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GfK
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GfK SE (GfK Group)
Type
Societas Europaea
Traded as
FWB: GFK
Industry
Market research
Founded
1934 (1934)
Headquarters
Nuremberg, Germany
Operations in 100+ countries
Revenue
€1.5 Billion (2014)
Net income
€52.4 million (2014)
Number of employees
13,069 (2018)[1]
Website
www.gfk.com
The GfK SE (established in 1934 as Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung, "Society for Consumer Research") is Germany's largest market research institute, and the fourth largest market research organisation in the world, after Nielsen Company, Kantar Group and Ipsos. It was founded by an association of university teachers, among them Ludwig Erhard.
In April 2005 it acquired NOP World, based mostly in the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy, which was rated the ninth largest market research business in the world.
In May 2008 it acquired an equity stake in Deep-Packet Inspection company Qosmos in order to track and monitor Internet usage for marketing research.[2]
In December 2011, GfK acquired Knowledge Networks, based in Palo Alto, California the United States, which does online research for consumer products and services, pharmaceuticals, retail, media, and public policy. KN's Dimestore platform offers unique platform for measuring the effectiveness of digital ad campaign with simple surveys of streaming video ads, that also allows real-time reporting.
In 2010, the company was the fourth-largest market research company by revenue.[3]
In December 2016 the capital firm KKR announced an offer to take over the majority of GfK SE's shares.[4]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "About GfK". www.gfk.com. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Error Page" (PDF). 19 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Global top 25 grow 4.1% to $18.7bn, says Honomichl - News". Archived from the original on 2012-09-19.
Jump up ^ "Acceleratio Capital N.V." acceleratio-angebot.de. [permanent dead link]
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ISNI: 0000 0001 0941 7900
LCCN: no2010150901
VIAF: 134286431
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GfK&oldid=860913276"
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Romeo and Juliet (1968 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Romeo and Juliet
theatrical release poster
Directed by
Franco Zeffirelli
Produced by
John Brabourne
Anthony Havelock-Allan
Screenplay by
Franco Brusati
Masolino D'Amico
Franco Zeffirelli
Based on
Romeo and Juliet by
William Shakespeare
Starring
Leonard Whiting
Olivia Hussey
Milo O'Shea
Michael York
John McEnery
Natasha Parry
Pat Heywood
Robert Stephens
Narrated by
Laurence Olivier
Music by
Nino Rota
Cinematography
Pasqualino De Santis
Edited by
Reginald Mills
Production
company
BHE Films
Verona Produzione
Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografica
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
8 October 1968 (1968-10-08TUS)
Running time
138 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
Italy
Language
English
Budget
$850,000[1]
Box office
$38.9 million[2]
Romeo and Juliet is a 1968 British-Italian romantic drama film based on the play of the same name (1591–1595) by William Shakespeare.
The film was directed and co-written by Franco Zeffirelli, and stars Leonard Whiting and Olivia Hussey. It won Academy Awards for Best Cinematography (Pasqualino De Santis) and Best Costume Design (Danilo Donati); it was also nominated for Best Director and Best Picture, making it the last Shakespearean film to be nominated for Best Picture to date. Sir Laurence Olivier spoke the film's prologue and epilogue and reportedly dubbed the voice of the Italian actor playing Lord Montague, but was not credited in the film.
Being the most financially successful film adaptation of a Shakespeare play at the time of its release, it was popular among teenagers partly because it was the first film to use actors who were close to the age of the characters from the original play. Several critics also welcomed the film enthusiastically.[3][4]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming locations
4 Reception
4.1 Awards and nominations
5 Soundtrack
6 In popular culture
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
One summer morning in Verona, Italy, a longstanding feud between the Montague and the Capulet clans breaks out in a street brawl. The brawl is broken up by the Prince, who warns both families that any future violence between them will result in harsh consequences. That night, two teenagers of the two families — Romeo and Juliet — meet at a Capulet masked ball and become deeply infatuated. Later, Romeo stumbles into the secluded garden under Juliet's bedroom balcony and the two exchange impassioned pledges. They are secretly married the next day by Romeo's confessor and father figure, Friar Laurence, with the assistance of Juliet's nursemaid.
That afternoon, Juliet's first cousin Tybalt, enraged that Romeo had attended his family's ball, insults him and challenges him to a brawl. Romeo regards Tybalt as family and he refuses to fight him, which leads Romeo's best friend, Mercutio, to fight Tybalt instead. Despite Romeo's efforts to stop the fight, Tybalt badly wounds Mercutio, who curses both the Montague and Capulet houses before dying. Enraged over his friend's death, Romeo retaliates by fighting Tybalt and killing him. Romeo is subsequently punished by the Prince with banishment from Verona, with the threat of death if he ever returns. Romeo, however, sees his banishment as worse than the death penalty, as Verona is the only home he has known and he does not want to be separated from Juliet. Friar Laurence eventually convinces Romeo that he is very lucky and that he should be more thankful for what he has. Romeo then secretly spends his wedding night together with Juliet and the couple consummate their marriage before Romeo flees.
Juliet's father and mother, unaware of their daughter's secret marriage, have arranged for Juliet to marry wealthy Count Paris. Juliet pleads with her parents to postpone the marriage, but they refuse and threaten to disown her. Juliet seeks out Friar Laurence for help, hoping to escape her arranged marriage to Paris and remain faithful to Romeo. At Friar Laurence's behest, she reconciles with her parents and agrees to their wishes. On the night before the wedding, Juliet consumes a potion prepared by Friar Laurence intended to make her appear dead for forty-two hours. Friar Laurence plans to inform Romeo of the hoax so that Romeo can meet Juliet after her burial and escape with her when she recovers from her swoon, so he sends Friar John to give Romeo a letter describing the plan. However, when Balthasar, Romeo's servant, sees Juliet being buried under the impression that she is dead, he goes to tell Romeo and reaches him before Friar John. In despair, Romeo goes to Juliet's tomb and kills himself by drinking poison. Soon afterwards, Juliet awakens and discovers her husband dead. Juliet refuses to leave Romeo and kills herself by piercing her abdomen with his dagger. Later, the two families attend their joint funeral and are chastised by the Prince.
Cast[edit]
Leonard Whiting as Romeo Montague
Olivia Hussey as Juliet Capulet
John McEnery as Mercutio
Milo O'Shea as Friar Laurence
Pat Heywood as The Nurse
Robert Stephens as The Prince
Michael York as Tybalt
Bruce Robinson as Benvolio
Paul Hardwick as Lord Capulet
Natasha Parry as Lady Capulet
Antonio Pierfederici as Lord Montague
Esmeralda Ruspoli as Lady Montague
Keith Skinner as Balthasar
Roberto Bisacco as Paris
Bruno Filippini as Leonardo, the singer (uncredited)
Laurence Olivier as Chorus and voice of Lord Montague (uncredited)
Production[edit]
Franco Zeffirelli and Olivia Hussey while filming Romeo and Juliet in 1967
Casting[edit]
It is often rumored that Franco Zeffirelli considered Paul McCartney of The Beatles for the role of Romeo. Although Zeffirelli does not mention it in his autobiography, McCartney provided plenty of details on this account (including meeting with Olivia Hussey and exchanging telegrams with her) in his co-written autobiography. [5]
The director engaged in a worldwide search for unknown teenage actors to play the parts of the two lovers. Leonard Whiting was 17 at the time, and Olivia Hussey was 16, and Zeffirelli adapted the play in such a way as to play to their strengths and hide their weaknesses: for instance, long speeches were trimmed, and he emphasized reaction shots.[6]
Laurence Olivier's involvement in the production was by happenstance. He was in Rome to film The Shoes of the Fisherman and visited the studio where Romeo and Juliet was being shot. He asked Zeffirelli if there was anything he could do, and was given the Prologue to read, then ended up dubbing the voice of Lord Montague as well as other assorted roles.[6]
Filming locations[edit]
Set in a 14th-century Renaissance Italy in varying locations:[7]
The balcony scene: At the Palazzo Borghese, built by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in the 16th century, in Artena, 40 km southeast of Rome.
The interior church scenes: At a Romanesque church named St. Pietro Somaldi in, Lucca, Tuscania, 90 km northwest of Rome.
The tomb scene: Also in Tuscania.
The palace of the Capulets' scenes: At Palazzo Piccolomini, built between 1459–62 by Pope Pius II, in the city of Pienza, in Siena province.
The dueling scenes with swords were set in the old Umbrian town of Gubbio.
The film also has some scenes filmed in Montagnana.
The street scenes: Also in Pienza, and on Cinecitta Studios back lot, Rome.
Reception[edit]
The film earned $14.5 million in domestic rentals at the North American box office during 1969.[8] It was re-released in 1973 and earned $1.7 million in rentals.[9]
Film critic Roger Ebert has written: "I believe Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet is the most exciting film of Shakespeare ever made".[10]
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 'Fresh' score of 94% based on 36 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10; it is accompanied by the consensus: "The solid leads and arresting visuals make a case for Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet as the definitive cinematic adaptation of the play.".[11]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Academy Awards
Best Picture (Anthony Havelock-Allan, John Brabourne) – Nominated
Best Director (Franco Zeffirelli) – Nominated
Best Cinematography (Pasqualino De Santis) – Won
Best Costume Design (Danilo Donati) – Won
Golden Globe Awards
English-Language Foreign Film – Won
Best Director (Franco Zeffirelli) – Nominated
New Star of the Year – Actor (Leonard Whiting) – Won
New Star of the Year – Actress (Olivia Hussey) – Won
Best Original Score (Nino Rota) – Nominated
BAFTA Awards
Best Direction (Franco Zeffirelli) – Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role (John McEnery) – Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Pat Heywood) – Nominated
Best Film Music (Nino Rota) – Nominated
Best Production Design (Renzo Mongiardino) – Nominated
Best Costume Design (Danilo Donati) – Won
Best Editing (Reginald Mills) – Nominated
Other accolades for Romeo and Juliet included the David di Donatello and National Board of Review awards for Best Director for Zeffirelli, as well as appearing on the National Board of Review's Top Ten Films list for 1968.
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Romeo and Juliet (1968 film soundtrack)
Two releases of the score of the film, composed by Nino Rota, have been made.[12][13]
"Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet" The film's love theme was widely disseminated, notably in "Our Tune", a segment of BBC disc jockey Simon Bates's radio show. In addition, various versions of the theme have been recorded and released, including a highly successful one by Henry Mancini, whose instrumental rendition was a Number One success in the United States during June 1969.[14]
There are two different sets of English lyrics to the song.
The film's version is called "What Is a Youth?", featuring lyrics by Eugene Walter, and sung by Glen Weston. This version has been released on the complete score/soundtrack release.
An alternate version, called "A Time for Us", featuring lyrics by Larry Kusik and Eddie Snyder. This version has been recorded by Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams, among others. Josh Groban performed "Un Giorno Per Noi", an Italian version of "A Time for Us". Jonathan Antoine, classically trained tenor from Great Britain, performed "Un Giorno Per Noi" as one of the tracks on his second solo album, "Believe", which was released in August 2016. A third version is called "Ai Giochi Addio", featuring lyrics by Elsa Morante, and has been performed by opera singers such as Luciano Pavarotti and Natasha Marsh.
In popular culture[edit]
Thom Yorke cites the film as one of the inspirations for the Radiohead song "Exit Music (For a Film)", which was written specifically for the ending credits of the 1996 film William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet. Said Yorke, "I saw the Zeffirelli version when I was 13, and I cried my eyes out, because I couldn't understand why the morning after they shagged, they didn't just run away. The song is written for two people who should run away before all the bad stuff starts. A personal song."
Kevin and Paul go to see the film in the episode "Wayne on Wheels" in season three of The Wonder Years.
Celine Dion referenced this film, in particular the "hand dance" scene, in the video for her 1992 single "Nothing Broken but My Heart".
Japanese manga artist Rumiko Takahashi referenced the Zeffirelli film in two of her manga and anime works. In one episode of Urusei Yatsura, devious troublemaker Ryoko Mendou invites the series' male protagonist, Ataru Moroboshi, to have a "Romeo and Juliet" rendezvous with her, and wears a dress based on Hussey's from the film. Later, Takahashi's Ranma 1/2 featured a storyline in which the lead characters, Ranma Saotome and Akane Tendo, are cast as Romeo and Juliet in a production of the play at their high school. Takahashi designed Ranma and Akane's costumes for the play with Whiting and Hussey's outfits in the Zeffirelli film in mind.[15]
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Alexander Walker, Hollywood, England, Stein and Day, 1974 p399
Jump up ^ "Romeo and Juliet, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Adler, Renata (9 October 1968). "Movie Review – Romeo and Juliet (1968)". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (15 October 1968). "Romeo and Juliet". Chicago Sun Times. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Paul Du Noyer. Conversations with McCartney. New York: The Overlook Press. pg.: 138-139
^ Jump up to: a b Landazuri, Margarita "Romeo and Juliet (1968)" TCM.com
Jump up ^ Liner notes (back cover) from Romeo & Juliet: Original Soundtrack Recording, 1968, Capitol Records ST 2993
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1969", Variety, 7 January 1970 p 15
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, 9 January 1974 p 60
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (15 October 1968). "Romeo and Juliet". RogerEbert.com. Roger Ebert. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Romeo and Juliet (1968)". RottenTomatoes.com. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Romeo & Juliet: Nino Rota: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ "Nino Rota Romeo & Juliet Soundtrack HDtracks high resolution audiophile music downloads". HDtracks.com. 1999-12-04. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (1992). Billboard's Book Of #1 Hits (3rd ed.). New York, New York: Billboard Publications, Inc. p. 255. ISBN 0-8230-8298-9.
Jump up ^ The storyline spans chapters 74 through 77 of the manga and episode 39 of the anime titled Kissing Is Such Sweet Sorrow! The Taking of Akane's Lips. http://www.furinkan.com/ranma/misc/index.html
Further reading
"Virtuoso in Verona" — 1968 review in Time (magazine)
External links[edit]
Comprehensive webpage on Romeo & Juliet at the Wayback Machine (archive index), featuring magazine articles and film reviews (archived).
Romeo and Juliet on IMDb
Romeo and Juliet at the TCM Movie Database
Romeo and Juliet at AllMovie
show
v
t
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William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Characters
Romeo
Juliet
Mercutio
Tybalt
Benvolio
Friar Laurence
Nurse
Paris
Rosaline
Queen Mab
Atomy
Sources
The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet
Pyramus and Thisbe
Palace of Pleasure
Troilus and Criseyde
Ballets
Romeo and Juliet (1938, Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (1962, Cranko)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, MacMillan)
Romeo and Juliet (1977, Nureyev)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, Lavery)
Radio and Juliet (2005)
Romeo + Juliet (2007, Martins)
Romeo and Juliet (2008, Pastor)
Operas
Romeo und Julie (1776, Benda)
Giulietta e Romeo (1796, Zingarelli)
Giulietta e Romeo (1825, Vaccai)
I Capuleti e i Montecchi (1830, Bellini)
Gloria (1874, Cilea)
Roméo et Juliette (1867, Gounod)
A Village Romeo and Juliet (1907, Delius)
Romeo und Julia (1940, Sutermeister)
Romeo und Julia (1943, Blacher)
Musicals
The Belle of Mayfair (1906)
West Side Story (1957)
Once on This Island (1990)
Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine à l'Amour (2001)
Giulietta e Romeo (2007)
Classical
Beethoven's String Quartet No. 1 (c. 1800)
Roméo et Juliette (1839, Berlioz)
Romeo and Juliet (1870, Tchaikovsky)
On screen
1900
1908
1916 Metro Pictures
1916 Fox
1936
1953
1954
1955
1964
1968
1978 (TV)
1992 (TV)
1996
2006
2013
Film
adaptations
English
Beneath the 12-Mile Reef (1953)
Romanoff and Juliet (1961)
West Side Story (1961)
Gonks Go Beat (1965)
Lonesome Cowboys (1968)
Romie-0 and Julie-8 (TV; 1979)
The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (1982)
Valley Girl (1983)
Bullies (1986)
China Girl (1987)
Romeo.Juliet (1990)
Tromeo and Juliet (1996)
Love Is All There Is (1996)
Rose by Any Other Name... (1997)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (1999)
Romeo Must Die (2000)
Brooklyn Babylon (2001)
Pizza My Heart (TV; 2005)
West Bank Story (2005)
Life and Lyrics (2006)
Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss (2006)
Rome & Jewel (2006)
David & Fatima (2008)
The Cross Road (2008)
Vicious Circle (2008)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Private Romeo (2011)
Warm Bodies (2013)
Make Your Move (2013)
Romeo & Juliet (2013)
Hindi
Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988)
Saudagar (1991)
Kuch Tum Kaho Kuch Hum Kahein (2002)
Bollywood Queen (2002)
Ishaqzaade (2012)
Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013)
Issaq (2013)
Telugu
Maro Charitra (1978)
Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (1996)
Kalisundam Raa (2000)
Maro Charitra (2010)
Spanish
Romeo and Juliet (1940)
Los Tarantos (1963)
30:e november (Swedish/Spanish 1995)
Amar te duele (2002)
Italian
Fury of Johnny Kid (1967)
Ma che musica maestro (1971)
Portuguese
Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta (1979)
O Casamento de Romeu e Julieta (2005)
Other
Ambikapathy (Tamil 1937)
Les amants de Vérone (French 1949)
Romeo, Juliet and Darkness (Czech 1960)
The Phantom Lover (Mandarin 1995)
Chicken Rice War (Cantonese/English 2000)
Ondagona Baa (Kannada 2003)
Mamay (Ukrainian 2003)
The District! (Hungarian 2004)
In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet (2006)
The Bubble (Hebrew/Arabic 2006)
Priyatama (Marathi 2014)
Arshinagar (Bengali 2015)
Eeda (Malayalam 2017)
The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (Japanese 1981)
TV series
Sons and Daughters (1982)
Family and Friends (1990)
Villa Quintana (1995)
Yo amo a Paquita Gallego (1998)
Skin (2003)
A Touch Away (2006)
Dangerous (2007)
Romeo × Juliet (2007)
Romeo y Julieta (2007)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Harina de otro costal (2010)
Villa Quintana (2013)
Westside (2013 pilot)
Star-Crossed (2014)
Still Star-Crossed (2017)
Plays
Romanoff and Juliet (1956)
Romeo and Juliet (2013)
Songs
Lan và Điệp (1930s)
"Montagues and Capulets" (1935)
"Fever" (1956)
Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet (1968)
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper" (1976)
"Angelo" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1981)
"Cherish" (1989)
"Amor Prohibido" (1994)
"Kissing You" (1996)
"Exit Music" (1997)
"Starcrossed" (2004)
"Peut-être toi" (2006)
"Mademoiselle Juliette" (2007)
"Love Story" (2008)
"Love Me Again"
"Laal Ishq"
"Mor Bani Thanghat Kare"
"Nagada Sang Dhol"
"Ram Chahe Leela" (2013)
Albums
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Romeo + Juliet (1996)
Romeo & Julia (2006)
Tragic Lovers (2008)
Literature
Les Chouans
The Wandering Jew (1844)
The Stolen Dormouse (1941)
The Faraway Lurs (1963)
Romiette and Julio (2001)
New Moon (2006)
Warm Bodies (2010)
Art
Romeo and Juliet: the Tomb Scene (1790)
Romeo and Juliet (1978)
Phrases
"Star-crossed"
"A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"
Story within
a story
Nicholas Nickleby
1912 film
1947 film
1980 play
2001 film
2002 film
The Picture of Dorian Gray
1910 film
1913 film
1915 film
1916 film
1917 film
1918 film
1945 film
1976 TV special
2009 film
Harlequinade
W Juliet
"Nothing Broken but My Heart"
Panic Button
Bare: A Pop Opera
""Into the Light"
Bolji život
The Sky Is Everywhere
Pay as You Exit
The White Mercedes
She Died a Lady
"Moonshine River"
Rendez-vous
Fame
"I Am Unicorn"
The Frog Prince
Molly
Smart Girls Get What They Want
Tumbleweeds
"The Thief of Baghead"
The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke
Prince Charming
Km. 0
Phileine Says Sorry
Hamateur Night
"Say You'll Be Mine"
Into the Gauntlet
Wandering Son
K-On!
Foreign
stories
Adam Khan and Durkhanai
Tum Teav
Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
Solomon & Gaenor
Butterfly Lovers
Hani and Sheh Mureed
Lục Vân Tiên
film
Teav Aek
Layla and Majnun
Lovers of Teruel
film
Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie
Ishaqzaade
Other
Such Tweet Sorrow
Romeo and Juliet effect
After Juliet
"Upper West Side Story" (2012)
Millennium Dome Show
Inge Sylten and Heinz Drosihn
Boys Don't Cry
My Wedding and Other Secrets
Donkey in Lahore
Upside Down
Letters to Juliet
Sherlock Gnomes
Book:Romeo and Juliet
show
v
t
e
Films directed by Franco Zeffirelli
The Taming of the Shrew (1967)
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Brother Sun, Sister Moon (1972)
Jesus of Nazareth (1977)
The Champ (1979)
Endless Love (1981)
Pagliacci (1982)
Cavalleria rusticana (1982)
La Traviata (1983)
Otello (1986)
Young Toscanini (1988)
Hamlet (1990)
Sparrow (1993)
Jane Eyre (1996)
Tea with Mussolini (1999)
Callas Forever (2002)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romeo_and_Juliet_(1968_film)&oldid=854241773"
Categories:
English-language films
1968 films
British films
Italian films
Films scored by Nino Rota
1960s romantic drama films
Romantic period films
Films based on Romeo and Juliet
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award
Films directed by Franco Zeffirelli
Films shot in Rome
Films shot in Italy
Films set in Italy
Films set in the 15th century
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
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Paramount Pictures films
Hidden categories:
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Port Charlotte, Florida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Port Charlotte, Florida
City

Location in Charlotte County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 26°59′25″N 82°6′21″W / 26.99028°N 82.10583°W / 26.99028; -82.10583Coordinates: 26°59′25″N 82°6′21″W / 26.99028°N 82.10583°W / 26.99028; -82.10583
Country
United States
State
Florida
County
Charlotte
Area
• City
341.2 sq mi (883.7 km2)
• Land
298.7 sq mi (773.6 km2)
• Water
42.5 sq mi (110.1 km2)
Elevation
7 ft (2 m)
Population (2010)
• City
54,392
• Density
160/sq mi (62/km2)
• Metro
78,446
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC−5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC−4)
ZIP codes
33900-33999
Area code
941
FIPS code
12-58350[1]
GNIS feature ID
0289233[2]
Port Charlotte is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 54,392 at the 2010 census.[3] It is part of the Punta Gorda, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Port Charlotte was named to Forbes' list of "25 Best Places to Retire in 2015", listed among the ten best places in the United States to retire for the year 2012 by U.S. News & World Report,[4] and was ranked at #1 in CNNMoney.com's 2009 list of 25 Best Places to Retire.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography and climate
2.1 Murdock
3 Government
4 Demographics
5 Sports
6 Education
7 Library
7.1 History Timeline[18]
8 Notable people
9 See also
10 References
History[edit]
The first people to call the Port Charlotte area home were the nomadic Paleo-Indians as they chased big game such as woolly mammoth southward during the last ice age around 10,000 BC.[5] At the time, Port Charlotte was not a coastal area;[5] the peninsula of Florida was much wider than it is today and much drier. As the ice melted, the sea level rose and Florida assumed the shape and climate it has today and the Paleo-Indians gave way to the Calusa, the "shell people." The Calusa thrived on the southwest Florida coast and numbered over 50,000 when the first Spaniards reached the peninsula in the 16th century.[6] The arrival of the Europeans was devastating to the Calusa, as diseases such as smallpox and measles decimated the population. Eventually the Seminole would arrive from points to the north and establish themselves on the peninsula.[6]
In 1819, Florida was ceded by the Spanish and became a U.S. territory, and in 1845 Florida became the 27th state. For the first 100 years of statehood, the area around Port Charlotte was mostly undeveloped. Maps of the area at the turn of the 20th century show that most of the roads and railroads leading into southwest Florida had bypassed the Port Charlotte area.[7][8] Aside from some cattle ranches and small farming, the area was mostly uninhabited. This would change when the post-World War II boom opened people's eyes to the possibility of developing land in Florida.
In the 1950s, the now defunct General Development Corporation led by the Mackle brothers decided to take advantage of the Florida land boom and developed land primarily on both of Florida's coastlines. Among the areas they planned and developed was the Port Charlotte area. Ultimately, Port Charlotte became the most populous community in Charlotte County, although like most GDC developments, Port Charlotte remained an unincorporated community.
Port Charlotte was severely impacted by Hurricane Charley on August 13, 2004. The hurricane, predicted to hit Tampa as a Category 2 hurricane, took a last-minute right hand turn and intensified into a Category 4 storm as it made landfall near Charlotte Harbor and caused severe damage in the city of Punta Gorda and in the Port Charlotte area.[9] The storm's 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) maximum sustained winds destroyed almost half of the homes in the county and caused heavy ecological damage to sensitive wetlands in the area.[9][10]
Geography and climate[edit]
Charley making landfall
Port Charlotte is located at the north end of the Charlotte Harbor Estuary, northwest of the city of Punta Gorda. It is 100 miles (160 km) south of Tampa and 65 miles (105 km) north of Naples. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 32.3 square miles (83.7 km2), of which 28.4 square miles (73.6 km2) is land and 3.9 square miles (10.1 km2) (12.01%), is water.[3]
Port Charlotte has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) bordering on a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification: Aw).[11] The summers are long, hot and humid with frequent afternoon thunderstorms. The winters are mild to warm with a pronounced drop in precipitation. Year round, the diurnal temperature change averages around 20 degrees Fahrenheit (11 degrees Celsius).
[hide]Climate data for Port Charlotte, Florida
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
89
(32) 92
(33) 93
(34) 94
(34) 98
(37) 102
(39) 99
(37) 99
(37) 95
(35) 94
(34) 93
(34) 89
(32) 102
(39)
Average high °F (°C)
75
(24) 77
(25) 80
(27) 84
(29) 89
(32) 92
(33) 92
(33) 92
(33) 91
(33) 87
(31) 81
(27) 76
(24) 84.7
(29.3)
Average low °F (°C)
52
(11) 54
(12) 57
(14) 61
(16) 66
(19) 72
(22) 74
(23) 74
(23) 73
(23) 67
(19) 60
(16) 54
(12) 63.7
(17.5)
Record low °F (°C)
23
(−5) 27
(−3) 29
(−2) 38
(3) 49
(9) 57
(14) 63
(17) 65
(18) 61
(16) 45
(7) 28
(−2) 25
(−4) 23
(−5)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
2.21
(56.1) 2.31
(58.7) 2.71
(68.8) 1.70
(43.2) 3.15
(80) 8.45
(214.6) 7.78
(197.6) 7.82
(198.6) 6.75
(171.5) 3.12
(79.2) 1.87
(47.5) 1.77
(45) 49.64
(1,260.8)
Source: The Weather Channel[12]
Murdock[edit]
The area of northwestern Port Charlotte where State Road 776 intersects US 41 is also known as Murdock.
Government[edit]
Since Port Charlotte is unincorporated, it is governed by the government of Charlotte County. The county is governed by a 5-person county commission. They take turns rotating into the commission chair position every year. County commissioners frequently sit on other regional boards involving other municipalities and counties.
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1960 3,197 —
1970 10,789 237.5%
1980 25,770 138.9%
1990 41,535 61.2%
2000 46,451 11.8%
2010 54,392 17.1%
source:[13]
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 46,451 people, 20,453 households, and 13,601 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,085.9/sq mi (805.3/km²). There were 23,315 housing units at an average density of 1,047.0/sq mi (404.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.23% White, 6.53% African American, 0.28% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.18% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.16% of the population.
There were 20,453 households out of which 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.71.
In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 18.7% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 30.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
According to Sperling's Best Places, as of July 2015 the family median income in Port Charlotte was $48,911, and household income was $40,049. The per capita income was $22,681. Port Charlotte's unemployment rate was 5.50%, compared to 6.30% for the United States overall.
Sports[edit]
Port Charlotte is home to the Charlotte Stone Crabs, which is a member of the Florida State League and Class High-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays, which also hold its spring training at Charlotte Sports Park. The Rays also hold extended spring training in Port Charlotte, and have a Gulf Coast League team beginning play in June 2009.
The Port Charlotte Invitational was a golf tournament held in 1969 at the Port Charlotte Golf & Country Club on the LPGA Tour.[14] Kathy Whitworth won the event.
Education[edit]
Public schools in Port Charlotte are operated by Charlotte County Public Schools.[15] For the 2007-08 school year, all schools in Port Charlotte received A's from the Florida Department of Education.[16] Port Charlotte High School is the only public high school located in Port Charlotte, but not the only high school in Charlotte County.[17] Southern Technical College operates a campus in Port Charlotte.
Library[edit]
The Mid-County Regional Library and the Port Charlotte Library are located in Port Charlotte. They are included in the Charlotte County Library System.
History Timeline[18][edit]
1961 – Port Charlotte Library was established
1963 – The Port Charlotte, Punta Gorda, and Englewood Public Libraries joined and formed the Charlotte County System
1968 – The Port Charlotte Library moved to the Cultural Center of Charlotte County, the present location
1985 – The Murdock Library was established as the library system administrative facility
1996 – The Charlotte County Library System updated circulation with an automated catalog system
2005 – Murdock Public Library moved to the new Mid-County Regional Library facility
Notable people[edit]
Vinnie Fiorello, drummer–lyricist of the band Less Than Jake; attended Port Charlotte High School[19]
John Hall, former kicker for New York Jets and Washington Redskins; born in Port Charlotte and attended Port Charlotte High School[20]
Vincent Hancock, Olympic gold medalist skeet shooter at 2008 Summer Olympics; born in Port Charlotte
Anthony Hargrove, defensive end in NFL; attended Port Charlotte High School[21]
David Holmberg, pitcher for Chicago White Sox; born in Port Charlotte and attended Port Charlotte High School
Matt LaPorta, left fielder for Cleveland Indians; born in Port Charlotte and attended Port Charlotte High School
Asher Levine, Fashion Designer located in NYC ; attended Port Charlotte High School
See also[edit]
Florida portal
North Port, Florida
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Port Charlotte CDP, Florida". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ The 10 Best Places to Retire in 2012
^ Jump up to: a b Milanich, J. "Florida's indians from ancient times to the present". University of Florida. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Calusa: "The Shell Indians"". University of South Florida. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "Charlotte County Maps". University of South Florida. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "DeSoto County Maps". University of South Florida. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "Final USGS Report on Hurricane Charley" (PDF). USGS. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "Hurricane Charley may be gone, but it's no mere memory here". The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "Monthly Averages for Port Charlotte, Florida". The Weather Channel Interactive, Inc. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
Jump up ^ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
Jump up ^ LPGA Tournament Chronology 1960-1969
Jump up ^ "2008/2009 Elementary School Boundaries". Charlotte County Public Schools. Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
Jump up ^ "School Accountability Report (for Deep Creek Elementary, Kingsway Elementary, Liberty Elementary, Meadow Park Elementary, Murdock Middle, Neil Armstrong Elementary, Port Charlotte High, and Port Charlotte Middle in the 2007-08 school year)". Florida Department of Education. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Secondary Education – High School". Charlotte County Public Schools. Archived from the original on 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
Jump up ^ Edited by Houck (2011). Historic Charlotte County: An Illustrated History. A Publication of the Charlotte County Historical Center Society, Historical Publishing Network. ISBN 9781935377337. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Less Than Jake". Times Union. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ "John Hall". CBS Sports. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Tony Hargrove past Stats, Statistics, History and Awards". Databasefootball.com. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
[show]
v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Charlotte County, Florida, United States
County seat: Punta Gorda
City
Punta Gorda
CDPs
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Cleveland
Englewood‡
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Manasota Key
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Unincorporated
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Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 134884222
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Charlotte,_Florida&oldid=823417651"
Categories:
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Pacific Islander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands. For other indigenous peoples, see List of indigenous peoples. For the rugby union team, see Pacific Islanders rugby union team.
Pacific Islanders originate from countries within the Oceanic regions of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia.
New Zealand is uniquely within Australasia as well as Polynesia, and its majority European and native Māori populations are not considered Pacific Islanders.
Pacific Islanders or Pasifikas are the peoples of the Pacific Islands. It is a geographic term to describe the inhabitants of any of the three major sub-regions of Oceania: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. These people speak various Austronesian languages.
New Zealand has the largest concentration of Pacific Islanders in the world. However, the majority of its people are not identified as Pacific Islanders—instead during the 20th century the country has seen a steady stream of immigration from Polynesian countries such as Samoa, Tonga, the Cook Islands, Niue and French Polynesia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Pacific Islander regions
1.1 Polynesia
1.2 Melanesia
1.3 Micronesia
2 Ethnolinguistics
3 Usage of phrase by country
3.1 Australia
3.2 New Zealand
3.3 United States
4 List of Pacific peoples
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
9 External links
Pacific Islander regions[edit]
See also: Pacific Islands
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, the Pacific islands consist of three regions:
Polynesia[edit]
The islands scattered across a triangle covering the east-central region of the Pacific Ocean. The triangle is bound by the Hawaiian Islands in the north, New Zealand in the west, and Easter Island in the east. The rest of Polynesia includes the Samoan islands (American Samoa and Western Samoa), the Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti and The Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago), Niue Island, Tokelau and Tuvalu, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, and Pitcairn Island.
Melanesia[edit]
The island of New Guinea, the Bismarck and Louisiade archipelagos, the Admiralty Islands, Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, Aru Islands, the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands (part of the Solomon Islands), New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides), Fiji, Norfolk Island, and various smaller islands.
Micronesia[edit]
The islands of Kiribati, Nauru, the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Palau, and the Federated States of Micronesia (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae, all in the Caroline Islands). Sometimes Micronesia as East Asia
The Pacific islands may also refer to any of the other islands in the Pacific Ocean.
Ethnolinguistics[edit]
Ethnolinguistically, those Pacific islanders who reside in Oceania are divided into two different ethnic classifications.
Austronesian language peoples
Austronesian peoples who speak the Oceanian languages, numbering about 2.3 million, who occupy Polynesia, Micronesia, and most of the smaller islands of Melanesia.
Papuan language peoples
Papuan peoples, those who speak the Papuan languages, who number about 7 million, and reside on the island of New Guinea and a few of the smaller islands of Melanesia located off the northeast coast of New Guinea.[1]
Usage of phrase by country[edit]
Australia[edit]
In Australia the term South Sea Islander was used to describe Australian descendants of people from the more than 80 islands in the western Pacific who had been brought to Australia to work on the sugar fields of Queensland,[2] in the 19th century called Kanakas. The Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 was enacted to restrict entry of Pacific Islanders to Australia and to authorise their deportation. In the legislation Pacific Islanders were defined as:
"Pacific Island Labourer" includes all natives not of European extraction of any island except the islands of New Zealand situated in the Pacific Ocean beyond the Commonwealth [of Australia] as constituted at the commencement of this Act.[3]
In 2008 a Pacific Seasonal Worker Pilot Scheme was announced as a three-year pilot scheme.[4] The scheme provides visas for workers from Kiribati, Tonga, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea to work in Australia.[5] The pilot scheme includes one country each from Melanesia (Vanuatu), Polynesia (Tonga) and Micronesia (Kiribati), countries which already send workers to New Zealand under its seasonal labour scheme. Australia's pilot scheme also includes Papua New Guinea.[6][7]
New Zealand[edit]
Further information: Samoan New Zealanders, Tongan New Zealanders, and List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders
Cook Island dancers at Auckland's Pasifika Festival, 2010
Local usage in New Zealand uses "Pacific islander" (or Pasifika) to distinguish those who have emigrated from one of these areas in modern times from the indigenous New Zealand Māori, who are also Polynesian but arrived in New Zealand centuries earlier.
In the 2013 New Zealand census, 7.4 percent of the New Zealand population identified with one or more Pacific ethnic groups, although 62.3 percent of these were born in New Zealand.[8] Those with a Samoan background make up the largest proportion, followed by Cook Islands Maori, Tongan, and Niuean.[8] Some smaller island populations such as Niue and Tokelau have the majority of their nationals living in New Zealand.[9]
To celebrate the diverse Pacific island cultures, the Auckland region hosts several Pacific island festivals. Two of the major ones are Polyfest, which showcases performances of the secondary school cultural groups in the Auckland region,[10] and Pasifika, a festival that celebrates Pacific island heritage through traditional food, music, dance, and entertainment.[11]
United States[edit]
According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates Program (PEP), a "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" is "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands. It includes people who indicate their race as 'Native Hawaiian', 'Guamanian or "Chamorro', 'Samoan', and 'Other Pacific Islander' or provide other detailed Pacific Islander responses."[12]
According to the Office of Management and Budget, "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
The term Pacific Islands American is used for ethnic Pacific islander residents in U.S. states, and in the territories of the United States in the region.[13]
List of Pacific peoples[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2008)
Austronesian-speaking peoples
Polynesians
Western Polynesian-Melanesian region
Samoans
Fijians Lauan Group
Rotumans
Uveans
Futunans
Tokelauans
Tongans
Tuvaluans
Niueans
Northeast & South Polynesian region
Hawaiians
Māori
Tahitians
Tuamotuans
Tubuai
Rapans
Marquesans
Gambier Islanders
Cook Islanders
Rapanui
Melanesians
'Are'are people
Kanak people
Kwaio people
Motuan people
Ni-Vanuatu
Fijians
Micronesians
Marshallese
Palauans
Carolinians
Chamorros
Chuukese
Yapese
Kosraens
Pohnpeians
Nauruans
See also[edit]
Polynesian people
Austronesian peoples
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
Pacific Islands Americans
Indigenous peoples of Oceania
Indigenous Australians
Australian Aborigines
Taiwanese Aborigines
Tasmanian Aborigines
Blackbirding
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pacific Islands on Encyclopædia Britannica".
Jump up ^ "South Sea Islander Project". ABC Radio Regional Production Fund. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2004. Retrieved 2008-08-27. Recognition for Australian South Sea Islanders (ASSI) has been a long time coming. It was not until 1994 that the federal government recognized them as a distinct ethnic group with their own history and culture and not until September 2000 that the Queensland government made a formal statement of recognition.
Jump up ^ "Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 (Cth)" (PDF). Documenting a Democracy. National Archives of Australia. 1901. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
Jump up ^ Australian Institute of Criminology: Australia's Pacific Seasonal Worker Pilot Scheme: Managing vulnerabilities to exploitation
Jump up ^ "Pacific guestworker scheme to start this year". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Seasonal Worker Pilot Scheme is more proof of Australia's new Pacific focus" (Press release). The Hon Duncan Kerr SC MP; Parliamentary Secretary for Pacific Island Affairs. 2008-08-20.
Jump up ^ Australian classification standards code Pacific islanders, Oceanians, South Sea islanders, and Australasians all with code 1000, i.e., identically. This coding can be broken down into the finer classification of 1,100 Australian Peoples; 1,200 New Zealand peoples; 1,300 Melanesian and Papuan; 1,400 Micronesian; 1,500 Polynesian. There is no specific coding therefore for "Pacific islander". "Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG) - 2nd edition" (pdf - 136 pages). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005-07-07. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pacific peoples ethnic group", 2013 Census. Statistics New Zealand. Accessed on 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Smelt, and Lin, 1998
Jump up ^ "Polyfest NCEA credits / Pasifika Education Plan / Home - Pasifika". Te Kete Ipurangi (TKI). Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Thousands turn out for Pasifika Festival". Radio New Zealand. 25 March 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130403171145/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_RHI525211.htm. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Gary Y. Okihiro, American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders (University of California Press, 2015). xiv, 499 pp.
Further reading[edit]
Lal, B., & Fortune, K. (Eds.). (2000). The Pacific Islands: An encyclopedia. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
Okihiro, Gary Y. American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders (University of California Press, 2015). xiv, 499 pp.
Smelt, R., & Lin, Y. (1998). Cultures of the world: New Zealand. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark
Thomas, Nicholas, Islanders: The Pacific in the Age of Empire, Yale University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-12438-5
External links[edit]
Statistics New Zealand . Retrieved March 21, 2013.
External links[edit]
Asian Pacific Americans in the U.S. Army
Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander Association
[show]
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Culture of indigenous Oceania
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
Art
Ahu
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kapa (Hawaiʻi)
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Geo-specific,
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Torres Strait Islands
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
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Weriyeng navigation school
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Alingano Maisu
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Drua
Dugout (boat)
Hawaiʻiloa
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Kaep
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Outrigger
Paraw
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Proa
Vinta
Waka
list
Walap
Dance
'Aparima
cibi
fara
fire dancing
firewalking
haka
hivinau
hula
kailao
kapa haka
Kiribati
meke
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pa'o'a
poi
Rotuma
siva
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tāmūrē
tautoga
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'upa'upa
Festivals
Australia
Garma Festival
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Aloha Festivals
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World Invitational Hula Festival
Fiji
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Pasifika Festival
The Pacific Community
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by area
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Mythology
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Research
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People
Indigneous Australian
Austronesian
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Chamorro
Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)
Fijian (iTaukei)
Igorot
Hawaiian (kānaka maoli)
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Melanesian
Micronesian
Negrito
Norfolk Islander
Papuan
Polynesian
Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
Rapa Nui
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