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Germany at the FIFA World Cup
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Germany national team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
This is a record of Germany and West Germany's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of FIFA, the sport's global governing body.
The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently takes place over the three years going to the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.[1]
For Germany's World Cup history, FIFA considers only the teams managed by the Deutscher Fußball-Bund, comprising three periods: Germany (during Nazi era), West Germany and reunified Germany. The Germany national football team is one of the most successful national teams at the FIFA World Cup, winning four titles, earning second-place and third-place finishes four times each and one fourth-place finish. If you consider 3rd place or better for a winning campaign, Germany's 12 victories in 19 tournaments add up to at least three more than any other nation. In addition, Germany are the only team which has stood on the podium (3rd place or better) every decade there was a tournament held—1930s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Along with Argentina, Brazil and Spain, they are one of the four national teams to win outside their continental confederation, with the title of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in South America. The team was present in 19 out of the 21 tournaments, the second most frequent, and only did not reach the quarterfinals twice, in 1938 and 2018. With this, Germany's 8th place or better (quarterfinals) in 17 out of 19 tournaments (89%) ranks highest in FIFA World Cup Finals history. It makes Germany the better team in the history of the tournament in terms of final positions, if points were awarded proportionally for a title, runner-up finish, third-place finish, semi-final and quarter-final appearances.
Contents
1 Records
1.1 Winning World Cups
2 FIFA World Cup finals
2.1 1954 World Cup Final v Hungary
2.2 1966 World Cup Final v England
2.3 1974 World Cup Final v the Netherlands
2.4 1982 World Cup Final v Italy
2.5 1986 World Cup Final v Argentina
2.6 1990 World Cup Final v Argentina
2.7 2002 World Cup Final v Brazil
2.8 2014 World Cup Final v Argentina
3 Record players
4 Top goalscorers
5 By match
6 By opponent
7 References
8 External links
Records[edit]
1930–1938 as → → Germany
1950–1990 as West Germany
1994–present as Germany
Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place
FIFA World Cup finals record
Qualifications record
Year
Round
Position
GP
W
D*
L
GF
GA
Squad
GP
W
D
L
GF
GA
1930 Did not enter
Did not enter —
1934 Third place 3rd 4 3 0 1 11 8 Squad 1 1 0 0 9 1 1934
1938 First round 10th 2 0 1 1 3 5 Squad 3 3 0 0 11 1 1938
1950 Banned from entering 1950
1954 Champions 1st 6 5 0 1 25 14 Squad 4 3 1 0 12 3 1954
1958 Fourth place 4th 6 2 2 2 12 14 Squad Qualified as defending champions 1958
1962 Quarter-finals 7th 4 2 1 1 4 2 Squad 4 4 0 0 11 5 1962
1966 Runners-up 2nd 6 4 1 1 15 6 Squad 4 3 1 0 14 2 1966
1970 Third place 3rd 6 5 0 1 17 10 Squad 6 5 1 0 20 3 1970
1974 Champions 1st 7 6 0 1 13 4 Squad Qualified as hosts 1974
1978 Second group stage 6th 6 1 4 1 10 5 Squad Qualified as defending champions 1978
1982 Runners-up 2nd 7 3 2 2 12 10 Squad 8 8 0 0 33 3 1982
1986 Runners-up 2nd 7 3 2 2 8 7 Squad 8 5 2 1 22 9 1986
1990 Champions 1st 7 5 2 0 15 5 Squad 6 3 3 0 13 3 1990
1994 Quarter-finals 5th 5 3 1 1 9 7 Squad Qualified as defending champions 1994
1998 Quarter-finals 7th 5 3 1 1 8 6 Squad 10 6 4 0 23 9 1998
2002 Runners-up 2nd 7 5 1 1 14 3 Squad 10 6 3 1 19 12 2002
2006 Third place 3rd 7 5 1 1 14 6 Squad Qualified as hosts 2006
2010 Third place 3rd 7 5 0 2 16 5 Squad 10 8 2 0 26 5 2010
2014 Champions 1st 7 6 1 0 18 4 Squad 10 9 1 0 36 10 2014
2018 Group stage 22nd 3 1 0 2 2 4 Squad 10 10 0 0 43 4 2018
2022 To be decided - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2022
2026 To be decided - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2026
Total
19/21
4 titles
109
67
20*
22
226
125
94
74
18
2
292
70
Total
*Denotes draws including knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.
**Red border indicates tournament was held on home soil.

showGermany's World Cup record
First Match
Germany 5–2 Belgium
(27 May 1934; Florence, Italy)
Biggest Win
Germany 8–0 Saudi Arabia
(1 June 2002; Sapporo, Japan)
Biggest Defeat
Hungary 8-3 West Germany
(20 June 1954; Basel, Switzerland)
Best Result
Champions at the 1954, 1974, 1990, and 2014 World Cups
Worst Result
Round 1 in 1938, Group Stage in 2018
Winning World Cups[edit]
Year
Manager
Captain
Winning Goal Scorer(s)
1954 Sepp Herberger Fritz Walter Helmut Rahn
1974 Helmut Schön Franz Beckenbauer Gerd Müller
1990 Franz Beckenbauer Lothar Matthäus Andreas Brehme
2014 Joachim Löw Philipp Lahm Mario Götze
FIFA World Cup finals[edit]
1954 World Cup Final v Hungary[edit]
Main article: 1954 FIFA World Cup Final
Only 14 days before the final, Germany played the favoured Hungarian Golden Team in the first round of the tournament and suffered a 3-8 loss, their highest World Cup defeat to this day. In the final, Hungary was up by two goals after only eight minutes, so it came as a surprise that the German team not only quickly equalized but turned the game around in the 84th minute with a goal scored by Helmut Rahn.
4 July 1954 (1954-07-04)17:00 CET
West Germany
3–2
Hungary
Morlock 10'
Rahn 18', 84'
Report
Puskás 6'
Czibor 8'
Wankdorf Stadium, Bern
Attendance: 62,500
Referee: William Ling
GK 1 Toni Turek
RB 7 Josef Posipal
CB 10 Werner Liebrich
LB 3 Werner Kohlmeyer
HB 6 Horst Eckel
HB 8 Karl Mai
IR 13 Max Morlock
IL 16 Fritz Walter (c)
OR 12 Helmut Rahn
CF 15 Ottmar Walter
OL 20 Hans Schäfer
Manager:
Sepp Herberger
GK 1 Gyula Grosics
RB 2 Jenő Buzánszky
CB 3 Gyula Lóránt
LB 4 Mihály Lantos
HB 5 József Bozsik
HB 6 József Zakariás
RW 11 Zoltán Czibor
AM 9 Nándor Hidegkuti
LW 20 Mihály Tóth
CF 8 Sándor Kocsis
CF 10 Ferenc Puskás (c)
Manager:
Gusztáv Sebes
1966 World Cup Final v England[edit]
Main article: 1966 FIFA World Cup Final
The strongly contested game between Germany and host nation England went into extra time after a score of 2-2 after 90 minutes. Geoff Hurst's goal in the 101st minute is one of the most controversial in football history: His shot bounced off the cross-bar onto the ground and back away from the goal. After a brief discussion with the Soviet linesman Tofiq Bahramov, referee Gottfried Dienst awarded the goal. With the Germans forced to press for the equalizer, Hurst converted a counter attack in the 120th minute and decided the match for England.
30 July 196615:00 BST
England
4–2 (a.e.t.)
West Germany
Hurst 18', 101', 120'
Peters 78' Report Haller 12'
Weber 89'
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 96,924
Referee: Gottfried Dienst
GK 1 Gordon Banks
RB 2 George Cohen
CB 5 Jack Charlton
CB 6 Bobby Moore (c)
LB 3 Ray Wilson
DM 4 Nobby Stiles
RM 7 Alan Ball
AM 9 Bobby Charlton
LM 16 Martin Peters 20'
CF 10 Geoff Hurst
CF 21 Roger Hunt
Manager:
Alf Ramsey
GK 1 Hans Tilkowski
RB 2 Horst-Dieter Höttges
CB 5 Willi Schulz
CB 6 Wolfgang Weber
LB 3 Karl-Heinz Schnellinger
CM 4 Franz Beckenbauer
CM 12 Wolfgang Overath
RF 8 Helmut Haller
CF 9 Uwe Seeler (c)
CF 10 Sigfried Held
LF 11 Lothar Emmerich
Manager:
Helmut Schön
1974 World Cup Final v the Netherlands[edit]
Main article: 1974 FIFA World Cup Final
Germany reached the final as host nation in 1974 and were facing their neighbours and rivals from the Netherlands. After an early penalty scored by Johan Neeskens, Germany turned the game around to win their second World Cup trophy.
7 July 197416:00 (CET)
Netherlands
1–2
West Germany
Neeskens 2' (pen.) Report Breitner 25' (pen.)
Müller 43'
Olympiastadion, Munich
Attendance: 75,200
Referee: Jack Taylor
GK 8 Jan Jongbloed
RB 20 Wim Suurbier
CB 17 Wim Rijsbergen 69'
CB 2 Arie Haan
LB 12 Ruud Krol
RM 6 Wim Jansen
CM 13 Johan Neeskens 40'
LM 3 Willem van Hanegem 23'
RF 16 Johnny Rep
CF 14 Johan Cruyff (c) 45'
LF 15 Rob Rensenbrink 46'
Substitutes:
GK 18 Piet Schrijvers
DF 5 Rinus Israël
MF 7 Theo de Jong 69'
MF 10 René van de Kerkhof 46'
FW 9 Piet Keizer
Manager:
Rinus Michels
GK 1 Sepp Maier
RB 2 Berti Vogts 4'
CB 5 Franz Beckenbauer (c)
CB 4 Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck
LB 3 Paul Breitner
RM 16 Rainer Bonhof
CM 14 Uli Hoeneß
LM 12 Wolfgang Overath
RF 9 Jürgen Grabowski
CF 13 Gerd Müller
LF 17 Bernd Hölzenbein
Substitutes:
GK 21 Norbert Nigbur
DF 6 Horst-Dieter Höttges
MF 8 Bernhard Cullmann
MF 15 Heinz Flohe
FW 11 Jupp Heynckes
Manager:
Helmut Schön
1982 World Cup Final v Italy[edit]
Main article: 1982 FIFA World Cup Final
Paul Breitner became only the third player in World Cup history to have scored in two separate finals, but only after the Italians had already taken a 3-0 lead after 81 minutes.
11 July 198220:00 CEST
Italy
3–1
West Germany
Rossi 57'
Tardelli 69'
Altobelli 81' Report Breitner 83'
Estadio Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid
Attendance: 90,000
Referee: Arnaldo Cézar Coelho
GK 1 Dino Zoff (c)
SW 7 Gaetano Scirea
CB 6 Claudio Gentile
CB 5 Fulvio Collovati
RWB 3 Giuseppe Bergomi
LWB 4 Antonio Cabrini
DM 13 Gabriele Oriali 73'
RM 16 Bruno Conti 31'
CM 14 Marco Tardelli
LW 19 Francesco Graziani 7'
CF 20 Paolo Rossi
Substitutions:
GK 12 Ivano Bordon
MF 10 Giuseppe Dossena
MF 11 Giampiero Marini
MF 15 Franco Causio 89'
FW 18 Alessandro Altobelli 7' 89'
Manager:
Enzo Bearzot
GK 1 Harald Schumacher
SW 15 Uli Stielike 73'
RB 20 Manfred Kaltz
CB 4 Karlheinz Förster
LB 5 Bernd Förster
RM 6 Wolfgang Dremmler 61' 62'
CM 3 Paul Breitner
LM 2 Hans-Peter Briegel
RW 11 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (c) 70'
LW 7 Pierre Littbarski 88'
CF 8 Klaus Fischer
Substitutions:
GK 21 Bernd Franke
DF 12 Wilfried Hannes
MF 10 Hansi Müller 70'
MF 14 Felix Magath
FW 9 Horst Hrubesch 62'
Manager:
Jupp Derwall
1986 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]
Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Final
With the highest attendance ever at a FIFA World Cup final, West Germany faced Argentina in Mexico City. Although the South Americans' star player Diego Maradona was closely guarded by the German team, he assisted the decisive 3-2 scored by Jorge Burruchaga, ensuring his country's second World Cup win. Late during the match, three yellow cards were given to Argentinians for time wasting.
29 June 198612:00 CST
Argentina
3–2
West Germany
Brown 23'
Valdano 56'
Burruchaga 84' Report Rummenigge 74'
Völler 81'
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Attendance: 114,600
Referee: Romualdo Arppi Filho
GK 18 Nery Pumpido 85'
SW 5 José Luis Brown
CB 9 José Cuciuffo
CB 19 Oscar Ruggeri
RWB 14 Ricardo Giusti
LWB 16 Julio Olarticoechea 77'
DM 2 Sergio Batista
CM 12 Héctor Enrique 81'
AM 7 Jorge Burruchaga 90'
SS 10 Diego Maradona (c) 17'
CF 11 Jorge Valdano
Substitutions:
MF 21 Marcelo Trobbiani 90'
Manager:
Carlos Bilardo
GK 1 Harald Schumacher
SW 17 Ditmar Jakobs
CB 4 Karlheinz Förster
CB 2 Hans-Peter Briegel 62'
RWB 14 Thomas Berthold
LWB 3 Andreas Brehme
CM 6 Norbert Eder
CM 8 Lothar Matthäus 21'
AM 10 Felix Magath 62'
CF 11 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (c)
CF 19 Klaus Allofs 46'
Substitutions:
FW 9 Rudi Völler 46'
FW 20 Dieter Hoeneß 62'
Manager:
Franz Beckenbauer
1990 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]
Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup Final
For this re-match of the 1986 Final, Argentina played extremely defensively. Defender Pedro Monzón became the first player ever to receive a red card in a World Cup final, only to be joined by team mate Gustavo Dezotti 22 minutes later. Although West Germany was the dominating side with 23:1 shots, it is fitting that the rough match was decided by a penalty kick taken by Andreas Brehme.
Franz Beckenbauer achieved the feat to lose and then win a World Cup final each as player (1966, 1974) and manager (1986, 1990).
8 July 199020:00 UTC+2
West Germany
1–0
Argentina
Brehme 85' (pen.) Report
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 73,603
Referee: Edgardo Codesal
GK 1 Bodo Illgner
SW 5 Klaus Augenthaler
CB 6 Guido Buchwald
CB 4 Jürgen Kohler
RWB 14 Thomas Berthold 73'
LWB 3 Andreas Brehme
CM 8 Thomas Häßler
CM 10 Lothar Matthäus (c)
CM 7 Pierre Littbarski
CF 9 Rudi Völler 52'
CF 18 Jürgen Klinsmann
Substitutes:
GK 12 Raimond Aumann
DF 2 Stefan Reuter 73'
MF 15 Uwe Bein
MF 20 Olaf Thon
FW 13 Karl-Heinz Riedle
Manager:
Franz Beckenbauer
GK 12 Sergio Goycochea
SW 20 Juan Simón
CB 18 José Serrizuela
CB 19 Oscar Ruggeri 46'
RWB 4 José Basualdo
LWB 17 Roberto Sensini
DM 13 Néstor Lorenzo
CM 21 Pedro Troglio 84'
AM 10 Diego Maradona (c) 87'
CM 7 Jorge Burruchaga 53'
CF 9 Gustavo Dezotti 5', 87'
Substitutes:
GK 22 Fabián Cancelarich
DF 5 Edgardo Bauza
DF 15 Pedro Monzón 65' 46'
MF 6 Gabriel Calderón 53'
FW 3 Abel Balbo
Manager:
Carlos Bilardo
2002 World Cup Final v Brazil[edit]
Main article: 2002 FIFA World Cup Final
With only one goal against during the six matches leading up to the final, hopes were on the German defence to withstand Brazil's star quality strikers. Germany's playmaker Michael Ballack was suspended for the final after picking his second yellow card of the tournament in the semi-final against South Korea. Two goals from Ronaldo in the middle of the second half decided the match in favour of the South Americans and ensured their record fifth title.
30 June 200220:00 UTC+9
Germany
0–2
Brazil
Report Ronaldo 67', 79'
International Stadium, Yokohama
Attendance: 69,029
Referee: Pierluigi Collina
GK 1 Oliver Kahn (c)
CB 2 Thomas Linke
CB 5 Carsten Ramelow
CB 21 Christoph Metzelder
RM 22 Torsten Frings
CM 8 Dietmar Hamann
CM 16 Jens Jeremies 77'
LM 17 Marco Bode 84'
AM 19 Bernd Schneider
CF 11 Miroslav Klose 9' 74'
CF 7 Oliver Neuville
Substitutes:
FW 20 Oliver Bierhoff 74'
FW 14 Gerald Asamoah 77'
MF 6 Christian Ziege 84'
Manager:
Rudi Völler
GK 1 Marcos
CB 3 Lúcio
CB 5 Edmílson
CB 4 Roque Júnior 6'
RM 2 Cafu (c)
CM 8 Gilberto Silva
CM 15 Kléberson
LM 6 Roberto Carlos
AM 11 Ronaldinho 85'
CF 10 Rivaldo
CF 9 Ronaldo 90'
Substitutes:
MF 19 Juninho 85'
MF 17 Denílson 90'
Manager:
Brazil Luiz Felipe Scolari
2014 World Cup Final v Argentina[edit]
Main article: 2014 FIFA World Cup Final
Despite defeating host country Brazil 7–1, Germany was supported by the home fans due to Brazil's rivalry with Argentina . This record third match-up of two teams in World Cup finals saw good chances for both sides in regular time, but stayed goalless until substitute striker Mario Götze scored during the second half of extra time, in the 113th minute. The fourth title was the first since Germany's reunification in October 1990.
13 July 201416:00 UTC−3
Germany
1–0 (a.e.t.)
Argentina
Götze 113'
Report
Estádio do Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro
Attendance: 74,738
Referee: Nicola Rizzoli
GK 1 Manuel Neuer
RB 16 Philipp Lahm (c)
CB 20 Jérôme Boateng
CB 5 Mats Hummels
LB 4 Benedikt Höwedes 34'
CM 23 Christoph Kramer 31'
CM 7 Bastian Schweinsteiger 29'
CM 18 Toni Kroos
RW 13 Thomas Müller
LW 8 Mesut Özil 120'
CF 11 Miroslav Klose 88'
Substitutions:
FW 9 André Schürrle 31'
MF 19 Mario Götze 88'
DF 17 Per Mertesacker 120'
Manager:
Joachim Löw
GK 1 Sergio Romero
RB 4 Pablo Zabaleta
CB 15 Martín Demichelis
CB 2 Ezequiel Garay
LB 16 Marcos Rojo
CM 14 Javier Mascherano 64'
CM 6 Lucas Biglia
RW 8 Enzo Pérez 86'
LW 22 Ezequiel Lavezzi 46'
SS 10 Lionel Messi (c)
CF 9 Gonzalo Higuaín 78'
Substitutions:
FW 20 Sergio Agüero 65' 46'
FW 18 Rodrigo Palacio 78'
MF 5 Fernando Gago 86'
Manager:
Alejandro Sabella
Record players[edit]
Lothar Matthäus is the FIFA World Cup's all-time record player. In addition, along with Antonio Carbajal and Rafael Márquez from Mexico, he is one of the few players to have been fielded in five FIFA World Cups.
Miroslav Klose, who is only one match behind, also holds the record for most victories at FIFA World Cups (17).
No.
Name
Matches
World Cups
1 Lothar Matthäus 25 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998
2 Miroslav Klose 24 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014
3 Uwe Seeler 21 1958, 1962, 1966 and 1970
4 Philipp Lahm 20 2006, 2010 and 2014
Bastian Schweinsteiger 20 2006, 2010 and 2014
6 Wolfgang Overath 19 1966, 1970 and 1974
Berti Vogts 19 1970, 1974 and 1978
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 19 1978, 1982 and 1986
Per Mertesacker 19 2006, 2010 and 2014
10 Franz Beckenbauer 18 1966, 1970 and 1974
Sepp Maier 18 1970, 1974 and 1978
Thomas Berthold 18 1986, 1990 and 1994
Top goalscorers[edit]
Since 2014, Miroslav Klose is the all-time top goalscorer at FIFA World Cup final tournaments. Gerd Müller used to be the holder of that record from 1974 until it was broken by Ronaldo in 2006.
No.
Name
Goals
World Cups
1 Miroslav Klose 16 2002 (5), 2006 (5), 2010 (4) and 2014 (2)
2 Gerd Müller 14 1970 (10) and 1974 (4)
3 Jürgen Klinsmann 11 1990 (3), 1994 (5) and 1998 (3)
4 Thomas Müller 10 2010 (5) and 2014 (5)
Helmut Rahn 10 1954 (4) and 1958 (6)
6 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge 9 1978 (3), 1982 (5) and 1986 (1)
Uwe Seeler 9 1958 (2), 1962 (2), 1966 (2) and 1970 (3)
8 Rudi Völler 8 1986 (3), 1990 (3) and 1994 (2)
9 Hans Schäfer 7 1954 (4) and 1958 (3)
10 Helmut Haller 6 1966
Lothar Matthäus 6 1986 (1), 1990 (4) and 1994 (1)
Max Morlock 6 1954
By match[edit]
showYear as
Round
Against
Score
Scorers
1934 Round 1 Belgium 5–2 Kobierski, Siffing, Conen (3)
Quarter-final Sweden 2–1 Hohmann (2)
Semi-final Czechoslovakia 1–3 Noack
Third place match Austria 3–2 Lehner (2), Conen
1938 Round 1 Switzerland 1–1 (AET) Gauchel
Round 1 (replay) Switzerland 2–4 Hahnemann, Lörtscher (o.g.)
1954 Group 2 Turkey 4–1 Schäfer, Klodt, O. Walter, Morlock
Group 2 Hungary 3–8 Pfaff, Rahn, Herrmann
Play-off Turkey 7–2 O. Walter, Schäfer (2), Morlock (3), F. Walter
Quarter-final Yugoslavia 2–0 Horvath (o.g.), Rahn
Semi-final Austria 6–1 Schäfer, Morlock, F. Walter (2), O. Walter (2)
Final Hungary 3–2 Morlock, Rahn (2)
1958 Group 1 Argentina 3–1 Rahn (2), Seeler
Group 1 Czechoslovakia 2–2 Schäfer, Rahn
Group 1 Northern Ireland 2–2 Rahn, Seeler
Quarter-final Yugoslavia 1–0 Rahn
Semi-final Sweden 1–3 Schäfer
Third place match France 3–6 Cieslarczyk, Rahn, Schäfer
1962 Group 2 Italy 0–0
Group 2 Switzerland 2–1 Brülls, Seeler
Group 2 Chile 2–0 Szymaniak, Seeler
Quarter-final Yugoslavia 0–1
1966 Group 2 Switzerland 5–0 Held, Haller (2), Beckenbauer (2)
Group 2 Argentina 0–0
Group 2 Spain 2–1 Emmerich, Seeler
Quarter-final Uruguay 4–0 Haller (2), Beckenbauer, Seeler
Semi-final Soviet Union 2–1 Haller, Beckenbauer
Final England 2–4 (AET) Haller, Weber
1970 Group 4 Morocco 2–1 Seeler, Müller
Group 4 Bulgaria 5–2 Libuda, Müller (3), Seeler
Group 4 Peru 3–1 Müller (3)
Quarter-final England 3–2 (AET) Beckenbauer, Seeler, Müller
Semi-final Italy 3–4 (AET) Schnellinger, Müller (2)
Third place match Uruguay 1–0 Overath
1974 Group 1 Chile 1–0 Breitner
Group 1 Australia 3–0 Overath, Cullmann, Müller
Group 1 East Germany 0–1
Group B (Round 2) Yugoslavia 2–0 Breitner, Müller
Group B (Round 2) Sweden 4–2 Overath, Bonhof, Grabowski, Hoeneß
Group B (Round 2) Poland 1–0 Müller
Final Netherlands 2–1 Breitner, Müller
1978 Group 2 Poland 0–0
Group 2 Mexico 6–0 D. Müller, H. Müller, Rummenigge (2), Flohe (2)
Group 2 Tunisia 0–0
Group A (Round 2) Italy 0–0
Group A (Round 2) Netherlands 2–2 Abramczik, D. Müller
Group A (Round 2) Austria 2–3 Rummenigge, Hölzenbein
1982 Group 2 Algeria 1–2 Rummenigge
Group 2 Chile 4–1 Rummenigge (3), Reinders
Group 2 Austria 1–0 Hrubesch
Group B (Round 2) England 0–0
Group B (Round 2) Spain 2–1 Littbarski, Fischer
Semi-final France 3–3 (AET), 5–4 (p) Littbarski, Rummenigge, Fischer
Final Italy 1–3 Breitner
1986 Group E Uruguay 1–1 Allofs
Group E Scotland 2–1 Völler, Allofs
Group E Denmark 0–2
Round of 16 Morocco 1–0 Matthäus
Quarter-final Mexico 0–0 (AET), 4–1 (p)
Semi-final France 2–0 Brehme, Völler
Final Argentina 2–3 Rummenigge, Völler
1990 Group D Yugoslavia 4–1 Matthäus (2), Klinsmann, Völler
Group D United Arab Emirates 5–1 Völler (2), Klinsmann, Matthäus, Bein
Group D Colombia 1–1 Littbarski
Round of 16 Netherlands 2–1 Klinsmann, Brehme
Quarter-final Czechoslovakia 1–0 Matthäus
Semi-final England 1–1 (AET), 4–3 (p) Brehme
Final Argentina 1–0 Brehme
1994 Group C Bolivia 1–0 Klinsmann
Group C Spain 1–1 Klinsmann
Group C South Korea 3–2 Klinsmann (2), Riedle
Round of 16 Belgium 3–2 Völler (2), Klinsmann
Quarter-final Bulgaria 1–2 Matthäus
1998 Group F United States 2–0 Möller, Klinsmann
Group F Yugoslavia 2–2 Mihajlović (o.g.), Bierhoff
Group F Iran 2–0 Bierhoff, Klinsmann
Round of 16 Mexico 2–1 Klinsmann, Bierhoff
Quarter-final Croatia 0–3
2002 Group E Saudi Arabia 8–0 Klose (3), Ballack, Jancker, Linke, Bierhoff, Schneider
Group E Republic of Ireland 1–1 Klose
Group E Cameroon 2–0 Bode, Klose
Round of 16 Paraguay 1–0 Neuville
Quarter-final United States 1–0 Ballack
Semi-final South Korea 1–0 Ballack
Final Brazil 0–2
2006 Group A Costa Rica 4–2 Lahm, Klose (2), Frings
Group A Poland 1–0 Neuville
Group A Ecuador 3–0 Klose (2), Podolski
Round of 16 Sweden 2–0 Podolski (2)
Quarter-final Argentina 1–1 (AET), 4–2 (p) Klose
Semi-final Italy 0–2 (AET)
Third place match Portugal 3–1 Schweinsteiger (2), Petit (o.g.)
2010 Group D Australia 4–0 Podolski, Klose, Müller, Cacau
Group D Serbia 0–1
Group D Ghana 1–0 Özil
Round of 16 England 4–1 Klose, Podolski, Müller (2)
Quarter-final Argentina 4–0 Müller, Klose (2), Friedrich
Semi-final Spain 0–1
Third place match Uruguay 3–2 Müller, Jansen, Khedira
2014 Group G Portugal 4–0 Müller (3), Hummels
Group G Ghana 2–2 Götze, Klose
Group G United States 1–0 Müller
Round of 16 Algeria 2–1 (AET) Schürrle, Özil
Quarter-final France 1–0 Hummels
Semi-final Brazil 7–1 Müller, Klose, Kroos (2), Khedira, Schürrle (2)
Final Argentina 1–0 (AET) Götze
2018 Group F Mexico 0–1
Group F Sweden 2–1 Reus, Kroos
Group F South Korea 0–2
By opponent[edit]
Legend
Won more than lost
Won equals lost
Lost more than won
Opponent
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Win %
Argentina 7 4 2 1 12 5 +7 57.14%
Yugoslavia 6 4 1 1 11 4 +7 66.67%
Sweden 5 4 0 1 11 7 +4 80.00%
England 5 2 2 1 10 8 +2 40.00%
Italy 5 0 2 3 4 9 −5 0.00%
Uruguay 4 3 1 0 9 3 +6 75.00%
Austria 4 3 0 1 12 6 +6 75.00%
Mexico 4 2 1 1 8 2 +6 50.00%
Switzerland 4 2 1 1 10 6 +4 50.00%
Spain 4 2 1 1 5 4 +1 50.00%
France 4 2 1 1 9 9 0 50.00%
Chile 3 3 0 0 7 1 +6 100.00%
United States 3 3 0 0 4 0 +4 100.00%
Netherlands 3 2 1 0 6 4 +2 66.67%
Poland 3 2 1 0 2 0 +2 66.67%
South Korea 3 2 0 1 4 4 0 66.67%
Czechoslovakia 3 1 1 1 4 5 −1 33.33%
Turkey 2 2 0 0 11 3 +8 100.00%
Australia 2 2 0 0 7 0 +7 100.00%
Portugal 2 2 0 0 7 1 +6 100.00%
Belgium 2 2 0 0 8 4 +4 100.00%
Morocco 2 2 0 0 3 1 +2 100.00%
Ghana 2 1 1 0 3 2 +1 50.00%
Brazil 2 1 0 1 7 3 +4 50.00%
Bulgaria 2 1 0 1 6 4 +2 50.00%
Algeria 2 1 0 1 3 3 0 50.00%
Hungary 2 1 0 1 6 10 −4 50.00%
Saudi Arabia 1 1 0 0 8 0 +8 100.00%
United Arab Emirates 1 1 0 0 5 1 +4 100.00%
Ecuador 1 1 0 0 3 0 +3 100.00%
Costa Rica 1 1 0 0 4 2 +2 100.00%
Peru 1 1 0 0 3 1 +2 100.00%
Cameroon 1 1 0 0 2 0 +2 100.00%
Iran 1 1 0 0 2 0 +2 100.00%
Scotland 1 1 0 0 2 1 +1 100.00%
Soviet Union 1 1 0 0 2 1 +1 100.00%
Bolivia 1 1 0 0 1 0 +1 100.00%
Paraguay 1 1 0 0 1 0 +1 100.00%
Northern Ireland 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 0.00%
Colombia 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0.00%
Republic of Ireland 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0.00%
Tunisia 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.00%
East Germany 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 0.00%
Serbia 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 0.00%
Denmark 1 0 0 1 0 2 −2 0.00%
Croatia 1 0 0 1 0 3 −3 0.00%
Total (46)
109
67
20
22
226
125
+101
61.47%
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 2006 FIFA World Cup TV Coverage Archived June 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF), FIFA.com. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
External links[edit]
DFB's German national football team page
FIFA Official Ranking of all Participants at Finals 1930–2002. FIFA Match Results for all Stages 1930–2002
FIFA official site
show
West Germany/Germany FIFA World Cup squads
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Germany squad – 1934 FIFA World Cup third place
GK Buchloh
GK Jakob
GK Kreß
DF Bender
DF Busch
DF Haringer
DF Schwartz
MF Albrecht
MF Gramlich
MF Janes
MF Münzenberg
MF Szepan (c)
MF Zielinski
FW Conen
FW Dienert
FW Heidemann
FW Hohmann
FW Kobierski
FW Lehner
FW Noack
FW Siffling
FW Streb
Coach: Nerz
show
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Germany squad – 1938 FIFA World Cup
GK Buchloh
GK Jakob
GK Raftl
DF Janes
DF Münzenberg
DF Schmaus
MF Goldbrunner
MF Kitzinger
MF Kupfer
MF Mock
MF Wagner
FW Gauchel
FW Gellesch
FW Hahnemann
FW Lehner
FW Neumer
FW Pesser
FW Siffling
FW Skoumal
FW Streitle
FW Stroh
FW Szepan (c)
Coach: Herberger
show
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West Germany squad – 1954 FIFA World Cup winners (1st title)
1 Turek
2 Laband
3 Kohlmeyer
4 Bauer
5 Erhardt
6 Eckel
7 Posipal
8 Mai
9 Mebus
10 Liebrich
11 Metzner
12 Rahn
13 Morlock
14 Klodt
15 O. Walter
16 F. Walter (c)
17 Herrmann
18 Biesinger
19 Pfaff
20 Schäfer
21 Kubsch
22 Kwiatkowski
Coach: Herberger
show
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West Germany squad – 1958 FIFA World Cup fourth place
1 Herkenrath
2 Erhardt
3 Juskowiak
4 Eckel
5 Wewers
6 Szymaniak
7 Stollenwerk
8 Rahn
9 Walter
10 Schmidt
11 Schäfer (c)
12 Seeler
13 Klodt
14 Cieslarczyk
15 Kelbassa
16 Sturm
17 Schnellinger
18 Hoffmann
19 Peters
20 Nuber
21 Sawitzki
22 Kwiatkowski
Coach: Herberger
show
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West Germany squad – 1962 FIFA World Cup
1 Tilkowski
2 Erhardt
3 Schnellinger
4 Schulz
5 Wilden
6 Szymaniak
7 Koslowski
8 Haller
9 Seeler
10 Brülls
11 Schäfer (c)
12 Nowak
13 Kurbjuhn
14 Werner
15 Giesemann
16 Sturm
17 Kraus
18 Herrmann
19 Strehl
20 Vollmar
21 Sawitzki
22 Fahrian
Coach: Herberger
show
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West Germany squad – 1966 FIFA World Cup runners-up
1 Tilkowski
2 Höttges
3 Schnellinger
4 Beckenbauer
5 Schulz
6 Weber
7 Brülls
8 Haller
9 Seeler (c)
10 Held
11 Emmerich
12 Overath
13 Hornig
14 Lutz
15 Patzke
16 Lorenz
17 Paul
18 Sieloff
19 Krämer
20 Grabowski
21 Bernard
22 Maier
Coach: Schön
show
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West Germany squad – 1970 FIFA World Cup third place
1 Maier
2 Höttges
3 Schnellinger
4 Beckenbauer
5 Schulz
6 Weber
7 Vogts
8 Haller
9 Seeler (c)
10 Held
11 Fichtel
12 Overath
13 Müller
14 Libuda
15 Patzke
16 Lorenz
17 Löhr
18 Sieloff
19 Dietrich
20 Grabowski
21 Manglitz
22 Wolter
Coach: Schön
show
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West Germany squad – 1974 FIFA World Cup winners (2nd title)
1 Maier
2 Vogts
3 Breitner
4 Schwarzenbeck
5 Beckenbauer (c)
6 Höttges
7 Wimmer
8 Cullmann
9 Grabowski
10 Netzer
11 Heynckes
12 Overath
13 Müller
14 Hoeneß
15 Flohe
16 Bonhof
17 Hölzenbein
18 Herzog
19 Kapellmann
20 Kremers
21 Nigbur
22 Kleff
Coach: Schön
show
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West Germany squad – 1978 FIFA World Cup
1 Maier
2 Vogts (c)
3 Dietz
4 Rüssmann
5 Kaltz
6 Bonhof
7 Abramczik
8 Zimmermann
9 Fischer
10 Flohe
11 Rummenigge
12 Schwarzenbeck
13 Konopka
14 D. Müller
15 Beer
16 Cullmann
17 Hölzenbein
18 Zewe
19 Worm
20 H. Müller
21 Kargus
22 Burdenski
Coach: Schön
show
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West Germany squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup runners-up
1 Schumacher
2 Briegel
3 Breitner
4 K. Förster
5 B. Förster
6 Dremmler
7 Littbarski
8 Fischer
9 Hrubesch
10 Müller
11 Rummenigge (c)
12 Hannes
13 Reinders
14 Magath
15 Stielike
16 T. Allofs
17 Engels
18 Matthäus
19 Hieronymus
20 Kaltz
21 Franke
22 Immel
Coach: Derwall
show
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West Germany squad – 1986 FIFA World Cup runners-up
1 Schumacher (c)
2 Briegel
3 Brehme
4 Förster
5 Herget
6 Eder
7 Littbarski
8 Matthäus
9 Völler
10 Magath
11 Rummenigge
12 Stein
13 Allgöwer
14 Berthold
15 Augenthaler
16 Thon
17 Jakobs
18 Rahn
19 K. Allofs
20 Hoeneß
21 Rolff
22 Immel
Coach: Beckenbauer
show
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West Germany squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup winners (3rd title)
1 Illgner
2 Reuter
3 Brehme
4 Kohler
5 Augenthaler
6 Buchwald
7 Littbarski
8 Häßler
9 Völler
10 Matthäus (c)
11 Mill
12 Aumann
13 Riedle
14 Berthold
15 Bein
16 Steiner
17 Möller
18 Klinsmann
19 Pflügler
20 Thon
21 Hermann
22 Köpke
Coach: Beckenbauer
show
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Germany squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup
1 Illgner
2 Strunz
3 Brehme
4 Kohler
5 Helmer
6 Buchwald
7 Möller
8 Häßler
9 Riedle
10 Matthäus (c)
11 Kuntz
12 Köpke
13 Völler
14 Berthold
15 Gaudino
16 Sammer
17 Wagner
18 Klinsmann
19 Kirsten
20 Effenberg
21 Basler
22 Kahn
Coach: Vogts
show
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Germany squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup
1 Köpke
2 Wörns
3 Heinrich
4 Kohler
5 Helmer
6 Thon
7 Möller
8 Matthäus
9 Kirsten
10 Häßler
11 Marschall
12 Kahn
13 Jeremies
14 Babbel
15 Freund
16 Hamann
17 Ziege
18 Klinsmann (c)
19 Reuter
20 Bierhoff
21 Tarnat
22 Lehmann
Coach: Vogts
show
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Germany squad – 2002 FIFA World Cup runners-up
1 Kahn (c)
2 Linke
3 Rehmer
4 Baumann
5 Ramelow
6 Ziege
7 Neuville
8 Hamann
9 Jancker
10 Ricken
11 Klose
12 Lehmann
13 Ballack
14 Asamoah
15 Kehl
16 Jeremies
17 Bode
18 Böhme
19 Schneider
20 Bierhoff
21 Metzelder
22 Frings
23 Butt
Coach: Völler
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Germany squad – 2006 FIFA World Cup third place
1 Lehmann
2 Jansen
3 Friedrich
4 Huth
5 Kehl
6 Nowotny
7 Schweinsteiger
8 Frings
9 Hanke
10 Neuville
11 Klose
12 Kahn
13 Ballack (c)
14 Asamoah
15 Hitzlsperger
16 Lahm
17 Mertesacker
18 Borowski
19 Schneider
20 Podolski
21 Metzelder
22 Odonkor
23 Hildebrand
Coach: Klinsmann
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Germany squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup third place
1 Neuer
2 Jansen
3 Friedrich
4 Aogo
5 Tasci
6 Khedira
7 Schweinsteiger
8 Özil
9 Kießling
10 Podolski
11 Klose
12 Wiese
13 Müller
14 Badstuber
15 Trochowski
16 Lahm (c)
17 Mertesacker
18 Kroos
19 Cacau
20 Boateng
21 Marin
22 Butt
23 Gómez
Coach: Löw
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Germany squad – 2014 FIFA World Cup winners (4th title)
1 Neuer
2 Großkreutz
3 Ginter
4 Höwedes
5 Hummels
6 Khedira
7 Schweinsteiger
8 Özil
9 Schürrle
10 Podolski
11 Klose
12 Zieler
13 Müller
14 Draxler
15 Durm
16 Lahm (c)
17 Mertesacker
18 Kroos
19 Götze
20 Boateng
21 Mustafi
22 Weidenfeller
23 Kramer
Coach: Löw
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1 Considered a successor team by FIFA, or have competed under another name(s). 2 Have been member of multiple confederations. 3 Team and national federation no longer exist.
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Susquehanna River
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Susquehanna River (Siskëwahane)
Susquehanna River in Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Country
United States of America
States
Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York
Tributaries
- left Lackawanna River, Mahanoy Creek, Swatara Creek, Conestoga River
- right Oaks Creek, Unadilla River, Chenango River, Chemung River, West Branch, Juniata River
Cities
Harrisburg, Pa. (state capital), Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Binghamton, N.Y., Havre de Grace, Md., Williamsport, Pa., Owego, N. Y., Bloomsburg, Pa., Port Deposit, Md., Sunbury, Pa., Northumberland, Pa.
Source
Otsego Lake
- location Cooperstown, Otsego County, New York, USA
- elevation 1,180 ft (360 m)
- coordinates 42°42′02″N 74°55′10″W / 42.70056°N 74.91944°W / 42.70056; -74.91944
Secondary source
West Branch Susquehanna River
- location Carrolltown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, USA
- elevation 1,980 ft (604 m)
- coordinates 40°35′55″N 78°42′56″W / 40.59861°N 78.71556°W / 40.59861; -78.71556
Mouth
Chesapeake Bay
- location Cecil County / Harford County, at Havre de Grace, Maryland, USA
- elevation 0 ft (0 m)
- coordinates 39°32′35″N 76°04′32″W / 39.54306°N 76.07556°W / 39.54306; -76.07556Coordinates: 39°32′35″N 76°04′32″W / 39.54306°N 76.07556°W / 39.54306; -76.07556
Length
464 mi (747 km)
Basin
27,500 sq mi (71,225 km2)
Discharge
for Conowingo Dam, MD
- average 40,080 cu ft/s (1,135 m3/s)
- max 1,130,000 cu ft/s (31,998 m3/s) June 24, 1972[1]
- min 2,990 cu ft/s (85 m3/s)
Discharge elsewhere (average)
- Danville, PA 29,000 cu ft/s (821 m3/s)
The Susquehanna watershed
The Susquehanna River (/ˌsʌskwəˈhænə/; Lenape: Siskëwahane[2]) is a major river located in the northeastern United States. At 464 miles (747 km) long,[3] it is the longest river on the East Coast of the United States that drains into the Atlantic Ocean, which it does by way of the Chesapeake Bay. With its watershed, it is the 16th-largest river in the United States,[4][5] and the longest river in the early 21st-century continental United States without commercial boat traffic. In the Canal Era, navigation improvements were made to enhance the river for barge shipping of bulk goods by water transport on the Pennsylvania Canal; competition from faster transport via the railroad industry by the 1850s resulted in reducing the reliance on the river for transport.[6]
The Susquehanna rises and flows through New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland into the Chesapeake Bay. It forms from two main branches: the "North Branch", which rises in upstate New York and is regarded by federal mapmakers as the main branch or headwaters,[7] and the West Branch Susquehanna. Both of these waterways were improved by navigations throughout the 1820s and 1830s as the Pennsylvania Canal. Together with facilities of the Allegheny Portage Railroad, loaded barges were transferred from the canal and hoisted across the mountain ridge into the Pittsburgh area with access to the Monongahela, Allegheny Rivers and their confluence into the Ohio River flowing southwestwards towards the Mississippi River. The 82-mile Union Canal was completed in 1828 to connect the Schuylkill River (flowing southeast towards the Delaware River at Philadelphia) at Reading westwards to the Susquehanna upriver above the state capital of Harrisburg. A proposed 82-mile leg[clarification needed] to connect the Susquehanna with the Delaware River was instead developed as the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, built by the Pennsylvania Canal Commission. The shorter West Branch, which rises in western Pennsylvania, joins the main stem of the Susquehanna near Northumberland in central Pennsylvania.
The river drains 27,500 square miles (71,000 km2), including nearly half of the land area of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The drainage basin (watershed) includes portions of the Allegheny Plateau region of the Appalachian Mountains, cutting through a succession of water gaps in a broad zigzag course to flow across the rural heartland of southeastern Pennsylvania and northeastern Maryland in the lateral near-parallel array of mountain ridges. The river empties into the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay at Perryville and Havre de Grace, Maryland, providing half of the Bay's freshwater inflow. The Chesapeake Bay is the ria of the Susquehanna.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geology
2 Course
2.1 North Branch Susquehanna
2.2 West Branch Susquehanna
2.3 Main Susquehanna flow
3 Etymology
4 History
5 Bridges, ferries, canals and dams
6 Environmental threats
7 Recreation
8 See also
9 Notes
10 Further reading
11 External links
Geology[edit]
The Susquehanna River is one of the oldest existing rivers in the world, being dated as 320-340 Mya,[8] older than the mountain ridges which it dissects. These ridges resulted from the Alleghenian orogeny uplift events, when Africa (as part of Gondwana) slammed into the North American east (then part of EurAmerica). The Susquehanna basin reaches its ultimate outflow in the Chesapeake Bay. It was well established in the flat tidelands of eastern North America during the Mesozoic era[9] about 252 to 66 million years ago. This is the same period when the Hudson, Delaware and Potomac rivers were established.[9]
Course[edit]
Looking upstream in Danville, Pennsylvania
Both branches and the lower Susquehanna were part of important regional transportation corridors. The river was extensively used for muscle powered ferrys, boats, and canal boat shipping of bulk goods in the brief decades before the Pennsylvania Canal System was eclipsed by the coming of age of steam-powered railways. While the railroad industry restructured less prevalent in the 1950–1960s, with mergers and reductions, a wide-ranging rail transportation infrastructure still operates along the river's shores.
North Branch Susquehanna[edit]
Susquehanna River at source, looking at Otsego Lake.
Also called the Main Branch Susquehanna, the longer branch of the river rises at the outlet of Otsego Lake in Cooperstown, New York. From there, the north branch of the river runs west-southwest through rural farmland and dairy country, receiving the Unadilla River at Sidney and the Chenango in downtown Binghamton. It dips south into Pennsylvania briefly to turn sharply north at Susquehanna Depot hooking back into New York. After meandering westwards, it turns south crossing the line again through the twin-towns of Waverly, NY–Sayre and their large right bank railyard, once briefly holding the largest building in the world.[10]
A couple miles south, just across the New York state line, in Athens Township (just south of Waverly, New York) in northern Pennsylvania it receives the Chemung from the northwest. It makes a right-angle curve between Sayre and Towanda to cut through the Endless Mountains in the Allegheny Plateau of Pennsylvania. It receives the Lackawanna River southwest of Scranton and turns sharply to the southwest, flowing through the former anthracite industrial heartland in the mountain ridges of northeastern Pennsylvania, past Pittston City (Greater Pittston), Wilkes-Barre, Nanticoke, Shickshinny, Berwick, Bloomsburg, and Danville.
Looking downriver at Sunbury, Pennsylvania
West Branch Susquehanna[edit]
The origin of the official West Branch is near northern Cambria County, Pennsylvania near the contemporary junction of Mitchel Road and US Route 219[11] (locally Plank Road). It travels northeasterly through Curwensville (where the river is dammed to form a lake), into and through Clearfield, Pennsylvania, where it's joined by the Clearfield Creek right bank tributary.
The Clearfield Creek tributary rises in a Loretto woodlands source spring[12] outflow, initially running northerly while draining the north-face and eastern slopes of the drainage divide crossing athwart the greater pass — the irregular rolling terrain of the several local gaps of the Allegheny—several of which end in the hilly pass around Gallitzin Borough, and Gallitzin Township, Tunnelhill, Cresson area — all above and within the greater Altoona, Pennsylvania area.
Clearfield Creek passes through Cresson Lake and bends to flow generally northeast or north-northeast, passing through other tarns and gradually receiving tributary waters along its descending meanders. Outside the pass flats, it is mostly paralleled by PA Route 53, which was built in the river valley, passing through small towns such as Ashville, Glen Hope and others that developed along its banks. It makes its way north and east to the confluence in Clearfield—this valley is also exploited as a railroad corridor from Clearfield, climbing to end in a wye within Cresson in the same broad saddle pass as did the upper works of the Allegheny Portage Railroad. The railroad joins the railroad mainline, climbing a nearby incline through the famous Horseshoe Curve (created by another Susquehanna River (main branch) tributary, in this case one feeding the waters of the Juniata River). The West Branch turns to the southeast and passes through Lock Haven and Williamsport before turning south. The West Branch joins the North Branch flowing from the northwest at Northumberland, just above Sunbury.
Harrisburg, with the Pennsylvania State Capitol dome, seen from Wormleysburg
Main Susquehanna flow[edit]
Downstream from the confluence of its branches in Northumberland, the river flows south past Selinsgrove, where it is joined by its Penns Creek tributary, and cuts through a water gap at the western end of Mahantongo Mountain. It receives the Juniata River from the northwest at Duncannon, then passes through its last water gap, the Susquehanna Gap through the Blue Mountain Ridge, just northwest of Harrisburg.
Downtown Harrisburg developed on the east side of the river, which is nearly a mile wide here. Harrisburg is the largest city located on the lower river, which flows southeast across South Central Pennsylvania, forming the border between York and Lancaster counties, and receiving Swatara Creek from the northeast. It crosses into northern Maryland approximately 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Baltimore and is joined by Octoraro Creek. The river enters the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace. Concord Point Light was built here in 1827 to accommodate the increasing navigational traffic.[13]
See also: Susquehanna Valley and List of cities and towns along the Susquehanna River
Etymology[edit]
Looking north of Columbia, Pennsylvania
"Susquehanna" comes from the Len'api (or Delaware Indian) term Sisa'we'hak'hanna, which means "Oyster River."[14] Oyster beds were widespread in the bay near the mouth of the river, which the Lenape farmed, leaving oyster shell middens.[15]
The Len'api were a Native American people at Con'esto'ga ("Roof-place" or "town," modern Washington Boro, Lancaster County), also called Ka'ot'sch'ie'ra ("Place-crawfish," modern Chickisalunga, Lancaster County), or Gasch'guch'sa ("Great-fall-in-river," modern Conewago Falls, Lancaster County) as either Minquas ("quite different"), or Sisa'we'hak'hanna'lenno'wak ("Oyster-river-people").[16] The Len'api also called the area Sisa'we'hak'hanna'unk ("Oyster-river-place").[17]
Peoples of the mid-Atlantic Coast included coastal peoples who spoke Algonquian languages, such as the Len'api (whose bands spoke three dialects of Lenape), and Iroquoian languages-speaking peoples of the interior, such as the Eroni and the Five Nations of the Iroquois.[18] The English of Pennsylvania referred to the Eroni people of Conestoga as "Susquehannocks" or "Susquehannock Indians," a name derived from the Lenape term.[18] In addition, John Smith of Jamestown, Virginia labeled their settlement as "Sasquesahanough" on his 1612 map when he explored the upper Chesapeake Bay area.[19] In Virginia and other southern colonies, Siouan-speaking tribes constituted a third major language family, with their peoples occupying much of the middle areas of the interior. Iroquoian speakers, such as the Cherokee and Tuscarora, generally occupied areas to the interior near the Piedmont and foothills.[20]
History[edit]
In the 1670s the Conestoga, or Susquehannock, succumbed to Iroquois conquest by the powerful Five Nations based in present-day New York, and assimilated with them. In the aftermath, the Iroquois resettled some of the semi-tributary Lenape in this area, as it was near the western boundary of the Lenape's former territory, known as Lenapehoking.
The river has played an important role throughout the history of the United States. In the 18th century, William Penn, the founder of the Pennsylvania Colony, negotiated with the Lenape to allow white settlement in the area between the Delaware River and the Susquehanna, which was part of Lenape territory. In late colonial times, the river became an increasingly important transportation corridor, used to ship anthracite coal discovered by Necho Allen in its upper reaches in the mountains.
In 1779 during the American Revolutionary War, General James Clinton led an expedition down the Susquehanna from its headwaters . His party had made the upper portion navigable by damming the river's source at Otsego Lake, allowing the lake's level to rise, and then destroying the dam and flooding the river in order for his flotilla to travel for miles downstream. James Fenimore Cooper described this event in the introduction to his historical novel, The Pioneers (1823).
Monument at the site of Gen. Clinton's dam at the river's source at Otsego Lake in Cooperstown, New York
At Athens, Pennsylvania, then known as Tioga or "Tioga Point", Clinton met with General John Sullivan and his forces, who had marched from Easton, Pennsylvania. Together on August 29, they defeated the Tories and warriors of allied Iroquois bands at the Battle of Newtown (near present-day Elmira, New York). This was part of what was known as the "Sullivan-Clinton Campaign" or the "Sullivan Expedition". They swept through western New York, destroying more than 40 Seneca and other Iroquois villages, as well as the stores of crops the people set aside for winter. Many of the Iroquois left New York and went to Canada as refugees; casualties from exposure and starvation were high that winter.
Following the United States gaining independence in the Revolutionary War, in 1790 Colonel Timothy Matlack, Samuel Maclay and John Adlum were commissioned by the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to survey the headwaters of the Susquehanna river. They were to explore a route for a passage to connect the West Branch with the waters of the Allegheny River, which flowed to Pittsburgh and the Ohio River.[21] In 1792, the Union Canal was proposed in order to link the Susquehanna and the Delaware rivers in Pennsylvania along Swatara and Tulpehocken creeks. In the 19th century, many industrial centers developed along the Susquehanna, using its water power to drive mills and coal machinery, to cool machines, and as a waterway for the transport of raw and manufactured goods.
Pennsylvania and Connecticut both claimed land from the colonial era in the Wyoming Valley along the Susquehanna. Connecticut founded Westmoreland County here and defended its claim in the Pennamite Wars. Under federal arbitration, eventually the state ceded this territory to Pennsylvania.
In the 1790s English Lake Poets Robert Southey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Lovell formulated the "Pantisocracy Plan" to marry three sisters and move to the banks of the Susquehanna River to start a socialist experiment. They made the marriages but Southey moved to Lisbon, Portugal to visit an uncle, and they abandoned the plan to move to the United States.
In 1833 John B. Jervis began a canal system to extend the Chenango River and connect the waters of the Susquehanna from Chenango Point to the Erie Canal, which ran through the Mohawk Valley of New York, ultimately connecting with Lake Erie through the Wood Canal. In October 1836, water from the Susquehanna was connected to the Erie Canal at Utica, New York. Water travel was popular during that era, and the Erie Canal dramatically expanded trade between communities around the Great Lakes and markets in New York and Pennsylvania. With the expansion of construction of railroad lines, canal-transport became unprofitable, as it could not compete in speed or flexibility.[22] Boats had to climb a net height of 1,009 feet between basins, requiring the use of more than 100 water locks, which were too expensive to be maintained under the new competition.[22]
The Susquehanna River figures in the history of the Latter Day Saint movement. It holds that Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery received the priesthood from heavenly beings at a site along the Susquehanna in Western New York and performed their first baptisms of Latter Day Saints in the North Branch of the river. Smith and Cowdery said that they were visited on May 15, 1829, by the resurrected John the Baptist and given the Aaronic priesthood. Following his visit, Smith and Cowdery baptized each other in the river. Later that year, they said they were visited near the river by the apostles Peter, James and John. Both events took place in unspecified locations near the river's shore in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania.
During the Civil War's 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, the commander of the Department of the Susquehanna, Union Major General Darius N. Couch, resolved that Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia would not cross the Susquehanna. He positioned militia units under Maj. Granville Haller to protect key bridges in Harrisburg and Wrightsville, as well as nearby fords. Confederate forces reached the river at several locations in Cumberland and York counties but were recalled on June 29 when Lee chose to concentrate his army to the west.[23]
In 1972 the remnants of Hurricane Agnes stalled over the New York-Pennsylvania border, dropping as much as 20 inches (510 mm) of rain on the hilly lands. Much of that precipitation was received into the Susquehanna from its western tributaries, and the valley suffered disastrous flooding. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, was among the hardest-hit communities and the capital Harrisburg was flooded. The Chesapeake Bay received so much fresh water that it altered the ecosystem, killing much of the marine life that depended on saltwater.
The Mid-Atlantic Flood of June 2006, caused by a stalled jet stream-driven storm system, affected portions of the river system. The worst affected area was Binghamton, New York, where record-setting flood levels forced the evacuation of thousands of residents.
In March 2011, Crary Park in Shickshinny, Pennsylvania was inundated with a flood when the river rose above 27 feet at Wilkes-Barre.[24] Six months later, the town was devastated by a 42-foot record flood.[25]
In September 2011 the Susquehanna River and its communities were hit by Tropical Storm Lee, which caused the worst flooding since Agnes in 1972.
Bridges, ferries, canals and dams[edit]
See also: List of crossings of the Susquehanna River and List of dams and reservoirs of the Susquehanna River
The Susquehanna River has played an important role in the transportation history of the United States. Prior to the 1818 opening of the Port Deposit Bridge, the river formed a barrier between the northern and southern states, as it could be crossed only by ferry. The earliest dams were constructed to support ferry operations in low water. The presence of many rapids in the river meant that while commercial traffic could navigate down the river in the high waters of the spring thaws, nothing could move up.
Two different canal systems were constructed on the lower Susquehanna to bypass the rapids. The first was the Susquehanna Canal, also called the Conowingo Canal or the Port Deposit Canal, completed in 1802 by a Maryland company known as the Proprietors of the Susquehanna Canal. The second was the much longer and more successful Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal. The canals required additional dams to provide sufficient canal water and navigation pools.
As the industrial age progressed, bridges replaced ferries, and railroads replaced canals. The railroads were often constructed on top of the canal right-of-way along the river. Many canal remnants can be seen in Havre de Grace, Maryland, along US Route 15 in Pennsylvania, and in upstate New York at various locations. These latter remnants are parts of the upstream divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal, of privately funded canals, and of canals in the New York system.
Today 200 bridges cross the Susquehanna. The Rockville Bridge, which crosses the river from Harrisburg to Marysville, Pennsylvania, was the longest stone masonry arch bridge in the world when it was constructed. It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1902, replacing an earlier iron bridge.Two seasonal ferries continue to operate across the Susquehanna. The Millersburg Ferry at Millersburg, Pennsylvania is a practical ferry for up to four vehicles and 50 passengers, while the Pride of the Susquehanna, based at Harrisburg, provides a passenger-only pleasure cruise.
Most of the canals have been filled in or are partially preserved as a part of historical parks. Dams generally are used to generate power or to provide lakes for recreation.
Environmental threats[edit]
Satellite photo of the river (upper left) where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay (center)
The environmental group American Rivers named the Susquehanna "America's Most Endangered River for 2005" because of the excessive pollution it receives. Most of the pollution in the river is caused by excess animal manure from farming, agricultural runoff, urban and suburban stormwater runoff, and raw or inadequately treated sewage. In 2003 the river contributed 44% of the nitrogen, 21% of the phosphorus, and 21% of the sediment flowing into the Chesapeake Bay.[26]
It was designated as one of the American Heritage Rivers in 1997.[27] The designation provides for technical assistance from federal agencies to state and local governments working in the Susquehanna watershed.
Another environmental concern is radioactivity released during the 1979 Three Mile Island accident.[28]
In 2015, a smallmouth bass with a rare, cancerous tumor was caught from the river, raising renewed concerns about toxic materials and water pollution.[29][30] The Environmental Protection Agency reported, "we do not have sufficient data at this time to scientifically support listing the main stem of the Susquehanna as impaired."[29]
Recreation[edit]
The Susquehanna River has attracted boaters who watch or fish for its migratory species. Many tourists and local residents use the Susquehanna in the summer for recreation purposes such as kayaking, canoeing, and motor-boating. Canoe races are held annually on various sections of the river, such as the amateur race held in Oneonta, New York.
Susquehanna rowing and paddling have a long history. Starting in 1874, rowers from Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania raced men from Sunbury. The General Clinton Canoe Regatta, a 70-mile flat-water race, takes place each year in Bainbridge, New York on Memorial Day weekend. Binghamton University Crew and Hiawatha Island Boat Club are also located on the river, in the Southern Tier of New York.
See also[edit]
List of crossings of the Susquehanna River
City Island (Pennsylvania)
Garrett Island (Maryland)
Geography of Pennsylvania
List of Maryland rivers
List of New York rivers
List of Pennsylvania rivers
McCormick Island
Spades Wharf Island
Three Mile Island accident
List of parks in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "USGS 01578310 Susquehanna River at Conowingo, MD". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
Jump up ^ "Lenape Talking Dictionary". Retrieved 2012-05-27.
Jump up ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-04-05 at WebCite, accessed August 8, 2011
Jump up ^ Susquehanna River Trail Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, accessed March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Susquehanna River, Green Works Radio, accessed March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Paddle the Susquehanna, accessed September 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Susquehanna River
Jump up ^ "Clearwaters, Spring 2009, Historical Look at the Susquehanna River Watershed" (PDF). nywea.org.
^ Jump up to: a b "Description of the Geology of York County Peninsula". Penn State University Libraries. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
Jump up ^ Lehigh Valley Railroad's Engine refurbishment and construction works at Sayre yard.
Jump up ^ 297 Mitchel Rd, Carrolltown, Cambria County, PA 15722 Lat,Lng: 40.584789, -78.718370 per BING Maps
Jump up ^ lesser right bank tributary source, (40.480772, -78.647088), 1) Birdseye view: In woodland 2)on Map view: Coords: near jct. Vale Rd with Dream Rd, 101-227 Dream Rd, Loretta, PA 15940.
Jump up ^ Simms, William Q. "Two Lights on the Hill". Lighthouse Digest, Inc. Retrieved 2006-12-28.
Jump up ^ Brinton, Daniel G., C.F. Denke, and Albert Anthony. A Lenâpé – English Dictionary. Biblio Bazaar, 2009. ISBN 978-1-103-14922-3, p. 132.
Jump up ^ History on the Half-Shell: The Story of New York City and Its Oysters. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2017, from https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/01/history-half-shell-intertwined-story-new-york-city-and-its-oysters
Jump up ^ Brinton, Daniel G., C.F. Denke, and Albert Anthony. A Lenâpé – English Dictionary. Biblio Bazaar, 2009. ISBN 978-1-103-14922-3, pp. 81, 85,132.
Jump up ^ Zeisberger, David. Indian Dictionary: English, German, Iroquois—The Onondaga and Algonquin—The Delaware. Harvard University Press, 1887. ISBN 1-104-25351-8, pp. 48, 161, and 222.
^ Jump up to: a b Zeisberger, David. Indian Dictionary: English, German, Iroquois—The Onondaga and Algonquin—The Delaware. Harvard University Press, 1887. ISBN 1-104-25351-8, p. 141.
Jump up ^ "John Smith, A Map of Virginia, 1612". www.marinersmuseum.org.
Jump up ^ Heinemann, Ronald L.; Kolp, John G.; Parent, Jr., Anthony S.; Shade, William G. (2007). Old Dominion, New Commonwealth. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-2609-2.
Jump up ^ Storey, Henry Wilson. History of Cambria County, Pennsylvania. New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907.
^ Jump up to: a b Chenango, Whitford. http://www.mikalac.com/tech/tra/chenango.html
Jump up ^ "Civil War Timeline", National Park Service
Jump up ^ Skrapits, Elizabeth (March 12, 2011). "Winter flood slams Shickshinny". The Citizens' Voice. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Matt (November 5, 2011). "Shickshinny offered help from group of Buddhists". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Retrieved November 18, 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Chesapeake Bay Foundation. Annapolis, MD. "Susquehanna River Named America's Most Endangered River for 2005." April 13, 2005.
Jump up ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, D.C. "American Heritage Rivers: Upper Susquehanna and Lackawanna Rivers." October 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ Sturgis, Sue (2009-04-02). "Investigation: Revelations about Three Mile Island Disaster Raise Doubts over Nuclear Plant Safety". Facing South. Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved 2014-10-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Ohlheiser, Abby (5 May 2015). "Why a smallmouth bass with a rare, cancerous tumor has Pa. officials worried". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Begley, Sarah (8 May 2015). "Rare Cancer Discovered in Pennsylvania Smallmouth Bass". TIME.com. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Miller, Peter (March 1985). "Susquehanna: America's Small-Town River". National Geographic. Vol. 167 no. 3. pp. 352–383. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Susquehanna River.
Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article Susquehanna River.
U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
American Rivers article: Susquehanna River "Most Endangered"
History of the Susquehanna River Ark
Hiawatha Island Boat Club – Owego, NY
Binghamton University Crew – Binghamton, NY
[show]
v
t
e
Susquehanna River system
Maryland
Pennsylvania
New York
Counties
Municipalities
Crossings
Dams
Streams shown as: Tributaries
subtributaries
(subsubtributaries)
[show]
Lower Susquehanna River
Chesapeake Bay (mouth)
Deer Cr.
Octoraro Cr.
West Br.
East Br.
Broad Cr.
Muddy Cr.
Pequea Cr.
Conestoga R.
Little Conestoga Cr.
Mill Cr.
Cocalico Cr.
(Hammer Cr.)
(Middle Cr.)
Muddy Cr.
Chiques Cr.
Little Chiques Cr.
Codorus Cr.
South Br.
(East Br.)
Conewago Cr. (W)
Little Conewago Cr.
Bermudian Cr.
(South Br.)
Conoy Cr.
Conewago Cr. (E)
Swatara Cr.
Manada Cr.
Quittapahilla Cr.
Little Swatara Cr.
Lower Little Swatara Cr.
Paxton Cr.
Yellow Breeches Cr.
Mountain Cr.
Conodoguinet Cr.
Middle Spring Cr.
Muddy Run
Clark Cr.
Sherman Cr.
Juniata R.
Powell Cr.
Wiconisco Cr.
Mahantango Cr.
Pine Cr.
Mahantango Cr (Snyder County).
(North Br.)
(West Br.)
Mahanoy Cr.
Schwaben Cr.
Little Mahanoy Cr.
Shenandoah Cr.
Penns Cr.
Middle Cr.
Pine Cr.
(Elk Cr.)
Sinking Cr.
Shamokin Cr.
Little Shamokin Cr.
West Br. Susquehanna R.
[show]
Juniata River
Susquehanna R. (mouth)
Buffalo Cr.
Cocolamus Cr.
Tuscarora Cr.
East Licking Cr.
Lost Cr.
Jacks Cr.
Kishacoquillas Cr.
Honey Cr.
Aughwick Cr.
Blacklog Cr.
Little Aughwick Cr.
Sideling Hill Cr.
Raystown Br. Juniata R.
Great Trough Cr.
Yellow Cr.
Brush Cr.
Dunning Cr.
(Bobs Cr.)
Standing Stone Cr.
Shaver Cr.
Frankstown Br. Juniata R.
Beaverdam Br.
Clover Cr.
Piney Cr.
Little Juniata R.
Spruce Cr.
Bald Eagle Cr.
[show]
West Branch Susquehanna River
Susquehanna R. (mouth)
Chillisquaque Cr.
West Branch Chillisquaque Cr.
Buffalo Cr.
Muddy Run
White Deer Cr.
White Deer Hole Cr.
Black Hole Cr.
Muncy Cr.
Little Muncy Cr.
Loyalsock Cr.
Elk Cr.
Little Loyalsock Cr.
Lycoming Cr.
Larrys Cr.
Antes Cr.
Pine Cr.
Little Pine Cr.
(Texas Cr.)
(Blockhouse Cr.)
Slate Run
Babb Cr.
Marsh Cr.
West Branch Pine Cr.
Bald Eagle Cr.
Fishing Cr.
(Little Fishing Cr.)
Beech Cr.
Marsh Cr.
Spring Cr.
Wallace Run
Tangascootack Cr.
Young Womans Cr.
Kettle Cr.
Cross Fork
Lick Run
Sinnemahoning Cr.
First Fork
Bennett Branch
Driftwood Branch
Birch Island Run
Mosquito Cr.
Moshannon Cr.
Black Moshannon Cr.
Trout Run
Clearfield Cr.
Little Clearfield Cr.
Beaverdam Run
Anderson Cr.
Chest Cr.
[show]
Middle Susquehanna River
West Branch Susquehanna R.
Mahoning Cr.
Roaring Cr.
South Branch Roaring Cr.
(Mugser Run)
Catawissa Cr.
Fishing Cr.
Hemlock Cr.
Little Fishing Cr.
Huntington Cr.
West Branch Fishing Cr.
(East Branch Fishing Cr.)
Kinney Run
Nescopeck Cr.
Black Cr.
Little Nescopeck Cr.
Big Wapwallopen Cr.
Little Wapwallopen Cr.
Harveys Cr.
Solomon Cr.
Lackawanna R.
Spring Brook
Roaring Brook
Bowman Cr.
Tunkhannock Cr.
Martins Cr.
Nine Partners Cr.
Mehoopany Cr.
Meshoppen Cr.
White Cr.
Tuscarora Cr.
Sugar Run Cr.
Wyalusing Cr.
Wysox Cr.
Towanda Cr.
South Br.
Schrader Cr.
Sugar Cr.
Chemung R.
[show]
Chemung River
Susquehanna R. (mouth)
Baldwin Cr.
Bentley Cr.
Seeley Cr.
South Cr.
Newtown Cr.
Cohocton R.
Meads Cr.
Mud Cr.
Campbell Cr.
Fivemile Cr.
Tioga R.
Canisteo R.
(Tuscarora Cr.)
(Bennetts Cr.)
(Canacadea Cr.)
Cowanesque R.
(Troups Cr.)
Crooked Cr.
Mill Cr.
[show]
Upper Susquehanna River
Chemung R.
Cayuta Cr.
Wappasening Cr.
Pipe Cr.
Owego Cr.
Catatonk Cr.
Apalachin Cr.
Nanticoke Cr.
Choconut Cr.
Chenango R.
Tioughnioga R.
(Otselic R.)
Canasawacta Cr.
Genegantslet Cr.
Sangerfield R.
Snake Cr.
Salt Lick Cr.
Starrucca Cr.
Kelsey Brook
Unadilla R.
Butternut Cr.
Wharton Cr.
Ouleout Cr.
Otego Cr.
Charlotte Cr.
Schenevus Cr.
Cherry Valley Cr.
Oaks Cr.
Otsego Lake (New York) (source)
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 240955712
GND: 4313167-0
NDL: 00628530
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susquehanna_River&oldid=800730440"
Categories:
Susquehanna River
Rivers of Otsego County, New York
Rivers of Pennsylvania
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values: List of counties in the Susquehanna River watershed

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values: Middle Spring Creek (Conodoguinet Creek) (page does not exist)

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Mahantango Creek (Snyder County)

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/wiki/Blockhouse_Creek
mw-redirect
Blockhouse Creek

values: Bald Eagle Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River)

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Wharton Creek (Unadilla River)

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Flintstone Creek

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Great Seneca Creek

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Little Pipe Creek

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