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Through the Looking-Glass
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Through the Looking-Glass
First edition cover of Through the Looking-Glass
Author
Lewis Carroll
Illustrator
John Tenniel
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Children's fiction
Publisher
Macmillan
Publication date
1872
Preceded by
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1872[1]) is a novel by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). Set some six months later than the earlier book, Alice again enters a fantastical world, this time by climbing through a mirror into the world that she can see beyond it. Through the Looking-Glass includes such celebrated verses as "Jabberwocky" and "The Walrus and the Carpenter", and the episode involving Tweedledum and Tweedledee. The mirror which inspired Carroll remains displayed in Charlton Kings.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Characters
2.1 Main characters
2.2 Minor characters
2.3 Returning characters
3 Writing style and themes
3.1 Symbolism
3.2 Chess
4 Poems and songs
5 The Wasp in a wig
6 Dramatic adaptations
6.1 Stand-alone versions
6.2 With Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
6.3 Other
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 Other sources
9 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Alice entering the Looking Glass. Illustration by Sir John Tenniel
Chapter One – Looking-Glass House: Alice is playing with a white kitten (whom she calls "Snowdrop") and a black kitten (whom she calls "Kitty")—the offspring of Dinah, Alice's cat in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland—when she ponders what the world is like on the other side of a mirror's reflection. Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to step through it to an alternative world. In this reflected version of her own house, she finds a book with looking-glass poetry, "Jabberwocky", whose reversed printing she can read only by holding it up to the mirror. She also observes that the chess pieces have come to life, though they remain small enough for her to pick up.
Chapter Two – The Garden of Live Flowers: Upon leaving the house (where it had been a cold, snowy night), she enters a sunny spring garden where the flowers can speak; they perceive Alice as being a "flower that can move about". Elsewhere in the garden, Alice meets the Red Queen, who is now human-sized, and who impresses Alice with her ability to run at breathtaking speeds. This is a reference to the chess rule that queens are able to move any number of vacant squares at once, in any direction, which makes them the most "agile" of pieces.
Chapter Three – Looking-Glass Insects: The Red Queen reveals to Alice that the entire countryside is laid out in squares, like a gigantic chessboard, and offers to make Alice a queen if she can move all the way to the eighth rank/row in a chess match. This is a reference to the chess rule of Promotion. Alice is placed in the second rank as one of the White Queen's pawns, and begins her journey across the chessboard by boarding a train that literally jumps over the third row and directly into the fourth rank, thus acting on the rule that pawns can advance two spaces on their first move.
Tenniel illustration of Tweedledum (centre) and Tweedledee (right) and Alice (left). 1871)
Red King snoring, by John Tenniel
Chapter Four – Tweedledum and Tweedledee: She then meets the fat twin brothers Tweedledum and Tweedledee, who she knows from the famous nursery rhyme. After reciting the long poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter", the Tweedles draw Alice's attention to the Red King—loudly snoring away under a nearby tree—and maliciously provoke her with idle philosophical banter that she exists only as an imaginary figure in the Red King's dreams (thereby implying that she will cease to exist the instant he wakes up). Finally, the brothers begin acting out their nursery-rhyme by suiting up for battle, only to be frightened away by an enormous crow, as the nursery rhyme about them predicts.
Tenniel illustration of the White Knight. 1872
Chapter Five – Wool and Water: Alice next meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of (and demonstrates) her ability to remember future events before they have happened. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a brook together, but at the very moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers". Unknown to Alice, these are standard terms in the jargon of rowing. Thus (for a change) the Queen/Sheep was speaking in a perfectly logical and meaningful way.
Chapter Six – Humpty Dumpty: After crossing yet another brook into the sixth rank, Alice immediately encounters Humpty Dumpty, who, besides celebrating his unbirthday, provides his own translation of the strange terms in "Jabberwocky". In the process, he introduces Alice (and the reader) to the concept of portmanteau words, before his inevitable fall.
Chapter Seven – The Lion and the Unicorn: "All the king's horses and all the king's men" come to Humpty Dumpty's assistance, and are accompanied by the White King, along with the Lion and the Unicorn, who again proceed to act out a nursery rhyme by fighting with each other. In this chapter, the March Hare and Hatter of the first book make a brief re-appearance in the guise of "Anglo-Saxon messengers" called "Haigha" and "Hatta" (i.e. "Hare" and "Hatter"—these names are the only hint given as to their identities other than John Tenniel's illustrations).
Chapter Eight – “It’s my own Invention”: Upon leaving the Lion and Unicorn to their fight, Alice reaches the seventh rank by crossing another brook into the forested territory of the Red Knight, who is intent on capturing the "white pawn"—who is Alice—until the White Knight comes to her rescue. Escorting her through the forest towards the final brook-crossing, the Knight recites a long poem of his own composition called Haddocks' Eyes, and repeatedly falls off his horse. His clumsiness is a reference to the "eccentric" L-shaped movements of chess knights, and may also be interpreted as a self-deprecating joke about Lewis Carroll's own physical awkwardness and stammering in real life.
Chapter Nine – Queen Alice: Bidding farewell to the White Knight, Alice steps across the last brook, and is automatically crowned a queen, with the crown materialising abruptly on her head. She soon finds herself in the company of both the White and Red Queens, who relentlessly confound Alice by using word play to thwart her attempts at logical discussion. They then invite one another to a party that will be hosted by the newly crowned Alice—of which Alice herself had no prior knowledge.
Chapter Ten – Shaking: Alice arrives and seats herself at her own party, which quickly turns to a chaotic uproar—much like the ending of the first book. Alice finally grabs the Red Queen, believing her to be responsible for all the day's nonsense, and begins shaking her violently with all her might. By thus "capturing" the Red Queen, Alice unknowingly puts the Red King (who has remained stationary throughout the book) into checkmate, and thus is allowed to wake up.
Chapter Eleven – Waking: Alice suddenly awakes in her armchair to find herself holding the black kitten, who she deduces to have been the Red Queen all along, with the white kitten having been the White Queen.
Chapter Twelve – Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may have, in fact, been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than a figment of his imagination. One final poem is inserted by the author as a sort of epilogue which suggests that life itself is but a dream.
Characters[edit]
Life-size statue of Alice Through the Looking-Glass in the grounds of Guildford Castle
Main characters[edit]
Alice
Bandersnatch
Haigha (March Hare)
Hatta (The Hatter)
Humpty Dumpty
The Jabberwock
Jubjub bird
Red King
Red Queen
The Lion and the Unicorn
The Sheep
The Walrus and the Carpenter
Tweedledum and Tweedledee
White King
White Knight
White Queen
Minor characters[edit]
Main article: List of minor characters in Through the Looking Glass
The Jabberwock, as illustrated by John Tenniel for Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass, including the poem "Jabberwocky".
Returning characters[edit]
The characters of Hatta and Haigha ("hatter" and "hare" as pronounced in posh English) make an appearance, and are pictured (by Sir John Tenniel, not by Carroll) to resemble their Wonderland counterparts, the Hatter and the March Hare. However, Alice does not recognise them as such.
Dinah, Alice's cat, also makes a return – this time with her two kittens, Kitty (the black one) and Snowdrop (the white one). At the end of the book they are associated with the Red Queen and the White Queen respectively in the looking-glass world.
Though she does not appear, Alice's sister is mentioned. In both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, there are puns and quips about two non-existing characters, Nobody and Somebody. Paradoxically, the gnat calls Alice an old friend, though it was never introduced in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Writing style and themes[edit]
Symbolism[edit]
The themes and settings of Through the Looking-Glass make it a kind of mirror image of Wonderland: the first book begins outdoors, in the warm month of May (4 May),[a] uses frequent changes in size as a plot device, and draws on the imagery of playing cards; the second opens indoors on a snowy, wintry night exactly six months later, on 4 November (the day before Guy Fawkes Night),[b] uses frequent changes in time and spatial directions as a plot device, and draws on the imagery of chess. In it, there are many mirror themes, including opposites, time running backwards, and so on.
The White Queen offers to hire Alice as her lady's maid and to pay her "Twopence a week, and jam every other day." Alice says that she doesn't want any jam today, and the Queen tells her: "You couldn't have it if you did want it. The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday—but never jam to-day." This is a reference to the rule in Latin that the word iam or jam meaning now in the sense of already or at that time cannot be used to describe now in the present, which is nunc in Latin. Jam is therefore never available today.[2]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2012)
Chess[edit]
Lewis Carroll's diagram of the story as a chess game
Whereas the first book has the deck of cards as a theme, this book is based on a game of chess, played on a giant chessboard with fields for squares. Most main characters in the story are represented by a chess piece or animals, with Alice herself being a pawn.
The looking-glass world is divided into sections by brooks or streams, with the crossing of each brook usually signifying a notable change in the scene and action of the story: the brooks represent the divisions between squares on the chessboard, and Alice's crossing of them signifies advancing of her piece one square. Furthermore, since the brook-crossings do not always correspond to the beginning and ends of chapters, most editions of the book visually represent the crossings by breaking the text with several lines of asterisks ( * * * ). The sequence of moves (white and red) is not always followed. The most extensive treatment of the chess motif in Carroll's novel is provided in Glen Downey's The Truth About Pawn Promotion: The Development of the Chess Motif in Victorian Fiction.[3]
Poems and songs[edit]
The Walrus and the Carpenter
To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said...
Tune for To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said...
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Prelude ("Child of the pure unclouded brow")
"Jabberwocky" (seen in the mirror-house; full poem here including readings)
"Tweedledum and Tweedledee"
"The Walrus and the Carpenter" (full poem here)
"Humpty Dumpty"
"In Winter when the fields are white..."
"The Lion and the Unicorn"
"Haddocks' Eyes" / The Aged Aged Man / Ways and Means / A-sitting on a Gate, the song is A-sitting on a Gate, but its other names and callings are placed above.
"Hush-a-by lady, in Alice's lap..." (Red Queen's lullaby)
"To the Looking-Glass world it was Alice that said..."
White Queen's riddle
"A boat beneath a sunny sky" is the first line of a titleless acrostic poem at the end of the book—the beginning letters of each line, when put together, spell Alice Pleasance Liddell.
The Wasp in a wig[edit]
Lewis Carroll decided to suppress a scene involving what was described as "a wasp in a wig" (possibly a play on the commonplace expression "bee in the bonnet"). It has been suggested in a biography by Carroll's nephew, Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, that one of the reasons for this suppression was a suggestion from his illustrator, John Tenniel,[4] who wrote in a letter to Carroll dated 1 June 1870:
...I am bound to say that the 'wasp' chapter doesn't interest me in the least, and I can't see my way to a picture. If you want to shorten the book, I can't help thinking – with all submission – that there is your opportunity.[5]
For many years no one had any idea what this missing section was or whether it had survived. In 1974, a document purporting to be the galley proofs of the missing section was sold at Sotheby's; the catalogue description read, in part, that "The proofs were bought at the sale of the author's ... personal effects ... Oxford, 1898...". The bid was won by John Fleming, a Manhattan book dealer. He paid the equivalent of $4,000.[6] The contents were subsequently published in Martin Gardner's The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition, and is also available as a hardback book The Wasp in a Wig: A Suppressed Episode ....[7]
The rediscovered section describes Alice's encounter with a wasp wearing a yellow wig, and includes a full previously unpublished poem. If included in the book, it would have followed, or been included at the end of, Chapter 8 – the chapter featuring the encounter with the White Knight. The discovery is generally accepted as genuine, but the proofs have yet to receive any physical examination to establish age and authenticity.[citation needed]
Dramatic adaptations[edit]
The book has been adapted several times, in combination with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and as a stand-alone film or television special.
Stand-alone versions[edit]
The adaptations include live, TV musicals, live action and animated versions and radio adaptations. One of the earliest adaptations was a silent movie directed by Walter Lang, Alice Through a Looking Glass, in 1928.[8]
A dramatised version directed by Douglas Cleverdon and starring Jane Asher was recorded in the late 1950s by Argo Records, with actors Tony Church, Norman Shelley and Carleton Hobbs, and Margaretta Scott as the narrator.[9]
Musical versions include the 1966 TV musical with songs by Moose Charlap, and Judi Rolin in the role of Alice,[10][11] a Christmas 2007 multimedia stage adaptation at The Tobacco Factory directed and conceived by Andy Burden, written by Hattie Naylor, music and lyrics by Paul Dodgson and a 2008 opera Through the Looking Glass by Alan John.
Television versions include the 1973 BBC TV movie, Alice Through the Looking Glass, with Sarah Sutton playing Alice,[12] a 1982 38-minute Soviet cutout-animated film made by Kievnauchfilm studio and directed by Yefrem Pruzhanskiy,[13] an animated TV movie in 1987, with Janet Waldo as the voice of Alice (Mr. T was the voice of the Jabberwock)[14] and the 1998 Channel 4 TV movie, with Kate Beckinsale playing the role of Alice. This production restored the lost "Wasp in a Wig" episode.[15]
In March 2011, Japanese companies Toei and Banpresto announced that a collaborative animation project based on Through the Looking-Glass tentatively titled Kyōsō Giga (京騒戯画)[16] was in production.
On 22 December 2011, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation by Stephen Wyatt on Saturday Drama[17] with Lauren Mote as Alice, Julian Rhind-Tutt as Lewis Carroll (who not only narrates the story but is also an active character), Carole Boyd as the Red Queen, Sally Phillips as the White Queen, Nicholas Parsons as Humpty-Dumpty, Alistair McGowan as Tweedledum and Tweedledee and John Rowe as the White Knight.
With Alice's Adventures in Wonderland[edit]
Adaptations combined with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland include the 1933 live-action movie Alice in Wonderland, starring a huge all-star cast and Charlotte Henry in the role of Alice. It featured most of the elements from Through the Looking Glass as well, including W. C. Fields as Humpty Dumpty, and a Harman-Ising animated version of The Walrus and the Carpenter.[18] The 1951 animated Disney movie Alice in Wonderland also features several elements from Through the Looking-Glass, including the talking flowers, Tweedledee and Tweedledum, and "The Walrus and the Carpenter".[19] Another adaptation, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, produced by Joseph Shaftel Productions in 1972 with Fiona Fullerton as Alice, included the twins Fred and Frank Cox as Tweedledum and Tweedledee.[20] The 2010 film Alice in Wonderland by Tim Burton contains elements of both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.[21]
The 1974 Italian TV series Nel Mondo Di Alice (In the World of Alice) which covers both novels, covers Through the Looking-Glass in episodes 3 and 4.[22]
Combined stage productions include the 1980 version, produced and written by Elizabeth Swados, Alice in Concert (aka Alice at the Palace), performed on a bare stage. Meryl Streep played the role of Alice, with additional supporting cast by Mark Linn-Baker and Betty Aberlin. In 2007, Chicago-based Lookingglass Theater Company debuted an acrobatic interpretation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass with Lookingglass Alice.[23] Lookingglass Alice was performed in New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago,[24] and in a version of the show which toured the United States.
Iris Theatre in London, England, had a 2 part version of both novels in which Through the Looking-Glass was part 2. Alice was played in both parts by Laura Wickham. It was staged in the summer of 2013.[25]
Laura Wade's Alice, a modern adaptation of both books premiering at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 2010, adapted parts of both novels.
Wonder.land by Moira Buffini and Damon Albarn takes some characters from the second novel, notably Dum and Dee and Humpty Dumpty. The show also merges the Queen of Hearts and the Red Queen into one character.
Adrian Mitchell's Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass adaptation for the RSC (Royal Shakespeare Company) adapted through the Looking-Glass in act 2.[26]
The 1985 two-part TV musical Alice in Wonderland, produced by Irwin Allen, covers both books; Alice was played by Natalie Gregory. In this adaptation, the Jabberwock materialises into reality after Alice reads "Jabberwocky", and pursues her through the second half of the musical.[27] The 1999 made-for-TV Hallmark/NBC film Alice in Wonderland, with Tina Majorino as Alice, merges elements from Through the Looking Glass including the talking flowers, Tweedledee and Tweedledum, "The Walrus and the Carpenter", and the chess theme including the snoring Red King and White Knight.[28] The 2009 Syfy TV miniseries Alice contains elements from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.[29]
Other[edit]
The 1977 film Jabberwocky expands the story of the poem "Jabberwocky".[30]
The 1936 Mickey Mouse short film Thru the Mirror has Mickey travel through his mirror and into a bizarre world.
The 1959 film Donald in Mathmagic Land includes a segment with Donald Duck dressed as Alice meeting the Red Queen on a chessboard.
The 2011 ballet Through the Looking-Glass by American composer John Craton
The 2013 book Through the Zombie Glass by Gena Showalter
The 2016 film Alice Through the Looking Glass by James Bobin, a sequel to the 2010 film Alice in Wonderland.
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Children's literature portal
United Kingdom portal
Alice Chess
"I Am the Walrus"
Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Translations of Through the Looking-Glass
Vorpal sword
Works based on Alice in Wonderland
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In Chapter 7, "A Mad Tea-Party", Alice reveals that the date is "the fourth" and that the month is "May."
Jump up ^ In the first chapter, Alice speaks of the snow outside and the "bonfire" that "the boys" are building for a celebration "to-morrow", a clear reference to the traditional bonfires on Guy Fawkes Night, 5 November; in the fifth chapter, she affirms that her age is "seven and a half exactly."
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Oxford Companion to English Literature 5th Ed, 1986
Jump up ^ Cook, Eleanor (2006). Enigmas and Riddles in Literature. Cambridge University Press. p. 163. ISBN 0521855101.
Jump up ^ http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/NQ34258.pdf
Jump up ^ Symon, Evan V. (January 14, 2013). "10 Deleted Chapters that Transformed Famous Books". listverse.com.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Martin (2000). The Annotated Alice. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 283. ISBN 0-393-04847-0.
Jump up ^ "Special Collections and University Archives at the University of Maryland".
Jump up ^ (Clarkson Potter, MacMillan & Co.; 1977)
Jump up ^ Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928) on IMDb
Jump up ^ "Alice in Wonderland: Wired for Sound". Retrieved 15 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS (1966, U.S.)". Kiddiematinee.com. 6 November 1966. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Alice Through the Looking Glass (1966) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) on IMDb
Jump up ^ "Russian animation in letters and figures | Films | "ALICE IN THE LAND IN THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MIRROR"". Animator.ru. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice Through the Looking Glass (1998) on IMDb
Jump up ^ "Kyousogiga.com". Kyousogiga.com. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pf5d7
Jump up ^ Alice in Wonderland (1933) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice in Wonderland (1951) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice in Wonderland (2010) on IMDb
Jump up ^ fictionrare2 (2014-09-29), Nel mondo di Alice 3^p, retrieved 2016-04-23
Jump up ^ "Lookingglass Alice | Lookingglass Theatre Company". Lookingglasstheatre.org. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lookingglass Alice Video Preview". Lookingglasstheatre.org. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Theatre adaptations (excluding reimaginings)". all-in-the-golden-afternoon96.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Theatre adaptations (excluding reimaginings)". all-in-the-golden-afternoon96.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
Jump up ^ Alice in Wonderland (1985) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice in Wonderland (1999) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Alice (2009) on IMDb
Jump up ^ Jabberwocky (1977) on IMDb
Other sources[edit]
Tymn, Marshall B.; Kenneth J. Zahorski and Robert H. Boyer (1979). Fantasy Literature: A Core Collection and Reference Guide. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. p. 61. ISBN 0-8352-1431-1.
Gardner, Martin (1990). More Annotated Alice. New York: Random House. p. 363. ISBN 0-394-58571-2.
Gardner, Martin (1960). The Annotated Alice. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. pp. 180–181.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Through the Looking-Glass
Media related to Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There at Wikimedia Commons
A catalogue of illustrated editions of the Alice books from 1899 to 2009
Online texts
Through the Looking-Glass at Project Gutenberg
Through the Looking-Glass public domain audiobook at LibriVox
HTML version with commentary of Sabian religion
Text of A Wasp in a Wig
c1917 edition from archive.org – scanned for download or reading online
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12 Monkeys (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
12 Monkeys
Genre
Science fiction
Mystery
Drama
Based on
12 Monkeys
by David Peoples
Janet Peoples
Developed by
Terry Matalas
Travis Fickett
Starring
Aaron Stanford
Amanda Schull
Kirk Acevedo
Noah Bean
Todd Stashwick
Emily Hampshire
Barbara Sukowa
Composer(s)
Trevor Rabin
Paul Linford
Bryce Jacobs
Stephen Barton
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
36 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Richard Suckle
Charles Roven
Natalie Chaidez (season 1)
Jeffrey Reiner (pilot)
David Grossman (season 2–present)
Travis Fickett (season 2)
Terry Matalas (season 2–present)
Producer(s)
Jake Kurily (seasons 1–2)
Rebecca Kirsch (season 1)
Richard E. Robbins (season 2)
Tony Elliott (season 3)
Sean Tretta (season 3)
Location(s)
Toronto, Canada
Detroit, Michigan (pilot)
Budapest, Hungary (season 2)
Prague, Czech Republic (season 3)
Cinematography
Todd McMullen
David Greene
Tico Poulakakis
Boris Mojsovski
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
40–47 minutes
Production company(s)
Division Street (season 3–present)
Atlas Entertainment
Universal Cable Productions
Distributor
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Release
Original network
Syfy
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Surround
Original release
January 16, 2015 (2015-01-16) – present (present)
External links
Official website
12 Monkeys is an American television series on Syfy created by Terry Matalas and Travis Fickett. It is a science fiction mystery drama with a time traveling plot loosely based on the 1995 film of the same name, which was written by David and Janet Peoples and directed by Terry Gilliam, itself being inspired by Chris Marker's 1962 short film La Jetée; the series credits both Peoples and Marker for their original works.
In the series, Aaron Stanford and Amanda Schull star as James Cole and Dr. Cassandra "Cassie" Railly, who use time travel in an effort to stop the destructive plans of the enigmatic organization "Army of the 12 Monkeys". Kirk Acevedo and Noah Bean also star in the first season. In the second season, Bean makes a guest appearance, and Todd Stashwick, Emily Hampshire and Barbara Sukowa are promoted from recurring guests to regulars. Stanford, Schull and Hampshire play reimagined versions of characters respectively portrayed by Bruce Willis, Madeleine Stowe and Brad Pitt in the 1995 film.
Natalie Chaidez was the showrunner of 12 Monkeys during its first season, assisting Matalas and Fickett. After the season completed she stepped down to the role of consultant for the second season, and Matalas and Fickett became showrunners. In the third season Fickett became a consultant, and Matalas was the sole showrunner. The series is produced by Atlas Entertainment, which produced the original film, and Universal Cable Productions. Charles Roven, producer of the original, is one of the executive producers.
12 Monkeys premiered on January 16, 2015 with a 13-episode first season. In June 2016, it was renewed for a 10-episode third season, which premiered on May 19, 2017, and aired over three consecutive nights. In March 2017, the series was renewed for a fourth and final season consisting of 11 episodes, set to premiere June 15, 2018, and conclude on July 6, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Production
3.1 Conception
3.2 Development
3.3 Filming locations
3.4 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Creative response
5 Release
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Home media
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Further information: List of 12 Monkeys episodes
In the year 2043, scavenger James Cole (Aaron Stanford) has been recruited by a team of "Project Splinter" scientists led by physicist Katarina Jones (Barbara Sukowa), to travel back in time to the year 2015, and stop the release of a deadly virus by the enigmatic organization known as the "Army of the 12 Monkeys". In Cole's original timeline, the virus caused a plague that resulted in the death of seven billion humans in the year 2017, and its on-going mutations will mean the eventual end of the human race. In the 2015 timeline, Cole will meet and enlist the help of brilliant virologist Dr. Cassandra "Cassie" Railly (Amanda Schull); the two are brought together because a recording mentioning Cole, that Cassie made after the viral outbreak, is uncovered by Jones in the future timeline, prompting her to select Cole for the mission. Cole will also encounter a seemingly unstable math genius named Jennifer Goines (Emily Hampshire), whose father Cole has been tasked to kill, Cassie's ex-boyfriend Aaron Marker (Noah Bean), and the dangerous high-ranking members of the Army of the 12 Monkeys, "Pallid Man" (Tom Noonan) and Olivia (Alisen Down). In the future timeline, Cole will also have to deal with his best friend José Ramse (Kirk Acevedo), and a man named Theodore Deacon (Todd Stashwick), who leads a brutal pack of scavengers from which Cole and Ramse fled. Meanwhile, Cole and Cassie will try to unveil the identity and whereabouts of the mysterious leader of the Army of the 12 Monkeys, who is only known as "The Witness", and is always one step ahead of them.
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 January 16, 2015 (2015-01-16) April 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)
2 13 April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18) July 18, 2016 (2016-07-18)
3 10 May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19) May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)
4 11[1] June 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)[1] July 6, 2018 (2018-07-06)[1]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Aaron Stanford as James Cole, a scavenger who travels back in time to stop the plague and redeem himself from his troubled past[2]
Amanda Schull as Dr. Cassandra "Cassie" Railly, a virologist who leaves a message about the origins of the plague that scientists recover in the future[2]
Kirk Acevedo as José Ramse, Cole's best friend[2]
Noah Bean as Aaron Marker (season 1; guest season 2), Cassie's ex-boyfriend and political insider[2]
Todd Stashwick as Theodore Deacon (season 2–present; recurring season 1), leader of a brutal group of survivors called the West VII[2][3]
Emily Hampshire as Jennifer Goines (season 2–present; recurring season 1), daughter of Leland Goines and a math genius, who meets Cole in a psych ward[2][4]
Barbara Sukowa as Dr. Katarina Jones (née Werner) (season 2–present; recurring season 1), the inventor and operator of the time machine[2][3]
Recurring[edit]
Tom Noonan as the unnamed man commonly referred as "Pallid Man" by the writers,[5] also known as "Tall Man",[6] who is the villainous face of the Army of the 12 Monkeys[2]
Romina D'Ugo as Max (season 1), a scavenger from the West VII group, and former lover of Cole[7][8]
Demore Barnes as Marcus Whitley, one of the few remaining soldiers of the U.S. military.[8]
Ramon de Ocampo as Oliver Peters (seasons 1–2), Markridge Group's medical researcher
Alisen Down as Olivia, also known as "Striking Woman" outside the show, a high-ranking member of the Army of the 12 Monkeys and sister of the Pallid Man[5]
Amy Sloan as Elena (season 1), mother of Ramse's son
Andrew Gillies as Adler (season 2–present; co-star season 1), a Project Splinter scientist
Michael Hogan as Dr. Vance Eckland (season 2), a charismatic and intelligent scientist from the future[3]
Scottie Thompson as the unnamed woman referred by the writers as "Mantis" (season 2–present)[9] a calculating and menacing time traveler, and mother of the Pallid Man and Olivia[10]
Jay Karnes as Robert Gale (season 2–present), a savvy 1940s FBI agent who believes a series of grisly murders may have something to do with Cole, whom he suspects might not be from this time[11]
Brooke Williams as Hannah Jones (season 2–present), Katarina's biological daughter
Murray Furrow as Dr. Lasky (season 3; co-star season 1–2), a Project Splinter scientist
Hannah Waddingham as Magdalena (season 3), a member of the Army of the 12 Monkeys charged with protecting The Witness and who has been dubbed "both ruthless and expedient" in her methods[12]
Faran Tahir as Mallick (season 3), an imposing and devout enforcer of the Army of the 12 Monkeys who resides in Titan[12]
James Callis as Athan Cole (season 3), Cole and Railly's son, who has been raised by the Army of the 12 Monkeys to become their leader known as The Witness[13][14]
Production[edit]
Conception[edit]
Terry Matalas and Travis Fickett, who had written together for the series Nikita and Terra Nova, wrote an original spec script television pilot with a time travelling plot, named Splinter.[15] Eventually, the script found its way in Atlas Entertainment's offices, who had produced the 12 Monkeys movie and had been wanting to create a TV series based on it for some time.[16] After some deliberation, Matalas and Fickett came to an agreement with Atlas Entertainment to transform Splinter into a 12 Monkeys adaptation.[17][18] According to Matalas, aside of the overall structure of the plot being an attempt to stop a man from doing something in the past, the concept of the same watch from different points in time, the terminology used for traveling through time ("splintering"), and the female lead character named "Cassie", most of the Splinter pilot was changed.[19]
Development[edit]
"Ultimately, our version of predestination – and where it diverges from La Jetée or the original film – is that it's a basically a bullfight, a ballet, against Time. That Time is something to be wrestled with and fought against – and after you've bled and been beaten and gotten your ass thoroughly kicked, maybe you've moved it an inch. The idea of a closed loop works beautifully in a film, but for the story and the emotion of a TV series to really resonate, the characters and the audience have to believe that change is possible. It's hard-fought and not without causalities along the way, but we've already seen that time can be affected. Whether it can be changed enough – or how Time might account for those changes – are some of the central questions of the show. It's also possible that all of this is a closed loop with several loops inside that loop."
—Terry Matalas, co-creator, on how the time travel model of the series differs from that of its source material.[20]
On July 22, 2013, The Hollywood Reporter first revealed that Syfy was developing a 12 Monkeys television adaptation, in the form of a 90-minute backdoor pilot that would lead to a straight-to-series order, similarly to what the Battlestar Galactica miniseries did. The pitch for the pilot, which would be written by Matalas and Picket, was submitted to Syfy by Atlas Entertainment's Charles Roven and Richard Suckle; Roven was one of the producers of the original film. Jon Cassar was reported as being on board to direct.[21] The following month, it was reported that Syfy decided to green-light an hour-long pilot, which would be executive produced by Roven and Suckle, with production set to begin in November.[22] Due to the series being labeled as "cast contingent", production could not move forward until the roles of Cole and Goines were cast.[23] On April 4, 2014, Syfy green-lit the first season, consisting of 13 episodes, including the pilot filmed in 2013. The pilot was directed and executive produced by Jeffrey Reiner; Matalas and Ficket, who wrote it, were announced to co-executive produce the season, while Natalie Chaidez would serve as showrunner.[24] Chaidez credited her experience writing for the first season of Heroes and the two seasons of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, two science fiction series with time traveling plots, as valuable to understanding how to make 12 Monkeys work.[17] Matalas presented the series as a "complete reimagining" of the film and not just a remake, citing Looper as an inspiration for the time travel visual effects.[25] In fact, as Matalas explained, the story of the film was adapted into the first act of the pilot, and from there on, the series follows an original storyline, although it continues to homage both the film and La Jetée.[26] Madeleine Stowe, who played the equivalent of Amanda Schull's character in the film, narrated the opening of the season 2 premiere and made an appearance in its finale.[27] Two major differences compared to the movie are that this version of time travel allows for changes in the past to affect the future, and that the "Army of the 12 Monkeys" is a real organization rather than a red herring.[28]
The series creators plotted three seasons in advance, although they noted that the show could go on for longer than that.[29] During the second season they said they need four seasons to tell the complete story.[30] The ending of the series has been known to them since the beginning. Matalas said about it: "We have a definitive target in place. It's very emotional and it's going to make everyone cry."[31] Chaidez said the ending is designed to "circle back".[32]
The series premiered on January 16, 2015,[33] and was renewed for a second season on March 12, 2015,[34] which premiered on April 18, 2016.[35] Matalas and Fickett, who had opted for Chaidez to showrun the first season because of her bigger experience working on TV, replaced her during the second season, after her departure to showrun her own TV series, Hunters.[15] Chaidez instead was credited as a consultant for the season.[17] The third season was announced on June 29, 2016,[36] and premiered on May 19, 2017,[37] with the first episode being the directorial debut for Matalas.[38] Fickett left his position as executive producer and was credited as consultant, leaving Matalas the sole showrunner for the season. Nevertheless, Fickett provided the story and helped write the screenplay for the season's fourth episode, "Brothers".[39] In a change over how the previous seasons were released, Syfy aired the entire third season over three consecutive nights. A fourth and final season was announced on March 16, 2017. It will consist of 11 episodes, and is set to premiere June 15, 2018 and conclude on July 6, 2018.[37][40][41]
Filming locations[edit]
While the writing staff is located in Los Angeles,[citation needed] principal photography takes place in Toronto.[42] Standing sets are changed constantly to reflect plot changes through time-travel and through the characters' journeys, parts of which might not have happened to them yet.[43] Additional filming took place in Detroit for the pilot,[44] in Budapest for roughly 10 days during season 2,[45][43] and in Prague for about three weeks during season 3.[46] The reason for moving to Europe was to benefit from the different flair and to use the older architecture for 1950s stand-ins.[43]
Music[edit]
Trevor Rabin and his longtime assistant Paul Linford composed the series' music for its first two seasons.[47] Varèse Sarabande released the composers' score for the first season, consisting of 23 tracks, digitally and on CD, on July 31, 2015.[48] Rabin called it "a hybrid score of ethnic sounds, orchestra, and electronic, with a strong theme base".[49]
The music for the first couple of episodes of the third season was composed by Bryce Jacobs.[50] Stephen Barton composed additional music for them, and took over as composer for the remaining episodes.[51]
The original film's theme music — an arrangement of Astor Piazzolla's Suite Punta del Este made by Paul Buckmaster — can be heard during the ninth episode of the second season, "Hyena".[52]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Critical reception of the first season of 12 Monkeys has been mixed to positive. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator website, reported a 62% critical approval rating with an average rating of 5.98/10 based on 34 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "The nonsensical time travel in 12 Monkeys makes it less watchable than its original source material, but the high quality execution and cool characters are top-notch."[53] On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, the season is assigned a score of 57 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[54] Christine Seghers rated the first season 8.8/10 and wrote in her review for IGN: "What started as a simple 'let's go back and fix this' story soon blossomed into a deep philosophical mediation on the concept of predestination versus free will. If you wanted it. The show is also an awful lot of fun."[55] The critical reception of the later episodes of the first season was more positive than the initial reception. The final episode of the season Arms of Mine received rave reviews, including a 9.4/10 rating from IGN and a 4.5/5 rating from Den of Geek.[56][57] The twelfth of the season, called Paradox, also received rave reviews, including a 9.3/10 rating from IGN and a A- rating from The AV Club.[58][59]
Critical reception of the second season has been highly positive. For the second season of 12 Monkeys, Rotten Tomatoes indexed 7 reviews and reported an 86% critical approval rating with an average rating of 8.0/10.[60] Seghers, rating the season 9.0/10, wrote for IGN: "In its outstanding sophomore season, 12 Monkeys became bigger, bolder and more beautifully baffling, reaffirming its status as one of the best sci-fi shows on television today."[61] On Metacritic, the season is assigned a score of 70 out of 100, based on 1 critic.[62] The episodes Lullaby and Memory of Tomorrow are generally considered to be the best episodes of the second season. Lullaby has a 9.4/10 rating from IGN and a perfect 5/5 rating from Den of Geek.[63][64] Memory of Tomorrow has a 9.6/10 rating from IGN and a 4.5/5 rating from Den of Geek.[65][66]
The third and most recent season of 12 Monkeys has received acclaim from critics and is, among critics, the highest rated season of the tv show so far. Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% critical approval rating with an average rating of 9.50/10 based on 4 reviews.[67] On Metacritic, the season is assigned a score of 80 out of 100, based on 1 critic.[68] Seghers rated the third season 9.5/10 in her review for IGN and wrote: "Season 3 of 12 Monkeys is indeed binge-worthy, delivering sci-fi thrills, surprising plot twists, and hours of epic storytelling that cement the show as the jewel in Syfy's crown."[69]
Creative response[edit]
Before the 12 Monkeys series premiere, Terry Gilliam, director of the original film, expressed his reservations about the concept:
I know nothing about that. That's just ridiculous. It doesn't have anything to do with me and no-one has contacted me. It's a very dumb idea. That's what I think. If it was going to be any good it would have to be written by David and Janet Peoples, who wrote the film, otherwise it would just be another version of Time Bandits.[70]
According to Matalas, both the Peoples and Chris Marker, writers of the original film and La Jetée, respectively, read the pilot and gave the series creators their blessing and support to move forward with it.[71] The Peoples and Marker are credited in the opening and closing credits of each episode for their respective original works.[72] Madeleine Stowe, lead actress of the original film, became supportive of the filmmakers after watching the pilot, appreciating the differences between her character and Amanda Schull's interpretation.[73] She was later cast in a pivotal role in the second season.[74]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
Syfy UK and Ireland acquired regional broadcasting rights and 12 Monkeys premiered in the UK and Ireland on February 27, 2015.[75]
Home media[edit]
Universal Pictures Home Entertainment released the first season of the series on DVD and Blu-ray on January 19, 2016.[76] On February 11, 2016, Syfy and Hulu announced that the latter will have the exclusive streaming rights for the first season's episodes, after they are made available on February 24.[77]
Season 2 was made available on DVD and Blu-ray on January 17, 2017.[78]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref
2015 Golden Maple Awards Newcomer of the Year in a TV Series Broadcast in the U.S. Emily Hampshire Won [79]
Saturn Awards Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series 12 Monkeys Nominated [80]
American Society of Cinematographers Awards Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Episode of a Regular Series David Greene
(for "Mentally Divergent") Nominated [81]
2016 Golden Maple Awards Best Actress in a TV Series Broadcast in the U.S. Emily Hampshire Nominated [82]
Canadian Society of Cinematographers Awards TV Series Cinematography David Greene
(for "Divine Move") Won [83]
2017 TV Series Cinematography Boris Mojsovski
(for "Fatherland") Nominated [84]
2018 American Society of Cinematographers Awards Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Regular Series for Commercial Television Boris Mojsovski
(for "Thief") Won [81]
David Greene
(for "Mother") Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Mitchell, Bea (May 8, 2018). "12 Monkeys' final season lands an air date". Syfy. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Gross, Ed. "12 Monkeys: everything you need to know for Season 2". empireonline.com. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Natalie Abrams (July 11, 2015). "Comic Con 2015: 12 Monkeys lands Battlestar Galactica vet in season 2". EW. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rebecca Iannucci (March 13, 2015). "TVLine Items: Syfy's Newest Monkey, Diddy Does black-ish and More". TVLine. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldman, Eric (April 11, 2015). "12 Monkeys Executive Producer on Season 1's Finale and What to Expect in Season 2". ign.com. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Team, The Deadline (August 5, 2014). "Avan Jogia To Topline Spike TV's 'Tut' Event Series; Romina D'Ugo Joins Syfy's '12 Monkeys'". deadline.com. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Syfy's 12 Monkeys Adds Rookie Blue Vet, Originals Alum and Two Others — TVLine". TVLine.
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Jump up ^ Natalie Abrams (August 10, 2015). "12 Monkeys lands Downton Abbey, The Shield alums for season 2". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Alicia Lutes (December 14, 2016). "12 MONKEYS CASTS GAME OF THRONES AND STAR TREK ACTORS (EXCLUSIVE)". Nerdist.
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Jump up ^ "8 Secrets About 12 Monkeys Season 3 Every Fan Should Know". denofgeek.com. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Anders, Charlie Jane. "What The 12 Monkeys Showrunner Learned From Writing For Terminator: SCC". gizmodo.com. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Syfy Greenlights 12 Episodes of '12 Monkeys' (Updated)". zap2it.com. April 4, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "'12 Monkeys' taps Madeleine Stowe for special season 2 role — exclusive". ew.com. February 25, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Producers Travis Fickett and Terry Matalas on Time Travel, Gender Swapping, and Syfy's 12 MONKEYS - Nerdist". nerdist.com. January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "12 MONKEYS Interview: Creators Terry Matalas & Travis Fickett and Showrunner Natalie Chaidez". collider.com. January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'12 Monkeys' Showrunner Terry Matalas Talks Season 3, Fate, and Ratings". inverse.com. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ News, Headlines & Global (October 9, 2015). "'12 Monkeys' SPOILERS: Cole to Die in Series Finale?". hngn.com. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Syfy's 12 Monkeys Ending Will Circle Back to the Pilot". slashfilm.com. January 17, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "12 Monkeys TV Show Will Premiere This January on Syfy". movieweb.com. October 10, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly; Roots, Kimberly (March 12, 2015). "12 Monkeys Renewed for Season 2". tvline.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Assassin. "12 Monkeys - Season 2 - Premiere Date Announced + First Look Promotional Photos *Updated*". spoilertv.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b "'12 Monkeys' Renewed for Fourth and Final Season". ew.com. March 16, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Macklem, Lisa. "12 Monkeys - Mother & Guardians & Enemies & Brothers - Advance Preview - "Four Episodes for the Price of One!"". spoilertv.com. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weiss, Josh (January 13, 2018). "12 Monkeys will go back to the Middle Ages for Season 4". Syfy. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Breaking News - Syfy's "12 Monkeys" to Commence Series Production in Toronto - TheFutonCritic.com". thefutoncritic.com. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Sci-fi pilot '12 Monkeys' filming in Detroit, will get $1.5M in state incentives". crainsdetroit.com. December 10, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "12 MONKEYS Cast Teases Season 2 Surprises - Nerdist". nerdist.com. October 20, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "12 Monkeys: Music From Syfy Original Television Series". July 31, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2017 – via Amazon.
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Jump up ^ "12 Monkeys TV show "A very dumb idea" says Terry Gilliam". scifinow.co.uk. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Exclusive Q&A with 12 Monkeys TV Series Co-Executive Producer Terry Matalas - Daily Dead". dailydead.com. February 2, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Entertainment Geekly: 'The City on the Edge of Forever and why '12 Monkeys' works". ew.com. April 10, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Hulu Acquires Exclusive Streaming Rights to Syfy's 12 MONKEYS in New Deal with NBCUniversal – Hulu Press Site". www.hulu.com. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "12 Monkeys DVD news: Announcement for Season 2 - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "CSC Awards 2017". www.csc.ca. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
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