady Antebellum[29] singles chronology
"True Believers"
(2012) "Wagon Wheel"
(2013) "Radio"
(2013)
"True Believers"
(2012) "Wagon Wheel"
(2013) "Radio"
(2013)
Music video
"Wagon Wheel" on YouTube
Darius Rucker recorded a country version of the song with Lady Antebellum as the second single on his third solo project, True Believers, released on Capitol Records. He joined Old Crow Medicine Show at the Grand Ole Opry July 6, 2012, "for a special rendition of 'Wagon Wheel'" where the fans "went crazy over Rucker's cover of the Old Crow Medicine Show hit." After this reception he tweeted out: "Secret out after @opry perf. I recorded a version of 'Wagon Wheel' for my new record and @ladyantebellum sings on track."[30]
Backstory[edit]
The song did not at first appeal to Rucker. "Somebody had played 'Wagon Wheel' for me years ago," he said. "It was one of those things that I didn't really get." The faculty band at his daughter's high school performing had a different effect, as he relates,
We were watching my daughter, and the faculty band gets up. It's just the faculty from her school, and they play 'Wagon Wheel.' I'm sitting in the audience, and they get to the middle of the chorus, and I turned to my wife, and I go, 'I've got to cut this song.'[31]
With guidance from Frank Liddell, Rucker cut the song with Lady Antebellum on backing vocals. He told Taste of Country: "Lady Antebellum took the song to a new level. Up until they added their vocals, I thought it was another song on the record."[31]
Rucker had been introduced to Fuqua's source for Dylan's outtake years prior: "I got turned onto the Pat Garrett soundtrack when I worked retail back in the day. It's so different from a lot of his other stuff. It's such a cool record."[32] Rucker also previously had had some experience with crediting Dylan on a song he'd performed. His group Hootie and the Blowfish's 1995 hit single "Only Wanna Be With You" quotes an entire verse from Dylan's 1975 song "Idiot Wind". When the record began selling big, the "Dylan camp" took issue, and Dylan was ultimately credited as a co-writer. As Rucker remembers, "They wanted some money, and they got it. We weren't trying to rip anybody off."[32]
Genre[edit]
For Rucker it was largely an issue of musical genre and the high school group changing his thinking on it: "I knew the song, and to me it was such a perfect bluegrass tune that I didn't think I could do it. But they did a country version of it, with drums and pedal steel. I was like, 'Wait a minute. That would be a great country song.'"[32] On deciding to go country with it, Rucker says:
It's such the perfect country song. When we were cutting it, all we had (to model it on) was this perfect bluegrass song. I couldn't do it as a bluegrass song. It's just not me. So if we were going to do it, we had to make it a 1950s country song. I'm not shocked at how successful it's been, but I didn't expect it.[11]
"It's another interesting chapter in the history of a song that's slowly working its way toward American classic status. Like 'House of the Rising Sun' or 'Good Night, Irene,' it's now a pop song with a long back story that tantalizingly trickles out before you reach the wellspring."[11]
Chris Talbott (on Rucker version)
When asked if he thought his recording would be nominated for a Grammy Award, Rucker responded: "If 'Wagon Wheel' doesn't get nominated for a GRAMMY, country music is screwed. It's as simple as that. I'm not saying I should win it, but it should be nominated."[33]
Critical reception[edit]
Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave Rucker's version a five-star rating.[34] Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave Rucker's version four and a half stars out of five.[35] As to the reaction of the originating group, Rucker says, "I think the Old Crow Medicine Show guys are very happy about it, and that's all that matters to me."[36] On Rucker's version of the song, Chris 'Critter' Fuqua of Old Crow Medicine Show says:
I love it. He actually played with us at (The Grand Ole) Opry, and it was great. I think he sees something special in that song and understands it. He's a country music fan and, more than that, he just loves music and loves playing. I'm really glad he cut the track. It's been good for him and good for us, but I'm just waiting for the time when people come up to me and say, 'I love when you guys played that Darius Rucker cover.'[5]
Rucker's version was nominated as Single of the Year for the 47th Country Music Association Awards along with Florida Georgia Line ("Cruise"), Tim McGraw with Taylor Swift and Keith Urban ("Highway Don't Care"), Miranda Lambert ("Mama's Broken Heart") and Kacey Musgraves ("Merry Go 'Round").[37] Rucker closed the televised awards show with the song November 6, 2013.[38]
"I didn't know how big it was until after I cut it, until after it was a single. I didn't know that every college student south of the Mason–Dixon line in the last eight years knows this song. I had no idea. I thought it was just another Old Crow song until I recorded it and realized it wasn't just another Old Crow song."[11]
Darius Rucker
Rucker won the Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards (held January 26, 2014) for his version of "Wagon Wheel".[39] Rucker's win makes him only the second African American after Charley Pride to be both nominated for and win a vocal performance Grammy award in a country music category. Other nominees up for the same award were Lee Brice for "I Drive Your Truck", Hunter Hayes for "I Want Crazy", Miranda Lambert for "Mama's Broken Heart" and Blake Shelton for "Mine Would Be You".
In August 2016 Taste of Country placed the Rucker version of "Wagon Wheel" 17th on its list of "Top Country Songs of the Century".[40]
Music video[edit]
Rucker released a music video of the song on March 21, 2013, which features several members of the television show Duck Dynasty, along with Charles Kelley of Lady Antebellum. It was filmed in Watertown, Tennessee.
Chart performance[edit]
The most popular song of his career, solo or otherwise, Rucker's "Wagon Wheel" debuted at No. 51 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of January 19, 2013.[41] It also debuted at number 32 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of January 26, 2013.[42] It debuted at No. 96 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of February 6, 2013; it debuted at 72 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of February 13, 2013. In its 10th chart week, March 20, 2013, Rucker's version made "a strong move" on Hot Country Songs, going from 11 to 5, and to 18 on Country Airplay (to 14.7 million, up 20%). Old Crow's original (from 2004) sold 15,000 and ranked 28 on Country Digital Songs the same week.[43] The song reached number one on Hot Country Songs in its 12th week. It is his most successful song as a solo artist on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 15, as well as the Canadian Hot 100, where it peaked at number 23. By March 2014, the song has sold 2,678,000 copies in the United States, making it then the fifth best-selling song by a male country solo artist.[44] As of November 2017, the song has sold 3,612,000 copies in the US.[45]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[46] 23
Canada Country (Billboard)[47] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[48] 15
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[49] 1
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[50] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Position
Canada Canadian Hot 100[51] 80
US Billboard Hot 100[52] 54
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[53] 2
US Country Airplay (Billboard)[54] 28
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[55]
3× Platinum 240,000^
United States (RIAA)[4]
3× Platinum 3,612,000[45]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Preceded by
"Sure Be Cool If You Did"
by Blake Shelton Billboard Hot Country Songs
number-one single
April 13, 2013 Succeeded by
"Cruise"
by Florida Georgia Line
Preceded by
"Get Your Shine On"
by Florida Georgia Line Billboard Country Airplay
number-one single
June 1–8, 2013 Succeeded by
"Highway Don't Care"
by Tim McGraw with Taylor Swift
Billboard Canada Country
number-one single
June 1–8, 2013 Succeeded by
"Boys 'Round Here"
by Blake Shelton
Other covers[edit]
Blues singer Matt Andersen and Against Me! covered the song in 2005, Jeremy McComb in 2007, Red Wanting Blue in 2009, Mumford & Sons in 2010, and Chad Brownlee in 2012.
Timeflies released an online version with new adapted lyrics using the refrain from the song.
Rockabilly singer Jason Lee Wilson covered the song with directionally-correct lyrics on his 2010 album Big Gun.
Scottish folk musician Norrie MacIver covered the song in both English and Scottish Gaelic on his 2015 solo album Dans na Rathad (The Road Dance).
In popular culture[edit]
South Dakota Democrat U.S. Senate candidate Rick Weiland sang a parody of the song "with lyrics rewritten to match his campaign message" at a campaign "folk-rock concert" at the Strawbale Winery north of Sioux Falls in October 2014. Parody lyrics included the line: "I can't run a nine million-dollar campaign, but I don't have EB-5 to explain".[56] Democratic vice presidential candidate Tim Kaine played the song on harmonica with local act Nikki Talley and Jason Sharp at the Catawba Brewing Company in Asheville, North Carolina on August 15, 2016.[57][58][59]
In 2015, New Zealand rugby legend and then All Blacks captain Richie McCaw was quoted as saying Wagon Wheel was his fourth favorite song. "He loves Wagon Wheel," Kieran Read revealed. "As soon as that comes on in the bus he will be tapping away and singing."[60] The song itself was played on the lead up to matches, played frequently on the tour bus.
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Jump up ^ "Rugby World Cup 2015: All Blacks Tour Diary". Stuff. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Heart and Soul (1938 song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other albums or songs of the same name, see Heart and Soul (disambiguation).
"Heart and Soul"
Song by Larry Clinton & his Orchestra
Published
1938
Genre
Jazz
Composer(s)
Hoagy Carmichael
Lyricist(s)
Frank Loesser
"Heart and Soul" is a popular song with music by Hoagy Carmichael and lyrics by Frank Loesser. It was published in 1938 performed by Larry Clinton and His Orchestra with Bea Wain.
In 1939, three versions reached the music charts: Larry Clinton (No. 1), Eddy Duchin (No. 12), and Al Donahue (No. 16). A version by The Four Aces with the Jack Pleis Orchestra reached No. 11 in 1952, and a version by Johnny Maddox reached No. 57 in 1956. In 1961, The Cleftones reached No. 18 and Jan and Dean reached No. 25.
Contents
[hide]
1 Musical format
2 The Cleftones version
3 Jan and Dean version
4 Other recordings
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Musical format[edit]
The song's A-section is often simplified as a repeating I-vi-IV-V progression and taught to beginning piano students as an easy two-hand duet ( example (help·info)). Much like the piece "Chopsticks", this (somewhat inaccurate) version became widely known, even to those who never studied piano. The chord progression, often referred to as the "50s progression",[1] was employed in the doo-wop hits of the 1950s and 1960s.
The Cleftones version[edit]
"Heart and Soul"
Single by The Cleftones
B-side
"How Do You Feel?"
Released
April 17, 1961 (1961-04-17)
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
1959, Rochester, New York
Genre
Rhythm and blues, doo-wop
Length
1:52
Label
Gee (1064)
Composer(s)
Hoagy Carmichael
Lyricist(s)
Frank Loesser
Producer(s)
George Goldner
The Cleftones singles chronology
"Shadows on the Very Last Row/She's Gone"
(1960) "Heart and Soul"
(1961) "For Sentimental Reasons/Deed I Do"
(1961)
The Cleftones succeeded with a rhythm and blues rearrangement of the song in 1961. After the release on April 17, 1961, "Heart and Soul" reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July of that year, making this song The Cleftones' most popular work. In 1973, the song was used in American Graffiti.
In 1959, the Cleftones' manager, George Goldner, convinced the group that their future resided in re-recording existing songs with an established popularity.[2] By this time, Charles James had grown more proficient on the guitar, and the group and Goldner used that to develop a new arrangement of the piece.[3][4]
At that time, a local prominent disc jockey set up a recording session in Rochester, New York, to record "Heart and Soul" and, arranged for singer Pat Spann's boyfriend Panama Francis to play drums and 15-year-old/future Grammy Award winner Duane Hitchings to play keyboards.[5] At the recording session, the group was presented with a rearrangement of "Heart and Soul" that was more formal than they had practiced.[6] The group added unexpected rhythms to give the song a syncopated feel.[7] The drummer caught singer Pat in the closet with bass guitarist Warren, abruptly endeding the recording session. As a result, the last track recorded was used as "Heart and Soul".[5]
"Heart and Soul" sat undistributed until 1961.[8] In early April of that year, Roulette Records president Morris Levy reactivated New York-based American record label Gee Records as a division of Roulette Records and made "Heart and Soul" the reactivated label's first release.[8] That same month, American news magazine Billboard Music Week review panel listed "The Cleftones; Heart and Soul (Famous, ASCAP) (1:52) Gee" as one of seventeen "Pick Hits" from all songs released in the week of April 17, 1961.[9] Under its "Spotlight Winners of the Week" column, Billboard identified the song as having the strongest sales potential of all records reviewed for the week, commenting on The Cleftones and "Heart and Soul,"
This was a hit group a few seasons back and this rendition could bring them back into action. It's the standard tune and it's done in rocking, teen-slanted fashion with a swinging beat. This could happen. Flip is "How Do You Feel" (Tyrol, BMI) (2:00)[10]Gee 1064."[11]
On July 3, 1961, "Heart and Soul" reached number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100,[12] and No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 R&B chart.[2][13][14] The recording eventually sold approximately 350,000 copies for Gee/Roulette.
In 1973, the song was used in American Graffiti.[15]
Music critic Terry Atkinson of the Palm Beach Post noted in 1990 that "Heart and Soul" is the song for which the Cleftones are best remembered.[6] In 1999, American music critic Dave Marsh listed The Cleftones' "Heart and Soul" as number 913 in his book, The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made.[16]
In 2012, American author and essayist Ray Schuck noted that the lyrics, "Well, I know that you're in love with him, 'cause I saw you dancing in the gym/You both kicked off your shoes – man, I dig those rhythm and blues." —from Don McLean's song "American Pie might be a vague reference to the Cleftones' 1961 rhythm and blues song, "Heart and Soul."[17] In his essay, Schuck argued that such as reference would "segue nicely into the verses comprising the remainder of this stanza, albeit with a disappointing outcome."[17]
Jan and Dean version[edit]
Jan and Dean covered the song at the same time as the Cleftones's record was on the chart. They intended for it to be released on Liberty Records, who balked, and it was released on Gene Autry's Challenge Records instead. It reached No. 25 on the charts. Liberty, noting the success, signed them, and Jan and Dean went on to make five top-ten singles for the label ("Surf City", "Honolulu Lulu", "Drag City", "Deadman's Curve", and "The Little Old Lady from Pasadena").
Other recordings[edit]
The following artists have registered a recording of this song with ASCAP.
The Ames Brothers
Beegie Adair
Blue Barron
Hoagy Carmichael
Betty Carter
The Cleftones
Larry Clinton
Floyd Cramer
Ella Fitzgerald
Forever Plaid
The Four Aces
Crystal Gayle
Skitch Henderson
Jan and Dean
Frank Loesser
Johnny Maddox
Glenn Miller
Ella Mae Morse
Tony Mottola
Sue Raney
Jan Savitt
The Spaniels
Livingston Taylor
The Top Hatters
Mel Tormé
See also[edit]
"Blue Moon"
"Der Flohwalzer"
I Love the World, advertising adaptation
"Play That Song" (Train song), a 2016 adaptation
List of 1930s jazz standards
List of songs containing the 50s progression
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Heart and Soul". (Sheet music) Cy Walter official site. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Warner, Jay (2006). American Singing Groups: A History from 1940s to Today. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 119–. ISBN 978-0-634-09978-6. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Musso, Anthony M. (13 November 2008). Setting the Record Straight: The Music and Careers of Recording Artists from the 1950s and Early 1960s ... In Their Own Words. AuthorHouse. pp. 71–. ISBN 978-1-4389-5292-5. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
Jump up ^ DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James; George-Warren, Holly (1992). The Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely New Reviews : Every Essential Album, Every Essential Artist (3 ed.). Random House. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-679-73729-2. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Wallstrom, Urban "Wally" (23 March 2007). "Duane Hitchings: The Man Behind the Hits". Rock United. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Atkinson, Terry (3 August 1990). "'50s Doo-Wop Collection Offers Alternative To Rap". Palm Beach Post. p. 15.
Jump up ^ Laycock, John (2 February 2002). "Playbill". Windsor Star. p. B4.
^ Jump up to: a b "Glover Named A&R Chief for Gee Label". Google Books. Billboard. 17 April 1961. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pick Hits". Google Books. Billboard. 17 April 1961. p. 38. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "How do you feel?", by members of the Cleftones, w & m Herbert Cox, Gene Pearson, pseud. of Joshua Leviston & James Kendis a.k.a. Charles James, U.S. Copyright Registration Number EU0000664598, Date: 1961-03-31, where Adolph Tiedmann, through the estate of James Kendis a.k.a. Charles James is the copyright holder of "How do you feel?"
Jump up ^ "Spotlight Winners of the Week". Billboard Music Week. April 17, 1961. p. 30. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Honor Roll of Hits for the Week Ending July 9, 1961". Google Books. Billboard. 3 July 1961. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Golden Oldies Take Stage at Chasco Fiesta". Tampa Tribune. 4 April 2008. p. 3. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Fredricksen, Barbara L. (28 September 2001). "Doo-Wop Tour to Rock New Port Richey". St. Petersburg Times. p. 5. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Shea, Tom (April 2013), "Duo wants folks in WMass to bop to doo wop", The Republican (published March 25, 2004), sec. News, p. B1
Jump up ^ Marsh, Dave (7 May 1999). The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Every Made. Da Capo Press. pp. 579–. ISBN 978-0-306-80901-9. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Schuck, Raymond I. (24 September 2012). Do You Believe in Rock and Roll?: Essays on Don McLean’s 'American Pie'. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4766-0036-9. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
External links[edit]
"The Bouncy Joy of 'Heart and Soul'" on All Things Considered, December 31, 2006
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heart_and_Soul_(1938_song)&oldid=798028416"
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1938 songs
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Songs with music by Hoagy Carmichael
Songs written by Frank Loesser
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text:
History of warning labels in the US
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is incomplete. Please help to improve it, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (April 2012)
The history of warning labels in the United States began in 1938 when the United States Congress passed a law mandating that food products have a list of ingredients on the label.[1]
In 1966 the Federal government mandated that cigarette packs have a warning on them from the surgeon general. See Tobacco packaging warning messages. Congress voted in 1973 that products containing “toxic substances” must have labels. In 1985 there was a testimony that wanted record companies to put labels on music that contained sexual or violent lyrics. On March 29, 1990 warning labels were put on music products that contained potentially offensive lyrics; this was done with the agreement of the recording companies. In 1989, alcohol was required to have their surgeon general’s warning.
Several federal agencies are involved in the business of warning-labels, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI warning labels have been appeared since 1975 in rented movies warning people about video piracy.
Types of warning labels[edit]
There are three levels of warning, CAUTION, WARNING and DANGER:[2]
Caution indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
Warning indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
Danger indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This word is limited to the use in the most extreme situations.
See also[edit]
Warning label
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Seattle Times, "Hey, the labels are kind of stupid, but don't say they didn't try to warn you"
Jump up ^ Ryas, Meyer,& Sebranek 2006 P. 567
Ryas Van J., Meyer V.,& Sebranek P. (2006) The Business Writer. Boston
Charleston, Peter. "Hey, the labels are kind of stupid, but don't say they didn't try to warn you", The Seattle Times,November 6, 2006. Accessed February 23, 2008
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_warning_labels_in_the_US&oldid=542653385"
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Antiseptic
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Germicide" redirects here. For the album by the Germs, see Germicide (album).
Not to be confused with Antibiotic.
Antiseptics (from Greek ἀντί anti, "against"[1] and σηπτικός sēptikos, "putrefactive"[2]) are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.[3]
Some antiseptics are true germicides, capable of destroying microbes (bacteriocidal), while others are bacteriostatic and only prevent or inhibit their growth.[4]
Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as an antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Contents
1 Surgery
2 Some common antiseptics
3 Evolved resistance
4 See also
5 Notes
6 External links
Surgery[edit]
Joseph Lister
The widespread introduction of antiseptic surgical methods was initiated by the publishing of the paper Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery in 1867 by Joseph Lister, which was inspired by Louis Pasteur's germ theory of putrefaction.[5] In this paper, Lister advocated the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as a method of ensuring that any germs present were killed. Some of this work was anticipated by:
Ancient Greek physicians Galen (circa 130–200) and Hippocrates (circa 400 BC) and Sumerian clay tablets dating from 2150 BC that advocate the use of similar techniques.[6]
Medieval surgeons Hugh of Lucca, Theoderic of Servia, and his pupil Henri de Mondeville were opponents of Galen's opinion that pus was important to healing, which had led ancient and medieval surgeons to let pus remain in wounds. They advocated draining and cleaning the wound edges with wine, dressing the wound after suturing, if necessary and leaving the dressing on for ten days, soaking it in warm wine all the while, before changing it. Their theories were bitterly opposed by Galenist Guy de Chauliac and others trained in the classical tradition.[7]
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., who published The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever in 1843
Florence Nightingale, who contributed substantially to the report of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army (1856–1857), based on her earlier work
Ignaz Semmelweis, who published his work The Cause, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever in 1861, summarizing experiments and observations since 1847[8]
Some common antiseptics[edit]
A bottle of ethanol (95%) – an antiseptic
Alcohols, including ethanol and 2-propanol/isopropanol are sometimes referred to as surgical spirit. They are used to disinfect the skin before injections are given, among other uses.
Chlorhexidine gluconate is used as a skin antiseptic and to treat inflammation of the gums (gingivitis).
Hydrogen peroxide is used as a 6% (20 Vols) solution to clean and deodorize wounds and ulcers. More commonly, 3% solutions of hydrogen peroxide have been used in household first aid for scrapes, etc. However, the strong oxidization causes scar formation and increases healing time during fetal development.[9]
Iodine is usually used in an alcohol solution (called tincture of iodine) or as Lugol's iodine solution as a pre- and postoperative antiseptic. Some people[who?] do not recommend disinfecting minor wounds with iodine because of concern that it may induce scar tissue formation and increase healing time. However, concentrations of 1% iodine or less have not been shown to increase healing time and are not otherwise distinguishable from treatment with saline.[10] Novel iodine antiseptics containing povidone-iodine (an iodophor, complex of povidone, a water-soluble polymer, with triiodide anions I3−, containing about 10% of active iodine) are far better tolerated, do not negatively affect wound healing, and leave a deposit of active iodine, thereby creating the so-called "remnant", or persistent, effect. The great advantage of iodine antiseptics is their wide scope of antimicrobial activity, killing all principal pathogens and, given enough time, even spores, which are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganisms to be inactivated by disinfectants and antiseptics.
Octenidine dihydrochloride, currently increasingly used in continental Europe, often as a chlorhexidine substitute.
Polyhexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is an antimicrobial compound suitable for clinical use in critically colonized or infected acute and chronic wounds. The physicochemical action on the bacterial envelope prevents or impedes the development of resistant bacterial strains.[11][12][13]
Balsam of Peru is a mild antiseptic.[14][15][16]
Dakin's solution is a sodium hypochlorite solution, originally also containing boric acid to lower pH. It is mostly used on live tissues for cleaning wounds of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Because of practicality of preparation and lower cost, it is largely used in Veterinary Medicine[17] treatments. It is colourless and does not stain the animal's fur or affect it's aesthetic or commercial value.
Evolved resistance[edit]
See also: Antibiotic resistance and Multiple drug resistance
After continued exposure to antibiotics, bacteria may evolve to the point where they are no longer harmed by these compounds. Bacteria can also develop a resistance to antiseptics, but the effect is generally less pronounced.[18][19]
The mechanisms by which bacteria evolve may vary in response to different antiseptics. Low concentrations of an antiseptic may encourage growth of a bacterial strain that is resistant to the antiseptic, where a higher concentration of the antiseptic would simply kill the bacteria. In addition, use of an excessively high concentration of an antiseptic may cause tissue damage or slow the process of wound healing.[10] Consequently, antiseptics are most effective when used at the correct concentration—a high enough concentration to kill harmful bacteria, fungi or viruses, but a low enough concentration to avoid damage to the tissue.
See also[edit]
Henry Jacques Garrigues, introduced antiseptic obstetrics to North America
Joseph Lister
Louis Pasteur
Ignaz Semmelweis
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "ἀντί". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "σηπτικός". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012.
Jump up ^ McDonnell, Gerald; Russell, A. Denver (January 1999). "Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 12: 147–79. PMC 88911. PMID 9880479.
Jump up ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Antiseptics". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 146. This source provides a summary of antiseptic techniques as understood at the time.
Jump up ^ Chisholm 1911.
Jump up ^ Eming SA, Krieg T, Davidson JM (2007). "Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms". J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 (3): 514–25. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700701. PMID 17299434.
Jump up ^ Edwards H (1976). "Theodoric of Cervia, a medieval antiseptic surgeon". Proceedings of the Royal Society. 69 (3): 553–5. PMC 1864551. PMID 790395.
Jump up ^ Best M, Neuhauser D (2004). "Ignaz Semmelweis and the birth of infection control". Qual Saf Health Care. 13 (3): 233–4. doi:10.1136/qhc.13.3.233. PMC 1743827. PMID 15175497.
Jump up ^ Wilgus TA, Bergdall VK, Dipietro LA, Oberyszyn TM (2005). "Hydrogen peroxide disrupts scarless fetal wound repair". Wound Repair Regen. 13 (5): 513–9. doi:10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.00072.x. PMID 16176460.
^ Jump up to: a b "Antiseptics on Wounds: An Area of Controversy: Hydrogen Peroxide". Medscape.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Kaehn K (2010). "Polihexanide: a safe and highly effective biocide". Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 23 Suppl: 7–16. doi:10.1159/000318237. PMID 20829657.
Jump up ^ Eberlein T, Assadian O (2010). "Clinical use of polihexanide on acute and chronic wounds for antisepsis and decontamination". Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 23 Suppl: 45–51. doi:10.1159/000318267. PMID 20829662.
Jump up ^ Eberlein T, Haemmerle G, Signer M, et al. (January 2012). "Comparison of PHMB-containing dressing and silver dressings in patients with critically colonised or locally infected wounds". J Wound Care. 21 (1): 12, 14–6, 18–20. doi:10.12968/jowc.2012.21.1.12. PMID 22240928. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Chemistry: general, medical, and pharmaceutical — Google Books. Books.google.com. p. 460. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients: Used in Food, Drugs and ... - Ikhlas A. Khan, Ehab A. Abourashed — Google Books. Books.google.com. 21 September 2011. p. 41. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Biocompatibility of Dental Materials — Gottfried Schmalz, Dorthe Arenholt Bindslev — Google Books. Books.google.com. p. 352. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Unique Therapies for Difficult Wounds - Today's Veterinary Practice". todaysveterinarypractice.navc.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "CDC – Antibacterial Household Products: Cause for Concern (Stuart B. Levy)Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Presentation from the 2000 Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference in Atlanta, Georgia)". cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Albina Mikhaylova; Bernd Liesenfeld; William Toreki; David Moore; Jillian Vella; Roy Carr; Gerald Olderman; Christopher Batich; Gregory Schultz (2009). "Bacterial Resistance Issues in Wound Care and Wound Dressings" (PDF). QuickMedTechnologies. Symposium on Advanced Wound Care and Wound Healing Society Meeting, Poster LB-051. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
External links[edit]
"Antiseptic". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

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Antiseptics and disinfectants (D08)
Acridine derivatives
Ethacridine lactate
9-Aminoacridine
Euflavine
Biguanides and amidines
Dibrompropamidine
Chlorhexidine#
Propamidine
Hexamidine
Polihexanide
Phenol and derivatives
Hexachlorophene
Policresulen
Phenol
Triclosan
Triclocarban
Chloroxylenol#
Biphenylol
Fenticlor
Nitrofuran derivatives
Nitrofurazone
Iodine products
Iodine/octylphenoxypolyglycolether
Povidone-iodine#
Diiodohydroxypropane
Quinoline derivatives
Dequalinium
Chlorquinaldol
Oxyquinoline
Clioquinol
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Benzalkonium
Benzethonium chloride
Cetrimonium (bromide/chloride)
Cetylpyridinium
Cetrimide
Benzoxonium chloride
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
Mercurial products
Mercuric amidochloride
Phenylmercuric borate
Mercuric chloride
Merbromin
Thiomersal
Mercuric iodide
Silver compounds
Silver nitrate
Alcohols
Propanol (propyl alcohol)
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol)
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)#
Other
Potassium permanganate
Sodium hypochlorite
Hydrogen peroxide
Eosin
Tosylchloramide
Octenidine dihydrochloride
#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
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Throat preparations (R02)
Antiseptics
Acriflavinium chloride
Ambazone
Amylmetacresol
Benzalkonium
Benzethonium
Cetrimonium (bromide/chloride)
Cetylpyridinium
Chlorhexidine
Chlorquinaldol
Dequalinium
Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
Hexamidine
Hexylresorcinol
Myristyl-benzalkonium
Oxyquinoline
Phenol
Povidone-iodine
Antibiotics
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Benzoxonium chloride
Chlorhexidine
Chlortetracycline
Clotrimazole
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Domiphen bromide
Doxycycline
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Hexetidine
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