text:
Rent Collection Courtyard
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The Rent Collection Courtyard (Chinese: 收租院; pinyin: shōuzū yuàn) is a clay collection of 114 life-sized sculptures in located in the courtyard of the former home of rural landlord Liu Wencai in Dayi County, Sichuan created by Ye Yushan and a team of sculptors from the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts in 1965. It is a famous work of Socialist Realist sculpture showing an evil landlord collecting rent from poor peasants, it is one of the most powerful works of the cultural revolution.[1] Copies were made and put on display in Beijing after modification to make them more powerful as works of propaganda.[2]
In the 1999 Venice Biennale, the contemporary Chinese artist Cai Guo-Qiang referenced the sculpture in the performance piece Venice's Rent Collection Courtyard in which he hired artisans to recreate the sculpture.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Michael. The Arts of China (5 ed.). pp. 307–308. ISBN 0-520-25569-0.
Jump up ^ Ellen Liang, The Winking Owl (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988) p.62. ISBN 0-520-06097-0
Jump up ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_10_88/ai_66306816 Who Owns the People's Art?, Art in America
External links[edit]
The Morning Sun - Stages of History
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 212923137
LCCN: n2008085825
GND: 7680469-0

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Gautrain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gautrain
Overview
Main station(s)
Johannesburg Park Station
O. R. Tambo International Airport
Pretoria Station
Other station(s)
Centurion, Hatfield , Marlboro, Midrand,
Rhodesfield, Rosebank, Sandton
Fleet size
24 Electrostar Sets[1]
125 Buses[2]
Stations called at
10
Parent company
Public-private partnership between
the Gauteng Provincial Government and
the Bombela International Consortium
Website
www.gautrain.co.za
Technical
Line length
80 km (50 mi)
Gauge
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge
Electrification
25 kV AC
Operating speed
160 km/h (99 mph)
[show]Route map
Legend
to Mamelodi
Hartbeesspruit
0.0km Hatfield
[show]Parallel to Metrorail tracks
Rissik
Loftus Versveldpark
Walker Street
Devenish Street
Mears Street
to Saulsville
5.7km Pretoria Viaduct 7
Viaduct 7
to Johannesburg
N14
Viaduct 6
N14
16.6km Centurion Viaduct 5
N1
Viaduct 4
34.1km Midrand
Viaduct 3
Depot
Viaduct 2
0.0km OR Tambo International Airport
R21/R24
0.8km Rhodesfield Pretoria – Johannesburg
Viaduct 15
Viaduct 14
Viaduct 13
N3 Bypass
46.3km
14.5km
Marlboro
Viaducts 1 & 11
±47.6km
±15.8km
M1
51.6km
19.8km
Sandton
56.1km Rosebank
M1
61.8km Park Station
Krugersdorp – Pretoria
Gautrain is an 80-kilometre (50 mi) commuter rail system in Gauteng, South Africa, which links Johannesburg, Pretoria, Ekhuruleni and O. R. Tambo International Airport. It was built to relieve the traffic congestion in the Johannesburg–Pretoria traffic corridor and offer commuters a viable alternative to road transport, as Johannesburg has limited public transport infrastructure. The project was completed with the opening on 7 June 2012 of the final section between Rosebank and Johannesburg Park Station,[3] which had been delayed by problems with excess water seeping into the tunnel between the two stations.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Gauteng's Gautrain
2 History
2.1 Construction
2.1.1 Construction technology
2.2 Opening to passenger traffic
3 Specifications
3.1 Tracks
4 Network
4.1 Stations
5 Rolling stock
6 Criticism
6.1 Ridership
6.2 Alternative transportation projects
6.3 Environmental issues
6.4 Cost
6.4.1 Cost Estimates and Timeline
7 See also
8 Notes and references
9 External links
Gauteng's Gautrain[edit]
The Gauteng Provincial Government formed a partnership with local and international experts in business[when?] to build a modern transport network, the biggest public–private partnership in Africa.[5]
The train is expected to cut the number of cars on the N1 Ben Schoeman Highway by 20%, with 100,000 daily passenger trips.[6]
The Gauteng Department of Transport obtained environmental authorization and conducted an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for this purpose. Authorisation was granted on 25 April 2004. On 7 December 2005 the South African government gave the go-ahead for the project, expected to cost more than 24 billion Rand.
In February 2006, Finance Minister Trevor Manuel announced the allocation of R7.1 billion from the National Fiscus for Gautrain. On 16 February 2006 then Gauteng Premier Mbhazima Shilowa announced that the Gauteng Province had reached commercial close with the Bombela Consortium, the preferred bidder, and that negotiations to reach financial close commenced.
Construction started on 28 September 2006, and investors, developers, small businesses, and entrepreneurs are starting new ventures such as office blocks, shopping malls, entertainment, and residential developments along Gautrain’s network. The demand for land as well as property prices in these areas increased dramatically.[7][8][9]
Lightstone, an independent risk assessment company, has analyzed residential transactions and repeat sales price inflation of properties within 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 miles) of each station, and compared this with the overall price inflation in Gauteng, Johannesburg, and Pretoria. The proportion of all transactions in Gauteng involving properties within 2 km (1.2 mi) of the station grew from 3.8% to 6.0% from 2000 to 2007, while activity in areas between 2 and 3 km (1.2 and 1.9 mi) from the stations remained relatively constant between 4.0% and 5.0% over that same period.[10]
Future projections for business transactions and access to new markets for products, goods and services as a result of the Gautrain network is R6 billion. Sustainability of the transport service and city rejuvenation are key to Gautrain’s success.
Gautrain further achieved important objectives described in Gauteng’s Growth and Development Strategy. It included requirements for Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment in terms of broadening ownership and control; skills transfer and preferential procurement. Emphasis was also placed on the empowerment of women, youth and people living with disabilities.[11]
History[edit]
The project was announced in 2000, before South Africa won the rights to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[12]
In 2006 the province signed a 20‑year PPP contract with the Bombela Concession Co consortium, which includes Murray & Roberts, empowerment organisation Strategic Partners Group, Bombardier, Bouygues, and various minority shareholders.[12]
Construction[edit]
The rail system was built by Bombela Consortium,[13] a partnership between Bombardier Transportation, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Murray & Roberts, the Strategic Partners Group and RATP Group, the J&J Group, and Absa Bank.[14] It is 50% owned by its international partners and 50% by Murray & Roberts and the Strategic Partners Group, the consortium's black economic empowerment component. Initial works for the Gautrain started in May 2006 and construction commenced after the signing of the Concession Agreement between the Gauteng Provincial Government and the Bombela Concession Company on 28 September 2006.
The project was constructed simultaneously in two phases. The first phase involved the section between OR Tambo International Airport, Sandton and Midrand,[15] the second the remainder. The construction of the first phase was scheduled to take 45 months, the second was for 54 months,[15] with completion in 2010 and 2011.
The agreement provided for a R150 million incentive for the Gautrain to open in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[15] However, Gautrain was not built for the World Cup – it was conceived prior to that.[16][17]
However, in November 2009, the Bombela Concessionaire proposed a new, less expensive plan for the route between OR Tambo International Airport and Sandton to be in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[18][19]
Construction
Viaduct support pilons, Midrand - November 2007
Viaduct in Spartan — September 2008
Viaduct at OR Tambo International Airport - April 2009
Construction at Midrand station in May 2010
Construction technology[edit]
By the end of May 2008, nearly a third of tunnelling was completed,[20] and excavation of the tunnels was completed on 11 September 2009.[21]
A mixed-face Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) was designed and built in Germany by Herrenknecht specifically to cope with complex underground conditions and was the first such machine employed in South Africa. The TBM, named Imbokodo (meaning "rock"),[22] installs pre-cast concrete tunnel lining segments behind it as it moves forward. It leaves behind a watertight and smooth lining to the 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) diameter tunnel.[23][24][25]
Opening to passenger traffic[edit]
Sandton Gautrain Station in August 2010
The first public passenger trip was made on 3 February 2009 by 150 people on a 3 km (2 mi) test track at the depot.[26][27][28]
The first part of the system, between Sandton and OR Tambo Airport, opened to the public on 8 June 2010, in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[29] The route from Rosebank to Pretoria and Hatfield commenced operations on 2 August 2011, while the remaining section from Rosebank south to Johannesburg Park Station opened on 7 June 2012,[3] due to higher than anticipated underground water ingress into the railway tunnel.[30]
Specifications[edit]
Total route length - 80 km (50 mi)[31] (including 15 km (9.3 mi) underground)[32]
Off-peak frequency – 1 train per 20 min[33]
Peak frequency – 1 train per 10 min[33]
Tracks[edit]
Gautrain tracks in Midrand
Although the national railway network in South Africa uses the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Cape gauge, Gautrain is built with the more expensive international standard gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in). According to the Gautrain planning and implementation study,[34] this is done for several reasons, including that broader gauge is safer and more comfortable to passengers. The rolling stock is also easier, quicker and less expensive to obtain than Cape gauge rolling stock, and is also less expensive to maintain, as it is more tolerant of track imperfections than Cape Gauge. The 1435 mm gauge allows for travel at Gautrain's required speed of 160 km/h (99 mph). The overhead line voltage is 25 kV alternating current (AC) as is standard in many countries.
Although increased flexibility could be obtained by keeping the system interoperable with the South African railway system, a strong case exists for keeping Gautrain separate from the existing network. According to the Gautrain planning and implementation study, an interoperable network may impact service delivery, increase the operating cost and tarnish Gautrain's image.[citation needed] Gautrain's rolling stock will be used only on the new tracks. An interoperable network might also increase safety requirements, as existing steam and diesel trains would be able to access the new network.
Network[edit]
Gautrain route network
The rail network is 80 kilometres long and is connected to other forms of public transport like taxis, buses and the Metrorail public train system. Commuters can also use several Gautrain buses to destinations within a 15 kilometre radius.[2]
Travelling at up to 160 kilometres per hour, Gautrain takes 35 minutes[35] to travel between Johannesburg and Pretoria. From Sandton to the OR Tambo International Airport takes 15 minutes,[35] and provision has been made for air passengers to remotely check in at Sandton Station in future.[36]
Fares on the Johannesburg/Pretoria route are between R21.00 and R53.00, depending on distance. The fare on the Gautrain Bus Link is R6.00 (R20.00 if the train is not used within one hour of the bus journey).[33] The method of payment on Gautrain buses uses the same personalized electronic ticket as for train travel, requiring a minimum balance of R20.00 for boarding a bus. Special discounts apply on the purchase of weekly and monthly passes as well as the use of the train during off-peak periods. Tickets can only be purchased at stations and selected retail outlets[37] and not on any bus.
Stations[edit]
Security cameras are operational and security guards patrol all the stations and parking areas. Only passengers who have an electronic ticket have access to Gautrain’s stations and the parking areas. Motorists can travel to the stations and leave their cars at the safe parking bays that are next to the train stations. Parking at the stations costs R15 a day, however if a passenger does not remove their vehicle within an hour after arriving at the station, they will be charged R100. Car rental offices are also planned at stations.[38]
Ten stations are in operation:
Hatfield (at grade)
Pretoria (at grade)
Centurion (elevated)
Midrand (at grade)
Marlboro (at grade)
Sandton (underground)
Rosebank (underground)
Park Station (underground)
Rhodesfield (elevated)
OR Tambo International Airport (elevated)
Various South African & international engineering disciplines and engineering firms collaborated in the design of the system as a whole. Midrand, Centurion and Pretoria stations were designed by Terry Farrell of England.[39] Each platform is 160 metres in length.[39] Marlboro, Rhodesfield and ORTIA stations (OR Tambo International Airport internal fitout and platform envelope) were designed by Jaco Groenewald (architect) and GAJV team. The ORTIA station envelope was designed by Izi Martinez (architect) during the OR Tambo International Airport upgrade. Rosebank and Johannesburg Park stations were designed by Atkins - Urban Edge architects joint venture.
Rolling stock[edit]
An Electrostar in the depot
Bombardier Transportation's Electrostar, a model of train common in south-east England, was selected for the system.[40] Fifteen cars were manufactured and were assembled by Bombardier in Derby, UK, with the remaining cars assembled by UCW Partnership (Union Carriage & Wagon Co. (Pty) Ltd) in South Africa using structural components made in Britain.[41] Gautrain has 24 trains, each made up with four cars: 19 trains service the commuter network and five the airport link;[42] the latter consists of forward rail cars specially adapted for the airport link with storage area for luggage and more luxurious seating.[43]
On 8 July 2008 the first train was handed over to the Gauteng Premier, Mbhazima Shilowa, in a ceremony in Derby. The last was delivered in December 2010.[44]
A diagram of the Gautrain's Electrostar, made up of four cars.
Criticism[edit]
This article's Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article's neutral point of view of the subject. Please integrate the section's contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material. (January 2011)
Much of the criticism is that money is being spent on the rich at the expense of the poor.[45] Critics contend that it does not serve any of the townships of Gauteng where the transport problem is severe and where the majority of the people live. However, supporters maintain that the train was never meant to be an alternative to mass public transport; instead, it was intended to reduce pressure on Johannesburg's overloaded highway system. Figures released by the Gauteng provincial government in 2003 indicated that the project would do little to relieve traffic on the over-used Ben Schoeman Highway (one of the major motivations for the project), as traffic volumes would be higher when the Gautrain was completed and operating at full capacity in 2010.[46] Leftist political groupings like the SACP and labour movements like COSATU branded the Gautrain as a train for the rich and called on government not to proceed with the project. A national parliamentary oversight body, the Transport Portfolio Committee, held public hearings in November 2005 and subsequently advised Cabinet to scrap or postpone the project. However, National Cabinet decided on 7 December 2005 to financially support Gautrain.
Ridership[edit]
Critics have questioned ridership estimates, stating that government officials almost always overestimate ridership to gain political approval for projects, and cite numerous international examples where similar projects operate at massive losses or were aborted. However, by October 2010, passenger numbers were in line with previous predictions, and growing.[47] Within 100 days of opening the first phase of the system for the public, 1 million passengers were recorded.[48] As of February 2013, passenger volume was around 40 000 per day by train and 12 000 by bus. This is lower than expected in terms of passenger numbers, but this is partially offset by a longer average trip length (50 km vs the expected 30 km). Peak volumes are higher than expected, though, which can be addressed by adding more coaches during peak times, and reducing the headway between trains from 12 to 10 minutes ahead of the intended 2015 schedule. Tolling on Gauteng highways is also expected to lead to higher passenger numbers.[49]
Alternative transportation projects[edit]
Critics[who?] pointed out that the project would use the majority of available national and provincial transport funds in a context where massive amounts were needed to deal with widespread traffic congestion and commuter transport problems nationally and in the province. The existing railway system in the province, under national rather than provincial control, which serves the majority of the population, was severely underfunded and large-scale and violent public unrest caused by inadequate and old trains had manifested in the province. Critics alleged that options like rapid bus transit could achieve similar levels of service at a fraction of the costs, however, the estimated 62,000 daily riders requires a capacity unfeasible by BRT.[50] These matters were never submitted to a public debate as the project was designed and launched within the confines of the Gauteng Government bureaucracy.[citation needed]
Environmental issues[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This section contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. (May 2010)
The environmental benefits of the project are also disputed and the environmental impact assessment (EIA) revealed that Gautrain would at best be environmentally neutral. South Africa uses coal-based electricity generation and the electricity required for Gautrain would come from outside the Gauteng region. The pollution associated with the generation of this electricity would therefore effectively be exported to the Mpumalanga region, an area already under severe strain from air pollution. According to the Gautrain's website, the Gautrain has half the carbon footprint versus a motor vehicle.
In November 2005 Dunkeld community in Johannesburg decided to contest the alignment in its suburb. Legal action launched by the Muckleneuk / Lukasrand Property Owners and Residents Association (MLPORA) in 2004 (Case No. 28192/04) and an urgent application launched by MLPORA in 2006 went before the High Court of South Africa on 1 August 2006. MLPORA inter alia opposed the original environmental authorisation granted and the legality of the procedures being followed to approve variant alignments proposed by Bombela. In Pretoria the Gautrain skirts the inner city and cuts through the city's second oldest suburb (Muckleneuk) and high-density residential areas and the middle of the city's educational precinct on its way to Hatfield. The alignment as proposed would result in the prevention of the future development of the cities' education precinct, an urban district with the potential to become a space of national significance. Legal action was also brought by AECI in January 2006 which had not yet gone before court. Approximately 10% of the route traverses AECI-owned land. A dispute with the Centurion Association for a Reasonable Environment (WeCARE) was settled in favour of WeCARE in March 2006. Further legal challenges were expected.
Critics question the growth and job creation benefits that the project will bring. The EIA for the project determined that it is a poorly performing public sector investment project. The project sponsors have been silent on the social benefits that could be gained from alternative public sector investment programmes.
On 29 January 2006 the draft environmental reports on possible variant routes were released for public comment, without prior warning, with 30 days to comment on them. The variant alignment proposals are primarily cost-cutting measures proposed by the concessionaire, Bombela. Acceptance of these proposals will lower overall project costs and raise their profits. The released draft EIA reports were compiled by experts without public participation and are being fast tracked through the system by the Gauteng Government. Environmental management plans (EMPs) have already been compiled for these route variants. In law EMPs are meant to mitigate environmental impacts identified in consultation with affected parties. The decision to approve the released EIAs and EMPs vests with the sphere of government that is bringing the project application, namely the Gauteng Government. The process followed raised serious questions regarding the audi alteram principle and the protection of the environmental rights of the public. The thirty-day window is, critics believe, not enough time to make a comprehensive response to the highly technical draft environmental reports.
The proposed route variants were in Hatfield, Centurion, Salvokop, Marlboro and Sandton.
Cost[edit]
The project is the largest and costliest transport infrastructure project ever proposed by the provincial government but was never discussed in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature or submitted to any significant public debate before it was approved and put out to tender. Initial cost estimates came in at some R3.5 - 4 billion in 2000 when the project was announced by Premier Shilowa. This figure was revised upwards to R 7 billion for the purposes of the EIA process in 2003 and was finally revealed as being R20 billion (US$3.7 billion) in 2005, after the successful bidder for the project was announced and a contract came into existence.[51] National and provincial government will contribute R20 billion in equal proportions and Bombela will contribute the balance of direct project costs. Loan funding will constitute a large part of these amounts but the financing costs involved have not been stated. The sunk costs for the project will be more than R20 billion. In March 2008, Jeremy Cronin, chairman of the National Assembly's transport portfolio committee and deputy secretary-general of the SACP, complained that the cost had apparently quietly crept up to R35 billion.[52] Cronin has long opposed the project and told the SA Parliament's lower house during a budget debate that his information was that the project's cost was escalating “quietly and below the radar screen”, though MPs “were told, hand on heart, here in Parliament just a few years ago, what the written-in-stone absolute upper limit was [R20 billion]". The Gautrain management agency CEO, Jack van der Merwe, has subsequently denied this, stating that the project is a fixed-price, fixed-scope and fixed-period contract, and that the price will only increase if the consumer price index increased above the South African Reserve Bank's prediction, if the Gauteng Province were in breach of contract, or if the project's scope were to change.[53]
Cost Estimates and Timeline[edit]
Year
Estimated Cost
2002 R3.5 billion
2003 R7 billion
2005 R20 billion
2006 R25.2 billion, approved [53][54]
2010 R26 billion [55]
2011 R25.4 billion [56] ($3.66 billion)[57]
See also[edit]
Trains portal
South Africa portal
Template:Suburban railways in Africa
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ "Gautrain Completes its Last Rail Car". Official Gautrain Website. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Quick and punctual bus link". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gautrain Park Station opens". Independent Online. SAPA. 6 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain: Joburg to Pretoria line ready". Business Report. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain moves forward with the 'big lady'". The Good News South Africa. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007.
Jump up ^ "Why a rapid rail system?". Official Gautrain Website. Archived from the original on 3 November 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
Jump up ^ Khumalo, Sibongile (4 May 2008). "Development rush rides on Gautrain". Business Report.
Jump up ^ Cox, Anna (30 July 2007). "Gautrain could mean big bucks for residents". iol.co.za.
Jump up ^ "Rosebank — future perfect". iafrica.com. 3 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain — Already showing impact on property prices - 27 February 2008" (PDF). lightstone.co.za. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Sapa (21 April 2008). "Monitoring group for Gautrain". The Mercury.
^ Jump up to: a b Railwaygazette.com
Jump up ^ Lucille, Davie (9 August 2005). "Gauteng's bullet train on track". SouthAfrica.info.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma (6 March 2009). "Gautrain CEO speaks on deadlines, costs and ticket prices". Engineering News.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zhuwakinyu, Martin. "No contract stipulating that any part of Gautrain be completed by 2010". Creamer Media's Engineering News. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
Jump up ^ "No guarantee Gautrain will be ready for 2010". Mail & Guardian. Mail & Guardian. 11 October 2006.
Jump up ^ "Statement by Jack vd Merwe". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain route between OR Tambo International Airport and Sandton may be ready for 2010 Soccer World Cup". Official Gautrain Website. 18 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Newmarch, Jocelyn (18 November 2009). "Bombela in bid to meet World Cup deadline". Business Day.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma (6 June 2008). "Nearly a third of Gautrain tunnel work completed". Engineering News Online.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain celebrates major milestone as 15,5km tunnel is completed". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
Jump up ^ Davie, Lucille (14 December 2007). "Gautrain rock arrives for duty". City of Johannesburg website. Retrieved 2010-05-11. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma (18 January 2008). "Tunnel-boring machine embarks on 14-month odyssey". Engineering News Online.
Jump up ^ Erasmus, Janine (17 June 2008). "Gautrain steaming ahead". MediaClubSouthAfrica.com.
Jump up ^ van der Merwe, Christy (13 December 2007). "Gautrain to start tunnelling with 'Imbokodo' machine in January". Engineering News Online.
Jump up ^ McAuliffe, Louise (4 February 2009). "Gautrain's first historic journey". Sowetan. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Evans, Sally (4 February 2009). "First Gautrain taken out of wraps". The Times. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Davie, Lucille (4 February 2009). "Smooth first ride on Gautrain". City of Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
Jump up ^ Smith, David (8 June 2010). "Welcome aboard the Gautrain, Africa's first high-speed urban train". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma. "Phase two of Gautrain to open on August 2 − but only to Rosebank". Polity.org.za. Creamer Media. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Railwaygazette.com
Jump up ^ "Project details". Official Bombela Website. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gautrain Guide" (PDF). Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain Rapid Rail Link: Planning and Implementation Study" (PDF). Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gautrain Fares and Time Tables" (PDF). Official Gautrain Website. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Sandton Station". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
Jump up ^ "General Information". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
Jump up ^ "Car rental at Gautrain stations". Railways in South Africa. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Terryfarrell.co.uk Archived 26 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Bombardier Selected Preferred Bidder For Rapid Rail System In South Africa" (Press release). Bombardier. 2 July 2005. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Production Process: Typical Electrostar Rail Cars and Gautrain Electrostar Cars". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain's unique rail car features". Official Gautrain Website. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Look and feel". Official Gautrain Website. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain Rolling Stock Order Complete". Railways Africa. 11 December 2010. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Celean, Jacobson (27 November 2005). "No reversing Gautrain". Sunday Times.
Jump up ^ "Report of the Portfolio Committee on Transport on the Public Hearings on the Proposed Gautrain Project". Parliamentary Monitoring Group. 16 November 2005.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain patronage". Railways Africa. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Gautrain celebrates one million passengers". Gautrain. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma (8 February 2013). "Gautrain passenger numbers tick up, but below initial estimates". Creamer Media's Engineering News. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Lloyd, Wright (8 November 2005). "Mass-Transit Alternative for Gauteng". BusinessDay.
Jump up ^ Anna, Cox (1 November 2005). "Shilowa's R20bn silence". The Star.
Jump up ^ Linda, Ensor (19 March 2008). "Gautrain could cost R35bn — Cronin". Business Day.
^ Jump up to: a b Olivier, Mariaan (20 March 2008). "Gautrain agency dismisses claims that project's costs surged to R35bn". Creamer Media's Engineering News.
Jump up ^ Hamlyn, Michael. "Gautrain to cost R25.5bn". Fin24. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
Jump up ^ Mahlong, Audra. "Gautrain ready for 2010". ITWeb. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
Jump up ^ Venter, Irma (27 May 2011). "Countdown begins as Gautrain steams towards June deadline". Engineering News. Creamer Media. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
Jump up ^ Dixon, Robyn (9 June 2010). "High-speed train gives South Africa a lift". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gautrain.
Official Gautrain Website
Gautrain Environmental Impact Assessment
Gautrain Variant EIA investigations 2005/6
Gautrain from dream to reality, Railway Gazette International, 8 July 2008, by Jack van der Merwe (Gautrain CEO)
Official Bombardier website
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Herm Edwards
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Herm Edwards
Herm Edwards following the filming of NFL Live at Disney Springs during the 2017 Pro Bowl week
Arizona State Sun Devils
Position:
Head coach
Personal information
Born:
(1954-04-27) April 27, 1954 (age 63)
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey
Height:
6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Weight:
194 lb (88 kg)
Career information
High school:
Monterey (CA)
College:
San Diego State
Undrafted:
1977
Career history
As player:
Philadelphia Eagles (1977–1985)
Atlanta Falcons (1986)
Los Angeles Rams (1986)
As coach:
San Jose State University (1987–1989)
(Defensive backs coach)
Kansas City Chiefs (1990–1991)
(Scout)
Kansas City Chiefs (1992–1995)
(Defensive backs coach)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2000)
(Assistant head coach/defensive backs coach)
New York Jets (2001–2005)
(Head coach)
Kansas City Chiefs (2006–2008)
(Head coach)
Arizona State (2018–present)
(Head coach)
Career NFL statistics
Interceptions:
33
Defensive touchdowns:
1
Player stats at NFL.com
Head coaching record
Regular season:
54–74 (NFL)
Postseason:
2-4 (NFL)
0–0 (college)
Career:
56–78 (NFL)
0–0 (college)
Coaching stats at PFR
Herman Edwards Jr. (born April 27, 1954) is an American football coach and former National Football League (NFL) player. He is currently the head coach at Arizona State University, a position he assumed in December 2017. From 2009 to 2017, he was a pro football analyst for ESPN.[1] He played cornerback for ten seasons (1977–1986) with the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, and Atlanta Falcons. Prior to his coaching career, Edwards was known best as the player who recovered a fumble by Giants quarterback Joe Pisarcik on a play dubbed the "Miracle at the Meadowlands."
Before being hired as the tenth head coach in Kansas City Chiefs history, Edwards was the head coach of the New York Jets from 2001 to 2005. He is known for his gameday terminology, dubbed "Hermisms" by fans. Of these, the quote and sound bite, "You play to win the game!", a message that Edwards gave during a Jets press conference, became the title of his book, a collection of "leadership lessons" for the reader to use as personal motivation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Playing career
2 Coaching career
2.1 Early years
2.2 New York Jets
2.2.1 Departure from New York
2.3 Kansas City Chiefs
2.4 ESPN
2.5 Arizona State
3 Head coaching record
3.1 NFL
3.2 College
4 Coaching tree
5 "Hermisms"
6 Personal life
7 References and notes
8 External links
Playing career[edit]
Edwards was born on an Army base in Eatontown, New Jersey.[2] The son of an African American World War II veteran and his German wife, Edwards played college football at the University of California in 1972 and 1974, at Monterey Peninsula Junior College in 1973, and at San Diego State in his senior year, 1975. He graduated from SDSU with a degree in criminal justice. Edwards was committed to the community he adopted on the Monterey Peninsula. He helped promote Monterey County Special Olympics for several years. His public involvement helped educate Monterey County residents about the importance of athletics with the developmentally disabled.
In the NFL, Edwards played nine seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles from 1977 to 1985, making a championship appearance with the team in Super Bowl XV. His 33 career interceptions is one short of the franchise record. He never missed a game in his nine seasons with the Eagles, remaining active with the team for 135 consecutive regular season games until being cut by then-incoming head coach Buddy Ryan in 1986. Edwards went on to play briefly for the Los Angeles Rams and Atlanta Falcons in 1986 before announcing his retirement.
The highlight of Edwards' playing career occurred in the twelfth game of the 1978 season, in the final seconds of a game against the New York Giants at the Meadowlands on November 19. The Giants led 17–12 and the Eagles had no time-outs remaining; but instead of simply taking the snap from center and taking a knee, Giants quarterback Joe Pisarcik attempted to hand the ball off to running back Larry Csonka. However, the ball came loose, and Edwards picked it up and returned it for a touchdown, enabling the Eagles to win 19–17.[3][4] This play became known in Philadelphia as The Miracle at the Meadowlands and in New York City as simply "The Fumble."[5] The Eagles made the playoffs and the Giants finished at 6–10.
Philadelphia's implementation of the victory formation, which was designed as a result of The Miracle at the Meadowlands, was known as the "Herman Edwards play."
Coaching career[edit]
Early years[edit]
After his playing career ended, Edwards became a defensive assistant at San Jose State (1987–1989), then was an NFL scout and defensive backs coach with the Kansas City Chiefs (1990–1995), for former Browns, Chiefs, Redskins, and Chargers coach Marty Schottenheimer. With the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2000), he was a defensive backs/assistant head coach under Tony Dungy. On January 28, 2001, despite never having previously held a head coaching or coordinator position, Edwards was hired as head coach of the New York Jets.
New York Jets[edit]
In his five years as the Jets head coach, Edwards compiled a 39–41 record, including a 2–3 record in the playoffs and a 5–15 stretch during his final twenty regular season games with the club. Edwards decided to run a 4–3 "Cover 2" defense. Although many fans and players questioned Edwards' decisions, the Jets had mild success in Edwards' first two seasons, reaching the playoffs in both. The Jets were the sixth seed in 2001, losing on the road in the first round to the Oakland Raiders 38–24. In 2002, the Jets squeaked into the playoffs with a 9–7 record, due to winning the tie-breakers in a three-way tie for the AFC East Division lead with the New England Patriots and the Miami Dolphins. The Jets advanced through the Wildcard round this time, which led to a return trip to Oakland. Once again, Edwards and the Jets came up short, losing 30–10 to the Raiders. Following a disappointing 6–10 season in 2003, the Jets reached the divisional round of the AFC playoffs once more in 2004, where they lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers 20–17. In 2005, a year marred by injuries, inconsistent play, lack of player development, and rumors swirling about Edwards possibly leaving the organization, Edwards led the Jets to a woeful 4–12 record. Following the end of the season, the Jets made the highly unusual move of trading a coach—Edwards—to another team (the Kansas City Chiefs), in exchange for a player to be chosen in round four of the 2006 draft. Overall, Edwards' tenure as head coach of the Jets was marred by chronic clock management problems, an ultra-conservative "play not to lose" mentality, and a lack of any discernible defensive philosophy, despite Edwards' supposed expertise in the Cover 2 defense.[6][7] The Jets replaced Edwards by hiring Eric Mangini, a senior assistant coach with the New England Patriots.
Departure from New York[edit]
Following the 2005 season, Chiefs president Carl Peterson hinted to the press about interest in hiring Edwards that could have been considered tampering. The Jets granted permission to the Chiefs to speak with Edwards.[8] At the time, Edwards had two years remaining on his contract with the Jets. However, Peterson wanted Edwards (a longtime personal acquaintance) to succeed head coach Dick Vermeil, who had just retired.
As the rumors started swirling, a war of words between the two teams began to start up in the media. In the midst of all the speculation, Edwards tried to use what leverage he thought he had with the Jets to get a contract extension and hefty pay raise from the Jets, which only served to further anger the club's owner. Eventually, the two teams worked out a deal, and the Chiefs sent the Jets a fourth-round pick in the 2006 NFL Draft as compensation (the Jets later used this selection to take Leon Washington).[9]
Kansas City Chiefs[edit]
Edwards' regular season coaching debut with the Chiefs was a 23–10 home loss to the Cincinnati Bengals on September 10. His first win with KC came in the third game of the season on October 1, a 41–0 shutout of the San Francisco 49ers.
The 2006 season would see many highs and lows. Starting quarterback Trent Green suffered a serious concussion in the first game of the season. Despite Green's injury, the Chiefs continued to stay in contention, largely thanks to backup quarterback Damon Huard and Pro Bowl running back Larry Johnson. In a move some considered controversial, Edwards chose to sit Huard and start Green when he returned from injury.[10] At the time, Huard's performance at quarterback was one of the best in the league, having thrown 11 touchdowns and just one interception, averaging 7.7 yards per pass attempt, and posting a quarterback rating of 98.0[11] (2nd best rating in the NFL, second to only Peyton Manning).
Additionally, the Chiefs were 5–3 in games started by Huard in 2006. Upon his return, Green struggled and failed to perform at the level of play that he had achieved in previous seasons, throwing seven touchdowns (against nine interceptions) and going 4–4 as a starter. Green's poor play led to Edwards placing more of the offensive burden on the shoulders of Larry Johnson, who ultimately ended up setting a record for rushing attempts in a season.[citation needed]
The Chiefs finished at 9–7, edging out the Denver Broncos (who lost in OT to the San Francisco 49ers in the final game of the season) by divisional tiebreaker for second place in the AFC West, and making the playoffs as the sixth seed in the AFC. This was their first playoff appearance in the previous three seasons.[citation needed]
On January 6, 2007, the Chiefs were soundly defeated by the Indianapolis Colts 23–8. In the first half, the Chiefs offense failed to produce a single first down. This was the first time in the modern NFL era (post AFL–NFL merger), and the first time since 1960, that any team had been held without a first down in the first half of a playoff game.[12]
In 2007, Edwards' streak of losses on opening day continued as the Chiefs lost to the Houston Texans 20–3. This loss marked the first time since the opening day of the 1970 season that the Chiefs had lost by a margin of 17 points on opening day, and was the first time in a decade that the Chiefs had been held to three points or less on opening day. The Chiefs under Edwards ended the 2007 season 4–12 with a nine-game losing streak, which tied the then-longest losing streak in the history of the Chiefs franchise.[citation needed]
In the 2007 season, the Chiefs were plagued with quarterback, running back, kicker and offensive coaching controversies. Damon Huard started the season and compiled a 4–5 record. He was benched in favor of Edwards' 2006 draft choice Brodie Croyle, who split time with Huard mid-season, was injured, then finished most of the season. Croyle played in a total of nine games and did not win any. Running back Larry Johnson injured his foot mid-season and was replaced by Priest Holmes who came out of retirement late in the year and was ineffective.[citation needed]
Kicker Justin Medlock was Edwards' draft choice but was cut after the first game and replaced by Dave Rayner. He was cut late in the year and replaced with John Carney. Finally, after promoting Mike Solari from offensive line coach to offensive coordinator in 2007, Edwards fired Solari and replaced him with Chan Gailey in early 2008. He also fired his offensive line coach, receivers coach, and running backs coach.[citation needed]
Chiefs owner Clark Hunt set the tone for the 2008 season by expressing his support for Edwards and general manager Carl Peterson and their plan to rebuild the team. However, Clark did warn that he expected the Chiefs to be competitive for a playoff spot.[citation needed]
In an attempt to rebuild the team, the Chiefs cut numerous aging veterans in the offseason, and the team traded Pro Bowl defensive end Jared Allen to the Minnesota Vikings. As a result, Edwards fielded one of the youngest teams in the NFL. Edwards' streak of opening day defeats continued as the Chiefs lost to the New England Patriots 17–10. The team eventually skidded to a franchise record of 12 consecutive regular-season defeats. The Chiefs finally ended the streak after defeating the Denver Broncos 33–19 at home on September 28. However, they were defeated the following week at the Carolina Panthers. During that game, the Chiefs managed to gain only 127 total yards, which was their worst offensive performance in 22 years. In a game against the San Diego Chargers on November 9, Edwards opted to go for a 2-point conversion to win (rather than tie the game) after the Chiefs has scored a touchdown to bring the score to 20–19. The controversial decision backfired, as the two-point conversion attempt failed, resulting in another loss.[13] He was fired January 23, 2009.
ESPN[edit]
Edwards was hired in 2009 to be an analyst for the network's NFL Live program.
Arizona State[edit]
On December 3, 2017, Edwards was named the head coach of the Arizona State football team.[14]
Head coaching record[edit]
NFL[edit]
Team
Year
Regular season
Postseason
Won
Lost
Ties
Win %
Finish
Won
Lost
Win %
Result
NYJ
2001
10 6 0 .625 3rd in AFC East 0 1 .000 Lost to Oakland Raiders in AFC Wild-Card Game.
NYJ
2002
9 7 0 .562 1st in AFC East 1 1 .500 Lost to Oakland Raiders in AFC Divisional Game.
NYJ
2003
6 10 0 .375 4th in AFC East – – – –
NYJ
2004
10 6 0 .625 2nd in AFC East 1 1 .500 Lost to Pittsburgh Steelers in AFC Divisional Game.
NYJ
2005
4 12 0 .250 4th in AFC East – – – –
NYJ Total
39
41
0
.487
2
3
.400
KC
2006
9 7 0 .562 2nd in AFC West 0 1 .000 Lost to Indianapolis Colts in AFC Wild-Card Game.
KC
2007
4 12 0 .250 3rd in AFC West – – – –
KC
2008
2 14 0 .125 4th in AFC West – – – –
KC Total
15
33
0
.313
0
1
.000
Total[15]
54
74
0
.422
2
4
.333
College[edit]
Year
Team
Overall
Conference
Standing
Bowl/playoffs
Arizona State Sun Devils (Pac-12 Conference) (2018–present)
2018 Arizona State 0–0 0–0 (South)
Arizona State: 0–0 0–0
Total: 0–0
Coaching tree[edit]
NFL head coaches under whom Herm Edwards has served:
Marty Schottenheimer: Kansas City Chiefs (1990–1995)
Tony Dungy: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2000)
Assistants under Herm Edwards who became NCAA or NFL head coaches:
Chan Gailey: Buffalo Bills (2010–2012)
"Hermisms"[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Herm Edwards
Edwards is known for his motivational speeches and soundbites given at press conferences. Edwards' popularity among motivational speaking has even led to the publication of his own book of quotes.
Personal life[edit]
Edwards was born in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Edwards is the son of Master Sergeant Herman Edwards, Sr., and his wife, Martha. Edwards grew up in Seaside, California and attended Monterey High School.[16]
Edwards graduated from San Diego State University with a degree in criminal justice. Edwards and his wife Lia have two daughters, Gabrielle and Vivian. Edwards has a son, Marcus, from a previous relationship.[17]
Edwards has a "tradition" of not watching the Super Bowl until he himself participates in one.[18] Edwards did not even watch his friends Tony Dungy and Lovie Smith participate in Super Bowl XLI.[18]
Dungy had a tradition much like what Edwards does, that is, with the exceptions of Dungy's victories in both Super Bowls XIII and XLI.[18] Edwards broke that tradition when, to serve in his capacity as an analyst for ESPN, he watched Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.
Edwards has a strict workout regimen that has him in the gym at 5:00 AM six days a week.[19] Instead of wearing athletic sneakers with his coaching attire, Edwards wears dress shoes. Before every game, Edwards polishes the shoes himself.
Known widely for enthusiasm and faith-based personality, Edwards was born and raised Baptist, but converted with his family and is now a practicing Roman Catholic.[20]
Edwards appeared in the 2012 episode Broke, about the high rates of bankruptcy and poor financial decisions amongst professional athletes, part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series of sports documentaries. In 2013, Edwards served as a head coach in the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl.[21] Herm was named senior adviser to the proposed Major League Football in 2015.
References and notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Chiefs fire Edwards; is Shanahan next in line?". January 24, 2009. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Merrill, Elizabeth (January 12, 2006). "Coach driven by family, faith, football". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on January 12, 2006. Retrieved January 29, 2017. Seventy-five miles from where his life started on an Army base in Eatontown, N.J., Edwards’ New York minute is up.
Jump up ^ "Final play nightmare". Reading Eagle. (Pennsylvania). Associated Press. November 20, 1978. p. 29.
Jump up ^ "Alas, New York, New York". Pittsburgh Press. UPI. November 20, 1978. p. B=6.
Jump up ^ Gola, Hank (September 16, 2015). "Giants' top 10 worst plays: From The Fumble to latest fiasco against Cowboys". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ "Herm Jet-Lagged Takes Blame In New Spin On Collapse". New York Daily News. November 16, 2004. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Herm Edwards: A Head Coach?". Archived from the original on February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chiefs given permission to talk to Herm Edwards". Kansas City Chiefs. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Herm Edwards named the 10th head coach in Kansas City Chiefs history". Kansas City Chiefs. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Huard shines again, Kansas City Star, January 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ "ESPN – Damon Huard Stats, News, Photos". December 14, 2007. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Chiefs vs. Chargers – Game Recap". ESPN. November 9, 2008. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ESPN's Herm Edwards hired as Arizona State coach". ESPN. December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Herm Edwards Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks – Pro-Football-Reference.com". Archived from the original on February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ryan Masters. "Mother-In-Chief". Carmel Magazine. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Crouse, Karen (August 11, 2005). "Edwards Keeps Cool With Baby on Way". The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Edwards enjoys quiet Super sunday[dead link] Kansas City Star, February 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ Jen Murphy (August 24, 2005). "Jets Coach Sticks to an Intense Routine". Wall Street Journal Online. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Katie Lefebvre (October 30, 2014). "Live Your Life by Faith ESPN analyst tells Catholic Group". Catholic News Service.
Jump up ^ Finley, Ryan (January 8, 2013). "Arizona Wildcats football: Tutogi and Quinn accept invites to NFLPA Bowl". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
External links[edit]
Career statistics and player information from NFL.com • Pro-Football-Reference
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South Division
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Herm Edwards (Arizona State)
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Walter Camp Man of the Year Award winners
1967: Fish
1968: Blair
1969: Rozelle
1970: Kipke
1971: Blanchard
1972: Frank
1973: Daugherty
1974: Gaither
1975: Dawkins
1976: Krause
1977: Dunlap
1978: Little
1979: Kemp
1980: Sayers
1981: Graham
1982: Olsen
1983: Staubach
1984: Shula
1985: Bleier
1986: Davis
1987: Jackson
1988: Robustelli
1989: Brown
1990: Buoniconti
1991: Blount
1992: Griese
1993: Moon
1994: Anderson
1995: Williams
1996: Swann
1997: Hill
1998: Holtz
1999: Brandt
2000: Long
2001: Singletary
2002: Kelly
2003: Newsome
2004: Muñoz
2005: Stephenson
2006: Utley
2007: Butkus
2008: Andersen
2009: Elway
2010: Shields
2011: Carson
2012: Edwards
2013: Millen
2014: Bettis
2015: Andruzzi & Biletnikoff
2016: Dunn
2017: Johnson
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 46160597
LCCN: n2004110194
SNAC: w6c54r4c
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herm_Edwards&oldid=832766077"
Categories:
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People from Eatontown, New Jersey
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