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Energy in California
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California's peak electricity demand occurred on July 24, 2006, at 2:44 pm, with 50,270 megawatts. Since then measures to reduce peak load have resulted in decreased peak demand, even as the state's population has continued to grow.[1] In 2016, the peak load was 46,232 MW, on July 27.[2]
By 2020, California is required to obtain at least 33% of its electricity from renewable resources, and 50% by 2030, excluding large hydro.[3][4] On May 13, 2017, the California Independent System Operator (ISO) reported that the state had broken a new instantaneous renewable energy record, with non-hydro renewables providing 67.2% of the total electricity on the ISO's grid, with another 13.5% being provided by hydro.[5]
Bill 2514 directed the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to adopt an energy storage program and procurement target.[6] As a result, the CPUC established an energy storage target of 1,325 MW by 2020.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Electricity system data
2 Electricity
3 Resources and consumption
4 Petroleum
5 Natural gas
6 Sustainable energy
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Electricity system data[edit]
As of 2016[update], 31.7% of electricity was imported, and of that, 45.3% was of unspecified origin.
Energy mix: Total Electricity Source Percentages[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Unspecified
Renewable
2009 3.1% 0.3% 1.7% 4.6% 2.3% 9.1% 8.1% 13.1% 42.0% 15.7% 12.0%
2010 4.7% 0.3% 1.9% 4.6% 2.4% 10.5% 7.7% 13.9% 41.9% 12.0% 13.9%
2011 5.0% 0.4% 2.1% 4.5% 2.1% 13.0% 8.2% 15.2% 35.3% 14.2% 14.1%
2012 6.3% 0.9% 1.5% 4.4% 2.3% 8.3% 7.5% 9.0% 43.4% 16.4% 15.4%
2013 8.6% 1.8% 1.3% 4.5% 2.7% 7.8% 7.8% 8.8% 44.3% 12.5% 18.8%
2014 8.1% 4.2% 0.9% 4.4% 2.5% 5.5% 6.4% 8.5% 44.5% 15.0% 20.1%
2015 8.2% 6.0% 0.9% 4.4% 2.6% 5.4% 6.0% 9.2% 44.0% 13.5% 21.9%
2016 9.1% 8.1% 1.7% 4.4% 2.3% 10.2% 4.1% 9.2% 36.5% 14.4% 25.5%
Only utility scale generation is shown. Including distributed solar would noticeably increase solar's percentage. [9]
In-State Electricity Source Percentages[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Renewable
2009 3.0% 0.4% 2.0% 6.2% 2.9% 12.1% 1.8% 15.2% 56.3% 14.5%
2010 3.0% 0.4% 2.4% 6.2% 2.8% 14.3% 1.7% 15.7% 53.4% 14.9%
2011 3.8% 0.5% 3.1% 6.3% 2.9% 18.2% 1.6% 18.2% 45.4% 16.6%
2012 4.6% 0.9% 2.1% 6.4% 3.0% 11.7% 0.8% 9.3% 61.1% 17.1%
2013 6.4% 2.2% 1.7% 6.3% 3.2% 10.4% 0.5% 9.0% 60.5% 19.6%
2014 6.5% 5.3% 1.2% 6.1% 3.4% 7.1% 0.5% 8.6% 61.3% 22.8%
2015 6.2% 7.7% 1.2% 6.1% 3.2% 5.9% 0.3% 9.5% 59.9% 24.5%
2016 6.8% 10.0% 2.3% 5.8% 3.0% 12.3% 0.2% 9.6% 49.9% 27.9%
In-State Electricity Production, in TWh[8]
Year
Wind
Solar
Small hydro
Geothermal
Biomass
Large hydro
Coal
Nuclear
Natural gas
Total
2002 3.5 0.9 4.4 13.9 7.1 26.9 27.6 34.4 90.9 209.7
2003 3.5 0.8 5.1 13.8 5.6 30.9 27.2 35.6 92.4 214.8
2004 4.3 0.7 4.7 14.0 5.9 29.7 28.6 30.2 105.0 223.1
2005 4.4 0.7 5.4 14.4 6.0 34.5 28.1 36.2 96.1 225.8
2006 4.9 0.6 5.8 13.5 5.7 43.1 17.6 32.0 107.0 230.1
2007 5.7 0.7 3.7 13.0 5.4 23.3 4.2 35.7 118.3 209.9
2008 5.7 0.7 3.7 12.9 5.7 21.0 4.0 32.5 122.2 208.5
2009 6.3 0.9 4.0 12.9 5.9 25.1 3.7 31.5 116.7 207.2
2010 6.2 0.9 5.0 12.7 5.8 29.3 3.4 32.2 109.8 205.4
2011 7.6 1.1 6.1 12.7 5.8 36.6 3.1 36.7 91.2 200.9
2012 9.2 1.8 4.3 12.7 6.0 23.2 1.6 18.5 121.7 199.1
2013 12.7 4.3 3.3 12.5 6.4 20.8 1.0 17.9 120.9 199.8
2014 13.1 10.6 2.7 12.2 6.8 13.7 1.0 17.0 122.0 199.2
2015 12.2 15.0 2.4 12.0 6.4 11.6 0.5 18.5 117.5 196.5
2016 13.5 19.8 4.6 11.6 5.9 24.2 0.3 18.9 98.8 198.2
Electricity[edit]
Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California.
Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of in-state electricity generation. California is one of the largest hydroelectric power producers in the United States, and with adequate rainfall, hydroelectric power typically accounts for close to one-fifth of State electricity generation. Due to strict emission laws, only one coal-fired power plant still operates in California, the 63 MW Argus Cogeneration plant in San Bernardino County.[10]
California leads the nation in electricity generation from non-hydroelectric renewable energy sources, including geothermal power, wind power, and solar power. California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.[11] Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the name given to nine solar power plants in the Mojave Desert which were built in the 1980s. These plants have a combined capacity of 354 megawatts (MW) making them at one time the largest solar power installation in the world.[12] Other large solar plants in the Mojave Desert include the 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility,[13] opened in 2014, and the 550 MW Desert Sunlight Solar Farm and 579 MW Solar Star, both completed in 2015. The Alta Wind Energy Center in the Tehachapi Mountains is the largest wind power plant in the United States with 1,548 MW installed capacity.[14] A facility known as “The Geysers,” located in the Mayacamas Mountains north of San Francisco, is the largest group of geothermal power plants in the world, with more than 750 MW of installed capacity.
California’s single remaining operational nuclear power plant, Diablo Canyon Power Plant, accounts for less than one-tenth of total generation. California used to have multiple other nuclear power plants, including the Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, the Vallecitos Nuclear Center,[15] and the Humboldt Bay Nuclear Power Plant,[16] in addition to various other smaller experimental or prototype reactors which intermittently supplied power to the grid, such as the Sodium Reactor Experiment. However all of these reactors have been shut down due to both economic[17] and social[18] factors. Currently, the owner of the Diablo Canyon plant, Pacific Gas & Electric, has plans to shut down the two reactors at the site in 2025.[19] This lost generation will be made up with renewables.
California's electricity rates are among the highest in the United States as a result of the changing energy mix within the state, including aggressive construction of new natural gas power plants.[20] California's electricity costs per kWh are 17.4 cents per kWh and 14.8 cents per kWh for residential and commercial customers respectively.[21] Due to high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily wind and hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and nuclear, coal-, and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.[22] Imported coal-fired electricity is expected to decline as power agreements expire and the city of Los Angeles phases out its use of imported coal by 2025.[23][10]
Although California's population increased by 13% during the 1990s, the state did not build any new major power plants during that time, although existing in-state power plants were expanded and power output was increased nearly 30% from 1990 to 2001. However, between 2000 and 2015, California built nearly 500 new power plants to supplement the 700 operating in 2000, boosting power supplies by 43%.[20]
In 2016, CPUC announced new rules for connecting coming generation sources to grid. Connection costs must be estimated by the utility, and the developer is limited to paying within ±25% change of the estimate. CPUC expects the rules to lower overall costs for ratepayers.[24][25][26] California requires 1.8 GW of utility storage[27] and studies long duration bulk energy storage. The state allocates US$83 million per year during 2017-2019 for behind-the-meter storage.[28]
Resources and consumption[edit]
California’s crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in six geological basins in the Central Valley and along the coast. California has more than a dozen of the United States' largest oil fields, including the Midway-Sunset Oil Field, the second largest oil field in the contiguous United States. California’s hydroelectric power potential ranks second in the United States (behind Washington State), and substantial geothermal and wind power resources are found along the coastal mountain ranges and the eastern border with Nevada. High solar power potential is found in southeastern California’s deserts.
California is the most populous state in the nation, but its total energy demand is second to the state of Texas. The state has one of the lowest per capita energy consumption rates in the country due in part to the relatively mild weather comparative to the rest of the nation.[29]
Petroleum[edit]
Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons[30][31]
Year
Gallons
Change
2000 14,544,627,116
2001 15,117,143,010 +3.9%
2002 15,513,415,849 +2.6%
2003 15,661,671,712 +1.0%
2004 15,908,278,251 +1.6%
2005 15,937,855,020 +0.2%
2006 15,825,386,719 −0.7%
2007 15,672,334,029 −1.0%
2008 15,032,229,963 −4.1%
2009 14,811,281,527 −1.5%
2010 14,868,892,787 +0.4%
2011 14,600,133,763 −1.8%
2012 14,504,794,174 −0.7%
2013 14,532,944,431 +0.2%
2014 14,702,632,422 +1.2%
2015 15,105,348,840 +2.7%
2016 15,487,956,872 +2.5%
As of 2012, California's crude oil output accounted for about 8.3% of total U.S. production.[32] Drilling operations are concentrated primarily in Kern County and the Los Angeles basin.[32] Although there is also substantial offshore oil and gas production, there is a permanent moratorium on new offshore oil and gas leasing in California waters and a deferral of leasing in Federal waters.[citation needed]
California ranks third in the United States in petroleum refining capacity, behind Texas and Louisiana, and accounts for about 11% of total U.S. capacity, as of 2012.[32] In addition to oil from California, California's refineries process crude oil from Alaska and foreign suppliers. The refineries are configured to produce cleaner fuels, including reformulated motor gasoline and low-sulfur diesel, to meet strict Federal and State environmental regulations. As of 2017, California has 18 refineries with a capacity to process nearly 2,000,000 US barrels (240,000,000 l; 63,000,000 US gal; 52,000,000 imp gal) per day.[33][34]
Gasoline consumption fluctuates with economic conditions and gas prices, but has generally remained flat since 2000, despite increasing population.[35] In 2017, Texas surpassed California in gasoline consumption, despite California having 6 million more vehicles.[36] Most California motorists are required to use a special motor gasoline blend called California Clean Burning Gasoline (CA CBG).[37] By 2004, California completed a transition from methyl tertiary butyl-ether (MTBE) to ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate additive, making California the largest ethanol fuel market in the United States.[citation needed] There are four ethanol production plants in central and southern California, but most of California’s ethanol supply is transported from other states or abroad.
Natural gas[edit]
California natural gas production typically is less than 2 percent of total annual U.S. production and satisfies less than one-sixth of state demand.[38][39] California receives most of its natural gas by pipeline from production regions in the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and western Canada.[39] Some of this is seasonally stored in the Aliso Canyon Oil Field, and its 2015 leak caused California to install grid batteries to compensate.[40]
Sustainable energy[edit]
California has led the United States from 2010 to 2013 with its sustainable energy plans (also known as "clean energy"), with Clean Edge's Clean Energy Index for 2013 rating it at 91.7, with the second ranked state being Massachusetts, at 77.8, and Mississippi the lowest at 4.2. California is the only state with extensive deployment of wind, solar, and geothermal energy. California's venture capital investments in sustainable energy are greater than the other 49 states combined, at $2.2 billion in 2012.[41]
See also[edit]
Solar power in California
Wind power in California
Offshore oil and gas in California
California oil and gas industry
California independent system operator
List of power stations in California
California Electricity Crisis
List of articles associated with nuclear issues in California
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Martinez, Sierra (November 1, 2011). "California Is Making History by Eliminating Its Growth in Peak Demand". Natural Resources Defense Council.
Jump up ^ "California ISO Peak Load History" (PDF). Caiso.com. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "California ISO - Clean, green grid". Caiso.com.
Jump up ^ "California Renewables Portfolio Standard". California Public Utilities Commission.
Jump up ^ Fracassa, Dominic (May 18, 2017). "California grid sets record, with 67% of power from renewables". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ "AB 2514 - Energy Storage System Procurement Targets from Publicly Owned Utilities". California Public Utilities Commission.
Jump up ^ "California Energy Storage Showcase". California Public Utilities Commission.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Total Electricity System Power". California Energy Commission. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
Jump up ^ U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, February
^ Jump up to: a b "Current and Expected Energy From Coal for California" (PDF). California Energy Commission. November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ California OKs new transmission for renewables Reuters, December 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ SunLab (1998).Solar Trough Systems Retrieved December 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ Sacrificing the desert to save the Earth LA Times February 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "California Clean Energy Tour: Alta Wind Farm Powers Homes". California Energy Commission.
Jump up ^ SchdyInventTech (15 January 2013). "Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor - 1958". YouTube.
Jump up ^ "NRC: Humboldt Bay". Nrc.gov. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "SCE Publishes 3,200 Pages of Documentation on Faulty SONGS Steam Generators - News - Nuclear Power News - Nuclear Street - Nuclear Power Plant News, Jobs, and Careers". Nuclearstreet.com.
Jump up ^ "Voters, in a First, Shut Down Nuclear Reactor". The New York Times. 8 June 1989.
Jump up ^ "PG&E To Close Diablo Canyon In 2025 - News - Nuclear Power News - Nuclear Street - Nuclear Power Plant News, Jobs, and Careers". Nuclearstreet.com. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Penn, Ivan; Menezes, Ryan (February 5, 2017). "A runaway energy industry is costing California billions". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ The Opportunity of Energy Group-Buying EnPowered, April 18, 2016,
Jump up ^ "California - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Peterson, Molly (February 26, 2013). "Los Angeles to end use of coal by 2025, says Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa". Southern California Public Radio.
Jump up ^ "New California Interconnection Ruling Increases Transparency and Limits Costs". Greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "How California Created a New System for Determining the Costs of Grid Connection". Greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "AB-2868 Energy storage. (2015-2016)". Leginfo.legislaturte.ca.gov. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
Jump up ^ California Ramps Up Energy Storage Plans with Enactment of Four New Bills September 28, 2016
Jump up ^ "California, State Energy Profile". Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. 2000–2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. 2010–2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Oil and Gas in California: The Industry and Its Economic Contribution in 2012" (PDF). Western States Petroleum Association. Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation.
Jump up ^ "California Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries". U.S. Energy Information Administration. January 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "California's Oil Refineries". California Energy Commission.
Jump up ^ "Economic Perspective" (PDF). California Board of Equalization. February 2013.
Jump up ^ Kohlman, Matt (March 31, 2017). "Pickup vs. Prius: Texas passes California as gasoline consumption king". S&P Global Platts.
Jump up ^ Board, California Air Resources. "Cleaner-Burning Gasoline: An Update". Arb.ca.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Natural Gas Annual 2006" (PDF). US Department of Energy. October 2007. pp. 1, 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Overview of Natural Gas in California". Energy Almanac. California Energy Commission. Archived from the original on 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Tesla, Greensmith, AES Deploy Aliso Canyon Battery Storage in Record Time". GTM. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Jump up ^ [2][dead link]
External links[edit]
Today's Outlook, California ISO
Yesterday's Renewables Production, California ISO
Energy Flow Chart (2000)
Grid maps: South, Central, North
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Game of Thrones (season 7)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Game of Thrones (season 7)
Region 1 DVD cover
Starring
See List of Game of Thrones cast
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
7
Release
Original network
HBO
Original release
July 16 (2017-07-16) – August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 6
Next →
Season 8
List of Game of Thrones episodes
The seventh season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017.[1][2][3] Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven.[4] Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series.[5][better source needed] The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.
The penultimate season focuses primarily on the convergence of the show's main plotlines, featuring major events such as Daenerys Targaryen arriving in Westeros with her army and three dragons and waging war against the Lannisters, Jon Snow forging an alliance with Daenerys in an attempt to unite their forces against the White Walker army, Arya and Bran returning to Winterfell and reuniting with their sister Sansa, and the army of the dead breaching the Wall (with the help of a reanimated wight dragon) and entering the Seven Kingdoms.
HBO ordered the seventh season on April 21, 2016, three days before the premiere of the show's sixth season, and began filming on August 31, 2016. The season was filmed primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia and Iceland.
Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast, including Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, and Kit Harington. The season introduces several new cast members, including Jim Broadbent and Tom Hopper.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episodes
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Guest cast
2.2.1 In the North, including the Wall
2.2.2 Beyond the Wall
2.2.3 In the Riverlands
2.2.4 In King's Landing
2.2.5 In Oldtown
2.2.6 At Dragonstone
2.2.7 In flashbacks
3 Production
3.1 Crew
3.2 Writing
3.3 Filming
3.4 Casting
3.5 Episodes
3.6 Promotion
3.7 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Ratings
5 Release
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Home media
5.3 Illegal distribution
6 References
7 External links
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
61
1 "Dragonstone" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16) 10.11[6]
At the Twins, Arya fatally poisons the remaining lords of House Frey. The White Walkers march toward the Wall, where Tollett allows Bran and Meera inside. At Winterfell, despite Sansa's disapproval, Jon secures the loyalties of Houses Umber and Karstark, who fought alongside Ramsay in the Battle of the Bastards. At the Citadel, Samwell steals books that reveal a large reservoir of dragonglass in Dragonstone, and sends word to Jon. He later finds Jorah in a cell. In the Riverlands, Arya meets a group of friendly Lannister soldiers, who take her intention to kill Cersei as a joke. Thoros shows Sandor a vision in the fire. The revelation leads him to believe in the Lord of Light. In King's Landing, Jaime tells Cersei of the crucial need for allies. She welcomes Euron, who proposes marriage to her in exchange for his Iron Fleet and a chance to kill Theon and Yara. Cersei declines citing trust as a concern, so Euron promises to return with a "gift" to prove his loyalty. Daenerys arrives at Dragonstone, the home of House Targaryen once occupied by Stannis, with her army and dragons.
62
2 "Stormborn" Mark Mylod Bryan Cogman July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23) 9.27[7]
Daenerys sends the Dornishmen with Yara's fleet to Sunspear and the Unsullied to Casterly Rock, deciding to place King's Landing under siege. She questions Varys' loyalty and threatens to burn him alive if he ever betrays her. Melisandre arrives and encourages her to invite Jon Snow to Dragonstone. Grey Worm and Missandei consummate their relationship. Cersei gathers several lords, asking for their fealties and elevating Randyll Tarly as Warden of the South. Qyburn shows Cersei a prototype ballista capable of killing dragons. Arya meets with Hot Pie and learns of Jon's ascension to King in the North, halting plans to travel to King's Landing and instead setting course for Winterfell. After receiving Samwell's letter, Jon leaves for Dragonstone in hopes of convincing Daenerys to support the fight against the White Walkers. He leaves Sansa in charge and aggressively warns Littlefinger to keep his distance. Samwell applies a forbidden treatment on Jorah's Greyscale infection. Euron's fleet attacks Yara's. Obara and Nymeria are killed, while Ellaria, Tyene, and Yara are captured. Theon shows flashes of his time as Reek, hesitating to challenge Euron before fleeing the carnage by jumping into the sea.
63
3 "The Queen's Justice" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30) 9.25[8]
Jon arrives at Dragonstone. Daenerys demands his fealty. He refuses and focuses instead on convincing her to fight the Army of the Dead. Following Tyrion's advice, Daenerys grants Jon access to the island's dragonglass. Melisandre hides her presence from Jon and leaves for Volantis. Bran arrives at Winterfell and reveals his newfound role as the Three-Eyed Raven to Sansa. In King's Landing, Euron returns with Ellaria and Tyene as a gift for Cersei, who promises to marry him after the war is won. She also awards him co-control of her military alongside Jaime. Cersei administers the same poison to Tyene used to kill Myrcella, forcing Ellaria to watch her daughter's impending death. In Oldtown, a healed Jorah leaves to find Daenerys. Ebrose forgives Samwell. Grey Worm and the Unsullied attack Casterly Rock, only to find it mostly abandoned. Jaime led most of the Lannister forces in an attack on Highgarden, while Euron's fleet ambushes and destroys the Unsullied's ships. The Lannister forces overwhelm Olenna's army. Jaime induces Olenna to drink poison, offering her a quick and painless death. After drinking it, she confesses to poisoning Joffrey.
64
4 "The Spoils of War" Matt Shakman David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06) 10.17[9]
Arya returns to Winterfell, where she reunites with Sansa and spars with Brienne, both of whom are unnerved by her exceptional fighting skills. Bran unemotionally bids farewell to Meera, divulging that he is no longer the boy she accompanied through the North. Littlefinger presents Bran with the dagger that was previously used in his attempted assassination. Cersei assures the Iron Bank a full return on their investment, as a train carrying gold from Highgarden is on its way to King's Landing. In a cave filled with dragonglass, Jon reveals ancient paintings to Daenerys depicting the First Men and the Children of the Forest joining forces against the undead. Later, Daenerys learns of the sacking of Highgarden by Lannister forces and realizes her attack on Casterly Rock was a distraction. Despite Tyrion's protests, she decides to take action. Led by Daenerys riding Drogon, the Dothraki cavalry catches the Lannister army by surprise and decimate or capture its remaining forces. Drogon is wounded during the fight by a spear fired from the scorpion ballista being manned by Bronn. Jaime mounts a desperate charge on horseback at a vulnerable Daenerys, but Drogon spews fire in time to thwart the attack. Bronn tackles Jaime into the river in time to save him.
65
5 "Eastwatch" Matt Shakman Dave Hill August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13) 10.72[10]
Jaime and Bronn return to King's Landing. Against Tyrion's advice, Daenerys has Drogon burn Randyll and Dickon Tarly alive for remaining allegiant to Cersei, forcing the other captives to pledge fealty to the former. Jorah arrives at Dragonstone and reunites with Daenerys. Maester Wolkan alerts Jon and the Citadel about the approaching wights to the Eastwatch by the Sea. Jon decides to travel beyond the Wall and capture a wight in order to convince Cersei for a temporary alliance. Davos smuggles Tyrion inside King's Landing, where he secretly meets with Jaime and offers an armistice, which Cersei accepts, informing Jaime that she is pregnant. Davos rendezvouses with Gendry and returns him to Dragonstone. With the Citadel ignoring Wolkan's letter, Samwell steals several books and leaves with Gilly and Little Sam. At Winterfell, Littlefinger notices Arya spying on him and leads her to take a letter written by Sansa from his room. Jon, Jorah, and Gendry, joined by the Hound, the Brotherhood, and a group of the Free Folk led by Tormund, leave Eastwatch and pass the Wall, intending to capture a wight as evidence for Cersei that the Army of the Dead is real.
66
6 "Beyond the Wall" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20) 10.24[11]
At Winterfell, Littlefinger plots to isolate Sansa. Tensions between Arya and Sansa grow following Arya's discovery of the letter Sansa sent as a child begging for Robb's fealty to Joffrey. Sansa discovers Arya's bag of faces she took from Braavos. At Dragonstone, Tyrion counsels Daenerys about her upcoming negotiations with Cersei. Beyond the Wall, Jon leads a raiding party to capture a wight to bring South as evidence of the White Walkers' existence. After successfully capturing one, the group is besieged by the White Walker army. Jon has Gendry return to Eastwatch and send a raven to Daenerys to request her help. Thoros freezes to death overnight. Daenerys arrives and saves the group from the wights, with the help of her dragons. The Night King, leader of the White Walkers, throws an ice spear at Viserion, one of Daenerys' dragons, and kills it. Daenerys flies off, along with the raiding party, but is unable to save Jon. Benjen Stark intervenes and sacrifices himself to allow Jon to escape. When Jon and Daenerys are reunited, Jon pledges himself and the North to Daenerys as Queen. The Night King resurrects Viserion, making the dragon a part of his army.
67
7 "The Dragon and the Wolf" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27) 12.07[12]
At King's Landing, the wight is presented to the Lannisters. Cersei demands Jon's neutrality in the Great War, but he upholds his oath to Daenerys, provoking Cersei to leave. Tyrion meets privately with Cersei, apparently persuading her to ally. Cersei later reveals to Jaime that she was lying and instead intends to use the Golden Company of Braavos to secure her hold on Westeros. Disgusted, Jaime deserts her and rides north. Bound for White Harbor, Jon and Daenerys make love. At Dragonstone, Theon earns the respect of his men and leads them to rescue Yara. At Winterfell, Littlefinger sows dissent using Arya's threatening demeanor with Sansa, who assembles a trial. After listing Littlefinger's acts of treason against House Stark and the North, Sansa has Arya execute him. Samwell arrives at Winterfell and meets with Bran, where both discuss Jon's parentage. They realise Jon is a trueborn Targaryen named Aegon and valid heir to the Iron Throne, with his parents—Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark—having married in secret. At Eastwatch, an undead Viserion damages the Wall, allowing the Army of the Dead to march south.
Cast[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones characters
Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister)
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
(Jaime Lannister)
Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister)
Emilia Clarke (Daenerys Targaryen)
Kit Harington (Jon Snow)
Sophie Turner (Sansa Stark)
Maisie Williams (Arya Stark)
Main cast[edit]
Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister[13]
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Jaime Lannister[13]
Lena Headey as Cersei Lannister[13]
Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen[13]
Kit Harington as Jon Snow[13]
Aidan Gillen as Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish[13]
Liam Cunningham as Davos Seaworth[13]
Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark[13]
Maisie Williams as Arya Stark[13]
Carice van Houten as Melisandre[13]
Nathalie Emmanuel as Missandei[13]
Indira Varma as Ellaria Sand[13]
Alfie Allen as Theon Greyjoy[13]
Gwendoline Christie as Brienne of Tarth[13]
Conleth Hill as Varys[13]
John Bradley as Samwell Tarly[13]
Isaac Hempstead Wright as Bran Stark[13]
Hannah Murray as Gilly[13]
Kristofer Hivju as Tormund Giantsbane[13]
Rory McCann as Sandor "The Hound" Clegane[13]
Jerome Flynn as Bronn[13]
Joe Dempsie as Gendry[14]
Iain Glen as Jorah Mormont[13]
Guest cast[edit]
The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 7. They are listed by the region in which they first appear.
In the North, including the Wall[edit]
Richard Dormer as Beric Dondarrion[13]
Paul Kaye as Thoros of Myr[15]
Ben Crompton as Eddison Tollett[16]
Ellie Kendrick as Meera Reed[17]
Bella Ramsey as Lyanna Mormont[17]
Tim McInnerny as Robett Glover[18][19]
Megan Parkinson as Alys Karstark[20]
Daniel Portman as Podrick Payne[21]
Richard Rycroft as Maester Wolkan[22]
Rupert Vansittart as Yohn Royce[23]
Beyond the Wall[edit]
Vladimir Furdik as the Night King[24]
Joseph Mawle as Benjen Stark
Neil Fingleton as giant wight
Ian Whyte as giant wight
In the Riverlands[edit]
David Bradley as Walder Frey
Ben Hawkey as Hot Pie
In King's Landing[edit]
Pilou Asbæk as Euron Greyjoy[13]
Anton Lesser as Qyburn[25]
Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson as Gregor Clegane[26]
James Faulkner as Randyll Tarly[13]
Tom Hopper as Dickon Tarly[27]
Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris[28]
In Oldtown[edit]
Jim Broadbent as Archmaester Ebrose[29][30]
At Dragonstone[edit]
Jacob Anderson as Grey Worm[17]
Diana Rigg as Olenna Tyrell[13]
Gemma Whelan as Yara Greyjoy[31]
Jessica Henwick as Nymeria Sand[32]
Rosabell Laurenti Sellers as Tyene Sand[33]
Keisha Castle-Hughes as Obara Sand
Brendan Cowell as Harrag
Staz Nair as Qhono
In flashbacks[edit]
Aisling Franciosi as Lyanna Stark
Wilf Scolding as Rhaegar Targaryen
Robert Aramayo as Ned Stark
Production[edit]
Crew[edit]
Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as showrunners for the seventh season. The directors for the seventh season are Jeremy Podeswa (episodes 1 and 7), Mark Mylod (episodes 2 and 3), Matt Shakman (episodes 4 and 5) and Alan Taylor (episode 6). This marks Taylor's return to the series after an absence since the second season. Shakman is a first-time Game of Thrones director, with the rest each having directed multiple episodes in previous seasons.[34] Michele Clapton returned to the show as costume designer, after spending some time away from the show in the sixth season. She previously worked on the show for the first five seasons, as well as the end of the sixth season.[34]
Writing[edit]
Depending upon the release of George R. R. Martin's forthcoming The Winds of Winter, the seventh season may comprise original material not found in the A Song of Ice and Fire series.[35][needs update] According to previous reports, some of the show's sixth season had consisted of material revealed to the writers of the television series during discussions with Martin.[36]
Filming[edit]
The shores of Gaztelugatxe were used as a location for filming Season 7.
Filming began on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast,[37] and ended in February 2017.[38][39][40] In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated "We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot."[41]
Girona, Spain did not return as one of the filming locations.[42] Girona stood in for Braavos and parts of King's Landing.[42] It was later announced that the seventh season would film in Northern Ireland, Spain and Iceland, with filming in Northern Ireland beginning in August 2016.[4][38] The series filmed in the Spanish cities Seville, Cáceres, Almodóvar del Río, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo.[43] Spanish sources announced that the series would be filming the seventh season on Muriola Beach in Barrika, Las Atarazanas, the Royal Dockyards of Seville and at the shores of San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, an islet belonging to the city of Bermeo.[44][45][46] The series returned to film at The Dark Hedges in Stranocum, which was previously used as the Kingsroad in the second season.[47] Some scenes were filmed in Iceland.[48] Filming also occurred in Dubrovnik, Croatia, which is used for location of King's Landing.[49] The scene where Arya was reunited with Nymeria was filmed in Alberta, Canada.[50]
Casting[edit]
Deadline reported on June 21, 2016, that the five main cast members, Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, and Kit Harington had been in contract negotiations for the final two seasons. It was reported that the cast members have increased their salary to $500,000 per episode for the seventh and eighth season.[51][52] It was later reported that the actors had gone through a renegotiation, for which they had increased their salary to $1.1 million per episode for the last two seasons.[53]
On August 31, 2016, Entertainment Weekly reported that Jim Broadbent had been cast for the seventh season in a "significant" role.[29] It was announced that the role of Dickon Tarly has been recast, with Tom Hopper replacing Freddie Stroma, who had previously played the role in "Blood of My Blood".[27] The seventh season sees the return of Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris, who did not appear in the sixth season,[28] Ben Hawkey as Hot Pie, who last appeared in the fourth season, and Joe Dempsie as Gendry, who last appeared in the third season and maintains his status as starring cast member. Members of the British indie pop band Bastille were reported to have filmed cameo appearances.[54] British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran also makes a cameo appearance in the season.[55] Guitarist/vocalist of American heavy metal band Mastodon, Brent Hinds, has also revealed he would have a cameo appearance. This is Hinds' second cameo in the series, following his appearance (along with bandmates Brann Dailor and Bill Kelliher) in the fifth season.[56]
Episodes[edit]
On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of Game of Thrones, just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season.[57] According to an interview with co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap."[58][59] Director Jack Bender, who worked on the show's sixth season, said that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes.[60] Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said "It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule."[58] HBO confirmed on July 18, 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule.[4] Later it was confirmed that the season would debut on July 16.[61] According to a report by Entertainment Weekly, the seventh season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes.[62] The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes – around 16 minutes longer than an average Game of Thrones episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively.[63] The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth-season finale, "The Winds of Winter", which ran 69 minutes.[62]
Promotion[edit]
On July 23, 2016, a teaser production trailer was released by HBO at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer mostly consisted of voice overs, and shots of crew members creating sets and props.[64] The first footage from the season was revealed in a new promotional video released by HBO highlighting its new and returning original shows for the coming year on November 28, 2016, showcasing Jon Snow, Sansa Stark and Arya Stark.[65][66]
On March 1, 2017, HBO and Game of Thrones teamed up with Major League Baseball (MLB) for a cross-promotional partnership. At least 19 individual teams participate with this promotion.[67] On March 8, 2017, HBO released the first promotional poster for the season ahead of the SXSW Festival in Austin, Texas, which teases the battle of "ice vs. fire". Showrunners Benioff and Weiss also spoke at the event, along with fellow cast members Sophie Turner and Maisie Williams.[68]
On March 9, 2017, HBO hosted a live stream on the Game of Thrones Facebook page that revealed the premiere date for the seventh season as being July 16, 2017. It was accompanied by a teaser trailer.[2] On March 30, 2017, the first official promo for the show was released, highlighting the thrones of Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow, and Cersei Lannister.[69] On April 20, 2017, HBO released 15 official photos shot during the season.[70] On May 22, 2017, HBO released several new photos from the new season.[71] On May 23, 2017, HBO released the official posters featuring the Night King.[72] The first official trailer for season 7 was released on May 24, 2017.[25] The trailer set a world record for being the most viewed show trailer ever, being viewed 61 million times across digital platforms, in the first 24 hours.[73] The second official trailer was released on June 21, 2017.[24] The season premiere was screened at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles on July 12, 2017.[74]
Music[edit]
See also: Game of Thrones: Season 7 (soundtrack)
Ramin Djawadi returned as the composer of the show for the seventh season.[75]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score of 77 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[76] On Rotten Tomatoes, the seventh season has a 96% approval rating from 37 critics with an average rating of 8.2 out of 10, and a 93% average episode score, with the site's consensus reading "After a year-long wait, Game of Thrones roars back with powerful storytelling and a focused interest in its central characters -- particularly the female ones."[77]
Game of Thrones (season 7): Critical reception by episode
Season 7 (2017): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[77]
Ratings[edit]
The series premiere surpassed 30 million viewers across all of the network's domestic platforms weeks after its release. The show's numbers continued to climb in other countries as well. In the UK, the premiere got up to 4.7 million viewers after seven days, setting a new record for Sky Atlantic. Compared to the previous season, HBO Asia saw an increases of between 24 percent to 50 percent. HBO Latin America saw a record viewership in the region, with a 29 percent climb. In Germany, the show went up 210 percent, in Russia it climbed 40 percent and in Italy it saw a 61 percent increase.[78] In the United States, the finale was watched by 12.1 million viewers on its first airing on television, and 16.5 million when viewings on HBO Now and HBO Go apps are included. Over the season, the viewer numbers averaged at over 30 million per episode across all platform.[79]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Dragonstone" July 16, 2017 4.7 10.11[6] 1.1 2.62 5.8 12.74[80]
2 "Stormborn" July 23, 2017 4.3 9.27[7] 1.4 3.08 5.7 12.37[81]
3 "The Queen's Justice" July 30, 2017 4.3 9.25[8] 1.1 2.72 5.4 11.97[82]1
4 "The Spoils of War" August 6, 2017 4.6 10.17[9] 1.7 3.76 6.3 13.94[83]
5 "Eastwatch" August 13, 2017 5.0 10.72[10] 1.6 3.67 6.6 14.41[84]
6 "Beyond the Wall" August 20, 2017 4.7 10.24[11] 1.6 3.74 6.3 13.98[85]
7 "The Dragon and the Wolf" August 27, 2017 5.7 12.07[12] 1.4 3.35 7.1 15.44[86]
^1 Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.
Game of Thrones : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average
1
2.22 2.20 2.44 2.45 2.58 2.44 2.40 2.72 2.66 3.04 2.52[87]
2
3.86 3.76 3.77 3.65 3.90 3.88 3.69 3.86 3.38 4.20 3.80[87]
3
4.37 4.27 4.72 4.87 5.35 5.50 4.84 5.13 5.22 5.39 4.97[88]
4
6.64 6.31 6.59 6.95 7.16 6.40 7.20 7.17 6.95 7.09 6.84[89]
5
8.00 6.81 6.71 6.82 6.56 6.24 5.40 7.01 7.14 8.11 6.88[90]
6
7.94 7.29 7.28 7.82 7.89 6.71 7.80 7.60 7.66 8.89 7.69[91]
7
10.11 9.27 9.25 10.17 10.72 10.24 12.07 N/A 10.26[92]
Source: Nielsen Media Research[94]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners in 186 countries. While in some countries, it aired the day after its first release.[78]
Home media[edit]
The season will be released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017.[95][96]
Illegal distribution[edit]
The season premiere was pirated 90 million times in the first three days after it aired.[97] On August 4, 2017, it was reported that, two days before its original broadcast, the fourth episode of the season was leaked online from Star India, one of HBO's international network partners.[98] The leaked copy has the "for internal viewing only" watermark. On July 31, 2017, due to a security breach, HBO was the victim of 1.5 terabytes of stolen data.[99] However, "this was not related to this episode leak", according to The Verge.[100] On August 16, 2017, four days before its intended release, it was reported that HBO Spain and HBO Nordic accidentally allowed the sixth episode of the series on-demand viewing for one hour before being removed.[101]
Data from piracy monitoring firm MUSO indicates that season seven was pirated more than one billion times mostly by unauthorized streaming, with torrent and direct downloads accounting for about 15 percent of this piracy. On average, each episode is estimated to have been pirated 140 million times.[102]
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External links[edit]
Official website – (U.S.)
Official website – (U.K.)
Game of Thrones – The Viewers Guide on HBO.com
Making Game of Thrones on HBO.com
List of Game of Thrones episodes on IMDb
List of Game of Thrones episodes at TV.com
[show]
v
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George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire
A Game of Thrones (1996)
A Clash of Kings (1998)
A Storm of Swords (2000)
A Feast for Crows (2005)
A Dance with Dragons (2011)
The Winds of Winter (TBA)
Franchise media
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Tales of Dunk and Egg (1998–2010)
The Princess and the Queen (2013)
The Rogue Prince (2014)
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4
5
6
7
8
Awards
Characters
Music
"Game of Thrones Theme"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Light of the Seven"
Catch the Throne
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2
3
4
5
6
Title sequence
After the Thrones
Thronecast
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A Game of Thrones: Genesis
Game of Thrones (2012)
Game of Thrones Ascent
Game of Thrones (2014)
Other media
The World of Ice & Fire (2014)
Board game
Card game (Second edition)
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Characters
Petyr Baelish
Joffrey Baratheon
Renly Baratheon
Robert Baratheon
Stannis Baratheon
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Roose Bolton
Bronn
Gregor Clegane
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Khal Drogo
Gendry
Tormund Giantsbane
Gilly
Theon Greyjoy
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Jaime Lannister
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Tywin Lannister
Oberyn Martell
Melisandre
Missandei
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Davos Seaworth
Jon Snow
High Sparrow
Arya Stark
Bran Stark
Catelyn Stark
Ned Stark
Rickon Stark
Robb Stark
Sansa Stark
Daenerys Targaryen
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Samwell Tarly
Brienne of Tarth
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Olenna Tyrell
Varys
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World
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Game of Thrones episodes
Seasons: 1
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4
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7
8
Season 7
"Dragonstone"
"Stormborn"
"The Queen's Justice"
"The Spoils of War"
"Eastwatch"
"Beyond the Wall"
"The Dragon and the Wolf"
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Thin blue line
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the law enforcement symbol. For other uses, see The Thin Blue Line (disambiguation).
The "Thin Blue Line" symbol
A blue laser beam was projected during the 24th annual National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial on 13 May 2012 in Washington, D.C.
The Thin Blue Line is a symbol used by law enforcement, originating in the United Kingdom but now prevalent in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Belgium [1], Switzerland [2] and Poland [3] to commemorate fallen and to show support for the living law enforcement officers and to symbolize the relationship of law enforcement in the community as the protectors of the community from criminals and victimization.[4] It is an analogy to the term Thin Red Line.
Union Jack variation of Thin Blue Line emblem
In the United Kingdom, the primary use of the badge is a mark of respect for fallen police officers or staff. However, it also represents the thin line between order and chaos. A variation of the emblem places a horizontal thin blue line across a Union Jack rendered in black and white. The sale of badges with this emblem is used to raise money for families of police officers that have died in the line of duty.
In the United States of America, each stripe on the emblem represents certain respective figures: the blue center line represents law enforcement, the top black stripe represents the public and the bottom represents the criminals. Proponents say that the idea behind the graphic is that law enforcement (the blue line) is what stands between the violence and victimization by criminals and the potential victims of crime.[5] Opponents note that the representations of the public and the criminals are identical, and suggest that the symbology ironically represents a police vs. everyone else mindset.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Controversy
3 Variations
4 References
History[edit]
The term came into broad use after the release of Errol Morris' 1988 documentary film The Thin Blue Line, about the murder of a Dallas Police officer Robert W Wood. Judge Don Metcalfe who presided over the trial of Randall Adams, states in the film, that prosecutor "Doug Mulder's final argument was one I'd never heard before: about the 'thin blue line' of police that separate the public from anarchy." The judge admitted to being deeply moved by the prosecutor's words, though the trial resulted in a wrongful conviction and death sentence.[7]
Controversy[edit]
The Thin Blue Line emblem has been controversial in both the US and the UK.
In 2015, police officers in Sussex, England were told by their superiors to remove the badge from their uniforms since it was not part of their official uniform. There was a concern that it could be seen as a political statement related to cutbacks in police forces.[8][9]
In Chicago, in November 2016, protesters carried the US version of the flag to show support for police after a police shooting of a black man. The protesters confronted another group of protesters who felt the shooting was racially motivated.[10]
The US version of the flag has been seen by some as a desecration of the official US flag.[4]
In Warwick, New York, the painting of a blue line down a roadway was protested by some citizens as being in opposition to the Black Lives Matter movement. The town has since painted the line red white and blue, the colors of the US flag.[11]
Variations[edit]
The Thin Red Line - fire and rescue services [12]
The Thin Silver Line – Corrections officer[citation needed]
The Thin Yellow Line – Tow truck drivers[citation needed] a Security Officers[citation needed].
The Thin Green Line – Military, Conservation Officers, Park Rangers, Game Wardens, Border Patrol[citation needed]. In the United Kingdom, the Thin Green Line represents Emergency medical services.
The Thin Gold Line – Dispatchers[citation needed]
The Thin White Line – Emergency medical services.[citation needed] The thin white line differs from other thin lines in that the background is blue instead of black, (yet some will use black instead of blue,) with a white line crossing horizontally through the middle.
The Thin Orange Line - Search and Rescue Personnel (SAR)
Thin Black Line – Nurses. The thin black line differs from other thin lines because it is a white background with a horizontal black line through the middle. Nurses will also use The Thin White Line.[13]
Thin Camo Line - Military Personnel.[citation needed] The Thin Camo Line usually will use the NATO style camouflage[citation needed], (Green, Red-Brown, and Black.) Different branches of the military can use their branches camouflage to represent the Thin Camo Line. Examples would be like the Air Force, would have their Utility Uniform Colors (Tiger Stripes.) The Navy would have their Working Uniform Colors (Type III or Type II.) Army would have their ACU Colors. And Marines would use their MARPAT Colors.
Thin Red-Blue-Green Tri-Line – Represents all three branches of emergency service personnel, fire, police and ambulance.
The Thin Purple Line - UK Border Force and Immigration Enforcement
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Belgium Blue Line".
Jump up ^ "Thin Blue Line Switzerland".
Jump up ^ "Cienka Niebieska Linia".
^ Jump up to: a b Jack Phillips, "'Thin Blue Line' Flags Appear Across the US", Epoch Times, 12 July 2016
Jump up ^ Brenda Waters, "Thousands Line Canonsburg Streets To Pay Final Respects To Fallen Officer", CBS local, 16 November 2016
Jump up ^ "The 'Thin Blue Line' Serves No Purpose | Zero Hedge". www.zerohedge.com. 2013-01-07. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
Jump up ^ "Thin Blue Line: Interview Gallery". Errol Morris. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
Jump up ^ James Murray, "Fury as police told not to wear UK flag badge in memory of colleagues killed" Express, 12 October 2015
Jump up ^ "Sussex PC told to remove union jack police charity badge", BBC 17 February 2015
Jump up ^ Howard Ludwig, "Three Groups of Protesters Come Face To Face in Mount Greenwood", DNAinfo, 20 November 2016
Jump up ^ Richard J. Bayne, "Blue line causes friction in Warwick", Times Herald-Record, 6 December 2016
Jump up ^ Template:Cite name web
Jump up ^ NCFFF, "The Red Line of Courage", 03 March 2017
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thin_blue_line&oldid=802689812"
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