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Time Enough at Last
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This article is about the Twilight Zone episode. For the 2003 compilation album by The Fall, see List of compilation albums by The Fall.
"Time Enough at Last"
The Twilight Zone episode
Episode no.
Season 1
Episode 8
Directed by
John Brahm
Story by
Lynn Venable
Teleplay by
Rod Serling
Featured music
Leith Stevens
Production code
173-3614
Original air date
November 20, 1959
Guest appearance(s)
Burgess Meredith as Henry Bemis
Jacqueline deWit as Helen Bemis
Vaughn Taylor as Carsville
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The Lonely" Next →
"Perchance to Dream"
The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series) (season 1)
List of The Twilight Zone episodes
Burgess Meredith
"Time Enough at Last" is the eighth episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. The episode was adapted from a short story written by Lynn Venable (pen name of Marilyn Venable).[1] The short story appeared in the January 1953 edition of the science fiction magazine If: Worlds of Science Fiction[2][3] about seven years before the television episode first aired. "Time Enough at Last" became one of the most famous episodes of the original Twilight Zone and has been frequently parodied since. It is "the story of a man who seeks salvation in the rubble of a ruined world"[4] and tells of Henry Bemis /ˈbiːmɪs/, played by Burgess Meredith, who loves books, yet is surrounded by those who would prevent him from reading them. The episode follows Bemis through the post-apocalyptic world, touching on such social issues as anti-intellectualism, the dangers of reliance upon technology, and the difference between aloneness (solitude) and loneliness.
Contents
1 Opening narration
2 Plot
3 Closing narration
4 Production
5 Themes
5.1 Similar episodes
6 Impact
6.1 Critical and fan favorite
6.2 Amusement park attractions
6.3 Comics
6.4 Film
6.5 Games
6.6 Music
6.7 Television
7 Adaptations
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Opening narration[edit]
Witness Mr. Henry Bemis, a charter member in the fraternity of dreamers. A bookish little man whose passion is the printed page, but who is conspired against by a bank president and a wife and a world full of tongue-cluckers and the unrelenting hands of a clock. But in just a moment, Mr. Bemis will enter a world without bank presidents or wives or clocks or anything else. He'll have a world all to himself... without anyone.
Plot[edit]
Henpecked, far sighted bank teller and avid bookworm Henry Bemis (Meredith) works at his window in a bank, while reading David Copperfield, which causes him to shortchange an annoyed customer. Bemis's angry boss (Taylor), and later his nagging wife (deWit), both complain to him that he wastes far too much time reading "doggerel." As a cruel joke, his wife asks him to read poetry from one of his books to her; he eagerly obliges, only to find that she has inked over the text on every page, obscuring the words. Seconds later, she destroys the book by ripping the pages from it, much to Henry's dismay.
The next day, as usual, Henry takes his lunch break in the bank's vault, where his reading will not be disturbed. Moments after he sees a newspaper headline, which reads "H-Bomb Capable of Total Destruction," an enormous explosion outside the bank violently shakes the vault, knocking Bemis unconscious. After regaining consciousness and recovering the thick glasses required for him to see, Bemis emerges from the vault to find the bank demolished and everyone in it dead. Leaving the bank, he sees that the entire city has been destroyed, and realizes that a nuclear war has devastated Earth, but that his being in the vault has saved him.
Seconds, minutes, hours. They crawl by on hands and knees for Mr. Henry Bemis, who looks for a spark in the ashes of a dead world. A telephone connected to nothingness. A neighborhood bar, a movie, a baseball diamond, a hardware store, the mailbox of what was once his house and is now a rubble. They lie at his feet as battered monuments to what was, but is no more. Mr. Henry Bemis on an eight-hour tour of a graveyard.
Finding himself totally alone in a shattered world with food to last him a lifetime (but no one to share it with) and no means of leaving to look for other survivors, Bemis succumbs to despair. As he prepares to commit suicide using a revolver he has found, Bemis sees the ruins of the public library in the distance. Investigating, he finds that the books are still intact and readable; all the books he could ever hope for are his for the reading, and (as he gazes upon a huge fallen face of a clock) learns that he has all the time in the world to read them without interruption.
His despair gone, Bemis contentedly sorts the books he looks forward to reading for years to come, with no obligations to get in the way. Just as he bends down to pick up the first book, he stumbles, and his glasses fall off and shatter. In shock, he picks up the broken remains of the glasses he is virtually blind without, and says, "That's not fair. That's not fair at all. There was time now. There was—was all the time I needed…! It's not fair! It's not fair!" and bursts into tears, surrounded by books he now can never read.
Closing narration[edit]
The best laid plans of mice and men... and Henry Bemis... the small man in the glasses who wanted nothing but time. Henry Bemis, now just a part of a smashed landscape, just a piece of the rubble, just a fragment of what man has deeded to himself. Mr. Henry Bemis... in the Twilight Zone.
The closing narration was a sort of nod to Burgess Meredith's acting credits, as he was the lead in the 1939 movie Of Mice and Men.
Production[edit]
Burgess Meredith as Henry Bemis
"Time Enough at Last" was one of the first episodes written for The Twilight Zone.[5] It introduced Burgess Meredith to the series; he went on to star in three more episodes, being introduced as "no stranger to The Twilight Zone" in promotional spots for season two's "The Obsolete Man". He also narrated for the 1983 film Twilight Zone: The Movie, which made reference to "Time Enough at Last" during its opening sequence, with the characters discussing the episode in detail.
Footage of the exterior steps of the library was filmed several months after production had been completed. These steps can also be seen on the exterior of an Eloi public building in MGM's 1960 version of The Time Machine.[6] John Brahm was nominated for a Directors Guild award for his work on the episode.[7] The book that Bemis was reading in the vault and that flips open when the bomb explodes is A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus by Washington Irving.
Themes[edit]
Humanity's propensity for destruction and suicide are among the episode's themes.
Although the overriding message may seem to "be careful what you wish for, you just might get it", there are other themes throughout the episode as well.[6] Paramount among these is the question of solitude versus loneliness, as embodied by Bemis' moment of near-suicide. Additionally, the portrayal of societal attitudes towards books speaks to the contemporary decline of traditional literature and how, given enough time, reading may become a relic of the past.[8][9] At the same time, the ending "punishes Bemis for his antisocial behavior, and his greatest desire is thwarted".[10]
Rod Serling's concluding statement in the episode alludes to Robert Burns' Scots language poem "To a Mouse." The poem concludes: "The best-laid schemes o' mice an men / Gang aft agley" (translation: "Often go awry").
Although "Time Enough at Last" implies that nuclear warfare has destroyed humanity, film critic Andrew Sarris notes that the episode's necessarily unrealistic format may have been what allowed its production to commence:[9]
Much of the implacable seriousness of The Twilight Zone is seemingly keyed by the clipped, dour delivery of Serling himself and the interlocutor. He never encourages us to laugh, or even smile, even when the plot twist is at least darkly funny. For example, in 'Time Enough at Last' ... The H-bomb is still lurking in the background of the bookworm's 'accident.' The point is that the bomb could never have gone off on network television were the plot couched in a more realistic format.
In the era of the Internet and eBooks, the irony depicted in "Time Enough at Last" has an information age counterpart, according to Weston Ochse of Storytellers Unplugged. As Ochse points out, when Bemis becomes the last person on Earth, he finally has time to read, with all his books at his fingertips and the only impediment is technology when his medium for accessing them—his glasses—breaks. In a hypothetical world where all books are published electronically, Ochse observes, readers would be "only a lightning strike, a faulty switch, a sleepy workman or a natural disaster away from becoming Henry Bemis at the end of the world"—that is, a power outage has the potential to give them time to read, yet like Bemis, they too would lose their medium for accessing their books—namely the computer.[8]
Similar episodes[edit]
The Twilight Zone often explored similar themes throughout its run.[11] "Time Enough at Last" has strong thematic ties to a number of other episodes in the series, starting with that of isolation, first explored in the series pilot, "Where Is Everybody?". It is also a prominent theme in the previous episode "The Lonely". Additionally, in a plot very similar to that of "Time Enough at Last", "The Mind and the Matter" tells of a man who uses his mind to erase humanity, only to find that existence without other people is unbearable. The notion of being an outsider, lost in a sea of conformity, was one of the most common themes of the series.[6]
Other thematic elements in this episode can be found throughout the series, as well. "The Obsolete Man" takes the episode's literary subtext—the notion that reading may eventually be considered "obsolete"—to an extreme: The state has declared books obsolete and a librarian (also played by Meredith) finds himself on trial for his own obsolescence. This notion, akin to Ray Bradbury's short story "The Pedestrian" (1951), is also alluded to in the episode "Number 12 Looks Just Like You", in which a perfect and equal world contradictorily considers works like those of Shakespeare "smut".[10]
Impact[edit]
Critical and fan favorite[edit]
"Time Enough at Last" was a ratings success in its initial airing and "became an instant classic".[12] It "remains one of the best-remembered and best-loved episodes of The Twilight Zone" according to Marc Zicree, author of The Twilight Zone Companion.[6] When a poll asked readers of Twilight Zone Magazine which episode of the series they remembered the most, "Time Enough at Last" was the most frequent response, with "To Serve Man" coming in a distant second.[13] In TV Land's presentation of TV Guide's "100 Most Memorable Moments in Television", "Time Enough at Last" was ranked at #25.[14] In an interview, Serling cited "Time Enough at Last" as one of his two favorites from the entire series. (The other episode was "The Invaders", with Agnes Moorehead.)[15]
Amusement park attractions[edit]
The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, a theme park ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios and formerly Disney California Adventure Park, displays a replica of Henry Bemis' broken glasses in the lobby. It is noted that, while they are indeed reading glasses, Burgess Meredith wears them the entire episode to make Bemis look more bookish.[16]
Comics[edit]
The comic book version of The Simpsons, Simpsons Comics, published a story called "The Last Fat Man", based partially on "Time Enough at Last", and includes a short scene where Homer Simpson shoos a bespectacled man who is reading a book out of a nuclear bunker so he can eat in it, unintentionally taking shelter in it.
Film[edit]
In Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983), Albert Brooks recounts the episode to Dan Aykroyd as they drive along an empty stretch of highway. "This thing freaked me out when I was 7 years old," says Brooks' character, adding: "I bought another pair of glasses just in case that would happen."
The episode's title was borrowed by a 2004 independent film about a man who tries to escape an office building. The film's official website listed the webmaster's e-mail alias as "rodserling".[17]
Games[edit]
The PC game Fallout Tactics (2001) includes a librarian in a desolate world who wants the player to find his missing glasses so he can read his books.[18]
Music[edit]
The episode's title was borrowed by a song on The Fall's 1992 album Code: Selfish (1992)
Television[edit]
An episode of The Scary Door in Futurama parodies "Time Enough at Last".
The Modern Family episode "Airport 2010" references "Time Enough at Last" when the screen on Jay's electronic reader gets broken. Jay pours the broken glass to the floor while saying "Not fair. It's not fair".
Episode 12 of Revolution, titled "Ghosts", has Jim Hudson's character who goes by the name of Henry Bemis. Henry (Jim) has become the town librarian, until Miles convinces him to help the rebels and go back to his real name.
The line, "Seconds, minutes, hours, they crawl by on hands and knees" was referenced to in The Powerpuff Girls Season 2 episode, "Speed Demon", where the villain, HIM, torments the Powerpuff Girls before revealing that they have unknowingly arrived 50 years into the future, landing in a Townsville that HIM now controls.
In the season 14 episode of The Simpsons, "Strong Arms of the Ma", a postman is accidentally trapped under a car in front of the Simpson house. He intends to read The Twilight Zone Magazine but discovers that his glasses were broken in the accident and says, "That's not fair!", while the Twilight Zone main-theme music is heard in the background.
The Scary Door, a show-within-a-show on Futurama parodying The Twilight Zone, pokes fun at the final twist in "Time Enough at Last". When the man in the episode loses his glasses, he realizes he can still read large print since his eyesight is not as bad as he perceived; his eyes fall out, but he declares he can read Braille; his hands fall off, and as he screams, his tongue falls out and then his head falls off. Bender comments, "Cursed by his own hubris."
The Family Guy episode "Wasted Talent" features an end scene similar to the ending of "Time Enough At Last". In the Family Guy version, a lone brain cell discovers it is the last of its kind (as Peter drank so much alcohol throughout the episode that Brian worries that Peter may have killed his brain cells), and with a book in hand and stacks of other books surrounding him, prepares to begin reading, but looks down and his glasses shatter, after which, dismayed, he picks them up and says " No! It's not fair! There was finally going to be TIME!...", much like what happens to Mr. Bemis.
The closing credits of The Drew Carey Show, season 5, episode 1, "Y2K, You're OK", include a parody of the final scene, where Drew is left alone in his bomb shelter with his "literature", in this case pornographic magazines, after the nuclear explosion, only to have his glasses break in the same manner, whereupon he repeated the final lines from Burgess Meredith.
In the Fear the Walking Dead episode "Buried" (Season 4, Episode 4), Nick and Luciana are scavenging in an abandoned library when they see, amid a trail of bloodied books on the floor, a pair of broken spectacles that resemble those belonging to Henry Bemis in "Time Enough At Last." Nearby, they see a zombie who, as a human, had slashed his own wrists, presumably because he could no longer read once his glasses broke.
Adaptations[edit]
"Time Enough at Last" has been released in numerous formats over the years.
In 1988 it was available on VHS as part of a Twilight Zone collector's edition.[19]
Two releases were made in 1998 and 1999, as part of a more widely available two-episodes-per-tape release scheme.[20][21]
Although similar individual multi-episode DVDs were released, it is now exclusively available as part of The Twilight Zone – The Definitive Edition, the first volume of which was released December 24, 2004. Included is an audio-only interview with Burgess Meredith as well as the clip of The Drew Carey Show's parody of the episode.[22]
The story which inspired it has been released in eBook and MP3 form, capitalizing on the success of the episode.[5]
In 2003, the Falcon Picture Group produced a series of radio dramas based on the series—stating, "In the 1950s many radio series were turned into television series – so why not the reverse?"—which were broadcast on about 200 stations through the USA; "Time Enough at Last" was included in volume six.[23]
In 2005, "Time Enough at Last" became one of the first Twilight Zone episodes offered for download via Google Video and later on sites such as Amazon.com.[24]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hill, Angela (Oakland Tribune) (December 30, 2012). "Give 'Em Hill: El Cerrito woman lends 'Twilight Zone' inspiration". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Venable, Lynn (January 1953). "Time Enough at Last". IF: Worlds of Science Fiction.
Jump up ^ Venable, Lynn (January 1953). "Time Enough at Last". IF: Worlds of Science Fiction.
Jump up ^ Serling, Rod. Promotional spot for "Time Enough at Last". Original airdate: 13 November 1959.
^ Jump up to: a b "Time Enough At Last: Twilight Zone Story read by Bill Mills". Fictionwise eBooks. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Zicree, Marc Scott. The Twilight Zone Companion. Sillman-James Press, 1982 (second edition).
Jump up ^ "Directors Guild of America".
^ Jump up to: a b Weston Ochse. "The End of Books: The Bemis Condition". Storytellers Unplugged. Archived from the original on 2006-05-06. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Sarris, Andrew. Rod Serling: Viewed from Beyond the Twilight Zone.
^ Jump up to: a b Stanyard, Stewart T. & Gaiman, Neil (2007). Dimensions Behind the Twilight Zone: A Backstage Tribute to Television's Groundbreaking Series. Ecw Press.
Jump up ^ "The Twilight Zone". Nostalgia Central. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Presnell, Don & McGee, Marty. A Critical History of Television's the Twilight Zone, 1959–1964. p. 41.
Jump up ^ Gordon Sander. "Twilight Zone: A Serling Performance". The Sander Zone. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
Jump up ^ "TV Guide and TV Land presents The 100 Most Memorable TV Moments". TV Land. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Jon (2012-12-14). "In lost interview, Serling reveals his favorite Twilight Zone eps". Syfy Wire. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
Jump up ^ Bruce A Metcalf & Ronnie O'Rourke. "Twilight Zone Tower of Terror or, Iago & Zazu Learn the Ups & Downs of the Hotel Business". Iago & Zazu's Attraction of the Week. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
Jump up ^ "Time Enough at Last". Clock's Ticking Films. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Fallout Tactics". Game Banshee. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
Jump up ^ "The Twilight Zone". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ The Twilight Zone. Amazon.com. ASIN 6301628470. CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN (link)
Jump up ^ "The Twilight Zone". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ "DGA, Homepage". www.dga.org.
Jump up ^ "Twilight Zone Radio Dramas". Falcon Picture Group. Archived from the original on 2010-03-06. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ Levingston, Steven (2006-01-06). "CBS, Google to Make Shows Available Online". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Further reading[edit]
DeVoe, Bill. (2008). Trivia from The Twilight Zone. Albany, Georgia: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-136-0
Grams, Martin. (2008). The Twilight Zone: Unlocking the Door to a Television Classic. Churchville, Maryland: OTR Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9703310-9-0
External links[edit]
"Time Enough at Last" on IMDb
"Time Enough at Last" at TV.com
"Time Enough at Last" (text of original story by Lynn Venable) at Project Gutenberg
Time Enough at Last public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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The Twilight Zone (1959) episodes
Season 1
"Where Is Everybody?"
"One for the Angels"
"Mr. Denton on Doomsday"
"The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine"
"Walking Distance"
"Escape Clause"
"The Lonely"
"Time Enough at Last"
"Perchance to Dream"
"Judgment Night"
"And When the Sky Was Opened"
"What You Need"
"The Four of Us Are Dying"
"Third from the Sun"
"I Shot an Arrow into the Air"
"The Hitch-Hiker"
"The Fever"
"The Last Flight"
"The Purple Testament"
"Elegy"
"Mirror Image"
"The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street"
"A World of Difference"
"Long Live Walter Jameson"
"People Are Alike All Over"
"Execution"
"The Big Tall Wish"
"A Nice Place to Visit"
"Nightmare as a Child"
"A Stop at Willoughby"
"The Chaser"
"A Passage for Trumpet"
"Mr. Bevis"
"The After Hours"
"The Mighty Casey"
"A World of His Own"
Season 2
"King Nine Will Not Return"
"The Man in the Bottle"
"Nervous Man in a Four Dollar Room"
"A Thing About Machines"
"The Howling Man"
"The Eye of the Beholder"
"Nick of Time"
"The Lateness of the Hour"
"The Trouble with Templeton"
"A Most Unusual Camera"
"The Night of the Meek"
"Dust"
"Back There"
"The Whole Truth"
"The Invaders"
"A Penny for Your Thoughts"
"Twenty Two"
"The Odyssey of Flight 33"
"Mr. Dingle, the Strong"
"Static"
"The Prime Mover"
"Long Distance Call"
"A Hundred Yards Over the Rim"
"The Rip Van Winkle Caper"
"The Silence"
"Shadow Play"
"The Mind and the Matter"
"Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up?"
"The Obsolete Man"
Season 3
"Two"
"The Arrival"
"The Shelter"
"The Passersby"
"A Game of Pool"
"The Mirror"
"The Grave"
"It's a Good Life"
"Deaths-Head Revisited"
"The Midnight Sun"
"Still Valley"
"The Jungle"
"Once Upon a Time"
"Five Characters in Search of an Exit"
"A Quality of Mercy"
"Nothing in the Dark"
"One More Pallbearer"
"Dead Man's Shoes"
"The Hunt"
"Showdown with Rance McGrew"
"Kick the Can"
"A Piano in the House"
"The Last Rites of Jeff Myrtlebank"
"To Serve Man"
"The Fugitive"
"Little Girl Lost"
"Person or Persons Unknown"
"The Little People"
"Four O'Clock"
"Hocus-Pocus and Frisby"
"The Trade-Ins"
"The Gift"
"The Dummy"
"Young Man's Fancy"
"I Sing the Body Electric"
"Cavender Is Coming"
"The Changing of the Guard"
Season 4
"In His Image"
"The Thirty-Fathom Grave"
"Valley of the Shadow"
"He's Alive"
"Mute"
"Death Ship"
"Jess-Belle"
"Miniature"
"Printer's Devil"
"No Time Like the Past"
"The Parallel"
"I Dream of Genie"
"The New Exhibit"
"Of Late I Think of Cliffordville"
"The Incredible World of Horace Ford"
"On Thursday We Leave for Home"
"Passage on the Lady Anne"
"The Bard"
Season 5
"In Praise of Pip"
"Steel"
"Nightmare at 20,000 Feet"
"A Kind of a Stopwatch"
"The Last Night of a Jockey"
"Living Doll"
"The Old Man in the Cave"
"Uncle Simon"
"Probe 7, Over and Out"
"The 7th Is Made Up of Phantoms"
"A Short Drink from a Certain Fountain"
"Ninety Years Without Slumbering"
"Ring-a-Ding Girl"
"You Drive"
"The Long Morrow"
"The Self-Improvement of Salvadore Ross"
"Number 12 Looks Just Like You"
"Black Leather Jackets"
"Night Call"
"From Agnes—With Love"
"Spur of the Moment"
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"
"Queen of the Nile"
"What's in the Box"
"The Masks"
"I Am the Night—Color Me Black"
"Sounds and Silences"
"Caesar and Me"
"The Jeopardy Room"
"Stopover in a Quiet Town"
"The Encounter"
"Mr. Garrity and the Graves"
"The Brain Center at Whipple's"
"Come Wander with Me"
"The Fear"
"The Bewitchin' Pool"
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UEFA Champions League
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"European Cup" redirects here. For the trophy, see European Champion Clubs' Cup. For other uses, see European Cup (disambiguation).
This article is about the men's competition. For the women's competition, see UEFA Women's Champions League.
UEFA Champions League
Founded
1955; 63 years ago (1955)
(rebranded in 1992)
Region
Europe (UEFA)
Number of teams
32 (group stage)
79, 80 or 81 (total)
Qualifier for
UEFA Europa League
UEFA Super Cup
FIFA Club World Cup
Related competitions
UEFA Europa League
Current champions
Real Madrid (13th title)
Most successful club(s)
Real Madrid (13 titles)
Television broadcasters
List of broadcasters
Website
uefa.com
2018–19 UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs. It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football, played by the national league champions (and, for some nations, one or more runners-up) of the strongest UEFA national associations. The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide. The final of the 2012–13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date, drawing 360 million television viewers.[1]
Introduced in 1992, the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs' Cup, or simply European Cup, which had run since 1955, adding a group stage to the competition and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries.[2] The pre-1992 competition was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country. During the 1990s, the format was expanded, incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that finished runner-up of some nations' top-level league.[2] While most of Europe's national leagues can still only enter their national league champion, Europe's strongest national leagues now provide up to five teams for the competition.[3][4] Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation's top level league, having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition, are eligible for the next-level UEFA Europa League competition.
In its present format, the UEFA Champions League begins in late June with four knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round. The 6 surviving teams enter the group stage, joining 26 teams qualified in advance. The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system. The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May.[5] The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup.[6][7]
Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the tournament 13 times, including its first five seasons. Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories (18 wins), followed by England and Italy (12 wins apiece). England has the largest number of winning teams, with five clubs having won the title. The competition has been won by 22 clubs, 12 of which have won it more than once.[8] The reigning champions are Real Madrid, who secured their 13th title in the competition after defeating Liverpool 3–1 in the 2018 final. Thus, they became the first team in the UEFA Champions League era to win the title for three years in a row.
Contents
1 History
1.1 1955–66: Beginnings
2 Anthem
3 Branding
4 Format
4.1 Qualification
4.2 Tournament
4.3 Default distribution (from 2015–16)
4.4 Distribution (from 2018–19)
5 Referees
5.1 Ranking
5.2 Appointment
5.3 Limitations
6 Prizes
6.1 Trophy and medals
6.2 Prize money
7 Sponsorship
8 Media coverage
9 Records and statistics
9.1 Winners
9.2 By nation
9.3 All-time top scorers
9.4 Most appearances
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History
Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions League history
The first pan-European tournament was the Challenge Cup, a competition between clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[9] The Mitropa Cup, a competition modelled after the Challenge Cup, was created in 1927, an idea of Austrian Hugo Meisl, and played between Central European clubs.[10] In 1930, the Coupe des Nations (French: Nations Cup), the first attempt to create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe, was played and organised by Swiss club Servette.[11] Held in Geneva, it brought together ten champions from across the continent. The tournament was won by Újpest of Hungary.[11] Latin European nations came together to form the Latin Cup in 1949.[12] After receiving reports from his journalists over the highly successful Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones of 1948, Gabriel Hanot, editor of L'Équipe, began proposing the creation of a continent-wide tournament.[13] After Stan Cullis declared Wolverhampton Wanderers "Champions of the World" following a successful run of friendlies in the 1950s, in particular a 3–2 friendly victory against Budapest Honvéd, Hanot finally managed to convince UEFA to put into practice such a tournament.[2] It was conceived in Paris in 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup.[2]
1955–66: Beginnings
Barcelona – Hamburg, 12 April 1961
The first edition of the European Cup took place during the 1955–56 season.[14][15] Sixteen teams participated: Milan (Italy), AGF Aarhus (Denmark), Anderlecht (Belgium), Djurgården (Sweden), Gwardia Warszawa (Poland), Hibernian (Scotland), Partizan (Yugoslavia), PSV Eindhoven (Netherlands), Rapid Wien (Austria), Real Madrid (Spain), Rot-Weiss Essen (West Germany), Saarbrücken (Saar), Servette (Switzerland), Sporting CP (Portugal), Stade de Reims (France), and Vörös Lobogó (Hungary).[14][15] The first European Cup match took place on 4 September 1955, and ended in a 3–3 draw between Sporting CP and Partizan.[14][15] The first goal in European Cup history was scored by João Baptista Martins of Sporting CP.[14][15] The inaugural final took place at the Parc des Princes between Stade de Reims and Real Madrid.[14][15][16] The Spanish squad came back from behind to win 4–3 thanks to goals from Alfredo Di Stéfano and Marquitos, as well as two goals from Héctor Rial.[14][15][16]
Real Madrid successfully defended the trophy next season in their home stadium, the Santiago Bernabéu, against Fiorentina.[17][18] After a scoreless first half, Real Madrid scored twice in six minutes to defeat the Italians.[16][17][18] In 1958, Milan failed to capitalise after going ahead on the scoreline twice, only for Real Madrid to equalise.[19][20] The final held in Heysel Stadium went to extra time where Francisco Gento scored the game-winning goal to allow Real Madrid to retain the title for the third consecutive season.[16][19][20] In a rematch of the first final, Real Madrid faced Stade Reims at the Neckarstadion for the 1958–59 season final, easily winning 2–0.[16][21][22] West German side Eintracht Frankfurt became the first non-Latin team to reach the European Cup final.[23][24] The 1959–60 season finale still holds the record for the most goals scored, but the record is overshadowed by the 7–3 thrashing Eintracht Frankfurt received in Hampden Park, courtesy of four goals by Ferenc Puskás and a hat-trick by Alfredo Di Stéfano.[16][23][24] This was Real Madrid's fifth consecutive title, a record that still stands today.[8]
Los Merengues reign ended in the 1960–61 season when bitter rivals Barcelona dethroned them in the first round.[25][26] Barcelona themselves, however, would be defeated in the final by Portuguese side Benfica 3–2 at Wankdorf Stadium.[25][26][27] Reinforced by Eusébio, Benfica defeated Real Madrid 5–3 at the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam and kept the title for a second, consecutive season.[27][28][29] Benfica wanted to repeat Real Madrid's successful run of the 1950s after reaching the showpiece event of the 1962–63 European Cup, but a brace from Brazilian-Italian José Altafini at the Wembley Stadium gave the spoils to Milan, making the trophy leave the Iberian Peninsula for the first time ever.[30][31][32] Internazionale beat an ageing-Real Madrid 3–1 in the Ernst-Happel-Stadion to win the 1963–64 season and replicate their local-rival's success.[33][34][35] The title stayed in the city of Milan for the third year in a row after Inter beat Benfica 1–0 at their home ground, the San Siro.[36][37][38]
Anthem
Main article: UEFA Champions League Anthem
The UEFA Champions League anthem, officially titled simply as "Champions League", was written by Tony Britten, and is an adaptation of George Frideric Handel's Zadok the Priest (one of his Coronation Anthems).[39][40] UEFA commissioned Britten in 1992 to arrange an anthem, and the piece was performed by London's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields.[39] The chorus contains the three official languages used by UEFA: English, German, and French. The anthem's chorus is played before each UEFA Champions League game, as well as at the beginning and end of television broadcasts of the matches. The complete anthem is about three minutes long, and has two short verses and the chorus. For the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final in Rome, tenor Andrea Bocelli sang backing lyrics to the Champions League anthem, whilst similarly Juan Diego Flórez provided the tenor for the 2010 UEFA Champions League Final. Girl band All Angels performed at the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final. Jonas Kaufmann provided the tenor for 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, whilst David Garrett performed with his violin. The anthem has never been released commercially in its original version.
Branding
In 1991, UEFA asked its commercial partner, Television Event and Media Marketing (TEAM), to help "brand" the Champions League. This resulted in the anthem, "house colours" of black and white or silver and a logo, and the "starball". The starball was created by Design Bridge, a London-based firm selected by TEAM after a competition.[41] TEAM gives particular attention to detail in how the colours and starball are depicted at matches. According to TEAM, "Irrespective of whether you are a spectator in Moscow or Milan, you will always see the same stadium dressing materials, the same opening ceremony featuring the 'starball' centre circle ceremony, and hear the same UEFA Champions League Anthem". Based on research it conducted, TEAM concluded that by 1999, "the starball logo had achieved a recognition rate of 94 percent among fans".[42]
Format
Qualification
See also: UEFA coefficient
Map of UEFA countries whose teams reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League
UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage
Since 2009–10 season, the UEFA Champions League begins with a double round-robin group stage of 32 teams, which is preceded by two qualification 'streams' for teams that do not receive direct entry to the tournament proper. The two streams are divided between teams qualified by virtue of being league champions, and those qualified by virtue of finishing 2nd–4th in their national championship.
The number of teams that each association enters into the UEFA Champions League is based upon the UEFA coefficients of the member associations. These coefficients are generated by the results of clubs representing each association during the previous five Champions League and UEFA Europa League/UEFA Cup seasons. The higher an association's coefficient, the more teams represent the association in the Champions League, and the fewer qualification rounds the association's teams must compete in.
Five of the remaining ten qualifying places are granted to the winners of a four-round qualifying tournament between the remaining 40 or 39 national champions, within which those champions from associations with higher coefficients receive byes to later rounds. The other five are granted to the winners of a two-round qualifying tournament between the 15 clubs from the associations ranked 1 through 15, which have qualified based upon finishing second, third, or fourth in their respective national league.
In addition to sporting criteria, any club must be licensed by its national association to participate in the Champions League. To obtain a license, the club must meet certain stadium, infrastructure, and finance requirements.
In 2005–06 season, Liverpool and Artmedia Bratislava became the first teams to reach the Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds. In 2008–09 season, both BATE Borisov and Anorthosis Famagusta achieved the same feat. Real Madrid holds the record for the most consecutive appearances in the group stage, having qualified 21 times in a row (1997–present). They are followed by Arsenal on 19 (1998–2016)[43] and Manchester United on 18 (1996–2013).[44]
Between 2003 and 2008, no differentiation was made between champions and non-champions in qualification. The 16 top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualified directly for the tournament group stage. Prior to this, three preliminary knockout qualifying rounds whittled down the remaining teams, with teams starting in different rounds.
An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[45] UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that, if the Champions League winner fell outside of its domestic league's top four, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. Until 2015–16, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League.[46] In May 2012, Tottenham Hotspur finished fourth in the 2011–12 Premier League, two places ahead of Chelsea, but failed to qualify for the 2012–13 Champions League, after Chelsea won the 2012 final.[47] Tottenham were demoted to the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.[47]
In May 2013,[48] it was decided that, starting from the 2015–16 season (and continuing at least for the three-year cycle until the 2017–18 season), the winners of the previous season's UEFA Europa League would qualify for the UEFA Champions League, entering at least the play-off round, and entering the group stage if the berth reserved for the Champions League title holders was not used. The previous limit of a maximum of four teams per association was increased from four to five, meaning that a fourth-placed team from one of the top three ranked associations would only have to be moved to the Europa League if both the Champions League and Europa League winners came from that association and both finished outside the top four of their domestic league.[49]
The top three leagues in Europe are allowed to enter four teams into the Champions League. Michel Platini, the UEFA president, had proposed taking one place from the top three leagues and allocating it to that nation's cup winners. This proposal was rejected in a vote at a UEFA Strategy Council meeting.[50] In the same meeting, however, it was agreed that the third-placed team in the top three leagues would receive automatic qualification for the group stage, rather than entry into the third qualifying round, while the fourth-placed team would enter the play-off round for non-champions, guaranteeing an opponent from one of the top 15 leagues in Europe. This was part of Platini's plan to increase the number of teams qualifying directly into the group stage, while simultaneously increasing the number of teams from lower-ranked nations in the group stage.[51]
In 2012, Arsène Wenger referred to qualifying for the Champion's League by finishing in the top four places in the English Premier League as the "4th Place Trophy". The phrase was coined after a pre-match conference when he was questioned about Arsenal's lack of a trophy after exiting the FA Cup. He said "The first trophy is to finish in the top four".[52] At Arsenal's 2012 AGM, Wenger was also quoted as saying: "For me there are five trophies every season: Premier League, Champions League, the third is to qualify for the Champions League..."[53]
Tournament
The tournament proper begins with a group stage of 32 teams, divided into eight groups. Seeding is used whilst making the draw for this stage, whilst teams from the same country may not be drawn into groups together. Each team meets the others in its group home and away in a round-robin format. The winning team and the runners-up from each group then progress to the next round. The third-placed team enters the UEFA Europa League.
For this stage, the winning team from one group plays against the runners-up from another group, and teams from the same association may not be drawn against each other. From the quarter-finals onwards, the draw is entirely random, without association protection. The tournament uses the away goals rule: if the aggregate score of the two games is tied, then the team who scored more goals at their opponent's stadium advances.[54]
The group stage is played from September to December, whilst the knock-out stage starts in February. The knock-out ties are played in a two-legged format, with the exception of the final. This is typically held in the final two weeks of May.
Default distribution (from 2015–16)
Starting with the 2015–16 edition, the holders of the UEFA Europa League enter the Champions League, initially at the playoff round. The maximum number of teams that an association can field in the tournament has also been increased from four to five.[55]
Teams entering in this round
Teams advancing from previous round
First qualifying round
(8 teams)
8 champions from associations 47–54
Second qualifying round
(34 teams)
30 champions from associations 16–46 (except Liechtenstein)
4 winners from the first qualifying round
Third qualifying round
Champions
(20 teams)
3 champions from associations 13–15
17 winners from the second qualifying round
Non-champions
(10 teams)
9 runners-up from associations 7–15
1 third-placed team from association 6
Play-off round
Champions
(10 teams)
10 winners from the third qualifying round for champions
Non-champions
(10 teams)
2 third-placed teams from associations 4–5
3 fourth-placed teams from associations 1–3[UCL]
UEFA Europa League holders[UEL]
5 winners from the third qualifying round for non-champions
Group stage
(32 teams)
12 champions from associations 1–12
6 runners-up from associations 1–6
3 third-placed teams from associations 1–3
UEFA Champions League holders
5 winners from the play-off round for champions
5 winners from the play-off round for non-champions
Knockout phase
(16 teams)
8 group winners from the group stage
8 group runners-up from the group stage
^UEL : The Europa League holders may be promoted into the group stage if the Champions League holders qualify for the group stage through their domestic league. If the Champions League holders comes from an association ranked thirteenth or lower and they did not qualify for the non-champions route based on their domestic performance, the Europa League holders will enter the play-off round for champions instead. The access list is adjusted accordingly to ensure a maximum of ten teams in each stream's play-off round.
^UCL : If both the Champions League and Europa League holders are from the same association ranked 1st–3rd and neither qualify for the Champions League through their domestic league, the fourth-placed team qualifies for the Europa League instead.
Distribution (from 2018–19)
In August 2016, UEFA announced changes in the access list of the tournament, driven to avoid the creation of a European Super League. The top four clubs from the four top-ranked national associations will receive guaranteed qualification automatically for the group stage. The Europa League holders also will automatically qualify for the group stage.[56] However, the plan passed by UEFA caused outrage among smaller associations. After his election as the new UEFA president, Aleksander Čeferin said that he would review the new system.[57] In December 2016, UEFA confirmed the plan will go on.[58]
Referees
Ranking
The UEFA Refereeing Unit is broken down into five experience-based categories. A referee is initially placed into Category 4 with the exception of referees from France, Germany, England, Italy, or Spain. Referees from these five countries are typically comfortable with top professional matches and are therefore directly placed into Category 3. Each referee's performance is observed and evaluated after every match; his category may be revised twice per season, but a referee cannot be promoted directly from Category 3 to the Elite Category.[59]
Appointment
In co-operation with the UEFA Refereeing Unit, the UEFA Referee Committee is responsible for appointing referees to matches. Referees are appointed based on previous matches, marks, performances, and fitness levels. To discourage bias, the Champions League takes nationality into account. No referee may be of the same origins as any club in his or her respecting groups. Referee appointments, suggested by the UEFA Refereeing Unit, are sent to the UEFA Referee Committee to be discussed and/or revised. After a consensus is made, the name of the appointed referee remains confidential up to two days before the match for the purpose of minimising public influence.[59]
Limitations
Since 1990, a UEFA international referee cannot exceed the age of 45 years. After turning 45, a referee must step down at the end of his season. The age limit was established to ensure an elite level of fitness. Today, UEFA Champions League referees are required to pass a fitness test even to be considered at the international level.[59]
Prizes
Trophy and medals
Main article: European Champion Clubs' Cup
Official trophy
Each year, the winning team is presented with the European Champion Clubs' Cup, the current version of which has been awarded since 1967. Any team that wins the Champions League three years in a row or five times overall wins the right to retain a full-sized replica of the trophy (UEFA retains the original at all times). Six clubs have earned this honour: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan, Liverpool and Barcelona.[60] Since then instead the club which wins three years in a row or five overall receives a conmemorative badge to wear permanently on their uniform.
The current trophy is 74 cm (29 in) tall and made of silver, weighing 11 kg (24 lb). It was designed by Jörg Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland, after the original was given to Real Madrid in 1966 in recognition of their six titles to date, and cost 10,000 Swiss francs.
As of the 2012–13 season, 40 gold medals are presented to the Champions League winners, and 40 silver medals to the runners-up.[61]
Prize money
As of 2018–19, the fixed amount of prize money paid to the clubs is as follows:[62]
Preliminary qualifying round: €230,000
First qualifying round: €280,000
Second qualifying round: €380,000
Third qualifying round: €480,000 (Only for clubs eliminated from the champions path, since clubs eliminated from the league path qualify directly for the UEFA Europa League group stage and therefore benefit from its distribution system.)
Base fee for group stage: €15,250,000
Group match victory: €2,700,000
Group match draw: €900,000
Round of 16: €9,500,000
Quarter-finals: €10,500,000
Semi-finals: €12,000,000
Losing finalist: €15,000,000
Winning the Final: €19,000,000
This means that at best, a club can earn €82,450,000 of prize money under this structure, not counting shares of the qualifying rounds, play-off round and/or the market pool.
A large part of the distributed revenue from the UEFA Champions League is linked to the "market pool", the distribution of which is determined by the value of the television market in each country. For the 2014–15 season, Juventus, who were the runners-up, earned nearly €89.1 million in total, of which €30.9 million was prize money, compared with the €61.0 million earned by Barcelona, who won the tournament and were awarded €36.4 million in prize money.[63]
Sponsorship
Like the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations, in contrast to the single main sponsor typically found in national top-flight leagues. When the Champions League was created in 1992, it was decided that a maximum of eight companies should be allowed to sponsor the event, with each corporation being allocated four advertising boards around the perimeter of the pitch, as well as logo placement at pre- and post-match interviews and a certain number of tickets to each match. This, combined with a deal to ensure tournament sponsors were given priority on television advertisements during matches, ensured that each of the tournament's main sponsors was given maximum exposure.[64]
From the 2012–13 knockout phase, UEFA used LED advertising hoardings installed in knock-out participant stadiums, including the final stage. From the 2015–16 season onwards, UEFA has used such hoardings from the play-off round until the final.[65]
The competition's logo is displayed in the centre of the pitch before every Champions League match.
Betting advertisements are banned in Turkey. On 9 April 2013, Real Madrid (whose shirt sponsors were bwin at the time) were required to wear sponsor-free jerseys while playing against Galatasaray in Istanbul.
The tournament's current main sponsors are:[66]
Banco Santander[67]
Gazprom[68]
Heineken[69]
MasterCard[70]
Nissan[71]
PepsiCo[72]
Sony Interactive Entertainment[73]
Adidas is a secondary sponsor and supplies the official match ball, the Adidas Finale, and referee uniform.[74] Hublot is also a secondary sponsor as the official fourth official board of the competition. [75]
Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising. However, only one sponsorship is permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer. Exceptions are made for non-profit organisations, which can feature on the front of the shirt, incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area.[76]
If clubs play a match in a country where the relevant sponsorship category is restricted (such as France's alcohol advertising restriction), then they must remove that logo from their jerseys. For example, when Rangers played French sides Auxerre and Strasbourg in the 1996–97 Champions League and the UEFA Cup, respectively, Rangers players wore the logo of Center Parcs instead of McEwan's Lager (both companies at the time were subsidiaries of Scottish & Newcastle).[77]
Media coverage
Main article: List of UEFA Champions League broadcasters
The competition attracts an extensive television audience, not just in Europe, but throughout the world. The final of the tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[78] The 2013 final was the most watched final to date, drawing 360 million television viewers.[1]
Records and statistics
Main article: European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics
See also: UEFA Champions League clubs performance comparison
Winners
Main article: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals
Performance in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League by club
v
t
e
Club
Winners
Runners-up
Years won
Years runner-up
Real Madrid
13 3 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018 1962, 1964, 1981
Milan
7 4 1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005
Bayern Munich
5 5 1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012
Liverpool
5 3 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005 1985, 2007, 2018
Barcelona
5 3 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 1961, 1986, 1994
Ajax
4 2 1971, 1972, 1973, 1995 1969, 1996
Manchester United
3 2 1968, 1999, 2008 2009, 2011
Internazionale
3 2 1964, 1965, 2010 1967, 1972
Juventus
2 7 1985, 1996 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017
Benfica
2 5 1961, 1962 1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990
Nottingham Forest
2 0 1979, 1980 —
Porto
2 0 1987, 2004 —
Celtic
1 1 1967 1970
Hamburg
1 1 1983 1980
Steaua București
1 1 1986 1989
Marseille
1 1 1993 1991
Borussia Dortmund
1 1 1997 2013
Chelsea
1 1 2012 2008
Feyenoord
1 0 1970 —
Aston Villa
1 0 1982 —
PSV Eindhoven
1 0 1988 —
Red Star Belgrade
1 0 1991 —
Atlético Madrid
0 3 — 1974, 2014, 2016
Reims
0 2 — 1956, 1959
Valencia
0 2 — 2000, 2001
Fiorentina
0 1 — 1957
Eintracht Frankfurt
0 1 — 1960
Partizan
0 1 — 1966
Panathinaikos
0 1 — 1971
Leeds United
0 1 — 1975
Saint-Étienne
0 1 — 1976
Borussia Mönchengladbach
0 1 — 1977
Club Brugge
0 1 — 1978
Malmö FF
0 1 — 1979
Roma
0 1 — 1984
Sampdoria
0 1 — 1992
Bayer Leverkusen
0 1 — 2002
Monaco
0 1 — 2004
Arsenal
0 1 — 2006
By nation
Performance in Finals by nation
Nation
Winners
Runners-up
Total
Spain
18 11 29
Italy
12 16 28
England
12 8 20
Germany [A]
7 10 17
Netherlands
6 2 8
Portugal
4 5 9
France
1 5 6
Romania [B]
1 1 2
Scotland
1 1 2
Yugoslavia
1 1 2
Belgium
0 1 1
Greece
0 1 1
Sweden
0 1 1
Totals
63
63
126
Notes
A. ^ Includes West Germany clubs. No East Germany clubs appeared in a final.
B. ^ Includes Socialist Republic of Romania (RSR) clubs. As of 2018[update], no post-RSR Romanian clubs have appeared in a final.
All-time top scorers
See also: List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League top scorers
As of 26 May 2018[79]
The table below does not include goals scored in the qualification stage of the competition.
Player
Country
Goals
Apps
Ratio
Years
Clubs
1 Cristiano Ronaldo Portugal 120 153 0.79 2003– Manchester United
Real Madrid
2 Lionel Messi Argentina 100 125 0.8 2005– Barcelona
3 Raúl Spain 71 142 0.5 1995–2011 Real Madrid
Schalke 04
4 Ruud van Nistelrooy Netherlands 56 73 0.77 1998–2009 PSV Eindhoven
Manchester United
Real Madrid
Karim Benzema France 56 104 0.53 2006– Lyon
Real Madrid
6 Thierry Henry France 50 112 0.45 1997–2012 Monaco
Arsenal
Barcelona
7 Alfredo Di Stéfano Argentina 49 58 0.84 1955–1964 Real Madrid
8 Andriy Shevchenko Ukraine 48 100 0.48 1994–2012 Dynamo Kyiv
Milan
Chelsea
Zlatan Ibrahimović Sweden 48 120 0.4 2001–2018 Ajax
Juventus
Internazionale
Barcelona
Milan
Paris Saint-Germain
Manchester United
10 Eusébio Portugal 47 63 0.75 1961–1974 Benfica
Most appearances
As of 26 May 2018[80]
The table below does not include appearances made in the qualification stage of the competition. The table below does include appearances made in the European Champion Clubs' Cup.
Player
Nation
Appearances
Years
Clubs
1 Iker Casillas Spain 167 1999– Real Madrid
Porto
2 Cristiano Ronaldo Portugal 153 2003– Manchester United
Real Madrid
3 Xavi Spain 151 1998–2015 Barcelona
4 Raúl Spain 142 1995–2011 Real Madrid
Schalke 04
5 Ryan Giggs Wales 141 1993–2014 Manchester United
6 Andrés Iniesta Spain 130 2002– Barcelona
7 Clarence Seedorf Netherlands 125 1994–2012 Ajax
Real Madrid
Internazionale
Milan
Lionel Messi Argentina 125 2005– Barcelona
9 Paul Scholes England 124 1994–2013 Manchester United
10 Roberto Carlos Brazil 120 1997–2007 Real Madrid
Fenerbahçe
Zlatan Ibrahimović Sweden 120 2001–2018 Ajax
Juventus
Internazionale
Barcelona
Milan
Paris Saint-Germain
Manchester United
See also
Football continental championships
List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winning managers
List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks
References
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