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Eustachian tube
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Eustachian Tube
External and middle ear. Eustachian tube labelled as auditory tube
Middle ear, with auditory tube at bottom right
Details
Precursor
first pharyngeal pouch
Identifiers
Latin
Tuba auditiva, tuba auditivea,
tuba auditoria
MeSH
A09.246.397.369
Code
381.81
Dorlands
/Elsevier
t_21/12826987
TA
A15.3.02.073
FMA
9705
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The Eustachian tube /juːˌsteɪ.ʃən/, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube,[1] is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear. It is a part of the middle ear. In adult humans the Eustachian tube is approximately 35 mm (1.4 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter.[2] It is named after the sixteenth-century anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi.[3]
In humans and other land animals the middle ear (like the ear canal) is normally filled with air. Unlike the open ear canal, however, the air of the middle ear is not in direct contact with the atmosphere outside the body. The Eustachian tube connects from the chamber of the middle ear to the back of the nasopharynx.
Normally, the Eustachian tube is collapsed, but it gapes open both with swallowing and with positive pressure. When taking off in an airplane, the surrounding air pressure goes from higher (on the ground) to lower (in the sky). The air in the middle ear expands as the plane gains altitude, and pushes its way into the back of the nose and mouth. On the way down, the volume of air in the middle ear shrinks, and a slight vacuum is produced. Active opening of the Eustachian tube is required to equalize the pressure between the middle ear and the surrounding atmosphere as the plane descends. A diver also experiences this change in pressure, but with greater rates of pressure change; active opening of the Eustachian tube is required more frequently as the diver goes deeper into higher pressure.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Bony part
1.2 Cartilaginous part
1.3 Muscles
2 Development
3 Function
3.1 Pressure equalization
3.2 Mucus drainage
4 Clinical significance
4.1 Surgical eardrum piercing
4.2 Permanent venting to external ear canal
4.3 Eustachian tube prosthesis
4.4 Removal of excessive tube tissue
5 Other animals
6 Additional images
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Structure[edit]
Upper respiratory system, showing entrance to auditory tube near middle.
The Eustachian tube extends from the anterior wall of the middle ear to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, approximately at the level of the inferior nasal concha. It consists of a bony part and a cartilaginous part.
Bony part[edit]
The bony part (1/3) nearest to the middle ear is made of bone and is about 12 mm in length. It begins in the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squamous and the petrous parts of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous part.[4]
Cartilaginous part[edit]
The cartilaginous part of the Eustachian tube is about 24 mm. in length and is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the bony part of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.
The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal bone and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal opening, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus.
The position and relations of the pharyngeal opening are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil.
Muscles[edit]
There are four muscles associated with the function of the Eustachian tube:
Levator veli palatini (innervated by the vagus nerve)
Salpingopharyngeus (innervated by the vagus nerve)
Tensor tympani (innervated by the mandibular nerve of CN V)
Tensor veli palatini (innervated by the mandibular nerve of CN V)
The tube is opened during swallowing by contraction of the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini, muscles of the soft palate.[1]
Development[edit]
The Eustachian tube is derived from the ventral part of the first pharyngeal pouch and second endodermal pouch, which during embryogenesis forms the tubotympanic recess. The distal part of the tubotympanic sulcus gives rise to the tympanic cavity, while the proximal tubular structure becomes the Eustachian tube. It helps transformation of sound waves.
Function[edit]
Pressure equalization[edit]
Under normal circumstances, the human Eustachian tube is closed, but it can open to let a small amount of air through to prevent damage by equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere. Pressure differences cause temporary conductive hearing loss by decreased motion of the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the ear.[5] Various methods of ear clearing such as yawning, swallowing, or chewing gum may be used to intentionally open the tube and equalize pressures. When this happens, humans hear a small popping sound, an event familiar to aircraft passengers, scuba divers, or drivers in mountainous regions. Devices assisting in pressure equalization include an ad hoc balloon applied to the nose, creating inflation by positive air pressure.[6] Some people learn to voluntarily 'click' their ears, together or separately, performing a pressure equalizing routine by opening their Eustachian tubes when pressure changes are experienced, as in ascending/descending in aircraft, mountain driving, elevator lift/drops, etc. Some are even able to deliberately keep their Eustachian tubes open for a brief period, and even increase or decrease air pressure in the middle ear. The 'clicking' can actually be heard by putting one's ear to another's while performing the clicking sound. This voluntary control may be first discovered when yawning or swallowing, or by other means (above). Those who develop this ability may discover that it can be done deliberately without force even when there are no pressure issues involved.
Mucus drainage[edit]
The Eustachian tube also drains mucus from the middle ear. Upper respiratory tract infections or allergies can cause the Eustachian tube, or the membranes surrounding its opening to become swollen, trapping fluid, which serves as a growth medium for bacteria, causing ear infections. This swelling can be reduced through the use of decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, and phenylephrine.[7] Ear infections are more common in children because the tube is horizontal and shorter, making bacterial entry easier, and it also has a smaller diameter, making the movement of fluid more difficult. In addition, children's developing immune systems and poor hygiene habits make them more prone to upper respiratory infections.
Clinical significance[edit]
Play media
Video explanation of eustachian tube dysfunction
Otitis media, or inflammation of the middle ear, commonly affects the Eustachian tube. Children under 7 are more susceptible to this condition, one theory being that this is because the Eustachian tube is shorter and at more of a horizontal angle than in the adult ear. Others argue that susceptibility in this age group is related to immunological factors and not Eustachian tube anatomy.[citation needed]
Barotitis, a form of barotrauma, may occur when there is a substantial difference in air or water pressure between the outer and the inner ear — for example, during a rapid ascent while scuba diving, or during sudden decompression of an aircraft at high altitude.
Some people are born with a dysfunctional Eustachian tube[8] that is much slimmer than usual. The cause may be genetic, but it has also been posited as a condition in which the patient did not fully recover from the effects of pressure on the middle ear during birth (retained birth compression).[9][unreliable medical source] It is suggested that Eustachian tube dysfunction can result in a large amount of mucus accumulating in the middle ear, often impairing hearing to a degree. This condition is known as otitis media with effusion, and may result in the mucus becoming very thick and glue-like, a condition known as glue ear.
A patulous Eustachian tube is a rare condition in which the Eustachian tube remains intermittently open, causing an echoing sound of the person's own heartbeat, breathing, and speech. This may be temporarily relieved by holding the head upside down.
Smoking can also cause damage to the cilia that protect the Eustachian tube from mucus, which can result in the clogging of the tube and a buildup of bacteria in the ear, leading to a middle ear infection.[10]
Recurring and chronic cases of sinus infection can result in Eustachian tube dysfunction caused by excessive mucus production which, in turn, causes obstruction to the openings of the Eustachian tubes.
Surgical eardrum piercing[edit]
In severe cases of childhood inner ear infections and Eustachian tube blockage, ventilation can be provided by a surgical puncturing of the eardrum to permit air equalization, known as myringotomy. The eardrum would normally naturally heal and close the hole, so a tiny plastic rimmed grommet is inserted into the hole to hold it open. This is known as a tympanostomy tube. As a child grows, the tube is eventually naturally expelled by the body. Longer-lasting vent grommets with larger flanges have been researched, but these can lead to permanent perforation of the eardrum.
Permanent venting to external ear canal[edit]
Surgical implantation of permanent bypasses around the eardrum have also been studied, though these suffer from blockage issues, requiring frequent manual cleaning. These also can lead to inner ear infection due to the direct path from the external to the internal ear.[11]
Eustachian tube prosthesis[edit]
Another approach to permitting middle ear drainage is the use of a prosthesis inserted into the Eustachian tube, to assist in holding the tube open. The prosthesis does not necessarily hold the tube completely open all the time, but may instead lightly brace the tissue walls of a narrow tube to assist in venting.
One such example invented in 1978 is a silicone tube with a flange at the top, which keeps it from dislodging and sliding out into the throat.[12] However, in a study in 1978 it was not found to be effective for long-term use, and would eventually become internally blocked with mucus or otitis media, or dislodged from its position.[13]
Removal of excessive tube tissue[edit]
Debridement has also been studied as a solution to inability to open the Eustachian tube. Hypertrophy (excessive growth) of the cells that produce mucus can make the tube hard to open, and the procedure to reduce the growth is known as "microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty".[14]
Other animals[edit]
In the equids (horses) and some rodent-like species such as the desert hyrax, an evagination of the eustachian tube is known as the guttural pouch and is divided into medial and lateral compartments by the stylohyoid bone of the hyoid apparatus. This is of great importance in equine medicine as the pouches are prone to infections, and, due to their intimate relationship to the cranial nerves (VII, IX, X, XI) and the internal and external carotid artery, various syndromes may arise relating to which is damaged. Epistaxis (nosebleed) is a very common presentation to veterinary surgeons and this may often be fatal unless a balloon catheter can be placed in time to suppress bleeding.
Additional images[edit]
Frontal section through left ear; upper half of section
View of the inner wall of the tympanum (enlarged)
The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above
See also[edit]
Ear
Ear drum
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Keith L. Moore; Arthur F. Dalley; A. M. R. Agur (13 February 2013). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 970. ISBN 978-1-4511-1945-9.
Jump up ^ http://www.medicinenet.com/eustachian_tube_problems/article.htm
Jump up ^ Eustachian tube at Who Named It?
Jump up ^ 'Ear - Dissector Answers Archived 2006-08-24 at the Wayback Machine. at University of Michigan Medical School
Jump up ^ Page 152 in: Rex S. Haberman (2004). Middle Ear and Mastoid Surgery. New York: Thieme Medical Pub. ISBN 1-58890-173-4.
Jump up ^ Leunig, A.; Mees, K. (2008). "Mittelohrbelüftung mit dem Otovent®-Latexmembran- System". Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 74 (6): 352–354. doi:10.1055/s-2007-997756. PMID 7662078.
Jump up ^ "Middle Ear, Eustachian Tube, Inflammation/Infection Treatment & Management". Medscape. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
Jump up ^ Eustachian Tube Function and Dysfunction at Baylor College of Medicine
Jump up ^ "FAQs - Cranial Osteopathy". The Children's Clinic. Archived from the original on 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Dubin MG, Pollock HW, Ebert CS, Berg E, Buenting JE, Prazma JP (2002). "Eustachian tube dysfunction after tobacco smoke exposure". Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 126 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1067/mhn.2002.121320. PMID 11821759.
Jump up ^ US Patent #3,982,545, "Middle ear aeration and implant", issued Aug 22, 1974 http://www.google.com/patents/US3982545 Accessed Feb 4, 2016
Jump up ^ US Patent #4015607, "Eustachian tube prosthesis", issued Jan 23, 1976 http://www.google.com/patents/US4015607 Accessed Feb 4, 2016
Jump up ^ J.W. Wright III et al. "The Eustachian tube prosthesis revisited", Journal of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol. 86, 1978, pp. 834-837
Jump up ^ Metson, R; Pletcher, SD; Poe, DS (2007). "Microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty: A preliminary report". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136: 422–7. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.031. PMID 17321871.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eustachian tube.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction And Sinus Infection
5-Minute Clinical Consult Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Pressure Regulation
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What's Love Got to Do with It (film)
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This article is about the film. For the 1993 album of the same name, see What's Love Got to Do with It (album). For the 1984 single of the same name, see What's Love Got to Do with It (song).
What's Love Got to Do with It
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Brian Gibson
Produced by
Doug Chapin
Barry Krost
Screenplay by
Kate Lanier
Based on
I, Tina
by Tina Turner
Kurt Loder
Starring
Angela Bassett
Laurence Fishburne
Music by
Stanley Clarke
Production
company
Touchstone Pictures
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc.
Release date
June 6, 1993 (1993-06-06) (Los Angeles)
June 25, 1993 (1993-06-25) (United States)
Running time
118 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$15 million
Box office
$39,100,956
What's Love Got to Do with It is a 1993 American biographical film directed by Brian Gibson, loosely based on the life of American-born singer Tina Turner. It stars Angela Bassett as Tina Turner and Laurence Fishburne as Ike Turner.
The screenplay was adapted by Kate Lanier from the book I, Tina written by Tina Turner and Kurt Loder. Both Ike and Tina Turner assigned rights to Lanier for their lives to be dramatized in the film. The film's soundtrack featured the hit song "I Don't Wanna Fight", which went to number one in seven countries. In the United States, the film grossed almost $40 million and around $20 million in rentals. In the United Kingdom, it grossed nearly £10 million.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Differences from noted events
5 Awards and honors
6 Ebony Readers' Poll
6.1 Other honors
7 Reception
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Born and raised in Nutbush, Tennessee, Anna Mae Bullock (Tina's birth name) grows up in an unhappy family, with her parents leaving and abandoning her at a young age. Following her grandmother's death, she relocates to St. Louis, reuniting with her mother and close sister Alline. Anna Mae pursues a chance to be a professional singer after seeing charismatic bandleader Ike Turner perform one night. Later she wins her spot in Turner's band after singing onstage and he begins mentoring her. In time, an unexpected romance develops between the two after she moves into Ike's home. Shortly afterwards, they marry and begin having musical success together as Ike and Tina Turner.
The marriage quickly turns violent when Ike starts physically dominating her, leaving her no chance to escape. In public, Tina rises from local St. Louis phenomenon into an R&B superstar with Ike growing increasingly jealous of the attention given to her. Ike turns to drugs and his abusive behavior worsens. As Tina seeks solace in her chaotic life, a friend turns her on to Buddhism, eventually convincing her that reciting the Lotus Sutra and chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo will help "change her life." Tina grows increasingly confident afterwards and in a final fight with Ike finally musters the courage to defend herself, eventually leaving Ike after they arrive at a hotel.
Winning the right to retain her stage name after their divorce, Tina continues working to pay bills. She gets a break after meeting Roger Davies, who eventually helps her realize her dreams of rock stardom. Despite Ike's attempts to win her back, Tina eventually prevails and finds solo success, accomplishing her dreams without Ike.
Cast[edit]
Angela Bassett as Anna Mae Bullock / Tina Turner
Rae'Ven Larrymore Kelly as Young Anna Mae Bullock
Cora Lee Day as Grandma Georgiana
Khandi Alexander as Darlene
Laurence Fishburne as Ike Turner
Jenifer Lewis as Zelma Bullock, Tina's mother
Phyllis Yvonne Stickney as Alline Bullock
Penny Johnson Jerald as Lorraine Turner
Vanessa Bell Calloway as Jackie
Chi McBride as Fross
Sherman Augustus as Reggie
Terrence Riggins as Spider
Bo Kane as Dance Show Host
Terrence Evans as Bus Driver
Rob LaBelle as Phil Spector
James Reyne as Roger Davies
Richard T. Jones as Ike Turner, Jr.
Shavar Ross as Michael Turner
Damon Hines as Ronnie Turner
Suli McCulloghh as Craig Turner
Elijah B. Saleem as teenage Ike Turner, Jr.
Production[edit]
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Angela Bassett, nominated for an Academy Award for her portrayal of Tina Turner
Halle Berry, Robin Givens, Pam Grier, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, and Vanessa L. Williams were all considered for the role of Tina Turner.[1] Whitney Houston was actually offered the role, but had to decline due to imminent maternity. Jenifer Lewis also originally auditioned to play Tina Turner but was cast instead as Tina's mother even though she was born in 1957 and just one year older than Angela Bassett.
Angela Bassett auditioned for the role in October 1992 and was chosen only a month before production began in December. During that time she had to learn not only how to talk like Turner but to dance and move like her. She would have been willing to try to do the singing as well, but ''not in the time we had,'' she said. ''I did think about it for a second, though.'' Instead, she lip syncs to soundtracks recorded by Tina Turner and Fishburne. Bassett worked with Tina Turner, but only ''a little bit.'' Turner helped most with the re-creations of her famed dance routines.[2]
All the Ike and Tina Turner songs used in the film were newly re-recorded versions featuring Tina Turner covering her own songs. On "Proud Mary" and "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", Laurence Fishburne sings Ike Turner's parts. For Tina Turner's solo recordings, the original masters were used, including the Phil Spector-produced "River Deep - Mountain High".
Laurence Fishburne was offered the role of Ike Turner five times and turned it down each time.[3] ''It was pretty one-sided,'' said Fishburne, who turned down the project based on the script he first read. Ike, Fishburne added, was ''obviously the villain of the piece, but there was no explanation as to why he behaved the way he behaved - why she was with him for 16 to 20 years, what made her stay.'' The writers made some changes and though Ike is still shown as a pretty despicable sort, the film offers at least some insight into him - most notably a scene in which Ike recalls watching, at age 6, his father's death from wounds suffered in a fight over a woman. The changes helped persuade Fishburne to do the role, but he says that Bassett's casting as Tina played a key part. ''She was the deciding factor, really,'' he said.[2]
Fishburne did not have Ike Turner around as a role model as much as he would have liked. He did meet Ike Turner once, though, during production of the film. "He was not particularly welcome on this project," Fishburne says. The actor's only meeting was a brief introduction when Ike showed up at the Turners' former home in Baldwin Hills during a location shoot. Ike signed some autographs and showed Fishburne his walk. "It was nice to meet him," says Fishburne. "Regardless of his actions, he was so much a part of Tina's life. The movie is about him just as much as her. It's unfortunate that he wasn't welcomed, that both of them weren't around more."[4]
In his autobiography Taking Back My Name, Ike Turner claims the movie damaged his reputation immensely and attacks many of the scenes for being either not strictly accurate or completely fabricated.[citation needed] Director Brian Gibson had no contact with Ike. "I never spoke to him," says Gibson. "I was not allowed to. Disney felt that it would not be a good idea."[4] Tina herself admitted she wish the film had more truth to it and later stated that she wasn't proud that the film had her being portrayed as a "victim". Since they sold the right to use their name and image for the film, neither Tina nor Ike had control over the script. Tina's more graphic accounts of Ike's abuse in her book were not added to the film.
Bassett was injured while filming the first spousal abuse sequence. She fell off the back of a high-rise sofa, put her hands out to reduce the impact, and suffered a hairline fracture of her right hand. She only tried the stunt fall once, and footage leading up to the mishap appears in the film.[citation needed]
Actress Vanessa Bell Calloway, who plays the fictional character Jackie, was leery of voicing the Buddhist chant because of her strong Christian faith. Director Brian Gibson allowed her to form the words with her lips silently during filming and added the words with a voice double in post-production. She also appeared alongside Tina in the music video of "What's Love Got to Do with It".[citation needed]
Differences from noted events[edit]
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Though the film took its story from Tina Turner's autobiography, I, Tina, it was determined to be only loosely based on the book, meaning certain events in the film were "fictionalized for dramatic purposes".[5] Examples of the fictionalized scenes include:
In the film, Tina's constant friend, "Jackie" (played by Vanessa Bell Calloway), was a member of The Ikettes who left the Ike and Tina Turner Revue after a violent blowup with Ike in a roadside restaurant. In actuality, this character was fabricated for dramatic purposes. This fictionalized character also visits Tina in the hospital after her attempted suicide and later introduces Tina to Buddhism, chanting "Nam Myoho Renge Kyo" in front of the Gohonzon. Turner never mentioned a friend named Jackie in her autobiography; this single character apparently represents an amalgamation of friends from Tina's past, including members of the Ikettes and friends from the band's entourage.[citation needed]
When Anna Mae Bullock sees Ike Turner and his Kings of Rhythm perform, Ike is shown as the front man. The real-life Ike Turner had stage fright, and though he was a band leader and organizer, he often had other performers, particularly male singers, fronting the band.[citation needed]
The original vocalist behind "Rocket 88", sung by Laurence Fishburne as Ike in the movie, was Jackie Brenston.
During Anna Mae's first performance with Ike and the Kings of Rhythm, Ike is shown playing guitar. But both Tina and Ike have stated Tina sang after being given a microphone by the band's drummer, while Ike played piano during an intermission, rather than during a live performance as illustrated in the film, though she did later front the band the night she began singing with them.[citation needed]
A reenactment shows Tina recording her first song, called "Tina's Wish," on the film's soundtrack. However, this song is actually a re-recording Tina made of an old Ike and Tina song, "Make Me Over," from the Ike & Tina album, Nutbush City Limits (1973). Tina's first recording (as "Little Ann") was actually singing background on one of Ike's songs, "Box Top".[citation needed]
In the film Ike's live-in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor pulls a gun on Tina before Ike and Tina began a sexual relationship. In reality, Ike and Tina were already intimate prior to Lorraine confronting Tina with his .38-caliber pistol. Tina was pregnant with Ike's baby at the same time as Lorraine. They tried to keep the fact that he was the father of Tina's baby a secret from Lorraine.
During the scene where Ike and Tina are scheduled to perform at the Apollo Theater in 1960, the bill lists Martha and the Vandellas and Otis Redding as fellow headliners. In reality, Martha and the Vandellas had not formed yet, several of them were performing in another different vocal group called the Del-Phis, while Redding had yet to record his first single and was fronting several bands.[citation needed]
The film shows Tina giving birth to Ike's son, named Craig, but in reality, Craig Turner was Tina's child with another man, Raymond Hill. Hill was a member in Ike's band. Tina gave birth to Craig when she was 18 in 1958. Ike and Tina's only child together, Ronald Renelle Turner also known as Ronnie, was born on October 27, 1960.[citation needed]
Ike did not sneak Tina out of the hospital after she gave birth. In her book she says Ike was not present for the birth of their son. Tina checked herself out the hospital when she discovered a woman Ike hired to replace her while she recovered was a prostitute. While in the hospital Tina was informed that her replacement was using the name Tina Turner to get clients so she went to confront the woman and beat her. Ike mentions the incident in his book as well, he was out of town and unaware that the woman was a prostitute. Tina does mention another incident of being sick in the hospital and claimed Ike had his guys sneak her out.
The film depicts Ike and Tina getting hitched after the birth of their son Craig (who was actually Ronnie) in 1960 when in reality they married two years later in 1962.
While Tina mentions that there were accounts of Ike abusing her, he never pushed cake in her face leading to a fight in a diner. That scene in the film dramatizes an incident Tina accounted in her autobiography, which describes that Ike had bought a pound cake because someone told him she asked for it. Tina says she did not but Ike told her to eat it anyways so she complied.[6]
During the scene in the ambulance after Tina tried to commit suicide by overdosing on prescription pills Ike's character tells her, "If you die, I'll kill you." In reality Tina was unconscious and did not know what Ike said to her. In her book she joked that survived because she was so afraid of Ike.
The film portrays Ike raping Tina in their home studio during the recording of "Nutbush City Limits." In reality, the song was recorded at Ike's Bolic Sound Studio and there is no mention of marital rape in Tina's autobiography. Ike also denied that he raped Tina.
When Tina performs at the Ritz, the film has the timeline at 1983, and the host announces her arrival as her "debut solo performance". However, Tina had first performed at that theater in 1981.[citation needed] Also inaccurate was the film's portrayal of Ike's visit to the theater, where he failed at silencing Tina with his gun. In truth, Ike was never at the Ritz; he had not been seen in public for years following his and Tina's divorce in 1978. Ike had remained in Los Angeles, estranged from Tina for quite some time by 1981. The film's loose depictions do, however, capture the reality that Ike made multiple dangerous attempts to get Tina back following her divorce suit, in which he did threaten bodily harm, and Tina bought a gun to protect herself from Ike and his friends at the time.[6]
Awards and honors[edit]
Bassett won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy/Musical and an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Motion Picture. Laurence Fishburne was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Bassett was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role. The film won an American Choreography Award for one of its dance sequences.
Academy Awards
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor (Laurence Fishburne)
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actress (Angela Bassett)[7]
Golden Globes
Won — Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Angela Bassett)
Ebony Readers' Poll[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
Ref.
1994 What's Love Got to Do with It favorite movie of the year Won [8]
Other honors[edit]
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"What's Love Got to Do with It" – Nominated[9]
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #85[10]
Ranked #2 on Top 9 Subjects of a Music Bio-Pic by Entertainment Weekly[11]
Ranked #8 on Top 10 Best Rock Biopics by Rolling Stone Readers' Poll[12]
Ranked #9 on The Best Black Movies of the Last 30 Years By Complex[13]
Reception[edit]
The movie received critical acclaim.[14][15][16][17] It currently holds a 96% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 49 reviews with the consensus: "With a fascinating real-life story and powerhouse performances from Angela Bassett and Laurence Fishburne, What's Love Got to Do with It is a can't miss biopic."
Ike Turner complained that Fishburne's portrayal of him was inaccurate.[18]
Phil Spector slammed the movie (and the book) as a "piece of trash", which "demonized and vilified Ike".[19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Walker, Michael (1993-05-16). "SUMMER SNEAKS : Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism : The singer's film biography, 'What's Love Got to Do With It,' focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com/2. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ Jump up to: a b "How Laurence And Angela Became Ike And Tina". tribunedigital-orlandosentinel. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
Jump up ^ Walker, Michael (1993-05-16). "SUMMER SNEAKS : Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism : The singer's film biography, 'What's Love Got to Do With It,' focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com/2. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
^ Jump up to: a b WALKER, MICHAEL (1993-05-16). "SUMMER SNEAKS : Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism : The singer's film biography, 'What's Love Got to Do With It,' focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
Jump up ^ Walker, Michael (1993-05-16). "SUMMER SNEAKS : Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism : The singer's film biography, 'What's Love Got to Do With It,' focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback - Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Tina. I, Tina.
Jump up ^ Seymour, Gene (1995-12-22). "Angela Bassett: Grounded--and Soaring as an Actress : After Vampires, Strange Days, the Film Star Can 'Exhale'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
Jump up ^ "EBONY Readers Poll End Of Year". Retrieved March 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "Top 9 Subjects of a Music Bio-Pic". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Best Rock Biopics". Rolling Stone Readers' Poll. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
Jump up ^ "The Best Black Movies of the Last 30 Years". Complex. Retrieved 2018-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Tina turns tumultuous life into 'Love'". Baltimore Sun. 1993-06-18. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Tina Turner Story Tunes In To The Rhythms Of Real Life". Chicago Tribune. 1993-06-11. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (1993-06-09). "MOVIE REVIEW : 'Love': Playing It Nice and Rough : Exceptional Acting Powers Story of Up and Downs of Ike and Tina Turner". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ Rickey, Carrie (1994-03-24). "For Pop Queen Tina Turner, Life Was Never, Ever Nice And Easy". Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ Philips, Chuck (1993-06-24). "Q&A WITH IKE TURNER : 'I Was the One Who Turned Her Into Tina Turner'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Phil Spector criticises Tina Turner at Ike Turner's funeral". NME.com News. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
External links[edit]
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values: Tina – What’s Love Got to Do with It? – German

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values: What's Love Got to Do with It (película) – Spanish

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