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Joe Louis Arena
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Joe Louis Arena
The Joe
Address
19 Steve Yzerman Drive
Location
Detroit, Michigan
Coordinates
42°19′31″N 83°3′5″W / 42.32528°N 83.05139°W / 42.32528; -83.05139Coordinates: 42°19′31″N 83°3′5″W / 42.32528°N 83.05139°W / 42.32528; -83.05139
Owner
City of Detroit
Operator
Olympia Entertainment
Capacity
Ice hockey:
19,275 (1979–1989)
19,875 (1989–1996)
19,983 (1996–2000)
19,995 (2000–2001)
20,058 (2001–2003)
20,066 (2003–2014)
20,027 (2014–2017)
Basketball: 20,153
Concerts: 21,666[1]
Construction
Broke ground
May 16, 1977[2]
Opened
December 12, 1979
Closed
July 30, 2017
Construction cost
US$57 million
($192 million in 2017 dollars[3])
Architect
SmithGroupJJR
General contractor
Barton Malow[4]
Tenants
Detroit Red Wings (NHL) (1979–2017)
Detroit Pistons (NBA) (1985)
Detroit Drive (AFL) (1988–1993)
Detroit Turbos (MILL) (1989–1994)
Detroit Compuware Ambassadors (OHL) (1991–92)
Detroit Junior Red Wings (OHL) (1992–1995)
Detroit Rockers (NPSL) (1996–2000)
Inside Joe Louis Arena.
The retired numbers of former Detroit Red Wings players displayed at Joe Louis Arena.
Panorama of Joe Louis Arena in April 2008.
The Detroit Shock practice at Joe Louis Arena before Game 5 of the 2006 WNBA Finals.
Joe Louis Arena is a defunct multi-purpose arena located in Detroit, Michigan. Completed in 1979 at a cost of $57 million as a replacement for the Detroit Olympia, it sits adjacent to Cobo Center on the bank of the Detroit River and is accessible via the Joe Louis Arena station on the Detroit People Mover. The venue is named after former heavyweight champion boxer Joe Louis, who grew up in Detroit.
It was the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League.[5] The second oldest NHL venue after Madison Square Garden, Joe Louis Arena is owned by the city of Detroit, and operated by Olympia Entertainment, a subsidiary of team owner Ilitch Holdings.[6]
In April 2017, the Red Wings hosted their final game at Joe Louis Arena; the venue was succeeded by the new Little Caesars Arena, in Midtown Detroit, for the 2017-18 season. Joe Louis Arena will be demolished, and its site slated for redevelopment. The arena closed on July 30, 2017. The Joe was scheduled to begin demolition in September but Olympia renewed the lease of the arena with the city and are using The Joe as storage and offices until November. Olympia Entertainment is moving out in November and demolition can begin as early as December.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Replacement
2 Other tenants and events
3 In popular culture
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Joe Louis Arena replaced the Detroit Olympia, where the Detroit Red Wings had played since 1927. The neighborhood around the Olympia had gradually deteriorated, especially after the 1967 Detroit riot. After two murders took place near the Olympia, Red Wings owner Bruce Norris seriously considered moving to a proposed arena in suburban Pontiac. However, the city of Detroit countered with a proposal for a new riverfront arena at one-third of the rent Pontiac was offering. The package also gave the Red Wings operational control of both the arena, nearby Cobo Arena and nearby lots.
The arena hosted its first event on December 12, 1979: a college basketball game between the University of Michigan and the University of Detroit.[citation needed] The Red Wings played their first game at Joe Louis Arena on December 27, 1979, hosting the St. Louis Blues.[7] Later that first season it hosted the 32nd NHL All-Star Game on February 5, 1980,[8] which was played before a then-NHL record crowd of 21,002. Joe Louis Arena was the site of the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, which marked the first NHL Entry Draft to be held in the United States. In 1980, the arena hosted the Republican National Convention where Ronald Reagan was nominated as the Republican candidate for President of the United States.
The electronic scoreboard at Joe Louis Arena, during a game between the Detroit Red Wings and the Los Angeles Kings on March 9, 2007
In 1990, color matrix boards were installed on the scoreboard; these were replaced by four Sony JumboTron video walls three years later, when the matrix boards were placed in the corners of the fascia. In 2006, LED video screens replaced the JumboTrons. The screens debuted November 22, 2006, when the Red Wings played the Vancouver Canucks. That same day, the arena's West Entrance was named the "Gordie Howe Entrance" in honor of the legendary Red Wing player, and a bronze statue of Howe was placed inside the entrance. Joe Louis Arena currently houses 86 premium suites.[9] In 2008, the arena introduced the Comerica Bank Legend's Club, a 181-person private seating location in the southeast corner of the arena.[5]
Replacement[edit]
Main article: Little Caesars Arena
On July 20, 2014, following the July 2013 approval of a $650 million project to build a new sports and entertainment district in Downtown Detroit,[10][11] Christopher Ilitch unveiled designs for a new arena near Comerica Park and Ford Field which was completed in 2017 and succeeded Joe Louis Arena as the home of the Red Wings.[12] On October 16, 2014, lawyers involved in the ongoing Detroit bankruptcy case disclosed in court that after demolition (which will be paid for by the city and state), the land on which the arena currently stands, along with an adjacent parking lot, will be transferred to the Financial Guaranty Insurance Company (FGIC), a bond insurer with a $1 billion claim against the city.[13]
The Red Wings' final game at Joe Louis Arena was played on April 9, 2017 against the New Jersey Devils. The Red Wings won 4-1, the final goal in the arena's history coming from Red Wing Riley Sheahan. It was the second of two he scored, which were also the only goals he scored at all during the 2016-17 season.[14][15] The last ticketed event held at The Joe was a WWE Live Event, held on July 29, 2017.
Other tenants and events[edit]
In 1995, the Detroit Junior Red Wings won the Ontario Hockey League's J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Guelph Storm.
Joe Louis Arena hosted college hockey events as part of College Hockey at The Joe, the Great Lakes Invitational, and the Big Ten Conference hockey tournament in 2015 and 2017.[16]
The Detroit Pistons of the NBA used the arena for Game 5 of their 1984 playoff series against the New York Knicks when the Pontiac Silverdome was unavailable due to a scheduling conflict. In the game, Pistons star Isiah Thomas scored 16 points in the final 1:34 of regulation to send the game into overtime before the Pistons lost. The Pistons were forced to return to Joe Louis Arena for 15 games during the 1984–85 season, after the roof of the Silverdome collapsed during a snowstorm.
The Detroit Red Wings of the NHL hosted the Stanley Cup Finals at the arena six times (1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, and 2009), and won two of their Stanley Cup championships at Joe Louis Arena in 1997 and 2002. The 1998 Stanley Cup championship was won in Washington, D.C.'s MCI Center and the 2008 championship was won in Pittsburgh's Mellon Arena. The Red Wings lost in the Finals to New Jersey in 1995 at the Meadowlands Arena and lost on home ice in the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals to Pittsburgh.
Joe Louis Arena was the site of the decisive Game 5 of the 2006 WNBA Finals between the Sacramento Monarchs and Detroit Shock on September 9, due to The Palace of Auburn Hills (the Shock's usual home arena) already being used for a Mariah Carey concert on the same day. The Shock won the game 80–75 to clinch the championship.
Former Arena Football League team the Detroit Drive also had success during their time at the arena, playing in six consecutive ArenaBowls from 1988 to 1993 and winning four of them. Four of the games (ArenaBowl III, ArenaBowl IV, ArenaBowl V and ArenaBowl VII) were played in Joe Louis Arena.
Joe Louis Arena was the site of the 2013 edition of the Skate America figure skating competition. In addition, Joe Louis Arena hosted the 1994 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, best known for the pre-competition attack on Nancy Kerrigan by associates of Tonya Harding.
It was announced on May 7, 2015, that the Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament would be held in Detroit beginning in 2016 under a five-year deal; the 2016 and 2017 tournaments were held at Joe Louis Arena.[17]
In addition, Joe Louis Arena was also a concert venue. Until the Palace of Auburn Hills was built in 1988, Joe Louis Arena was Michigan's largest indoor arena for concerts. The first concert to take place there occurred on February 17, 1980,[18] in which Max Webster opened for the Canadian rock group Rush. To compensate for most of Joe Louis Arena's concert business being moved north following the opening of the Palace, the Red Wings began a tradition of playing a home game on New Year's Eve. Aside from lockouts cancelling part or all of the 1994–95, 2004–05, and 2012–13 seasons, the Red Wings left the New Year's Eve date open in years they were scheduled to participate in the NHL Winter Classic. For New Year's Eve 2012 and 2013, the Zac Brown Band held concerts at the Joe. The 2012 date was already open due to the planned 2013 Winter Classic that was postponed by lockout until 2014.
In popular culture[edit]
In the 2015 film, Straight Outta Compton, N.W.A performed at the Joe Louis Arena during their national tour in 1989, but midway through playing "Fuck tha Police", gunshots caused panic in the audience, and forced N.W.A out of the venue. Riots outside occurred, and the entire group of N.W.A was arrested.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Arena Info: General Information". The Detroit Red Wings. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Begin Work on Stadium". The Ludington Daily News. May 17, 1977. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "JLA Construction". Detroit Red Wings. October 1, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Wojnowski, Bob (August 10, 2010). "Competitive Spirit Makes Mike Ilitch Perfect Fit for Pistons". The Detroit News. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "About Olympia Entertainment". Retrieved July 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Khan, Ansar (December 26, 2009). "Red Wings Celebrate 30th Anniversary of Joe Louis Arena". Michigan Live. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "NHL All-Star Game Summaries/Results by Year". National Hockey League. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Joe Louis Arena". Ballparks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Muller, David (July 24, 2013). "$650 Million Detroit Red Wings Arena Project Clears Another Public Financing Hurdle". MLive. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Shea, Bill (June 19, 2013). "DDA, Red Wings Unveil $650 Million Arena and Entertainment Complex". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Detroit Rink City: Ilitches' grand plan to supersize the entertainment district". Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Detroit bankruptcy deal: Joe Louis Arena site to go to creditor for hotel development". MILive.com. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Watch Red Wings' Riley Sheahan end 79-game drought with first goal". MLive. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "What slump? Riley Sheahan scores two goals in Joe Louis Arena finale". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Sipple, George (September 24, 2014). "New Detroit Arena Will Be in Mix to Host Many Events". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Moving Horizon League tourney to Detroit is all about branding". Detroit News. Digital First Media. May 7, 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "February 17th, 1980 Rush ticket stub". Archived from the original on 2016-04-15.
External links[edit]
Metro Detroit portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joe Louis Arena.
Official website
Video review of Joe Louis Arena
Red Wings Deal is a Catch 22 – Detroit Free Press Article
[show]Events and tenants
Preceded by
Detroit Olympia Home of the Detroit Red Wings
1979–2017 Succeeded by
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Preceded by
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1980 Succeeded by
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Preceded by
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1985 Succeeded by
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Preceded by
Providence Civic Center Host of the Frozen Four
1987 Succeeded by
Olympic Center
Preceded by
Saint Paul Civic Center Host of the Frozen Four
1990 Succeeded by
Saint Paul Civic Center
Preceded by
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2009 Succeeded by
Philips Arena
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Something old
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the bridal rhyme. For the "How I Met Your Mother" episode, see Something Old.
"Something old, something new" redirects here. For other uses, see Something old, something new (disambiguation).
"Something Blue" redirects here. For other uses, see Something Blue (disambiguation).
Items chosen to bring good luck to the bride. In this case, the veil was borrowed and the handkerchief was new.
"Something old" is the first line of a traditional rhyme which details what a bride should wear at her wedding for good luck:
Something old,
something new,
something borrowed,
something blue,
and a silver sixpence in her shoe.
The old item provided protection for the baby to come. The item borrowed from another happy bride provided good luck. The colour blue was a sign of fidelity. The sixpence — a silver British coin — was a symbol of prosperity or acted as a ward against evil done by frustrated suitors. The superstition is known since 1883 when it was attributed to the county of Lancashire.[1] An 1898 compilation of English folklore recounted that:
In this country an old couplet directs that the bride shall wear:— "Something old, something new, Something borrowed, something blue." "The something blue" takes, I am given to understand, usually the form of a garter, an article of dress which plays an important part in some wedding rites, as, for instance, in the old custom of plucking off the garter of the bride. "The something old" and "something blue" are devices to baffle the Evil Eye. The usual effect on the bride of the Evil Eye is to render her barren, and this is obviated by wearing "something borrowed", which should properly be the undergarment of some woman who has been blessed with children: the clothes communicate fertility to the bride.[2]
Another compilation of the era frames this poem as "a Lancashire version", as contrast against a Leicestershire recitation that "a bride on her wedding day should wear—'Something new, Something blue, Something borrowed'...", and so omits the "something old". The authors note that this counters other regional folklore warning against the wearing of blue on the wedding day, but relates the use of the color to phrases like "true blue" which make positive associations with the color.[3]
The rhyme can earlier be found in an 1876 edition of Notes and Queries,[4] and is called an "ancient custom" in another 1876 book, Bye-gones, Relating to Wales and the Border Counties.[5] This version is referenced as well in an 1871 short story, "Marriage Superstitions, and the Miseries of a Bride Elect", in The St. James's Magazine.[6]
At the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the bride had:
something old – Carrickmacross lace[7][8]
something new – a pair of diamond earrings made by jewellers Robinson Pelham and given by her parents[7][8]
something borrowed – a diamond tiara made by Cartier which had been bought for the Queen Mother and which was subsequently given to the Queen on her 18th birthday[7][8]
something blue – a ribbon sewn into the dress[7][8]
In popular culture[edit]
In the Friends episode "The One in Vegas", Monica says to Chandler she needs 'Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue' so they can get married. They got a new, blue sweater stolen from the shop (borrowed) and Chandler's old condom. In a later episode when Phoebe gets married in the episode, "The One With Phoebe's Wedding", when Phoebe decides not to wear her coat while getting married outside in the snow, she said that "I can be my something blue", suggesting that she might go blue with coldness.
In the Grey's Anatomy episode "White Wedding", Callie Torres asks to borrow something from Sloan Riley, saying that she already has something old, new and blue, in preparation for her wedding.
The final two episodes of Season 2 of How I Met Your Mother are titled "Something Borrowed" and "Something Blue" in reference to the wedding occurring between the characters Marshall and Lily on the show. The final two episodes of Season 8 of How I Met Your Mother are titled "Something Old" and "Something New" in reference to the wedding occurring between the characters Barney and Robin on the show.
In the 3rd Rock from the Sun episode "A Dick on One Knee" Harry is tasked with finding something old, something new; something borrowed, and something blue, his second attempt is "Blind Joe", an old man who plays the blues that he borrowed from the Tip-Top Club. When Sally asks Harry what's new about him, Harry says Joe is his new friend. [9]
In the Doctor Who episode "The Big Bang", the Doctor connects the four elements to his TARDIS, which is "borrowed", and "brand new and ancient, and the bluest blue ever". In the same episode at Amy Pond's wedding, she recites this saying to help remember the Doctor (excluding the line "And a silver sixpence in her shoe"), who had previously been erased from time. As she finishes her speech, wind begins blowing in the hall and several seconds later the TARDIS starts materializing right in the middle of it, and the Doctor—not imaginary, but flesh and blood—steps outside into the hall.
The ninth episode of series two of Torchwood is entitled "Something Borrowed" in reference to the wedding occurring between the characters Gwen Cooper and Rhys Williams on the show.
In Thomas The Tank Engine, Seasion 5, Episode 19 "Happy Ever After", Percy is taking some trucks to Brendam Docks, when Terence, working in a field next to the line tells him Mrs. Kyndley's daughter is getting married. Further up the line, Mrs. Kyndley waves him down when Percy's driver asks her what's wrong, Mrs. Kyndley has forgotten the good luck package . The something old was Old Slow Coach, the something new was some shiny new set of buffers, the something borrowed was a flat bed truck the buffers were on, and the something blue was Thomas. The delighted bride thanks the engines and gives Percy a kiss.
In the penultimate episode "We're Planning a June Wedding" of the popular series The Vampire Diaries, the lead character Caroline Forbes receives a card reading "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue" and during the episode she receives items which signify the phrase for her wedding. Something Old from Stefan, Elena's necklace (Something Borrowed), Floral-looking headband from Bonnie (Something New) and Katherine's Necklace(Something Blue).
See also[edit]
Something old, something new (disambiguation)
Something New (disambiguation)
Something Borrowed (disambiguation)
Something Blue (disambiguation)
Old New Borrowed Blue
Old New Borrowed and Blue
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gregory B. Coe (1998), "Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Recent Developments in Pretrial and Trial Procedure", The Army Lawyer
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Joseph; Nutt, Alfred Trübner; Wright, Arthur Robinson (1898), Folklore, Folklore Society of Great Britain, p. 128 .
Jump up ^ Firminger, Thomas; Dyer, Thiselton (1905), Folk-lore of women as illustrated by legendary and traditionary tales, p. 45 .
Jump up ^ White, William (1876), Notes and Queries, p. 408 .
Jump up ^ Bye-gones, Relating to Wales and the Border Counties, 3, 1876, p. 136 .
Jump up ^ "Marriage Superstitions, and the Miseries of a Bride Elect", The St. James's Magazine, 28: 549, 1871 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kate Middleton's bridal dress designed by Sarah Burton, BBC, 29 April 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gripper, Ann (29 April 2011), "Kate Middleton's something old, new, borrowed and blue for royal wedding revealed", Daily Mirror
Jump up ^ http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Heartwarming/ThirdRockFromTheSun
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text:
List of countries where Spanish is an official language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
[hide]
1 Official or national language
2 Significant minority language
2.1 Andorra
2.2 Belize
2.3 Gibraltar
2.4 United States
3 Historical language
3.1 Philippines
3.2 Western Sahara
4 Creole languages
5 Judeo-Spanish
6 International organizations
7 References
Official or national language[edit]
Spanish is the majority language in 20 sovereign states and several dependent territories, totaling around 440 million people.[1] It is additionally the main official language in Equatorial Guinea.
In these countries and territories, Spanish is the main or mostly used language of communication of the vast majority of the population; official documents are written chiefly or solely in that language; and it is taught in schools and utilized as the primary medium of instruction as part of the official curriculum.
Country/Territory
Status
Population
(2014)[2]
Regulatory body
More information
Mexico De facto[3] 120,286,655 Academia Mexicana de la Lengua Mexican Spanish
Colombia De jure[4] 48,400,388 Academia Colombiana de la Lengua Colombian Spanish
Spaina De jure[5] 47,737,941 Real Academia Española Peninsular Spanish
Argentina De facto[6] 43,024,374 Academia Argentina de Letras Rioplatense Spanish
Perub De jure[7] 30,147,935 Academia Peruana de la Lengua Peruvian Coast Spanish
Venezuela De jure[8] 28,868,486 Academia Venezolana de la Lengua Venezuelan Spanish
Chile De facto[9] 17,363,894 Academia Chilena de la Lengua Chilean Spanish
Ecuadorc De jure[10] 15,654,411 Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua Ecuadorian Spanish
Guatemala De jure[11] 14,647,083 Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua Guatemalan Spanish
Cuba De jure[12] 11,047,251 Academia Cubana de la Lengua Cuban Spanish
Boliviad De jure[13] 10,631,486 Academia Boliviana de la Lengua Bolivian Spanish
Dominican Republic De jure[14] 10,349,741 Academia Dominicana de la Lengua Dominican Spanish
Honduras De jure[15] 8,598,561 Academia Hondureña de la Lengua Honduran Spanish
Paraguaye De jure[16] 6,703,860 Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española Paraguayan Spanish
El Salvador De jure[17] 6,125,512 Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua Salvadoran Spanish
Nicaragua De facto[18] 5,848,641 Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua Nicaraguan Spanish
Costa Rica De jure[19] 4,755,234 Academia Costarricense de la Lengua Costa Rican Spanish
Puerto Ricof De jure[20] 3,620,897 Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española Puerto Rican Spanish
Panama De jure[21] 3,608,431 Academia Panameña de la Lengua Panamanian Spanish
Uruguay De facto[22] 3,332,972 Academia Nacional de Letras Uruguayan Spanish
Equatorial Guineag De jure[23] 1,722,254 Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española Equatoguinean Spanish
Total 541,302,353 Association of Spanish Language Academies
a In Spain, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level, while the languages of Basque, Catalan/Valencian, and Galician are co-official alongside Spanish in certain regions.
b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.
c In Ecuador, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while the Kichwa (Northern Quechua) and Shuar languages hold co-official status in selected regions.
d In Bolivia, the national constitution recognizes Spanish and various indigenous languages of Bolivia as official at the national level, though Spanish is predominant nationwide.
e In Paraguay, Spanish and the indigenous Guaraní are recognized as co-official at the national level and both are widely used in society.
f Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. where Spanish and English are the official languages and Spanish is the primary language.[20]
g In Equatorial Guinea, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages all hold official status at the national level, though Spanish is the primary language in the public sphere while Fang, Bube, Kombe, and other Bantu languages, as well as an English-based creole, are used at home and family settings. See Equatorial Guinea#Languages.
Population of the Spanish speaking countries (+ Puerto Rico) in 2011

America
Significant minority language[edit]
Though not an official language at the national level, Spanish is regularly spoken by significant minority populations in each of the nations and territories noted below. In each, public services and information are widely available in Spanish, as are various forms of printed and broadcast media.
Country
Population
(2014)[2]
Total speakers
Percentage Spanish-speaking
Andorra 85,458 29,907 35%
Belize 340,844 106,795 30%
Gibraltar 29,185 23,857 81%
United States 318,892,103 52,000,000 23%
Andorra[edit]
See also: Languages of Andorra
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the Principality of Andorra which share land borders with Spain.[24]
Belize[edit]
See also: Languages of Belize
Spanish has no official recognition in the Central American nation of Belize, a Commonwealth realm where English is the official national language. However, the country shares land borders with Spanish-speaking Mexico and Guatemala and, per the 2010 Belizean census, Spanish is spoken by a sizable portion of the population; 30% claim Spanish as a mother tongue and about 50% of the population has working knowledge of the language.[25]
Gibraltar[edit]
See also: Languages of Gibraltar
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, which share land borders with Spain.[26]
United States[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the United States
Spanish has been spoken in the United States for several centuries in the Southwest and Florida, which were all once part of New Spain. However, today only a tiny minority of Spanish speakers in the US trace their language back to those times; the overwhelming majority of speakers come from recent immigration. Only in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado has Spanish maintained speaking communities uninterruptedly since colonial times. [27] Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second-language speakers.[28] Though not official, Spanish has a special status for education in the U.S. state of New Mexico. [29] With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[30] Spanish is increasingly used alongside English nationwide in business and politics. In the United States, the language is regulated by the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.
Historical language[edit]
Philippines[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the Philippines
See also: Philippine Spanish
Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of the Hispanic period in 1565 and through independence until a constitutional change in 1973. However, President Ferdinand Marcos had Spanish redesigned as an official language under Presidential Decree No. 156, dated 15 March 1973 and Spanish remained official until 1987, when it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language.[31]
On 8 August 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo announced that the Philippine government asked help from the Spanish Government in her plan to reintroduce Spanish as a required subject in the Philippine school system.[32] By 2012, the language was a compulsory subject at only a very select number of secondary schools.[33] In spite of government promotion of Spanish, less than 0.5% of the population are able to speak Spanish at least proficiently.[34]
While Spanish is designated as an optional government language in the Philippines, its usage is very limited and not present in everyday life.[35] In the country, Spanish is regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language.
Western Sahara[edit]
Spanish is a secondary official language, alongside Arabic, in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a former Spanish colony and now a partially recognized state, most of whose territory is occupied by Morocco. Spanish is not a native language in that country.[36][37]
Creole languages[edit]
Main article: Spanish-based creole languages
There are a number of Spanish-based creole languages. Chavacano is spoken in Zamboanga City in the Philippines and is a regional language.[38] Papiamento is the official language in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao; it has been classified as either a Spanish-based or a Portuguese-based creole.[39][40]
Chamorro is an Austronesian language with many Spanish loanwords; some scholars have considered it a creole, but the most authoritative sources deny this. [41]
Country
Creole language
Estimated speakers[42]
Year
Status
Aruba Papiamento ~100,000[43] N/A Official.[44]
Caribbean Netherlands Papiamento – – Official.[45]
Curaçao Papiamento 185,155[46] 1981 Official.[47]
Philippines Chavacano 689,000[46] 1992 Regional.[38]
Judeo-Spanish[edit]
Main article: Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish (sometimes known as Ladino or other names) is a language derived from medieval Spanish; it is still spoken by some Sephardi Jews, mainly in Israel.[48]
International organizations[edit]
United Nations (UN)
European Union (EU)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
African Union (AU)
Central American Integration System (SICA)
Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mercosur
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Latin Union
Pacific Alliance
Interpol
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/El-espa%C3%B1ol-lengua-viva-2014.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Mexico does not have an official language at the federal level [1]; however, Spanish is spoken by the majority.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Colombia, Art. 10
Jump up ^ Spanish Constitution, Art. 3-1
Jump up ^ The Argentine Constitution does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Peru, Art. 48
Jump up ^ Constitution of Venezuela, Art. 9
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Chile does not establish Spanish as an official language. However, Chilean legislation establishes that schools must teach students to communicate in the "Castilian language" (General Law on Education (Articles 29 and 30), Chile Library of Congress.)
Jump up ^ Constitution of Ecuador, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Guatemala, Art. 143
Jump up ^ Constitution of Cuba, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Bolivia, Art. 5
Jump up ^ The Constitution of the Dominican Republic establish Spanish as it official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Honduras, Art. 6
Jump up ^ Constitution of Paraguay, Art. 140
Jump up ^ Constitution of El Salvador, Art. 62
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Nicaragua does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Costa Rica, Art. 76
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of Puerto Rico Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 3, Section 5: It is mandatory to be able to read and write in either English or Spanish in order to be a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Panama, Art. 7
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Uruguay does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, Art. 4
Jump up ^ "Observatori de l'Institut d'Estudis Andorrans" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Statistical Institute of Belize: Belize Population and Housing Census 2010. Country Report. Belmopan 2013.
Jump up ^ <Constitution of Gibraltar Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Canfield, Delos Lincoln (1981). Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 80. The main nuclei of Spanish speech in the United States are northern New Mexico / southern Colorado, the border territories from California through Texas, the Florida peninsula, New York City, and other large cities of the Northeast and Midwest. Only one of these, the New Mexico / Colorado dialect area, has maintained linguistic continuity since colonial days, and its speech goes back to about 1600.
Jump up ^ "US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ Language Rights and New Mexico Statehood By the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
Jump up ^ "Más 'speak spanish' que en España". Retrieved 2007-10-06. (Spanish)
Jump up ^ Article XIV, Sec 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Jump up ^ "La presidenta filipina pedirá ayuda a España para oficializar el español" (in Spanish). MSN Noticias. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
Jump up ^ Legaspi, Amita O. (3 July 2012). "PNoy (President Benigno Aquino III) and Spain’s Queen Sofia welcome return of Spanish language in Philippine schools". GMA News.
Jump up ^ Medium projection, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010, archived from the original on 11 August 2011
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Philippines, Art. 14
Jump up ^ "Como saharauis queremos conservar el español". Lavozdegalicia.es. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Jump up ^ "EL ESPAñOL EN LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE REFUGIADOS SAHARAUIS (TINDUF, ARGELIA)" (PDF). Cvc.cervantes.es. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
^ Jump up to: a b DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. July 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Attila Narin (June 1998). "Papiamentu Facts". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Dalby, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages. Bloomsbury Publishing plc. p. 489. ISBN 0-7475-3117-X.
Jump up ^ Topping, Donald (1973). Chamorro Reference Grammar. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 6 and 7. ISBN 978-0-8248-0269-1.
Jump up ^ "Ethnologue". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Language" - Government of Aruba (official site) - 2010
Jump up ^ Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-272-5258-6.
Jump up ^ "Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Retrieved 2010-10-24. Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English: Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento)
^ Jump up to: a b Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial Archived 29 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Instituto Cervantes.
Jump up ^ "Nieuwsbrief 070313 – Papiaments officieel erkend". Nieuws.leidenuniv.nl. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Jump up ^ EJP | News | Western Europe | Judaeo-Spanish language revived Archived 29 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Ejpress.org (19 September 2005). Retrieved on 19 October 2011.
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I See the Moon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"I See The Moon"
Single by Nancy Sinatra
B-side
"Put Your Head on My Shoulder"
Released
1963
Format
7" single
Genre
Pop
Length
2:38
Label
Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Meredith Willson
Producer(s)
Tutti Camarata
Nancy Sinatra singles chronology
"String Module Error: Match not found"
(String Module Error: Match not found) "I See The Moon"
(1963) "String Module Error: Match not found"
(String Module Error: Match not found)
You Can Have Any Boy To Know Him Is To Love Him "The Cruel War"
"I See the Moon", is a popular song written by Meredith Willson.[1]
Contents
1 Recordings
2 Television adaptation
3 Origins
4 Nursery rhyme
5 References
Recordings[edit]
The Mariners, in the United States, and The Stargazers, in the United Kingdom, had the best-known versions. The Stargazers' recording reached number one in the UK Singles Chart in 1954.[1][2] In taking "I See the Moon" to number one, the Stargazers became the first act in British chart history to reach number one with their first two records to reach the chart.[1] Several singles released in the interim failed to chart.[1] The Stargazers' recording was produced by Dick Rowe, one of eight of his UK chart topping successes in that role.[1]
The Mariners' version, released in 1952, reached number 14 in the United States[3]
A recording by Don Cameron with Morton Fraser's Harmonica Band was made in London on February 17, 1954. It was released by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 10675.
Nancy Sinatra released a version on Reprise Records in 1963.
Television adaptation[edit]
In 1997, the English actress Phoebe Nicholls (as May Thrace) performed the song with piano accompaniment in an adaptation for television of Ruth Rendell's mystery, May and June. It was described as her character's childhood favourite.[4]
Origins[edit]
The song is quoting two works by the Italian opera composer Vincenzo Bellini: Ite su Colle, O Druidi from act 1 of Norma, and the overture to I Capuleti e i Montecchi.
Nursery rhyme[edit]
There is also a nursery rhyme that has the same title, with the first line of the refrain, from which the title is derived, also matches a couplet that appears in English as early as 1784 in a work entitled Gammer Gurton's Garland, or, The Nursery Parnassus:[5]
I see the moon, and the moon sees me,
God bless the moon, and God bless me!
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 13. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 28–9. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ The Mariners at AllMusic
Jump up ^ "May and June, Part 2, broadcast on ITV, 14 February 1997". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
Jump up ^ Iona and Peter Opie (1951). The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. London: Oxford University Press. p. 356. ISBN 9780198691112. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
hide
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Musicals
The Music Man (1957)
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Here's Love (1963)
1491 (1969)
Film scores
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The Little Foxes (1941)
Compositions
Music Man
"Iowa Stubborn"
"(Ya Got) Trouble"
"Seventy-six Trombones"
"Goodnight, Ladies"
"Shipoopi"
"Till There Was You"
Other
"May the Good Lord Bless and Keep You"
"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas"
"I See the Moon"
"Iowa Fight Song"
Related
The Big Show
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_See_the_Moon&oldid=848188519"
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UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Songs written by Meredith Willson
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Mr. Jones (Counting Crows song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Mr. Jones"
Single by Counting Crows
from the album August and Everything After
Released
December 1, 1993
Format
CD single
Recorded
1993
Genre
Alternative rock
jangle pop
Length
4:32
Label
Geffen
Songwriter(s)
David Bryson
Adam Duritz
Charlie Gillingham
Matt Malley
Ben Mize
Dan Vickrey
Producer(s)
T-Bone Burnett
Counting Crows singles chronology
"Mr. Jones"
(1993) "Round Here"
(1994)
"Mr. Jones"
(1993) "Round Here"
(1994)
Audio sample
Counting Crows – "Mr. Jones"
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"Mr. Jones" is a song by American alternative rock band Counting Crows. It was released in December 1993 as the lead single and third track from their debut album, August and Everything After (1993). It was the band's first radio hit and one of their most popular singles.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Lyrics and performances
3 Cover versions
4 Accolades
5 Track listings
6 Credits and personnel
7 Charts
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Year-end charts
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
"Mr. Jones" entered the American Top 40 on February 19, 1994, and entered the Top 10 five weeks later. On April 23, "Mr. Jones" passed R. Kelly's "Bump n' Grind", taking the number-one position (which it surrendered, the following week, to Prince's "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World").[1]
The band's surprise success happened to coincide with Kurt Cobain's death. These events took a significant toll on Adam Duritz, the lead vocalist and principal songwriter. Duritz said in an interview, "We heard that, that [Kurt] had shot himself. And it really scared the hell out of me because I thought, these things in my life are getting so out of control."[2] These events and feelings were the basis for "Catapult", the first track of Recovering the Satellites.
According to Duritz (who was born in 1964), the song title had a hand in the naming by Jonathan Pontell of "Generation Jones", the group of people born between 1954 and 1965. "I feel honored that my song Mr. Jones was part of the inspiration for the name 'Generation Jones'."[3]
Lyrics and performances[edit]
The primary topic of the song itself is perhaps how two struggling musicians (Duritz and bassist Marty Jones of The Himalayans) "want to be big stars," believing that "when everybody loves me, I will never be lonely." Duritz would later recant these values, and in later concert appearances, "Mr. Jones" was played in a subdued acoustic style, if at all.[2] On the live CD Across a Wire Duritz changes the lyrics "We all wanna be big, big stars, but we got different reasons for that" to "We all wanna be big, big stars, but then we get second thoughts about that," and "when everybody loves you, sometimes that's just about as funky as you can be" to "when everybody loves you, sometimes that's just about as fucked up as you can be."[4]
Some believe the song is a veiled reference to the protagonist of Bob Dylan's "Ballad of a Thin Man",[5] based on the lyric "I wanna be Bob Dylan, Mr. Jones wishes he was someone just a little more funky." According to Adam Duritz on VH1 Story Tellers "It's really a song about my friend Marty and I. We went out one night to watch his dad play, his dad was a Flamenco guitar player who lived in Spain (David Serva), and he was in San Francisco in the mission playing with his old Flamenco troupe. And after the gig we all went to this bar called the New Amsterdam in San Francisco on Columbus."[6]
In a 2013 interview, Duritz explained that even though the song is named for his friend Marty Jones, it is actually about Duritz himself. "I wrote a song about me, I just happened to be out with him that night," Duritz said. The inspiration for the song came as Duritz and Jones were drunk at a bar after watching Jones' father perform, when they saw Kenney Dale Johnson, longtime drummer for the musician Chris Isaak, sitting with three women. "It just seemed like, you know, we couldn't even manage to talk to girls, ... we were just thinking if we were rock stars, it'd be easier. I went home and wrote the song," Duritz said.[7]
In the live version of the song, as on the album Across a Wire: Live in New York City, the first couplet of the song is a quotation of the 1967 song So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star by The Byrds.
Cover versions[edit]
The band Hidden in Plain View did a cover of "Mr. Jones" which was released in 2004 on the album Dead and Dreaming: An Indie Tribute to the Counting Crows.
Accolades[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Result
1994 MTV Video Music Awards Best New Artist Won
Track listings[edit]
"Mr. Jones" (LP version) – 4:32
"Raining in Baltimore" (LP version) – 4:42
"Mr. Jones" (acoustic version) – 4:44
"Rain King" (acoustic version) – 5:10
Credits and personnel[edit]
Composers – David Bryson, Adam Duritz
Performed by – Counting Crows
Producers – T-Bone Burnett, Bruce Ranes
Executive producer – Gary Gersh
Mixing – Scott Litt, Patrick McCarthy
Engineers – Patrick McCarthy, Bruce Ranes
Photography – Michael Tighe[8]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1993–1994)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[9] 13
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[10] 27
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[11] 45
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[12] 1
France (SNEP)[13] 7
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[14] 42
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[15] 49
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[16] 28
US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks[17] 25
US Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks[17] 2
US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[17] 2
US Billboard Hot 100 Airplay 5
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1994)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[18] 5
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Counting Crows". Rock On The Net. 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Spendlove, Barry (4 July 1999). "The new Counting Crows FAQ (Version 3)". Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Pontell, Jonathan (2007). "Generation Jones". The Jonathan Pontell Group. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2012. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
Jump up ^ "Counting Crows - Mr. Jones (Live Acoustic) Lyrics". Lyrics007. 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Counting Crows & Shelby Lynne". Soundstage. PBS. August 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Wiser, Carl. "Mr. Jones by Counting Crows". SongFacts.com. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Adam Duritz, Counting Crows Frontman, Reveals 'Mr. Jones'". 6 June 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mr. Jones – Counting Crows: Credits". Allmusic. 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 59, No. 8, March 14, 1994". RPM. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Counting Crows – Mr. Jones". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "COUNTING CROWS". The Official UK Charts Company. 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mr. Jones – Counting Crows". Billboard. 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "RPM 100 Hit Tracks of 1994". RPM. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
External links[edit]
"Mr. Jones" at Counting Crows' official web site.
"Mr. Jones" at Lyrics Undercover: a podcast explaining the lyrics of the song and the identity of Mr. Jones.
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Counting Crows
Jim Bogios
David Bryson
Adam Duritz
Charlie Gillingham
David Immerglück
Millard Powers
Dan Vickrey
Steve Bowman
Matt Malley
Ben Mize
Studio albums
August and Everything After
Recovering the Satellites
This Desert Life
Hard Candy
Saturday Nights & Sunday Mornings
Somewhere Under Wonderland
Other albums
Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation)
Live albums
Across a Wire: Live in New York City
New Amsterdam: Live at Heineken Music Hall February 4–6, 2003
August and Everything After: Live at Town Hall
Echoes of the Outlaw Roadshow
Compilations
Films About Ghosts (The Best Of...)
Aural 6
Singles
"Mr. Jones"
"Round Here"
"Einstein on the Beach (For an Eggman)"
"Rain King"
"A Murder of One"
"Angels of the Silences"
"A Long December"
"Daylight Fading"
"Hanginaround"
"Mrs. Potter's Lullaby"
"All My Friends"
"American Girls"
"Miami"
"Big Yellow Taxi"
"If I Could Give All My Love (Richard Manuel Is Dead)"
"Holiday in Spain"
"She Don't Want Nobody Near"
"Accidentally in Love"
"1492"
"You Can't Count on Me"
"Come Around"
"When I Dream of Michelangelo"
"Palisades Park"
Other songs
"Colorblind"
Concert videos
August and Everything After: Live at Town Hall
Related articles
Discography
The Himalayans
Sordid Humor
Maria
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mr._Jones_(Counting_Crows_song)&oldid=824441549"
Categories:
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Songs written by Charlie Gillingham
1993 songs
Geffen Records singles
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Unfit url
Articles with hAudio microformats
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