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Province of Maryland
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Province of Maryland
Colony of England (1632–1707)
Colony of Great Britain (1707–76)
1632–1776
Flag
A map of the Province of Maryland.
Capital St. Mary's City (1632–95)
Annapolis (from 1695)
Languages English, Susquehannock, Nanticoke, Piscataway
Government Constitutional monarchy
Royally Chartered Proprietor
• 1632–1675 Lord Baltimore, 2nd
• 1751–1776 Lord Baltimore, 6th
Proprietary Governor
• 1634–1647 Leonard Calvert
• 1769–1776 Robert Eden
Legislature Maryland General Assembly
History
• Charter granted 1632
• Independence July 4, 1776
Currency Pound sterling
Succeeded by
Maryland
Today part of United States
Maryland
Washington, D.C.
The Province of Maryland[1] was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632[2] until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland. Its first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, in the southern end of St. Mary's County, which is a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay and is also bordered by four tidal rivers.
The province began as a proprietary colony of the English Lord Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the new world at the time of the European wars of religion. Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the English colonies, religious strife among Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers was common in the early years, and Puritan rebels briefly seized control of the province. In 1689, the year following the Glorious Revolution, John Coode led a rebellion that removed Lord Baltimore from power in Maryland. Power in the colony was restored to the Baltimore family in 1715 when Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, insisted in public that he was a Protestant.
Despite early competition with the colony of Virginia to its south, and the Dutch colony of New Netherland to its north, the Province of Maryland developed along very similar lines to Virginia. Its early settlements and population centers tended to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay and, like Virginia, Maryland's economy quickly became centered on the cultivation of tobacco, for sale in Europe. The need for cheap labor, and later with the mixed farming economy that developed when tobacco prices collapsed, led to a rapid expansion of indentured servitude, penal transportation, and forcible immigration and enslavement of Africans. Maryland received a larger felon quota than any other province.[3]
The Province of Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and echoed events in New England by establishing committees of correspondence and hosting its own tea party similar to the one that took place in Boston. By 1776 the old order had been overthrown as Maryland citizens signed the Declaration of Independence, forcing the end of British colonial rule.
Maryland Laws 1727
Large Broadside on the Maryland Toleration Act
A map of the Province of Maryland
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins in the 17th Century
1.1 Founding charter
1.2 Early settlement
1.3 Relations with the Susquehannock
1.4 Border disputes
1.4.1 With Virginia
1.4.2 With Pennsylvania
1.4.3 With New York
2 Government
2.1 The Lords Baltimore
2.2 Proprietarial rule
3 Religious conflict
4 The Protestant Revolution of 1689
5 Plantations and economy
6 The 18th century
6.1 The American Revolution
7 See also
8 Notes
9 Sources
10 External links
Origins in the 17th Century[edit]
History of Maryland
By year
Pre-statehood
American Revolution
U.S. Civil War
Post-Civil War
Topics: Maritime history
Maryland portal
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Founding charter[edit]
Henrietta Maria, the French Princess who gave her name to the young colony of "Maryland"
The Catholic George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, (1579–1632), former Secretary of State to His Majesty, King Charles I, wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the New World. After having visited the Americas and founded a colony in the future Canadian province of Newfoundland called "Avalon", he convinced the King to grant him a second territory in more southern, temperate climes. Upon Baltimore's death in 1632 the grant was transferred to his eldest son Cecil.
On 20 June 1632, Charles granted the original charter for Maryland, a proprietary colony of about twelve million acres (49,000 km²), to the 2nd Baron Baltimore. Some historians view this grant as a form of compensation for Calvert's father's having been stripped of his title of Secretary of State upon announcing his Roman Catholicism in 1625. The charter offered no guidelines on religion, although it was assumed that Catholics would not be molested in the new colony.[4]
Whatever the reason for granting the colony specifically to Baltimore, however, the King had practical reasons to create a colony north of the Potomac in 1632. The colony of New Netherland begun by England's great imperial rival in this era, the United Provinces, specifically claimed the Delaware River valley and was vague about its border with Virginia. Charles rejected all the Dutch claims on the Atlantic seaboard, but was anxious to bolster English claims by formally occupying the territory. The new colony was named after the devoutly Catholic Henrietta Maria of France, the Queen Consort.[5]
Colonial Maryland was considerably larger than Maryland. The original charter granted the Calverts an imprecisely defined territory north of Virginia and south of the 40th parallel, comprising perhaps as much as 12 million acres (49,000 km²).[6]
Early settlement[edit]
1975 reconstruction of Maryland Dove at St. Mary's City
In Maryland, Baltimore sought to create a haven for English Catholics and to demonstrate that Catholics and Protestants could live together peacefully, even issuing the Act Concerning Religion in matters of religion. Cecil Calvert was himself a convert to Catholicism, a considerable political setback for a nobleman in 17th century England, where Roman Catholics could easily be considered enemies of the crown and potential traitors to their country. Like other aristocratic proprietors, he also hoped to turn a profit on the new colony.
Catholic church at St Mary's City
The Calvert family recruited Catholic aristocrats and Protestant settlers for Maryland, luring them with generous land grants and a policy of religious toleration. To try to gain settlers, Maryland used what is known as the headright system, which originated in Jamestown. Settlers were given 50 acres (20 ha) of land for each person they brought into the colony, whether as settler, indentured servant, or slave.
Of the 200 or so initial settlers who traveled to Maryland on the ships Ark and Dove, the majority were Protestant.[7] On November 22, 1633, Lord Baltimore sent the first settlers to the new colony, and after a long voyage with a stopover to resupply in Barbados, the Ark and the Dove landed on 25 March 1634 (thereafter celebrated as "Maryland Day"), at Blackistone Island, thereafter known as St. Clement's Island, off the northern shore of the Potomac River, upstream from its confluence with the Chesapeake Bay and Point Lookout. The new settlers were led by Lord Baltimore's younger brother Leonard Calvert, whom Baltimore had delegated to serve as governor of the new colony.[7]
The Native Americans in Maryland were a peaceful people who welcomed the English. At the time of the founding of the Maryland colony, approximately forty tribes consisting of 8,000 – 10,000 people lived in the area. They were fearful of the colonists’ guns, but welcomed trade for metal tools. The Native Americans who were living in the location where the colonists first settled were called the Yaocomico Indians. The colonists gave the Yaocomico Indians cloth, hatchets, and hoes in exchange for the right to settle on the land. The Yaocomico Indians allowed the English settlers to live in their houses, a type of longhouse called a witchott. The Indians also taught the colonists how to plant corn, beans, and squash, as well as where to find food such as clams and oysters.[8][9]
Here at St. Clement's Island they raised a large cross, and led by Jesuit Father Andrew White celebrated Mass. The new settlement was called "St. Mary's City" and it became the first capitol of Maryland. It remained so for sixty years until 1695 when the colony's capital was moved north to the more central, newly established "Anne Arundel's Town (also briefly known as "Providence") and later renamed as "Annapolis".
More settlers soon followed. The tobacco crops that they had planted from the outset were very successful and quickly made the new colony profitable. However, given the incidence of malaria and typhoid, life expectancy in Maryland was about 10 years less than in New England.[10]
"Historic St. Mary's City" (a historic preservationist/tourism agency) has been established to protect what is left of the ruins of the original 17th century village, and several reconstructed, government buildings, little of which remained intact. With the exception of several periods of rebellion by early Protestants and later colonists, the colony/province remained under the control of the several Lords Baltimore until 1775–1776, when it joined with other colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and eventually became the independent and sovereign U.S. State of Maryland.
Relations with the Susquehannock[edit]
In 1642, the Province of Maryland declared war on the Susquehannock Indian nation (Conestoga peoples).[11] The Susquehannock (with the help of the colony of New Sweden) defeated Maryland in 1644. As a result, the Conestoga traded almost exclusively with New Sweden to the north while the colony was young.[11] The Susquehannocks remained in an intermittent state of war with Maryland until a peace treaty was concluded in 1652,[11][12] but would become allies in the following decades.[11] Records from this era are poor and accounts of these early conflicts are incomplete.[12]
In the peace treaty of 1652 the Susquehannock ceded to Maryland large territories on both shores of the Chesapeake Bay in return for arms and for safety on their southern flank. This decision was also related to the unrest among Amerindians caused by the Beaver Wars of the late 1650s, in which the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) swept south and west against other tribes and territories to expand their hunting grounds for the fur trade.[11] With the help of Maryland's arms, the Susquehannock fought off the Iroquois Confederacy effectively, and a brief peace followed. In 1666 the Susquehannock decisively defeated two tribes of the Five Nations of the Iroquois, recasting the power relationships in the upper Susquehanna Valley and those into the lower parts of New York.[11] This kept the colony free of incursions by the warlike Iroquois.[11] However, the buffer of the Susquehannock nation soon failed to protect the colony from the threat of the powerful Iroquois: the Susquehannock tribe became decimated by an epidemic. They went from being a regional power to nearly extinct in the first years of the 1870s.[11] In a later peace with the colonial governments of Virginia and Maryland, the Iroquois agreed in a treaty to absorb their remaining distant cousins, and the remaining Susquehannock people became a mere shadow of their former power.[11] By 1878 only 300 or so remained in the Wyoming Valley.[13]
Border disputes[edit]
With Virginia[edit]
In 1629, George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore "driven by 'the sacred duty of finding a refuge for his Roman Catholic brethren,"[14] applied to Charles I for a royal charter to establish a colony south of Virginia. He also wanted a share of the fortunes being made in tobacco in Virginia, and hoped to recoup some of the financial losses he had sustained in his earlier colonial venture in Newfoundland.[15]
In 1631, William Claiborne a Puritan from Virginia received a royal trading commission granting him the right to trade with the natives on all lands in the mid-Atlantic where there was not already a patent in effect.[16] Claiborne established a trading post on Kent Island on 28 May 1631.
Meanwhile, back in London, the Privy Council persuaded Sir George Calvert that he be granted a charter for lands north of the Virginia colony, in order to put pressure on the Dutch settlements further north along the Delaware and Hudson Rivers. Calvert agreed, but died in 1632 before the charter was formally signed by King Charles I. The Royal Grant and Charter for the new colony of Maryland was then granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, on 20 June 1632.[16] This placed Claiborne on Calvert land. Claiborne refused to recognize Lord Baltimore's charter and rights.
With Pennsylvania[edit]
Main article: Penn–Calvert boundary dispute
The border dispute with Pennsylvania continued and led to Cresap's War, a conflict between settlers from Pennsylvania and Maryland fought in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 with a series of violent incidents prompted by disputes over property rights and law enforcement, and escalated through the first half of the decade, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The armed phase of the conflict ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a cease-fire. A provisional agreement had been established in 1732.[17]
Maryland lost some of its original territory to Pennsylvania in the 1760s when King Charles II granted the Penn family, owners of Pennsylvania, a tract that overlapped the Calvert family's Maryland grant. For 80 years the powerful Penn and Calvert families had feuded over overlapping Royal grants. Surveyors Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon mapped the Maryland-Pennsylvania border in 1767, setting out the Mason–Dixon line.[18]
With New York[edit]
In 1672, Lord Baltimore declared that Maryland included the settlement of Whorekills on the west shore of the Delaware Bay, an area under the jurisdiction of the Province of New York (as the British had renamed New Netherland after taking possession in 1664). A force was dispatched which attacked and captured this settlement. New York could not immediately respond because New York was soon recaptured by the Dutch. This settlement was restored to the Province of New York when New York was recaptured from the Dutch in November, 1674.[citation needed]
Government[edit]
The Lords Baltimore[edit]
Main article: Calvert family
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1631), Secretary of State under King James I, applied in 1629 for charter to establish a colony in the Mid-Atlantic area of North America, but died five weeks before it was issued.[19]
Caecilius Calvert (1605–1675), inherited both his father's title and his charter, which was granted in 1632. He was named for Sir Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury,[20] principal Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, whom Calvert had met during an extended trip to Europe between 1601 and 1603.[19] Rather than go to the colony himself, Baltimore stayed behind in England to deal with the political opposition raised by supporters of the Virginia Colony and sent his next younger brother Leonard in his stead. Caecilius never travelled to Maryland.[21]
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715), sailed to Maryland in 1661 as a young man of 24, becoming the first member of the Calvert family to take personal charge of the colony. He was appointed deputy governor by his father and, when Cecil Calvert died in 1675, Charles inherited Maryland, becoming governor in his own right. During his tenure the price of tobacco began to decline, causing economic hardship especially among the poor. A hurricane in 1667 devastated the tobacco crop.[22] In 1684, Charles Calvert travelled to England[23] in regard to a border dispute with William Penn. He never returned to Maryland. In his absence the Protestant Revolution of 1689 took control of the colony. That year the family's royal charter was also withdrawn, and Maryland became a Royal Colony.
Benedict Calvert
Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715) understood that the chief impediment to the restoration of his family's title to Maryland was the question of religion.[24] In 1713 he converted to Anglicanism in 1713, despite his father cutting off his support. He also withdrew his son Charles from a Jesuit school, largely for political reasons. Henceforth father and son would worship within the Church of England, much to the disgust of his father Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, who maintained his Catholic faith despite the political drawbacks, until his death in February 1715.[24] Benedict became the Fourth Lord Baltimore upon his father's death in February 1715 and immediately petitioned King George I to reinstate the family's charter. However, Benedict survived his father by only two months, dying himself in April 1715.
Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751) was the great-grandson of Charles II of England through his maternal grandmother, Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, the illegitimate daughter of the king's mistress, Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland. The Province of Maryland was restored to the control of the Calvert family by King George I when around 1715 Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, swore publicly that he was a Protestant and had embraced the Anglican faith.
Frederick Calvert, 6th and last Baron Baltimore, "conceited, frivolous, and dissipated".[25]
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (1731–1771) inherited from his father the title Baron Baltimore and the Proprietary Governorship of the Province of Maryland in 1751. Frederick Calvert wielded immense power in Maryland, which was then a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain, administered directly by the Calverts.[26] Frederick's inheritance coincided with a period of rising discontent in Maryland, amid growing demands by the legislative assembly for an end to his family's authoritarian rule. Frederick, however, remained aloof from the colony and never set foot in it in his lifetime. He lived a life of leisure, writing verse and regarding the Province of Maryland as little more than a source of revenue. The colony was ruled through governors appointed by Calvert. His frequent travels made him difficult to contact and meant that Maryland was largely ruled without him. His personal life was extremely scandalous by the standards of the time, and this contributed to growing unrest in his colony. In 1758, his wife "died from a hurt she received by a fall out of a Phaeton carriage" while accompanied by her husband. Although Frederick was suspected of foul play, no charges were ever brought.[27]
Frederick died in 1771, by which time relations between Britain and her American colonies were fast deteriorating. In his will, Frederick left his proprietary Palatinate of Maryland to his eldest illegitimate son, Henry Harford, then aged just 13. The colony, perhaps grateful to be rid of Frederick at last, recognized Harford as Calvert's heir. However, the will was challenged by the family of Frederick's sister, Louisa Calvert Browning, who did not recognize Harford's inheritance. Before the case could grind its way through the Court of Chancery, Maryland had become engulfed by the American Revolution and by 1776 was at war with Britain. Henry Harford would ultimately lose almost all his colonial possessions.
Proprietarial rule[edit]
Lord Baltimore held all the land directly from the King for the payment of "two Indian arrowheads annually and one fifth of all gold and silver found in the colony."[28] Maryland's foundation charter was drafted in feudal terms and based on the practices of the ancient County Palatine of Durham, which existed until 1646. He was given the rights and privileges of a Palatine lord, and the extensive authority that went with it. The Proprietor had the right and power to power to establish courts and appoint judges and magistrates, to enforce all laws, to grant titles, to erect towns, to pardon all offenses, to found churches, to call out the fighting population and wage war, to impose martial law, to convey or lease the land, and to levy duties and tolls.[28]
However, as elsewhere in English North America, English political institutions were re-created in the colonies, and the Maryland General Assembly fulfilled much the same function as the House of Commons of England.[29] An act was passed providing that:
"from henceforth and for ever everyone being of the council of the Province and any other gentleman of able judgement summoned by writ (and the Lord of every Manor within this Province after Manors be erected) shall and may have his voice, seat, and place in every General Assembly ... together with two or more able and sufficient men for the hundred as the said freedmen or the major part of them ... shall think good".
In addition, the Lord Proprietor could summon any delegates whom he was pleased to select.[30]
In some ways the General Assembly was an improvement upon the institutions of the mother country. In 1639, noting that Parliament had not been summoned in England for a decade, the free men of Maryland passed an act to the effect that "assemblies were to be called once in every three years at the least," ensuring that their voices would be regularly heard.[29]
Due to immigration, by 1660 the population of the Province had gradually become predominantly Protestant. Political power remained concentrated in the hands of the largely Catholic elite. Most councilors were Catholics and many were related by blood or marriage to the Calverts, enjoying political patronage and often lucrative offices such as commands in the militia or sinecures in the Land Office.[31]
Religious conflict[edit]
The Maryland Toleration Act, passed in 1649.
Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the British colonies, religious strife among Anglicans, Puritans, Roman Catholics, and Quakers was common in the early years, and Puritan rebels briefly seized control of the province. In 1644 the dispute with William Claiborne led to armed conflict. Claiborne seized Kent Island while his associate, the pro-Parliament Puritan Richard Ingle, took over St. Mary's.[16] Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support. From 1644 to 1646, the so-called "Plundering Time" was a period of civil unrest aggravated by the tensions of the English Civil War (1641–1651). Leonard Calvert returned from exile with troops, recaptured St. Mary's City, and eventually restored order.[7]
In 1649 Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, a law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. Passed on 21 September 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland Colony, it was the first law requiring religious tolerance in the English North American colonies. In 1654, after the Third English Civil War (1649–1651), Parliamentary (Puritan) forces assumed control of Maryland for a time.
When dissidents pressed for an established church, Caecilius Calvert's noted that Maryland settlers were "Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists, and Quakers, those of the Church of England as well as the Romish being the fewest ... it would be a most difficult task to draw such persons to consent unto a Law which shall compel them to maintaine ministers of a contrary perswasion to themselves."[31]
The Protestant Revolution of 1689[edit]
Main article: Protestant Revolution (Maryland)
Col. Henry Darnall, Deputy Governor of Maryland and a Roman Catholic.
In 1689, Maryland Puritans, by now a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government, in part because of the apparent preferment of Catholics like Colonel Henry Darnall to official positions of power. Led by Colonel John Coode, an army of 700 Puritans defeated a proprietarial army led by Colonel Darnall.[32] Darnall later wrote: "Wee being in this condition and no hope left of quieting the people thus enraged, to prevent effusion of blood, capitulated and surrendered." The victorious Coode and his Puritans set up a new government that outlawed Catholicism, and Darnall was deprived of all his official roles.[32] Coode's government was, however, unpopular; and William III installed a Crown-appointed governor in 1692. This was Lionel Copley who governed Maryland until his death in 1694 and was replaced by Francis Nicholson.[33]
After this "Protestant Revolution" in Maryland, Darnall was forced, like many other Catholics, to maintain a secret chapel in his home in order to celebrate the Roman Catholic Mass. In 1704, an Act was passed "to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province", preventing Catholics from holding political office.[32]
Full religious toleration would not be restored in Maryland until the American Revolution, when Darnall's great-grandson Charles Carroll of Carrollton, arguably the wealthiest Catholic in Maryland, signed the American Declaration of Independence.
Plantations and economy[edit]
See also: History of slavery in Maryland
Tobacco was the main export crop in the colonial era and involved much hand labor, usually by slaves: 1670 painting from Virginia.
Early settlements and population centers tended to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into Chesapeake Bay. In the 17th century, most Marylanders lived in rough conditions on small farms. While they raised a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock, the main cash crop was tobacco, which soon dominated the province's economy.
The Province of Maryland developed along lines very similar to those of Virginia. Tobacco was used as money, and the colonial legislature was obliged to pass a law requiring tobacco planters to raise a certain amount of corn as well, in order to ensure that the colonists would not go hungry. Like Virginia, Maryland's economy quickly became centered around the farming of tobacco for sale in Europe. The need for cheap labor to help with the growth of tobacco, and later with the mixed farming economy that developed when tobacco prices collapsed, led to a rapid expansion of indentured servitude and, later, forcible immigration and enslavement of Africans.
By 1730 there were public tobacco warehouses every fourteen miles. Bonded at £1,000 sterling, each inspector received from £25 to £60 as annual salary. Four hogsheads of 950 pounds were considered a ton for London shipment. Ships from English ports did not need port cities; they called at the wharves of warehouses or plantations along the rivers for tobacco and the next year returned with goods the planters had ordered from the shops of London.[34][35]
Outside the plantations, much land was operated by independent farmers who rented from the proprietors, or owned it outright. They emphasized subsistence farming to grow food for their large families. Many of the Irish and Scottish immigrants specialized in rye-whiskey making, which they sold to obtain cash.[36]
The 18th century[edit]
Maryland developed into a plantation colony by the 18th century. In 1700 there were about 25,000 people and by 1750 that had grown more than 5 times to 130,000. By 1755, about 40% of Maryland's population was black.[37] Maryland planters also made extensive use of indentured servants and penal labor. An extensive system of rivers facilitated the movement of produce from inland plantations and farms to the Atlantic coast for export. Baltimore, on Chesapeake Bay, was the second-most important port in the 18th-century South, after Charleston, South Carolina.
Dr. Alexander Hamilton (1712–1756) was a Scottish-born doctor and writer who lived and worked in Annapolis. Leo Lemay says his 1744 travel diary Gentleman's Progress: The Itinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton is "the best single portrait of men and manners, of rural and urban life, of the wide range of society and scenery in colonial America."[38]
The Abbé Claude C. Robin, a chaplain in the army of General Rochambeau,[39] who travelled through Maryland during the Revolutionary War, described the lifestyle enjoyed by families of wealth and status in the colony:
[Maryland houses] are large and spacious habitations, widely separated, composed of a number of buildings and surrounded by plantations extending farther than the eye can reach, cultivated ... by unhappy black men whom European avarice brings hither. ...Their furniture is of the most costly wood, and rarest marbles, enriched by skilful and artistic work. Their elegant and light carriages are drawn by finely bred horses, and driven by richly apparelled slaves."[40]
In the late colonial period, the southern and eastern portions of the Province continued in their tobacco economy, but as the American Revolution approached, northern and central Maryland increasingly became centers of wheat production. This helped drive the expansion of interior farming towns like Frederick and Maryland's major port city of Baltimore.[41]
The American Revolution[edit]
Main article: Maryland in the American Revolution
Up to the time of the American Revolution, the Province of Maryland was one of two colonies that remained an English proprietary colony, Pennsylvania being the other.[42] Maryland declared independence from Britain in 1776, with Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton signing the Declaration of Independence for the colony. In the 1776–77 debates over the Articles of Confederation, Maryland delegates led the party that insisted that states with western land claims cede them to the Confederation government, and in 1781 Maryland became the last state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. It accepted the United States Constitution more readily, ratifying it on 28 April 1788.
Maryland also gave up some territory to create the new District of Columbia after the American Revolution.
See also[edit]
List of colonial governors of Maryland
Colonial families of Maryland
History of Maryland
History of slavery in Maryland
Thomas Cresap
Lord Baltimore penny
Economic history of Colonial Maryland
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Charter of Maryland : 1632, §§ VI, VII, VIII, et al.
Jump up ^ Elson, Henry. "Colonial Maryland". www.usahistory.info. Retrieved 2015-05-11.
Jump up ^ Butler, James Davie (1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". The American Historical Review. 2 (1): 12–33 – via JSTOR.
Jump up ^ Sparks, Jared (1846). The Library of American Biography: George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown. pp. 16–.
Jump up ^ "Maryland's Name & Queen Henrietta Maria". www.mdarchives.state.md.us.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Alan. American Colonies (New York: Viking, 2001), p. 136; and, John Mack Faragher, ed., The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America (New York: Facts on File, 1990), p. 254.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knott, Aloysius. "Maryland." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910
Jump up ^ "MD History Q&A | Maryland Historical Society". www.mdhs.org. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
Jump up ^ Elson, Henry William. "Colonial Maryland". www.usahistory.info. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
Jump up ^ "The Southern Colonies", U.S. History, The Independence Hall Association
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., ed. (1961). The American Heritage Book of Indians. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 188–89. LCCN 61-14871.
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews, p. 76
Jump up ^ Battle of Wyoming
Jump up ^ "Religion and the Founding of the American Republic: America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 2". loc.gov. Library of Congress. June 1998. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stewart, George R. (1967) [1945]. Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States (Sentry edition (3rd) ed.). Houghton Mifflin. pp. 42–43.
^ Jump up to: a b c Brenner, Robert (2003). Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders London:Verso. p. 124, ISBN 1-85984-333-6
Jump up ^ Hubbard, Bill, Jr. (2009). American Boundaries: the Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. pp. 21–23. ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7.
Jump up ^ Edward Danson, Drawing the Line: How Mason and Dixon Surveyed the Most Famous Border in America (2000)
^ Jump up to: a b Browne, William Hand (1890). George Calvert and Cecil Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
Jump up ^ Browne, p. 4.
Jump up ^ Brown, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Brugger, Robert J., Maryland, a Middle Temperament 1634–1980
Jump up ^ Hoffman, Ronald, Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782 Retrieved Jan 24 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Hoffman, Ronald, p.79, Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782 Retrieved August 9, 2010
Jump up ^ Frederick Calvert at www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk Retrieved Jan 24 2010
Jump up ^ Frederick Calvert at www.aboutfamouspeople.com Retrieved Jan 16, 2010
Jump up ^ "Frederick Calvert". www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Charter of Maryland : 1632". avalon.law.yale.edu. 18 December 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b Andrews, p. 70
Jump up ^ Andrews, p. 71
^ Jump up to: a b Brugger, Robert J., p. 38, Maryland, a Middle Temperament 1634–1980 Retrieved July 26, 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c Roark, Elisabeth Louise, p. 78, Artists of colonial America Retrieved February 22, 2010
Jump up ^ John E. Findling, Frank W. Thackeray, Events that Changed America Through the Seventeenth Century, pp. 133–34.
Jump up ^ Gloria L. Main, Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650–1720 (1982).
Jump up ^ C. A. Werner, Tobaccoland A Book About Tobacco; Its History, Legends, Literature, Cultivation, Social and Hygienic Influences (1922)
Jump up ^ Gregory A. Stiverson, Poverty in a Land of Plenty: Tenancy in Eighteenth-Century Maryland (Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1978)
Jump up ^ John Mack Faragher, ed., The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America (New York: Facts on File, 1990), p. 257
Jump up ^ J.A. Leo Lemay, Men of Letters in Colonial Maryland (1972) p 229.
Jump up ^ Kimball, Gertrude Selwyn (1899). Pictures of Rhode Island in the Past, 1642-1833. Providence, R, I.: Preston and Rounds. p. 95. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Yentsch, Anne E, p. 265, A Chesapeake Family and their Slaves: a Study in Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press (1994) Retrieved Jan 2010
Jump up ^ Bayly Ellen Marks, "Rural Response to Urban Penetration: Baltimore and St. Mary's County, Maryland, 1790–1840," Journal of Historical Geography (1982) 8#2 pp. 113–27.
Jump up ^ America's Founding Charters: Primary Documents of Colonial and Revolutionary Era Governance, Volume 1 by Jon. L. Wakelyn. 2006. p. 109.
Sources[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Charter of Maryland
Andrews, Matthew Page, History of Maryland, Doubleday, New York (1929)
Everstine, Carl N. "The Establishment of Legislative Power in Maryland", 12 Maryland Law Review 99 (1951)
External links[edit]
Colonial history of Maryland
History of USA, 1904, Maryland
George Alsop on the condition of indentured servants in Maryland, 1663
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Coordinates: 38°11′21″N 76°25′56″W / 38.18917°N 76.43222°W / 38.18917; -76.43222
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Alan Silvestri
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Alan Silvestri
Silvestri in 2009
Background information
Birth name
Alan Anthony Silvestri
Born
(1950-03-26) March 26, 1950 (age 67)
New York City, New York
Genres
Film score
Occupation(s)
Composer, conductor
Instruments
Drums
Years active
1972–present
Alan Anthony Silvestri (born March 26, 1950) is an American composer and conductor who works primarily in film and television.
He is best known for his frequent collaboration with Robert Zemeckis, composing for such major hit films as the Back to the Future trilogy, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and Forrest Gump, as well as the superhero films Captain America: The First Avenger, The Avengers, and the upcoming Avengers: Infinity War. His other film scores include The Delta Force, Predator and its sequel Predator 2, The Abyss, Stuart Little, The Mummy Returns, Lilo & Stitch and Night at the Museum.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Awards
5 Discography
5.1 Films
5.1.1 1970s
5.1.2 1980s
5.1.3 1990s
5.1.4 2000s
5.1.5 2010s
5.2 Television series
6 References
7 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Silvestri's grandparents emigrated in 1908 from the Italian town of Castell'Alfero, and settled in Teaneck, New Jersey, to raise a family.[2] He grew up in Teaneck,[3] and attended Teaneck High School.[4] He went to Berklee College of Music for two years. Alan was a drummer for a short time in 1966 with Teaneck-based rock band The Herd.
Career[edit]
Silvestri started his film/television composing career in 1972 at age 21, composing the score for the low-budget action film The Doberman Gang.
From 1977 to 1983, Silvestri served as the main composer for the television series CHiPs, writing music for 109 of the series' 139 episodes.
Silvestri met producer Robert Zemeckis, when the two worked together on Zemeckis's film Romancing the Stone (1984). Since then, Silvestri has composed the music for all of Zemeckis's movies, including the Back to the Future trilogy (1985-1990), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Death Becomes Her (1992), Forrest Gump (1994), Contact (1997), Cast Away (2000), The Polar Express (2004), Beowulf (2007), A Christmas Carol (2009), Flight (2012) and The Walk (2015).
In 1989, Silvestri composed the score for the James Cameron-directed blockbuster The Abyss, and is also known for his work on the films Predator (1987) and Predator 2 (1990), both of which are considered preeminent examples of action/science fiction film scores. Since 2001, Silvestri has also collaborated regularly with director Stephen Sommers, scoring the films The Mummy Returns (2001), Van Helsing (2004), and G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009). His most recent work includes The Avengers (2012), The Croods (2013), and Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014).
Silvestri has also composed music for television series, including T. J. Hooker (one episode), Starsky & Hutch (three episodes), Tales from the Crypt (seven episodes). In 2014, he composed the award-winning music for the science documentary series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey.
On 31 January 2014, it was announced that a stage musical adaptation of Back to the Future was in production.[5] The show, which is being co-written by original writers Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, is expected to be performed in 2015, on the 30th anniversary year of the film.[6] Silvestri[7] will team up with Glen Ballard to compose a new score, with the addition of original songs from the film, including "The Power of Love", "Johnny B. Goode", "Earth Angel" and "Mr. Sandman".[8]
Personal life[edit]
Silvestri and his wife Sandra own a vineyard, Silvestri Vineyards, located in Carmel Valley, California.[9]
Awards[edit]
Silvestri has received two Academy Award nominations, one for Best Original Score for Forrest Gump (1994) and one for Best Original Song for "Believe" on The Polar Express soundtrack. He also received two Golden Globe nominations: Best Score for Forrest Gump and Best Song for The Polar Express.
He has also received four Grammy Award nominations, winning two awards – Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, for "Believe" from The Polar Express in 2004 and Best Instrumental Composition, for "Cast Away End Credits" from Cast Away in 2002. His other nomination was for Best Soundtrack Album, for Back to the Future. During the 2005 Grammy Awards, Josh Groban performed "Believe".[10]
He has won two Emmys, both for Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey – Outstanding Main Title Theme Music and Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for the episode "Standing Up in the Milky Way".
He has won the Saturn Award for Best Music three times, for his scores for Predator (1987), Back to the Future Part III (1989/90) and Van Helsing (2004).
On September 23, 2011, he was awarded with the Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award by the City of Vienna at the yearly film music gala concert Hollywood in Vienna.
Discography[edit]
Films[edit]
1970s[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Studio
Notes
1972
The Doberman Gang
Byron Chudnow Dimension Pictures With Bradford Craig
1975
Las Vegas Lady
Noel Nosseck Crown International Pictures N/A
1976
The Amazing Dobermans
Byron Ross Chudnow Golden Films N/A
1978
The Fifth Floor
Howard Avedis Film Ventures International N/A
1980s[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Studio
Notes
1983
Tiger Man
Matt Cimber N/A Credited as Alan Sylvestri
1984
Romancing the Stone
Robert Zemeckis 20th Century Fox First collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Par où t'es rentré ? On t'a pas vu sortir
Philippe Clair Gaumont Film Company N/A
1985
Fandango
Kevin Reynolds Amblin Entertainment
Warner Bros. N/A
Cat's Eye
Lewis Teague De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer N/A
Back to the Future
Robert Zemeckis Amblin Entertainment
Universal Pictures Second collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
Nominated — Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media
Summer Rental
Carl Reiner Paramount Pictures N/A
1986
The Clan of the Cave Bear
Michael Chapman Producers Sales Organization
Warner Bros. N/A
The Delta Force
Menahem Golan Golan-Globus
The Cannon Group N/A
American Anthem
Albert Magnoli Lorimar Motion Pictures
Columbia Pictures (theatrical)
Warner Bros. (current rights) N/A
Flight of the Navigator
Randal Kleiser Walt Disney Pictures N/A
No Mercy
Richard Pearce TriStar Pictures N/A
1987
Critical Condition
Michael Apted Paramount Pictures N/A
Outrageous Fortune
Arthur Hiller Silver Screen Partners II
Interscope Communications
Touchstone Pictures BMI Film Music Award
Predator
John McTiernan Lawrence Gordon Productions
Silver Pictures
Davis Entertainment
20th Century Fox Saturn Award for Best Music
BMI Film Music Award
Overboard
Garry Marshall Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer N/A
1988
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Robert Zemeckis Amblin Entertainment
Touchstone Pictures Third collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Also conductor
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
BMI Film Music Award
Nominated — Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media
Mac and Me
Stewart Raffill Orion Pictures N/A
My Stepmother Is an Alien
Richard Benjamin Weintraub Entertainment Group
Columbia Pictures N/A
1989
She's Out of Control
Stan Dragoti Weintraub Entertainment Group
Columbia Pictures N/A
The Abyss
James Cameron Lightstorm Entertainment (special edition only)
20th Century Fox Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
Back to the Future Part II
Robert Zemeckis Amblin Entertainment
Universal Pictures Fourth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
BMI Film Music Award
1990s[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Studio
Notes
1990
Downtown
Richard Benjamin 20th Century Fox N/A
Back to the Future Part III
Robert Zemeckis Amblin Entertainment
Universal Pictures Fifth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Saturn Award for Best Music
BMI Film Music Award
Young Guns II
Geoff Murphy Morgan Creek Productions
20th Century Fox N/A
Predator 2
Stephen Hopkins Silver Pictures
Gordon Company
Davis Entertainment
20th Century Fox N/A
1991
Shattered
Wolfgang Petersen Davis Entertainment
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Also orchestrator
Replaced Angelo Badalamenti
Back to the Future: The Ride
David De Vos
Douglas Trumbull Universal Studios Florida Film in simulator ride
Soapdish
Michael Hoffman Paramount Pictures Also orchestrator
Dutch
Peter Faiman Hughes Entertainment
20th Century Fox Also pianist
Ricochet
Russell Mulcahy HBO Films
Silver Pictures
Warner Bros. Also conductor
Father of the Bride
Charles Shyer Sandollar Productions
Touchstone Pictures BMI Film Music Award
1992
Two-Fisted Tales
various Carolco Pictures Segment: Yellow
Segment was extracted to become an individual episode of Tales from the Crypt
Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot
Roger Spottiswoode Northern Lights Entertainment
Universal Pictures N/A
FernGully: The Last Rainforest
Bill Kroyer Kroyer Films
FAI Films
20th Century Fox N/A
Death Becomes Her
Robert Zemeckis Universal Pictures Sixth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
Diner
Graham Morris
Karen Peterson Marvel Productions Short film
The Bodyguard
Mick Jackson Tig Productions
Warner Bros. BMI Film Music Award
Sidekicks
Aaron Norris Triumph Films (original theatrical release)
Alliance Films (current rights) N/A
1993
In Search of the Obelisk
Douglas Trumbull
Arish Fyzee IMAX IMAX film
Cop and a Half
Henry Winkler Imagine Entertainment
Universal Pictures N/A
Super Mario Bros.
Rocky Morton
Annabel Jankel Allied Filmmakers
Cinergi Pictures
Hollywood Pictures Replaced Jerry Goldsmith
Judgment Night
Stephen Hopkins Largo Entertainment
Universal Pictures N/A
Grumpy Old Men
Donald Petrie Warner Bros. BMI Film Music Award
1994
Clean Slate
Mick Jackson Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer N/A
Forrest Gump
Robert Zemeckis Paramount Pictures Seventh collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Original Score
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
BMI Film Music Award
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score
Blown Away
Stephen Hopkins Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer N/A
Richie Rich
Donald Petrie Harvey Films
Silver Pictures
Davis Entertainment
Warner Bros. Family Entertainment N/A
1995
The Quick and the Dead
Sam Raimi TriStar Pictures N/A
The Perez Family
Mira Nair The Samuel Goldwyn Company N/A
Judge Dredd
Danny Cannon Cinergi Pictures
Hollywood Pictures Also conductor
Father of the Bride Part II
Charles Shyer Touchstone Pictures BMI Film Music Award
Grumpier Old Men
Howard Deutch Warner Bros. BMI Film Music Award
Also conductor
1996
Sgt. Bilko
Jonathan Lynn Imagine Entertainment
Universal Pictures Also conductor
Eraser
Chuck Russell Kopelson Entertainment
Warner Bros. BMI Film Music Award
Also conductor
The Long Kiss Goodnight
Renny Harlin New Line Cinema Also conductor
1997
Fools Rush In
Andy Tennant Columbia Pictures N/A
Volcano
Mick Jackson Original Film
Fox 2000 Pictures
20th Century Fox Also conductor
Contact
Robert Zemeckis Warner Bros. Eighth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
MouseHunt
Gore Verbinski Sesame Workshop
Working Title Films
DreamWorks Pictures N/A
1998
The Odd Couple II
Howard Deutch Paramount Pictures Also conductor
The Parent Trap
Nancy Meyers Walt Disney Pictures Also conductor
Holy Man
Stephen Herek Caravan Pictures
Touchstone Pictures Also conductor
Practical Magic
Griffin Dunne Village Roadshow Pictures
Warner Bros. Also conductor
Replaced Michael Nyman
1999
Siegfried & Roy: The Magic Box
Brett Leonard IMAX IMAX film
Stuart Little
Rob Minkoff Columbia Pictures ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Also conductor
2000s[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Studio
Notes
2000
Reindeer Games
John Frankenheimer Dimension Films
Miramax Films Also conductor
Cast Away
Robert Zemeckis ImageMovers
Playtone
20th Century Fox (US)
DreamWorks Pictures (International) Ninth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Also conductor
What Lies Beneath
Robert Zemeckis ImageMovers
DreamWorks Pictures (US)
20th Century Fox (International) Tenth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Also conductor and orchestrator (Uncredited)
2001
The Mexican
Gore Verbinski DreamWorks Pictures Also conductor and orchestrator
The Mummy Returns
Stephen Sommers Alphaville Films
Universal Pictures ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Serendipity
Peter Chelsom Tapestry Films
Miramax Films Also conductor
2002
Showtime
Tom Dey Village Roadshow Pictures
Warner Bros. Also conductor and orchestrator
Lilo & Stitch
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois Walt Disney Animation Studios
Walt Disney Pictures First collaboration with Chris Sanders
ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Nominated — Annie Award for Music in a Feature Production
Also choir arranger and conductor
Stuart Little 2
Rob Minkoff Red Wagon Entertainment
Columbia Pictures Also conductor
Maid in Manhattan
Wayne Wang Hughes Entertainment
Revolution Studios
Columbia Pictures N/A
2003
Identity
James Mangold Konrad Pictures
Columbia Pictures Also conductor
Replaced Angelo Badalamenti
Stitch! The Movie
Tony Craig
Bobs Gannaway Walt Disney Pictures with Michael Tavera
Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life
Jan de Bont Mutual Film Company
Lawrence Gordon Productions
Paramount Pictures Also conductor
Replaced Craig Armstrong
Two Soldiers
Aaron Schneider N/A Short film
Also conductor
2004
Van Helsing
Stephen Sommers Universal Pictures ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
Also conductor
The Polar Express
Robert Zemeckis Shangri-La Entertainment
ImageMovers
Playtone
Castle Rock Entertainment
Warner Bros. Eleventh collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Also conductor
ASCAP Award for Top Box Office Films
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Original Song
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song
Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Original Song
Nominated — World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film
2006
The Wild
Steve "Spaz" Williams C.O.R.E.
Walt Disney Pictures Also conductor
Night at the Museum
Shawn Levy 1492 Pictures
Ingenious Film Partners
21 Laps Entertainment
20th Century Fox Also conductor
2007
Beowulf
Robert Zemeckis Shangri-La Entertainment
ImageMovers
Paramount Pictures (US)
Warner Bros. (International) Twelfth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Nominated — World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film
Also conductor and orchestrator
2009
Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian
Shawn Levy Ingenious Film Partners
21 Laps Entertainment
Dune Entertainment
1492 Pictures
20th Century Fox Also conductor
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra
Stephen Sommers Hasbro
Spyglass Entertainment
Paramount Pictures Also conductor and orchestrator
G.I. Joe: The Invasion of Cobra Island
Rupinder Malhotra RM Productions Ltd.
Paramount Pictures N/A
A Christmas Carol
Robert Zemeckis ImageMovers Digital
Walt Disney Pictures Thirteenth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
Also lyricist, conductor and orchestrator
2010s[edit]
Year
Title
Director
Studio
Notes
2010
The A-Team
Joe Carnahan Dune Entertainment
Top Cow Productions
Scott Free Productions
20th Century Fox Also conductor and orchestrator
2011
Captain America: The First Avenger
Joe Johnston Marvel Studios
Paramount Pictures Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Music
BMI Film Music Award
Also conductor and orchestrator.
First contribution to the Marvel Cinematic Universe
2012
The Avengers
Joss Whedon Marvel Studios
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Known as Avengers Assemble in some territories
Also conductor and orchestrator.
Second contribution to the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Flight
Robert Zemeckis ImageMovers
Paramount Pictures Fourteenth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
2013
The Croods
Kirk DeMicco
Chris Sanders DreamWorks Animation
20th Century Fox Second collaboration with Chris Sanders
First DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by 20th Century Fox. Also conductor and orchestrator
RED 2
Dean Parisot DC Entertainment
di Bonaventura Pictures
Summit Entertainment
Lionsgate
2014
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb
Shawn Levy 1492 Pictures
21 Laps Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
20th Century Fox
2015
The Walk
Robert Zemeckis ImageMovers
TriStar Pictures Fifteenth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
2016
Allied
Robert Zemeckis GK Films
ImageMovers Sixteenth collaboration with Robert Zemeckis
2018
Ready Player One[11]
Steven Spielberg Village Roadshow Pictures
Amblin Entertainment
Warner Bros. Second Spielberg theatrical film without his long-time composer John Williams since The Color Purple (1985), Bridge of Spies (2015), and Silvestri's first collaboration with Steven Spielberg
Avengers: Infinity War
Anthony & Joe Russo Marvel Studios
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures First collaboration with Anthony & Joe Russo
Third contribution to the Marvel Cinematic Universe
2019
Untitled Avengers film
Anthony & Joe Russo Marvel Studios
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Second collaboration with Anthony & Joe Russo
Fourth contribution to the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Television series[edit]
Year
Title
Channel
Notes
1978–1979
Starsky & Hutch
ABC Episodes: "Deckwatch"
"Starsky's Brother"
"Sweet Revenge"
1978–1983
CHiPs
NBC 95 episodes
1983
Manimal
NBC
1983
T. J. Hooker
ABC – CBS Episode: "A Child Is Missing"
1986
Amazing Stories
NBC Episode: "Go to the Head of Class"
1989–1995
Tales from the Crypt
HBO Episodes: "And All Through the House"
"Abra Cadaver"
"Yellow"
"Beauty Rest"
"House of Horror"
"Till Death Do We Part"
"You, Murderer"
2014
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey
Fox/National Geographic Channel Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.alansilvestri.com/biography.htm
Jump up ^ Meredith May, "Alan Silvestri pairs music with wine", SFGate (June 7, 2013).
Jump up ^ ASCAP Henry Mancini Award, ASCAP. Accessed October 21, 2007. Mannhattan-born and Teaneck, New Jersey-bred, Silvestri attended Boston's prestigious Berklee College of Music before joining a Las Vegas band as a guitarist."
Jump up ^ Coutros, Evonne. "THE DRUMMER WHOM `GUMP' MARCHES TO", The Record (Bergen County), March 26, 1995. Accessed October 21, 2007. "Nearly three decades after Alan Silvestri drummed out beats for the Teaneck High School band, he's hoping to march to the podium Monday night to collect an Oscar."
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future musical announced". BBC News. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future: 80s movie gets musical makeover". theguardian.com. The Guardian. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Great Scott!' Musical version of Back To The Future set to open in London's West End in 2015". dailymail.co.uk. Daily Mail. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future musical set for West End in 2015". whatsonstage.com. Whats On Stage. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Home". Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 2009-11-26. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link). Silvestrivineyards.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
Jump up ^ TribLIVE: #(gSection.name)#[permanent dead link]. Pittsburghlive.com (2012-01-05). Retrieved on 2012-05-02.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference JWVariety2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
External links[edit]
AlanSilvestri.com
Alan Silvestri at AllMusic
Alan Silvestri on IMDb
Alan Silvestri at Soundtrackguide.net
Castell'Alfero (Italy) country of Asti of which it is City Honorarium
"Complete Alan Silvestri Discography". Retrieved January 2, 2017. [dead link]
[show]
v
t
e
Saturn Award for Best Music
Bernard Herrmann (1973)
Miklós Rózsa (1974/75)
David Raksin (1976)
John Williams/John Williams (1977)
John Williams (1978)
Miklós Rózsa (1979)
John Barry (1980)
John Williams (1981)
John Williams (1982)
James Horner (1983)
Jerry Goldsmith (1984)
Bruce Broughton (1985)
Alan Menken (1986)
Alan Silvestri (1987)
Christopher Young (1988)
Alan Silvestri (1989/90)
Loek Dikker (1991)
Angelo Badalamenti (1992)
Danny Elfman (1993)
Howard Shore (1994)
John Ottman (1995)
Danny Elfman (1996)
Danny Elfman (1997)
John Carpenter (1998)
Danny Elfman (1999)
James Horner (2000)
John Williams (2001)
Danny Elfman (2002)
Howard Shore (2003)
Alan Silvestri (2004)
John Williams (2005)
John Ottman (2006)
Alan Menken (2007)
James Newton Howard and Hans Zimmer (2008)
James Horner (2009)
Hans Zimmer (2010)
Michael Giacchino (2011)
Danny Elfman (2012)
Frank Ilfman (2013)
Hans Zimmer (2014)
John Williams (2015)
Justin Hurwitz (2016)
Note: The years are listed as per convention, usually the year of film release; the ceremonies are usually held the next year.
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 85511213
LCCN: n88646982
ISNI: 0000 0001 2142 1574
GND: 134522567
SUDOC: 05955715X
BNF: cb13928896j (data)
MusicBrainz: f4c53778-e48d-4da4-9ddd-cc007f715d64
BNE: XX1119206
IATH: w63x8cvv
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_Silvestri&oldid=804521491"
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