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Information
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Information is that which informs. In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind. It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts.[1] As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.[2]
Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of anything. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a sequence of signals). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
Information reduces uncertainty. The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The bit is a typical unit of information, but other units such as the nat may be used. For example, the information encoded in one "fair" coin flip is log2(2/1) = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips is log2(4/1) = 2 bits.
The concept that information is the message has different meanings in different contexts.[3] Thus the concept of information becomes closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Information theory approach
3 As sensory input
4 As representation and complexity
5 As an influence that leads to transformation
6 As a property in physics
7 The application of information study
8 Technologically mediated information
9 As records
10 Semiotics
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
Etymology[edit]
See also: History of the word and concept "information"
The English word apparently derives from the Latin stem (information-) of the nominative (informatio): this noun derives from the verb informare (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach". Inform itself comes (via French informer) from the Latin verb informare, which means to give form, or to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already contained the word informatio meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information in English is not clear.
The ancient Greek word for form was μορφή (morphe; cf. morph) and also εἶδος (eidos) "kind, idea, shape, set", the latter word was famously used in a technical philosophical sense by Plato (and later Aristotle) to denote the ideal identity or essence of something (see Theory of Forms). "Eidos" can also be associated with thought, proposition, or even concept.
The ancient Greek word for information is πληροφορία, which transliterates (plērophoria) from πλήρης (plērēs) "fully" and φέρω (phorein) frequentative of (pherein) to carry through. It literally means "bears fully" or "conveys fully". In modern Greek the word Πληροφορία is still in daily use and has the same meaning as the word information in English. In addition to its primary meaning, the word Πληροφορία as a symbol has deep roots in Aristotle's semiotic triangle. In this regard it can be interpreted to communicate information to the one decoding that specific type of sign. This is something that occurs frequently with the etymology of many words in ancient and modern Greek where there is a very strong denotative relationship between the signifier, e.g. the word symbol that conveys a specific encoded interpretation, and the signified, e.g. a concept whose meaning the interpreter attempts to decode.
Information theory approach[edit]
Main article: Information theory
From the stance of information theory, information is taken as an ordered sequence of symbols from an alphabet, say an input alphabet χ, and an output alphabet ϒ. Information processing consists of an input-output function that maps any input sequence from χ into an output sequence from ϒ. The mapping may be probabilistic or deterministic. It may have memory or be memoryless.[4]
As sensory input[edit]
Often information can be viewed as a type of input to an organism or system. Inputs are of two kinds; some inputs are important to the function of the organism (for example, food) or system (energy) by themselves. In his book Sensory Ecology[5] Dusenbery called these causal inputs. Other inputs (information) are important only because they are associated with causal inputs and can be used to predict the occurrence of a causal input at a later time (and perhaps another place). Some information is important because of association with other information but eventually there must be a connection to a causal input. In practice, information is usually carried by weak stimuli that must be detected by specialized sensory systems and amplified by energy inputs before they can be functional to the organism or system. For example, light is mainly (but not only, e.g. plants can grow in the direction of the lightsource) a causal input to plants but for animals it only provides information. The colored light reflected from a flower is too weak to do much photosynthetic work but the visual system of the bee detects it and the bee's nervous system uses the information to guide the bee to the flower, where the bee often finds nectar or pollen, which are causal inputs, serving a nutritional function.
As representation and complexity[edit]
The cognitive scientist and applied mathematician Ronaldo Vigo argues that information is a concept that requires at least two related entities to make quantitative sense. These are, any dimensionally defined category of objects S, and any of its subsets R. R, in essence, is a representation of S, or, in other words, conveys representational (and hence, conceptual) information about S. Vigo then defines the amount of information that R conveys about S as the rate of change in the complexity of S whenever the objects in R are removed from S. Under "Vigo information", pattern, invariance, complexity, representation, and information—five fundamental constructs of universal science—are unified under a novel mathematical framework.[6][7][8] Among other things, the framework aims to overcome the limitations of Shannon-Weaver information when attempting to characterize and measure subjective information.
As an influence that leads to transformation[edit]
Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns.[9][10] In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate, the pattern.[citation needed] Consider, for example, DNA. The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind. One might argue though that for a human to consciously define a pattern, for example a nucleotide, naturally involves conscious information processing.
Systems theory at times seems to refer to information in this sense, assuming information does not necessarily involve any conscious mind, and patterns circulating (due to feedback) in the system can be called information. In other words, it can be said that information in this sense is something potentially perceived as representation, though not created or presented for that purpose. For example, Gregory Bateson defines "information" as a "difference that makes a difference".[11]
If, however, the premise of "influence" implies that information has been perceived by a conscious mind and also interpreted by it, the specific context associated with this interpretation may cause the transformation of the information into knowledge. Complex definitions of both "information" and "knowledge" make such semantic and logical analysis difficult, but the condition of "transformation" is an important point in the study of information as it relates to knowledge, especially in the business discipline of knowledge management. In this practice, tools and processes are used to assist a knowledge worker in performing research and making decisions, including steps such as:
Review information to effectively derive value and meaning
Reference metadata if available
Establish relevant context, often from many possible contexts
Derive new knowledge from the information
Make decisions or recommendations from the resulting knowledge
Stewart (2001) argues that transformation of information into knowledge is critical, lying at the core of value creation and competitive advantage for the modern enterprise.
The Danish Dictionary of Information Terms[12] argues that information only provides an answer to a posed question. Whether the answer provides knowledge depends on the informed person. So a generalized definition of the concept should be: "Information" = An answer to a specific question".
When Marshall McLuhan speaks of media and their effects on human cultures, he refers to the structure of artifacts that in turn shape our behaviors and mindsets. Also, pheromones are often said to be "information" in this sense.
As a property in physics[edit]
Main article: Physical information
Information has a well-defined meaning in physics. In 2003 J. D. Bekenstein claimed that a growing trend in physics was to define the physical world as being made up of information itself (and thus information is defined in this way) (see Digital physics). Examples of this include the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, where particles can interact without reference to their separation or the speed of light. Material information itself cannot travel faster than light even if that information is transmitted indirectly. This could lead to all attempts at physically observing a particle with an "entangled" relationship to another being slowed down, even though the particles are not connected in any other way other than by the information they carry.
The mathematical universe hypothesis suggests a new paradigm, in which virtually everything, from particles and fields, through biological entities and consciousness, to the multiverse itself, could be described by mathematical patterns of information. By the same token, the cosmic void can be conceived of as the absence of material information in space (setting aside the virtual particles that pop in and out of existence due to quantum fluctuations, as well as the gravitational field and the dark energy). Nothingness can be understood then as that within which no matter, energy, space, time, or any other type of information could exist, which would be possible if symmetry and structure break within the manifold of the multiverse (i.e. the manifold would have tears or holes).
Another link is demonstrated by the Maxwell's demon thought experiment. In this experiment, a direct relationship between information and another physical property, entropy, is demonstrated. A consequence is that it is impossible to destroy information without increasing the entropy of a system; in practical terms this often means generating heat. Another more philosophical outcome is that information could be thought of as interchangeable with energy. Toyabe et al. experimentally showed in nature that information can be converted into work.[13] Thus, in the study of logic gates, the theoretical lower bound of thermal energy released by an AND gate is higher than for the NOT gate (because information is destroyed in an AND gate and simply converted in a NOT gate). Physical information is of particular importance in the theory of quantum computers.
In thermodynamics, information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system that can interpret the information.
The application of information study[edit]
The information cycle (addressed as a whole or in its distinct components) is of great concern to Information Technology, Information Systems, as well as Information Science. These fields deal with those processes and techniques pertaining to information capture (through sensors) and generation (through computation, formulation or composition), processing (including encoding, encryption, compression, packaging), transmission (including all telecommunication methods), presentation (including visualization / display methods), storage (such as magnetic or optical, including holographic methods), etc. Information does not cease to exist, it may only get scrambled beyond any possibility of retrieval (within Information Theory, see lossy compression; in Physics, the black hole information paradox gets solved with the aid of the holographic principle).
Information Visualization (shortened as InfoVis) depends on the computation and digital representation of data, and assists users in pattern recognition and anomaly detection.
Partial map of the Internet, with nodes representing IP addresses
Galactic (including dark) matter distribution in a cubic section of the Universe
Information embedded in an abstract mathematical object with symmetry breaking nucleus
Visual representation of a strange attractor, with converted data of its fractal structure
Information Security (shortened as InfoSec) is the ongoing process of exercising due diligence to protect information, and information systems, from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, destruction, modification, disruption or distribution, through algorithms and procedures focused on monitoring and detection, as well as incident response and repair.
Information Analysis is the process of inspecting, transforming, and modelling information, by converting raw data into actionable knowledge, in support of the decision-making process.
Information Quality (shortened as InfoQ) is the potential of a dataset to achieve a specific (scientific or practical) goal using a given empirical analysis method.
Information Communication represents the convergence of informatics, telecommunication and audio-visual media & content.
Technologically mediated information[edit]
It is estimated that the world's technological capacity to store information grew from 2.6 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 1986 – which is the informational equivalent to less than one 730-MB CD-ROM per person (539 MB per person) – to 295 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007.[14] This is the informational equivalent of almost 61 CD-ROM per person in 2007.[15]
The world’s combined technological capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks was the informational equivalent of 174 newspapers per person per day in 2007.[14]
The world's combined effective capacity to exchange information through two-way telecommunication networks was the informational equivalent of 6 newspapers per person per day in 2007.[15]
As records[edit]
Records are specialized forms of information. Essentially, records are information produced consciously or as by-products of business activities or transactions and retained because of their value. Primarily, their value is as evidence of the activities of the organization but they may also be retained for their informational value. Sound records management ensures that the integrity of records is preserved for as long as they are required.
The international standard on records management, ISO 15489, defines records as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business".[16] The International Committee on Archives (ICA) Committee on electronic records defined a record as, "a specific piece of recorded information generated, collected or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an activity and that comprises sufficient content, context and structure to provide proof or evidence of that activity".[this quote needs a citation]
Records may be maintained to retain corporate memory of the organization or to meet legal, fiscal or accountability requirements imposed on the organization. Willis expressed the view that sound management of business records and information delivered "...six key requirements for good corporate governance...transparency; accountability; due process; compliance; meeting statutory and common law requirements; and security of personal and corporate information."[17][citation not found]
Semiotics[edit]
Michael Buckland has classified "information" in terms of its uses: "information as process", "information as knowledge", and "information as thing".[18]
Beynon-Davies[19][20] explains the multi-faceted concept of information in terms of signs and signal-sign systems. Signs themselves can be considered in terms of four inter-dependent levels, layers or branches of semiotics: pragmatics, semantics, syntax, and empirics. These four layers serve to connect the social world on the one hand with the physical or technical world on the other.
Pragmatics is concerned with the purpose of communication. Pragmatics links the issue of signs with the context within which signs are used. The focus of pragmatics is on the intentions of living agents underlying communicative behaviour. In other words, pragmatics link language to action.
Semantics is concerned with the meaning of a message conveyed in a communicative act. Semantics considers the content of communication. Semantics is the study of the meaning of signs - the association between signs and behaviour. Semantics can be considered as the study of the link between symbols and their referents or concepts – particularly the way that signs relate to human behavior.
Syntax is concerned with the formalism used to represent a message. Syntax as an area studies the form of communication in terms of the logic and grammar of sign systems. Syntax is devoted to the study of the form rather than the content of signs and sign-systems.
Nielsen (2008) discusses the relationship between semiotics and information in relation to dictionaries. He introduces the concept of lexicographic information costs and refers to the effort a user of a dictionary must make to first find, and then understand data so that they can generate information.
Communication normally exists within the context of some social situation. The social situation sets the context for the intentions conveyed (pragmatics) and the form of communication. In a communicative situation intentions are expressed through messages that comprise collections of inter-related signs taken from a language mutually understood by the agents involved in the communication. Mutual understanding implies that agents involved understand the chosen language in terms of its agreed syntax (syntactics) and semantics. The sender codes the message in the language and sends the message as signals along some communication channel (empirics). The chosen communication channel has inherent properties that determine outcomes such as the speed at which communication can take place, and over what distance.
See also[edit]
Abstraction
Accuracy and precision
Anti-information reduces certainty
Classified information
Complex adaptive system
Complex system
Cybernetics
Data storage device#Recording medium
Exformation
Free Information Infrastructure
Freedom of information
Information and communication technologies
Information architecture
Information broker
Information continuum
Informatics
Information geometry
Information inequity
Information infrastructure
Information management
Information mapping
Information overload
Information processor
Information sensitivity
Information superhighway
Information Quality (InfoQ)
Information warfare
Infosphere
Lexicographic information cost
Library science
Philosophy of information
Propaganda model
Quantum information
Receiver operating characteristic
Satisficing
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Information | Definition of Information by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
Jump up ^ "epistemology - Can there be information without a "knower"?". Philosophy Stack Exchange. 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
Jump up ^ A short overview is found in: Luciano Floridi (2010). Information - A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-160954-4. The goal of this volume is to provide an outline of what information is...
Jump up ^ Stephen B. Wicker, Saejoon Kim (2003). Fundamentals of Codes, Graphs, and Iterative Decoding. Springer. pp. 1 ff. ISBN 1-4020-7264-3.
Jump up ^ Dusenbery, David B. (1992). Sensory Ecology. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2333-6.
Jump up ^ Vigo, R. (2011). "Representational information: a new general notion and measure of information". Information Sciences. 181 (21): 4847–59. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2011.05.020.
Jump up ^ Vigo, R. (2013). "Complexity over Uncertainty in Generalized Representational Information Theory (GRIT): A Structure-Sensitive General Theory of Information". Information. 4 (1): 1–30. doi:10.3390/info4010001.
Jump up ^ Vigo, R. (2014). Mathematical Principles of Human Conceptual Behavior: The Structural Nature of Conceptual Representation and Processing. New York and London: Scientific Psychology Series, Routledge. ISBN 0415714362.
Jump up ^ Shannon, Claude E. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
Jump up ^ Casagrande, David (1999). "Information as verb: Re-conceptualizing information for cognitive and ecological models" (PDF). Journal of Ecological Anthropology. 3 (1): 4–13. doi:10.5038/2162-4593.3.1.1.
Jump up ^ Bateson, Gregory (1972). Form, Substance, and Difference, in Steps to an Ecology of Mind. University of Chicago Press. pp. 448–66.
Jump up ^ Simonsen, Bo Krantz. "Informationsordbogen - vis begreb". Informationsordbogen.dk. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
Jump up ^ Merali, Zeeya. "Demonic device converts information to energy : Nature News". Nature.com. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011). "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"". Science. 332 (6025): 60–65. Free access to the article at martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html
^ Jump up to: a b "World_info_capacity_animation". YouTube. 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
Jump up ^ ISO 15489
Jump up ^ Willis 2005.
Jump up ^ Buckland, Michael K. (June 1991). "Information as thing". Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 42 (5): 351–360. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<351::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-3.
Jump up ^ Beynon-Davies, P. (2002). Information Systems: an introduction to informatics in Organisations. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-96390-3.
Jump up ^ Beynon-Davies, P. (2009). Business Information Systems. Basingstoke: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-20368-6.
Further reading[edit]
Liu, Alan (2004). The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of Information. University of Chicago Press.
Bekenstein, Jacob D. (August 2003). "holographic universe". Scientific American.
Gleick, James (2011). The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood. New York, NY: Pantheon.
Lin, Shu-Kun (2008). "Gibbs Paradox and the Concepts of Information, Symmetry, Similarity and Their Relationship". Entropy. 10 (1): 1–5.
Floridi, Luciano (2005). "Is Information Meaningful Data?" (PDF). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 70 (2): 351–70.
Floridi, Luciano (2005). "Semantic Conceptions of Information". In Zalta, Edward N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2005 ed.).
Floridi, Luciano (2010). Information: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Logan, Robert K. What is Information? - Propagating Organization in the Biosphere, the Symbolosphere, the Technosphere and the Econosphere. Toronto: DEMO Publishing.
Nielsen, Sandro (2008). "The Effect of Lexicographical Information Costs on Dictionary Making and Use". Lexikos. 18: 170–89.
Stewart, Thomas (2001). Wealth of Knowledge. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Young, Paul (1987). The Nature of Information. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-92698-2.
External links[edit]
Look up information in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Information technology
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Information.
Semantic Conceptions of Information Review by Luciano Floridi for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Principia Cybernetica entry on negentropy
Fisher Information, a New Paradigm for Science: Introduction, Uncertainty principles, Wave equations, Ideas of Escher, Kant, Plato and Wheeler. This essay is continually revised in the light of ongoing research.
How Much Information? 2003 an attempt to estimate how much new information is created each year (study was produced by faculty and students at the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California at Berkeley)
(in Danish) Informationsordbogen.dk The Danish Dictionary of Information Terms / Informationsordbogen
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News of the World (album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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News of the World
Studio album by Queen
Released
28 October 1977
Recorded
July – September 1977
Studio
Sarm West Studios and Wessex Studios, London
Genre
Hard rock
Arena rock
Length
39:30
Label
EMI
Elektra
Producer
Queen
Mike Stone
Queen chronology
A Day at the Races
(1976)A Day at the Races1976 News of the World
(1977) Jazz
(1978)Jazz1978
Alternative cover
Cover sold in retailer Kmart's stores
Singles from News of the World
"We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You"
Released: 7 October 1977
"Spread Your Wings"
Released: 10 February 1978
"It's Late"
Released: 25 April 1978 (US, Canada, New Zealand and Japan only)
News of the World is the sixth studio album by the British rock band Queen, released on 28 October 1977 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and by Elektra Records in the United States. News of the World was the band's second album to be recorded at Sarm West and Wessex Studios, London, and engineered by Mike Stone, and was co-produced by the band and Stone.
In 1977, punk rock acts, most notably the Sex Pistols, sparked massive backlash towards progressive rock artists such as Queen, to which the band responded by simplifying their symphonic rock sound and gearing towards a more spontaneous hard rock sound.[1][2] The album subsequently went 4x platinum in the United States, and achieved high certifications around the world, selling over 10 million copies and became the band's bestselling studio album to date.[3]
Contents
1 Production
2 Composition
2.1 Side one
2.1.1 "We Will Rock You"
2.1.2 "We Are the Champions"
2.1.3 "Sheer Heart Attack"
2.1.4 "All Dead, All Dead"
2.1.5 "Spread Your Wings"
2.1.6 "Fight from the Inside"
2.2 Side two
2.2.1 "Get Down, Make Love"
2.2.2 "Sleeping on the Sidewalk"
2.2.3 "Who Needs You"
2.2.4 "It's Late"
2.2.5 "My Melancholy Blues"
3 Artwork
4 Promotion
4.1 Singles
5 Tour
6 Reception
7 2011 re-issue
8 40th anniversary edition
9 In popular culture
10 Track listing
10.1 Original release
10.2 40th anniversary edition
11 Personnel
12 Charts
13 Certifications
14 References
15 External links
Production[edit]
Having received some criticism that their first completely self-produced project, A Day at the Races, was a "boring" album,[4] Queen decided to shift their musical focus towards the mainstream but remain as the producers of the next album.
After completing the A Day at the Races tour, the quartet re-entered the studio to begin work on their sixth studio offering in July 1977, enlisting Mike Stone as assistant producer at the Basing Street and Wessex Studios in London. They scaled down their complex arrangements and focused on a "rootsier" sound (as Brian May put it). However the staple of the Queen sound, multi-tracked harmonies and guitar orchestrations, still exist on this album, albeit a bit more subtly. The album was primarily recorded in the same studio as The Sex Pistols, which eventually lead to now famous meeting between Mercury and Sid Vicious. Vicious, upon stumbling into Queen's recording studio, asked "Have you succeeded in bringing ballet to the masses yet?" in response to a comment the singer had made in an interview with NME, to which Mercury called him "Simon Ferocious" and replied "We're doing our best, dear."[5][6]
News of the World shows Queen's songwriting less dominated by May and Freddie Mercury than previously, with Roger Taylor and John Deacon composing two songs each. It has been classified as hard rock[7] and arena rock[8][9], and has been regarded as a transitional album due to its shift towards a more minimalist production.[2] Its songs are notable for their eclectic themes which would crystallise on future albums Jazz and The Game: We Will Rock You and We Are the Champions are arena rock, Who Needs You features a Latin influence, Sheer Heart Attack is punk rock, Sleeping On the Sidewalk is based upon blues rock, Get Down, Make Love features funk overtones, My Melancholy Blues imitates jazz and Fight from the Inside was the groups first disco related song.[10][2] The group completed recording and production of the album two months later in September, and released the album on 28 October 1977.
Composition[edit]
Side one[edit]
"We Will Rock You"[edit]
Main article: We Will Rock You
"We Will Rock You" ( sample) was released as the B-side of "We Are the Champions", and became one of Queen's biggest songs worldwide as a staple of arena and stadium sports. It was a conscious decision by Brian May to make the song simple and anthemic ("stomp, stomp, clap, pause" twice per 4/4 measure), so that their live audience could be more directly involved in the show. In the video for "We Will Rock You" and "Spread Your Wings", May used a copy of his guitar. He supposedly did not want to submit his Red Special to the weather, as the videos for these songs featured the band performing in the snow in Roger Taylor's garden.
On 7 October 2017, Queen released a Raw Sessions version of the track to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the release of News of the World. It features a radically different approach to the guitar solo and includes May's count-in immediately prior to the recording.[11]
"We Are the Champions"[edit]
Main article: We Are the Champions
According to Freddie Mercury, "We Are the Champions" had already been written in 1975 but was not recorded until 1977.[12] Released as a single with "We Will Rock You", "We Are the Champions" reached number two in the UK and number four in the US. "We Are the Champions" was the first promotional video for which fan club members were invited to participate in the filming. The video was filmed at the New London Theatre on 6 October 1977. Everyone received a free single of "We Are the Champions", a day before the single was released, and Queen did a free concert after the shoot.
On 7 October 2017, Queen released a Raw Sessions version of the track to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the release of News of the World. It was made from previously unheard vocal and instrumental takes from the original multi-track tapes. It also presents for the first time the original recorded length of the track, which is two choruses more than the 1977 edited single.[11]
"Sheer Heart Attack"[edit]
Main article: Sheer Heart Attack (song)
"Sheer Heart Attack" was half-finished at the time of the 1974 album of the same name. Taylor sang lead on the demo, but for the definitive version the band decided Mercury should sing lead vocals, with Taylor singing the chorus. Rhythm guitar and bass were played by Taylor, apart from some guitar "screams" by May during the instrumental section.[13]
During the time of the album's recording the punk rock movement came into public view, and this song was viewed as something of a jab at the new musicians who felt bands like Queen were too self-indulgent. Of note is the lyric "I feel so inarticulate", and the fact that Taylor stated in interviews that he thought many of the 1970s punk bands had very little talent.
Official YouTube videos: Video Competition winner, Live at The Bowl
"All Dead, All Dead"[edit]
"All Dead, All Dead" was written and sung by May, and features Mercury on piano and backing vocals. In an episode of In the Studio with Redbeard, May confirmed rumours that the song is partially inspired by the passing of his boyhood pet cat.[14]
On 27 October 2017, in celebration of the album's 40th Anniversary, Queen released a specially created "hybrid version" of the track featuring previously unheard lead vocals by Mercury. It was accompanied with an animated lyric video of a cat exploring a place that is later revealed to be the robot of the album cover ─ the cat being a tribute to Brian's original inspiration for the song as well as to Mercury, who was a devoted cat lover himself.[15]
"Spread Your Wings"[edit]
Main article: Spread Your Wings
"Spread Your Wings" was written by bassist John Deacon. The piano is played by Mercury, although Deacon mimes it in the music video. The video was filmed at the backyard of Taylor's then house, when the weather was freezing, and the band performed in the snow. Mercury can be seen wearing star-shaped sunglasses in the video. May is seen playing a copy of his Red Special, owing to the cold weather conditions. Also, Taylor can be seen singing in the video despite the fact that there are no backing vocals in the song. It was the first Queen single without backing vocals.
"Fight from the Inside"[edit]
"Fight from the Inside" was written and sung by Taylor. In addition to the drums, he also plays rhythm guitar and bass guitar; for the latter he borrowed Deacon's instrument.
The track is built around a jangly guitar riff and is amongst the first in the Queen catalogue to focus predominantly on the drums and bass, as opposed to the lead guitars.[16] It is also one of the few songs in the band's discography recorded almost entirely by one member, another being "Sheer Heart Attack".
Guitarist Slash has cited the guitar riff to this song as one of his favourite riffs of all time.[17]
Side two[edit]
"Get Down, Make Love"[edit]
"Get Down, Make Love", written by Mercury, is among the most sexually oriented songs in the Queen catalogue.
The song was introduced into the band's live show immediately after its release, and remained a staple of their "medley" until the end of the Hot Space Tour of 1982. On the Hot Space tour, the song was reduced to the first verse/chorus only as a way to lead into May's guitar solo. Live, this song featured Taylor's use of Latin-influenced percussion with timbales on the News of the World Tour, and tightly tuned Remo Roto-Toms on the Jazz Tour, Crazy Tour, The Game and Hot Space tours.
The distinctive 'psychedelic' sound effects heard in the song were not produced on a synthesiser, but on May's Red Special and an Electroharmonix Frequency Analyzer pedal, which he would often do live. The studio cut featured an Eventide Harmonizer. These sound effects, together with Mercury's moans and groans, were expanded upon during live renditions of the song, the band taking an opportunity to show off the full potential of their stage lights and effects.
A more aggressive version of this song was covered by Trent Reznor's industrial rock project Nine Inch Nails as a B-side for the 1990 single, "Sin". It was later added as a bonus track to the 2010 remastered edition of Pretty Hate Machine.
"Sleeping on the Sidewalk"[edit]
"Sleeping on the Sidewalk", a blues excursion, was written and sung by May. It is the only song in their discography to be recorded (except for the vocals) in one take.[18] Lyrically, it deals with an aspiring trumpet player's career, delivered in a "rags-to-riches" fashion. May sings with an American accent and measures the aforementioned trumpet player's success by "bucks" (as opposed to pounds). On a close inspection, Deacon can be heard playing the wrong notes in some bass parts, and May can also be heard laughing at the end of the song. It is also one of the few Queen songs that does not feature Mercury, however, he did perform the lead vocals in live performances.
The band's web site states they were unaware that they were being recorded,[19] but May has cast doubt on the authenticity of this, though has confirmed the first take of the backing track was used.[20]
"Who Needs You"[edit]
"Who Needs You" was a song written by Deacon, who, along with May, plays Spanish guitar. Mercury's lead vocal is entirely panned on the right audio channel while the lead guitar is on the left channel. May also plays maracas and Mercury plays a cowbell.
"It's Late"[edit]
Main article: It's Late
"It's Late", written by May, was his idea of treating a song as a three-act theatrical play. It makes use of the tapping technique.
"My Melancholy Blues"[edit]
"My Melancholy Blues" was composed by Mercury. There are no backing vocals or guitars. Despite the title, the track is more related to jazz. Deacon played fretless bass on stage during this song but used a regular fretted bass on the record.
Artwork[edit]
Astounding Science Fiction, October 1953
The album's cover was a painting by American sci-fi artist Frank Kelly Freas. Taylor had an issue of Astounding Science Fiction (October 1953) whose cover art depicted a giant intelligent robot holding the dead body of a man. The caption read: "Please... fix it, Daddy?" to illustrate the story "The Gulf Between" by Tom Godwin.[21] The painting inspired the band to contact Freas, who agreed to alter the painting for their album cover, by replacing the single dead man with the four "dead" band members (with Taylor and Deacon falling to the ground, and Taylor only visible on the back cover). The inner cover (gatefold) has the robot extending its hand to snatch up the petrified fleeing audience in the shattered auditorium where the corpses were removed.[22] Freas said he was a classical music fan and did not know Queen, and only listened to the band after doing the cover "because I thought I might just hate them, and it would ruin my ideas", but eventually liked their music.[21]
Promotion[edit]
Singles[edit]
"We Are the Champions" was released as the first single from the album on 7 October 1977 in the UK, where it reached number 2. In the US it reached number 4.
"Spread Your Wings" followed as the second single. Released in the UK on 10 February 1978, it reached number 34.
"It's Late" is the last single from the album; it was released in 1978, and only in the US, Canada, Japan and New Zealand. It only reached number 74 in the US, failing to chart everywhere else.
Tour[edit]
The News of the World Tour was a concert tour by Queen, supporting their successful 1977 album News of the World. Queen played 26 shows in North America and 21 in Europe. It was the tour first to feature 'We Will Rock You', 'We Are the Champions' and 'Love of My Life'.
Reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [23]
Chicago Tribune [24]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music [25]
Q [26]
Rolling Stone [27]
The Village Voice C[28]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [29]
News of the World initially received mixed reviews, mostly reflecting on the album's shift towards a more mainstream sound, and away from the band's previous predominantly progressive rock sound.[30] The Washington Post commended the band's experimentation within a range of hard rock to soft rock,[4] while Rolling Stone magazine's Bart Testa noted, "Most of the songs on News of the World either challenge Queen's artistic enemies or endeavor to establish a vision of the new order." He further dismissed the album as "the salient fictions of which todays' Top Ten albums are made."[27] In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau said that one side of the album is devoted to "the futile rebelliousness of the doomed-to-life losers (those saps!) (you saps!) who buy and listen", while the other is devoted to songs about indecent women.[28] The Valley News criticised it as being "tamer" than the bands first four LPs, but concluded that "Queen still pulls off top honors," particularly praising the production, Mercury's vocals and May's guitar work.[30]
Retrospective reviews of the record have been generally positive. In Creem magazine's annual poll, readers voted News of the World as the 19th best album of 1977.[31] BBC Music's Daryl Easlea said that the album is an exceptional showcase of "Queen's unerring ability to sound absolutely like no-other group – even when parodying other musical styles".[32] Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune observed that Queen had "ventured deeper into stadium rock",[24] while Brendan Schroer of Sputnikmusic also noted the relation to stadium rock, calling it "the great arena rock wonder" with very few flaws.[33]
2011 re-issue[edit]
On 8 November 2010, record company Universal Music announced a remastered and expanded reissue of the album set for release in May 2011. This was part of a new record deal between Queen and Universal Music, which meant Queen's association with EMI Records would come to an end after almost 40 years. According to Universal Music, all Queen albums would be remastered and reissued in 2011. This reissue included a deluxe edition which contains five additional tracks. The second batch of albums (the band's middle five albums) was released in June 2011.
40th anniversary edition[edit]
On 4 September 2017, Queen announced it would release a multi-format deluxe boxset marking the 40th anniversary of the album's original issue by the Virgin EMI label. The set contains previously unreleased outtakes and rarities from the band's archives, in the form of a newly created "alternative" version of the entire album, dubbed Raw Sessions. The boxset also includes a pure analogue vinyl LP, cut from the original analogue master mix tapes, and a brand new one-hour DVD documentary created from backstage material filmed during the North American leg of Queen's 1977 News of the World Tour.[34]
In promotion of the anniversary release, on 6 October Queen released the previously unheard Raw Sessions of "We Are the Champions" and "We Will Rock You".[11] On 27 October, the band published on their official YouTube channel a new version of "All Dead, All Dead" which features previously unheard lead vocals by Mercury, and was accompanied with an animated lyric video.[15] The box set was officially released on 17 November 2017.
In popular culture[edit]
The album as a whole has been released on Super Audio CD.[35]
The TV show Family Guy dedicated an episode plot line to the album cover, in which Brian scares Stewie with it. Creator Seth MacFarlane stated that he based it off his fear of the cover when he was a child.
Marvel paid tribute to News of the World on the cover of X-Men Gold #11.[36] The cover, by artist Mike del Mindo, depicts a Sentinel holding Old Man Logan and Kitty Pride as Colossus plummets to the ground.
The giant robot from the album cover, also known as "Frank", was used as a special effect during the songs "We Will Rock You" and "Killer Queen" for the 2017–18 Queen + Adam Lambert Tour, which was in celebration of the album's 40th anniversary.[37][38]
Track listing[edit]
Original release[edit]
All lead vocals by Freddie Mercury unless noted.
Side one
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Lead vocals
Length
1. "We Will Rock You" Brian May 2:01
2. "We Are the Champions" Freddie Mercury 2:59
3. "Sheer Heart Attack" Roger Taylor Mercury with Roger Taylor 3:26
4. "All Dead, All Dead" May Brian May 3:10
5. "Spread Your Wings" John Deacon 4:34
6. "Fight from the Inside" Taylor Taylor 3:03
Side two
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Lead vocals
Length
7. "Get Down, Make Love" Mercury 3:51
8. "Sleeping on the Sidewalk" May May 3:06
9. "Who Needs You" Deacon 3:05
10. "It's Late" May 6:26
11. "My Melancholy Blues" Mercury 3:29
show1991 Hollywood Records CD reissue bonus tracks
No.
Title
Length
12. "We Will Rock You" (1991 bonus remix by Rick Rubin) 5:00
show2011 bonus EP
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Feelings Feelings" (Take 10, July 1977) May[39] 1:54
2. "Spread Your Wings" (BBC session, October 1977) Deacon 5:25
3. "My Melancholy Blues" (BBC session, October 1977) Mercury 3:12
4. "Sheer Heart Attack" (Live in Paris, France, 28 February 1979) Taylor 3:34
5. "We Will Rock You" (Fast) (Live in Tokyo, Japan, November 1982) May 2:54
show2011 iTunes bonus videos
No.
Title
Length
1. "My Melancholy Blues" (live at the Summit, 1977) 3:54
2. "Sheer Heart Attack" (live at Hammersmith, 1979) 3:13
3. "We Will Rock You" (Queen Rocks version, 1998) 2:04
40th anniversary edition[edit]
The multi-format deluxe box set features previously unreleased outtakes and rarities from the band's archives, as well as a newly created "alternative" version of the entire album, dubbed Raw Sessions. The boxset includes a pure analogue vinyl LP, cut from the original analogue master mix tapes, and a brand new one-hour DVD documentary created from backstage material filmed during the North American leg of Queen's 1977 News of the World Tour.
showVinyl LP: The Original Album - New Pure Analogue Cut
No.
Title
Length
1. "We Will Rock You" 2:01
2. "We Are the Champions" 2:59
3. "Sheer Heart Attack" 3:26
4. "All Dead, All Dead" 3:10
5. "Spread Your Wings" 4:34
6. "Fight from the Inside" 3:03
7. "Get Down, Make Love" 3:51
8. "Sleeping on the Sidewalk" 3:06
9. "Who Needs You" 3:05
10. "It's Late" 6:26
11. "My Melancholy Blues" 3:29
showCD one: 2011 Bob Ludwig Remaster
No.
Title
Length
1. "We Will Rock You" 2:01
2. "We Are the Champions" 2:59
3. "Sheer Heart Attack" 3:26
4. "All Dead, All Dead" 3:10
5. "Spread Your Wings" 4:34
6. "Fight from the Inside" 3:03
7. "Get Down, Make Love" 3:51
8. "Sleeping on the Sidewalk" 3:06
9. "Who Needs You" 3:05
10. "It's Late" 6:26
11. "My Melancholy Blues" 3:29
showCD two: Raw Sessions
No.
Title
Length
1. "We Will Rock You" (Alterative Version) 2:26
2. "We Are The Champions" (Alternative Version) 4:33
3. "Sheer Heart Attack" (Original Rough Mix) 4:17
4. "All Dead, All Dead" (Original Rough Mix) 3:08
5. "Spread Your Wings" (Alternative Take) 4:56
6. "Fight From The Inside" (Demo Vocal Version) 3:08
7. "Get Down, Make Love" (Early Take) 4:02
8. "Sleeping On The Sidewalk" (Live in the USA, 1977) 3:49
9. "Who Needs You" (Acoustic Take) 2:49
10. "It's Late" (Alternative Version) 6:44
11. "My Melancholy Blues" (Original Rough Mix) 3:36
showCD three: Bonus Tracks
No.
Title
Length
1. "Feelings Feelings" (Take 10, July 1977) 1:55
2. "We Will Rock You" (BBC Session) 1:36
3. "We Will Rock You (Fast)" (BBC Session) 2:52
4. "Spread Your Wings" (BBC Session) 5:33
5. "It's Late" (BBC Session) 6:39
6. "My Melancholy Blues" (BBC Session) 3:13
7. "We Will Rock You" (Backing Track) 2:03
8. "We Are The Champions" (Backing Track) 2:59
9. "Spread Your Wings" (Instrumental) 4:23
10. "Fight From The Inside" (Instrumental) 3:02
11. "Get Down, Make Love" (Instrumental) 3:49
12. "It's Late" (USA Radio Edit 1978) 3:52
13. "Sheer Heart Attack" (Live in Paris 1979) 3:35
14. "We Will Rock You (Fast)" (Live in Tokyo 1982) 2:59
15. "My Melancholy Blues" (Live in Houston 1977) 3:48
16. "Get Down, Make Love" (Live in Montreal 1981) 4:35
17. "Spread Your Wings" (Live in Europe 1979) 5:20
18. "We Will Rock You" (Live at the Milton Keynes Bowl 1982) 2:08
19. "We Are The Champions" (Live at the Milton Keynes Bowl 1982) 3:32
showDVD: Queen: The American Dream (One hour documentary)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Back Into The Studio"
2. "We Will Rock You / We Are the Champions"
3. "Taking Control"
4. "Sheer Heart Attack"
5. "The American Tour"
6. "It's Late"
7. "Spread Your Wings"
8. "My Melancholy Blues"
9. "Get Down, Make Love"
10. "We Are The Champions"
Personnel[edit]
Freddie Mercury – lead vocals (1-3, 5, 7, 9-11), backing vocals (1-4, 7, 9-11), piano (2, 4, 5, 7, 11), cowbell (9)
Brian May – electric guitar (all but 11), backing vocals (1, 2, 10), lead vocals (4, 8), acoustic guitar (9), maracas (9)
Roger Taylor – drums (all but 1), backing vocals (1-3, 6, 10), electric guitar (3, 6), bass guitar (3, 6), lead vocals (6)
John Deacon – bass guitar (2, 4, 5, 7-11), acoustic guitar (5, 9)
Charts[edit]
Chart (1977)
Peak position
Austrian Albums Chart[40] 9
Canadian Albums Chart[41] 2
Dutch Albums Chart[42] 1
French Albums Chart[citation needed] 1
German Albums Chart[43] 7
New Zealand Albums Chart[44] 15
Norwegian Albums Chart[45] 4
Swedish Albums Chart[46] 9
UK Albums Chart[47] 4
US Billboard 200[48] 3
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[49]
3× Platinum 300,000^
France (SNEP)[50]
Gold 553,600[51]
Germany (BVMI)[52]
Platinum 500,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[53]
Platinum 100,000^
Poland (ZPAV)[54]
2008 Agora SA album reissue
Platinum 20,000*
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[55]
Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[56]
Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[57]
4× Platinum 4,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Queen - News of the World: 40th Anniversary Edition album review". Loudersound.com. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Queen's 'News of the World: 10 Things You Didn't Know". Rolling Stone.
^ Jump up to: a b "Queen: Less Flamboyance, More of the Beatles". Originally published by Washington Post. Currently mirrored by Queen Archives. 28 December 1978. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Queen's 'News of the World: 10 Things You DIdn't Know". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "Queen's 'News of the World: 10 Things You DIdn't Know". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "Queen's 'News of the World': 10 Things You Didn't Know". Rolling Stone. ... the rise of punk and New Wave was also calling into question the relevance of Seventies arena rock...
Jump up ^ Gaar, Gillian G.. "Album reviews of Queen's second box of reissues". Goldmine. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Allmusic Review
^ Jump up to: a b c "We Are The Champions & We Will Rock You - The Unheard 'Raw Sessions'". Queen Online. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ A Night at the Opera DVD commentary.
Jump up ^ Purvis, Georg (2007). Queen: Complete Works. Richmond: Reynolds & Hearn. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-905287-33-8.
Jump up ^ Purvis 2007, p. 108.
^ Jump up to: a b "All Dead, All Dead: Unheard Freddie Lead Vocal and New Animated Video". Queen Online. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Sutcliffe, Phil; Hince, Peter; Mack, Reinhold (2009). Queen: The Ultimate Illustrated History of the Crown Kings of Rock. London: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0-7603-3719-5.
Jump up ^ "Queen's 'News of the World: 10 Things You DIdn't Know". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "News of the World". Queen Online. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Brian May's Soapbox (January 28th, 2008)". Retrieved 25 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b As the Symphony gets ready to rock, we remember a local artist, The Virginian-Pilot
Jump up ^ "News of the World: Album Details". Queen Online.
Jump up ^ Allmusic Review
^ Jump up to: a b Kot, Greg (19 April 1992). "An 18-record, 80 Million-copy Odyssey". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.). Omnibus Press. p. 2248. ISBN 0-85712-595-8.
Jump up ^ Q, September 1993, p.119: "The album contained such anthemic fare as 'We Will Rock You' and 'We Are The Champions'."
^ Jump up to: a b "News Of The World". rollingstone.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Christgau, Robert (26 December 1977). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Nathan Brackett; Christian David Hoard (2004). The new Rolling Stone album guide. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 668. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
^ Jump up to: a b "News of the World". Originally published by The Valley News. Currently mirrored by Queen Archives. 11 November 1977. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Rocklist.net...Creem magazine selected readers". Rocklistmusic.co.uk. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Easlea, Daryl. "BBC - Music - Review of Queen - News Of The World". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Schroer, Brendan (8 October 2010). "Review: Queen – News of the World". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Press Release: News Of The World - 40th Anniversary Edition". Queen Online. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "SA-CD.net - Queen: News of the World". www.sa-cd.net.
Jump up ^ "X-Men: Gold Pays Homage To A Queen Cover With A Unique History". bleedingcool.com. 22 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Queen and Adam Lambert pay tribute to Freddie Mercury with rockin' Palace show".
Jump up ^ "Queen News - April 2017". brianmay.com. 18 April 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Feelings, Feelings - Queenpedia.com". Queenpedia.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Queen – News Of The World". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Results – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Queen – News Of The World". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "charts.de". charts.de. 28 February 1979. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Queen – News Of The World (Album)". charts.org.nz. Hung Medien. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Queen – News Of The World". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Queen – News Of The World". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Queen - full Official Chart History - Official Charts Company". www.officialcharts.com.
Jump up ^ "Queen". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – Queen – News of the World". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ "French album certifications – Queen – News of the World" (in French). InfoDisc. Select QUEEN and click OK
Jump up ^ "Les Albums Or :" (in French). Infodisc.fr. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Queen; 'News of the World')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
Jump up ^ "Dutch album certifications – Queen – News of the World" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter News of the World in the "Artiest of titel" box.
Jump up ^ "Polish album certifications – Queen – News of the World" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry.
Jump up ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Queen; 'News of the World')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "British album certifications – Queen – News of the World". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Enter News of the World in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Queen – News of the World". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
Queen official website: Discography: News of the World: includes lyrics of all non-bonus tracks except "We Will Rock You", "We Are the Champions", "Sheer Heart Attack", "It's Late".
Lyrics of "We Will Rock You", "Sheer Heart Attack", "It's Late" at Queen official website (from Queen Rocks)
Lyrics of "We Are the Champions" from Live Magic version (first verse, chorus) at Queen official website
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