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List of English words of Arabic origin
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The following English words have been acquired either directly from Arabic or else indirectly by passing from Arabic into other languages and then into English. Most entered one or more of the Romance languages before entering English.
To qualify for this list, a word must be reported in etymology dictionaries as having descended from Arabic. A handful of dictionaries have been used as the source for the list.[1] Words associated with the Islamic religion are omitted; for Islamic words, see Glossary of Islam. Archaic and rare words are also omitted. A bigger listing including words very rarely seen in English is at Wiktionary dictionary.
Given the number of words which have entered English from Arabic, this list is split alphabetically into sublists, as listed below:
List of English words of Arabic origin (A-B)
List of English words of Arabic origin (C-F)
List of English words of Arabic origin (G-J)
List of English words of Arabic origin (K-M)
List of English words of Arabic origin (N-S)
List of English words of Arabic origin (T-Z)
List of English words of Arabic origin: Addenda for certain specialist vocabularies
Contents
[hide]
1 Addenda for certain specialist vocabularies
1.1 Islamic terms
1.2 Arabic astronomical and astrological names
1.3 Arabic botanical names
1.4 Arabic textile words
1.5 Arabic cuisine words
1.6 Arabic music words
2 Footnotes
Addenda for certain specialist vocabularies[edit]
Islamic terms[edit]
Main article: Glossary of Islam
Arabic astronomical and astrological names[edit]
Main article: List of Arabic star names
Arabic botanical names[edit]
The following plant names entered medieval Latin texts from Arabic. Today, in descent from the medieval Latin, they are international systematic classification names (commonly known as "Latin" names): Azadirachta, Berberis, Cakile, Carthamus, Cuscuta, Doronicum, Galanga, Musa, Nuphar, Ribes, Senna, Taraxacum, Usnea, Physalis alkekengi, Melia azedarach, Centaurea behen, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, Cheiranthus cheiri, Piper cubeba, Phyllanthus emblica, Peganum harmala, Salsola kali, Prunus mahaleb, Datura metel, Daphne mezereum, Rheum ribes, Jasminum sambac, Cordia sebestena, Operculina turpethum, Curcuma zedoaria, Alpinia zerumbet + Zingiber zerumbet. (List incomplete.)[2]
Over ninety percent of those botanical names were introduced to medieval Latin in a herbal medicine context. They include names of medicinal plants from Tropical Asia for which there had been no prior Latin or Greek name, such as azedarach, bellerica, cubeba, emblica, galanga, metel, turpethum, zedoaria and zerumbet. Another sizeable portion are ultimately Iranian names of medicinal plants of Iran. The Arabic-to-Latin translation of Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine helped establish many Arabic plant names in later medieval Latin.[2] A book about medicating agents by Serapion the Younger containing hundreds of Arabic botanical names circulated in Latin among apothecaries in the 14th and 15th centuries.[3] Medieval Arabic botany was primarily concerned with the use of plants for medicines. In a modern etymology analysis of one medieval Arabic list of medicines, the names of the medicines —primarily plant names— were assessed to be 31% ancient Mesopotamian names, 23% Greek names, 18% Persian, 13% Indian (often via Persian), 5% uniquely Arabic, and 3% Egyptian, with the remaining 7% of unassessable origin.[4]
The Italian botanist Prospero Alpini stayed in Egypt for several years in the 1580s. He introduced to Latin botany from Arabic from Egypt the names Abrus, Abelmoschus, Lablab, Melochia, each of which designated plants that were unknown to Western European botanists before Alpini, plants native to tropical Asia that were grown with artificial irrigation in Egypt at the time.[5]
In the early 1760s Peter Forsskål systematically cataloged plants and fishes in the Red Sea area. For genera and species that did not already have Latin names, Forsskål used the common Arabic names as the scientific names. This became the international standard for most of what he cataloged. Forsskål's Latinized Arabic plant genus names include Aerva, Arnebia, Cadaba, Ceruana, Maerua, Maesa, Themeda, and others.[6]
Some additional miscellaneous botanical names with Arabic ancestry include Abutilon, Alchemilla, Alhagi, Argania, argel, Averrhoa, Avicennia, azarolus + acerola, bonduc, lebbeck, Retama, seyal.[7] (List incomplete).
Arabic textile words[edit]
The list above included the six textile fabric names cotton, damask, gauze, macramé, mohair, & muslin, and the three textile dye names anil, crimson/kermes, and safflower, and the garment names jumper and sash. The following are three lesser-used textile words that were not listed: camlet,[8] morocco leather,[9] and tabby. Those have established Arabic ancestry. The following are six textile fabric words whose ancestry is not established and not adequately in evidence, but Arabic ancestry is entertained by many reporters. Five of the six have Late Medieval start dates in the Western languages and the sixth started in the 16th century. Buckram, Chiffon, Fustian, Gabardine, Satin, and Wadding (padding). The fabric Taffeta has provenance in 14th-century French, Italian, Catalan, Spanish, and English, and today it is often guessed to come ultimately from a Persian word for woven (tāftah), and it might have Arabic intermediation. Fustic is a textile dye. The name is traceable to late medieval Spanish fustet dye, which is often guessed to be from an Arabic source.[10] Carthamin is another old textile dye. Its name was borrowed in the late medieval West from Arabic قرطم qartam | qirtim | qurtum = "the carthamin dye plant or its seeds".[11] The textile industry was the largest manufacturing industry in the Arabic-speaking lands in the medieval and early modern eras.
Arabic cuisine words[edit]
Part of the vocabulary of Middle Eastern cuisine is from Turkish, not Arabic. The following words are from Arabic, although some of them have entered Western European languages via Turkish. Baba ghanoush, Couscous, Falafel, Fattoush, Halva, Hummus, Kibbeh, Kebab, Lahmacun, Shawarma, Tabouleh, Tahini, Za'atar . Some cuisine words of lesser circulation are Ful medames, Kabsa, Kushari, Labneh, Mahleb, Mulukhiyah, Ma'amoul, Mansaf, Shanklish, Tepsi Baytinijan . For more see Arab cuisine. Middle Eastern cuisine words were rare before 1970 in English, being mostly confined to travellers' reports. Usage increased rapidly in the 1970s for certain words.
Arabic music words[edit]
Some words used in English in talking about Arabic music: Ataba, Baladi, Dabke, Darbouka, Khaleeji, Maqam, Mawal, Mizmar, Oud, Qanun, Raï, Raqs sharqi, Takht, Taqsim.
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ The dictionaries used to compile the list are these: Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales: Etymologies, Online Etymology Dictionary, Random House Dictionary, Concise Oxford English Dictionary, American Heritage Dictionary, Collins English Dictionary, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Arabismen im Deutschen: lexikalische Transferenzen vom Arabischen ins Deutsche, by Raja Tazi (year 1998), A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (a.k.a. "NED") (published in pieces between 1888 and 1928), An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English (year 1921) by Ernest Weekley. Footnotes for individual words have supplementary other references. The most frequently cited of the supplementary references is Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l'arabe (year 1869) by Reinhart Dozy.
^ Jump up to: a b References for the medieval Arabic sources and medieval Latin borrowings of those plant names are as follows. Ones marked "(F)" go to the French dictionary at Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, ones marked "(R)" go to Random House Dictionary, and other references are identified with terse labels: Berberis(R), انبرباريس anbarbārīs = Berberis(Ibn Sina), امبرباريس ambarbārīs = Berberis(Ibn Al-Baitar), الأمبرباريس al-ambarbārīs is also called البرباريس al-barbārīs(Fairuzabadi's dictionary), Galen uses name "Oxyacantha" for Berberis(John Gerarde), Arabic amiberberis = Latin Berberis(Matthaeus Silvaticus), Berberis is frequent in Constantinus Africanus (Constantinus Africanus was the introducer of plantname Berberis into medieval Latin), Berberis(Raja Tazi 1998), Barberry(Skeat 1888);; Cakile(Henri Lammens 1890), Cakile(Pierre Guigues 1905), Kakile Serapionis(John Gerarde 1597), Chakile(Serapion the Younger, medieval Latin);; for Carthamus see Carthamin;; Cuscute(F), Cuscuta (Etimología), spelled كشوث kushūth in Ibn al-Baitar;; Doronicum(F), Doronicum(R), spelled درونج dorūnaj in Ibn al-Baitar;; Garingal & Galanga(F), Galingale & Galanga(NED);; Musa(Devic), Musa(Alphita), موز mauz(Ibn al-Baitar), Muse #4 and Musa(NED);; Nuphar (nénuphar)(F), Nénuphar(Lammens);; Ribès(Pierre Guigues 1903 in preface to translation of Najm al-Din Mahmud (died 1330)), Ribes(Lammens 1890), the meaning of late medieval Latin ribes was Rheum ribes – e.g. e.g. – and the medieval Arabic ريباس rībās had the very same meaning – e.g. ;; Senna(F), Senna(R), Séné(Lammens), Sene in Alphita, السنى al-sanā and السني al-senī in Ibn al-Baitar;; Taraxacum(Skeat), Ataraxacon(Alphita), Taraxacum(R);; Usnea(F), Usnea(R), Usnee(Simon of Genoa), Usnée(Lammens);; alkekengi(F), alkekengi(R);; azedarach(F), azedarach(Garland Cannon), azadarach + azedarach(Matthaeus Silvaticus anno 1317), azedarach produced Azadirachta;; béhen(Devic, year 1876), Behemen = behen = behem says Matthaeus Silvaticus (year 1317); this name is بهمن behmen | bahman in Ibn al-Baitar and Ibn Sina;; bellerica(Yule), bellerica(Devic), beliligi = belirici = bellerici(Simon of Genoa), بليلج belīlej in Ibn al-Baitar;; chebula(Yule), kebulus = chebulae(Alphita), chébule(Devic);; cheiranthe(Devic), keiri(NED), خيري kheīrī(Ibn al-Awwam);; cubeba(F), cubeba(R);; emblic(Yule), emblic(Devic), emblic(Serapion the Younger);; harmala(Tazi), harmale(Devic), harmala(other), harmala(more details);; (Salsola) kali(F), kali = a marine littoral plant, an Arabic name(Simon of Genoa year 1292 in Latin, also in Matthaeus Silvaticus);; mahaleb(F), mahaleb(Ibn al-Awwam), mahaleb(Matthaeus Silvaticus year 1317);; mathil->metel(other), metel(Devic), nux methel(Serapion the Younger), جوز ماثل jūz māthil(Ibn Sina);; mezereum(R), mézéréon(Devic), mezereon(Alphita: see editor's footnote quoting Matthaeus Silvaticus and John Gerarde), spelled مازريون māzarīūn in Ibn Sina and Ibn al-Baitar;; sambac(Devic), zambacca(synonyms of Petrus de Abano, died c. 1316), sambacus(Simon of Genoa), زنبق = دهن الياسمين(zanbaq in Lisan al-Arab);; sebesten(other), sebesten(Devic), sebesten(Alphita) (sebesten in late medieval Latin referred to Cordia myxa, not Cordia sebestena, and the medieval Arabic سبستان sebestān was Cordia myxa);; turpeth(F), turpeth(R);; zedoaria(F), zedoaria(R);; zérumbet(F), zerumbet is from medieval Latin zurumbet | zurumbeth | zerumbet which is from Arabic زرنباد zurunbād | zarunbād. The great majority of the above plant names can be seen in Latin in the late-13th-century medical-botany dictionary Synonyma Medicinae by Simon of Genoa (online) and in the mid-15th-century Latin medical-botany dictionary called the Alphita (online); and the few that are not in either of those two dictionaries can be seen in Latin in the book on medicaments by Serapion the Younger circa 1300 (online). None of the names are found in Latin in early medieval or classical Latin botany or medicine books -- partially excepting a complication over the name harmala, and excepting galanga and zedoaria because they have Latin records beginning in the 9th or 10th centuries. In other words nearly all the names were introduced to Latin in the later-medieval period, specifically from the late 11th through late 13th centuries. Most early Latin users lived in Italy. All of the names, without exception, are in the Arabic-to-Latin medical translations of Constantinus Africanus (died c. 1087) and/or Gerardus Cremonensis (died c. 1187) and/or Serapion the Younger (dated later 13th century Latin). The Arabic predecessors of the great majority of the names can be seen in Arabic as entries in Part Two of The Canon of Medicine of Ibn Sina, dated about 1025 in Arabic, which became a widely circulated book in Latin medical circles in the 13th and 14th centuries: an Arabic copy is at DDC.AUB.edu.lb. All of the Arabic predecessor plant-names without exception, and usually with better descriptions of the plants (compared to Ibn Sina's descriptions), are in Ibn al-Baitar's Comprehensive Book of Simple Medicines and Foods, dated about 1245, which was not translated to Latin in the medieval era but was published in the 19th century in German, French, and Arabic – an Arabic copy is at Al-Mostafa.com and at AlWaraq.net.
Jump up ^ "Les Noms Arabes Dans Sérapion, Liber de Simplici Medicina", by Pierre Guigues, published in 1905 in Journal Asiatique, Series X, tome V, pages 473–546, continued in tome VI, pages 49–112.
Jump up ^ Analysis of herbal medicine plant-names by Martin Levey reported by him in "Chapter III: Botanonymy" in his 1973 book Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction.
Jump up ^ Each discussed in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen, by Helmut Genaust, year 1996. Another Arabic botanical name introduced by Prospero Alpini from Egypt was Sesban meaning Sesbania sesban from synonymous Arabic سيسبان saīsabān | saīsbān (Lammens 1890; Ibn al-Baitar). The Latin botantical Abrus is the parent of the chemical name Abrin; see abrine @ CNRTL.fr. The Arabic لبلاب lablāb means any kind of climbing and twisting plant. The Latin and English Lablab is a certain vigorously climbing and twisting bean plant. Prospero Alpini called the plant in Latin phaseolus niger lablab = "lablab black bean". Prospero Alpini published his De Plantis Aegypti in 1592. It was republished in 1640 with supplements by other botanists – De Plantis Aegypti, 1640. De Plantis Exoticis by Prospero Alpini (died 1617) was published in 1639 – ref.
Jump up ^ A list of 43 of Forsskål's Latinized Arabic fish names is at Baheyeldin.com/linguistics. Forsskål was a student of Arabic language as well as of taxonomy. His published journals contain the underlying Arabic names as well as his Latinizations of them (downloadable from links at the Wikipedia Peter Forsskål page).
Jump up ^ Most of those miscellaneous botanical names are discussed in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen, by Helmut Genaust, year 1996. About half of them are in Dictionnaire Étymologique Des Mots Français D'Origine Orientale, by L. Marcel Devic, year 1876. The following are supplemental notes. The names argel and seyal were introduced to scientific botany nomenclature from الحرجل harjel and سيال seyāl in the early 19th century by the botanist Delile, who had visited North Africa. Retama comes from an old Spanish name for broom bushes and the Spanish name is from medieval Arabic رتم ratam with the same meaning – ref, ref. Acerola is from tropical New World Spanish acerola = "acerola cherry" which is from medieval Spanish and Portuguese acerola | azerola | azarola = "azarole hawthorn" which is from medieval Arabic الزعرور al-zoʿrūr = "azarole hawthorn" – ref, ref. Alchimilla appears in 16th century Europe with the same core meaning as today's Alchemilla (e.g.). Reporters on Alchemilla agree it is from Arabic although they do not agree on how.
Jump up ^ In late medieval English, chamelet | chamlet was a costly fabric and was typically an import from the Near East – MED, NED. Today spelled "camlet", it is synonymous with French camelot which the French CNRTL.fr says is "from Arabic khamlāt, plural of khamla, meaning plush woollen cloth.... The stuff was made in the Orient and introduced to the Occident at the same time as the word." The historian Wilhelm Heyd (1886) says: "The [medieval] Arabic khamla meant cloth with a long nap, cloth with a lot of plush. This is the common character of all the camlets [of the late medieval Latins]. They could be made from diverse materials.... Some were made from fine goat hair." – Histoire du commerce du Levant au moyen-âge, Volume 2 pages 703-705, by W. Heyd, year 1886. The medieval Arabic word was also in the form khamīla. Definitions of خملة khamla | خميلة khamīla, and the plural khamlāt, taken from medieval Arabic dictionaries are in Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon page 813 and in the Lisan al-Arab under خمل khaml.
Jump up ^ The English word morocco, meaning a type of leather, is a refreshed spelling of early 16th-century English maroquin, from 15th-century French maroquin meaning a soft flexible leather of goat-skin made in the country of Morocco, or similar leather made anywhere, with maroquin literally meaning "Moroccan, from Morocco". Maroquin @ NED, morocco @ NED, maroquin @ CNRTL.fr, FEW XIX.
Jump up ^ Fustic in the late medieval centuries was a dye from the wood of a Mediterranean tree. After the discovery of America, a better, more durable dye from a tree wood was found, and given the same name. The late medieval fustic came from the Rhus cotinus tree. "Rhus cotinus wood was treated in warm [or boiling] water; a yellow infusion was obtained which on contact with air turned into brown; with acids it becomes greenish yellow and with alkalies orange; in combination with iron salts, especially with ferrous sulphate a greenish-black was produced." – The Art of Dyeing in the History of Mankind, by Franco Brunello, year 1973 page 382. The earliest record of the word as a dye in the Western languages is in 13th-century Spanish as "fustet", followed by 14th-century French as "fustet" and "fustel" – CNRTL.fr, DMF, Lexilogos. Medieval Spanish had alfóstigo = "pistachio", medieval Catalan festuc = "pistachio, which were from Arabic فستق (al-)fustuq = "pistachio". Medieval Arabic additionally had fustuqī as a color name, yellow-green like the pistachio nut (e.g.), (e.g.), (e.g.). Many dictionaries today report that the Spanish dye name somehow came from this medieval Arabic word. But the proponents of this idea do not cite evidence of fustuq carrying the dye meaning in Arabic. The use of the word as a dye in medieval Arabic is not recorded under the entry for fustuq in A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (1997) nor under the entries for fustuq in the medieval Arabic dictionaries – Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon, page 2395, Baheth.info. This suggests that the use of the word as a dye may have started in Spanish. From a phonetic angle the medieval Spanish and French fustet is a diminutive of the medieval Spanish and French fuste = "boards of wood, timber", which was from classical Latin fustis = "wooden stick" – DRAE, Lexilogos.com, Du Cange. From the semantic angle, since most names of natural dyes referred to both the plant that produces the dye and the dye itself, fustet meaning "little pieces of wood" can plausibly beget the dye name fustet. The semantic transformation from "pistachio" to "fustic dye" is poorly understood, assuming it happened. New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (year 1901) says "the name was transferred from the pistachio [tree] to the closely allied Rhus cotinus". But the two trees are not closely allied.
Jump up ^ "Carthamin" and "Carthamus" in New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (year 1893). Similarly summarized in CNRTL.fr (French) and Diccionario RAE (Spanish). For the word in medieval Arabic see قرطم @ Baheth.info (see also عصفر ʿusfur), قرطم @ Ibn al-Awwam and قرطم @ Ibn al-Baitar.
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Liverpool F.C. in European football
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Liverpool F.C. in European football
The European Champion Clubs' Cup trophy won by Liverpool for a fifth time in 2005
Club
Liverpool F.C.
First entry
1964–65 European Cup
Latest entry
2017–18 UEFA Champions League
Titles
Champions League
5[show]
1977
1978
1981
1984
2005
Europa League
3[show]
1973
1976
2001
Cup Winners' Cup
0
Super Cup
3[show]
1977
2001
2005
Liverpool Football Club, an English professional association football club, is Britain's most successful team in Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) competitions. Since 1964, they have won eleven European trophies: the UEFA Champions League (formerly known as the European Cup) five times, the UEFA Europa League (formerly known as the UEFA Cup) three times, and the UEFA Super Cup three times.
Qualification for European competitions is determined by a team's success in its domestic league and cup competitions from the previous season. Liverpool competed in European competitions for 21 consecutive seasons until the 1985 European Cup Final, the occasion of the Heysel Stadium disaster, following which the club was banned from European competitions for six seasons. Since being readmitted in 1991, they have qualified for the Champions League (the successor to the European Cup) nine times and the Europa League (the successor to the Uefa Cup) nine times.
As a result of their victory in the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, Liverpool won the European Champion Clubs' Cup trophy outright, and were awarded a multiple winner badge. Liverpool's total of three UEFA Cup wins has been bettered only by Sevilla, who have won the competition five times. They have also won the UEFA Super Cup on three occasions, a total only Milan and Barcelona (five titles each) have bettered.
Bob Paisley is the club's most successful manager in Europe, with five trophies. Liverpool's biggest-margin win in Europe is an 11–0 victory over Strømsgodset in the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup. In European competitions, Jamie Carragher holds the club record for the most appearances, with 150, and Steven Gerrard is the club's record goalscorer, with 41 goals.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 History
2.1 First steps in Europe – the Shankly years (1965–74)
2.2 European domination – the Paisley years (1974–83)
2.3 Triumph and tragedy – the Fagan years (1983–85)
2.4 Return to Europe (1991–2004)
2.5 Renewed European success – the Benítez years (2004–10)
2.6 Decline and Resurgence (2010–present)
3 Records
3.1 By season
3.2 By competition
3.3 By country
4 Honours
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
7 External links
Background[edit]
Further information on the origins of European football: European Cup and UEFA Champions League history
Club competitions between teams from different European countries can trace their origins as far back as 1897, when the Challenge Cup was created for clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who did not meet under normal circumstances. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, named after entrepreneur and sportsman Thomas Lipton, was established in 1909 and was contested between clubs from Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Switzerland; the competition lasted for two years.[1] The earliest attempt to create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe was made by Swiss club FC Servette. Founded in 1930, the Coupe des Nations featured clubs of ten major European football leagues and was deemed a success. Due to financial reasons, the competition was abandoned.[2]
The first continental competition organised by UEFA was the European Cup in 1955. Conceived by Gabriel Hanot, the editor of L'Équipe, as a competition for winners of the European national football leagues, it is considered the most prestigious European football competition.[3][4] When the European Cup was first played, Liverpool were in the Second Division, following relegation from the First Division after the 1953–54 season, and thus were ineligible for the competition.[5] During their time in the Second Division, two further competitions were created: the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Established in 1955, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was later re-branded as the UEFA Cup when it came under the auspices of UEFA in 1971.[6] Since the 2009–10 season, the competition has been known as the UEFA Europa League.[7] The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was inaugurated in 1960 for the winners of domestic cup competitions.[6]
In 1962 Liverpool were promoted to the First Division. Two years later, they won the Football League championship, thus making their European debut in the 1964–65 European Cup. In the following years, further European competitions were inaugurated. The first, the UEFA Super Cup, was originally a match played between the winners of the European Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup. First established in 1973, it changed formats in 2000; since then, it has been contested between the winners of the Champions League (formerly the European Cup) and the Europa League (formerly the UEFA Cup), following the Cup Winners' Cup amalgamation into the latter.[8] The Intercontinental Cup was a competition for the winners of the European Cup (later, the UEFA Champions League) and the South American equivalent, the Copa Libertadores. Established in 1960, the Intercontinental Cup was jointly organised by UEFA and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL). It ran until 2004, when the FIFA Club World Cup, which includes the winners of all six confederations' regional championships replaced it.[9]
History[edit]
First steps in Europe – the Shankly years (1965–74)[edit]
Statue of Bill Shankly outside Anfield. Shankly was the first Liverpool manager to win a European trophy.
Bill Shankly began managing Liverpool in 1959, and it was under him that the team first competed in European competition in 1964–65, qualifying for the European Cup by winning the First Division championship the previous season.[10] The club's first opponents were Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur of Iceland, who they played in the preliminary round. Liverpool won 11–1 on aggregate. The next round, against Belgian club Anderlecht, was the first time in Liverpool's history that they wore their now common all-red strip. The decision was made to change from red shirts, white shorts and socks by Shankly, who wanted his players to make more of a psychological impact on opponents.[11] They beat Anderlecht and progressed to the semi-finals, where they met Italian team Internazionale. Before the first leg at Anfield, Shankly asked two injured players to parade the FA Cup, which Liverpool had won the previous week, to intimidate the Italians.[12] The team won the match 3–1,[13] but Inter won the second leg 3–0, securing a 4–3 aggregate victory. The second leg was controversial; Shankly described it as "a war".[14] He felt that the referee, Jose Maria Ortiz de Mendibel, had shown bias towards Internazionale,[15] and the Liverpool players felt cheated by his decisions.[14] The club's 1964–65 FA Cup victory ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup the following season, and in that competition, they reached their first European final. Borussia Dortmund, Liverpool's opponents, employed counter-attacking tactics that had paid dividends in previous rounds and did so again, with the West Germans beating Liverpool 2–1 after extra time.[16]
Liverpool face Petrolul in the first round of the 1966–67 European Cup.
In the next four seasons, they competed in the European Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, but failed to progress past the third round in either competition.[17] A tie against Dutch team Ajax during the 1966–67 European Cup was to prove pivotal in the history of Liverpool in European competition.[18] Ajax beat Liverpool 7–3 on aggregate. However, the style of football that Ajax played – a patient passing game, inspired by Johann Cruyff – convinced Shankly that Liverpool had to replicate this style to be successful in Europe.[19] Liverpool reached the semi-finals of the 1970–71 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 1–0 on aggregate to Leeds United.[20] They competed in the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, despite losing the 1971 FA Cup Final, as the FA Cup winners, Arsenal, had also qualified for the European Cup by winning the league championship. Liverpool were eliminated in the second round by Bayern Munich of Germany, losing 3–1 on aggregate.[21]
The changes made to Liverpool's tactics came to fruition during the 1972–73 UEFA Cup. The club reached their second European final, where they faced Borussia Mönchengladbach of Germany. Liverpool won the first leg 3–0 as a result of two goals from Kevin Keegan and one from Larry Lloyd. Victory in this first leg meant Liverpool only needed to avoid losing by three or more goals in order to win the final. This influenced their tactics – The Times reported that Liverpool employed a "holding action" against the "attacking Germans".[22] The tactics worked, allowing Mönchengladbach only two goals, granting Liverpool a 3–2 aggregate victory.[23] Liverpool also won the First Division championship that season, and as a result qualified for the 1973–74 European Cup, where they were eliminated in the second round by Red Star Belgrade of Yugoslavia. At the end of that season, Shankly retired.[24]
European domination – the Paisley years (1974–83)[edit]
Shankly was succeeded by his assistant, Bob Paisley, in 1974.[25] Liverpool competed in the Cup Winners' Cup during Paisley's first season and defeated Strømsgodset of Norway 11–0 at Anfield. This remains the club's largest margin of victory in all matches.[26] They lost in the next round to Hungarian side Ferencváros on the away goals rule. In 1975–76 the club entered the UEFA Cup after a second-place finish in the First Division. Victories over Hibernian (Scotland), Real Sociedad (Spain), Śląsk Wrocław (Poland), Dynamo Dresden (East Germany) and Barcelona (Spain) took Liverpool to their third European final. Crucial to their progress was goalkeeper Ray Clemence, who made two important penalty saves against Hibernian and Dresden, saving Liverpool from elimination on the away goals rule on both occasions.[27] Their opponents in the final were Club Brugge of Belgium. Liverpool recovered from a two-goal deficit to win the first leg at Anfield 3–2, with Ray Kennedy, Jimmy Case, and Keegan scoring a goal each in a span of six minutes. A 1–1 draw at the Jan Breydel Stadion in Bruges meant Liverpool won 4–3 on aggregate, earning their second UEFA Cup.[28]
The Paisley Gateway is a tribute to former manager Bob Paisley, who won a record three European Cups—and three European trophies in successive seasons—as Liverpool manager.
As the 1975–76 league champions, the club entered the 1976–77 European Cup. They defeated Crusaders of Northern Ireland and Trabzonspor of Turkey to reach the quarter-finals, where they faced the runners-up from the previous season, Saint-Étienne. The French team won the first leg 1–0. The second leg at Anfield began well for Liverpool when Keegan scored in the first two minutes. Saint-Étienne equalised to make the score 2–1 on aggregate in their favour. Kennedy scored for Liverpool, but the away goals rule meant they still needed another goal to win the tie. With six minutes remaining, David Fairclough was brought on to replace John Toshack; he immediately scored in front of the Kop, ensuring a 3–2 aggregate victory for Liverpool.[29] In the semi-finals, they defeated FC Zürich of Switzerland 6–1 on aggregate to reach the final, where they met their opponents from the 1973 UEFA Cup Final, Borussia Mönchengladbach. The final was held in Rome, four days after the club had lost the 1977 FA Cup Final to Manchester United. Before the match, Paisley announced that striker Toshack would be fit to start. However, he was not named in the matchday squad. This change upset the Germans' game plan and allowed Keegan to torment his marker, Berti Vogts.[30] Liverpool won 3–1 to become European champions for the first time.[31]
By winning the European Cup, they qualified for the European Super Cup and played the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup, German team Hamburg, who had just signed Keegan.[32] Liverpool won the tie 7–1 on aggregate.[33] Liverpool entered the 1977–78 European Cup as champions and received a bye in the first round. They defeated Dynamo Dresden and Portuguese team Benfica in the second round and quarter-finals, respectively. In the semi-final, the club again met Borussia Mönchengladbach, who won the first leg 2–1. Liverpool won the second leg 3–0, progressing to a second successive European Cup final, this time against Club Brugge at Wembley Stadium in London. In the final Kenny Dalglish, who had been signed to replace Keegan, scored the winning goal after receiving the ball from a Graeme Souness pass. The 1–0 victory meant Liverpool became the first British team to retain the European Cup.[34] They faced Anderlecht in the 1978 European Super Cup, but failed to retain the trophy, losing 4–3 on aggregate against the Belgian side.[35] Liverpool were eliminated in the first round of the 1978–79 European Cup by English champions Nottingham Forest. Nottingham Forest won the tie 2–0 on aggregate, and went on to win the competition.[36] Liverpool entered the 1979–80 European Cup as English champions but were again eliminated in the first round, this time beaten 4–2 on aggregate by Dinamo Tbilisi of the Soviet Union.[37]
Liverpool participated in the 1980–81 European Cup as English league champions, defeating Finnish champions Oulun Palloseura, Scottish club Aberdeen and CSKA Sofia of Bulgaria to qualify for the semi-finals, where they faced three-time champions Bayern Munich. The first leg at Anfield finished goalless. In the second leg at the Olympiastadion in Munich, Ray Kennedy scored in the 83rd minute and, although the German side equalised, Liverpool went through to the final on the away goals rule.[38] They faced Spanish side Real Madrid in the final, held at the Parc des Princes in Paris. Alan Kennedy scored the only goal to give Liverpool a 1–0 victory, which secured the club's—and Paisley's—third European Cup. As champions of Europe, Liverpool competed in the Intercontinental Cup against South American champions Flamengo of Brazil. Liverpool lost the match 3–0.[39] The club's defence of the European Cup in 1981–82 was ended by CSKA Sofia in the quarter-finals.[40] Another quarter-final exit occurred in the 1982–83 European Cup when Polish club Widzew Łódź eliminated Liverpool 4–3 on aggregate.[41] Paisley retired as manager at the end of the season and was succeeded by his assistant, Joe Fagan.[42]
Triumph and tragedy – the Fagan years (1983–85)[edit]
Replicas of the four European Cups Liverpool won from 1977 to 1984 on display in the club's museum
Liverpool entered the 1983–84 European Cup as league champions for the fourth time in five seasons. Victories over Odense of Denmark and Spanish champions Athletic Bilbao brought Liverpool to face Portuguese champions Benfica in the quarter-finals.[43] Liverpool won the first leg at Anfield 1–0. In the second leg, their tactic of withdrawing Dalglish into midfield put Benfica's game plan into disarray,[44] leading to a 4–1 match victory and a 5–1 aggregate victory. Their opponents in the semi-finals were Dinamo București of Romania. The tie proved a brutal encounter, characterised by Souness breaking the jaw of the Bucharest captain Lică Movilă, and was won 3–1 on aggregate by Liverpool.[44]
Fagan's first season in charge of Liverpool had been a successful one. When they reached their fourth European Cup final, they had already won the Football League Cup and the league championship;[45] victory in the European final against Italian side Roma would complete an unprecedented treble. The final was played at Rome's Stadio Olimpico, and Liverpool went ahead in the 13th minute when Phil Neal scored, though Roma equalised towards the end of the first half. The score remained the same throughout full and extra time; Liverpool won the subsequent penalty shoot-out, with Alan Kennedy scoring the winning penalty after goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar had put off Francesco Graziani, causing him to place his penalty over the crossbar.[46] After the game, gangs of Roma fans assaulted Liverpool supporters travelling back to their hotels.[47] Success in the European Cup entitled Liverpool to compete in the 1984 Intercontinental Cup. However, they were unable to beat the winners of the Copa Libertadores, Independiente of Argentina, who claimed a 1–0 victory.[48]
Liverpool entered the 1984–85 European Cup as champions, and once again progressed to the final, where their opponents were Juventus of Italy. They aimed to win their fifth European Cup and keep the trophy. The 1985 European Cup Final was held at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. The choice of venue had been criticised due to the dilapidated state of the stadium, and the club tried to persuade UEFA to change the venue.[49] Before the kick-off, Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 people and injuring hundreds more.[50] Despite calls for an abandonment, the match was played, as it was felt that further trouble would be caused otherwise.[51]
Juventus won the match 1–0; Michel Platini scored from the penalty spot to give Juventus their first European Cup.[52] UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the Liverpool fans: the official UEFA observer stated, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that there is no doubt".[53] Three days after the final, UEFA banned all English clubs from European competition for an indefinite period. Liverpool were initially given an additional three-year ban.[52] Fagan retired after the 1984–85 season and was succeeded by Dalglish, who took over as player-manager.[54]
The ban on English clubs in European competitions ultimately lasted for five years, and even when the ban was lifted in 1990, Liverpool were not re-admitted; they had to serve an extra year. The ban prevented them qualifying for the European Cup in 1986 (as league champions and FA Cup winners), the UEFA Cup in 1987 (as league runners-up), the European Cup in 1988 (as league champions), the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1989 (as FA Cup winners) and the European Cup in 1990 (as league champions).[55]
Return to Europe (1991–2004)[edit]
Liverpool were allowed to return to European competition in the 1991–92 season, a year later than other English clubs. They qualified for the UEFA Cup as runners-up in the English league. Their manager by this stage was Graeme Souness, who had taken over towards the end of the previous season following Dalglish's resignation.[56]
Their first match, in the UEFA Cup, was against Finnish side Kuusyi Lahti, which they won 6–1.[57] A 6–2 aggregate victory set up a tie against Auxerre of France in the second round who they beat 3–2 on aggregate.[58] The club defeated Swarovski Tirol of Austria in the third round 6–0 on aggregate before losing to Genoa (Italy) 4–1 over two legs in the quarter finals.[59]
Liverpool's victory over Sunderland in the 1992 FA Cup Final qualified them for the 1992–93 European Cup Winners' Cup, but this campaign was short-lived, as they were eliminated in the second round by Russian side Spartak Moscow.[60] Liverpool finished no higher than sixth in the Premier League during the next two seasons, thus failing to qualify for European competition. In the 1995–96 season, they entered the UEFA Cup, but again progressed no further than the second round, this time losing to Brøndby of Denmark.[61]
Paris SG halted Liverpool's progress at the semi-final stage of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
As runners-up to League champions Manchester United in the 1996 FA Cup Final, Liverpool were able to compete in the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. This proved the club's most successful campaign since their return to European competition, as they reached the semi-finals, where they were eliminated 3–2 on aggregate by Paris Saint–Germain.[62] In the next two seasons, Liverpool played in the UEFA Cup but were eliminated at an early stage of the competition, by Strasbourg and Celta de Vigo, respectively.[63][64] A seventh-place finish in the 1998–99 FA Premier League meant the club did not qualify for Europe in 1999–2000.[65]
Having finished fourth in the 1999–2000 FA Premier League, Liverpool qualified for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup. Their victory in this competition marked a third win for a club. The entire season was the club's most successful since the 1983–84 season, as they won a cup treble consisting of the UEFA Cup, the FA Cup and the League Cup. Their opponents in the final in Dortmund were Alavés of Spain. The match was tied at 4–4 in extra time when Alavés defender Delfí Geli scored an own goal to give Liverpool victory on the golden goal rule.[66] The performance of Gary McAllister, whose free-kick resulted in the winning goal, was praised as "outstanding" by Trevor Brooking.[67] This was the club's first European trophy since their European Cup victory in 1984.[68] As UEFA Cup winners, Liverpool played in the 2001 UEFA Super Cup against Champions League winners Bayern Munich and won 3–2.[69]
In the 2001–02 season, Liverpool returned to the European Cup, now called the UEFA Champions League, for the first time since the Heysel disaster. A 2–0 victory over Roma in the second group stage meant they progressed to the quarter-finals.[70] They faced German club Bayer Leverkusen and won the first leg 1–0. The outlook for the second leg appeared to be to Liverpool's advantage, as their counter-attacking style of play had served them well during away matches throughout the season;[71] however, they lost the second leg 4–2 and were eliminated 4–3 on aggregate.[72]
A second-place finish in the 2001–02 FA Premier League entitled Liverpool to participate in the Champions League for a second successive season, but they only finished third in their group and were eliminated from the competition.[73] The third-place finish meant they entered the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Liverpool beat Dutch team Vitesse Arnhem and Auxerre to set up an all-British tie with Scottish team Celtic. A 1–1 draw in the first leg meant Liverpool would progress to the semi-finals if they did not concede a goal in the second leg at Anfield. However, Celtic scored before half-time and again in the second half to win 3–1 on aggregate.[74]
Liverpool entered the UEFA Cup for the 2003–04 season, after Chelsea beat them on the final day of the previous league season to claim the fourth place needed to qualify for the Champions League.[75] Liverpool were eliminated in the fourth round by eventual runners-up Marseille of France. At the end of the season, manager Gérard Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez.[76]
Renewed European success – the Benítez years (2004–10)[edit]
Fans in the Kop hold a mosaic during the match with Juventus, 6 April 2005. Amicizia means "friendship" in Italian.
Liverpool had finished fourth in the 2003–04 season, which qualified them to compete in the Champions League in the 2004–05 season. A poor start in the group stages, with two losses in their first five games, had the club facing elimination. A 3–1 victory over Greek side Olympiacos, however, eventually ensured their passage to the knock-out rounds. Liverpool beat Bayer Leverkusen and Juventus to reach the semi-finals, and progressed to the final after they beat Chelsea 1–0 on aggregate; the goal scored by Luis García was referred to as a "ghost goal" by Chelsea manager José Mourinho, as it was unclear whether the ball crossed the goal line.[77] Liverpool's performances in Europe contrasted strongly with their league form, where they struggled to finish in the top-four and thus ensure qualification for the next Champions League season.[78]
Liverpool faced six-time European champions Milan in the final at the Atatürk Stadium in Istanbul on 25 May 2005. Trailing 3–0 at half-time, they scored three goals in a six-minute spell in the second half to level the score at 3–3. There were no goals during extra time, so the match was decided by a penalty shoot-out. With the shoot-out score at 3–2, Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek saved Andriy Shevchenko's penalty to give Liverpool victory.[79] The nature of Liverpool's comeback victory has led to the match being referred to as the "miracle of Istanbul."[80] As this was the club's fifth European Cup victory, Liverpool were allowed to keep the European Champion Clubs' Cup permanently, and a new trophy was commissioned for the following year's competition.[81] The victory also entitled Liverpool to compete in the 2005 UEFA Super Cup at Stade Louis II, Monaco in August. They defeated UEFA Cup winners CSKA Moscow of Russia 3–1(aet.) to win their third Super Cup.[82] Their success in the Champions League meant Liverpool also qualified for the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship, where they lost 1–0 in the final to Brazilian team São Paulo.[83]
A fifth-place finish in the Premier League in 2004–05 meant Liverpool were not guaranteed entry into the Champions League, and faced the prospect of not being able to defend their European title. UEFA eventually ruled that they would be allowed to do so, but would be required to start in the first qualifying round, with no country protection, meaning they could face a team from England in the group stages.[84] This turned out to be the case—Liverpool advanced through three qualifying rounds and were drawn with Chelsea in the group stages. They progressed from their group as winners but were beaten by Benfica in the first knock-out round.[85]
In the 2006–07 Champions League, Liverpool progressed from the group stages and beat holders Barcelona, PSV and Chelsea to face Milan in a rematch of the 2005 final.[86] The Liverpool team, which contained only five players from the 2005 final, enjoyed more possession than in 2005,[87] but two goals from Filippo Inzaghi gave Milan their seventh European Cup in a 2–1 win.[88]
Liverpool lining up at Arsenal in the quarter-finals of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League
Liverpool were eliminated from the 2007–08 Champions League in the semi-finals by Chelsea, who they had beaten in the semi-finals in 2005 and 2007. A fourth-place finish in the 2007–08 Premier League secured their entry into the 2008–09 Champions League. Liverpool reached the quarter-finals and again faced Chelsea, but lost 7–5 on aggregate.[89]
A second-place finish in the 2008–09 Premier League entitled Liverpool to compete in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, but their campaign was short-lived; they finished third in their group, and were eliminated from the competition. They entered the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, progressing to the semi-finals, where they were eliminated by eventual winners Atlético Madrid of Spain on the away goals rule after the tie finished 2–2 on aggregate.[90]
Decline and Resurgence (2010–present)[edit]
Jürgen Klopp managing Liverpool in a 2015–16 UEFA Europa League match against FC Augsburg.
Rafael Benítez left the club at the end of the 2009–10 season and was replaced by Roy Hodgson.[91] A seventh-place finish in the 2009–10 Premier League meant Liverpool would be competing in the 2010–11 Europa League. They beat Rabotnički of Macedonia and Trabzonspor of Turkey to progress to the group stage, where Liverpool were drawn alongside Napoli, FC Utrecht and Steaua București. They won two games and drew four to finish top of their group with ten points and progress to the round of 32.[92] They were drawn against Sparta Prague in the next round. Before the tie was played, however, Hodgson was replaced by former manager Kenny Dalglish, who initially served as a caretaker manager.[93] A 1–0 aggregate victory ensured progression to the round of 16, in which Liverpool lost 1–0 on aggregate to eventual runners-up Braga.[94] A sixth-place finish in the 2010–11 Premier League meant the club failed to qualify for European competition for the first time since 1999.[95] On the following season, victory in the League Cup final ensured Liverpool a place in the 2012–13 Europa League.[96]
Liverpool qualified for the knockout phase of the 2012–13 Europa League after winning their group at the group stage, but were eliminated from the competition at the round of 32 by Zenit Saint Petersburg on the away goals rule after a 0–2 loss away and a 3–1 win at home.[97] A seventh-place finish in the 2012–13 Premier League and a failure to secure qualification via domestic cups meant Liverpool failed to qualify for any European competition in the 2013–14 season. A second-placed finish in the 2013–14 Premier League, ensured Liverpool qualified for the group stage of the 2014–15 Champions League.[98] One win out of six in the group stage meant they were eliminated and entered into the knockout phase of the 2014–15 Europa League.[99] The campaign was short-lived, as Liverpool eliminated by Beşiktaş in the round of 32.[100]
Finishing sixth in the 2014–15 Premier League qualified Liverpool directly to the group stage of the 2015–16 Europa League, where they faced Sion, Bordeaux and for the first time, Russian side Rubin Kazan.[101] During the group stage, manager Brendan Rodgers was replaced by Jürgen Klopp.[102] After winning the group, Liverpool qualified for the knockout phase, beating FC Augsburg in the round of 32 before facing bitter rivals Manchester United in the round of 16, the two clubs' first meeting in Europe.[103][104] Liverpool defeated them 3–1 on aggregate and victory led to a quarter-final tie with Klopp's former team Borussia Dortmund.[105][106] After a 1–1 draw in the first leg at Signal Iduna Park, Dortmund went 3–1 up in the return leg at Anfield with 33 minutes remaining, requiring Liverpool to score three goals due to the Away goals rule. Goals from Philippe Coutinho, Mamadou Sakho and a last minute winner from Dejan Lovren, however, saw Liverpool complete the comeback and qualify for their first European semi-final since 2010.[107] There they faced Villarreal, completing a second comeback after overturning a 1–0 defeat in the first leg at El Madrigal to qualify for the final with a 3–1 aggregate win.[108][109] Liverpool played Sevilla in the final at St. Jakob-Park, Basel, on 18 May, losing 3–1. A 4th-place finish in the 2016–17 Premier League qualified Liverpool for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League and a return to Europe's premier club tournament for only the second time in 8 years during the 2010s. On 17 October 2017, Liverpool won 7-0 away to Maribor in the third round of matches of the group stage of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. The win was a record away win for Liverpool in European competitions and also the biggest away win by an English team in the history of the European Cup.[110][111]
Records[edit]
Main article: List of Liverpool F.C. statistics and records
Jamie Carragher's 150 European appearances–including the pictured 2006 clash with Benfica–is a club record.
Most appearances in European competition: Jamie Carragher, 150[112]
Most goals in European competition: Steven Gerrard, 41[113]
First European match: Liverpool 6–0 Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, European Cup, first round, 17 August 1964[114]
First goal scored in Europe: Gordon Wallace, against KR Reykjavik[115]
Biggest win: Liverpool 11–0 Strømsgodset, in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 17 September 1974[114]
Biggest defeat: Liverpool 1–5 Ajax, in the European Cup, 7 December 1966[116]
Highest European home attendance: 55,104, against Barcelona in the 1975–76 UEFA Cup, 14 April 1976[117][118]
Lowest European home attendance: 12,021 against Dundalk in the 1982–83 European Cup[117]
By season[edit]
Key
P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
GD = Goal difference
Grp = Group stage
R1 = First round
R2 = Second round
R3 = Third round
R4 = Fourth round
R16 = Round of 16
R32 = Round of 32
QF = Quarter-final
SF = Semi-final
Key to colours:
Gold Winners
Silver Runners-up
Liverpool F.C. record in European football by season[119][120][121]
Season
Competition
P
W
D
L
F
A
Round
1964–65
European Cup 9 5 3 1 18 5 R6 !SF
1965–66
European Cup Winners' Cup 9 5 1 3 12 6 Runners-up
1966–67
European Cup 4 1 1 2 6 8 R2
1967–68
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 6 3 0 3 13 5 R3
1968–69
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1 3 0 1 3 3 R1
1969–70
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 4 3 0 1 17 3 R2
1970–71
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 10 5 4 1 13 4 R6 !SF
1971–72
European Cup Winners' Cup 4 1 1 2 4 5 R2
1972–73
UEFA Cup 12 8 2 2 17 6 Winners
1973–74
European Cup 4 1 1 2 5 5 R2
1974–75
European Cup Winners' Cup 4 2 2 0 12 1 R2
1975–76
UEFA Cup 12 8 3 1 25 8 Winners
1976–77
European Cup 9 7 0 2 22 5 Winners
1977
European Super Cup 2 1 1 0 7 1 Winners
1977–78
European Cup 7 5 0 2 17 7 Winners
1978
European Super Cup 2 1 0 1 3 4 Runners-up
1978–79
European Cup 2 0 1 1 0 2 R1
1979–80
European Cup 2 1 0 1 2 4 R1
1980–81
European Cup 9 6 3 0 24 4 Winners
1981
Intercontinental Cup 1 0 0 1 0 3 Runners-up
1981–82
European Cup 6 4 1 1 14 6 R5 !QF
1982–83
European Cup 6 4 0 2 13 6 R5 !QF
1983–84
European Cup 9 7 2 0 16 3 Winners
1984
European Super Cup 1 0 0 1 0 2 Runners-up
1984
Intercontinental Cup 1 0 0 1 0 1 Runners-up
1984–85
European Cup 9 6 1 2 18 5 Runners-up
1991–92
UEFA Cup 8 4 0 4 16 8 R5 !QF
1992–93
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 4 2 0 2 10 8 R2
1995–96
UEFA Cup 4 1 2 1 2 2 R2
1996–97
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 8 6 1 1 18 9 R6 !SF
1997–98
UEFA Cup 4 1 2 1 4 5 R2
1998–99
UEFA Cup 6 2 2 2 11 5 R3
2000–01
UEFA Cup 13 8 4 1 19 9 Winners
2001
UEFA Super Cup 1 1 0 0 3 2 Winners
2001–02
UEFA Champions League 14 5 7 2 14 11 R5 !QF
2002–03
UEFA Champions League 6 2 2 2 12 8 Grp
2002–03
UEFA Cup 6 4 1 1 6 3 R5 !QF
2003–04
UEFA Cup 8 4 3 1 14 7 R4
2004–05
UEFA Champions League 15 8 3 4 14 11 Winners
2005
UEFA Super Cup 1 1 0 0 3 1 Winners
2005
FIFA Club World Cup 2 1 0 1 3 1 Runners-up
2005–06
UEFA Champions League 14 8 3 3 20 7 R16
2006–07
UEFA Champions League 15 8 4 3 23 12 Runners-up
2007–08
UEFA Champions League 14 8 3 3 34 11 R6 !SF
2008–09
UEFA Champions League 12 7 4 1 22 12 R5 !QF
2009–10
UEFA Champions League 6 2 1 3 5 7 Grp
2009–10
UEFA Europa League 8 5 0 3 14 8 R6 !SF
2010–11
UEFA Europa League 14 7 6 1 16 5 R16
2012–13
UEFA Europa League 12 7 2 3 20 13 R32
2014–15
UEFA Champions League 6 1 2 3 5 9 Grp
2014–15
UEFA Europa League 2 1 0 1 1 1 R32
2015–16
UEFA Europa League 15 6 7 2 19 13 Runners-up
2017–18
UEFA Champions League 9 6 3 0 34 9
By competition[edit]
Liverpool F.C. record in European football by competition[122]
Competition
P
W
D
L
F
A
European Cup/UEFA Champions League
190 106 44 40 356 162
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
29 16 5 8 57 29
UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
124 66 34 24 186 94
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
22 12 4 6 46 15
UEFA Super Cup
7 4 1 2 16 10
Intercontinental Cup
2 0 0 2 0 4
FIFA Club World Cup
2 1 0 1 3 1
Total
376 205 88 83 664 315
By country[edit]
Liverpool F.C. record in Continental football by country[123]
Country[a]
Pld
W
D
L
F
A
GD
Win%
Argentina
7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7000100000000000000♠1 −1 005000000000000000000♠0.00
Austria
7000600000000000000♠6 7000400000000000000♠4 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 7001130000000000000♠13 7000300000000000000♠3 +10 07001666700000000000♠66.67
Belarus
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0 +4 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Belgium
7001130000000000000♠13 7001100000000000000♠10 7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 7001220000000000000♠22 7000900000000000000♠9 +13 07001769200000000000♠76.92
Brazil
7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 7000400000000000000♠4 −4 005000000000000000000♠0.00
Bulgaria
7001100000000000000♠10 7000700000000000000♠7 7000100000000000000♠1 7000200000000000000♠2 7001200000000000000♠20 7001100000000000000♠10 +10 07001700000000000000♠70.00
Costa Rica
7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000300000000000000♠3 5000000000000000000♠0 +3 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Cyprus
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000800000000000000♠8 7000200000000000000♠2 +6 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Czech Republic
7000400000000000000♠4 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7000500000000000000♠5 7000200000000000000♠2 +3 07001750000000000000♠75.00
Denmark
7000400000000000000♠4 7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 7000600000000000000♠6 7000100000000000000♠1 +5 07001500000000000000♠50.00
England
7001200000000000000♠20 7000500000000000000♠5 7000900000000000000♠9 7000600000000000000♠6 7001200000000000000♠20 7001200000000000000♠20 +0 07001250000000000000♠25.00
Finland
7001120000000000000♠12 7000900000000000000♠9 7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 7001430000000000000♠43 7000700000000000000♠7 +36 07001750000000000000♠75.00
France
7001260000000000000♠26 7001150000000000000♠15 7000200000000000000♠2 7000900000000000000♠9 7001380000000000000♠38 7001200000000000000♠20 +18 07001576900000000000♠57.69
Germany
7001420000000000000♠42 7001210000000000000♠21 7001140000000000000♠14 7000700000000000000♠7 7001760000000000000♠76 7001370000000000000♠37 +39 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Georgia
7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7000100000000000000♠1 7000200000000000000♠2 7000400000000000000♠4 −2 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Greece
7000800000000000000♠8 7000600000000000000♠6 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 7001180000000000000♠18 7000500000000000000♠5 +13 07001750000000000000♠75.00
Hungary
7001100000000000000♠10 7000400000000000000♠4 7000400000000000000♠4 7000200000000000000♠2 7000700000000000000♠7 7000400000000000000♠4 +3 07001400000000000000♠40.00
Iceland
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7001110000000000000♠11 7000100000000000000♠1 +10 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Ireland
7000400000000000000♠4 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7001190000000000000♠19 7000100000000000000♠1 +18 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Israel
7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7000300000000000000♠3 7000200000000000000♠2 +1 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Italy
7001250000000000000♠25 7000900000000000000♠9 7000700000000000000♠7 7000900000000000000♠9 7001270000000000000♠27 7001280000000000000♠28 −1 07001360000000000000♠36.00
Lithuania
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000500000000000000♠5 7000100000000000000♠1 +4 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Luxembourg
7000200000000000000♠2 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 +2 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Macedonia
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0 +4 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Netherlands
7001140000000000000♠14 7000800000000000000♠8 7000500000000000000♠5 7000100000000000000♠1 7001220000000000000♠22 7001120000000000000♠12 +10 07001571400000000000♠57.14
Northern Ireland
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000700000000000000♠7 5000000000000000000♠0 +7 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Norway
7000400000000000000♠4 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7001160000000000000♠16 7000100000000000000♠1 +15 07001750000000000000♠75.00
Poland
7000600000000000000♠6 7000500000000000000♠5 5000000000000000000♠0 7000100000000000000♠1 7001130000000000000♠13 7000500000000000000♠5 +8 07001833300000000000♠83.33
Portugal
7001210000000000000♠21 7001100000000000000♠10 7000500000000000000♠5 7000600000000000000♠6 7001360000000000000♠36 7001190000000000000♠19 +17 07001476200000000000♠47.62
Romania
7001150000000000000♠15 7001100000000000000♠10 7000400000000000000♠4 7000100000000000000♠1 7001240000000000000♠24 7000900000000000000♠9 +15 07001666700000000000♠66.67
Russia
7001130000000000000♠13 7000700000000000000♠7 7000200000000000000♠2 7000400000000000000♠4 7001270000000000000♠27 7001140000000000000♠14 +13 07001538500000000000♠53.85
Scotland
7001140000000000000♠14 7000700000000000000♠7 7000400000000000000♠4 7000300000000000000♠3 7001180000000000000♠18 7000900000000000000♠9 +9 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Serbia
7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 7000400000000000000♠4 −2 005000000000000000000♠0.00
Slovakia
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000800000000000000♠8 5000000000000000000♠0 +8 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Slovenia
7000400000000000000♠4 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0 7001140000000000000♠14 7000100000000000000♠1 +13 07001750000000000000♠75.00
Spain
7001390000000000000♠39 7001150000000000000♠15 7001120000000000000♠12 7001120000000000000♠12 7001490000000000000♠49 7001410000000000000♠41 +8 07001384600000000000♠38.46
Sweden
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000400000000000000♠4 7000100000000000000♠1 +3 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Switzerland
7001130000000000000♠13 7000600000000000000♠6 7000500000000000000♠5 7000200000000000000♠2 7001290000000000000♠29 7001180000000000000♠18 +11 07001461500000000000♠46.15
Turkey
7001120000000000000♠12 7000600000000000000♠6 7000200000000000000♠2 7000400000000000000♠4 7001220000000000000♠22 7001110000000000000♠11 +11 07001500000000000000♠50.00
Ukraine
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000300000000000000♠3 7000100000000000000♠1 +2 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Wales
7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0 5000000000000000000♠0 7000600000000000000♠6 5000000000000000000♠0 +6 7002100000000000000♠100.00
Honours[edit]
Liverpool F.C. honours in European competition
Honour
No.
Years
European Cup/UEFA Champions League
5 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005
UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
3 1973, 1976, 2001
UEFA Super Cup
3 1977, 2001, 2005
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The table excludes former nations such as East Germany and the Soviet Union.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wearmouth, Rachel (1 September 2008). "BBC films story of World Cup winners". The Northern Echo. Darlington. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Nemzeti Sport, 9 July 1930, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Moore 2000, p. 217.
Jump up ^ "Football's premier club competition". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 25 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, pp. 50–51.
^ Jump up to: a b Moore 2000, p. 220.
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Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 67.
Jump up ^ "Reds sport all-red kit for first time". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 18.
Jump up ^ Lacey, David (5 May 1965). "From the archive: Liverpool 3–1 Internazionale". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Hodgson, Guy (3 March 1999). "Football: History not on United's side – European Cup quarter-final: Italian clubs have usually had the upper hand on some pulsating nights of action". The Independent. London. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 20.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 67.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, pp. 52–57.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 78.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 48.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 95.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, pp. 62–63.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool Survive Test Of Character". The Times. London. 24 May 1973. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 44.
Jump up ^ "Matches". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 180.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 118.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 103.
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Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, pp. 163–164.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 53.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 164.
^ Jump up to: a b Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 166.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 169.
Jump up ^ Keith, John (5 April 2005). "Heysel remembered: the horror of a tragedy waiting to happen". The Independent. London. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
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Jump up ^ "Fagan steps down after Heysel tragedy". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 55.
Jump up ^ Coslett, Paul (1 April 2008). "Heysel Disaster". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 189.
Jump up ^ Hanley, James (2 April 2005). "English fans were responsible. No doubt". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool legend Fagan dies". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2 July 2001. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
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Jump up ^ Murray, Scott (8 October 2008). "On Second Thoughts: Graeme Souness". The guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Brierley, Stephen (19 September 1991). "Saunders spells end for Finnish". The Guardian. London. p. 16.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 204.
Jump up ^ Hale & Ponting 1992, p. 206.
Jump up ^ Ross, James M. (13 November 2006). "Cup Winners' Cup 1992–93". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Stokkermans, Karel (15 January 2010). "UEFA Cup 1995–96". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "1996/97: Ronaldo spot on for Barça". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 14 May 1997. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Brave words, brave hearts and insufficient rewards". Liverpool Echo. Liverpool. 5 November 1997. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool suffer Spanish inquisition". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 November 1998. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Jump up ^ RSSSF (20 December 1999). "England 1998/99". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 5 Alaves 4". UEFA.com. 16 May 2001. Archived from the original on 7 August 2001. Retrieved 5 August 2015. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
Jump up ^ Brooking, Trevor (17 May 2001). "McAllister the man". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dortmund delight as Reds win thriller". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "2001: Owen keeps Reds rolling". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 1 September 2001. Archived from the original on 31 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool reach last eight". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 March 2002. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool gain upper hand". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 April 2002. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool suffer Euro woe". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 April 2002. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarra, Kevin (13 November 2002). "Liverpool revival comes too late". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Celtic brush aside Liverpool". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 March 2003. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Brodkin, Jon (12 May 2003). "Ranieri's men finally show their mettle". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool appoint Benitez". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "The world according to Mourinho". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 31 October 2005. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarra, Kevin (14 April 2005). "Liverpool set up Chelsea clash". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "AC Milan 3–3 Liverpool (aet)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 25 May 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Paul; Oliver, Brian; Mochlinski, Kaz (29 May 2005). "The miracle of Istanbul". The Observer. London. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "Regulations for the UEFA Champions League 2006–07" (PDF). Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 3–1 CSKA Moscow (aet)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 August 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sao Paulo 1–0 Liverpool". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 December 2005. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool get in Champions League". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 June 2005. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 0–2 Benfica (agg 0–3)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 1–0 Chelsea (Agg: 1–1)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 May 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Harrold, Michael (23 May 2007). "Inzaghi inspires Milan to glory". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (23 May 2007). "AC Milan 2–1 Liverpool". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarra, Kevin (14 April 2009). "Lampard double sees off gallant Liverpool". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ McCarra, Kevin (30 April 2010). "Liverpool's hopes of silverware ended by Atlético Madrid's Diego Forlán". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Roy Hodgson leaves Fulham to become Liverpool manager". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Group Stage". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 7 May 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Roy Hodgson exits and Kenny Dalglish takes over". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Sanghera, Mandeep (17 March 2011). "Liverpool 0–0 Braga (agg 0–1)". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ McVay, David (22 May 2011). "Aston Villa 1 Liverpool 0: match report". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "European qualification: The permutations". Premier League. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool fall short against Zenit despite Luis Suárez free-kick goals". Guardian. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Champions League draw: Liverpool face Real Madrid, while Manchester City are drawn in group of death". Daily Telegraph. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (9 December 2014). "Liverpool 1–1 Basel". BBC Sport. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Whalley, Mike (26 February 2015). "Besiktas 1–0 Liverpool". BBC Sport. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "2015-16 UEFA Europa League: Group B". UEFA.com. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool FC Confirm Juergen Klopp appointment". Liverpoolfc.com. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "2015-16 UEFA Europa League: Liverpool edge out Augsburg". UEFA.com. 25 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Manchester United draw Liverpool in the Europa League". BBC Sport. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (17 March 2016). "Manchester United 1 - 1 Liverpool". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool manager Jurgen Klopp faces Dortmund reunion in Europa League". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 18 March 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (14 April 2016). "Liverpool 4 - 3 Borussia Dortmund (5-4 agg.)". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "2015-16 UEFA Europa League Semi Final - Semi Final 1 First Leg". UEFA.com. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "2015-16 UEFA Europa League Semi Final - Semi Final 1 Second Leg". UEFA.com. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Roberto Firmino and Mohamed Salah lead Liverpool rout of Maribor". Guardian. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Maribor 0 Liverpool 7". BBC Sport. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jamie Carragher". LFC History. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Steven Gerrard". LFC History. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Matches". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Platt, Mark (11 September 2010). "Reds first ever Euro tie". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 12 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Attendances". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 1–1 Barcelona". UEFA. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool in Europe – Season by Season". LFC History. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 218.
Jump up ^ "Fixtures and results". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Competition Stats". LFC History. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool Head-To-Head". Statto Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Graham, Matthew (1985). Liverpool. Twickenham: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. ISBN 0-600-50254-6.
Hale, Steve; Ponting, Ivan (1992). Liverpool in Europe. Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-569-7.
Kelly, Stephen F. (1988). The Official Illustrated History of Liverpool FC: You'll Never Walk Alone. London: Queen Anne Press. ISBN 0-356-19594-5.
Liversedge, Stan (1991). Liverpool:The Official Centenary History. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. ISBN 0-600-57308-7.
Moore, Glenn (2000). The Concise Encyclopedia of World Football. London: Parragon. ISBN 0-7525-4466-7.
External links[edit]
English football portal
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Official Liverpool FC website
Official UEFA site
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