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2013 Australian Open
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2013 Australian Open
Date
14–27 January
Edition
101st
Category
Grand Slam (ITF)
Surface
Hardcourt (Plexicushion)
Location
Melbourne, Australia
Venue
Melbourne Park
Champions
Men's Singles
Novak Djokovic
Women's Singles
Victoria Azarenka
Men's Doubles
Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan
Women's Doubles
Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci
Mixed Doubles
Jarmila Gajdošová / Matthew Ebden
Boys' Singles
Nick Kyrgios
Girls' Singles
Ana Konjuh
Boys' Doubles
Jay Andrijic / Bradley Mousley
Girls' Doubles
Ana Konjuh / Carol Zhao
Wheelchair Men's Singles
Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Singles
Aniek van Koot
Wheelchair Quad Singles
David Wagner
Wheelchair Men's Doubles
Michaël Jeremiasz / Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Doubles
Jiske Griffioen / Aniek van Koot
Wheelchair Quad Doubles
David Wagner / Nicholas Taylor
← 2012 · Australian Open · 2014 →
The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 to 27 January 2013.[1] It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments.
All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds—Novak Djokovic in men's singles, Victoria Azarenka in women's singles, Bob and Mike Bryan in men's doubles, and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women's doubles. This year's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament's 2004 edition in which the women's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds, and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men's and women's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds.[2] In addition, this year's Australian Open remains the most recent Grand Slam where the men's and women's singles titles were both successfully defended.
Contents
[hide]
1 Point and prize money distribution
1.1 Point distribution
1.1.1 Seniors points
1.1.2 Junior points
1.1.3 Wheelchair points
1.2 Prize money
2 Singles players
3 Day-by-Day Summaries
4 Champions
4.1 Seniors
4.1.1 Men's Singles
4.1.2 Women's Singles
4.1.3 Men's Doubles
4.1.4 Women's Doubles
4.1.5 Mixed Doubles
4.2 Juniors
4.2.1 Boys' Singles
4.2.2 Girls' Singles
4.2.3 Boys' Doubles
4.2.4 Girls' Doubles
4.3 Wheelchair tennis
4.3.1 Wheelchair Men's Singles
4.3.2 Wheelchair Women's Singles
4.3.3 Wheelchair Quad Singles
4.3.4 Wheelchair Men's Doubles
4.3.5 Wheelchair Women's Doubles
4.3.6 Wheelchair Quad Doubles
5 Players
5.1 Seniors
5.1.1 Singles Seeds
5.1.1.1 Men's Singles
5.1.1.2 Withdrawn players (Men's Singles)
5.1.1.3 Women's Singles
5.1.2 Main Draw Wildcard Entries
5.1.2.1 Men's Singles
5.1.2.2 Women's Singles
5.1.2.3 Men's Doubles
5.1.2.4 Women's Doubles
5.1.2.5 Mixed Doubles
5.1.3 Main Draw Qualifiers Entries
5.1.3.1 Men's Singles
5.1.3.2 Women's Singles
6 Protected ranking
7 Withdrawals
8 References
9 External links
Point and prize money distribution[edit]
Point distribution[edit]
Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event.
Seniors points[edit]
Event W F SF QF Round of 16 Round of 32 Round of 64 Round of 128 Q Q3 Q2 Q1
Men's Singles
2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10 25 16 8 0
Men's Doubles
0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Women's Singles
1400 900 500 280 160 100 5 60 50 40 2
Women's Doubles
5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Junior points[edit]
Event W F SF QF Round of 16 Round of 32 Q Q3
Boys' Singles
375 270 180 120 75 30 25 20
Girls' Singles
Boys' Doubles
270 180 120 75 45 —
Girls' Doubles
Wheelchair points[edit]
Men's Singles
Men's Doubles
Women's Singles
Women's Doubles
Quad Singles
Quad Doubles
Champion
700
Runner up
500 100
Semifinals/3rd
375 100 375 100 375 N/A
Quarterfinals/4th
100 N/A 100 N/A 100 N/A
Prize money[edit]
The 2013 Australian Open featured a significant increase in prize money in comparison with previous years, with all players competing for a share of AUD$30 million, becoming the highest paying tournament of all time. This was the result of an ATP players' meeting, primarily focusing on the money received by players who exit the competition in the earlier rounds.[3] All prize money is in Australian dollars (AUD).
Event W F SF QF Round of 16 Round of 32 Round of 64 Round of 128 Q3 Q2 Q1
Singles $2,430,000 $1,215,000 $500,000 $250,000 $125,000 $71,000 $45,500 $27,600 $13,120 $6,560 $3,280
Doubles * $475,000 $237,500 $118,750 $60,000 $33,500 $19,500 $12,500 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Mixed Doubles * $135,500 $67,500 $33,900 $15,500 $7,800 $3,800 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
* per team
Singles players[edit]
Men's Singles
showChampion
Runner-up
Novak Djokovic [1] Andy Murray [3]
Semifinals out
David Ferrer [4] Roger Federer [2]
Quarterfinals out
Tomáš Berdych [5] Nicolás Almagro [10] Jérémy Chardy Jo-Wilfried Tsonga [7]
4th Round out
Stanislas Wawrinka [15] Kevin Anderson Kei Nishikori [16] Janko Tipsarević [8]
Andreas Seppi [21] Gilles Simon [14] Richard Gasquet [9] Milos Raonic [13]
3rd Round out
Radek Štěpánek [31] Sam Querrey [20] Fernando Verdasco [22] Jürgen Melzer [26]
Marcos Baghdatis [28] Evgeny Donskoy Jerzy Janowicz [24] Julien Benneteau [32]
Juan Martín del Potro [6] Marin Čilić [12] Gaël Monfils Ričardas Berankis (Q)
Blaž Kavčič Ivan Dodig Philipp Kohlschreiber [17] Bernard Tomic
2nd Round out
Ryan Harrison Feliciano López Brian Baker Tobias Kamke
Andrey Kuznetsov Xavier Malisse Roberto Bautista Agut Guillaume Rufin
Tim Smyczek (LL) Tatsuma Ito Mikhail Youzhny [23] Carlos Berlocq
Daniel Gimeno-Traver Somdev Devvarman (PR) Édouard Roger-Vasselin Lukáš Lacko
Benjamin Becker Marcel Granollers [30] Denis Istomin Rajeev Ram (Q)
Jesse Levine Lu Yen-hsun Florian Mayer [25] João Sousa
Go Soeda James Duckworth (WC) Jarkko Nieminen Alejandro Falla
Lukáš Rosol Amir Weintraub (Q) Daniel Brands (Q) Nikolay Davydenko
1st Round out
Paul-Henri Mathieu Santiago Giraldo Arnau Brugués-Davi (Q) Viktor Troicki
Daniel Muñoz de la Nava (Q) Alex Bogomolov, Jr. Flavio Cipolla Cedrik-Marcel Stebe (Q)
Juan Mónaco [11] Paolo Lorenzi Pablo Andújar David Goffin
Mikhail Kukushkin Fabio Fognini Julian Reister (Q) Michael Russell
Olivier Rochus Ivo Karlović John Millman (WC) Albert Ramos
Matthew Ebden Adrian Ungur Maxime Authom (Q) Victor Hănescu
Steve Johnson (Q) Łukasz Kubot Björn Phau Simone Bolelli
Grigor Dimitrov Ruben Bemelmans (Q) Gilles Müller Lleyton Hewitt
Adrian Mannarino (Q) Aljaž Bedene Adrián Menéndez (Q) Grega Žemlja
Horacio Zeballos Igor Sijsling Guillermo García-López Marinko Matosevic
Filippo Volandri Tommy Robredo (PR) Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo Alexandr Dolgopolov [18]
Rhyne Williams (WC) Sergiy Stakhovsky John-Patrick Smith (WC) Robin Haase
Michaël Llodra Luke Saville (WC) Benjamin Mitchell (WC) Thomaz Bellucci [29]
Tommy Haas [19] Wu Di (WC) Josselin Ouanna (WC) Albert Montañés
Jan Hájek Jamie Baker (Q) Guido Pella Steve Darcis
Martin Kližan [27] Leonardo Mayer Dudi Sela (Q) Benoît Paire
Women's Singles
showChampion
Runner-up
Victoria Azarenka [1] Li Na [6]
Semifinals out
Sloane Stephens [29] Maria Sharapova [2]
Quarterfinals out
Svetlana Kuznetsova Serena Williams [3] Agnieszka Radwańska [4] Ekaterina Makarova [19]
4th Round out
Elena Vesnina Caroline Wozniacki [10] Maria Kirilenko [14] Bojana Jovanovski
Julia Görges [18] Ana Ivanovic [13] Angelique Kerber [5] Kirsten Flipkens
3rd Round out
Jamie Hampton Roberta Vinci [16] Lesia Tsurenko (Q) Carla Suárez Navarro
Ayumi Morita Yanina Wickmayer [20] Kimiko Date-Krumm Laura Robson
Sorana Cîrstea [27] Zheng Jie Jelena Janković [22] Heather Watson
Madison Keys (WC) Marion Bartoli [11] Valeria Savinykh (Q) Venus Williams [25]
2nd Round out
Eleni Daniilidou Luksika Kumkhum (Q) Varvara Lepchenko [21] Akgul Amanmuradova (Q)
Donna Vekić Daria Gavrilova (Q) Hsieh Su-wei [26] Yulia Putintseva (Q)
Garbiñe Muguruza Annika Beck Jana Čepelová Peng Shuai
Shahar Pe'er Lucie Šafářová [17] Kristina Mladenovic Petra Kvitová [8]
Olga Govortsova Kristýna Plíšková Romina Oprandi Samantha Stosur [9]
Chan Yung-jan (Q) Maria João Koehler (Q) Ksenia Pervak Irina-Camelia Begu
Lucie Hradecká Tamira Paszek [30] Stéphanie Foretz Gacon Vesna Dolonc (Q)
Dominika Cibulková [15] Klára Zakopalová [23] Alizé Cornet Misaki Doi
1st Round out
Monica Niculescu Karolína Plíšková Sofia Arvidsson Urszula Radwańska [31]
Polona Hercog Caroline Garcia (WC) Mathilde Johansson Silvia Soler Espinosa
Sabine Lisicki Andrea Hlaváčková Lauren Davis Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova [24]
Lara Arruabarrena Vecino Lourdes Domínguez Lino Christina McHale Sara Errani [7]
Edina Gallovits-Hall Magdaléna Rybáriková Anna Tatishvili Yaroslava Shvedova [28]
Jarmila Gajdošová (WC) Gréta Arn (Q) Rebecca Marino (PR) Vania King
Nadia Petrova [12] Alexandra Panova María Teresa Torró Flor Mirjana Lučić-Baroni
Simona Halep Tímea Babos Melanie Oudin Francesca Schiavone
Sesil Karatantcheva Pauline Parmentier Sacha Jones (WC) Coco Vandeweghe
Vera Dushevina Tsvetana Pironkova Zhang Yuxuan (WC) Chang Kai-chen
Melinda Czink Daniela Hantuchová Karin Knapp (Q) Johanna Larsson
Mona Barthel [32] Alexandra Cadanțu Arantxa Rus Bojana Bobusic (WC)
Elina Svitolina Kiki Bertens Casey Dellacqua Stefanie Vögele
Michelle Larcher de Brito (Q) Camila Giorgi Olivia Rogowska (WC) Anabel Medina Garrigues
Ashleigh Barty (WC) Mandy Minella Nina Bratchikova Chanelle Scheepers
Galina Voskoboeva Marina Erakovic Petra Martić Olga Puchkova
Day-by-Day Summaries[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Day-by-day summaries
Champions[edit]
Seniors[edit]
Men's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Andy Murray, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–3, 6–2
• It was Djokovic's 6th career Grand Slam singles title and his 4th title at the Australian Open (a record).
Women's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Women's Singles
Victoria Azarenka defeated Li Na, 4–6, 6–4, 6–3
• It was Azarenka's 2nd career Grand Slam singles title and her 2nd (consecutive) title at the Australian Open.
Men's Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Men's Doubles
Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan defeated Robin Haase / Igor Sijsling, 6–3, 6–4
• It was Bob and Mike's 13th career Grand Slam doubles title and their 6th title at the Australian Open. The victory also gave them sole possession of the all-time record for Grand Slam men's doubles titles by a team.
Women's Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Women's Doubles
Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci defeated Ashleigh Barty / Casey Dellacqua, 6–2, 3–6, 6–2
• It was Errani's 3rd career Grand Slam doubles title and her 1st title at the Australian Open.
• It was Vinci's 3rd career Grand Slam doubles title and her 1st title at the Australian Open.
Mixed Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles
Jarmila Gajdošová / Matthew Ebden defeated Lucie Hradecká / František Čermák, 6–3, 7–5
• It was Gajdošová's 1st career Grand Slam mixed doubles title.
• It was Ebden's 1st career Grand Slam mixed doubles title.
Juniors[edit]
Boys' Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Boys' Singles
Nick Kyrgios defeated Thanasi Kokkinakis 7–6(7–4), 6–3
Girls' Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Girls' Singles
Ana Konjuh defeated Kateřina Siniaková 6–3, 6–4
Boys' Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Boys' Doubles
Jay Andrijic / Bradley Mousley defeated Maximilian Marterer / Lucas Miedler 6–3, 7–6(7–3)
Girls' Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Girls' Doubles
Ana Konjuh / Carol Zhao defeated Oleksandra Korashvili / Barbora Krejčíková 5–7, 6–4, [10–7]
Wheelchair tennis[edit]
Wheelchair Men's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Men's Singles
Shingo Kunieda defeated Stéphane Houdet 6–2, 6–0
Wheelchair Women's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Women's Singles
Aniek van Koot defeated Sabine Ellerbrock 6–1, 1–6, 7–5
Wheelchair Quad Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Quad Singles
David Wagner defeated Andrew Lapthorne 2–6, 6–1, 6–4
Wheelchair Men's Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Men's Doubles
Michaël Jeremiasz / Shingo Kunieda defeated Stefan Olsson / Adam Kellerman 6–0, 6–1
Wheelchair Women's Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Women's Doubles
Jiske Griffioen / Aniek van Koot defeated Lucy Shuker / Marjolein Buis 6–4, 6–3
Wheelchair Quad Doubles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Wheelchair Quad Doubles
David Wagner / Nicholas Taylor defeated Andrew Lapthorne / Anders Hard 6–2, 6–3
Players[edit]
Seniors[edit]
Singles Seeds[edit]
Seeds and Rankings are as of 7 January 2013 and Points are as of 14 January 2013.
Men's Singles[edit]
Sd
Rk[4]
Player[5]
Points[4]
Points
defending
Points won
New points
Status
1 1 Novak Djokovic 12,920 2,000 2,000 12,920 Champion, won in the final against Andy Murray [3]
2 2 Roger Federer 10,265 720 720 10,265 Semifinals lost to Andy Murray [3]
3 3 Andy Murray 8,000 720 1,200 8,480 Runner-up, lost to Novak Djokovic [1]
4 5 David Ferrer 6,505 360 720 6,865 Semifinals lost to Novak Djokovic [1]
5 6 Tomáš Berdych 4,680 360 360 4,680 Quarterfinals lost to Novak Djokovic [1]
6 7 Juan Martín del Potro 4,480 360 90 4,210 Third Round lost to Jérémy Chardy
7 8 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 3,375 180 360 3,555 Quarterfinals lost to Roger Federer [2]
8 9 Janko Tipsarević 3,090 90 180 3,180 Fourth Round lost to Nicolás Almagro [10]
9 10 Richard Gasquet 2,720 180 180 2,720 Fourth Round lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga [7]
10 11 Nicolás Almagro 2,515 180 360 2,695 Quarterfinals lost to David Ferrer [4]
11 12 Juan Mónaco 2,430 10 10 2,430 First Round lost to Andrey Kuznetsov
12 14 Marin Čilić 2,210 0 90 2,300 Third Round lost to Andreas Seppi [21]
13 15 Milos Raonic 2,175 90 180 2,265 Fourth Round lost to Roger Federer [2]
14 16 Gilles Simon 2,145 45 180 2,280 Fourth Round lost to Andy Murray [3]
15 17 Stanislas Wawrinka 1,900 90 180 1,990 Fourth Round lost to Novak Djokovic [1]
16 18 Kei Nishikori 1,870 360 180 1,690 Fourth Round lost to David Ferrer [4]
17 19 Philipp Kohlschreiber 1,830 180 90 1,740 Third Round lost to Milos Raonic [13]
18 20 Alexandr Dolgopolov 1,750 90 10 1,670 First Round lost to Gaël Monfils
19 21 Tommy Haas 1,720 45 10 1,685 First Round lost to Jarkko Nieminen
20 22 Sam Querrey 1,650 45 90 1,695 Third Round lost to Stanislas Wawrinka [15]
21 23 Andreas Seppi 1,595 10 180 1,765 Fourth Round lost to Jérémy Chardy
22 24 Fernando Verdasco 1,445 10 90 1,525 Third Round lost to Kevin Anderson
23 25 Mikhail Youzhny 1,335 10 45 1,370 Second Round lost to Evgeny Donskoy
24 26 Jerzy Janowicz 1,299 0 90 1,389 Third Round lost to Nicolás Almagro [10]
25 28 Florian Mayer 1,215 0 45 1,260 Second Round lost to Ričardas Berankis (Q)
26 29 Jürgen Melzer 1,177 10 90 1,257 Third Round lost to Tomáš Berdych [5]
27 30 Martin Kližan 1,175 20 10 1,165 First Round lost to Daniel Brands [Q]
28 31 Marcos Baghdatis 1,115 45 90 1,160 Third Round lost to David Ferrer [4]
29 32 Thomaz Bellucci 1,112 45 10 1,077 First Round lost to Blaz Kavčič
30 33 Radek Štěpánek 1,110 10 90 1,190 Third Round lost to Novak Djokovic [1]
31 34 Marcel Granollers 1,125 45 45 1,125 Second Round lost to Jérémy Chardy
32 35 Julien Benneteau 1,075 90 90 1,075 Third Round lost to Janko Tipsarević [8]
Withdrawn players (Men's Singles)[edit]
Rank
Player
Points
Points defending
Points Won
New points
Withdrew due to
4 Rafael Nadal 6,600 1,200 0 5,400 Stomach virus[6]
13 John Isner 2,215 90 0 2,125 Knee injury
27 Mardy Fish 1,255 45 0 1,210 Health reasons
Women's Singles[edit]
Sd
Rk[4]
Player[5]
Points[4]
Points
defending
Points won
New points
Status
1 1 Victoria Azarenka 10,325 2,000 2,000 10,325 Champion, won in the final against Li Na [6]
2 2 Maria Sharapova 10,045 1,400 900 9,545 Semifinals lost to Li Na [6]
3 3 Serena Williams 9,750 280 500 9,970 Quarterfinals lost to Sloane Stephens [29]
4 4 Agnieszka Radwańska 7,750 500 500 7,750 Quarterfinals lost to Li Na [6]
5 5 Angelique Kerber 5,575 160 280 5,695 Fourth Round lost to Ekaterina Makarova [19]
6 6 Li Na 5,135 280 1,400 6,255 Runner-up, lost to Victoria Azarenka [1]
7 7 Sara Errani 5,100 500 5 4,605 First Round lost to Carla Suárez Navarro
8 8 Petra Kvitová 5,085 900 100 4,285 Second Round lost to Laura Robson
9 9 Samantha Stosur 4,135 5 100 4,230 Second Round lost to Zheng Jie
10 10 Caroline Wozniacki 3,765 500 280 3,545 Fourth Round lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova
11 11 Marion Bartoli 3,740 160 160 3,740 Third Round lost to Ekaterina Makarova [19]
12 12 Nadia Petrova 3,040 100 5 2,945 First Round lost to Kimiko Date-Krumm
13 13 Ana Ivanovic 2,841 280 280 2,841 Fourth Round lost to Agnieszka Radwańska [4]
14 14 Maria Kirilenko 2,570 160 280 2,690 Fourth Round lost to Serena Williams [3]
15 15 Dominika Cibulková 2,695 100 100 2,695 Second Round lost to Valeria Savinykh [Q]
16 16 Roberta Vinci 2,525 100 160 2,585 Third Round lost to Elena Vesnina
17 17 Lucie Šafářová 2,065 5 100 2,160 Second Round lost to Bojana Jovanovski
18 18 Julia Görges 1,965 280 280 1,965 Fourth Round lost to Li Na [6]
19 19 Ekaterina Makarova 1,881 500 500 1,881 Quarterfinals lost to Maria Sharapova [2]
20 20 Yanina Wickmayer 1,680 5 160 1,835 Third Round lost to Maria Kirilenko [14]
21 21 Varvara Lepchenko 1,835 60 100 1,870 Second Round lost to Elena Vesnina
22 22 Jelena Janković 1,751 280 160 1,631 Third Round lost to Ana Ivanovic [13]
23 23 Klára Zakopalová 1,705 5 100 1,800 Second Round lost to Kirsten Flipkens
24 24 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 1,690 100 5 1,595 First Round lost to Lesia Tsurenko [Q]
25 25 Venus Williams 1,650 0 160 1,810 Third Round lost to Maria Sharapova [2]
26 26 Hsieh Su-wei 1,636 40 100 1,696 Second Round lost to Svetlana Kuznetsova
27 27 Sorana Cîrstea 1,565 160 160 1,565 Third Round lost to Li Na [6]
28 28 Yaroslava Shvedova 1,583 2 5 1,586 First Round lost to Annika Beck
29 29 Sloane Stephens 1,666 100 900 2,466 Semifinals lost to Victoria Azarenka [1]
30 30 Tamira Paszek 1,523 5 100 1,618 Second Round lost to Madison Keys [WC]
31 31 Urszula Radwańska 1,490 100 5 1,395 First Round lost to Jamie Hampton
32 32 Mona Barthel 1,380 160 5 1,225 First Round lost to Ksenia Pervak
Main Draw Wildcard Entries[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Main Draw Wildcard Entries
Men's Singles[edit]
James Duckworth
John Millman
Ben Mitchell
Josselin Ouanna
Luke Saville
John-Patrick Smith
Rhyne Williams
Wu Di[7]
Women's Singles[edit]
Ashleigh Barty
Bojana Bobusic
Jarmila Gajdošová
Caroline Garcia
Sacha Jones
Madison Keys
Olivia Rogowska
Zhang Yuxuan[8]
Men's Doubles[edit]
Matthew Barton / John Millman
Alex Bolt / Greg Jones
James Duckworth / Chris Guccione
Samuel Groth / Matt Reid
Minos Kokkinakis / Andrew Harris
John Peers / John-Patrick Smith
Danai Udomchoke / Jimmy Wang
Women's Doubles[edit]
Monique Adamczak / Stephanie Bengson
Ashleigh Barty / Casey Dellacqua
Cara Black / Anastasia Rodionova
Bojana Bobusic / Jessica Moore
Han Xinyun / Zhou Yimiao
Viktorija Rajicic / Storm Sanders
Arina Rodionova / Olivia Rogowska
Mixed Doubles[edit]
Ashleigh Barty / Jack Sock
Cara Black / Paul Hanley
Bojana Bobusic / Chris Guccione
Casey Dellacqua / John-Patrick Smith
Jarmila Gajdošová / Matthew Ebden
Olivia Rogowska / Marinko Matosevic
Samantha Stosur / Luke Saville
Main Draw Qualifiers Entries[edit]
Men's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Men's Singles Qualifying
Maxime Authom
Jamie Baker
Ruben Bemelmans
Ričardas Berankis
Alex Bogomolov, Jr.
Daniel Brands
Arnau Brugués-Davi
Steve Johnson
Adrian Mannarino
Adrián Menéndez
Daniel Muñoz de la Nava
Rajeev Ram
Julian Reister
Dudi Sela
Cedrik-Marcel Stebe
Amir Weintraub
The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot:
Tim Smyczek
Women's Singles[edit]
Main article: 2013 Australian Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Akgul Amanmuradova
Gréta Arn
Vesna Dolonc
Vera Dushevina
Daria Gavrilova
Maria João Koehler
Karin Knapp
Luksika Kumkhum
Michelle Larcher de Brito
Valeria Savinykh
Lesia Tsurenko
Chan Yung-jan
Protected ranking[edit]
The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking:
Men's Singles
Somdev Devvarman
Tommy Robredo
Women's Singles
Rebecca Marino
Withdrawals[edit]
The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons.
Men's Singles
Mardy Fish →replaced by Jan Hájek
John Isner →replaced by Tim Smyczek
Rafael Nadal →replaced by Matthew Ebden
David Nalbandian →replaced by Mikhail Kukushkin
Andy Roddick →replaced by Sergiy Stakhovsky
Jürgen Zopp →replaced by Jesse Levine
Women's Singles
Iveta Benešová →replaced by Sesil Karatantcheva
Petra Cetkovská →replaced by Karolína Plíšková
Kaia Kanepi →replaced by Donna Vekić
Flavia Pennetta →replaced by Jana Čepelová
Aleksandra Wozniak →replaced by Rebecca Marino
Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová →replaced by Garbiñe Muguruza
Vera Zvonareva →replaced by Elina Svitolina
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Australian Open Tickets". Ticketliquidator.com. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.wtatennis.com/news/article/3056690/title/wta-odds-n-ends-vika-victorious-again
Jump up ^ "Tennis: Australian Open offer record prize money to avert strike". walesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "WTA tour notes for week commencing 17 January 2012(PDF)" (PDF). wtatour.com. Retrieved 25 January 2012. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Tennis Australia (13 January 2012). "List of seeds for Men's and Women's draws". australianopen.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Australian Open 2013: Rafael Nadal withdraws due to stomach virus". Telegraph. 28 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Main Australian Open berth for China's Wu Di". Australianopen.com. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Chinese qualifier wins women's Asian wildcard". Australianopen.com. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website
Preceded by
2012 US Open Grand Slam Tournaments Succeeded by
2013 French Open
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Battle of Brandywine
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Battle of Brandywine
Part of the American Revolutionary War

Hessian map of the Philadelphia campaign
Date
September 11, 1777
Location
Chadds Ford Township,
Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States
39°52′19″N 75°35′24″W / 39.872°N 75.590°W / 39.872; -75.590 (Battlefield Park)Coordinates: 39°52′19″N 75°35′24″W / 39.872°N 75.590°W / 39.872; -75.590 (Battlefield Park)
Result
British victory[1]
Belligerents
United States
Canadian auxiliaries
Great Britain
Hesse-Kassel
Commanders and leaders
George Washington
Nathanael Greene
John Sullivan
Lord Stirling
Adam Stephen
Anthony Wayne
Casimir Pulaski
Moses Hazen Sir William Howe
Charles Cornwallis
Wilhelm Knyphausen
Strength
14,600[2] 15,500 and 47 guns[2]
Casualties and losses
Total: 1,300
300 killed
600 wounded
400 captured[3] Total: 587
93 killed
488 wounded
6 missing[3]
Pennsylvania Historical Marker
Designated
March 18, 1952[4]
show
v
t
e
Philadelphia campaign
1777–1778
Bound Brook
Short Hills
Staten Island
Cooch's Bridge
Brandywine
Clouds
Paoli
Germantown
Red Bank
Fort Mifflin
Gloucester
White Marsh
Matson's Ford
Valley Forge
Conway Cabal
Quinton's Bridge
Clow Rebellion
Crooked Billet
Barren Hill
Carlisle Peace Commission
Monmouth
The Battle of Brandywine, also known as the Battle of Brandywine Creek, was fought between the American army of General George Washington and the British army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777. The British Army defeated the American Army and forced them to withdraw toward the American capital of Philadelphia. The engagement occurred near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania during Howe's campaign to take Philadelphia, part of the American Revolutionary War. More troops fought at Brandywine than any other battle of the American Revolution.[5] It was also the longest single-day battle of the war, with continuous fighting for 11 hours.[5]
Howe's army departed from Sandy Hook, New Jersey, on July 23, 1777, and landed near Elkton, Maryland, in northern Chesapeake Bay.[6] Marching north, the British Army brushed aside American light forces in a few skirmishes. Washington offered battle with his army posted behind Brandywine Creek. While part of his army demonstrated in front of Chadds Ford, Howe took the bulk of his troops on a long march that crossed the Brandywine beyond Washington's right flank. Due to poor scouting, the Americans did not detect Howe's column until it reached a position in rear of their right flank. Belatedly, three divisions were shifted to block the British flanking force at Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse and School, a Quaker meeting house.
After a stiff fight, Howe's wing broke through the newly formed American right wing which was deployed on several hills. At this point Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen attacked Chadds Ford and crumpled the American left wing. As Washington's army streamed away in retreat, he brought up elements of Nathanael Greene's division which held off Howe's column long enough for his army to escape to the northeast. Polish General Casimir Pulaski defended Washington's rear assisting in his escape.[7] The defeat and subsequent maneuvers left Philadelphia vulnerable. The British captured the city on September 26, beginning an occupation that would last until June 1778.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Battle
2.1 British advance
2.2 Washington and Greene arrive near Dilworth
2.2.1 Knyphausen's final attack
3 Losses
4 Aftermath
5 Battlefield preservation
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background[edit]
Main article: Philadelphia campaign
In late August 1777, after a distressing 34-day journey from Sandy Hook on the coast of New Jersey, a Royal Navy fleet of more than 260 ships carrying some 17,000 British troops under the command of British General Sir William Howe landed at the head of the Elk River, on the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay near present-day Elkton, Maryland (then known as Head of Elk), approximately 40–50 miles (60–80 km) southwest of Philadelphia. Unloading the ships proved to be a logistical problem because the narrow river neck was shallow and muddy.
General George Washington had situated the American forces, about 20,300-strong, between Head of Elk and Philadelphia. His forces were able to reconnoiter the British landing from Iron Hill near Newark, Delaware, about 9 miles (14 km) to the northeast. Because of the delay disembarking from the ships, Howe did not set up a typical camp but quickly moved forward with the troops. As a result, Washington was not able to accurately gauge the strength of the opposing forces.
After a skirmish at Cooch's Bridge south of Newark, the British troops moved north and Washington abandoned a defensive encampment along the Red Clay Creek near Newport, Delaware to deploy against the British at Chadds Ford. This site was important as it was the most direct passage across the Brandywine River on the road from Baltimore to Philadelphia. On September 9, Washington positioned detachments to guard other fords above and below Chadds Ford, hoping to force the battle there. Washington employed General John Armstrong, commanding about 1,000 Pennsylvania militia, to cover Pyle's Ford, 5.8 miles south of Chadds Ford, which was covered by Major Generals Anthony Wayne's and Nathanael Greene's divisions. Major General John Sullivan's division extended northward along the Brandywine's east banks, covering the high ground north of Chadds Ford along with Major General Adam Stephen's division and Major General Lord Stirling's divisions. Further upstream was a brigade under Colonel Moses Hazen covering Buffington's Ford and Wistar's Ford. Washington was confident that the area was secure.
The British grouped forces at nearby Kennett Square.[8] Howe, who had better information about the area than Washington, had no intention of mounting a full-scale frontal attack against the prepared American defenses. He instead employed a flanking maneuver, similar to that used in the Battle of Long Island. About 6,800 men under the command of Wilhelm von Knyphausen advanced to meet Washington's troops at Chadds Ford. The remainder of Howe's troops, about 9,000 men, under the command of Charles, Lord Cornwallis, marched north to Trimble's Ford across the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek, then east to Jefferies Ford across the East Branch (two fords that Washington had overlooked), and then south to flank the American forces.[9]
Battle[edit]
See Brandywine order of battle for a detailed list of the regiments and organizations of both armies.
British advance[edit]
Map of the Brandywine battlefield (1830 engraving)
The Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777
September 11 began with a heavy fog, which provided cover for the British troops. Washington received contradictory reports about the British troop movements and continued to believe that the main force was moving to attack at Chadds Ford.
Knyphausen's Column
At 5:30 a.m. the British and Hessian troops began marching east along the "Great Road" (now Route 1) from Kennett Square, advancing on the American troops positioned where the road crossed Brandywine Creek. The first shots of the battle took place about 4 miles west of Chadds Ford, at Welch's Tavern. Element's of Maxwell's continental light infantry skirmished with the British vanguard (primarily the Queen's Rangers – a battalion of loyalists). The British continued to advance and encountered a greater force of continentals behind the stone walls on the Old Kennett Meetinghouse grounds. The battle was fought at mid-morning around the meeting house while the pacifist Quakers continued to hold their midweek service. One of the Quakers later wrote, "While there was much noise and confusion without, all was quiet and peaceful within."[10]
From the Meetinghouse grounds, the battle continued for three miles to the Brandywine Creek, at Chadds Ford. Eventually the British pushed the Americans back but not before suffering heavy losses.
Cornwallis's Column
The main British column under General Cornwallis (and accompanied by General Howe) set out from Kennett Square at 5:00 a.m.. Local loyalist sources had provided Howe with knowledge of two unguarded fords, above the forks of the Brandywine. The 17 mile flank march took approximately 9 hours to complete. The British appeared on the Americans' right flank at around 2 p.m. and took a much needed rest on Osbourne's Hill, a commanding position North of the Continental army. Having received intelligence from Colonel Bland's scouts, Washington ordered Sullivan to take overall command of Stirling and Stephen's divisions (in addition to his own) and quickly march North to meet the British flank attack. As they were forming their lines north of Dilworth, Howe launched his attack. Having taken overall command of the right-wing of the army, Sullivan left his division to confer with the other generals. His own division he left under the command of Preudhomme de Borre, with orders to shift to the right in order to link up with Stirling and Stephen's divisions (from left to right the divisions were arranged as Sullivan, Stirling, Stephen). As the British lines advanced the Hessian Jaegers threatened to flank the American right forcing Stephen and Stirling to shift right. Howe was slow to attack, which bought time for the Americans to position some of their men on high ground near Birmingham Meetinghouse, about a mile (1.6 km) north of Chadds Ford.[11] By 4 p.m., the British attacked. The British Brigade of Guards caught de Borre by surprise on the American left, before de Borre had time to fully form, and immediately sent them in to disarray, causing the entire division to rout. Initially, Stephen's and Stirling's divisions held firm, aided by a battery of artillery on a knoll between their divisions. However, the British light infantry battalions, aided by the Jaegers, eventually caused Stephen's division to fall back. A bayonet charge by the British grenadier battalions, in the center, similarly forced Stirling to retreat. Lafayette had only just arrived, joining Stirling's division, when he received a wound while trying to rally the retreating troops.
Washington and Greene arrive near Dilworth[edit]
Around 6 p.m., Washington and Greene arrived with reinforcements to try to hold off the British, who now occupied Meeting House Hill. Washington conferred with Greene and Knox, the latter of whom was head of artillery, in the yard of the William Brinton house.[12] The 2nd Battalion of Grenadiers was nearing their position, and was joined by a fresh reserve brigade (the 4th British Brigade). It was determined that Knox would deploy artillery to slow the British advance. Greene's reinforcements, combined with the remnants of Sullivan's, Stephen's, and Stirling's divisions, formed south of Dilworth and stopped the pursuing British for nearly an hour, letting the rest of the army retreat. When darkness fell, Greene's division finally began the march to Chester along with the rest of the army. The British army was not able to pursue due to the onset of night. The Americans were also forced to leave behind many of their cannons on Meeting House Hill because almost all of their artillery horses were killed.
Knyphausen's final attack[edit]
Location of Stirling's Division on the ridge (i.e. Birmingham Hill) just west of Birmingham road (looking west). The British Grenadier battalions attacked from right to left, ultimately forcing Stirling to fall back with a bayonet charge.
Upon hearing the attack of Cornwallis's column, Knyphausen launched an attack against the weakened American center across Chadds Ford, breaking through the divisions commanded by Wayne and William Maxwell and forcing them to retreat and leave behind most of their cannon. Armstrong's militia, never engaged in the fighting, also decided to retreat from their positions. Further north, Greene sent Brigadier General George Weedon's troops to cover the road just outside the town of Dilworth to hold off the British long enough for the rest of the Continental Army to retreat. Darkness brought the British pursuit to a standstill, which then allowed Weedon's force to retreat. The defeated Americans retreated to Chester where most of them arrived at midnight, with stragglers arriving until morning. The American retreat was well-organized, largely due to the efforts of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, who, although wounded, created a rally point that allowed for a more orderly retreat before being treated for his wound.[13]
Losses[edit]
Nation Makers by Howard Pyle depicts a scene from the battle. The painting hangs in the Brandywine River Museum.
The official British casualty list detailed 587 casualties: 93 killed (eight officers, seven sergeants and 78 rank and file); 488 wounded (49 officers, 40 sergeants, four drummers and 395 rank and file); and six rank and file missing unaccounted for.[3] Only 40 of the British Army's casualties were Hessians.[14] Historian Thomas J. McGuire writes that, "American estimates of British losses run as high as 2,000, based on distant observation and sketchy, unreliable reports".[3]
7th Pennsylvania Regiment's historic Brandywine flag
Most accounts of the American loss were from the British. One initial report by a British officer recorded American casualties at over 200 killed, around 750 wounded, and 400 prisoners taken, many of them wounded. A member of General Howe's staff claimed that 400 rebels were buried on the field by the victors.[15] Another British officer wrote that, "The Enemy had 502 dead in the field".[3] General Howe's report to the British colonial secretary, Lord George Germain, said that the Americans, "had about 300 men killed, 600 wounded, and near 400 made prisoners".[3]
No casualty return for the American army at Brandywine survives and no figures, official or otherwise, were ever released. The nearest thing to a hard figure from the American side was by Major General Nathanael Greene, who estimated that Washington's army had lost between 1,200 and 1,300 men.[16] On September 14, 350 wounded Americans were taken from the British camp at Dilworth to a newly established hospital at Wilmington, Delaware.[17] This would suggest that of the "near 400" prisoners reported by Howe, only about 50 had surrendered unwounded. If General Greene's estimate of the total American loss was accurate, then they had between 1,160 and 1,260 killed, wounded or deserted during the battle. The British also captured 11 out of 14 of the American artillery pieces. Among the American wounded was the Marquis de Lafayette.
In addition to losses in battle, 315 men were posted as deserters from Washington's camp during this stage of the campaign.[18]
Aftermath[edit]
Although Howe had defeated the American army, his lack of cavalry prevented its total destruction. Washington had committed a serious error in leaving his right flank wide open and nearly brought about his army's annihilation had it not been for Sullivan, Stirling and Stephen's divisions, which fought for time. Evening was approaching and, in spite of the early start Cornwallis had made in the flanking maneuver, most of the American army was able to escape. In his report to the Continental Congress detailing the battle, Washington stated: "despite the day's misfortune, I am pleased to announce that most of my men are in good spirits and still have the courage to fight the enemy another day".
British and American forces maneuvered around each other for the next several days with only a few encounters such as the Battle of Paoli on the night of September 20–21.
The Continental Congress abandoned Philadelphia, moving first to Lancaster, Pennsylvania for one day and then to York, Pennsylvania. Military supplies were moved out of the city to Reading, Pennsylvania. On 26 September 1777, British forces marched into Philadelphia unopposed.
Eight Army National Guard units (103rd Eng Bn,[19] A/1-104th Cav,[20] 109th FA,[21] 111th Inf,[22] 113th Inf,[23] 116th Inf,[24] 1-175th Inf[25] and 198th Sig Bn[26]) and one active Regular Army Field Artillery battalion (1–5th FA[27]) are derived from American units that participated in the Battle of Brandywine. There are only thirty currently existing units in the U.S. Army with lineages that go back to the colonial era.
Battlefield preservation[edit]
Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site is a National Historical Landmark. The historic park is owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, on 52 acres (210,000 m2), near Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is part of the site of the Battle of Brandywine fought on September 11, 1777, during the American Revolution.
The American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 10.4 acres (0.042 km2) of the battlefield.[28]
Birmingham Meetinghouse in 1974
The battlefield today, south of Meeting House Hill
View from the top of Osborne's Hill looking southeast toward the American positions
George Washington's headquarters
Monument to Lafayette and Pulaski at Birmingham Cemetery
Stone Wall at Birmingham Meetinghouse. Forward defenses of the American right-wing.
Hill overlooking Sandy Hollow, where Gen. Stephen's Division deployed on the far right flank of the Continental Army. The Jagers attacked from the right side of the photograph, while the light infantry attacked from the current-day tree line, at the left and center.
Mass grave containing the remains of soldiers from both armies at Birmingham Meetinghouse
See also[edit]
American Revolutionary War portal
Philadelphia portal
List of American Revolutionary War battles
Continental Army Encampment Site
Brandywine Battlefield
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert Middlekauff (5 January 2005). The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789. Oxford University Press. p. 566. ISBN 978-0-19-974092-5. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Philadelphia 1777: Taking the Capital, Clement, p. 23
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f McGuire, Thomas J.; The Philadelphia Campaign: Volume 1: Brandywine and the Fall of Philadelphia; Stackpole Books; Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania; 2006; ISBN 978-0-8117-0178-5; ISBN 0-8117-0178-6, p. 269
Jump up ^ "PHMC Historical Markers Search" (Searchable database). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. x. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
Jump up ^ Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
Jump up ^ "Historical Marker Battle of Brandywine".
Jump up ^ 39°50′39″N 75°42′38″W / 39.84417°N 75.71056°W / 39.84417; -75.71056 (Kennett Square)
Jump up ^ "Cornwallis's March: Driving Tour of the Brandywine Battlefield Region". Brandywine Battlefield Historic Site. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2009. Trimble's Ford is located at 39°55′23″N 75°41′13″W / 39.923°N 75.687°W / 39.923; -75.687 (Trimble's Ford). Jefferis Ford is located at 39°56′20″N 75°38′10″W / 39.939°N 75.636°W / 39.939; -75.636 (Jefferis Ford)
Jump up ^ Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
Jump up ^ Birmingham Meetinghouse is located at 39°54′20″N 75°35′42″W / 39.90556°N 75.59500°W / 39.90556; -75.59500 (Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse and School)
Jump up ^ Ebenreiter, John. "Battle of Brandywine". Brandywine Battlefield. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Gaines, James (September 2007). "Washington & Lafayette". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ Martin, David G.; The Philadelphia Campaign June 1777 – July 1778; Combined Books; Conshohocken, Pennsylvania; 1993; ISBN 0-938289-19-5, p. 76
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 76
Jump up ^ Boatner, Mark Mayo, Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence 1763–1783, Cassell, London, 1966, ISBN 0-304-29296-6, p. 109
Jump up ^ McGuire, p. 278
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 76. Edgar, Philadelphia Campaign, p. 39, incorrectly states that these 315 men deserted during the battle of September 11.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 103rd Engineer Battalion.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, Troop A/1st Squadron/104th Cavalry.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 109th Field Artillery.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 111th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981. pp. 217–219.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 113th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 221–223.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 116th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 227–229.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 175th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1982, pp. 343–345.
Jump up ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 198th Signal Battalion.
Jump up ^ "1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery Regiment". US Army Center of Military History. February 17, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ [1] American Battlefield Trust "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed May 24, 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Harris, Michael. Brandywine. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7
Edgar, Gregory T. (1966). The Philadelphia Campaign, 1777–1778. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books. ISBN 0-7884-0921-2.
Fortescue, John. History of the British Army.
McGuire, Thomas J. Brandywine Battlefield Park: Pennsylvania Trail of History Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. ISBN 0811726053.
McGuire, Thomas J. The Philadelphia Campaign, Vol. I: Brandywine and the Fall of Philadelphia. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2006. ISBN 0811701786.
Martin, David G., The Philadelphia Campaign: June 1777 – July 1778. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, 1993. ISBN 0-938289-19-5. 2003 Da Capo reprint, ISBN 0-306-81258-4.
Mowday, Bruce. September 11, 1777: Washington's Defeat at Brandywine Dooms Philadelphia. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1572493283.
Ward, Christopher. The War of the Revolution. New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011. ISBN 1616080809.
Sawicki, James A. Infantry Regiments of the US Army. Dumfries, VA: Wyvern Publications, 1981. ISBN 978-0-9602404-3-2.
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