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Educational stage
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For the stages of educational knowledge expected of students at various ages in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Gibraltar, see Key Stage.
Contents
1 Organization
2 Alternative organizational structures
2.1 Sudbury schools
3 By country
3.1 Australia
3.2 Belarus
3.3 Brazil
3.4 Canada
3.4.1 Grade structure by province/territory
3.5 China
3.5.1 Hong Kong
3.6 France
3.7 India
3.7.1 Pre-Primary education
3.7.2 Primary education
3.7.3 Secondary education
3.8 Indonesia
3.9 Iran
3.10 Ireland
3.11 Italy
3.12 Japan
3.13 Malaysia
3.14 Mexico
3.15 Nepal
3.16 New Zealand
3.17 Norway
3.18 Philippines
3.19 Russia
3.20 Singapore
3.21 Sweden
3.22 United Kingdom
3.22.1 England and Wales
3.22.2 Scotland
3.23 United States
4 See also
5 References
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary (or higher) education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes seven levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education system (ISCED, from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 6 (second stage of tertiary education)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages.[1]
Organization[edit]
Education during childhood and early adulthood is typically provided through either a two- or three-stage system of childhood school, followed by additional stages of higher education or vocational education for those who continue their formal education:
Early childhood education at preschool, nursery school, or kindergarten (outside the U.S. and Canada)
Primary education at primary school or elementary school, and sometimes in the early years of middle school
Secondary education at secondary school or high school, and sometimes in the latter years of middle school
Higher education or vocational education
The following table introduces the main concepts, although terms and ages may vary in different places:
Age
Educational stage
2-stage system
3-stage system
ISCED
4 Early childhood education Preschool Preschool 0
5
6 Primary education Primary school Elementary school 1
7
8
9 2
10
11 Middle school
12
13 Secondary education Secondary school
14
15
16
17 High school 3
18
19
For additional ISCED stages of education, see ISCED.
Alternative organizational structures[edit]
Sudbury schools[edit]
Sudbury schools do not use formal grade levels or educational stages. Instead, students ages 4 through 18 are intermingled in a democratic educational system, relying on a series of certifications to use equipment that may require specialized knowledge or safety procedures. These certifications are not typically restricted by age, but rather by demonstrated ability.[2]
By country[edit]
See also: Category:Education by country
Australia[edit]
Main article: Education in Australia
In Australia, children undergo thirteen years of formal education (plus non-compulsory preschool or kindergarten), usually starting at age 4, 5 or 6, and finishing at age 16, 17 or 18. The years are numbered from "Prep/Kindergarten" to 12.
In New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA), Queensland (QLD) and Victoria (VIC), primary school is Kindergarten (NSW)/Prep (Vic & Qld)/Pre-primary (WA) and Years 1–6, and secondary school, Years 7–12 (see table below).
Year
Ages
School
Kindergarten 3–5 Preschool
Prep/Kindergarten/Pre-primary 5–6 Primary
Grade or Year 1 6–7
Grade or Year 2 7–8
Grade or Year 3 8–9
Grade or Year 4 9–10
Grade or Year 5 10–11
Grade or Year 6 11–12
Grade or Year 7 12–13 Secondary
Grade or Year 8 13–14
Grade or Year 9 14–15
Grade or Year 10 15–16
Grade or Year 11 16–17
Grade or Year 12 17–18
In the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Tasmania (TAS), primary school is Kindergarten (ACT)/Prep (Tas) and years 1–6, secondary school is years 7–10 and college or Senior Secondary is years 11 and 12 (see table below).
Year
Ages
School
Pre Kindergarten 3–5 Preschool
Kindergarten/Prep 5–6 Primary
Grade or Year 1 6–7
Grade or Year 2 7–8
Grade or Year 3 8–9
Grade or Year 4 9–10
Grade or Year 5 10–11
Grade or Year 6 11–12
Grade or Year 7 12–13 Secondary
Grade or Year 8 13–14
Grade or Year 9 14–15
Grade or Year 10 15–16
Grade or Year 11 16–17 College/senior secondary
Grade or Year 12 17–18
In South Australia, primary school is Reception and Years 1–7, and secondary school is Years 8–12 (see table below).
Year
Ages
School
Kindergarten 3–4 Preschool
Reception 4–5 Primary
Grade or Year 1 5–6
Grade or Year 2 6–7
Grade or Year 3 7–8
Grade or Year 4 8–9
Grade or Year 5 9–10
Grade or Year 6 10–11
Grade or Year 7 11–12
Grade or Year 8 12–13 Secondary
Grade or Year 9 13–14
Grade or Year 10 14–15
Grade or Year 11 15–16
Grade or Year 12 16–17
Belarus[edit]
Main article: Education in Belarus
In Belarus, education is guaranteed for everyone. Primary school lasts for 4 years, but some psycho-physically challenged children study for 5 years according to a special standard. Forms 1 to 9 are considered compulsory. After completing general basic school a person can study in a special establishment to get a job. To enter a higher educational establishment a person must complete general secondary school (all 11 forms) and pass three centralized tests.[3]
Year
Ages
School
Ясли
(nursery)
1–2 Early
Детский сад
(kindergarten)
3–5(6)
Form 1 6–7 Primary
Form 2 7–8
Form 3 8–9
Form 4 9–10
Form 5 10–11 General basic
(secondary)
Form 6 11–12
Form 7 12–13
Form 8 13–14
Form 9 14–15
Form 10 15–16 General secondary
(high)
Form 11 16–17
Brazil[edit]
Main article: Education in Brazil
In Brazil, there are three levels of basic education: "Educação Infantil" (preschool), "Ensino Fundamental" (primary school) and "Ensino Médio" (high school), which are generally completed by age eighteen. Basic education is designed to provide the necessary minimum knowledge for the exercise of citizenship. It also serves to develop consciousness for choosing future professions. In Brazil, after the name of the grade one may use the names "série" or "ano." The educational stages in Brazil are divided as follows:
Educação Infantil (Brazil Grade)
Ages
Correspondent in the U.S
Creche 0–3 Day Care
Pré-Escola 4–6 Preschool
Ensino Fundamental (Brazil Grade)
Ages
Correspondent in the U.S
1o ano (Primeiro Ano) 6–7 first grade
2o ano (Segundo Ano) 7–8 second grade
3o ano (Terceiro Ano) 8–9 third grade
4o ano (Quarto Ano) 9–10 fourth grade
5o ano (Quinto Ano) 10–11 fifth grade
6o ano (Sexto Ano) 11–12 sixth grade
7o ano (Sétimo Ano) 12–13 seventh grade
8o ano (Oitavo Ano) 13–14 eighth grade
9o ano (Nono Ano) 14–15 ninth grade
Ensino Médio (Brazil Grade)
Ages
Correspondent in the U.S
1o ano (Primeiro Ano) 15–16 tenth grade
2o ano (Segundo Ano) 16–17 eleventh grade
3o ano (Terceiro Ano) 17–18 twelfth grade
Canada[edit]
Main article: Education in Canada
In Canada, schooling officially begins at Kindergarten (or Maternelle in Quebec), followed by grades, with some variations for certain levels in certain provinces/territories. When referred to as a grade, school years are usually referred to by their cardinal number ("Grade Three").
At the post-secondary level in (Anglophone) Canada, a student is usually referred to by the year of study they are in (i.e. First Year, Second Year, etc.). If they are pursuing something higher than an undergraduate degree, the designation usually refers to what year of study they are in since entering Graduate studies (i.e. First Year Graduate Student, etc.). Any student who has completed their first year of undergraduate studies is considered to be an Upper Year Student.
Each province and territory has its own autonomous education system. As such, the name of each level of education and what year each level begins at will vary across the country (as will the curriculum itself).
Grade structure by province/territory[edit]
The following table shows how grades are organized in various provinces. Often, there will be exceptions within each province, both with terminology for groups, and which grades apply to each group.
Alberta
(source) Elementary Junior high Senior high
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
British Columbia
(source)[not in citation given] Primary Secondary
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Manitoba[4] Early years Middle years Senior years
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
New Brunswick
(source) Elementary Middle school High school
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Newfoundland and Labrador
(source) Primary Elementary Junior high Senior high
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Level I Level II Level III
Northwest Territories
(source) Primary Intermediate Junior secondary Senior secondary
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Nova Scotia
(source) Elementary Junior high Senior high
Primary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ontario[5] Elementary Intermediate Secondary
Junior kindergarten Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
PEI
(source) Elementary Intermediate school Senior high
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Quebec
[citation needed] Primary school Secondary school College (CÉGEP)
Garderie Maternelle 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sec I Sec II Sec III Sec IV Sec V first second third
Saskatchewan
(source[permanent dead link]) Elementary level Middle level Secondary level
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Yukon
(source) Elementary Junior secondary Senior secondary
Kindergarten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
China[edit]
Main article: Education in China
In the People's Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau), the years are organized in three stages and renumbered within each stage: 6 years in elementary school (小学) years 1 to 6, then 3 years in lower secondary (初级中学, abbreviated 初中) years 7 to 9, then 3 years in higher secondary (高级中学, abbreviated 高中) years 1 to 3. The first nine years (elementary 1–6 and junior secondary 1–3) are compulsory, and the years in higher secondary school are voluntary. Completing higher secondary education or attaining an equivalent level is required before one may receive higher education (高等教育) at universities.
Year
Ages
Stage
Year 1 6–7 Elementary
Year 2 7–8
Year 3 8–9
Year 4 9–10
Year 5 10–11
Year 6 11–12
Year 7 12–13 Lower secondary
Year 8 13–14
Year 9 14–15
Year 10 15–16 Higher secondary
Year 11 16–17
Year 12 17–18
Hong Kong[edit]
The Hong Kong system was based on the United Kingdom system, with an optional year at kindergarten, six years of primary school (小學) and six years of secondary school (中學), followed by four years at university. Primary 1 – 6 (小一 – 小六) corresponds to Years 1 – 6 in the UK, and Forms 1 – 6 (中一 – 中六) correspond to Years 7 – 12. Usually students begin Primary 1 at age 5 or 6 and complete Form 6 at age 17 or 18.
In Hong Kong, international schools follow the system of the country they are based upon, for example the English Schools Foundation uses the UK year system, and French International Schools use the French collège, école, lycée system. Also, the English term form followed by the English number is common usage even in otherwise Cantonese conversations.
Year
Ages
Stage
Primary 1 6–7 Primary
Primary 2 7–8
Primary 3 8–9
Primary 4 9–10
Primary 5 10–11
Primary 6 11–12
Form 1 12–13 Secondary
Form 2 13–14
Form 3 14–15
Form 4 15–16
Form 5 16–17
Form 6 17–18
France[edit]
Main article: Education in France
Education is compulsory from age 6 to age 14 or 16.
At the end of the lycée cursus, is the French Baccalaureat exam. It is possible in France to fail a year, and need to resit (redoubler).
Age
School
Classe
Cycle
2–3 École maternelle TPS: Toute petite section Cycle I : Apprentissages premiers
3–4 PS: Petite section
4–5 MS: Moyenne section
5–6 GS: Grande section Cycle II : Apprentissages fondamentaux
6–7 École élémentaire CP: Cours préparatoire
7–8 CE1: Cours élémentaire, 1ère année
8–9 CE2: Cours élémentaire, 2éme année Cycle III : Approfondissements
9–10 CM1: Cours moyen, 1ère année
10–11 CM2: Cours moyen, 2ème année
11–12 Collège Sixième
12–13 Cinquième
13–14 Quatrième
14–15 Troisième
15–16 Lycée Seconde
16–17 Première
17–18 Terminale
India[edit]
The central and most state boards uniformly follow the "10+2+3" pattern of education. In this pattern, study of 10 years is done in schools and 2 years in Junior colleges,and then 3 years of graduation for a bachelor's degree. The first 10 years is further subdivided into 4 years of primary education, 6 years of High School followed by 2 years of Junior colleges. This pattern originated from the recommendation of the Education Commission of 1964–66.
Pre-Primary education[edit]
Play group (pre-nursery): At play schools, children are exposed to a lot of basic learning activities that help them to get independent faster and develop their self-help qualities like eating food themselves, dressing up, and maintaining cleanliness. The age limit for admission into pre-nursery is 2 to 3 years
Nursery: Nursery level activities help children unfold their talents, thus enabling them to sharpen their mental and physical abilities. The age limit for admission in nursery is 3 to 4 years.
LKG: It is also called the Junior Kindergarten (Jr. kg) stage. The age limit for admission in LKG is 4 to 5 years.
UKG: It is also called the Senior Kindergarten (Sr. kg) stage. The age limit for admission in UKG is 5 to 6 years.
Primary education[edit]
The Indian government lays emphasis on primary education, also referred to as elementary education, to children aged 6 to 14 years old. Because education laws are given by the states, duration of primary school visit alters between the Indian states. The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions.However, both free education and the ban on child labour are difficult to enforce due to economic disparity and social conditions.80% of all recognised schools at the elementary stage are government run or supported, making it the largest provider of education in the country.
Secondary education[edit]
Secondary education covers children aged 12 to 18, a group comprising 8.85 crore children according to the 2001 Census of India. The final two years of secondary is often called Higher Secondary (HS), Senior Secondary, or simply the "+2" stage. The two halves of secondary education are each an important stage for which a pass certificate is needed, and thus are affiliated by central boards of education under HRD ministry, before one can pursue higher education, including college or professional courses.
UGC, NCERT, CBSE and ICSE directives state qualifying ages for candidates who wish to take board exams. Those at least 15 years old by 30 May for a given academic year are eligible to appear for Secondary board exams, and those 17 by the same date are eligible to appear for Higher Secondary certificate board exams. It further states that upon successful completion of Higher Secondary, one can apply to higher education under UGC control such as Engineering, Medical, and Business Administration.
Indonesia[edit]
Main article: Education in Indonesia
In Indonesia, children spend 12 years of formal education, but some children attend nursery playgroup (called Kelompok Belajar in 2 years) and attend kindergarten (Called Taman Kanak-Kanak in 2 years).
Age
Stage
School
Year
2–3 Pre-school Kelompok Belajar (KB)
(Nursery Playgroup)
KB-A
3–4 KB-B
4–5 Taman Kanak-kanak (TK)
(Kindergarten)
TK-A
5–6 TK-B
6–7 Primary School Sekolah Dasar (SD)
(Elementary School)
Kelas 1
7–8 Kelas 2
8–9 Kelas 3
9–10 Kelas 4
10–11 Kelas 5
11–12 Kelas 6
12–13 Secondary School Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)
(Junior High School)
Kelas 7
13–14 Kelas 8
14–15 Kelas 9
15–16 Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)
(Senior High School)
Kelas 10
16–17 Kelas 11
17–18 Kelas 12
Iran[edit]
The Iranian system has experienced several changes in the last seven to eight decades. Prior to 1940–1950, the education system had consisted of three levels, called in order: an optional year in kindergarten, six years of primary school, finally followed by six years of secondary school ending up with a diploma. After some improvements during Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the system was changed to four consecutive periods: two optional years in kindergarten and pre-primary school, primary school consisting of 5 years, 3 years in middle school, and finally four years in high school. The system ended up by honoring a diploma in certain majors, e.g. math and physics.
Around 1996–1997, one year was reduced from the entire education system and one was honored with a diploma after three years in high school. However, if one would have liked to continue her/his education towards university degrees, one would have been required to take the last year, so called pre-university year. This year had been a requirement to participate in the Iranian University Entrance Exam for high school students. Again, around 2012, the system turned back to its previous system, consisting of two 6-year periods.
There are 2 formal stages of education in Iran: primary school (دبستان, Dabestãn) and high school (دبیرستان, Dabirestãn). The high school itself is broken into 2 parts: A and B.[further explanation needed] Preschool educations are informal, therefore Grade 1 is the first year. In Grade 1 (پایه‌ی 1, Paye 1) also known as the 1st class (کلاس اوّل, Klãs Avval), children learn the basics of reading and writing.
Stage
School
Age
Preschool Kindergarten 3–6
Primary school Grade 1 7
Grade 2 7–8
Grade 3 8–9
Grade 4 9–10
Grade 5 10–11
Grade 6 11–12
High school Grade 7 12-13
Grade 8 13-14
Grade 9 14-15
Grade 10 15-16
Grade 11 16-17
Grade 12 17-18
Ireland[edit]
Main article: Education in the Republic of Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, there are two levels of compulsory education; primary school (ca.5–12 years of age) and secondary school (ca.12–18 years). The names of each class are as follows:
Junior Infants (4–5 years)
Senior Infants (5–6 years)
First Class (6–7 years)
Second Class (7–8 years)
Third Class (8–9 years)
Fourth Class (9–10 years)
Fifth Class (10–11 years)
Sixth Class (11–12 years)
After Sixth Class, students move to secondary school, entering;
Junior Cycle:
First Year (12–13 years)
Second Year (13–14 years)
Third Year (14–15 years) – Junior Certificate
Fourth Year [or Transition Year] (15–16 years)
Senior Cycle:
Fifth Year (15–17 years)
Sixth Year [or Final Year] (16–18 years) – Leaving Certificate
In some schools, Transition Year is compulsory, in others it is optional, and in others is not available.
Italy[edit]
Main article: Education in Italy
In Italy, education is compulsory from the age of 6 to the age of 16. On parents' demand, children can start the Scuola primaria (see below) one year earlier.
Educazione Infantile:
Asilo nido: 3 months – 3 years
Scuola d'infanzia: 3 years – 5 years
Scuola primaria (informally: Scuola Elementare):
I elementare: 6–7
II elementare: 7–8
III elementare: 8–9
IV elementare: 9–10
V elementare: 10–11
Scuola secondaria di primo grado (informally: Scuola Media):
I media – 11–12
II media – 12–13
III media – 13–14
Scuola secondaria di secondo grado (informally: Scuola Superiore):
biennio
I superiore – 14–15
II superiore – 15–16
triennio
III superiore – 16–17
IV superiore – 17–18
V superiore – 18–19
Japan[edit]
Main article: Education in Japan
In Japan, the years are organized in three stages and renumbered within each stage: 6 years in elementary school (小学校, shōgakkō) years 1 to 6, then 3 years in lower secondary (中学校, chūgakkō) years 1 to 3, then 3 years in higher secondary (高等学校, kōtōgakkō, abbreviated 高校, kōkō) years 1 to 3. The first nine years (elementary 1–6 and lower secondary 1–3) are compulsory, and the years in higher secondary school are voluntary. Completing higher secondary education or attaining an equivalent level is required before one may receive higher education at universities (大学, daigaku).
Year
Ages
Stage
Year 1 6–7 Elementary
Year 2 7–8
Year 3 8–9
Year 4 9–10
Year 5 10–11
Year 6 11–12
Year 1 12–13 Lower secondary
Year 2 13–14
Year 3 14–15
Year 1 15–16 Higher secondary
Year 2 16–17
Year 3 17–18
Malaysia[edit]
Main article: Education in Malaysia
Compulsory education in Malaysia spans a period of 11 years and comprises both primary and secondary education. Kindergarten is optional.
Malaysian primary school consists of six years of education, referred to as Year 1 to Year 6 (formerly Standard 1 to Standard 6). Year 1 – 3 are classified as Level One (Tahap Satu in Malay) while Year 4 – 6 make up Level Two (Tahap Dua). Primary schooling usually begins at the age of 7 and ends at 12. Students take their first national examination, the UPSR, towards the end of the Year 6 school year. Performance in the UPSR has no effect on their resuming schooling; all students continue with their secondary education after leaving primary school.
Secondary schooling usually begins at age 13. Secondary schools offer education for a total of five years, starting with Form 1 and finishing at Form 5. Forms 1 – 3 are grouped together into the "Lower Form" and Forms 4 & 5 are considered the "Upper Form". Students in Form 3 will have to sit for their second national exam, the PT3. They are then streamed into sciences or humanities classes for the Upper Form according to their performance in this exam. At age 17 students in Form 5 sit for the final level of national examinations, the SPM (Malaysian Certificate of Education). Achieving a passing grade in the Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language) portion of the exams is compulsory; failure results in an automatic failing grade for all subjects taken in the examination and the student is held back to repeat Form 5. Completion of the examination signifies that the student has completed formal education in Malaysia; an SPM certificate remains the base requirement to secure most jobs in Malaysia.
After the SPM, students have a choice of either continuing with Form 6 (which comprises 2 years, Lower and Upper Six) or entering matriculation (pre-university programs). If they opt for Form 6, they will be required to take the STPM examination. Although generally taken by those desiring to attend public universities in Malaysia, an STPM certification is internationally recognized and may also be used, though rarely required, to enter private local universities for undergraduate courses.
Educational stages in Malaysia
Year
Ages
School
Kindergarten (optional) 4–6 Preschool
Tahun 1 (Year 1) 7 Tahap Satu (Level One or Lower Primary)
Tahun 2 (Year 2) 8
Tahun 3 (Year 3) 9
Tahun 4 (Year 4) 10 Tahap Dua (Level Two or Higher Primary)
Tahun 5 (Year 5) 11
Tahun 6 (Year 6) 12
Tingkatan 1 (Form 1) 13 Menengah Rendah (Lower Secondary)
Tingkatan 2 (Form 2) 14
Tingkatan 3 (Form 3) 15
Tingkatan 4 (Form 4) 16 Menengah Atas (Upper Secondary)
Tingkatan 5 (Form 5) 17
Tingkatan 6 (Form 6) (optional) 18–19 Pre-university programme
Mexico[edit]
Main article: Education in Mexico
In Mexico, grades 1 through 12 can be divided into two stages: Educación Básica, and Educación Media Superior.[6] Educación Básica covers pre-primary education to the equivalent of eighth grade.[7] Educación Media Superior covers ninth through twelfth grade, and students' levels are identified by their current semester, not by their grade.[8]
Year
Ages
School
Educación Básica 3 – 5/6 Preescolar / Kinder
Primer grado (1o) 6/7 Primaria
Segundo grado (2o) 7/8
Tercer grado (3o) 8/9
Cuarto grado (4o) 9/10
Quinto grado (5o) 10/11
Sexto grado (6o) 11/12
Primero de secundaria 12/13 Secundaria
Segundo de secundaria 13/14
Tercero de secundaria 14/15
Educación Media Superior Primer semestre, and Segundo semestre 14/15 Bachillerato / Preparatoria
Tercer semestre, and Cuarto semestre 15/16
Quinto semestre, and Sexto semestre 16/17
Nepal[edit]
Main article: Education in Nepal
In Nepal, the stages of education are primary education, secondary education, and higher secondary. Pre-primary education is also found in some areas. Generally, the pre-primary level covers nursery and kindergarten. Primary education consists of grades one through five, while lower secondary education covers grades six through eight and secondary education covers grades nine through ten. Higher secondary covers grades eleven and twelve. Students get Secondary Education Examination certificate in grade ten. According to the new Education Act, the national grade 12 Examination will result in the School Leaving Certificate (SLC).
Year
Ages
School
Nursery 3–4 Preschool
Kindergarten 4–6
Year 1 5–6 Primary
Year 2 6–7
Year 3 7–8
Year 4 8–9
Year 5 9–10
Year 6 10–11 Lower secondary
Year 7 11–12
Year 8 12–13
Year 9 13–14 Junior higher secondary
Year 10 14–16
Year 11 15–17 Senior higher secondary
Year 12 16–18
New Zealand[edit]
Main article: Education in New Zealand
In New Zealand children are required by law to attend 10 years of educational instruction, from the age of 6 to 16. The law also provides in the same legislation that all people are allowed to attend free education to the age of 18, this legislation is the Education Act 1989. Children enroll at primary school when they turn five years old. From years 1–6 students attend primary school. In years 7 and 8 students attend intermediate, or a joint school (years 1–8 or years 7–13). The final years of free education are spent in secondary school (years 9–13). New Zealand also has two older educational stage-numbering systems; standards 5 & 6 were largely unused with the introduction of intermediate schools in the 1950s, while "primmer" numbering was in use well into the 1970s, and some academically focused secondary schools still use "form" numbering.
Year level
Ages
Old systems
School
0 5 (If Born After March) Primary School
1 5–6 Junior 1 Primmers 1, 2 & 3
2 6–7 Junior 2 Primmers 3 & 4
3 7–8 Standard 1
4 8–9 Standard 2
5 9–10 Standard 3
6 10–11 Standard 4
7 11-12 Form 1 Standard 5 Intermediate School (Some Primary Schools also
offer these year levels)
8 12-13 Form 2 Standard 6
9 13-14 Form 3 Secondary School
10 14-15 Form 4
11 15-16 Form 5
12 16-17 Form 6
13 17-18 Form 7
Norway[edit]
Main article: Education in Norway
In Norway children start school at the age of six; before that kindergarten is voluntary. This school is called barneskole (childrenschool):
6–7: First grade
7–8: Second grade
8–9: Third grade
9–10: Fourth grade
10–11: Fifth grade
11–12: Sixth grade
12–13: Seventh grade
The second school is ungdomsskole (youth-school). At this level the students are rated with grades in each subject, in addition to behavior and orderliness:
13–14: Eighth grade
14–15: Ninth grade
15–16: Tenth grade
The last school before higher education is called videregående skole (ongoing school) and is voluntary, though most choose to attend. At this level students decide among separate career-related schools. The most popular such school is designed to prepare one for further education,[citation needed] while others prepare students for such as mechanics, electricians, cooks and so on. Educational stages in these schools begin again at "one" and are named Vg1, Vg2, Vg3 and Vg4. Some of the more practical schools last only two years, and some students may choose to attend an extra year to study higher education. The typical duration is three years, though some schools offer a four-year program to enable students to engage in more athletics or gather real work experience.
16–17: Vg1
17–18: Vg2
18–19: Vg3
19–20: Vg4
Philippines[edit]
Main article: Education in the Philippines
Previously in the Philippines, there are only ten years of compulsory education. School starts on the first or second week of June, while school ends in the last week of March or first week of April. There are three stages of education in the Philippines — elementary, junior high school, and senior high school. The original ten years of compulsory education, was raised to twelve years of education. This policy was implemented in June, 2012. Here is the table:
Grade
Age
School
Stage
Kindergarten 4–6 Preschool Elementary school
Grade 1 6–7 Primary school
Grade 2 7–8
Grade 3 8–9
Grade 4 9–10
Grade 5 10–11
Grade 6 11–12
Grade 7 12–13 Secondary school Junior high school
Grade 8 13–14
Grade 9 14–15
Grade 10 15–16
Grade 11 16–17 Senior high school
Grade 12 17–18
Russia[edit]
In Russia, compulsory education lasts eight or nine years and begins the year the child turns seven (8 years) or, sometimes, six (9 years). The first stage of elementary school can last either 3 years (so called 1–3 programme for children starting at the age of 7) or 4 years (so called 1–4 programme for children starting at the age of 6). After of the first stage all pupils enter 5th grade, thus pupils that started at the age of 7 do not attend the 4th grade.
Educational stages in Russia
Year
Ages
School
Yasli 1–2 Early
Kindergarten 3–6 (7)
First Grade 7–8 (6–7) Elementary
Second Grade 8–9 (7–8)
Third Grade 9–10 (8–9)
Fourth grade 9–10 (only for the pupils studying by 1–4 programme)
Fifth Grade 10–11 Middle
Sixth Grade 11–12
Seventh Grade 12–13
Eighth Grade 13–14
Ninth Grade 14–15
Tenth Grade 15–16 High
Eleventh Grade 16–17
While it is not compulsory to remain in school after graduating from middle school, a student cannot progress to tertiary school without graduating from high school or vocational school.
Singapore[edit]
Main article: Education in Singapore
In Singapore, compulsory education lasts ten years and begins the year the child turns seven. However, most children receive a preschool education spanning two to three years before entering primary school after which they will move on to a secondary school, where Sec 5 is only made compulsory for students who have achieved a determined score for their PSLE. For Secondary School, there are 2 (some) or 3 streamings: Express (Exp), Normal Academic (NA), Normal Technical (NT), of which Exp students is studying for 4 years while NA & NT students have to study for 5 years. One may be retained/transferred to NA/NT, depending on which stream one is in, if one’s score does not meet the school’s requirement.
Educational stages in Singapore
Year
Ages
School
Nursery (N1/2) 3-4 Nursery Kindergarten
Kindergarten (K1/2) 5-6
Primary One 6–7 Primary
Primary Two 7–8
Primary Three 8–9
Primary Four 9–10
Primary Five 10–11
Primary Six 11–12
Secondary One (Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)) 12–13 Secondary
Secondary Two (Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)) 13–14
Secondary Three (Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)) 14–15
Secondary Four (Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)) 15–16
Secondary Five (Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)) 16–17
While it is not compulsory to remain in school after graduating from secondary school, most go on to receive their tertiary education at a junior college, a polytechnic, or an institute of technical education (ITE) before moving on to university.
Sweden[edit]
Main article: Education in Sweden
In Sweden children start school at the age of seven; before that preschool is voluntary. It is unusual to skip a year of "preschool class", with most children attending at age six.
6–7: Preschool class (Förskoleklass)
First set of grades are called "lågstadiet" (low grades).
7–8: "ettan" (First Grade)
8–9: "tvåan" (Second Grade)
9–10: "trean" (Third grade)
Second set of grades are called "mellanstadiet" (middle grades).
10–11: "fyran" (Fourth grade)
11–12: "femman" (Fifth grade)
12–13: "sexan" (Sixth grade)
Third set of grades are called "högstadiet" (high grades).
13–14: "sjuan" (Seventh grade)
14–15: "åttan" (Eighth grade)
15–16: "nian" (Ninth grade)
The last school before higher education is called "gymnasiet" (ongoing school) and is voluntary, though most choose to attend. At this level students decide among separate career-related schools. Some of the more practical schools last only two years, and some students may choose to attend an extra year to study higher education. The typical duration is three years, though some schools offer a four-year program to enable students to engage in more athletics or gather real work experience.
16–17: "första ring" (First Level)
17–18: "andra ring" (Second Level)
18–19: "tredje ring" (Third Level)
19–20: "fjärde ring" (Fourth Level)
United Kingdom[edit]
Main article: Education in the United Kingdom
England and Wales[edit]
In England and Wales education is divided into two stages: primary education and secondary education. Required assessment within the National Curriculum takes place in years 2 and 6 (National Curriculum assessments) and Year 11 (GCSEs). School education is generally followed by two years of further education – often in a 6th form or 6th form college and then three or four years at university by those who decide to stay in education.
Children begin school either in the school year or school term in which they reach their fifth birthday. Primary schools educate children from Reception through to Year 6, and may be subdivided into infant and junior schools. Alternatively, children may attend private prep schools.
Secondary education is compulsory to the age of 16. However, in England you will be required to return to full time education, take on an apprenticeship or internship or work or volunteer at least 20 hours a week while part time studying until the age of 18. Schools have various possible names, such as grammar, comprehensive and secondary schools, which may or may not indicate selective admission or tuition fees (see main article). 6th form|6th form education is not compulsory at present, and not all secondary schools have a 6th form. There are also 6th form colleges just for Year 12 and 13 students.
Some secondary schools still use the 'form' system, with Year 7 being 1st Form (or '1st year'), Year 8 being Second Form, et cetera, up until Year 12 and Year 13, which together make up the 6th Form (namely lower and upper sixth form). Some independent schools use other naming systems.
In some areas in England, a three-tier system of education is used, in which students pass through three stages: First school/Lower school (Reception to Year 3/4), Middle school (Year 4/5 to Year 7/8) and finally High or Upper School (Year 8/9–Year 13)
Scotland[edit]
Main article: Education in Scotland
In Scotland, education is divided into two stages: primary education and secondary education. Primary education is delivered almost exclusively through primary schools which offer education for pupils aged between 4 and 12. Children are entitled to pre-school education from their third birthday, and must enter compulsory education from the August after their 5th birthday. There is some leeway in the starting date or pupils.[9]
Education lasts 7 years in the primary school, before pupils move to a secondary school for between 4 and 6 years, the last two being optional. There is some variation in the phasing of education in more remote areas of Scotland, where provision may be made in a through school, or in other combinations of institutes.
Numbering of years in Scottish state schools
Year
Ages
School
Nursery 3–4 or 3–5
Primary One 4–5 or 5–6 Primary
Primary Two 5–6 or 6–7
Primary Three 6–7 or 7–8
Primary Four 7–8 or 8–9
Primary Five 8–9 or 9–10
Primary Six 9–10 or 10–11
Primary Seven 10–11 or 11–12
First year (or S1) 11–12 or 12–13 Secondary
Second Year (or S2) 12–13 or 13–14
Third Year (or S3) 13–14 or 14–15
Fourth Year (or S4) 14–15 or 15–16
Fifth Year (or S5) 15–16 or 16–17
Sixth Year (or S6) 16–17 or 17–18
United States[edit]
Main article: Education in the United States
In the United States (U.S.), the grades traditionally begin at 1 and run to 12; they are referred to by ordinal number (e.g. first grade, or 3rd grade to 12th grade). An additional preceding level called kindergarten ("K") is now standard in most areas, and a further preceding level called preschool education or nursery school is not uncommon. In some parts of the state of Wisconsin, kindergarten is split further into junior and senior kindergarten.
Before the term "middle school" became much more commonly applied, grades 7–8 were placed in "junior high school" (with grade 6 in some schools).
At the secondary school level ("high school"), grades 9–12 are also known as freshman (or "first-year"), sophomore, junior, and senior. At the post-secondary level (college or university), these terms are used almost exclusively to refer to what would otherwise be grades 13–16, ending denoted as "college senior". Then come post-graduate levels.
Table US: Ages in grades
Ages
Year
Elementary school
5–6 Kindergarten
6–7 First grade
7–8 Second grade
8–9 Third grade
9–10 Fourth grade
10–11 Fifth grade
Middle school
11–12 Sixth grade[10][11]
12–13 Seventh grade
13–14 Eighth grade
High school
14–15 Ninth grade (freshman)
15–16 Tenth grade (sophomore)
16–17 Eleventh grade (junior)
17–18 Twelfth grade (senior)
The Table US (at left) outlines the ages, in years, of each grade level in the US. However, students are sometimes older because of grade retention or younger because of grade skipping.
In some classes, students from various grades might attend together as a multi-grade class, to offer more variety in course subjects, rather than have only a single grade attend those classes.
See also[edit]
Multi-age classroom
Education by country
United Nations Human Development Index
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ Greenberg, Michael (2007). "A Sudbury Valley Education: The View from Inside". Sudbury Valley School. Framingham, MA, USA. Retrieved 2015-07-25. How do you get access to a computer at school? There are a whole lot of kids that want to use it. What you instantly find is a culture of rules. You have to be certified to use a computer, which means someone who knows has to tell you how you turn it on, how you turn it off, all the things you have to do to not damage the machine, and you have to show them that you know how to do that before you can use the computer on your own.
Jump up ^ "Республиканский Институт Контроля Знаний". rikc.by. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
Jump up ^ "Schools in Manitoba". Manitoba Education. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Education Facts: Schools and School Boards". Ontario Ministry of Education. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Secretaría de Educación Pública | Gobierno | gob.mx". www.gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
Jump up ^ Pública, Secretaría de Educación. "Oferta Educativa para Educación Básica". gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
Jump up ^ Pública, Secretaría de Educación. "Oferta Educativa Educación Media Superior". gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
Jump up ^ "Starting school for the first time". Parentzone. Archived from the original on 2008-06-12.
Jump up ^ Wraga, William G.; Hlebowitsh, Peter S.; Tanner, Founding Editor; Tanner, Daniel (6 August 2012). "Research Review for School Leaders". Routledge – via Google Books. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Gao, Zan; Zhang, Peng; Podlog, Leslie William (1 January 2014). "Examining elementary school children's level of enjoyment of traditional tag games vs. interactive dance games". Psychol Health Med. 19 (5): 605–613. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.845304. PMID 24111947 – via PubMed.
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Mamma Mia! (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Mamma Mia!
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Phyllida Lloyd
Produced by
Judy Craymer
Gary Goetzman
Screenplay by
Catherine Johnson
Based on
Mamma Mia!
by Catherine Johnson
Starring
Meryl Streep
Pierce Brosnan
Colin Firth
Stellan Skarsgård
Julie Walters
Dominic Cooper
Amanda Seyfried
Christine Baranski
Music by
Benny Andersson
Björn Ulvaeus
Cinematography
Haris Zambarloukos
Edited by
Lesley Walker
Production
company
Relativity Media
Littlestar Productions
Playtone
Internationale Filmproduktion Richter
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
June 30, 2008 (2008-06-30) (United Kingdom)
July 11, 2008 (2008-07-11) (Sweden)
July 18, 2008 (2008-07-18) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
United States
Sweden
Language
English
Swedish
Budget
$52 million
Box office
$609.8 million[1]
Mamma Mia! (promoted as Mamma Mia! The Movie) is a 2008 British-American-Swedish musical romantic comedy film adapted from the 1999 West End/2001 Broadway musical of the same name, based on the songs of successful pop group ABBA, with additional music composed by ABBA member Benny Andersson. The film was directed by Phyllida Lloyd and distributed by Universal Pictures in partnership with Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson's Playtone and Littlestar, and the title originates from ABBA's 1975 chart-topper "Mamma Mia". Meryl Streep heads the cast, playing the role of single mother Donna Sheridan. Pierce Brosnan (Sam Carmichael), Colin Firth (Harry Bright), and Stellan Skarsgård (Bill Anderson) play the three possible fathers to Donna's daughter, Sophie (Amanda Seyfried). Mamma Mia! received mixed reviews from critics and earned $609.8 million[1] on a $52 million budget.
A sequel, titled Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!, is scheduled for a July 20, 2018 release in the United States with Seyfried, Streep, Firth, Brosnan, Baranski and Cooper returning to reprise their roles.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Musical numbers
4 Production
5 Release
5.1 Reception
5.2 Box office
6 Awards and nominations
7 Home media
8 Sequel
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
On the Greek island of Kalokairi, bride-to-be Sophie Sheridan reveals to her bridesmaids that she has secretly invited three men to her wedding without telling her mother, Donna. They are the men that her mother's diary reveals could have been her father: Irish-American architect Sam Carmichael, Swedish adventurer and writer Bill Anderson, and British banker Harry Bright. She dreams of being given away by her father at her wedding, and believes that after she spends time with them she will know which is her father.
Sophie's mother Donna, who owns a villa, is ecstatic to reunite with her former Dynamos bandmates, wisecracking author Rosie Mulligan and wealthy multiple divorcée Tanya Chesham-Leigh, and reveals her bafflement at her daughter's desire to get married. Donna shows off the villa to Rosie and Tanya. The three men arrive and Sophie smuggles them to their room, explaining that she and not her mother sent the invitations. She begs them to hide so Donna will be surprised by the old friends of whom she "so often" favourably speaks. They overhear Donna working and swear not to reveal Sophie's secret.
Donna spies them and is dumbfounded to find herself facing former lovers, demanding they leave. She confides in Tanya and Rosie that she does not know who fathered Sophie. Tanya and Rosie rally her spirits by getting her to dance with the female staff and islanders. Sophie finds the men aboard Bill's yacht, and they sail around Kalokairi, telling stories of Donna's carefree youth. Sophie plans to tell her fiancé Sky about her ploy, but loses her nerve. Sky and Sophie sing to each other, but Sky is abducted for his bachelor party.
At Sophie's bachelorette party, Donna, Tanya, and Rosie perform. When Sam, Bill, and Harry arrive, Sophie decides to talk with each of them alone. While her girlfriends dance with the men, Sophie learns from Bill that Donna received the money for her villa from his great-aunt Sofia. Sophie guesses she must be Sofia's namesake. She asks him to give her away and keep their secret until the wedding. Sophie's happiness is short-lived as Sam and Harry each tell her they are her father and will give her away. Sophie cannot tell them the truth and, overwhelmed by the consequences of her actions, faints.
In the morning, Rosie and Tanya assure Donna they will take care of the men. Bill and Harry intend to confide in each other, but Rosie interrupts them. Donna confronts Sophie, believing Sophie wants the wedding stopped. Sophie says that all she wants is to avoid her mother's mistakes. Sam accosts Donna, concerned about Sophie getting married so young. Donna confronts him and they realize they still have feelings for each other. Tanya and young Pepper continue flirtations from the previous night. Sophie confesses to Sky and asks for his help. He reacts angrily to Sophie's deception and she turns to her mother for support. As Donna helps her daughter dress for the wedding, their rift is healed and Donna reminisces about Sophie's childhood. Donna admits her mother disowned her when she became pregnant. Sophie asks Donna to give her away. As the bridal party walks to the chapel, Sam intercepts Donna, who reveals the pain she felt over losing him.
Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men agree to be one-third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna, which prompts Rosie to make a play for Bill. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.
Cast[edit]
Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan, Sophie's mother, owner of the hotel Villa Donna.
Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's daughter, Sky's fiancée.
Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's possible father/step-father and an Irish-American architect, husband and one true love of Donna.[2]
Colin Firth as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker; based on "Our Last Summer", which he sings at one point.
Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer.
Dominic Cooper as Sky, Sophie's fiancé, designing a website for the hotel.
Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna's former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author.
Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, Donna's other former bandmate; a rich three-time divorcee.
Philip Michael as Pepper, Sky's best man who likes Tanya. He is also a bartender.
Juan Pablo Di Pace as Petros.
Ashley Lilley as Ali, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Rachel McDowall as Lisa, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Enzo Squillino as Gregoris, one of Donna Sheridan's employees.
Niall Buggy as Father Alex, priest who nearly married Sophie and Sky, but ends up marrying Sam and Donna.
Cameo appearances and Uncredited roles
Benny Andersson as "Dancing Queen" piano player
Björn Ulvaeus as Greek god
Rita Wilson as Greek goddess
ABBA appeared together with the film's cast in 2008.
Musical numbers[edit]
See also: Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack
The following songs are included in the film, of which 18 (including a hidden track) are on the soundtrack album, and 3 are excluded:
"I Have a Dream" – Sophie
"Honey, Honey" – Sophie, Ali and Lisa
"Money, Money, Money" – Donna, Tanya, Rosie and Company
"Mamma Mia" – Donna, Sophie, Ali, Lisa and Greek Chorus
"Chiquitita" – Rosie, Tanya and Donna
"Dancing Queen" – Tanya, Rosie, Donna and Company
"Our Last Summer" – Harry, Bill, Sam and Sophie
"Lay All Your Love on Me" – Sky, Sophie, Sky's Bachelor party friends.
"Super Trouper" – Donna, Tanya and Rosie
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" – Sophie, Donna, Tanya, Rosie, Ali, Lisa and Greek Chorus
"Voulez-Vous" – Donna, Sam, Tanya, Rosie, Harry, Bill, Sky, Ali, Lisa and Pepper
"The Name of the Game" – Sophie (deleted scene)
"SOS" – Sam, Donna and Greek Chorus
"Does Your Mother Know" – Tanya, Pepper, Lisa, Guys and Girls
"Slipping Through My Fingers" – Donna and Sophie
"The Winner Takes It All" – Donna
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" – Sam, Donna and Company
"When All Is Said and Done" – Sam, Donna and Company
"Take a Chance on Me" – Rosie, Bill, Tanya, Pepper, Harry and Company
"Mamma Mia!" (Reprise) – Company
"I Have a Dream" (Reprise) – Sophie
"Dancing Queen" (Reprise) – Donna, Rosie and Tanya
"Waterloo" – Donna, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill, Harry, Sky and Sophie
"Thank You for the Music" – Sophie
The Musical Director of the film was Grammy-Award winner[3] Martin Lowe, a graduate of the University of Hull.[4]
Production[edit]
The Agios Ioannis chapel during filming of the wedding scene for Mamma Mia!.
Most of the outdoor scenes were filmed on location at the small Greek island of Skopelos (during August/September 2007),[5] and the seaside hamlet of Damouchari in the Pelion area of Greece. On Skopelos, Kastani beach on the south west coast was the film's main location site.[5] The producers built a beach bar and jetty along the beach, but removed both set pieces after production wrapped.[5] A complete set for Donna's Greek villa was built at the 007 stage at Pinewood Studios and most of the film was shot there. Real trees were utilised for the set, watered daily through an automated watering system and given access to daylight in order to keep them growing.
The part of the film where Brosnan's character, Sam, leaves his New York office to go to the Greek Island was actually filmed at the Lloyd's Building on Lime Street in the City of London. He dashes down the escalators and through the porte-cochere, where yellow cabs and actors representing New York mounted police were used for authenticity.[6]
The movie was filmed in the Greek island of Skopelos
The Fernando, Bill Anderson's yacht (actually a ketch) in the film was the Tai-Mo-Shan built in 1934 by H. S. Rouse at the Hong Kong and Whampoa dockyards.[7][8]
Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion.[9] She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9/11.[10]
Release[edit]
Though the world premiere of the film occurred elsewhere, most of the media attention was focused on the Swedish premiere, where Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha Fältskog joined Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson with the cast at the Rival Theatre in Mariatorget, Stockholm, owned by Andersson, on July 4, 2008. It was the first time all four members of ABBA had been photographed together since 1986.[11]
Reception[edit]
Pierce Brosnan's singing was heavily panned by critics
Mamma Mia! received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 54% of critics gave the film positive reviews based upon a sample of 175 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10.[12] The Times gave it four stars out of five,[13] as did Channel 4 (Britain) which said it had "all the swing and sparkle of sequined bell-bottoms."[14] BBC Radio 5 Live's film critic Mark Kermode admitted to enjoying the film, despite describing the experience as 'the closest you get to see A-List actors doing drunken karaoke'.[15] The Guardian was more negative, giving it one star, stating that the film gave the reviewer a "need to vomit",[16] while Bob Chipman of Escape to the Movies said it was "so base, so shallow and so hinged on meaningless spectacle, it's amazing it wasn't made for men".[17] The Daily Telegraph stated that it was enjoyable but poorly put together ("Finding the film a total shambles was sort of a shame, but I have a sneaking suspicion I'll go to see it again anyway."),[18] whereas Empire said it was "cute, clean, camp fun, full of sunshine and toe tappers."[19]
The casting of actors not known for their singing abilities led to some mixed reviews. Variety stated that "some stars, especially the bouncy and rejuvenated Streep, seem better suited for musical comedy than others, including Brosnan and Skarsgård."[20] Brosnan, especially, was savaged by many critics: his singing was compared to "a water buffalo" (New York Magazine),[21] "a donkey braying" (The Philadelphia Inquirer)[22] and "a wounded raccoon" (The Miami Herald),[23] and Matt Brunson of Creative Loafing Charlotte said he "looks physically pained choking out the lyrics, as if he's being subjected to a prostate exam just outside of the camera's eye."[24]
Box office[edit]
Mamma Mia! grossed a worldwide total of $602.6 million and is the fifth highest-grossing film of 2008.[1] It became the highest grossing live-action musical of all time, until it was surpassed by Bill Condon's Beauty and the Beast in 2017. It was also the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, until it was surpassed by Patty Jenkins' Wonder Woman in 2017.[25] It is the third highest-grossing film of 2008 internationally (i.e., outside North America) with an international total of $458.4 million and the thirteenth highest gross of 2008 in North America (the US and Canada) with $144.1 million.
In the United Kingdom, Mamma Mia! has grossed £69.2 million as of January 23, 2009, and is the ninth highest-grossing film of all time at the UK box office.[26] The film opened at #1 in the U.K, taking £6.6 million on 496 screens. It managed to hold onto the top spot for 2 weeks, narrowly keeping Pixar's WALL-E from reaching #1 in its second week.[citation needed]
When released on July 3 in Greece, the film grossed $1.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #1 at the Greek box office.[27]
The film made $9.6 million in its opening day in the United States and Canada, and $27.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #2 at the box office, behind The Dark Knight.[28] At the time, it made Mamma Mia! the record-holder for the highest grossing opening weekend for a movie based on a Broadway musical, surpassing Hairspray's box office record in 2007 and later surpassed by Into the Woods.[29]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Mamma Mia!
Golden Globe Awards[30]
Best Motion Picture: Comedy or Musical—nominated
Best Actress in a Motion Picture: Comedy or Musical (Meryl Streep)—nominated
BAFTA Awards[31]
Outstanding British Film—nominated
The Carl Foreman Award for Special Achievement by a British Director, Writer or Producer for their First Feature Film (Judy Craymer)—nominated
Outstanding Music (Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus)—nominated
Golden Raspberry Awards[32]
Worst Supporting Actor (Pierce Brosnan)—won
Home media[edit]
In November 2008, Mamma Mia! became the fastest-selling DVD of all time in the UK, according to Official UK Charts Company figures. It sold 1,669,084 copies on its first day of release, breaking the previous record (held by Titanic) by 560,000 copies. By the end of 2008, the Official UK Charts Company declared that it had become the biggest selling DVD ever in the UK, with one in every four households owning a copy (over 5 million copies sold).[33] The record was previously held by Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl with sales of 4.7 million copies.
In the United States, the DVD made over $30 million on its first day of release.[34] By December 31, 2008, Mamma Mia! became the best-selling DVD of all time in Sweden with 545,000 copies sold.[35]
Single-disc features
Sing-along
"The Name of the Game" deleted musical number
Audio commentary with director Phyllida Lloyd
The single-disc DVD released in Sweden on 26 November contains all of the following:
Sing-along
"The Name of the Game" deleted musical number
Deleted scenes
Outtakes
The Making of Mamma Mia! featurette
Anatomy of a Musical Number: "Lay All Your Love on Me"
Becoming a Singer featurette
A look inside Mamma Mia! featurette
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" music video
Björn Ulvaeus cameo
Audio commentary with director Phyllida Lloyd
German and English audio
Subtitles in English, German, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic
2-disc special edition
The widescreen single-disc includes a bonus disc which includes:
Limited time only digital copy
Deleted scenes and outtakes
The Making of Mamma Mia! featurette
Anatomy of a Musical Number: "Lay All Your Love on Me"
Becoming a Singer featurette
Behind the scenes with Amanda
On Location in Greece featurette
A Look Inside Mamma Mia! featurette
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" music video
Björn Ulvaeus cameo
Blu-ray exclusives
Universal Pictures' U-Control[36]
Behind the Hits (details and trivia of the music while the musical performance plays)
Picture-in-picture (access to cast and crew interviews and behind the scene while the movie plays)
Collector's Edition with Exclusive Bonus Disc
A bonus disc is included in a separate case and bundled with the movie, and includes:[37]
A Talented Trio: The Creators of Mamma Mia! (creator bios)
Christine Baranski and the Boys (choreography of "Does Your Mother Know?")
Breaking Down "Voulez-Vous" (choreography)
More of "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" (choreography)
Meryl's Big Number (choreography of "Mamma Mia")
VH1's 10 Most Excellent Things: Mamma Mia! (documentary clip)
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!
Because of the film's financial success, Hollywood studio chief David Linde, the co-chairman of Universal Studios told The Daily Mail that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, Catherine Johnson, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson, and Björn Ulvaeus agreed to the project, noting that there are still plenty of ABBA songs to use.[38] Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again! was announced on May 19, 2017, with a planned release date of July 20, 2018.[39] It will be written and directed by Ol Parker.[40] On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would be returning as Sophie.[41] Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed in an interview that he would be returning for the sequel along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan.[42] In July 2017, Baranski was confirmed to return as Tanya.[43] That same month, Lily James was confirmed to portray young Donna.[44] Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies are also set to portray younger versions of Sam and Rosie, respectively.[45] Julie Walters and Stellan Skarsgård will also return as Rosie and Bill, respectively.[46]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mamma Mia! (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
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Jump up ^ "Martin Lowe wins Grammy - University of Hull". www2.hull.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter musical director honoured by Hull - University of Hull". www2.hull.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mansfield, Paul (2008-07-15). "Mamma Mia! – Unfazed by the fuss in Skopelos". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110816112619/http://flamin.filmlondon.org.uk/content.asp?CategoryID=1078&ArticleID=1826
Jump up ^ "45’ Teak Ketch 1933. Yacht for sale from classic yacht broker in Poole". Sandeman Yacht brokerage Poole. Sandeman Yacht Company. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Tai-Mo-Shan". Coburg Yacht Brokers website. Coburg Yacht Brokers. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
Jump up ^ Hiscock, John (2008-07-04). "Meryl Streep the singing and dancing queen". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Meryl Streep, speaking on 'Abba:The Mamma Mia Story', ITV
Jump up ^ Sandra Wejbro (2008-07-04). "ABBA återförenades på röda mattan (Swedish)". Aftonbladet. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
Jump up ^ "Mamma Mia! Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2012-07-07.
Jump up ^ http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article4245117.ece(registration required)
Jump up ^ "Film4 - Film4". Channel4.com. 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "Mark Kermode Reviews Mamma Mia - BBC Radio 5 live". YouTube. 2008-07-11. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Peter Bradshaw. "Mamma Mia! | Culture". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "MOVIEBOB: Mama Mia". YouTube. 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "Telegraph review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Angie Errigo (2016-07-21). "Mamma Mia! Review | Movie - Empire". gb: Empireonline.com. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
Jump up ^ Jordan Mintzer (2008-07-05). "Mamma Mia!". Variety. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "The Dark Knight - Mamma Mia! - The Exiles - New York Magazine Movie Review". Nymag.com. 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Rickey, Carrie (2008-07-17). "'Mamma Mia,' here we go again - this time on screen". Philly.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Rodriguez, Rene. "Mamma Mia! (PG-13) **Â½ | Singing! And dancing! Not much of a story! Who cares!?! | MiamiHerald.com". Archived from the original on 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
Jump up ^ Brunson, Matt (2008-07-23). "Out of tune | Reviews | Creative Loafing Charlotte". Charlotte.creativeloafing.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Williams, Trey (2017-06-24). "‘Wonder Woman’ passes ‘Mamma Mia!’ as highest-grossing film by female director". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
Jump up ^ "UK all time top grossing films". 25thframe.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
Jump up ^ "Greece Box Office Index". Box Office Mojo. June 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. July 19, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
Jump up ^ Michael Gioia, Vichet Chum (December 30, 2014). ""Into the Woods" Slides Into Second Place in Domestic Box-Office Totals, Beating "Unbroken"". Playbill. Retrieved 2012-01-05. As previously reported, the Rob Marshall-directed film has become the biggest launch of a Broadway adaptation since "Mamma Mia!" ($27.8 million). CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Winners & Nominees 2008 | Golden Globes". Hfpa.org. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "Film Nominations in 2009 - Film - Awards - The BAFTA site". 2009-01-17. Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
Jump up ^ Wilson, John (2009). "29th Annual Golden Raspberry (Razzie) Award "Winners"". Home of the Golden Raspberry Award Foundation. Golden Raspberry Award Foundation. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, Mark (2008-12-31). "'Mamma Mia!' breaks U.K. DVD record". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
Jump up ^ BWW News Desk. "MAMMA MIA! DVD Takes In 30 Million In First Day Of Sales". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ "Nyheterna - tv4.se". nyheterna.se. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Updated: Mamma Mia! Offers a Blu-ray First, Details Announced | HDR TheHDRoom". Thehdroom.com. 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2009-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Mamma Mia! The Movie: Collector's Edition with Exclusive Bonus Disc: Meryl Streep, Pierce Brosnan, Colin Firth, Stellan SkarsgÃ¥rd, Julie Walters, Dominic Cooper, Amanda Seyfried, Christine Baranski, Ashley Lilley, Rachel McDowall, Nancy Baldwin, Heather Emmanuel, Colin Davis, Ricardo Montez, Mia Soteriou, Enzo Squillino Jr., Philip Michael, Chris Jarvis, George Georgiou, Hemi Yeroham, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson, Judy Craymer, Gary Goetzman, Tom Hanks, Mark Huffam, BjÃ¶rn Ulvaeus, Rita Wilson: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Baz Bamigboye (2008-10-17). "Baz Bamigboye on a possible Mamma Mia sequel, Kate Winslet, Leonardo DiCaprio and much more". Mail Online. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
Jump up ^ Bryan Alexander (2017-05-19). "'Mamma Mia' sequel 'Here We Go Again' coming next summer". US Today. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
Jump up ^ Anita Busch (May 19, 2017). "‘Mamma Mia: Here We Go Again!’ On Universal Pictures’ 2018 Schedule". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mike Fleming Jr (June 1, 2017). "Amanda Seyfried Set For ‘Mamma Mia!’ Reprise". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zach Seemayer (June 22, 2017). "EXCLUSIVE: Dominic Cooper Dishes on Returning for 'Mamma Mia 2': It's 'a Phone Call I've Been Waiting For'". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Amanda N'Duka (July 12, 2017). "Christine Baranski Returning For Universal’s ‘Mamma Mia!’ Sequel". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jenna Busch (July 12, 2017). "Mamma Mia Sequel Casts Baby Driver’s Lily James". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ BWW News Desk (August 3, 2017). "Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies Join Cast of MAMMA MIA Sequel". Broadway World. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spencer Perry (August 22, 2017). "Here We Go Again: Mamma Mia! Sequel Begins Production". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Louise FitzGerald, Melanie Williams: Mamma Mia! The Movie: Exploring a Cultural Phenomenon. I.B. Tauris, 2013, ISBN 9781848859425
External links[edit]
Official website
Mamma Mia! on IMDb
Mamma Mia! at AllMovie
Mamma Mia! at Box Office Mojo
Mamma Mia! at Rotten Tomatoes
Mamma Mia! at Metacritic
Mamma Mia! production notes
Agios Ioannis in Skopelos island - The chapel were the wedding scene was filmed
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