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Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Kuttikanam
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Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering and Technology
Logo
Motto
My Lord and My God
Established
2001
Affiliation
Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
President
Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II
Principal
Dr.Pradeep C
Director
Rev. Fr.John.C.Chirathilaattu
Location
Peermade, Kerala, India
9°34′57″N 76°58′16″E / 9.58250°N 76.97111°E / 9.58250; 76.97111Coordinates: 9°34′57″N 76°58′16″E / 9.58250°N 76.97111°E / 9.58250; 76.97111
Campus
77 acres (310,000 m2)
Affiliations
Kerala Technological University, Mahatma Gandhi University, AICTE
Website
www.mbcpeermade.com
Mar Baselios Christian College of Engineering & Technology, Kuttikkanam, Peermade, is a self-financing institution for professional Education, affiliated to Kerala Technological University & Mahatma Gandhi University and approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi. The College is owned and managed by the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, which plays a paternal role in the institution’s establishment and operations. The institution focuses on offering baccalaureate degree programs in various Engineering streams
[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Administration and staff
2 Programmes
3 Infrastructure
4 Groups
5 References
6 External links
Administration and staff[edit]
The chairman of the college is Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II, the Catholicos of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Kerala, India.
Dr.Pradeep C, Principal.
Elias Janson, Head of the Electronics and Telecommunications Department,
Prof.Annie Chacko, Head of the Computer Science and Engineering Department,
Prof. Robins Anto, Head of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department,
Dr. Nivin philip, Head of the Civil Engineering Department,
Dr. Roja, Head of the Mechanical Engineering Department.
Mr. Lowel Hench, Placement Officer.
Programmes[edit]
Under
Post Graduate
Communication Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Infrastructure[edit]
MBC is a fully residential engineering college with four hostels for men and women. There are residential quarters for the Principal, married and bachelor faculty members.
MBC College
Groups[edit]
The college has a Linux Users Group (MBC-LUG) meeting in a computer center with 60 machines.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.mbcpeermade.com
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
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Flag of Spanish conquistadors with crown of Castile on a red flag, used by Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro and others
The Colonial expansion under the crown of Castile was initiated by the Spanish conquistadores and developed by its administrators and missionaries. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus and continuing for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America (including present day Mexico, Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal regions of the United States). It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950).
In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the emancipation of most Spanish colonies in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were finally given up in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, together with Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific. Spain's loss of these last territories politically ended the Spanish rule in the Americas.
Contents
[hide]
1 Conquests
1.1 West Indies
1.2 Mexico
1.3 Peru
1.4 Río de la Plata and Paraguay
1.5 New Granada
2 Governing
2.1 Dominions
2.1.1 North
2.1.2 South
3 19th century
3.1 Demographic impact
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
6.1 Historiography
7 External links
Conquests[edit]
Iberian territory of Crown of Castile. .
Overseas north territory of Crown of Castile (New Spain and Philippines)
Overseas south territory of Crown of Castile (Perú, New Granada and Río de la Plata)
The Catholic Monarchs Isabella of Castile, Queen of Castile and her husband King Ferdinand, King of Aragon, pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created a single Spanish monarchy. Even though Castile and Aragon were ruled jointly by their respective monarchs, they remained separate kingdoms. The Catholic Monarchs gave official approval for the plans of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus for a voyage to reach India by sailing West. The funding came from the queen of Castile, so the profits from Spanish expedition flowed to Castile. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy.[1]
West Indies[edit]
Columbus made four voyages to the West Indies as the monarchs granted Columbus the governorship of the new territories, and financed more of his trans-Atlantic journeys. He founded La Navidad on the island later named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), in what is present day Haiti on his first voyage. After its destruction by the indigenous Taino people, the town of Isabella was begun in 1493, on his second voyage. In 1496 his brother, Bartholomew, founded Santo Domingo. By 1500, despite a high death rate, there were between 300 and 1000 Spanish settled in the area. The local Taíno people continued to resist, refusing to plant crops and abandoning their Spanish-occupied villages. The first mainland explorations were followed by a phase of inland expeditions and conquest. In 1500 the city of Nueva Cádiz was founded on the island of Cubagua, Venezuela, and it was followed by the founding by Alonso de Ojeda of Santa Cruz in present-day Guajira peninsula. Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas,[2] in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastian de Uraba in 1509 but abandoned it within the year. There is indirect evidence that the first permanent Spanish mainland settlement established in the Americas was Santa María la Antigua del Darién.[3]
Mexico[edit]
Main article: Spanish conquest of Mexico
For more details on this topic, see Spanish conquest of Yucatán and Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
Spanish Conquest of Mexico, meeting of Cortés and Moctezuma II
Map depicting Cortes' invasion route
The Spanish conquest of Mexico is generally understood to be the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21) which was the base for later conquests of other regions. Later conquests were protracted campaigns with less spectacular results than conquest of the Aztecs. The Spanish conquest of Yucatán, the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the war of Mexico's west, and the Chichimeca War in northern Mexico expanded Spanish control over territory and indigenous populations.[4][5][6] But not until the Spanish conquest of Peru was the conquest of the Aztecs matched in scope by the victory over the Inca empire in 1532.
The Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire was led by Hernán Cortés. The victory over the Aztecs was relatively quick, from 1519 to 1521, and aided by his Tlaxcala and other allies from indigenous city-states or altepetl. These polities allied against the Aztec empire, to which they paid tribute following conquest or threat of conquest, leaving the city-states' political hierarchy and social structure in place.
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was a much longer campaign, from 1551 to 1697, against the Maya peoples in the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico and northern Central America. When Hernán Cortés landed ashore at present day Veracruz and founded the Spanish city there on April 22, 1519, marks the beginning of 300 years of Spanish hegemony over the region. The assertion of royal control over the Kingdom of New Spain and the initial Spanish conquerors took over a decade, with importance of the region meriting the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Spain was established by Charles V in 1535 with the appointment of Don Antonio de Mendoza as the first viceroy.
Spain colonized and exerted control of Alta California through the Spanish missions in California until the Mexican secularization act of 1833.
Peru[edit]
Main article: Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Vasco Núñez de Balboa claiming possession of the South Sea (Pacific Ocean)
Map depicting the route of Pizarro from Panama to Cuzco
In 1532 at the Battle of Cajamarca a group of Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro and their indigenous Andean Indian auxiliaries native allies ambushed and captured the Emperor Atahualpa of the Inca Empire. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting to subdue the mightiest empire in the Americas. In the following years Spain extended its rule over the Empire of the Inca civilization.
The Spanish took advantage of a recent civil war between the factions of the two brothers Emperor Atahualpa and Huáscar, and the enmity of indigenous nations the Incas had subjugated, such as the Huancas, Chachapoyas, and Cañaris. In the following years the conquistadors and indigenous allies extended control over Greater Andes Region. The Viceroyalty of Perú was established in 1542. The last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.
Río de la Plata and Paraguay[edit]
European explorers arrived in Río de la Plata in 1516. Their first Spanish settlement in this zone was the Fort of Sancti Spiritu established in 1527 next to the Paraná River. Buenos Aires, a permanent colony, was established in 1536 and in 1537 Asunción was established in the area that is now Paraguay. Buenos Aires suffered attacks by the indigenous peoples that forced the settlers away, and in 1541 the site was abandoned. A second (and permanent) settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay). He dubbed the settlement "Santísima Trinidad" and its port became "Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires." The city came to be the head of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and in 1776 elevated to be the capital of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.
New Granada[edit]
Main article: Spanish conquest of the Muisca
See also: Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations
Between 1537 and 1543, six[citation needed] Spanish expeditions entered highland Colombia, conquered the Muisca Confederation, and set up the New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Nuevo Reino de Granada). Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada was the leading conquistador with his brother Hernán second in command.[7] It was governed by the president of the Audiencia of Bogotá, and comprised an area corresponding mainly to modern-day Colombia and parts of Venezuela. The conquistadors originally organized it as a captaincy general within the Viceroyalty of Peru. The crown established the audiencia in 1549. Ultimately, the kingdom became part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada first in 1717 and permanently in 1739. After several attempts to set up independent states in the 1810s, the kingdom and the viceroyalty ceased to exist altogether in 1819 with the establishment of Gran Colombia.[8]
Governing[edit]
Main articles: Viceroyalty of New Spain, Viceroyalty of Peru, and Intendant § The Spanish Monarchy
Argentine Cabildo council
Spain's administration of its colonies in the Americas was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain 1535 (capital, México City), and the Viceroyalty of Peru 1542 (capital, Lima). In the 18th century the additional Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717 (capital, Bogotá), and Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata 1776 (capital, Buenos Aires) were established from portions of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
This evolved from the Council of the Indies and Viceroyalties into an Intendant system, raise more revenue and promote greater efficiency.
Dominions[edit]
Juan Ponce de León (Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain). He was one of the first Europeans to arrive to the current United States because he led the first European expedition to Florida, which he named.
North[edit]
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
Las Californias
Nuevo Reino de León
Nuevo Santander
Nueva Vizcaya
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Nueva Extremadura
Nueva Galicia
Captaincy General of the Philippines (administered by New Spain from 1565 to 1821, then after Mexican independence transferred to and directly administered by Madrid until 1898)
Captaincy General of Cuba (until 1898) – Included in this captaincy general until 1819 was La Florida, Spain's North American colonies in what is now the southeastern United States.
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico (until 1898)
Santo Domingo (last Spanish rule 1861–1865)
Captaincy General of Guatemala
South[edit]
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Captaincy General of Venezuela
Viceroyalty of Perú (1542–1824)
Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
19th century[edit]
Main article: Spanish American wars of independence
Spanish colonialization in the Americas.
During the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Europe between France and Spain, assemblies called juntas were established to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain. The Libertadores (Spanish and Portuguese for "Liberators") were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence. They were predominantly criollos (Americas-born people of European ancestry, mostly Spanish or Portuguese), bourgeois and influenced by liberalism and in some cases with military training in the mother country.
In 1809 the first declarations of independence from Spanish rule occurred in the Viceroyalty of New Granada. The first two were in present-day Bolivia at Sucre (May 25), and La Paz (July 16); and the third in present-day Ecuador at Quito (August 10). In 1810 Mexico declared independence, with the Mexican War of Independence following for over a decade. In 1821 Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain and concluded the War. The Plan of Iguala was part of the peace treaty to establish a constitutional foundation for an independent Mexico.
These began a movement for colonial independence that spread to Spain's other colonies in the Americas. The ideas from the French and the American Revolution influenced the efforts. All of the colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, attained independence by the 1820s. The British Empire offered support, wanting to end the Spanish monopoly on trade with its colonies in the Americas.
In 1898, the United States achieved victory in the Spanish–American War with Spain, ending the Spanish colonial era. Spanish possession and rule of its remaining colonies in the Americas ended in that year with its sovereignty transferred to the United States. The United States took occupation of Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico continues to be a possession of the United States, now officially continues as a self-governing unincorporated territory.
Demographic impact[edit]
It has been estimated that over 1.86 million Spaniards emigrated to Latin America in the period between 1492 and 1824, with millions more continuing to immigrate following independence.[9]
In Hispaniola, the indigenous Taíno pre-contact population before the arrival of Columbus of several hundred thousand had declined to sixty thousand by 1509. Although population estimates vary, Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas, the "Defender of the Indians" estimated there were 6 million (6,000,000) Taíno and Arawak in the Caribbean at the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492.[citation needed]
The population of the Native Amerindian population in Mexico declined by an estimated 90% (reduced to 1–2.5 million people) by the early 17th century. In Peru the indigenous Amerindian pre-contact population of around 6.5 million declined to 1 million by the early 17th century.[citation needed] The overwhelming cause of decline in both Mexico and Peru was infectious diseases, although the brutality of the Encomienda also played a significant part in the population decline.
Of the history of the indigenous population of California, Sherburne F. Cook (1896–1974) was the most painstakingly careful researcher. From decades of research he made estimates for the pre-contact population and the history of demographic decline during the Spanish and post-Spanish periods. According to Cook, the indigenous Californian population at first contact, in 1769, was about 310,000 and had dropped to 25,000 by 1910. The vast majority of the decline happened after the Spanish period, during the Mexican and US periods of Californian history (1821–1910), with the most dramatic collapse (200,000 to 25,000) occurring in the US period (1846–1910).[10][11][12]
See also[edit]
New Spain portal
Colombia portal
Argentina portal
Ecuador portal
Venezuela portal
Atlantic World
Historiography of Colonial Spanish America
Black Legend
Habsburg Spain
Inter caetera
List of largest empires
New Spain
Old Spanish Trail (trade route)
Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Smallpox Epidemics in the New World
Spanish conquest of Chiapas
Spanish conquest of El Salvador
Spanish conquest of Guatemala
Spanish conquest of Honduras
Spanish conquest of Petén
Spanish conquest of the Maya
Timeline of imperialism#Colonization of North America
Valladolid debate
Viceroyalty of Peru
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ida Altman, S.L. Cline, and Javier Pescador, The Early History of Greater Mexico, Pearson, 2003 pp. 35–36.
Jump up ^ [1] Sucre State Government: Cumaná in History (Spanish)
Jump up ^ Tibesar, A.S. (1957). "The Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross of Espanañola, 1505–1559". The Americas. 13 (4): 377–389. JSTOR 979442. doi:10.2307/979442.
Jump up ^ Robert S. Chamberlain, The Conquest and Colonization of Yucatan. Washington DC: Carnegie Institution.
Jump up ^ Ida Altman, The War for Mexico's West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2010.
Jump up ^ Philip W. Powell, Soldiers, Indians, and Silver: North America's Last Frontier War. Tempe: Center for Latin America Studies, Arizona State University 1975. First published by University of California Press 1952.
Jump up ^ Clements Markham, The Conquest of New Granada (1912) online
Jump up ^ Avellaneda Navas, José Ignacio. The Conquerors of the New Kingdom of Granada (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995) ISBN 978-0-8263-1612-7
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=lvvynCzrJOwC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=emigraci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola+a+las+indias+cifras&source=bl&ots=WIWVcSlOdq&sig=4XmK7Gkv36L6qQ4jItqp7a553dI&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinzqqfsrLPAhWKAsAKHXbSBf0Q6AEINzAE#v=onepage&q=emigraci%C3%B3n%20espa%C3%B1ola%20a%20las%20indias%20cifras&f=false
Jump up ^ Baumhoff, Martin A. 1963. Ecological Determinants of Aboriginal California Populations. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 49:155–236.
Jump up ^ Powers, Stephen. 1875. "California Indian Characteristics". Overland Monthly 14:297–309. on-line
Jump up ^ Cook's judgement on the effects of U.S rule upon the native Californians is harsh: "The first (factor) was the food supply... The second factor was disease. ...A third factor, which strongly intensified the effect of the other two, was the social and physical disruption visited upon the Indian. He was driven from his home by the thousands, starved, beaten, raped, and murdered with impunity. He was not only given no assistance in the struggle against foreign diseases, but was prevented from adopting even the most elementary measures to secure his food, clothing, and shelter. The utter devastation caused by the white man was literally incredible, and not until the population figures are examined does the extent of the havoc become evident."Cook, Sherburne F. 1976b. The Population of the California Indians, 1769–1970. University of California Press, Berkeley|p. 200
Further reading[edit]
Brading, D. A., The First America: the Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
Clark, Larry R. Spanish Attempts to Colonize Southeast North America: 1513–1587 (McFarland & Company, 2010) ISBN 978-0-7864-5909-4
Elliott, J. H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007)
Hanke, Lewis. The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1965).
Haring, Clarence H. The Spanish Empire in America (London: Oxford University Press, 1947)
Kamen, Henry. Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763 (HarperCollins, 2004)
Merriman, Roger Bigelow. The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New (Vol. 1. London: Macmillan, 1918)
Portuondo, María M. Secret Science: Spanish Cosmography and the New World (Chicago: Chicago UP, 2009).
Restall, Matthew and Felipe Fernández-Armesto. The Conquistadors: A Very Short Introduction (2012) excerpt and text search
Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: the rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan (2005)
Weber, David J. The Spanish Frontier in North America (Yale University Press, 1992)
Historiography[edit]
Alejandro Cañeque. "The Political and Institutional History of Colonial Spanish America" History Compass (April 2013) 114 pp 280–291, DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12043
Weber, David J. "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect." Journal of the Southwest (1987): 331–363.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish Exploration and Conquest of North America
Spain in America (Edward Gaylord Bourne, 1904) 'Spain in America'
The Spanish Borderlands (Herbert E. Bolton, 1921) 'The Spanish Borderlands'
Indigenous Puerto Rico DNA evidence upsets established history
The short film Spanish Empire in the New World (1992) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
“The Political Force of Images,” Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America, 1520-1820.
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The Circle (2017 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Circle
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
James Ponsoldt
Produced by
Anthony Bregman
Gary Goetzman
Tom Hanks
James Ponsoldt
Screenplay by
James Ponsoldt
Dave Eggers
Based on
The Circle
by Dave Eggers
Starring
Emma Watson
Tom Hanks
John Boyega
Karen Gillan
Ellar Coltrane
Patton Oswalt
Glenne Headly
Bill Paxton
Music by
Danny Elfman
Cinematography
Matthew Libatique
Edited by
Lisa Lassek
Production
companies
EuropaCorp
Image Nation Abu Dhabi
Playtone
Likely Story
IM Global
Distributed by
STX Entertainment
(United States)
Netflix
(United Kingdom)
Release date
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26) (Tribeca)
April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28) (United States)
Running time
110 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$18 million[2]
Box office
$33.9 million[2]
The Circle is a 2017 American techno-thriller film directed by James Ponsoldt and written by Ponsoldt and Dave Eggers, based on Eggers' 2013 novel of the same name. The film stars Emma Watson, Tom Hanks, John Boyega, Karen Gillan, Ellar Coltrane, Patton Oswalt, Glenne Headly and Bill Paxton. The film features the final performance of Paxton's career, being released just after his February 2017 death. It is also Headly's penultimate performance prior to her death in June of the same year.
The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2017, and was theatrically released on April 28, 2017, by STX Entertainment. Although the film received negative reviews it grossed $33 million worldwide, becoming director Ponsoldt's highest grossing feature.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting and financing
3.2 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
When her car breaks down Mae Holland (Emma Watson) contacts an old acquaintance Mercer (Ellar Coltrane) and says they should get together some time. Her father, Vinnie (Bill Paxton), has multiple sclerosis and needs the help of his wife, Bonnie (Glenne Headly). They approve of Mercer.
Mae is called by her friend Annie Allerton (Karen Gillan) who works at The Circle, a tech company. Mae is interviewed and gets a job in Customer Experience.
At a company meeting, Eamon Bailey (Tom Hanks) introduces SeeChange, which uses small cameras placed anywhere to provide real time video.
Annie takes Mae from a party into an office where Eamon and Stenton work. Mae later sees an employee, away from all of the events, using his phone. He asks if she is new. They talk, then he leaves her a bottle.
At work Mae seems determined to rise in The Circle by embracing social networking. At a company presentation, Tom introduces a political candidate. Tom explains how transparency brings accountability. The man from the party is in the back of the crowd. Once the candidate ceases talking, he leaves.
Mae again sees the man from the party, Ty Lafitte (John Boyega), on his phone. Ty takes her to an abandoned underground area saying that the plan is to keep all information on everyone in this area. Ty does not seem comfortable with this new direction. Mae becomes embarrassed, as Ty is the creator of True You, a very popular Circle product, and she did not know who he was. He tells her that True You has been morphed into something that he did not intend and that he has taken a back seat at The Circle.
Later, Mae is shown a picture of a chandelier made by Mercer in the shape of (or from) deer antlers. She photographs it and shares it on her Circle profile. The image attracts significant negative attention to Mercer, with people accusing him of killing real animals. Mercer confronts Mae about sharing the picture. Despite her insistence that she did not intend to hurt him, Mercer storms off.
Mae goes kayaking at night, nearly drowns, and is rescued by the coastguard. The following day Eamon says that SeeChange cameras caught her breaking into the kayak premises, and in the water. She was saved because of the cameras. Mae admits to having been in their office. Eamon and Tom mention a plan: at the next meeting, Eamon introduces Mae, and they discuss her experience of rescue. She says she is the first circler to go 'completely transparent'. This involves wearing a small camera and exposing her life to the world. Annie is seen in the audience.
Mae is a celebrity at The Circle, but transparency damages her relationships. Mae looks for her parents through SeeChange cameras and accidentally sees them having sex. She quickly turns away from the camera, but the damage is done as everyone following her sees in turn. Her parents distance themselves from Mae.
Mae is invited to a board meeting at which Eamon announces support from all 50 states to allow individuals to vote through Circle accounts. Mae suggests requiring every individual to have a Circle account. Eamon and Tom approve, but the suggestion upsets Annie. At the next company-wide meeting, Mae says that The Circle believes it can find anyone on the planet in under 20 minutes. She identifies an escaped prisoner. Within 10 minutes, Circlers around the world find the prisoner through social media and SeeChange cameras. Mae suggests transparency can be a force for good.
Mae says that the program can find anyone. Someone suggests Mercer. Tom persuades Mae to continue, asking if they can break their record of 10 minutes. Mercer is located in a cabin. Disturbed, and wanting privacy, he drives off trying to escape those tracking him but, under stress, he drives off a bridge to his death. Mae is horrified. She moves back in with her parents. She calls Annie, who has also left The Circle, to her apparent benefit. Mae, however, finds that connection with others helps her cope with Mercer's death.
Mae returns to the Circle, despite her parents' pleas. Mae calls Ty and asks for a favor, and Ty tells her something that he has discovered. At the next company-wide meeting, Mae says how connection has helped her recover. She speaks with Eamon and invites Tom onstage, then inviting both Eamon and Tom to go fully transparent. She explains how Ty has found all their accounts, even the accounts that their wives were unaware of, and exposes them as no one should be exempt. Eamon and Tom, clearly upset, try to save face before Tom leaves the stage.
Mae reiterates her point of transparency being good, with the support of the audience. Mae goes kayaking again, embracing and unbothered by the drones that surround her.
Cast[edit]
Emma Watson as Mae Holland, the newest young member of The Circle.[3]
Tom Hanks as Eamon Bailey, the head and co-founder of The Circle.
John Boyega as Ty Lafitte/Kalden,[4] a member of The Circle and one of Mae's co-workers.
Karen Gillan as Annie Allerton,[5] Mae's best friend and a high-ranking member of The Circle.
Ellar Coltrane as Mercer, Mae's childhood friend.
Patton Oswalt as Tom Stenton,[6] a co-founder of The Circle.
Bill Paxton as Vinnie Holland, Mae's father.[7]
Glenne Headly as Bonnie Holland, Mae's mother.
Poorna Jagannathan as Dr. Jessica Villalobos
Nate Corddry as Dan
Jimmy Wong as Mitch
Ellen Wong as Renata
Judy Reyes as Congresswoman Santos
Andrea Brooks as Sky
Production[edit]
Casting and financing[edit]
On December 15, 2014, Deadline reported that Tom Hanks would star in a film adaptation of Dave Eggers' 2013 novel The Circle, with James Ponsoldt writing and directing.[8] In January 2015, THR confirmed that Anthony Bregman would produce the film through his banner, Likely Story, along with Ponsoldt, Hanks, and Gary Goetzman.[8][9] On May 11, 2015, it was announced that Image Nation Abu Dhabi would fully finance the film, together with Walter Parkes and Laurie MacDonald, while IM Global would handle international sales.[10] IM GLOBAL later sold the rights to various distributors.[11] On May 23, 2015, Deadline revealed that producers had offered Emma Watson the female lead role in the film. In June 2015, director Ponsoldt confirmed that Watson was not officially on board, but that she is one possibility to star in the film. On June 24, 2015, Variety confirmed that Watson was officially set to play the lead role of Mae Holland in the film.[3][12] On August 19, 2015, John Boyega was added to the cast, and on September 1, 2015, Karen Gillan was cast to play Annie, a warm and intelligent member of The Circle.[5] On September 11, 2015, Patton Oswalt joined the cast to play Tom Stenton, one of three founders of the Circle,[6] and on September 16, 2015, Bill Paxton joined the film as Watson's character's father.[7][13] On September 29, 2015, Ellar Coltrane joined the film, playing the character Mercer.[14]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on September 11, 2015, in Los Angeles, California.[12][15][16] On September 17, filming was taking place in Pasadena.[17] Reshoots were done in January 2017.[18]
Release[edit]
In February 2016, EuropaCorp acquired U.S and Canadian distribution rights to the film,[19] while STX Entertainment co-distributes.[20] The Circle premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2017[21] and was released on April 28, 2017.[22]
Box office[edit]
The Circle grossed $20.5 million in the United States and Canada and $13.4 million in other territories, for a total of $33.9 million, against a production budget of $18 million.[2]
In North America, The Circle was released alongside How to Be a Latin Lover, Baahubali 2: The Conclusion and Sleight, and was projected to gross $10–12 million from 3,163 theaters during its opening weekend.[23] However, the film underperformed, debuting at number five with $9 million, behind The Fate of the Furious, How to Be a Latin Lover, Baahubali 2: The Conclusion and The Boss Baby.[24]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 17% based on 112 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Circle assembles an impressive cast, but this digitally driven thriller spins aimlessly in its half-hearted exploration of timely themes."[25] On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 43 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "D+" on an A+ to F scale.[27]
Glenn Kenny of The New York Times criticized the film for its repetitiveness and lack of originality: "The novel is at its most trenchantly funny when depicting the exhausting nature of virtual social life, and it’s in this area, too, that the movie gets its very few knowing laughs. But it’s plain, not much more than 15 minutes in, that without the story’s paranoid aspects you’re left with a conceptual framework that’s been lapped three times over by the likes of, say, the Joshua Cohen novel Book of Numbers or the HBO comedy series Silicon Valley".[28] Dan Callahan of The Wrap wrote: "The main problem with The Circle is that the evil of the tech company is made so obvious right from the start."[29]
Eric Kohn of IndieWire awarded the film a C. He was especially critical of the film's tonal inconsistencies: "Recent years have seen a proliferation of deep-dive narratives on the information age, from the psychological thriller territory of Mr. Robot to the parodic extremes of Silicon Valley. Ponsoldt’s project is stuck in between those two extremes. On the one hand, it’s an Orwellian drama about surveillance society; at the same time, it’s a sincere workplace drama about young adulthood that shoehorns in some techno-babble for the sake of deepening its potential."[30]
Gregory Wakeman of Cinema Blend panned the film, arguing that "the movie's grand philosophical debate is so simplistic and comes from two opposing and extreme sides of the spectrum that it's basically rendered mute." He also wrote: "Smug, condescending, and completely without incident, The Circle is the reason why people hate Hollywood." Wakeman gave the film one-and-a-half stars out of five.[31] Likewise, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film one star out of four. He wrote: "The Circle feels dull, dated and ripped from yesterday's headlines. It flatlines while you're watching it."[32]
In a positive review, John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "The film's final message isn't as difficult to grapple with as the world we're actually living in, but that doesn't make it easy." He also described the film as "a mainstream-friendly critique of social media."[33] Owen Gleiberman of Variety was positive as well, directing much of his praise towards the film's contemporary relevance: "You could call The Circle a dystopian thriller, yet it’s not the usual boilerplate sci-fi about grimly abstract oppressors lording it over everyone else. The movie is smarter and creepier than that; it’s a cautionary tale for the age of social-media witch hunts and compulsive oversharing. The fascist digital future the movie imagines is darkly intriguing to contemplate, because one’s main thought about it is how much of that future is already here."[34] Mick LaSalle of The San Francisco Chronicle also praised the film's timeliness: "What makes The Circle so valuable is not only that it’s showing us a ghastly possible path that the world may take, but that it articulates the mentality that could create and sustain it."[35]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Circle". Tribeca Film Festival. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Circle (2017)". The Numbers. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (June 24, 2015). "Emma Watson Joins Tom Hanks in Thriller ‘The Circle’". variety.com. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (August 18, 2015). "‘Star Wars’ John Boyega Lands Lead In James Ponsoldt’s ‘The Circle’". deadline.com. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipes, Patrick (September 1, 2015). "Karen Gillan Completes ‘Circle’, Lands Final Lead In James Ponsoldt Pic". deadline.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hipes, Patrick (September 11, 2015). "Patton Oswalt Joins James Ponsoldt’s ‘The Circle’". deadline.com. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Justin (September 16, 2015). "Bill Paxton Joins Tom Hanks in ‘The Circle’ (EXCLUSIVE)". variety.com. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike (December 15, 2014). "Tom Hanks Eyes David Eggers’ Novel ‘The Circle’ With James Ponsoldt: Hot Package". deadline.com. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana; McClintock, Pamela (May 11, 2015). "Cannes: 'Ex Machina's' Alicia Vikander to Star in James Ponsoldt's 'The Circle' (Exclusive)". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (May 11, 2015). "Cannes: Tom Hanks Thriller ‘The Circle’ Gets Financing from Image Nation". variety.com. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (May 20, 2015). "Cannes: Tom Hanks’ ‘The Circle’ Sold Worldwide to Independent Territories by IM Global". thewrap.com. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b NEMIROFF, PERRI (June 18, 2015). "THE CIRCLE: James Ponsoldt Updates on Emma Watson’s Involvement; Confirms Fall Start". collider.com. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Actor Bill Paxton died on Saturday. He was 61.". Retrieved February 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 29, 2015). "'Boyhood' Star Joins Emma Watson, Tom Hanks in 'The Circle' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 9/11/15: Matt Damon Starts on Jason Bourne Sequel, Shailene Woodley Wraps Divergent Series: Allegiant". ssninsider.com. September 11, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Emma Watson cuts a demure figure in knitted sweater and chinos as she gets to work on her new movie The Circle". dailymail.co.uk. September 12, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Filming Locations for ‘The Circle’, starring Emma Watson, Tom Hanks & Patton Oswalt". onlocationvacations.com. September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "STX Lands Luc Besson’s ‘Valerian’ And Other EuropaCorp Titles In 3-Year Pact; RED Hit With Massive Layoffs". deadline.com. January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (February 9, 2016). "EuropaCorp Buys Domestic Rights to ‘The Circle’ With Emma Watson, Tom Hanks". Variety.com. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike; Busch, Anita (January 3, 2017). "STX Lands Luc Besson’s ‘Valerian’ And Other EuropaCorp Titles In 3-Year Pact; RED Hit With Massive Layoffs". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Cox, Gordon (March 8, 2017). "Emma Watson and Tom Hanks’ ‘The Circle’ to Premiere at 2017 Tribeca Film Festival". Variety. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 7, 2016). "Tom Hanks & Emma Watson Thriller ‘The Circle’ Sets Spring 2017 Release". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Circle' likely no match for 'Fate' at the box office". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: 'Fate of the Furious' Wins; 'How to Be a Latin Lover,' 'Baahubali 2' Beat 'The Circle'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Circle (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Circle Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ CinemaScore on Twitter (April 28, 2017). "The Circle". Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kenny, Glenn (April 27, 2017). "Review: In ‘The Circle,’ Click Here if You Think You’re Being Watched". The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Callahan, Dan (April 26, 2017). "‘The Circle’ Review: Tom Hanks Runs Social Media Cult in Implausible Thriller". The Wrap. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Eric (April 27, 2017). "‘The Circle’ Review: Tom Hanks and Emma Watson Star In a Misguided Story of Technology Gone Wrong — Tribeca 2017". IndieWire. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wakeman, Gregory (April 27, 2017). "THE CIRCLE REVIEW". Cinema Blend. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (April 28, 2017). "'The Circle' Review: Torn-From-Headlines Tech Thriller Is Cinematic Dead Link". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ DeFore, John (April 26, 2017). "'The Circle': Film Review - Tribeca 2017". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (April 26, 2017). "Tribeca Film Review: Tom Hanks and Emma Watson in ‘The Circle’". The Wrap. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ LaSalle, Mick (April 26, 2017). "‘The Circle’ a tale of technology run amok". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
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