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A Christmas Story
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For other uses, see A Christmas Story (disambiguation).
A Christmas Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Bob Clark
Produced by
Rene Dupont
Bob Clark
Written by
Jean Shepherd
Leigh Brown
Bob Clark
Based on
In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash
by Jean Shepherd
Starring
Melinda Dillon
Darren McGavin
Peter Billingsley
Music by
Carl Zittrer
Paul Zaza
Cinematography
Reginald H. Morris
Edited by
Stan Cole
Production
company
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by
MGM/UA Entertainment Co.
Release date
November 18, 1983 (1983-11-18)
Running time
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3.3 million[1]
Box office
$20.6 million[1]
A Christmas Story is a 1983 American Christmas comedy film directed by Bob Clark and based on Jean Shepherd's semi-fictional anecdotes in his 1966 book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash, with some elements from his 1971 book Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories. It stars Melinda Dillon, Darren McGavin, and Peter Billingsley. A seasonal classic in North America, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. Since 1997, a marathon of the film titled "24 Hours of A Christmas Story" has aired annually on TNT and/or TBS, comprising twelve consecutive airings of the film on both Christmas Eve and Christmas Day each year.[2]
The film was released on November 18, 1983. It earned two Canadian Genie Awards in 1984 and in 2012 was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Casting
3 Production
3.1 Locations
3.2 Red Ryder BB gun
3.3 Dating the story
4 Soundtrack
5 Release and reception
6 Broadcasting and home video release
6.1 Television
6.1.1 24 Hours of A Christmas Story
6.2 Subsequent and earlier works
6.2.1 Stage adaptations
6.3 Home video releases
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
The film is presented in a series of vignettes, with narration provided by the adult Ralphie Parker reminiscing on one particular Christmas when he was nine years old. Ralphie wanted only one thing for that Christmas: a Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-shot Range Model air rifle. Ralphie's desire is rejected by his mother, his teacher Miss Shields, and even a Santa Claus at Higbee's department store, all giving him the same warning: "You'll shoot your eye out."
Christmas morning arrives and Ralphie dives into his presents. Although he does receive some presents he enjoys, Ralphie ultimately is disappointed that he did not receive the one thing he wanted more than anything. After it appears all of the presents have been opened, Ralphie's father, "The Old Man," directs Ralphie to look at one last present that he had hidden. Ralphie opens it to reveal the Red Ryder gun he wanted.
Ralphie takes the gun outside and fires it at a target perched on a metal sign in the backyard. However, the BB ricochets back at Ralphie and knocks his glasses off. While searching for them, thinking he has indeed shot his eye out, Ralphie accidentally steps on his glasses and breaks them. He lies to his mother that a falling icicle broke his glasses, and she believes him.
Ralphie is in bed on Christmas night with his gun by his side. The adult Ralphie narrates that this was the best present he had ever received or would ever receive.
Other vignettes:
The Old Man wins a "major award" in a contest, which turns out to be a lamp in the shape of a woman's leg wearing a fishnet stocking, which was derived from the logo for Nehi (pronounced "knee-high") pop, a popular soft drink of the period.[4] The Old Man is overjoyed by the lamp, but Mrs. Parker does not like it and a feud over it — referred to by adult Ralphie as "The Battle of the Lamp" — develops and results in the lamp's "accidental" destruction.[5]
The Old Man also fights a never-ending battle with the malfunctioning furnace in the Parker home. His frustrations cause him to swear quite often, including one profanity-laden rant that the adult Ralphie says "is still hanging in space over Lake Michigan."[6]
Still another source of frustration for The Old Man is the dogs that belong to the next door hillbilly neighbors, the Bumpuses. The Bumpuses own "at least 785 smelly hound dogs" that harass The Old Man whenever he comes home from work. On Christmas Day, the dogs ruin the family's dinner by romping through their kitchen and eating their turkey. This results in the family having Christmas dinner at a Chinese restaurant instead.[7]
Ralphie and his friends Flick and Schwartz are tormented by the neighborhood bullies Scut Farkus and Grover Dill. Ralphie eventually snaps and beats up Farkus.[8]
Flick accepts a dare from Schwartz to stick his tongue onto the school flagpole. His tongue freezes onto the pole, requiring assistance from the police and fire department to free him.
After getting a Christmas tree on the ride home, one of The Old Man's tires becomes flat, so he goes to fix it. Mrs. Parker encourages Ralphie to help. When Ralphie flips the tire he says, "Oh Fudge!" but he actually said the bad word. At home, Ralphie is given Lifebuoy soap in his mouth. His mother asks where he heard the word. He actually has heard from The Old Man every day but chickens out and says Schwartz. This leads to his mother calling Schwartz's mother on the phone.
For homework, Ralphie and his class are assigned to write on what they want for Christmas. Ralphie knows what he is going to write about: The Red Ryder BB Gun. He imagines the ultimate A+, but gets a C+, with Miss Shields writing, "You'll shoot your eye out!" on the paper.
Ralphie, a fan of the Little Orphan Annie radio program, eagerly awaits the arrival of a decoder pin he has applied to receive. When it comes in the mail, he uses it to decode a secret message at the end of the day's broadcast, but is disappointed to find it is only an advertisement for Ovaltine, the show's sponsor.
Cast[edit]
Peter Billingsley as Ralphie Parker
Jean Shepherd as adult Ralphie (voice)
Ian Petrella as Randy Parker
Melinda Dillon as Mrs. Parker
Darren McGavin as Mr. Parker (The Old Man)
Scott Schwartz as Flick
R. D. Robb as Schwartz
Zack Ward as Scut Farkus
Yano Anaya as Grover Dill
Tedde Moore as Miss Shields
Jeff Gillen as Santa Claus
Casting[edit]
The basis of the screenplay is a series of monologues written and performed by Jean Shepherd on radio. Shepherd wrote the screenplay adaptation with Bob Clark and Leigh Brown.[9] Several subplots are incorporated into the body of the film, based on other separate short stories by Shepherd. Shepherd provides the film's narration from the perspective of an adult Ralphie, a narrative style later used in the dramedy television series The Wonder Years. Shepherd, Brown and Clark all have cameo appearances in the film: Shepherd plays the man who directs Ralphie and Randy to the back of the Santa line at the department store; Brown – Shepherd's wife in real life – plays the woman in the Santa line with Shepherd; Clark plays Swede, the neighbor the Old Man talks to outside during the Leg Lamp scene.
In the DVD commentary, director Bob Clark mentions that Jack Nicholson was considered for the role of the Old Man; Clark expresses gratitude that he ended up with Darren McGavin instead, who later appeared in several other Clark films. He cast Melinda Dillon on the basis of her similar role in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Some 8,000 actors auditioned for the role of Ralphie; "He walked in, and he had us from the beginning," Clark later recalled of Peter Billingsley who was already a successful actor in commercials[10] and from co-hosting the TV series Real People. Clark initially wanted him for the role of Ralphie, but decided he was "too obvious" a choice and auditioned many other young actors before realizing that Billingsley was the right choice after all.
Ian Petrella was cast immediately before filming began. Tedde Moore had previously appeared in Clark's film Murder by Decree and was the only onscreen character from A Christmas Story who was played by the same actor in the sequel, My Summer Story. Jeff Gillen was an old friend of Clark's who had been in one of his earliest films.[11] The schoolyard bully, Scut Farkus, was played by Zack Ward, now an actor, writer and director, who had actually been bullied himself while in elementary school. In 2017, he said he was surprised at the impact his role had had over the years. "I saw that I was ranked — as Christmas villains go — higher than the Grinch. That’s amazing."[12]
Production[edit]
The screenplay for A Christmas Story is based on material from author Jean Shepherd's collection of short stories, In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash. Three of the semi-autobiographical short stories on which the film is based were originally published in Playboy magazine between 1964 and 1966.[13] Shepherd later read "Duel in the Snow, or Red Ryder nails the Cleveland Street Kid" and told the otherwise unpublished story "Flick's Tongue" on his WOR Radio talk show, as can be heard in one of the DVD extras.[14] Bob Clark states on the DVD commentary that he became interested in Shepherd's work when he heard "Flick's Tongue" on the radio in 1968. Additional source material for the film, according to Clark, came from unpublished anecdotes that Shepherd told live audiences "on the college circuit."[11]
Locations[edit]
The front of the Parkers' house where A Christmas Story was filmed, in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland's west side. The building has now been restored, reconfigured inside to match the soundstage interiors, and opened to the public as A Christmas Story House.
The film is set in Hohman, Indiana, a fictionalized version of Shepherd's hometown of Hammond, named for Hohman Avenue, which runs through downtown Hammond.[15] Local references in the film include Warren G. Harding Elementary School and Cleveland Street (where Shepherd spent his childhood). Other local references include mention of a person "swallowing a yo-yo" in nearby Griffith,[16] the Old Man being one of the fiercest "furnace fighters in northern Indiana" and that his obscenities were "hanging in space over Lake Michigan," a mention of the Indianapolis 500, and the line to Santa Claus "stretching all the way to Terre Haute, Indiana." The Old Man is also revealed to be a fan of the Bears (whom he jokingly calls the "Chicago Chipmunks") and White Sox, consistent with living in northwest Indiana.
Director Bob Clark reportedly sent scouts to twenty cities before selecting Cleveland for exterior filming. Cleveland was chosen because of Higbee's Department Store in downtown Cleveland. (Since Higbee's was exclusive to northeast Ohio,[17] the department store referenced in Shepherd's book and the film is most likely Goldblatt's, located in downtown Hammond [with the Cam-Lan Chinese Restaurant three doors down on Sibley Ave].) Until they connected with Higbee's, location scouts had been unsuccessful in finding a department store that was willing to be part of the film. Higbee's vice president Bruce Campbell agreed to take part in the project on the condition he be allowed to edit the script for cursing. Ultimately, Higbee's was the stage for three scenes in the film:
The opening scene in which Ralphie first spies the Red Ryder BB Gun in the store's Christmas window display. Higbee's was known for its elaborate, child-centered Christmas themes and decorations, with Santa as the centerpiece.
The parade scene, filmed just outside Higbee’s on Public Square at 3 AM. The parade was filmed at night because during the daytime the 1960s Erieview Tower and Federal Building were visible from the Public Square, as was the BP Tower, which was under construction at the time.
Ralphie and Randy’s visit to see Santa, which was filmed inside Higbee’s. The store kept the Santa slide that was made for the film and used it for several years after the film's release.
Higbee's became Dillard's in 1992 and closed for good in 2002.[18]
In addition to the scenes involving Higbee's, the exterior shots (and select interior shots where Ralphie lived, including the opening of the leg lamp) of the house and neighborhood, were filmed in the Tremont section of Cleveland's West Side. The house used as the Parker home in these scenes has been restored, reconfigured inside to match the soundstage interiors, and opened to the public as "A Christmas Story House". Appropriately, the fictional boyhood home of Ralphie Parker is on Cleveland Street, the name of the actual street where Shepherd grew up.
However, Cleveland was only one of several locations used. The school scenes were shot at the Victoria School in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.[19] The Christmas tree-purchasing scene was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, as was the sound stage filming of interior shots of the Parker home.[20][21] The "...only I didn't say fudge" scene was filmed at the foot of Cherry Street in Toronto; several lake freighters are visible in the background spending the winter at Toronto's port, which lends authenticity to the time of year when the film was produced.
In 2008, two fans from Canada released a documentary that visits every location used in the film. Their film, Road Trip for Ralphie, was shot over two years and includes footage of the filmmakers saving Miss Shields' blackboard from the garbage bin on the day the old Victoria School was gutted for renovation, discovering the antique fire truck that saved Flick, locating all the original costumes from the film, and tracking down the real-life location of the film's Chop Suey Palace in Toronto.[22]
Red Ryder BB gun[edit]
Main article: Red Ryder BB Gun
The Red Ryder BB gun was available beginning in 1938 and remains available today, but never in the exact configuration mentioned in the film. The Daisy "Buck Jones" model did have a compass and a sundial in the stock, but these features were not included in the Red Ryder model.[23] The compass and sundial were placed on Ralphie's BB gun, but on the opposite side of the stock due to Peter Billingsley being left-handed.[24]
Dating the story[edit]
Director Bob Clark stated in the film's DVD commentary that both he and author Shepherd wished for the film to be seen as "amorphously late-'30s, early-'40s".[25] A specific year is never mentioned in the film; however, numerous sources including The New York Times and CBS News have dated the film variously at 1940 to the early 1940s.[26][27][28][29]
Soundtrack[edit]
A Christmas Story
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
November 10, 2009
Recorded
1983
Genre
Instrumental, holiday
Label
Rhino Records
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [30]
Release and reception[edit]
Initially overlooked as a sleeper film,[31] A Christmas Story was released a week before Thanksgiving 1983 to moderate success, earning about $2 million in its first weekend.[32] Vincent Canby's mostly negative New York Times review complained that "the movie's big comic pieces tend only to be exceedingly busy. Though Mr. Billingsley, Mr. Gavin, Miss Dillon and the actress who plays Ralphie's school teacher (Tedde Moore) are all very able, they are less funny than actors in a television situation comedy." [33]
Roger Ebert suggested the film had only modest success because holiday-themed films were not popular at the time[34] but he praised the nostalgia of the movie, and the Santa scene, which is the "best visit to Santa I've ever seen".[35]
The film would go on to win two categories in the 5th Genie Awards, for Director Bob Clark and Best Original Screenplay for the work of Leigh Brown, Bob Clark and Jean Shepherd.[36]
By Christmas 1983 the film was no longer playing at most venues, but remained in about a hundred theaters until January 1984.[11] Gross earnings were just over $19.2 million.[32] In the years since, due to television airings and home video release, A Christmas Story has become widely popular and is now an annual Christmas special. The film was produced and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The rights to the film were acquired by Turner Entertainment Co. after Ted Turner's purchase of MGM's pre-1986 film library. Subsequently, Time Warner purchased Turner Entertainment, and currently holds rights to the film.
Over the years, the film's critical reputation has grown considerably and it is considered by some to be one of the best films of 1983.[37] Based on 55 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating from critics of 89%, with an average score of 8.5/10. The site's consensus reads: "Both warmly nostalgic and darkly humorous, A Christmas Story deserves its status as a holiday perennial."[38] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[39] In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare[citation needed] four-star rating, calling the film "Delightful" and "Truly funny for kids and grown-ups alike" with "Wonderful period flavor."[40]
On December 24, 2007, AOL ranked the film their #1 Christmas film of all time.[41] IGN ranked the film the top holiday-themed film of all time.[42] In 2012, a Marist Poll named the film the favorite holiday film in the U.S.[43]
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated[44]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"You'll shoot your eye out." – Nominated[45]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[46]
Broadcasting and home video release[edit]
Television[edit]
The film first aired on television on HBO in 1985, and quickly attracted a growing following. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the film began airing quietly on SuperStation WTBS and Superstation WGN.[47] In 1988, then-fledgling Fox aired the film the night after Thanksgiving.[47] In 1989–1990, TBS showed it Thanksgiving night, while in 1991–1992, they aired it the night after.[47]
24 Hours of A Christmas Story[edit]
Turner Broadcasting has maintained ownership of the broadcast rights, and since the mid-1990s, aired the film increasingly on TBS, TNT, and TCM. By 1995, it was aired on those networks a combined six times on December 24–26,[47] and in 1996, it was aired eight times over those three days.[47]
Due to the increasing popularity of the film, in 1997, TNT began airing a 24-hour marathon dubbed "24 Hours of A Christmas Story," consisting of the film shown twelve consecutive times beginning at 7 or 8 p.m. on Christmas Eve and ending Christmas Day.[47] This was in addition to various other airings earlier in the month of December. In 2004, after TNT switched to a predominantly drama format, sister network TBS, under its comedy-based "Very Funny" moniker, took over the marathon. Clark stated that, in 2002, an estimated 38.4 million people tuned into the marathon at one point or another, nearly one sixth of the country.[11] TBS reported 45.4 million viewers in 2005,[48] and 45.5 million in 2006.[49] In 2007, new all-time ratings records were set,[50] with the highest single showing (8 p.m. Christmas Eve) drawing 4.4 million viewers.[50] Viewership increased again in 2008, with 8 p.m. Christmas Eve drawing 4.5 million viewers, and 10 p.m. drawing 4.3 million,[51] and 54.4 million total.[52] As of 2009, the film had been shown 250 times on the Turner family of networks.[52]
In 2007, the marathon continued, and the original tradition was revived. TNT also aired the film twice the Sunday of Thanksgiving weekend (November 25). In 2009, the 24-hour marathon continued on TBS, for the 13th overall year, starting at 8 p.m. eastern on Christmas Eve.[53]
In 2009, the film aired on TBS during a 24-hour marathon on Christmas Eve. The first viewing at 8 p.m. Eastern on December 24 earned a 1.6 rating (18–49) and beat the major broadcast networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, and Fox).[54] In 2010, the marathon averaged 3 million viewers, up 2% from the previous year, ranking TBS as the top cable network for the 24-hour period. The 10 a.m. airing on December 25 was seen by 4.4 million viewers, and the 8 p.m. airing on December 24 was close behind with 4.3 million viewers.[55] The marathons in 2011[56] and 2012[57] continued to see increases in ratings.
For the 2014 and 2015 editions of the marathon, Turner Broadcasting elected to simulcast it on both TNT and TBS, marking the first time since 2003 that TNT aired it as well as the first time the marathon is being carried by multiple stations; the two networks set their airings one hour apart (so that the TNT airings began while TBS was at the middle of the film).[58][59] Both networks were running 24 hour marathons in 2017, as well.[60]
Subsequent and earlier works[edit]
A sequel involving Ralphie and his family, titled My Summer Story (originally released as It Runs in the Family), was made in 1994. With the exceptions of Tedde Moore as Ralphie's teacher (Miss Shields) and Jean Shepherd as the narrator (the voice of the adult Ralphie), it features an entirely different cast. A series of television films involving the Parker family, also from Shepherd stories, were made by PBS, including Ollie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss (1988), The Star-Crossed Romance of Josephine Cosnowski (1985), The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters (1982), and The Phantom of the Open Hearth (1976).
A Christmas Story 2 is another sequel which ignores the references and events of My Summer Story and was released direct-to-video in 2012[61] and directed by Brian Levant. It was filmed in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.[62]
Stage adaptations[edit]
In 2000, a stage play adaptation of A Christmas Story was written by Philip Grecian.[63]
In November 2012, A Christmas Story: The Musical, based on the film, opened on Broadway. Written by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (music and lyrics) and Joseph Robinette (book), the musical opened to positive reviews.[64] The run ended December 30, 2012.[65] The musical was directed by John Rando with choreography by Warren Carlyle and featured Dan Lauria as Jean Shepherd.[66] The musical received Tony Award nominations for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical (Robinette), and Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre.[67]
The musical was then adapted for television as the three hour A Christmas Story Live!, which aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 17, 2017.[68] Reviews were mixed; on Rotten Tomatoes, the production received a 46% rating based on 13 critics' reviews and a very low 14% based on 44 audience reviews.[69]
Home video releases[edit]
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Betamax (1984,1988)
VHS (1984, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2000)
LaserDisc (1985): pan and scan
LaserDisc (1993): deluxe letterbox edition
DVD (1997, reissued by Warner Home Video in 1999): fullscreen, includes original theatrical trailer
DVD (2003) 20th Anniversary 2-Disc Special Edition DVD (2003): Widescreen & Fullscreen; includes cast interviews, audio commentary, and featurettes.
HD DVD (2006)[70]
Blu-ray (2006)[71]
DVD (2008) Ultimate Collector's Edition: Metal tin case features the same 2003 two-disc special edition, but includes special memorabilia.[72]
Blu-ray (2008) Ultimate Collector's Edition: Metal tin which features the same 2006 Blu-ray disc, but also includes a strand of Leg Lamp Christmas lights.[73]
Blu-ray (2013) 30th Anniversary Edition: Steelbook with Blu-ray in 1080p (like the previous Blu-ray and HD-DVD) with a DTS-HD Master Audio mono track (whereas the previous releases had Dolby Digital mono), and more special features than the previous Blu-ray and HD-DVD.
See also[edit]
Film portal
Christmas portal
1980s portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-ca-st-1224-tvhighlights-20171224-story.html
Jump up ^ Doty, Meriah (August 13, 2012). "'A Christmas Story 2' goes straight to DVD". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Beck, Marilyn; Smith, Stacy Jenel (January 17, 2012). "'A Christmas Story' Sequel in Pre-production". Beck/Smith Hollywood. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Grecian, Philip (2000-08-01). A Christmas Story: A Play in Two Acts. ISBN 9781583420317.
Jump up ^ Isherwood, Charles (November 19, 2012). "Dreams of a Big Haul From Santa Claus: 'A Christmas Story, the Musical,' at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
Jump up ^ 'A Christmas Story, The Musical' Listing playbillvault.com
Jump up ^ 'A Christmas Story The Musical' Listing ibdb.com, accessed April 30, 2013
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Nominations Announced for 67th Annual Tony Awards; 'Kinky Boots' Earns 13 Nominations" Archived October 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. playbill.com, April 30, 2013
Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2017/12/tv-review-a-christmas-story-live-1202228883/
Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_christmas_story_live/
Jump up ^ "A Christmas Story – HD DVD Review". High-Def Digest. December 5, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ High-Def Digest Staff (December 5, 2006). "A Christmas Story – Blu-ray Review". High-Def Digest. Archived from the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ Spurlin, Thomas (November 4, 2008). "A Christmas Story (Ultimate Collector's Edition) – DVD Review". DVDTalk.com. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "A Christmas Story (Ultimate Collector's Edition) – Blu-ray Review". High-Def Digest. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
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"The Man Who Told A Christmas Story: What I learned from Jean Shepherd" by Donald Fagen – Slate
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A Christmas Story
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A Christmas Story: The Musical
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Linda Cardellini
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Linda Cardellini
Cardellini at the 2011 Deauville American Film Festival
Born
Linda Edna Cardellini
(1975-06-25) June 25, 1975 (age 42)
Redwood City, California, United States
Education
Loyola Marymount University
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1994–present
Partner(s)
Steven Rodriguez (2009–present; engaged since 2013)
Children
1
Linda Edna Cardellini (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Weir on Freaks and Geeks, Samantha Taggart on ER, Velma Dinkley in the live-action Scooby-Doo feature films, Sylvia Rosen, a neighbor of Don Draper's on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Meg Rayburn on the Netflix original series Bloodline, Cassie in Brokeback Mountain, and Laura Barton in Avengers: Age of Ultron. She is also known for voicing roles in animated projects such as CJ in Regular Show, Marcy "Hot Dog Water" Fleach in Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Wendy Corduroy in Gravity Falls, and Megan in Sanjay and Craig.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Music videos
4.4 Video games
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Cardellini was born in Redwood City, California, the daughter of Lorraine (née Hernan), a homemaker, and Wayne David Cardellini, a businessman.[1] She is the youngest of four children.[1] Cardellini was raised Catholic.[2] She made her first public appearance at age 10, when she sang in a school play. Subsequently, she acted in several school productions and started attending drama lessons.[3] She graduated from nearby Mountain View's Catholic St. Francis High School in 1993,[4] then moved to Los Angeles to seek roles in television and film.[3] Cardellini was a contestant in a 1994 episode of The Price Is Right, winning a fireplace.[5]
Career[edit]
Cardellini received her first big break role in 1996 when she landed a starring role as Sarah on ABC's Saturday morning live-action children's series, Bone Chillers. Following this, she made guest appearances on prime-time programs such as Step by Step, Clueless, 3rd Rock from the Sun, and Boy Meets World as Lauren, a girl that came between the show's star couple. Cardellini co-starred in the AMC mini-series The Lot in 1999,[3] and spent the summer in Europe as part of a touring production of Lancelot, a fourteenth-century Dutch tragedy.[4]
Cardellini as part of "Dr. God", 2010
Cardellini had her first major success when she landed one of the starring roles in the NBC series Freaks and Geeks, which debuted during the 1999–2000 season. As Lindsay Weir, an honor student in the midst of an identity crisis, Cardellini earned positive response that subsequently catapulted her to fame. Cardellini starred in the live-action adaptation of Scooby-Doo in 2002, in which she played the cartoon character Velma Dinkley. She later reprised the role of Velma in 2004's Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed. She joined the cast of the hospital drama ER in 2003 as Samantha Taggart, a free-spirited nurse. Cardellini acted for six seasons on ER, until the series finale, "And in the End...", and with the cast won the TV Land ensemble Icon Award in 2009.[6]
Her other film work includes roles in Dead Man on Campus, Strangeland, Good Burger, Legally Blonde, Brokeback Mountain (for which she was nominated for the ensemble Gotham[7] and Screen Actors Guild awards),[8] and a starring role in the Happy Madison film Grandma's Boy as Samantha. She was the voice of Ursula in the role-playing video game, Gladius, and played the voice of Bliss Goode on the ABC animated series The Goode Family. In 2007, Cardellini was chosen to play lovelorn Clara in the CBS miniseries Comanche Moon, a prequel to 1989's Lonesome Dove.[9]
In 2010 and 2011, Cardellini returned to the stage with the Dr. God comedy group in Los Angeles and San Francisco,[10][11] appeared in Kill the Irishman and Super, and starred in the independent film Return. She appeared with cast members and producers of Freaks and Geeks and Undeclared at the Paley Center for Media PaleyFest on March 12, 2011.[12][13] From June 15, 2012 to February 15, 2016, she has been the voice of Wendy on the Disney Channel show Gravity Falls.
Cardellini voice acts periodically on the podcast and live show The Thrilling Adventure Hour, on the Sparks Nevada: Marshal on Mars segments.[14][15] In 2013, she was chosen to play Sylvia Rosen, a love interest of Don Draper on Mad Men. For her performance on Mad Men, she received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. Starting in 2015, she joined Kyle Chandler on a new Netflix series Bloodline from the creators of Damages.[16] The show was cancelled in 2016, and ended after its third season.[17]
Personal life[edit]
Cardellini attended Loyola Marymount University's[18] College of Communication and Fine Arts, graduating in 2000 with a degree in theatre arts. In 2007, she was recognized as a "Distinguished Alumnus" by the university.[19] She dated her Freaks and Geeks co-star Jason Segel for five years following the show's cancellation.[20] In October 2011, Cardellini and her boyfriend Steven Rodriguez announced her pregnancy.[21] Cardellini gave birth to their daughter Lilah-Rose in February 2012.[22] Cardellini and Rodriguez became engaged in June 2013.[23]
Filmography[edit]
Cardellini at the 2011 PaleyFest
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1997 Good Burger Heather
1998 Dead Man on Campus Kelly
Strangeland Genevieve Gage
1999 Prince and the Surfer, TheThe Prince and the Surfer Melissa
2001 Legally Blonde Chutney Wyndham
Unsaid, TheThe Unsaid Shelly Hunter
2002 Scooby-Doo Velma Dinkley
Certainly Not a Fairytale[24] Adelle/Writer Short film
2004 Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed Velma Dinkley
Jiminy Glick in Lalawood Natalie Coolidge
LolliLove Linda
2005 Brokeback Mountain Cassie Cartwright
American Gun Mary Ann Wilk
2006 Grandma's Boy Samantha
2008 Lazarus Project, TheThe Lazarus Project Julie Ingram
2010 Gleeclipse Coach Short film
2011 Kill the Irishman Joan Madigan
Super Pet Store Employee
All-Star Superman Nasthalthia (voice) Direct-to-DVD
Return Kelli
2014 Welcome to Me Gina
2015 Avengers: Age of Ultron Laura Barton
Daddy's Home Sara Whitaker
2016 The Founder Joan Smith
2017 Austin Found Leanne Wilson
Daddy's Home 2 Sara Whitaker
2018 A Simple Favor Post-production
Hunter Killer Jane Norquist Post-production
The Children Post-production
TBA Green Book Dolores Post-production
Fonzo Mae Capone Filming
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Bone Chillers Sarah 8 episodes
1997 3rd Rock from the Sun Lorna Episode: "Dickmalion"
1997 Pacific Palisades Sara 2 episodes
1997 Clueless Oddrey Episode: "Chick Fight Tonight"
1997 Step by Step Cassie Evans Episode: "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun"
1998 Promised Land Amber Episode: "Chasin' the Blues"
1998 Kenan & Kel Becky Episode: "Chicago Witch Trials"
1998–1999 Guys Like Us Jude 6 episodes
1998–1999 Boy Meets World Lauren 4 episodes
1999 Dying to Live Leslie Dugger Television film
1999 The Lot June Parker 4 episodes
1999–2000 Freaks and Geeks Lindsay Weir 18 episodes
2003 The Twilight Zone Ali Warner Episode: "The Path"
2003–2009 ER Samantha Taggart 125 episodes
2005–2018 Robot Chicken Velma Dinkley / various voices 4 episodes
2007 Human Giant Melody Richards Episode: "Mind Explosion"
2008 Comanche Moon Clara Forsythe 3 episodes
2009 Cupid Masseuse Uncredited[citation needed]
Episode: "My Fair Masseuse"
2009 The Goode Family Bliss Goode (voice) 13 episodes
2011 Person of Interest Dr. Megan Tillman Episode: "Cura Te Ipsum"
2011–2013 Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated Marcy 'Hot Dog Water' Fleach (voice) 8 episodes
2012–2015 Regular Show CJ (voice) 24 episodes
2012–2016 Gravity Falls Wendy Corduroy (voice) 31 episodes
2013 Out There Sharla Lemoyne (voice) 5 episodes
2013–2015 Mad Men Sylvia Rosen 9 episodes
2013–2016 Sanjay and Craig Megan Sparkles (voice) 40 episodes
2014 New Girl Abby Day 3 episodes
2015–2017 Bloodline Meg Rayburn 33 episodes
Music videos[edit]
Year
Title
Artist
2002 "Land of a Million Drums" Outkast
2008 "Sing Along" Virginia Coalition
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Voice role
2003 Gladius Ursula
2004 Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed Velma Dinkley
2012 Lollipop Chainsaw Cordelia Starling
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
2005 Gotham Awards Best Ensemble Cast[citation needed] Brokeback Mountain Nominated
2006 Screen Actors Guild Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Brokeback Mountain Nominated
2009 TV Land Awards Icon ER Won
2013 Independent Spirit Awards Best Female Lead Return Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series Mad Men Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Knockout Nerd – Scooby-Doo, Linda Cardellini". People. July 1, 2002. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Watkins, Gwynne (June 12, 2013). "The Mad Men GQ+A: Linda Cardellini on Sylvia Rosen's Extramarital Bombshell: The Q". GQ. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Petrozzello, Donna (August 19, 1999). "Young Actress Takes Shine To Playing A Movie Starlet". New York Daily News.
^ Jump up to: a b Linda Cardellini. AskMen.com.
Jump up ^ "Linda Cardellini Made Her First Television Appearance As A Contestant On 'The Price Is Right' (VIDEO)".
Jump up ^ MacIntyre, April (April 9, 2009). "TV Land Awards gives Icon award to 'ER'". Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gotham Awards Nominations Announced Archived September 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. FilmMakerMagazine.com, October 25, 2005.
Jump up ^ "12th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards and Nominees". Screen Actors Guild. 2006.
Jump up ^ Stransky, Tanner (August 17, 2007). "Where are the 'Freaks and Geeks' now?". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ "Angels & Prophets: Linda Cardellini". drgodcomedy.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Performers 2011 Line Up : Linda Cardellini". SFSketchFest.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Freaks and Geeks / Undeclared Reunion". PaleyCenter.org. March 12, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Freaks and Geeks Still Rocks". IGN. March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "About the Show and the Segments Within – Sparks Nevada, Marshal on Mars". The Thrilling Adventure Hour. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Campos, Nicole (June 8, 2010). "Martians and Superheroes and Nazis, Oh My!: 'Adventure Hour' Thrills Sell-Out Largo Crowd". Public Spectacle art blog (We Recommend). LA Weekly. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Norbert Leo Butz Joins Netflix's Drama Series From 'Damages' Creators Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler & Daniel Zelman". TVWise. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
Jump up ^ Prudom, Laura. "'Bloodline' Ending After Season 3 on Netflix". Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LA Leaders, LMU Distinguished Alumni Reception 2007" Archived January 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Loyola Marymount University. February 22, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Distinguished Alumni Awardees 1970–present" Archived January 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Loyola Marymount University. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "This breakup really broke up Jason Segel". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Linda Cardellini Expecting First Child – Moms & Babies – Moms & Babies - People.com". Celebritybabies.people.com. June 22, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Linda Cardellini Welcomes Daughter Lilah-Rose". People. March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
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Poker probability
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In poker, the probability of each type of 5-card hand can be computed by calculating the proportion of hands of that type among all possible hands.
Contents
1 History
2 Frequency of 5-card poker hands
3 Frequency of 7-card poker hands
4 Frequency of 5-card lowball poker hands
5 Frequency of 7-card lowball poker hands
6 Bluffing
7 See also
8 Notes
9 External links
History[edit]
Probability and gambling have been an idea since long before the invention of poker. The development of probability theory in the late 1400s was attributed to gambling; when playing a game with high stakes, players wanted to know what the chance of winning would be. In 1494, Fra Luca Paccioli released his work Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni e proportionalita which was the first written text on probability. Motivated by Paccioli’s work, Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576) made further developments in probability theory. His work from 1550, titled Liber de Ludo Aleae, discussed the concepts of probability and how they were directly related to gambling. However, his work did not receive any immediate recognition since it was not published until after his death. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) also contributed to probability theory. His friend, Chevalier de Méré, was an avid gambler with the goal to become wealthy from it. De Méré tried a new mathematical approach to a gambling game but did not get the desired results. Determined to know why his strategy was unsuccessful, he consulted with Pascal. Pascal’s work on this problem began an important correspondence between him and fellow mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665). Communicating through letters, the two continued to exchange their ideas and thoughts. These interactions led to the conception of basic probability theory. To this day, many gamblers still rely on the basic concepts of probability theory in order to make informed decisions while gambling.[1] [2]
Frequency of 5-card poker hands[edit]
A Venn diagram depicting poker hands and their odds from a typical American 9/6 Jacks or Better machine
The following chart enumerates the (absolute) frequency of each hand, given all combinations of 5 cards randomly drawn from a full deck of 52 without replacement. Wild cards are not considered. In this chart:
Distinct hands is the number of different ways to draw the hand, not counting different suits.
Frequency is the number of ways to draw the hand, including the same card values in different suits.
The Probability of drawing a given hand is calculated by dividing the number of ways of drawing the hand (Frequency) by the total number of 5-card hands (the sample space; ( 52 5 ) = 2 , 598 , 960 {\displaystyle \,{\begin{matrix}{52 \choose 5}=2,598,960\end{matrix}}} ). For example, there are 4 different ways to draw a royal flush (one for each suit), so the probability is 4/2,598,960, or one in 649,740. One would then expect to draw this hand about once in every 649,740 draws, that's nearly 0.000154% of the time.
Cumulative probability refers to the probability of drawing a hand as good as or better than the specified one. For example, the probability of drawing three of a kind is approximately 2.11%, while the probability of drawing a hand at least as good as three of a kind is about 2.87%. The cumulative probability is determined by adding one hand's probability with the probabilities of all hands above it.
The Odds are defined as the ratio of the number of ways not to draw the hand, to the number of ways to draw it. For instance, with a royal flush, there are 4 ways to draw one, and 2,598,956 ways to draw something else (2,598,960 - 4), so the odds against drawing a royal flush are 2,598,956 : 4, or 649,739 : 1. The formula for establishing the odds can also be stated as (1/p) - 1 : 1, where p is the aforementioned probability.
The values given for Probability, Cumulative probability, and Odds are rounded off for simplicity; the Distinct hands and Frequency values are exact.
The nCr function on most scientific calculators can be used to calculate hand frequencies; entering nCr with 52 and 5, for example, yields ( 52 5 ) = 2 , 598 , 960 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{52 \choose 5}=2,598,960\end{matrix}}} as above.
Hand
Distinct hands
Frequency
Probability
Cumulative probability
Odds
Mathematical expression of absolute frequency
Royal flush
1 4 0.000154% 0.000154% 649,739 : 1 ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {4 \choose 1}}
Straight flush (excluding royal flush)
9 36 0.00139% 0.0015% 72,192 : 1 ( 10 1 ) ( 4 1 ) − ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {10 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}-{4 \choose 1}}
Four of a kind
156 624 0.0240% 0.0256% 4,164 : 1 ( 13 1 ) ( 12 1 ) ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {13 \choose 1}{12 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}}
Full house
156 3,744 0.1441% 0.17% 693 : 1 ( 13 1 ) ( 4 3 ) ( 12 1 ) ( 4 2 ) {\displaystyle {13 \choose 1}{4 \choose 3}{12 \choose 1}{4 \choose 2}}
Flush (excluding royal flush and straight flush)
1,277 5,108 0.1965% 0.367% 508 : 1 ( 13 5 ) ( 4 1 ) − ( 10 1 ) ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {13 \choose 5}{4 \choose 1}-{10 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}}
Straight (excluding royal flush and straight flush)
10 10,200 0.3925% 0.76% 254 : 1 ( 10 1 ) ( 4 1 ) 5 − ( 10 1 ) ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {10 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}^{5}-{10 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}}
Three of a kind
858 54,912 2.1128% 2.87% 46.3 : 1 ( 13 1 ) ( 4 3 ) ( 12 2 ) ( 4 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle {13 \choose 1}{4 \choose 3}{12 \choose 2}{4 \choose 1}^{2}}
Two pair
858 123,552 4.7539% 7.62% 20.0 : 1 ( 13 2 ) ( 4 2 ) 2 ( 11 1 ) ( 4 1 ) {\displaystyle {13 \choose 2}{4 \choose 2}^{2}{11 \choose 1}{4 \choose 1}}
One pair
2,860 1,098,240 42.2569% 49.9% 1.37 : 1 ( 13 1 ) ( 4 2 ) ( 12 3 ) ( 4 1 ) 3 {\displaystyle {13 \choose 1}{4 \choose 2}{12 \choose 3}{4 \choose 1}^{3}}
No pair / High card
1,277 1,302,540 50.1177% 100% 0.995 : 1 [ ( 13 5 ) − 10 ] [ ( 4 1 ) 5 − 4 ] {\displaystyle \left[{13 \choose 5}-10\right]\left[{4 \choose 1}^{5}-4\right]}
Total
7,462
2,598,960
100%
---
0 : 1
( 52 5 ) {\displaystyle {52 \choose 5}}
The royal flush is a case of the straight flush. It can be formed 4 ways (one for each suit), giving it a probability of 0.000154% and odds of 649,739 : 1.
When ace-low straights and ace-low straight flushes are not counted, the probabilities of each are reduced: straights and straight flushes each become 9/10 as common as they otherwise would be. The 4 missed straight flushes become flushes and the 1,020 missed straights become no pair.
Note that since suits have no relative value in poker, two hands can be considered identical if one hand can be transformed into the other by swapping suits. For example, the hand 3♣ 7♣ 8♣ Q♠ A♠ is identical to 3♦ 7♦ 8♦ Q♥ A♥ because replacing all of the clubs in the first hand with diamonds and all of the spades with hearts produces the second hand. So eliminating identical hands that ignore relative suit values, there are only 134,459 distinct hands.
The number of distinct poker hands is even smaller. For example, 3♣ 7♣ 8♣ Q♠ A♠ and 3♦ 7♣ 8♦ Q♥ A♥ are not identical hands when just ignoring suit assignments because one hand has three suits, while the other hand has only two—that difference could affect the relative value of each hand when there are more cards to come. However, even though the hands are not identical from that perspective, they still form equivalent poker hands because each hand is an A-Q-8-7-3 high card hand. There are 7,462 distinct poker hands.
Frequency of 7-card poker hands[edit]
In some popular variations of poker such as Texas Hold 'Em, a player uses the best five-card poker hand out of seven cards. The frequencies are calculated in a manner similar to that shown for 5-card hands, except additional complications arise due to the extra two cards in the 7-card poker hand. The total number of distinct 7-card hands is ( 52 7 ) = 133 , 784 , 560 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{52 \choose 7}=133,784,560\end{matrix}}} . It is notable that the probability of a no-pair hand is less than the probability of a one-pair or two-pair hand.
The Ace-high straight flush or royal flush is slightly more frequent (4324) than the lower straight flushes (4140 each) because the remaining two cards can have any value; a King-high straight flush, for example, cannot have the Ace of its suit in the hand (as that would make it ace-high instead).
Hand
Frequency
Probability
Cumulative
Odds
Royal flush 4,324 0.0032% 0.0032% 30,939 : 1
Straight flush (excl. royal flush) 37,260 0.0279% 0.0311% 3,589.6 : 1
Four of a kind 224,848 0.168% 0.199% 594 : 1
Full house 3,473,184 2.60% 2.80% 37.5 : 1
Flush 4,047,644 3.03% 5.82% 32.1 : 1
Straight 6,180,020 4.62% 10.4% 20.6 : 1
Three of a kind 6,461,620 4.83% 15.3% 19.7 : 1
Two pair 31,433,400 23.5% 38.8% 3.26 : 1
One pair 58,627,800 43.8% 82.6% 1.28 : 1
No pair 23,294,460 17.4% 100% 4.74 : 1
Total 133,784,560 100% 100% 0 : 1
(The frequencies given are exact; the probabilities and odds are approximate.)
Since suits have no relative value in poker, two hands can be considered identical if one hand can be transformed into the other by swapping suits. Eliminating identical hands that ignore relative suit values leaves 6,009,159 distinct 7-card hands.
The number of distinct 5-card poker hands that are possible from 7 cards is 4,824. Perhaps surprisingly, this is fewer than the number of 5-card poker hands from 5 cards because some 5-card hands are impossible with 7 cards (e.g. 7-high).
Frequency of 5-card lowball poker hands[edit]
See also: Lowball (poker)
Some variants of poker, called lowball, use a low hand to determine the winning hand. In most variants of lowball, the ace is counted as the lowest card and straights and flushes don't count against a low hand, so the lowest hand is the five-high hand A-2-3-4-5, also called a wheel. The probability is calculated based on ( 52 5 ) = 2 , 598 , 960 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{52 \choose 5}=2,598,960\end{matrix}}} , the total number of 5-card combinations. (The frequencies given are exact; the probabilities and odds are approximate.)
Hand
Distinct hands
Frequency
Probability
Cumulative
Odds
5-high 1 1,024 0.0394% 0.0394% 2,537.05 : 1
6-high 5 5,120 0.197% 0.236% 506.61 : 1
7-high 15 15,360 0.591% 0.827% 168.20 : 1
8-high 35 35,840 1.38% 2.21% 71.52 : 1
9-high 70 71,680 2.76% 4.96% 35.26 : 1
10-high 126 129,024 4.96% 9.93% 19.14 : 1
Jack-high 210 215,040 8.27% 18.2% 11.09 : 1
Queen-high 330 337,920 13.0% 31.2% 6.69 : 1
King-high 495 506,880 19.5% 50.7% 4.13 : 1
Total 1,287 1,317,888 50.7% 50.7% 0.97 : 1
As can be seen from the table, just over half the time a player gets a hand that has no pairs, three- or four-of-a-kinds. (50.7%)
If aces are not low, simply rotate the hand descriptions so that 6-high replaces 5-high for the best hand and ace-high replaces king-high as the worst hand.
Frequency of 7-card lowball poker hands[edit]
See also: Lowball (poker)
In some variants of poker a player uses the best five-card low hand selected from seven cards. In most variants of lowball, the ace is counted as the lowest card and straights and flushes don't count against a low hand, so the lowest hand is the five-high hand A-2-3-4-5, also called a wheel. The probability is calculated based on ( 52 7 ) = 133 , 784 , 560 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{52 \choose 7}=133,784,560\end{matrix}}} , the total number of 7-card combinations.
The table does not extend to include five-card hands with at least one pair. Its "Total" represents 95.4% of the time that a player can select a 5-card low hand without any pair.
Hand
Frequency
Probability
Cumulative
Odds
5-high 781,824 0.584% 0.584% 170.12 : 1
6-high 3,151,360 2.36% 2.94% 41.45 : 1
7-high 7,426,560 5.55% 8.49% 17.01 : 1
8-high 13,171,200 9.85% 18.3% 9.16 : 1
9-high 19,174,400 14.3% 32.7% 5.98 : 1
10-high 23,675,904 17.7% 50.4% 4.65 : 1
Jack-high 24,837,120 18.6% 68.9% 4.39 : 1
Queen-high 21,457,920 16.0% 85.0% 5.23 : 1
King-high 13,939,200 10.4% 95.4% 8.60 : 1
Total 127,615,488 95.4% 95.4% 0.05 : 1
(The frequencies given are exact; the probabilities and odds are approximate.)
If aces are not low, simply rotate the hand descriptions so that 6-high replaces 5-high for the best hand and ace-high replaces king-high as the worst hand.
Bluffing[edit]
Bluffing frequency can affect the probability of an opponent calling a bet or folding. A player can bluff at an § Optimal bluffing frequency to try to eliminate any advantage to their opponent.
See also[edit]
Sports and games portal
Probability
Odds
Sample space
Event (probability theory)
Binomial coefficient
Combination
Permutation
Combinatorial game theory
Game complexity
Set theory
Gaming mathematics
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Probability Theory". Science Clarified. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brief History of Probability". teacher link. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
External links[edit]
Brian Alspach's mathematics and poker page
MathWorld: Poker
Poker probabilities including conditional calculations
Numerous poker probability tables
5, 6, and 7 card poker probabilities
Poker Odds for Dummies
The 7,462 and 4,824 equivalence classes
Preflop, After Flop and Chance of Making Hand Odds
Odds and Outs probability table
Poker probability calculator 5, 6 and 7 cards
Visual odds calculator
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http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Poker.html

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http://www.suffe.cool/poker/table1.html

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http://www.durangobill.com/Poker.html

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http://www.suffe.cool/poker/7462.html

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http://www.pokerprobability.net

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