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90 Day Fiancé
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90 Day Fiancé
Genre
Reality television
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
44
Production
Running time
42 minutes[1]
Release
Original network
TLC
Original release
January 12, 2014 (2014-01-12) – present (present)
Chronology
Followed by
90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After?
External links
tlc.com
www.tlc.com/tv-shows/90-day-fiance/
90 Day Fiancé is an American documentary series on TLC that debuted January 12, 2014.[2] The series follows couples who have 90 days to decide to marry before their 90-day K-1 visas (available uniquely to foreign fiancés of American citizens) expire. First the petitioner must meet the beneficiary inside or outside the USA and then file a I-129F petition with evidence of meeting and of a relationship. After the petition is approved, the petitioner must pass biometrics and then the process is sent to the foreign embassy of the beneficiary. The beneficiary then files for a visa, before or after passing the medical requirements and is called for an interview. The beneficiary must prove that they meet the requirements of the visa including strong evidence of meeting and a valid relationship. The foreign fiancé travels to the States to live with his or her prospective American spouse. The couples must marry within 90 days, or leave the country. The couples may face language barriers, culture shock, the stigma of being thought of as a "mail order bride" as well as skepticism of friends and family.
Contents
[hide]
1 Season 1 Cast
1.1 Pao & Russ
1.2 Kirlyam & Alan
1.3 Aya & Louis
1.4 Aziza & Mike
2 Season 2 cast
2.1 Chelsea & Yamir
2.2 Danielle & Mohamed
2.3 Evelin & Justin
2.4 Daya & Brett
2.5 Cássia & Jason
2.6 Amy & Danny
3 Season 3 Cast
3.1 Nikki & Mark
3.2 Loren & Alexei
3.3 Noon & Kyle
3.4 Melanie & Devar
3.5 Carolina & Fernando
3.6 Aleksandra & Josh
4 Season 4 Cast
4.1 Anfisa & Jorge
4.2 Nicole & Azan
4.3 Narkyia & Olulowo
4.4 Alla & Matt
4.5 Chantel & Pedro
5 Episodes
5.1 Season 1 (2014)
5.2 Season 2 (2014)
5.3 Season 3 (2015)
5.4 Season 4 (2016)
6 Spin-offs
6.1 90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After?
6.1.1 Season 1
6.1.2 Season 2
6.2 90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days
6.3 90 Day Fiancé: What Now?
7 References
Season 1 Cast[edit]
Pao & Russ[edit]
Russ Mayfield, 27, of Owasso, Oklahoma, met Paola aka Pao, 26, of Bucaramanga, Colombia, while he was in Colombia on a work assignment. She moved to America, and the two were married. They moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma. Russ is a graduate of Oklahoma State University and works as a field engineer. Pao was a fashion designer in Colombia. Since moving to America, she has started modeling and is a personal trainer.
As of the airing of "90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After?", Russ and Pao are still married, but they live in different cities with Pao working as a model/personal trainer in Miami. Eventually, Russ moves to Miami, but is concerned about Pao's revealing outfits during her modeling jobs.
As of 2017, they are still together.
Kirlyam & Alan[edit]
Alan Cox, 29, of Los Angeles, California, met Kirlyam, 21, of Goiânia, Brazil, while he was on a Mormon mission to her hometown. She moved to America to live with him, although the two were virgins at the time of their wedding. She tried modeling, but Alan was jealous of the attention that she was getting. They were married in a Mormon temple, and although Kirlyam's family was unable to attend, they watched a livestream of the event from Brazil. The couple honeymooned in Hawaii.
As of the season 2 update, Kirlyam is waiting for her green card so that she can find employment. Alan is employed by Breen Engineering as a project lead/photo simulation specialist.
As of 2017, they are still together and Kirlyam is expecting the couple's first child, a boy they have named Liam.
Aya & Louis[edit]
Louis Catone, 33, of Indianapolis, Indiana, met Aya, 30, of Ormoc City, Philippines, on an international dating website. Aya wanted Louis to move to the Philippines, but they decided to live in America because he has two young sons. Louis's ex-wife is very involved in his life and that initially intimidated Aya. They were married in a Catholic church. Louis is taking classes, and Aya is exploring the job market. They plan on having a child or children of their own.
The couple decided not to participate in the season 2 update.
As of 2017, the couple are still together.
Aziza & Mike[edit]
Mike Eloshway, 31, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Aziza, 21, of Volgograd, Russia, met on a language learning website. Their relationship was initially platonic. Sometime after Aziza's application for a work visa was denied, their relationship turned romantic. In the Summer of 2014 she arrived to America to live with Mike. They were married although Aziza was very saddened because her family was unable to attend the wedding. Mike is employed as a technical support specialist for the Cleveland Municipal Court. Mike wants to have children right away, while Aziza does not.
As of the season 2 update, Aziza found employment at an optics lab. The couple traveled to Russia where Mike finally met Aziza's parents.
As of 2017, they are still together.
Season 2 cast[edit]
Chelsea & Yamir[edit]
Yamir, 28, of Managua, Nicaragua, and Chelsea, 25, of Galesburg, Illinois, met while she was doing volunteer work in Nicaragua. Yamir was a member of a Nicaraguan boy band. He moved to the United States to live with Chelsea and her parents. This caused a large rift between him and his manager and bandmates. Chelsea’s parents are very supportive of the relationship. Yamir sends some demo tapes to a few music producers in Chicago and receives a reply. He travels to Chicago to meet with producers. The producers say that he needs to move to Chicago to have better opportunities. Unfortunately, Chelsea is resistant to the idea because neither is employed and they can live for free with her parents in Galesburg. The two are married with Yamir’s family also in attendance.
On the season 3 update, Yamir and Chelsea were still married. Yamir made his music debut in the U.S. with Chelsea playing his love interest in the music video, "Party Love". Chelsea found employment as an elementary school teacher.
Yamir and Chelsea filed for divorce in 2017 and Yamir is still living in Chicago, working on his music.
Danielle & Mohamed[edit]
Mohamed Jbali, 26, of Tunis, Tunisia, met Danielle Mullins, 41, of Norwalk, Ohio, in an online chat room. The two were engaged, and Mohammed moves to America. Danielle worked with the mentally disabled and didn't make much money. However, she was fired a few weeks before the wedding. She has three teenage daughters and one adult son from previous relationships. Mohammed claimed to have a job, but Danielle discovered that he lied about that. Although Mohamed also found out that Danielle had lied on multiple things about her private life including passing a bad checks and using someone else's credit card fraudulently. Shortly after the wedding, Mohamed left Danielle due to her continuous unreasonable demands and threats to have him deported if he would not give her sex. He also complained of her hygiene issues and disclosed he had asked her on numerous occasions to seek medical advice for a 'horrible smell' she had on her. He went to Florida with a female friend. Danielle found out about this and consulted a lawyer. She filed for an annulment which if granted would mean that the marriage never took place and Mohamed would therefore be deported back to Tunisia. Mohamed instead wants a divorce which would allow him to stay in America. He pressures her to change the filing. She removes the annulment but refuses to yet file for divorce.
As of 2017, they are officially divorced. They are both in new relationships, but Danielle is still trying to get Mohamed deported. Danielle's relationship is predominantly online with a guy who lives hundreds of miles away however.
Evelin & Justin[edit]
Justin, 34, of San Jose, California, and Evelin, 29, of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, met while they were both attending a rugby match at the 2013 World Games in Colombia. Justin works as a physical education teacher at an elementary school. In Colombia, Evelin worked as a dance instructor. Since moving to America, Evelin has changed the spelling of her name to Evelyn. The couple elected not to participate in the season 3 update.
As of 2016, they are still together.
Daya & Brett[edit]
Brett Otto, 31, of Snohomish, Washington, and Daya De Arce, 29, of San Carlos City, Philippines met on an international dating website. Brett is divorced and has a 6-year-old daughter from his first marriage. His daughter lives with her mother in Montana. Brett works in tool services for Boeing, and Daya found a job in the United States. He had two roommates, but they moved out once Daya arrived. Brett and Daya were married on February 14, 2015. Brett's mother chose not to attend the wedding. The couple elected not to participate in the season 3 update, but later participated in 90 Day Fiance: Happily Ever After?
As of 2017, they are still married and they have a daughter together named Isabella.
Cássia & Jason[edit]
Jason Hitch, 38, of Spring Hill, Florida, and Cássia Tavares, 23, of Curitiba, Brazil met through Facebook while Cássia was in an online relationship with Jason's friend. Once that relationship ended, Jason and Cássia began dating. Cássia came to America and moved in with Jason and his father who share a house. Jason is originally from Champaign, Illinois, and is an Army veteran. He lives very frugally. He buys items from garage sales, auctions, estate sales, etc. and sells them online for a profit. They started a mail order snack business called Gifting Fun.
As of 2017, they are still married.
Amy & Danny[edit]
Danny Frishmuth, 23, of Norristown, Pennsylvania, and Amy, 21, of Cape Town, South Africa met in Australia while the two were on a Bible study trip. They fell in love and got engaged. When Amy arrived in America, she lived with Danny's brother because she and Danny wanted to be virgins when they wed. Danny works in home construction for X-Treme Works in Malvern, Pennsylvania. Danny's father initially objected to the marriage because Danny is white and Amy is black, but he eventually accepted her into the family.
As of 2017, they are still together and are now living in Texas. They have one son, Jedidiah John Frishmuth and a daughter Anna Elise Frishmuth.
Season 3 Cast[edit]
Nikki & Mark[edit]
Mark, 58, of Baltimore, Maryland, and Nikki, 19, of Cebu, Philippines, met on an online dating site. Mark owns a piano rental business. He has four adult children from that marriage who are all older than Nikki. He and his first wife's relationship ended when the children were very young, and Mark was left to raise the children. Mark's first wife and Nikki are from Cebu, Philippines. After meeting on an online dating site, Mark went to the Philippines to meet Nikki and shortly after meeting he proposed to her with a zip tie in the shape of a ring. When Nikki came to Maryland Mark surprised her with a car and taught her how to drive. When Mark told Nikki that the car was the same make and model as the car that he put a deposit on for his first wife, Nikki was confused as she thought it was the very exact same car. Mark's daughter, Elise, felt uncomfortable with the relationship because she is a year older than Nikki. Elise shared her discomfort when Mark wanted to give Nikki clothes that she had previously discarded.
As of 2017, their relationship status is unknown.
Loren & Alexei[edit]
Alexei Brovarnik, 27, of Nazareth Illit, Israel, and Loren, 27, of New York City, met while she was on a Jewish Birthright trip to Israel. He was a medic for her group during the trip. Loren was employed as an executive assistant while in New York, but she left her job and moved to Parkland, Florida to live with her parents as she wouldn't be able to afford to support Alexei during the time that he could not legally work. She is a graduate of the University of North Florida.
Alexei and Loren got married in Israel too, surrounded by Alexei's family and friends and Loren's parents. At a meeting with Alexei's parents, Loren's parents misinformed them about Tourette's syndrome that Loren has. Later on Alexei confronts Loren and her parents why he was not informed that her illness can be genetic and affect their future children.
Alexei's mom later travels to Florida exploring avenues to move the whole family from Israel to the US.
The couple resides in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
As of 2017, they are still together.
Noon & Kyle[edit]
Kyle Huckabee, 28, of New Orleans, Louisiana, and Bajaree Boonma aka Noon, 25, of Bangkok, Thailand, met online through Facebook while he was doing research for a trip to Thailand. The two met in person while he was there on vacation. They were engaged and Noon came to America even though Kyle hadn't officially proposed. They initially lived in Kyle's bachelor apartment with his roommate, but the situation was less than ideal. Kyle started working extra shifts at his job as a bartender on Bourbon Street so that they could afford an apartment of their own. Kyle proposed during a sky-diving trip, and they moved into a new apartment.
Before he met Noon, he was estranged from his parents who are divorced. With Noon's support, he has restated the relationship with his mother. The two were married in a Buddhist temple, but unfortunately, Noon's family was unable to attend the ceremony. Kyle’s mom chose not to attend.
As of 2017, they are still together.
Melanie & Devar[edit]
Devar Walters, 28, of Runaway Bay, Jamaica, and Melanie Bowers, 33, Orwigsburg, Pennsylvania, met while Melanie was on vacation at a Jamaican resort where Devar was employed as a lifeguard. Melanie is a registered nurse. She has custody of her 11-year old son Hunter on weekends. She was married to his father for 5 years before the marriage ended in divorce when she was 26. Devar proposed to Melanie while she was still vacationing, and she accepted.
Back in Pennsylvania, Melanie’s sister, Bev, is extremely concerned and does not trust Devar. The couple hits a rough patch when Devar mentions sending back most of the money he earns to his family in Jamaica; Melanie ponders out loud that she will look into a prenup.
As of 2017, they are still together and expecting their first child together, a girl.
Carolina & Fernando[edit]
Fernando, 39, of Doral, Florida, and Carolina, 22, of Medellín, Colombia, met in Colombia while both on dates with other people. The two were engaged before he returned to America. She moved to Florida to live with him.
After his marriage ended, he invited his parents to share his house. They were able to move past this issue and were married.
A re-cap a few months later reveals the couple has happily settled in together, though Carolina admits she calls her mom several times a day and misses her cat (unfortunately Fernando is allergic to cats).
As of 2017, they are still together.
Aleksandra & Josh[edit]
Josh Strobel, 22, of Rexburg, Idaho, and Aleksandra Iarovikova, 21, of Kirov, Russia, met in Prague, Czech Republic, while Josh was on a Mormon mission and Aleksandra was attending Metropolitan University Prague. Initially an atheist, Aleksandra converted to Mormonism and Josh played a role in this. Before converting, she was also employed as a dancer at a club.[3]
The couple kept in touch after Josh's mission and began dating. Josh visited Russia and proposed in 2015.[4]
Josh and Aleksandra were married in August 2015, soon after Aleksandra's arrival to the US from Prague where she had to finalize her semester in June. A re-cap a few months later reveals that the couple were then expecting their first child. They had a daughter named Kaya in March 2016.
As of 2017, they are still together.
Season 4 Cast[edit]
Anfisa & Jorge[edit]
Anfisa Arkhipchenko, 20, Moscow, Russia, was contacted by Jorge Nava, 27, Riverside, California, via Facebook after he stumbled onto her photos. Though Anfisa was at first resistant to his messages (Jorge claims he "fell in love" with her just by viewing her noticeably sexy photos). Anfisa eventually agreed to meet him and Jorge ends up taking her on an expensive vacation around Europe. Shortly before Anfisa was scheduled to come to the United States, she asked Jorge for an expensive handbag, which Jorge declined to buy for her. Anfisa managed to wipe Jorge's cellphone and cancel the flights, though the two reconciled and eventually Anfisa agrees to travel to the U.S. Jorge is a convicted felon, having pleaded guilty to drug trafficking, which makes it hard for him to rent an apartment.
Anfisa is less than impressed at their living arrangements - a hotel - though why exactly Jorge does not have his own place to live has not been revealed. Even though they live in a hotel, and later at a small rental apartment, and Jorge fails to buy an engagement ring or wedding dress for Anfisa, by some reason Jorge's friends and family are concerned about Anfisa's motives.
At a restaurant, Anfisa admits that she is indeed interested in Jorge providing for her, and she also believes that he is primarily interested in her for her looks and would not want to marry her if she was ugly. At some point, Anfisa was considering going back to Russia, and Jorge considered for a while that he would not try to stop her. Later on, they get married alone in a simple courthouse ceremony, after which Jorge promises to buy the ring to Anfisa and to have a bigger ceremony later on so that her family could attend.
Later on it is shown how Jorge's sister attacks Anfisa at a restaurant claiming that Anfisa is too demanding, even though it is not shown that Anfisa is provided by Jorge any luxurious lifestyle. They still live in a small apartment, he still did not buy her a ring, she does not have a car. Because Jorge did not protect Anfisa in that situation with his sister, they separate and start living separate lives.
Nicole & Azan[edit]
Nicole, 21, Bradenton, Florida, and Azan, 23, Morocco, met via an app that allows users to connect with people all over the world. After hitting it off, though somewhat against her parents wishes, Nicole decides to stay with him for five weeks, leaving her toddler-aged daughter May with her sister. Upon meeting Nicole at the airport, Azan remarks that she is "big...a little bit" but concedes that he is happy. Nicole is thrilled to be in Morocco with Azan (later calling him her "Arabian Prince"), though he has a hard time persuading her that in his culture it is not acceptable for unmarried coupled to be physically affectionate. Nicole persists in trying to hug and kiss Azan, which only causes him to become irritated. Nicole, meanwhile, feels shunned and unsure of their relationship.
Azan takes Nicole to his hometown to visit his family; she is warmly welcomed and we learn that his mother especially is thrilled with Azan's girlfriend. Unfortunately, Nicole later reveals that she cheated on Azan, something that could end the relationship should his family find out.
Azan takes Nicole to the desert and proposes, and she accepts. However, she continues to chafe at the customs of the Muslim culture. She refuses to convert to Islam and he refuses to convert to Christianity.
Their wedding is delayed indefinitely due to Nicole not being able to yet afford to fund the government sponsorship requirements for Azan's staying in the U.S, and her Mom refusing to co sponsor the effort. Nicole believes it will take two years minimum and hopes Azan will wait that long. Their future is unsure, but as of today they are still together, but continuing to live in separate countries.
Narkyia & Olulowo[edit]
Olulowo is currently in Nigeria and used to be in Vietnam. He is trying to meet Narkyia but various obstacles keep popping up. Narkyia and her friends and family are skeptical of him and are wary of a romance scam, but he has not asked for any money and Narkyia is still willing to see where it goes.
They broke up though since Olulowo had been lying to Narkyia about still having been contacting and pursuing a relationship with a woman he had previously had a baby with in the early stages of his relationship with Narkyia.
Alla & Matt[edit]
Matt, 42, Williamstown, Kentucky, and Alla, 30, Kiev, Ukraine, met several years ago using an online dating site but lost touch after Matt married his third wife. A few years and a divorce later, Matt and Alla reconnect. Alla, also a divorcee, has a 7-year-old son named Max. The reserved Alla is easily overwhelmed by Matt's friends and family while Matt continues to deal with lingering issues caused by his previous wives (he claims his first and third wife cheated on him). Alla dreams of a wedding on the beach but Matt's family tries to persuade her to scale back her plans. When Alla opens up that she does not love Matt yet, his friends are very concerned. However, the couple marry.
Chantel & Pedro[edit]
Chantel met Pedro while on a trip to the Dominican Republic, while she was trying to learn Spanish. Chantel would frequently go back to the DR to visit him, and on one of those trips he proposed to her. Because Chantel was worried that her family would think that Pedro was only going after a green card to enter the U.S, Chantel told her parents that he was in America on a student visa. Eventually Chantel and Pedro marry in the US. However, Chantel and Pedro are planning to get married in the Dominican Republic as well, but Pedro doesn't think her family will want to go. They go to the Dominican Republic, but then have some explosive fights and arguments between the family members, as it seems that Pedro's family is using the fact that he is living in the US now and can send them money. Chantel's family is upset because of the obvious improvement of Pedro's family living, while Chantel and Pedro in the US have very modest living. Pedro's family offers Chantel's family chicken feet that is taken as a sign of disrespect.
Episodes[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired[5]
First aired
Last aired
1 6 January 12, 2014 February 23, 2014
2 12 October 19, 2014 December 28, 2014
3 12 October 11, 2015 December 6, 2015
4 14 September 11, 2016 November 20, 2016
Season 1 (2014)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Original air date
1
1 "I Got My Visa!" Jessica Hernandez January 12, 2014 (2014-01-12)
Four women come to the US to live with their American fiances using a unique 90 day K-1 visa. The couples have 90 days to wed before the visas expire.
2
2 "Culture Shock" Jessica Hernandez January 19, 2014 (2014-01-19)
Paola has to adapt to living with Russ' parents and her wild ways leads to collisions with Russ's friends. Kirlyam misses her parents. Aziza meets Mike's skeptical family. Louis prepares his sons and ex-wife for Aya.
3
3 "Enough Is Enough" Jessica Hernandez January 26, 2014 (2014-01-26)
Paola and Russ move into their new apartment. Aya meets Louis' ex-wife and sons. Kirlyam goes to a salon where she is been referred to a modeling agency. Aziza and Mike hit a milestone in their relationship.
4
4 "90 Days Isn't Enough" Jessica Hernandez & Kevin Rhoades February 9, 2014 (2014-02-09)
Russ takes Paola to a tailgate but their wedding plans are jeopardized. Alan is concerned when Kirlyam gets a modelling opportunity. Aziza is confronted by Mike's Mom at her bachelorette party. Aya gets upset as Louis cuts corners on their wedding.
5
5 "Didn't Expect This..." Jessica Hernandez & Kevin Rhoades February 16, 2014 (2014-02-16)
Aziza upsets Mike when he went missing after his bachelor party. Kirlyam and Alan rush their wedding. Paola shops for a wedding dress but Russ might be called back to work. Aya cannot have the wedding of her dreams because of a limited budget.
6
6 "Time's Up" Jessica Hernandez & Kevin Rhoades February 23, 2014 (2014-02-23)
Paola has her bachelorette party but is unsure if her wedding will take place. Aziza gets nervous before her wedding. Kirylam and Alan are both virgins at their wedding night. Louis has Aya doubt as he arrives late for his wedding.
Season 2 (2014)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
7
1 "Where Are They Now? Season 1 Couples" October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
8
2 "New Couples, New Journeys" October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
9
3 "I'm Home, America!" October 26, 2014 (2014-10-26)
10
4 "Watch You Like a Hawk" November 2, 2014 (2014-11-02)
11
5 "Touchdown!" November 10, 2014 (2014-11-10)
12
6 "Mo' Money, Mo' Problems" November 17, 2014 (2014-11-17)
13
7 "Fears, Family, Future" November 23, 2014 (2014-11-23)
14
8 "I Have to Tell You Something" November 30, 2014 (2014-11-30)
15
9 "Going Once, Going Twice...Gone?" December 7, 2014 (2014-12-07)
16
10 "Red Flags" December 14, 2014 (2014-12-14)
17
11 "I'm Gonna Go Home" December 21, 2014 (2014-12-21)
18
12 "The Couples Tell All" December 28, 2014 (2014-12-28)
Season 3 (2015)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
19
1 "Where Are They Now? Season 2 Couples" October 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)
20
2 "Departures and Arrivals" October 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)
21
3 "Welcome to the Family" October 18, 2015 (2015-10-18)
22
4 "Questions & Answers" October 25, 2015 (2015-10-25)
23
5 "Full of Surprises" November 1, 2015 (2015-11-01)
24
6 "Missing Home" November 8, 2015 (2015-11-08)
25
7 "Lights, Camera, Drama" November 15, 2015 (2015-11-15)
26
8 "Don't Push Me" November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)
27
9 "Bachelorette Blues" November 29, 2015 (2015-11-29)
28
10 "What Do You Know About Love?" November 29, 2015 (2015-11-29)
29
11 "This Is It" December 6, 2015 (2015-12-06)
30
12 "Season 3 Tell All" December 6, 2015 (2015-12-06)
Season 4 (2016)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
31
1 "For Your Eyes Only" August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
32
2 "You Say Goodbye, I Say Hello" September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
33
3 "Meet the Family" September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
34
4 "Life's a Beach" September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
35
5 "Testing the Waters" October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
36
6 "I Can See the Cracks" October 9, 2016 (2016-10-09)
37
7 "Time to Tell the Truth" October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
38
8 "This Is What You Came For" October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
39
9 "You're Gonna Miss Me When I'm Gone" October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
40
10 "Confessions of a Foreign Fiancé" November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
41
11 "Are You Ready for This?" November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
42
12 "Too Little Too Late" November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
43
13 "Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Peace" November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
44
14 "Season 4 Tell All" November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
Spin-offs[edit]
90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After?[edit]
90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After? is an American documentary series (Docu-Series) on TLC and a spin-off of 90 Day Fiancé. The series follows six couples from previous seasons and documents the ups and downs of their relationships post-marriage.
90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After? Couples
Couples
Original Season
Seasons
Season 1 (2016)
Season 2 (2017)
Russ & Paola
Season 1
Main
Danielle & Mohamed
Season 2
Main
Brett & Daya
Main
Melanie & Devar
Season 3
Main
Kyle & Noon
Main
Loren & Alexei
Main
Jorge & Anfisa
Season 4
Main
Chantel & Pedro
Main
Season 1[edit]
Returning couples included Season 1's Russ & Paola; Season 2's Danielle & Mohamed and Brett & Daya; and Season 3's Melanie & Devar, Loren & Alexei, and Kyle & Noon. TLC announced the spin-off series in August 2016. The series debuted on September 11, 2016 following the premiere of season 4 of 90 Day Fiancé. The first season ended in November 2016 with a two-part "Tell All" special.
Episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
1
1 "It's Only the Beginning" September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
2
2 "It's My Secret to Tell" September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
3
3 "Something's Up" September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
4
4 "What Don't I Know?" October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
5
5 "The Truth Hurts" October 9, 2016 (2016-10-09)
6
6 "Facing the Past" October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
7
7 "Destination Impossible" October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
8
8 "You Can't Run..." October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
9
9 "I Came All This Way" October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
10
10 "The Roles Reverse" November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
11
11 "The Couples Tell All Part 1" November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
12
12 "The Couples Tell All Part 2" November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
Season 2[edit]
90 Day Fiancé: Happily Ever After? was renewed for a second season in November 2016.[6] The second season debuted on June 25, 2017, and features 90 Day Fiancé Season 1's Russ & Paola, Season 2's Danielle & Mohamed, Season 3's Loren & Alexei, and Season 4's Jorge & Anfisa and Chantel & Pedro.
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
13
1 "Happy Wife, Happy Life?" June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
14
2 "When The Past Catches Up" July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)
15
3 "We Got Bad Blood" July 9, 2017 (2017-07-09)
16
4 "Family Secrets" July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
17
5 "Lost in Translation" July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
18
6 "Lies & Goodbyes" July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
19
7 "Models, Moms & Meltdowns" August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
20
8 "I Do's & I Don'ts" August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
21
9 "Where Do We Go From Here?" August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
22
10 "The Couples Tell All Part 1" August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
23
11 "The Couples Tell All Part 2" September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
24
12 "The Couples Tell All Part 3" September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days[edit]
In November 2016, TLC announced a second spin-off series titled 90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days.[6][7] The premise follows six couples as they start a relationship before the K-1 Visa process begins. It premiered on August 6, 2017.[8]
Episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
1
1 "Bon Voyage!" August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
2
2 "Going the Distance" August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
3
3 "Language of Love" August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
4
4 "Meet the Parents" August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
5
5 "Secrets and Lies" September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
6
6 "Decisions, Decisions" September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
90 Day Fiancé: What Now?[edit]
In March 2017, TLC also announced an original digital spin-off series with the title of 90 Day Fiancé: What Now? for TLCgo.[7] The show provides updates on season 1's Kirlyam & Alan, season 3's Aleksandra & Josh and Melanie & Devar, and season 4's Alla & Matt and Narkyia & Olulowo. TLC uploaded all seven episodes online on July 30, 2017.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 90 Day Fiance - 3 Seasons 2014
Jump up ^ "90 Day Fiance". imdb.com. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00HTAQD00
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00HTAQD00
Jump up ^ 90 Day Fiance Episode Guide at sidereel.com
^ Jump up to: a b Tony Maglio (2016-11-11). "’90 Day Fiance’ Gets Season 5 Renewal, Second Spinoff at TLC (Exclusive)". thewrap.com. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Staff (2017-03-28). "TLC Announces An Aggressive 2017-2018 Upfront Slate With 120 More Hours Of Original Programming". corporate.discovery.com. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
Jump up ^ Staff (2017-07-18). "Get a Sneak Peek of TLC’s New Series '90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days’, Meet the Cast". usmagazine.com. Retrieved 2017-07-19.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90_Day_Fiancé&oldid=800019937"
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Apex predator
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Apex predator (disambiguation).
The lion is Africa's apex land predator.
An apex predator, also known as an alpha predator or top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, upon which no other animals prey.[a][2][3] Apex predators are usually defined in terms of trophic dynamics, meaning that they occupy the highest trophic levels and serve as keystone species, vital to their ecosystems. One study of marine food webs defined apex predators as those feeding at trophic levels above four.[4] The apex predator concept is applied in wildlife management, conservation and ecotourism.
Food chains are often far shorter on land, usually limited to the third trophic level – for example, giant constrictor snakes, hyenas, varanid lizards, wolves, humans, or big cats preying mostly upon large herbivores. Most apex predators are hypercarnivores.
Contents
[hide]
1 Ecological roles
1.1 Effect on competitors and prey
1.2 Effects on wider ecosystem
1.3 Keystone species
2 In humans
3 Gallery
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
Ecological roles[edit]
See also: Mesopredator release hypothesis and Ecological niche
Effect on competitors and prey[edit]
Apex predators affect prey species' population dynamics. Where two competing species are in an ecologically unstable relationship, apex predators tend to create stability if they prey upon both. Inter-predator relationships are also affected by apex status. Non-native fish, for example, have sometimes devastated formerly dominant predators. One lake manipulation study found that when the non-native smallmouth bass was removed, lake trout, the suppressed native apex predator, diversified its prey selection and increased its trophic level.[5]
Effects on wider ecosystem[edit]
Effects on wider ecosystem characteristics such as plant ecology have been debated, but there is evidence of a significant impact by apex predators. When introduced to subarctic islands, for example, Arctic foxes' predation of seabirds has been shown to turn grassland into tundra.[6] Such wide-ranging effects on lower levels of an ecosystem are termed trophic cascades. The removal of top-level predators, often – and, especially, recently – through human agency, can radically cause or disrupt trophic cascades.[7][8]
A now commonly cited example of the effect of apex predators on an ecosystem is the dramatic changes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem recorded after the gray wolf was reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Elk, the wolves' primary prey, became less abundant and changed their behavior, freeing riparian zones from constant grazing and allowing willows, aspens and cottonwoods to flourish, creating habitats for beaver, moose and scores of other species.[9] In addition to their effect on prey species, the wolves' presence also affected one of the park's vulnerable species, the grizzly bear: emerging from hibernation, having fasted for months, the bears chose to scavenge wolf kills,[10][11]:56 especially during the autumn as they prepared to hibernate once again.[11]:90 The grizzly bear gives birth during hibernation, so the increased food supply is expected to produce an increase in the numbers of cubs observed.[12] Dozens of other species, including eagles, ravens, magpies, coyotes and black bears have also been documented as scavenging from wolf kills within the park.[13]
Keystone species[edit]
Keystone species are often apex predators, though there may be other species at the same trophic level. The first example to be described (by Robert Paine) was the relationship between the starfish Pisaster ochraceus and the mussel Mytilus californianus,[14]
Keystone species thus do not have to be at the highest trophic level, but may have their own predators. Thus, sea stars are prey for sharks, rays, and sea anemones, while sea otters are prey for orca.[15]
In humans[edit]
The status of homo sapiens as an apex predator has a complexity subject to various analyses for years.[quantify] The highly varied environments that human beings have lived in (and continue to live in) coupled with the similarly highly varied behaviors of human cultures towards animals make generalizations particularly difficult; though as omnivores that consume more plant matter than meat, humans have the organized ability to drive other species into extinction as well as threatened status vastly unlike any other animal. The topic has been explored in publications such as the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences[16][17] and Scientific American,[18] with disputed results.
Human tool use (especially firearms, but also clubs, spears, nets, and fishing gear) and collaboration with dogs make humans among the deadliest predators on Earth.[citation needed]
Gallery[edit]
Further information: List of apex predators
The saltwater crocodile is the largest living reptile[19] and is the dominant predator throughout its range.[20]
Wolves hunt in packs, often against prey much larger than themselves.
The tiger, like all cats a powerful predator, is one of the largest non-aquatic mammalian predators.
A type B killer whale observes a Weddell seal.[21]
Electric eels use a powerful electrical shock to subdue prey and dissuade attack.
The reticulated python, one of the largest snakes, kills its victims by constriction.
The whale shark, the world's largest fish, is a filter feeder with no natural predators.
Many birds of prey (like this bald eagle) are apex predators. Most of them are, however, subject to intraguild predation.
The American alligator is top predator in the swamps of subtropical North America.
Convergent evolution has given the Tasmanian devil a superficial similarity to badgers, but it is a marsupial.
The honey badger is an aggressive predator capable of holding its own against snakes, big cats, bears, hyenas, dogs, and humans.
In this diorama, the giant squid loses to the sperm whale.
Driver ants in large swarms kill prey several hundred times their size. Their painful bites keep larger animals from attacking them.
The Eurasian brown bear is an adaptable omnivore.
Great white sharks are adaptable and sophisticated hunters.
The polar bear is the largest living species of bear. It can prey upon beluga whales.
Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs, and could exert the largest bite force of any terrestrial animal.
A lion's mane jellyfish, so long as it remains in cold oceanic waters out of the range of the leatherback turtle and the ocean sunfish, is an invulnerable predator of a wide range of prey.
Giant otters have piranhas and spectacled caiman as prey.
Leopard seals take as prey other carnivores as large as penguins and seals.
Humans hunt other animals for food, fur, and recreation.
Dogs may hunt in collaboration with humans.
See also[edit]
Biology portal
Consumers (food chain)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Zoologists generally exclude parasites from tropic levels as they are (often much) smaller than their hosts, and individual species with multiple hosts at different life-cycle stages would occupy multiple levels. Otherwise they would often be at the top level, above apex predators.[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sukhdeo, Michael VK (2012). "Where are the parasites in food webs?". Parasites & Vectors. Springer Nature. 5 (1): 239. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-239.
Jump up ^ "predator". Online Etymological Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ "apex predator". PBS. Archived from the original on 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Essington, Timothy E.; Beaudreau, Anne H.; Wiedenmann, John (December 2005). "Fishing through marine food webs" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (9): 3171–3175. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510964103. PMC 1413903  . PMID 16481614. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Lepak, Jesse M.; Kraft, Clifford E.; Weidel, Brian C. (March 2006). "Rapid food web recovery in response to removal of an introduced apex predator" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63 (3): 569–575. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2008. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Croll, D. A.; Maron, J. L.; et al. (March 2005). "Introduced predators transform subarctic islands from grassland to tundra". Science. 307 (5717): 1959–1961. doi:10.1126/science.1108485. PMID 15790855. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Egan, Logan Zane; Téllez, Jesús Javier (June 2005). "Effects of preferential primary consumer fishing on lower trophic level herbivores in the Line Islands" (PDF). Stanford at Sea. Stanford University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Pace, M. L.; Cole, J. J.; et al. (December 1999). "Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 14 (12): 483–488. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01723-1. PMID 10542455.
Jump up ^ Bystroff, Chris, "The wolves of Yellowstone" Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine. (2006-04-17), p. 2. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Levy, Sharon (November 2002). "Top Dogs". Archived from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Wilmers, Christopher C. (2004). "The gray wolf – scavenger complex in Yellowstone National Park" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-07-12. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Robbins, Jim (May–June 1998). "Weaving a new web: wolves change an ecosystem". Smithsonian Zoogoer. Smithsonian Institution. 27 (3). Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Wilmers, Christopher C.; Getz, Wayne M. (April 2005). "Gray wolves as climate change buffers in Yellowstone". PLoS Biology 3 (4): e92. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030092. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Davic, Robert D. (2003). "Linking keystone species and functional groups: a new operational definition of the keystone species concept" Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.. Conservation Ecology 7 (1): r11. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Estes, J.A.; Tinker, M.T.; Williams, T.M.; Doak, D.F. (1998-10-16). "Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems". Science. 282 (5388): 473–476. Bibcode:1998Sci...282..473E. doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.473. PMID 9774274.
Jump up ^ Eating up the world’s food web and the human trophic level Archived 2017-04-06 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Humans are apex predators Archived 2014-12-20 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Are Humans Apex Predators or Genome Conservers? Archived 2016-01-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Saltwater Crocodile." Archived 2013-09-06 at the Wayback Machine. National Geographic. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ Whiting, Frances. "Terri fights to halt croc eggs harvest." Archived 2010-10-28 at the Wayback Machine. Australia Zoo. 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Jump up ^ "Orcinus orca – Orca (Killer Whale)". Marinebio.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
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Thelma & Louise
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Thelma & Louise
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ridley Scott
Produced by
Ridley Scott
Mimi Polk Gitlin
Written by
Callie Khouri
Starring
Susan Sarandon
Geena Davis
Harvey Keitel
Music by
Hans Zimmer
Cinematography
Adrian Biddle
Edited by
Thom Noble
Production
company
Pathé
Percy Main Productions
Star Partners III Ltd.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release date
May 24, 1991 (1991-05-24)
Running time
129 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$16.5 million
Box office
$45.4 million (North America)[1]
Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma and Susan Sarandon as Louise, two friends who embark on a road trip with unforeseen consequences. The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, and Brad Pitt, whose career was launched by the film.
The film became a critical and commercial success, receiving six Academy Award nominations and winning one for Best Original Screenplay for Khouri. Scott was nominated for Best Director, and both Sarandon and Davis were nominated for Best Actress. At its release the film stirred controversy. At the intersection of several genres, it is now considered a classic. It influenced other films and artistic works, and became a landmark of feminist film. In 2016, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 General
4.2 Feminism
4.3 Awards and honors
5 Soundtrack
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Best friends Thelma Dickinson and Louise Sawyer set out for a weekend vacation at a fishing cabin in the mountains, to take a break from their dreary lives in Arkansas. Thelma, a ditzy housewife, is married to a disrespectful and controlling man, Darryl, while sharp-tongued Louise works as a waitress in a diner, and is on-off dating a musician, Jimmy, who spends most of his time on the road.
On the way they stop for a drink at a roadhouse bar where Thelma meets and dances with a flirtatious stranger, Harlan. When he takes her outside to the parking lot to get some fresh air, he starts kissing her and taking her clothes off without her consent. Thelma resists but Harlan hits her, and then starts raping her. Louise finds them and threatens to shoot Harlan with the gun that Thelma brought with her. Harlan stops but as the women walk away, he yells that he should have continued the rape and continually insults them. Enraged, Louise responds by shooting him dead, and the pair flee the scene.
At a motel, they discuss how to handle the situation. Thelma wants to go to the police but Louise fears they will not be believed and be subsequently charged for murder. They decide to go on the run, but Louise demands they travel from Oklahoma to Mexico without going through Texas. Something happened to Louise in Texas several years earlier and Thelma suspects it was something similar to what had happened with Harlan but Louise adamantly refuses to discuss it. Heading west, the women come across an attractive young drifter, J.D., who Thelma quickly falls for, and she convinces Louise to let him hitch a ride with them. Louise then contacts Jimmy and asks him to wire transfer her life savings to her. When she goes to pick up the money, she finds that Jimmy has come to see her to deliver the money in person, and the two spend the night together. Jimmy proposes to Louise but she refuses. Meanwhile, Thelma invites J.D. to her room, and they sleep together. She then learns he is a thief who has broken parole.
The following morning, Thelma leaves J.D. in her motel room while she meets Louise downstairs for breakfast and, when they return, they discover J.D. has stolen Louise's life savings and fled. Louise is distraught, so a guilty Thelma takes charge and later robs a nearby convenience store using the tactics she learned from listening to J.D. Meanwhile, the FBI are getting closer to catching the fugitives after witnesses at the bar saw Louise's 1966 Ford Thunderbird convertible speeding out of the parking lot the night of the shooting. Their whereabouts are also questioned by the owner of the fishing cabin after the women failed to arrive for the weekend. Arkansas State Police Investigator Hal Slocumb leads the investigation and questions both J.D. and Jimmy, and taps into the phone line at Darryl's house. He discovers that Louise had been raped years earlier in Texas, so sympathizes with her situation and understands why they didn't report Harlan's murder to the authorities. During a couple of brief phone conversations with Louise, he expresses his sympathy, but is unsuccessful in his attempts to persuade her to surrender.
Thelma tells Louise she understands if she wants to go back home, knowing she has Jimmy waiting for her, but explains she cannot go back to Darryl. Louise promises they will keep going together. The pair are later pulled over by a New Mexico state trooper for speeding. Knowing he will soon discover they are wanted for murder and armed robbery, Thelma holds him at gunpoint and locks him in the trunk of his police car, while Louise takes his gun and ammunition. They drive away from the scene and spend the next few nights heading further west. On the road, they encounter a foul-mouthed truck driver who repeatedly makes obscene gestures at them. They pull over and demand an apology from him, but when he refuses, they fire at the fuel tanker he is driving, causing it to explode.
Thelma and Louise are finally cornered by the authorities only one hundred yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon. Hal arrives on the scene, but he is refused the chance to make one last attempt to talk the women into surrendering. Rather than be captured and spend the rest of their lives in jail, Thelma proposes that they "keep going". Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes. They kiss, then Louise steps on the accelerator, and they ride the car over the cliff to their deaths.
Cast[edit]
Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer
Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson
Harvey Keitel as Detective Hal Slocumb
Michael Madsen as Jimmy Lennox
Christopher McDonald as Darryl Dickinson
Stephen Tobolowsky as Max
Brad Pitt as J.D.
Timothy Carhart as Harlan Puckett
Jason Beghe as State Trooper
Marco St. John as Truck Driver
Production[edit]
Although the setting for the film is a fictional route between Arkansas and the Grand Canyon, the movie was filmed almost entirely in the states of California and Utah. The primary filming locations for the movie are rural areas around Bakersfield, California and Moab, Utah. The Grand Canyon scenes were actually filmed just south of Dead Horse Point State Park in Utah.[2]
Reception[edit]
General[edit]
The film was an overwhelming critical success. Metacritic lists a composite critical score of 88 out of 100.[3] Rotten Tomatoes rates Thelma & Louise 83% "Fresh". Janet Maslin of The New York Times had only praise for the film in her review: "Mr. Scott's Thelma and Louise, with a sparkling screenplay by the first-time writer Callie Khouri, is a surprise on this and many other scores. It reveals the previously untapped talent of Mr. Scott (best known for majestically moody action films like Alien, Blade Runner and Black Rain) for exuberant comedy, and for vibrant American imagery, notwithstanding his English roots. It reimagines the buddy film with such freshness and vigor that the genre seems positively new. It discovers unexpected resources in both its stars, Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis, who are perfectly teamed as the spirited and original title characters."[4] Roger Ebert also praised the film, but withheld a perfect score on the basis of "the last shot before the titles begin. It's a freeze frame that fades to white, which is fine, except it does so with unseemly haste... It's unsettling to get involved in a movie that takes 128 minutes to bring you to a payoff that the filmmakers seem to fear."[5]
The film was screened out of competition at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.[6] After watching the film, singer-songwriter Tori Amos wrote "Me and a Gun", the story of her rape six years earlier, which she had told only a few people about before watching this film. Affected by a scene in the movie, Amos began sobbing publicly in a crowded movie theater and writing the lyrics to the song in her head.[7]
Argentinian singer and musician Fito Páez wrote a hit song called "Dos días en la vida" ("Two days in one lifetime") after watching this movie. The lyrics tell the story of the main characters, with verses played by singers Fabiana Cantilo (in the role of Thelma) and Celeste Carballo (Louise). It was one of the most successful singles from his 1992 album El amor después del amor.
The final scene, where the two embrace each other before driving off a cliff, has become iconic. Numerous homages and parodies of the scene have appeared, including alternate movie endings, cartoon parodies, video game "Easter Eggs", and as a tragic ending to television series, music videos and commercials.[clarification needed]
The film also received harsh and significant criticism from those who thought it was anti-male and that its depictions of men were unfairly negative.[8][9]
Feminism[edit]
Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise. Film critic B. Ruby Rich praises the film as an uncompromising validation of women's experiences,[10] while Kenneth Turan calls it a "neo-feminist road movie".[11] In her essay "The Daughters of Thelma and Louise", Jessica Enevold argues that the movie constitutes "an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females". In addition, it "exposes the traditional stereotyping of male–female relationships" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre.[12]
In her review for The Los Angeles Times, film critic Sheila Benson objects to the characterization of the film as feminist, arguing that it is more preoccupied with revenge and violence than feminist values.[13]
In an article commemorating the film's 20th anniversary in 2011, Raina Lipsitz called it "the last great film about women" and said that it heralded the achievements of women that caused 1992 to become "the year of the woman". However, she also said that women-themed films have since been losing ground.[14]
Awards and honors[edit]
Khouri won an Academy Award for Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen; Scott, Davis, Sarandon, cinematographer Adrian Biddle, and film editor Thom Noble were nominated for Oscars.
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Boston Society of Film Critics Best Actress Geena Davis Won
British Society of Cinematographers Best Cinematography Award Adrian Biddle Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Best Actress Geena Davis Nominated
NBR Award Best Actress Susan Sarandon Won
Geena Davis
Top Ten Films Won
Saint Jordi Award Best Foreign Actress Susan Sarandon Nominated
Golden Spike Award Ridley Scott Won
(tied with The Adjuster)
Academy Award Best Original Screenplay Callie Khouri Won
Best Actress in a Leading Role Geena Davis Nominated
Susan Sarandon
Best Cinematography Adrian Biddle Nominated
Best Director Ridley Scott Nominated
Best Film Editing Thom Noble Nominated
BAFTA Award Best Actress Geena Davis Nominated
Susan Sarandon
Best Cinematography Adrian Bibble Nominated
Best Direction Ridley Scott Nominated
Best Editing Thom Noble Nominated
Best Film Ridley Scott
Mimi Polk Gitlin Nominated
Best Original Film Score Hans Zimmer Nominated
Best Screenplay – Original Callie Khouri Nominated
Bodil Award Best Non-European Film Ridley Scott Won
Chicago Film Critics Association Best Actress Geena Davis Nominated
Susan Sarandon
Best Director Ridley Scott Nominated
Best Picture Nominated
Best Screenplay Callie Khouri Nominated
César Award Best Foreign Film Ridley Scott Nominated
David di Donatello Award Best Foreign Actress Geena Davis Won
Susan Sarandon
Best Foreign Film Ridley Scott Nominated
DGA Award Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Ridley Scott Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Callie Khouri Won
Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Geena Davis Nominated
Susan Sarandon
Silver Ribbon Best Female Dubbing Rossella Izzo
(voice of Louise) Won
Best Foreign Director Ridley Scott Nominated
Critics' Circle Film Awards Actress of the Year Susan Sarandon
(also for White Palace) Won
Director of the Year Ridley Scott Won
Film of the Year Won
MTV Movie Award Best Female Performance Geena Davis Nominated
Best On-Screen Duo Geena Davis
Susan Sarandon Nominated
NSFC Award Best Supporting Actor Harvey Keitel
(also for Bugsy and Mortal Thoughts) Won
Best Actress Susan Sarandon Nominated
Literary Award Screenplay Callie Khouri Won
Writers Guild of America Award Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen Won
The British Film Institute published a book[13] about the film in 2000, as part of a Modern Classics series. On the Writers Guild of America Award's 101 Best Screenplays List it made No. 72.[15] The film was ranked on the Australian program 20 to 1, in the episode Magnificent Movie Moments.
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 76
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains: Thelma Dickinson & Louise Sawyer – No. 24 Heroes
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – No. 78
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated
Soundtrack[edit]
Pete Haycock on slide guitar contributed to Thunderbird, the theme music for the film.[16] In addition to Glenn Frey's "Part of Me, Part of You", which became the film's primary theme song, the soundtrack included songs by Chris Whitley, Martha Reeves, Toni Childs, Marianne Faithfull, Charlie Sexton, Grayson Hugh, B.B. King, and Michael McDonald.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Thelma and Louise (1991)". Box Office Mojo. 1991-08-06. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
Jump up ^ "Movies filmed in the Moab area". Moab Area Travel Council. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Thelma & Louise Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
Jump up ^ "Thelma & Louise (1991)" The New York Times. May 24, 1991.
Jump up ^ Roger Ebert. "Thelma & Louise". Chicago Sun-Times.
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: Thelma & Louise". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Chasing Away the Demons, 20/20 Interview with Tori Amos". Healthy Place Inc. 1999-02-15. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
Jump up ^ "Is This What Feminism Is All About?" Time, June 24, 1991.
Jump up ^ "Callie Khouri Answers Critics Of 'Thelma And Louise'" Chicago Tribune. July 7, 1991.
Jump up ^ Rich, B. Ruby (February 18, 2003). "Two for the Road". The Advocate: 48–49.
Jump up ^ Dunne, Michael (2001). Intertextual Encounters in American Fiction, Film, and Popular Culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 89. ISBN 0-87972-848-5.
Jump up ^ Enevold, Jessica (2004). "The Daughters of Thelma and Louise". Gender, Genre & Identity in Women's Travel Writing. New York. pp. 73–95. ISBN 0-8204-4905-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Sturken, Marita (2000). Thelma and Louise. London: British Film Institute. p. 11. ISBN 0-85170-809-9.
Jump up ^ "'Thelma & Louise': The Last Great Film About Women" The Atlantic, August 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Writers Guild of America, West: 101 list
Jump up ^ Pierre Perrone (November 22, 2013). "Pete Haycock: Guitarist with the Climax Blues Band who went on to write film music for John Badham and Franc Roddam". The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Fournier, Gina. Thelma & Louise and Women in Hollywood. McFarland & Co., Inc. Publishers, 2007
Cook, Bernie, editor. Thelma & Louise Live! The Cultural Afterlife of an American Film, The University of Texas Press, 2007
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Thelma & Louise
Official website
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Thelma & Louise at AllMovie
Thelma & Louise at the TCM Movie Database
Thelma & Louise at Rotten Tomatoes
Thelma & Louise at Box Office Mojo
Thelma & Louise at The Numbers
Thelma and Louise – Original Trailer on YouTube
[show]
v
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Films directed by Ridley Scott
Feature films
The Duellists (1977)
Alien (1979)
Blade Runner (1982)
Legend (1985)
Someone to Watch Over Me (1987)
Black Rain (1989)
Thelma & Louise (1991)
1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992)
White Squall (1996)
G.I. Jane (1997)
Gladiator (2000)
Hannibal (2001)
Black Hawk Down (2001)
Matchstick Men (2003)
Kingdom of Heaven (2005)
A Good Year (2006)
American Gangster (2007)
Body of Lies (2008)
Robin Hood (2010)
Prometheus (2012)
The Counselor (2013)
Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014)
The Martian (2015)
Alien: Covenant (2017)
All the Money in the World (2017)
Other work
Boy and Bicycle (1965; short film)
1984 (1984; advertisement)
Unrealized projects
[show]
v
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e
London Film Critics' Circle Award for Film of the Year
Apocalypse Now (1980)
Chariots of Fire (1981)
Missing (1982)
The King of Comedy (1983)
Paris, Texas (1984)
The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985)
A Room with a View (1986)
Hope and Glory (1987)
House of Games (1988)
Distant Voices, Still Lives (1989)
Crimes and Misdemeanors (1990)
Thelma & Louise (1991)
Unforgiven (1992)
The Piano (1993)
Schindler's List (1994)
Babe (1995)
Fargo (1996)
L.A. Confidential (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
American Beauty (1999)
Being John Malkovich (2000)
Moulin Rouge! (2001)
About Schmidt (2002)
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
Sideways (2004)
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
United 93 (2006)
No Country for Old Men (2007)
The Wrestler (2008)
A Prophet (2009)
The Social Network (2010)
The Artist (2011)
Amour (2012)
12 Years a Slave (2013)
Boyhood (2014)
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La La Land (2016)
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SUDOC: 123287553
BNF: cb16169587v (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thelma_%26_Louise&oldid=808700438"
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Don't Come Around Here No More
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Don't Come Around Here No More"
Single by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
from the album Southern Accents
B-side
"Trailer"
Released
February 28, 1985
Format
7"
Recorded
1984
Genre
Pop rock, new wave, psychedelic rock
Length
5:07
Label
MCA
Songwriter(s)
Tom Petty, David A. Stewart
Producer(s)
Tom Petty, David A. Stewart, Jimmy Iovine
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers singles chronology
"Change of Heart"
(1983) "Don't Come Around Here No More"
(1985) "Rebels"
(1985)
"Change of Heart"
(1983) "Don't Come Around Here No More"
(1985) "Rebels"
(1985)
"Don't Come Around Here No More" is a song written by Tom Petty of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and David A. Stewart of Eurythmics. It was released in February 1985 as the lead single from the band's Southern Accents album.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and writing
2 Music video
3 Musicians
3.1 The Heartbreakers
3.2 Additional personnel
4 Chart performance
5 Cover versions
6 References
Background and writing[edit]
The original inspiration was a romantic encounter that producer David A. Stewart of Eurythmics had with Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac.[1] On The Howard Stern Show, Stewart explained that the title's phrase was actually uttered by Nicks. She had broken up with Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh the night before,[2] and invited Stewart to her place for a party after an early Eurythmics show in Los Angeles. Stewart did not know who she was at the time, but went anyway. When the partygoers all disappeared to a bathroom for a couple of hours to snort cocaine, he decided to go upstairs to bed. He woke up at 5am to find Nicks in his room trying on Victorian clothing and described the entire scenario as very much reminiscent of Alice in Wonderland. Later that morning, she told Walsh, "Don't come around here no more."
Music video[edit]
The music video is themed around Alice in Wonderland and was directed by Jeff Stein. Dave Stewart appears as the caterpillar at the beginning, sitting on a mushroom with a hookah water pipe while playing a sitar. Petty appears in the video dressed as The Mad Hatter, and actress Louise “Wish” Foley played Alice[3]. At the end of the video, Alice, who has been turned into a cake, is eaten by Petty and even friends of her own, and then a final shot of her being swallowed whole by Petty, after which he gives a small burp and pats his mouth dry.
Musicians[edit]
The Heartbreakers[edit]
Tom Petty – lead vocals, piano
Mike Campbell – guitar, bass synthesizer
Benmont Tench – string synthesizer
Stan Lynch – drums, percussion
Howie Epstein – bass guitar, vocals
Additional personnel[edit]
David A. Stewart – electric sitar, synthesizer, vocals
Dean Garcia – intro bass guitar
Daniel Rothmuller – cello
Marilyn Martin – backing vocals
Stephanie Sprull – backing vocals
Sharon Celani – backing vocals
Alan "Bugs" Weidel – wild dog piano
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[4] 61
Canadian Top 100 Singles (RPM)[5] 20
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[6] 42
UK Singles Chart 50
US Billboard Hot 100[7] 13
US Album Rock Tracks (Billboard) 2
Cover versions[edit]
Susanna of Susanna and the Magical Orchestra gives the song a low-key, piano-based cover on her 2008 album Flower of Evil. Indie band Vampire Weekend covers the song on a steady basis during live shows. British indie pop singer-songwriter Diana Vickers covered the song as a promotional track ahead of the release of her second album. The song was parodied by Bob Rivers.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Don't Come Around Here No More Songfacts
Jump up ^ Conversations With Tom Petty, 2005
Jump up ^ [1].
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ Top Singles - Volume 42, No. 11, May 25 1985. collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers – Don't Come Around Here No More". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tom Petty Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Don't Bum Around Here no More
[hide]
v
t
e
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
Tom Petty
Mike Campbell
Benmont Tench
Ron Blair
Scott Thurston
Steve Ferrone
Stan Lynch
Howie Epstein
Studio albums
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
You're Gonna Get It!
Damn the Torpedoes
Hard Promises
Long After Dark
Southern Accents
Let Me Up (I've Had Enough)
Into the Great Wide Open
Songs and Music from "She's the One"
Echo
The Last DJ
Mojo
Hypnotic Eye
Live albums
Official Live 'Leg
Pack Up the Plantation: Live!
The Live Anthology
Mojo Tour 2010
Compilations
Greatest Hits
Playback
Anthology: Through the Years
Videography
Pack Up the Plantation: Live!
Playback
Live at the Olympic: The Last DJ
Runnin' Down a Dream
Songs
"Breakdown"
"American Girl"
"Anything That's Rock 'n' Roll"
"I Need to Know"
"Listen to Her Heart"
"Don't Do Me Like That"
"Refugee"
"Here Comes My Girl"
"Even the Losers"
"The Waiting"
"A Woman in Love (It's Not Me)"
"You Got Lucky"
"Change of Heart"
"Don't Come Around Here No More"
"Rebels"
"Make It Better (Forget About Me)"
"Jammin' Me"
"Learning to Fly"
"Into the Great Wide Open"
"Mary Jane's Last Dance"
"Walls (Circus)"
"The Last DJ"
Related articles
Discography
Songs
Awards
Mudcrutch
Blue Stingrays
"Stop Draggin' My Heart Around"
Unchained
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Come_Around_Here_No_More&oldid=817242249"
Categories:
Tom Petty songs
1985 singles
Songs written by Tom Petty
Songs written by David A. Stewart
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Iovine
Songs based on actual events
MCA Records singles
1985 songs
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