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Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Pertinent part of the English Bill of Rights, December 1689.
The American Bill of Rights in the National Archives, March 1789
The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause also applies to the states. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Text
2 Background
3 Excessive bail
4 Excessive fines
4.1 Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas
4.2 Browning-Ferris v. Kelco
4.3 United States v. Bajakajian
5 Cruel and unusual punishments
5.1 Punishments forbidden regardless of the crime
5.2 Punishments forbidden for certain crimes
5.2.1 Death penalty for rape
5.3 Special procedures for death penalty cases
5.4 Punishments specifically allowed
5.5 Evolving standards of decency
5.6 Proportionality
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Text[edit]
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.[2]
The hand-written copy of the proposed Bill of Rights, 1789, cropped to just show the text that would later be ratified as the Eighth Amendment
Background[edit]
The Eighth Amendment was adopted, as part of the Bill of Rights, in 1791. It is almost identical to a provision in the English Bill of Rights of 1689, in which Parliament declared, "as their ancestors in like cases have usually done...that excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."[3]
The provision was largely inspired by the case in England of Titus Oates who, after the ascension of King James II in 1685, was tried for multiple acts of perjury which had caused many executions of people whom Oates had wrongly accused. Oates was sentenced to imprisonment including an annual ordeal of being taken out for two days pillory plus one day of whipping while tied to a moving cart. The Oates case eventually became a topic of the U.S. Supreme Court’s Eighth Amendment jurisprudence.[4] The punishment of Oates involved ordinary penalties collectively imposed in a barbaric, excessive and bizarre manner.[5] The reason why the judges in Oates' perjury case were not allowed to impose the death penalty (unlike in the cases of those whom Oates had falsely accused) may be because such a punishment would have deterred even honest witnesses from testifying in later cases.[6]
England’s declaration against "cruel and unusual punishments" was approved by Parliament in February 1689, and was read to King William III and his wife Queen Mary II on the following day.[7] Members of Parliament then explained in August 1689 that "the Commons had a particular regard…when that Declaration was first made" to punishments like the one that had been inflicted by the King's Bench against Titus Oates.[7] Parliament then enacted the English Bill of Rights into law in December 1689.[7] Members of parliament characterized the punishment in the Oates case as not just "barbarous" and "inhuman" but also "extravagant" and "exorbitant".[8]
In England, the "cruel and unusual punishments" clause was a limitation on the discretion of judges, and required judges to adhere to precedent. According to the great treatise of the 1760s by William Blackstone entitled Commentaries on the Laws of England:
[H]owever unlimited the power of the court may seem, it is far from being wholly arbitrary; but its discretion is regulated by law. For the bill of rights has particularly declared, that excessive fines ought not to be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted: (which had a retrospect to some unprecedented proceedings in the court of king's bench, in the reign of king James the second)....[9]
Virginia adopted this provision of the English Bill of Rights in the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the Virginia convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution recommended in 1788 that this language also be included in the Constitution.[10]
Virginians such as George Mason and Patrick Henry wanted to ensure that this restriction would also be applied as a limitation on Congress. Mason warned that, otherwise, Congress may "inflict unusual and severe punishments."[11] Henry emphasized that Congress should not be allowed to depart from precedent:
What has distinguished our ancestors?--That they would not admit of tortures, or cruel and barbarous punishment. But Congress may introduce the practice of the civil law, in preference to that of the common law. They may introduce the practice of France, Spain, and Germany....[12]
Ultimately, Henry and Mason prevailed, and the Eighth Amendment was adopted. James Madison changed "ought" to "shall", when he proposed the amendment to Congress in 1789.[10]
Excessive bail[edit]
Main article: Excessive Bail Clause
In England, sheriffs originally determined whether to grant bail to criminal suspects. Since they tended to abuse their power, Parliament passed a statute in 1275 whereby bailable and non-bailable offenses were defined. The King's judges often subverted the provisions of the law. It was held that an individual may be held without bail upon the Sovereign's command. Eventually, the Petition of Right of 1628 argued that the King did not have such authority. Later, technicalities in the law were exploited to keep the accused imprisoned without bail even where the offenses were bailable; such loopholes were for the most part closed by the Habeas Corpus Act 1679. Thereafter, judges were compelled to set bail, but they often required impracticable amounts. Finally, the English Bill of Rights (1689) held that "excessive bail ought not to be required." Nevertheless, the Bill did not determine the distinction between bailable and non-bailable offenses. Thus, the Eighth Amendment has been interpreted to mean that bail may be denied if the charges are sufficiently serious. The Supreme Court has also permitted "preventive" detention without bail. In United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987), the Supreme Court held that the only limitation imposed by the bail clause is that "the government's proposed conditions of release or detention not be 'excessive' in light of the perceived evil." In Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951), the Supreme Court declared that a bail amount is "excessive" under the Eighth Amendment if it were "a figure higher than is reasonably calculated" to ensure the defendant's appearance at trial.[13]
Excessive fines[edit]
Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas[edit]
In Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas, 212 U.S. 86 (1909), the Supreme Court held that excessive fines are those which are "so grossly excessive as to amount to a deprivation of property without due process of law." The Court wrote in its syllabus:
The fixing of punishment for crime and penalties for unlawful acts is within the police power of the state, and this Court cannot interfere with state legislation in fixing fines, or judicial action in imposing them, unless so grossly excessive as to amount to deprivation of property without due process of law. Where a state antitrust law fixed penalties at $5,000 a day, and, after verdict of guilty for over 300 days, a defendant corporation was fined over $1,600,000, this Court will not hold that the fine is so excessive as to amount to deprivation of property without due process of law where it appears that the business was extensive and profitable during the period of violation, and that the corporation has over $40,000,000 of assets and has declared dividends amounting to several hundred percent
The Court further stated in its opinion:
[I]t is contended that the fines imposed are so excessive as to constitute a taking of the defendant's property without due process of law. It is not contended in this connection that the prohibition of the Eighth Amendment to the federal Constitution against excessive fines operates to control the legislation of the states. The fixing of punishment for crime or penalties for unlawful acts against its laws is within the police power of the state. We can only interfere with such legislation and judicial action of the states enforcing it if the fines imposed are so grossly excessive as to amount to a deprivation of property without due process of law.
In Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas the Supreme Court set up a standard for judging whether or not a fine is "excessive." The standard set up is that a fine must not be "so grossly excessive as to amount to deprivation of property without due process of law." In other words, the government must not be able to confiscate such a large amount of property without following an established set of rules created by the legislature.[14]
Browning-Ferris v. Kelco[edit]
In Browning-Ferris Industries v. Kelco Disposal, 492 U.S. 257 (1989), the Supreme Court ruled that the Excessive Fines Clause does not apply "when the government neither has prosecuted the action nor has any right to receive a share of the damages awarded." While punitive damages in civil cases are not covered by the Excessive Fines Clause, such damages were held to be covered by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, notably in State Farm v. Campbell, 538 U.S. 408 (2003). [15]
United States v. Bajakajian[edit]
In United States v. Bajakajian, 524 U.S. 321 (1998), the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to confiscate $357,144 from Hosep Bajakajian who failed to report possession of over $10,000 while leaving the United States.[16] In what was the first case in which the Supreme Court ruled a fine to violate the Excessive Fines Clause,[17] the Court held that it was "grossly disproportional" to take all of the money which Mr. Bajakajian attempted to take out of the United States, in violation of a federal law that required him to report an amount in excess of $10,000. In describing what constituted "gross disproportionality," the Court could not find any guidance from the history of the Excessive Fines Clause and so relied on Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause case law:
We must therefore rely on other considerations in deriving a constitutional excessiveness standard, and there are two that we find particularly relevant. The first, which we have emphasized in our cases interpreting the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, is that judgments about the appropriate punishment for an offense belong in the first instance to the legislature. See, e.g., Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 290 (1983) ("Reviewing courts ... should grant substantial deference to the broad authority that legislatures necessarily possess in determining the types and limits of punishments for crimes"); see also Gore v. United States, 357 U.S. 386, 393 (1958) ("Whatever views may be entertained regarding severity of punishment, ... these are peculiarly questions of legislative policy"). The second is that any judicial determination regarding the gravity of a particular criminal offense will be inherently imprecise. Both of these principles counsel against requiring strict proportionality between the amount of a punitive forfeiture and the gravity of a criminal offense, and we therefore adopt the standard of gross disproportionality articulated in our Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause precedents. See, e.g., Solem v. Helm, supra, at 288; Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263, 271 (1980).
Thus the Court declared that, within the context of judicial deference to the legislature's power to set punishments, a fine would not offend the Eighth Amendment unless it were "grossly disproportional to the gravity of a defendant's offense." [13]
Cruel and unusual punishments[edit]
Main article: Cruel and unusual punishment
According to the Supreme Court, the Eighth Amendment forbids some punishments entirely, and forbids some other punishments that are excessive when compared to the crime, or compared to the competence of the perpetrator.
In Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947), the Supreme Court assumed arguendo that the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962), the Court ruled that it did apply to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. Robinson was the first case in which the Supreme Court applied the Eighth Amendment against the state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment. Before Robinson, the Eighth Amendment had only been applied previously in cases against the federal government.[18]
Justice Potter Stewart's opinion for the Robinson Court held that "infliction of cruel and unusual punishment is in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments." The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment, such as John Bingham, had discussed this subject:
Many instances of State injustice and oppression have already occurred in the State legislation of this Union, of flagrant violations of the guarantied privileges of citizens of the United States, for which the national Government furnished and could furnish by law no remedy whatever. Contrary to the express letter of your Constitution, "cruel and unusual punishments" have been inflicted under State laws within this Union upon citizens, not only for crimes committed, but for sacred duty done, for which and against which the Government of the United States had provided no remedy and could provide none.[19]
In Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972), Justice Brennan wrote, "There are, then, four principles by which we may determine whether a particular punishment is 'cruel and unusual'."
The "essential predicate" is "that a punishment must not by its severity be degrading to human dignity," especially torture.
"A severe punishment that is obviously inflicted in wholly arbitrary fashion."
"A severe punishment that is clearly and totally rejected throughout society."
"A severe punishment that is patently unnecessary."
Justice Brennan also wrote that he expected no state would pass a law obviously violating any one of these principles, so court decisions regarding the Eighth Amendment would involve a "cumulative" analysis of the implication of each of the four principles. In this way, the United States Supreme Court "set the standard that a punishment would be cruel and unusual [if] it was too severe for the crime, [if] it was arbitrary, if it offended society's sense of justice, or if it was not more effective than a less severe penalty."[20]
Punishments forbidden regardless of the crime[edit]
In Wilkerson v. Utah, 99 U.S. 130 (1878), the Supreme Court commented that drawing and quartering, public dissection, burning alive, or disembowelment constituted cruel and unusual punishment.[21] In Thompson v. Oklahoma, 487 U.S. 815 (1988), the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty constituted cruel and unusual punishment if the defendant is under age 16 when the crime was committed. Furthermore, in Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), the Court barred the executing of people who were under age 18 when the crime was committed. In Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002), the Court declared that executing people who are mentally handicapped constituted cruel and unusual punishment.
Punishments forbidden for certain crimes[edit]
The case of Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910), marked the first time that the Supreme Court exercised judicial review to overturn a criminal sentence as cruel and unusual.[22] The Court overturned a punishment called cadena temporal, which mandated "hard and painful labor," shackling for the duration of incarceration, and permanent civil disabilities. This case is often viewed as establishing a principle of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment.[23] However, others have written that "it is hard to view Weems as announcing a constitutional requirement of proportionality."[24]
In Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958), the Supreme Court held that punishing a natural-born citizen for a crime by revoking his citizenship is unconstitutional, being "more primitive than torture" because it involved the "total destruction of the individual's status in organized society."
In Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962), the Court decided that a California law authorizing a 90-day jail sentence for "be[ing] addicted to the use of narcotics" violated the Eighth Amendment, as narcotics addiction "is apparently an illness," and California was attempting to punish people based on the state of this illness, rather than for any specific act. The Court wrote:
"To be sure, imprisonment for ninety days is not, in the abstract, a punishment which is either cruel or unusual. But the question cannot be considered in the abstract. Even one day in prison would be a cruel and unusual punishment for the 'crime' of having a common cold."
However, in Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514 (1968), the Court upheld a statute barring public intoxication by distinguishing Robinson on the basis that Powell dealt with a person who was drunk in public, not merely for being addicted to alcohol.[25]
Traditionally, the length of a prison sentence was not subject to scrutiny under the Eighth Amendment, regardless of the crime for which the sentence was imposed. It was not until the case of Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277 (1983), that the Supreme Court held that incarceration, standing alone, could constitute cruel and unusual punishment if it were "disproportionate" in duration to the offense. The Court outlined three factors that were to be considered in determining if the sentence is excessive: "(i) the gravity of the offense and the harshness of the penalty; (ii) the sentences imposed on other criminals in the same jurisdiction; and (iii) the sentences imposed for commission of the same crime in other jurisdictions." The Court held that in the circumstances of the case before it and the factors to be considered, a sentence of life imprisonment without parole for cashing a $100 check on a closed account was cruel and unusual.
However, in Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991), a fractured Court retreated from the Solem test and held that for non-capital sentences, the Eighth Amendment only constrains the length of prison terms by a "gross disproportionality principle." Under this principle, the Court sustained a mandatory sentence of life without parole imposed for possession of 672 grams (1.5 pounds) or more of cocaine. The Court acknowledged that a punishment could be cruel but not unusual, and therefore not prohibited by the Constitution.[26][27] Additionally, in Harmelin, Justice Scalia, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, said "the Eighth Amendment contains no proportionality guarantee," and that "what was 'cruel and unusual' under the Eighth Amendment was to be determined without reference to the particular offense." Scalia wrote "If 'cruel and unusual punishments' included disproportionate punishments, the separate prohibition of disproportionate fines (which are certainly punishments) would have been entirely superfluous." Moreover, "There is little doubt that those who framed, proposed, and ratified the Bill of Rights were aware of such provisions [outlawing disproportional punishments], yet chose not to replicate them."
In Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. ___ (2010), the Supreme Court declared that a life sentence without any chance of parole, for a crime other than murder, is cruel and unusual punishment for a minor.[28][29] Two years later, in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ___ (2012), the Court went further, holding that mandatory life sentences without parole cannot be imposed on minors, even for homicide.[30]
Death penalty for rape[edit]
In Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977), the Court declared that the death penalty was unconstitutionally excessive for rape of a woman and, by implication, for any crime where a death does not occur. The majority in Coker stated that "death is indeed a disproportionate penalty for the crime of raping an adult woman." The dissent countered that the majority "takes too little account of the profound suffering the crime imposes upon the victims and their loved ones." The dissent also characterized the majority as "myopic" for only considering legal history of "the past five years".
In Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008), the Court extended the reasoning of Coker by ruling that the death penalty was excessive for child rape "where the victim’s life was not taken."[31] The Supreme Court failed to note a federal law, which applies to military court-martial proceedings, providing for the death penalty in cases of child rape.[32] On October 1, 2008, the Court declined to reconsider its opinion in this case, but did amend the majority and dissenting opinions in order to acknowledge that federal law. Justice Scalia (joined by Chief Justice Roberts) wrote in dissent that "the proposed Eighth Amendment would have been laughed to scorn if it had read 'no criminal penalty shall be imposed which the Supreme Court deems unacceptable.'"[33]
Special procedures for death penalty cases[edit]
The first significant general challenge to capital punishment that reached the Supreme Court was the case of Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972). In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court overturned the death sentences of Furman for murder, as well as two other defendants for rape. Of the five justices voting to overturn the death penalty, two found capital punishment to be unconstitutionally cruel and unusual, while three found that the statutes at issue were implemented in a random and capricious fashion, discriminating against blacks and the poor. Furman v. Georgia did not hold – even though it is sometimes claimed that it did – that capital punishment is per se unconstitutional.[34]
States with capital punishment rewrote their laws to address the Supreme Court's decision, and the Court then revisited the issue in a murder case: Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976). In Gregg, the Court found, in a 7–2 ruling, that Georgia's new death penalty laws passed Eighth Amendment scrutiny: the statutes provided a bifurcated trial in which guilt and sentence were determined separately; and, the statutes provided for "specific jury findings" followed by state supreme court review comparing each death sentence "with the sentences imposed on similarly situated defendants to ensure that the sentence of death in a particular case is not disproportionate." Because of the Gregg decision, executions resumed in 1977.
Some states have passed laws imposing mandatory death penalties in certain cases. The Supreme Court found these laws to be unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment, in the murder case of Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1976), because these laws remove discretion from the trial judge to make an individualized determination in each case.[35] Other statutes specifying factors for courts to use in making their decisions have been upheld. Some have not: in Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U.S. 420 (1980), the Supreme Court overturned a sentence based upon a finding that a murder was "outrageously or wantonly vile, horrible, and inhuman," as it deemed that any murder may be reasonably characterized in this manner. Similarly, in Maynard v. Cartwright, 486 U.S. 356 (1988), the Court found that an "especially heinous, atrocious or cruel" standard in a homicide case was too vague. However, the meaning of this language depends on how lower courts interpret it. In Walton v. Arizona, 497 U.S. 639 (1990), the Court found that the phrase "especially heinous, cruel, or depraved" was not vague in a murder case, because the state supreme court had expounded on its meaning.[36]
The Court has generally held that death penalty cases require extra procedural protections. As the Court said in Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390 (1993), which involved the murder of a police officer, "the Eighth Amendment requires increased reliability of the process..."
Punishments specifically allowed[edit]
In Wilkerson v. Utah, 99 U.S. 130 (1878), the Court stated that death by firing squad was not cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment.
In Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263 (1980), the Court upheld a life sentence with the possibility of parole imposed per Texas's three strikes law for fraud crimes totaling $230. A few months after pleading guilty Rummel was released.[37]
In Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991), the Court upheld a life sentence without the possibility of parole for possession of 672 grams (1.5 pounds) of cocaine.
In Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63 (2003), the Court upheld a 50 years to life sentence with the possibility of parole imposed under California's three strikes law when the defendant was convicted of shoplifting videotapes worth a total of about $150.
Evolving standards of decency[edit]
In Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958), Chief Justice Earl Warren said: "The [Eighth] Amendment must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society." Subsequently, the Court has looked to societal developments, as well as looking to its own independent judgment, in determining what are those "evolving standards of decency".[38]
Originalists like Justice Antonin Scalia argue that societies may rot instead of maturing, and may decrease in virtue or wisdom instead of increasing. Thus, they say, the framers wanted the amendment to be understood as it was written and ratified, instead of morphing as times change, and in any event legislators are more competent than judges to take the pulse of the public as to changing standards of decency.[39]
The "evolving standards" test is not without its scholarly critics as well. For example, Professor John Stinneford asserts that the "evolving standards" test misinterprets the Eighth Amendment:
The Framers of the Bill of Rights understood the word "unusual" to mean "contrary to long usage." Recognition of the word’s original meaning will precisely invert the "evolving standards of decency" test, and ask the Court to compare challenged punishments with the longstanding principles and precedents of the common law, rather than shifting and nebulous notions of "societal consensus" and contemporary "standards of decency."[40]
On the other hand, Professor Dennis Baker defends the evolving standards of decency test as advancing the moral purpose of the Eighth Amendment to ban all forms of unjust punishment.[41]
Proportionality[edit]
The Court has applied evolving standards not only to say what punishments are inherently cruel, but also to say what punishments that are not inherently cruel are nevertheless "grossly disproportionate" to the offense in question.[38] An example can be seen in Jackson v. Bishop (8th Cir., 1968), an Eighth Circuit decision outlawing corporal punishment in the Arkansas prison system: "The scope of the Amendment is not static....[D]isproportion, both among punishments and between punishment and crime, is a factor to be considered...."[42]
Professor Stinneford asserts that the Eighth Amendment forbids punishments that are very disproportionate to the offense, even if the punishment by itself is not intrinsically barbaric, but Stinneford argues that "proportionality is to be measured primarily in terms of prior practice" according to the word "unusual" in the amendment, instead of being measured according to shifting and nebulous evolving standards.[8] Similarly, Professor John Bessler points to "An Essay on Crimes and Punishments," written by Cesare Beccaria in the 1760s, which advocated proportionate punishments; many of the Founding Fathers, including Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, read Beccaria's treatise and were influenced by it.[43][44]
Thus, Stinneford and Bessler disagree with the view of Justice Scalia, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, in Harmelin v. Michigan where they denied that the Punishments Clause contains any proportionality principle.[45] With Scalia and Rehnquist, Richard Epstein argues that the amendment does not refer broadly to the imposition of penalties, but rather refers more narrowly to the penalties themselves; Epstein says that judges who favor the broad view tend to omit the letter "s" at the end of the word "punishments".[46]
See also[edit]
United States constitutional criminal procedure
Capital punishment in the United States
Crime against humanity
Medical care and safety of inmates
Healthcare in American women's prisons
Michelle Kosilek
Estelle v. Gamble (1976)
Helling v. McKinney (1993)
Farmer v. Brennan (1994)
Prisoner abuse in the United States
Infectious diseases within American prisons
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bill of Rights: Primary Documents of American History". Library of Congress. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
Jump up ^ United States Government Printing Office. "EIGHTH AMENDMENT ---- FURTHER GUARANTEES IN CRIMINAL CASES ---- CONTENTS" (PDF). gpo.gov.
Jump up ^ "English Bill of Rights 1689".
Jump up ^ See Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991); Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977); Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972); and Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910)
Jump up ^ Bartee, Alice. Litigating Morality, page 114 (Greenwood Publishing Group 1992).
Jump up ^ Chitty, Joseph. A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, page 293 (Edward Earle 1819). A judge in the Oates case said: "Crimes of this nature are left to be punished according to the Discretion of this Court, so far as that the Judgment extend not to Life or Member." See Harmelin v Michigan 501 U.S. 957 (1991).
^ Jump up to: a b c Claus, Laurence. "The Anti-Discrimination Eighth Amendment", Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 28 (2004)
^ Jump up to: a b John F. Stinneford, "Rethinking Proportionality under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause," 97 Virginia Law Review 899, 926–61 (2011). Stinneford writes (emphasis added):
[E]ven if one stacked up all of Oates’s punishments together—the fine, the whippings, the imprisonment, the pillorying, and the defrockment—their cumulative effect was less harsh as an absolute matter than some punishments considered acceptable at the time, such as drawing and quartering or burning at the stake. If the punishments inflicted on Oates were unacceptably cruel, this could only be because they were disproportionate to the crime of perjury.
But, says Stinneford, punishment is unacceptable only if it is "both cruel and 'contrary to long usage'". Id. at 977 (emphasis added).
Jump up ^ Blackstone, William. Commentaries (1769)
^ Jump up to: a b Schwartz, Bernard. The Great Rights of Mankind: A History of the American Bill of Rights, page 170 (Rowman & Littlefield 1992).
Jump up ^ Patterson, John. The Bill of Rights: Politics, Religion, and the Quest for Justice, page 84 (2004).
Jump up ^ "Debate in Virginia Ratifying Convention" (June 16, 1788), in The Founders’ Constitution
^ Jump up to: a b David F. Forte. "The Heritage Guide to the Constitution: Cruel and Unusual Punishment". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "8th Amendment Court Cases". Revolutionary War and Beyond. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "More on Large Civil Fines for Minor Violations". News.FindLaw. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
Jump up ^ 18 U.S.C. § 982
Jump up ^ Soloman, Matthew C. (February 1999). "The perils of minimalism: United States v. Bajakajian in the wake of the Supreme Court's civil double jeopardy excursion". Georgetown Law Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-11. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Federman, Cary. The Body and the State: Habeas Corpus and American Jurisprudence, page 99 (SUNY Press 2006).
Jump up ^ Congressional Globe, 39th Cong., 1st Sess., 2542 (1866) quoted in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) (concurring opinion of Justice Douglas). The same words of John Bingham had been quoted in Justice Black's dissent in Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947); Black and three other dissenting justices had unsuccessfully urged in Adamson that the Eighth Amendment and the rest of the Bill of Rights be applied against the states.
Jump up ^ the International Justice Project. "Seminal Cases – Brief Bank & General Resources – the International Justice Project". Archived from the original on April 28, 2003. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, at 135 – 136.
Jump up ^ Melusky, Anthony and Pesto, Keith. Cruel and Unusual Punishment: Rights and Liberties Under the Law, page 87 (ABC-CLIO 2003).
Jump up ^ Finkel, Norman. Commonsense Justice: Jurors' Notions of the Law, page 138 (Harvard University Press 2001).
Jump up ^ The quoted sentence is from the opinion of Justice Scalia, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, in the later case of Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991).
Jump up ^ Dressler, Joshua (2009). "9.04 (B)". Understanding Criminal Law (Fifth ed.). LexisNexis. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-4224-2987-7.
Jump up ^ Miller, Wilbur. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America, p. 416 (SAGE 2012).
Jump up ^ Ryan, Meghan. "Does the Eighth Amendment Punishments Clause Prohibit Only Punishments that Are Both Cruel and Unusual? Archived December 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.", Washington University Law Review, Volume 87, p. 567 (2010).
Jump up ^ Denniston, Lyle (May 17, 2010). "Analysis: A limited break for juveniles". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mauro, Tony; Coyle, Marcia (May 17, 2010). "Justices rule on prison time for juveniles, sex offenders". The National Law Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ___ (2012).
Jump up ^ Greenhouse, Linda. "Supreme Court Rejects Death Penalty for Child Rape", New York Times (June 6, 2008)
Jump up ^ Linda Greenhouse (July 2, 2008). "In Court Ruling on Executions, a Factual Flaw". The New York Times. Retrieved July 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Statement of Justice Scalia with whom the Chief Justice joins, respecting the denial of rehearing (October 1, 2008).
Jump up ^ Million, Joelle. Racial Issues in Criminal Justice: The Case of African Americans, page 180 (Greenwood 2003).
Jump up ^ Palmer, Louis. The Death Penalty: An American Citizen's Guide to Understanding Federal and State Laws, page 14 (McFarland 1998).
Jump up ^ Walton was overruled on other grounds by Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002)
Jump up ^ "SOLEM v. HELM". Findlaw.
^ Jump up to: a b Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. ____ (2008).
Jump up ^ Roberts, Jane. "Scalia Defends U.S. Judiciary" Archived December 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., Scripps Howard News Service (December 18, 2013).
Jump up ^ Stinneford, John. "The Original Meaning of 'Unusual': The Eighth Amendment as a Bar to Cruel Innovation", Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 102, No. 4 (2008).
Jump up ^ "Constitutionalizing the Harm Principle". SSRN 1300356  . Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Jackson v. Bishop, 404 F. 2d 571 - Court of Appeals, 8th Circuit 1968.
Jump up ^ Bessler, John D. "Revisiting Beccaria's Vision: The Enlightenment, America's Death Penalty, and the Abolition Movement", Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy, Volume 4, Issue 2, Article 1 (2009)
Jump up ^ John D. Bessler, The Birth of American Law: An Italian Philosopher and the American Revolution (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press)
Jump up ^ Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991). Scalia wrote: "If 'cruel and unusual punishments' included disproportionate punishments, the separate prohibition of disproportionate fines (which are certainly punishments) would have been entirely superfluous." Moreover, "There is little doubt that those who framed, proposed, and ratified the Bill of Rights were aware of such provisions [outlawing disproportional punishments], yet chose not to replicate them."
Jump up ^ Epstein, Richard. "The Constitution’s Vanishing Act", Defining Ideas (December 16, 2013).
External links[edit]
Original Meaning: Cruel and Unusual Punishments – LOC Historian PA Madison
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Grounded for Life
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Grounded for Life
Title card
Created by
Bill Martin
Mike Schiff
Starring
Donal Logue
Megyn Price
Kevin Corrigan
Lynsey Bartilson
Griffin Frazen
Jake Burbage
Bret Harrison
Richard Riehle
Theme music composer
Ben Vaughn
Dean Ween
Gene Ween
Composer(s)
Dean Ween
Gene Ween
Spek
Country of origin
United States of America
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
91
Production
Executive producer(s)
Marcy Carsey
Tom Werner
Caryn Mandabach
(entire run)
Bill Martin
Mike Schiff (seasons 1–4)
David M. Israel &
Jim O'Doherty (season 2)
Jeff Astrof
Mike Sikowitz (season 5)
Camera setup
Film; Multi-camera
Running time
Approx. 22 minutes
Production company(s)
Guy Hauptman Productions
The Carsey-Werner Company
Tujunga Productions
Distributor
Carsey-Werner Distribution
Release
Original network
Fox (2001–2003)
The WB (2003–2005)
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
Original release
January 10, 2001 (2001-01-10) – January 28, 2005 (2005-01-28)
External links
Website
www.carseywerner.com/shows_about.php?showid=7
Grounded for Life is an American television sitcom that debuted on January 10, 2001, as a mid-season replacement on the Fox Network. It was created by Mike Schiff and Bill Martin. It ran for two seasons on the network until being cancelled only two episodes into its third season. It was immediately picked up for the rest of the third season by The WB, where it aired for two additional seasons.
The show starred Donal Logue and Megyn Price as Sean and Claudia Finnerty, an Irish Catholic couple living on Staten Island, New York with their three children: Lily (Lynsey Bartilson), Jimmy (Griffin Frazen), and Henry (Jake Burbage). The show also stars Kevin Corrigan, Bret Harrison, and Richard Riehle. The show has featured guest stars such as Ashton Kutcher, Danny Masterson, Mila Kunis, Wilmer Valderrama (cast of That '70s Show), Dave Foley, Kevin McDonald, Scott Thompson (cast of The Kids in the Hall), Mike Vogel, Natasha Lyonne, Vincent Pastore, Miriam Flynn, Stephen Root, and Elizabeth Berridge (Kevin Corrigan's real-life wife).
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Finnerty Household
3 Episodes
4 Nielsen Ratings
5 British remake
6 Syndication
6.1 United States
6.2 International
7 Awards and nominations
8 DVD releases
9 References
10 External links
Premise[edit]
The show, set in an Irish neighborhood of Staten Island, New York, is about the comedic interplay of the Irish Catholic Finnerty family. One of the central aspects of the show is that Sean and Claudia Finnerty had their first child and got married when they were only 18 years old. Thus, although their eldest is a teenage daughter, the parents are themselves relatively young and not finished with their "wild" years. (In an episode where Sean goes to fetch Lily from the police station and is mistaken for her drug dealer, his father quips, "That's what happens when you're 18 and don't know what a rubber is!") The show features an unusual style of storytelling, often starting with a scene at the end of the story or sometimes in the middle and filling in the gaps with flashbacks. Its main concepts are an Irish/Italian Catholic family with one daughter and two sons, surviving endless catastrophes, utilizing flashbacks to further explain each current situation.
The opening sequence is set to a guitar theme, performed by the band Ween, that also serves as the music between scenes. The first sequence, used for the first 11 episodes of Season 1, showed the family playing basketball. From the twelfth episode ("Jimmy Was Kung-Fu Fighting") onwards, it showed a mix of scenes from Season 1. The sequence was updated each year to include scenes from the current season. The opening sequence was later truncated, as cast names were shown after the sequence, over the episode itself.
Music is important in the production of the series, as musical cues introduce and conclude flashbacks. Episodes are also named after songs or are a play on song names or lyrics. Each episode has slightly different music in the opening sequence, differing at the end of the sequence.
Two episodes from Season 3, "Oh, What a Knight" and "Part-Time Lover", did not air on primetime, but can be seen in syndication on ABC Family.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Original cast of Grounded for Life, seasons 1–2.
Main article: List of Grounded for Life characters
Donal Logue and Megyn Price portrayed Sean and Claudia Finnerty, a Staten Island couple who were married and expecting by age 18. Sean was an electrician in the underground of the New York subway, but he later became the owner of a bar with his brother Eddie. Claudia worked as a hostess in a Soho restaurant, and later, when her daughter Lily decided that college wasn't for her, Claudia realized the importance of education and looked into college options for herself, regretting that she couldn't have gone right away after high school.
By their early 30s, Sean and Claudia had three children (later four). Lily (Lynsey Bartilson) is a selfish, spoiled brat who seeks male attention, often turning to dorky next-door neighbor, Brad O'Keefe, whom she later dates. She also dated the drummer of Sean and Eddie's band, Dean Peramotti; they went steady until she cheated on him with Brad. Lily is ragingly jealous of her mother, Claudia, fearing that Claudia is "hotter" than she, as she still attracts the attention of teenage boys—especially Brad. Lily has been drunk on several occasions, including a college party at which she bumped into Claudia and they arranged to keep it from Sean. Lily blames all her problems on her parents, mostly on the grounds that they had her so young. Lily was shocked to discover she was born before her parents were married, but later realized she was proof of their love.
Jimmy (Griffin Frazen), the second Finnerty child and first son, is the family black sheep. His choices are not always accepted by his parents, like the time he decided to become a vegetarian. Jimmy is smart and wants to do well at school, but his parents sometimes—accidentally—seem to hold him back. Once at a street fair, Sean and Claudia went to a Ramones concert, and Jimmy was late with his science project, causing him to be suspended. The following day he went missing, and was later discovered to have sneaked back into school. Jimmy has been bullied at school; once he fought back and was accused of being the bully. He was also bullied by a girl, although it turned out that she actually liked him.
Henry (Jake Burbage) the Finnertys' younger son, is the family optimist. A little wild, sometimes annoying, and unfortunately gullible, he is kindhearted and gentle. Jake Burbage left the show at the end of season four (in the summer of 2004) to move back east which is why he was never seen in season five although he was mentioned.
Grounded for Life cast, seasons 3–5.
Gracie, the youngest Finnerty, was born in the last episode. Claudia discovered she was pregnant at the start of season five, and in the season finale—at Lily's graduation—she went into labor and delivered Gracie at the hospital. Originally they were going to call her Rose, but when too many people mistakenly thought the name was a reference to Titanic, they decide to rename her Gracie. Walt and his fiancée then say they will name their child Rose.
Eddie (Kevin Corrigan) is Sean's younger brother, a conniving, womanizing weirdo who can never give a straight answer to any question. Claudia and Eddie often had their differences throughout the series run. The worst thing he ever did was film a porn film in the Finnerty house; for this Claudia and Sean put him out.
Walt (Richard Riehle) (recurring: seasons 3–5) is Sean and Eddie's strict father. He often berates Sean and Claudia for being too soft on their kids. Sean and Eddie had a frightening upbringing, as Walt often scared them by telling them that their sins would send them to hell or by giving them booklets that explained what effect sins would have on them. Widower Walt has had little luck with women: he once had a woman whom Sean and Eddie didn't like; Lily and Brad set him up on a date with a woman, or whom they thought was a woman; another handcuffed him in the bar and robbed it.
Brad O'Keefe (Bret Harrison) (recurring: seasons 1–2) is the Finnertys' geeky next-door neighbor. He had an on-off relationship with Lily. She cheated on her boyfriend Dean with Brad, and they once broke up when they realized they cheated on each other during a summer of being apart. They eventually got back together. In one episode, Brad was upset when his parents split up, so the Finnertys decided to celebrate his birthday at their house. Unfortunately, during the party he discovered that his mother had a fling with Eddie. In the end, his parents reconciled.
Actor
Character
Episode count
Season
1
2
3
4
5
Donal Logue Sean Finnerty 91 Main
Megyn Price Claudia Finnerty 91 Main
Kevin Corrigan Edwin "Eddie" Finnerty 91 Main
Lynsey Bartilson Lily Finnerty 91 Main
Griffin Frazen Jimmy Finnerty 91 Main
Jake Burbage Henry Finnerty 78 Main
Richard Riehle Walt Finnerty 45 Main Recurring
Bret Harrison Brad O'Keefe 65 Recurring Main
Recurring cast[edit]
Sister Helen (Miriam Flynn) is the nun and principal at Lily, Jimmy, and Henry's school. She frequently tries to tell Sean and Claudia how to raise their kids, whom she is always berating at school (Lily's skirts are too short, Jimmy's hair is too long, etc.). Sean once caused her to use the F-word.
Dean Peramotti (Mike Vogel) was the drummer of Sean and Eddie's band. He and Lily dated until she cheated on him with Brad.
Dan O'Keefe (Floyd Van Buskirk in Season One, Gregory Jbara in all later appearances) is Brad's father. Sean and Dan never got along and were constantly fighting. He was busted for having an affair when Sean challenged him to a tennis match, then noticed that all the weekend "tennis lessons" Dan had were useless. His wife Connie discovered this, and they broke up, Connie then had a brief fling with Eddie, but they soon got back together.
Finnerty Household[edit]
The household that makes for the main location for the series features interesting background items that allude to the interests of the family. Throughout the series, there is a picture of Lou Thesz hanging in the living room and a real-life picture of a young Lynsey Bartilson, who plays Lily in the series. The living room also features a framed and hung vintage baseball bat, a broken guitar (used by Sean in his younger days) and a couple of crosses, representing the Catholic faith of the family.
The refrigerator in the kitchen is always changing, but prominently features fruit magnets and a sticker bearing the logo of video game developer, Rockstar Games. Jimmy's room changes many times throughout the series (especially after the departure of the Henry character from the show), but at least one piece of WWE merchandise can be spotted in any given scene in the location, most notable the pillow bearing the WWE logo (however, in the last few episodes of season five, the pillow is turned over, hiding the logo). Jimmy's room also features a vintage Indianapolis Speedway poster (dated May 30, 1914), a dartboard, a small basketball hoop and at times featured a "Shonen Jump" poster and posters of bands such as Less Than Jake and Green Day.
Lily's room has a computer, a snowboarding poster, and a scrapbook poster, in addition to other, nondescript items that change throughout the series. In early episodes, she has several posters featuring Justin Timberlake and/or 'N Sync.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Grounded for Life episodes
Ninety-one complete episodes were produced and aired between 2000 and 2005. However, not all episodes were broadcast in the exact order they were produced. The first season originally produced 22 episodes, five of which, prior to the season finale were held back by Fox and were included as part of the second season. 17 episodes were produced for season two, with the addition of the five season one episodes, making it a 22-episode season. Many problems occurred during the production of season three. 19 episodes had been produced for season three, and with Fox cancelling the series later being picked up by The WB, only 11 episodes aired through the two networks, 12 & 13 never aired, and episodes 14 through 19, were included as part of season four. The fourth season originally produced 22 episodes, with the new addition of six from season three, making it the longest season with 28 episodes. Season five produced 13 episodes and was the only season to have all its episodes intact.
Nielsen Ratings[edit]
Season
Ep #
Time Slot
First Airdate
Last Airdate
Rank
Viewership
Network
Season 1 15 Wednesday 8:30 January 10, 2001 May 23, 2001 #87 8.9 Fox
Season 2 22 Wednesday 8:30 September 26, 2001 May 8, 2002 #96 7.2 Fox
Season 3 13 Friday 9:30 September 17, 2002 May 9, 2003 #95 8.10 Fox/WB
Season 4 28 Friday 9:00 September 5, 2003 May 7, 2004 #187 2.79 WB
Season 5 13 Friday 8:30 September 17, 2004 January 28, 2005 #145 2.7 WB
British remake[edit]
In 2011, the show was remade by the BBC as In with the Flynns. Six episodes were produced for its first season, using stories and scenes from the American series. Another six episodes were made for a second season, this time using original stories.
Syndication[edit]
United States[edit]
The series aired in syndication on ABC Family on an intermittent basis since 2005,[1] having gone through several time slot changes during its run on the network. When first aired on ABC Family, the tag scenes were cut out; but when ABC Family re-acquired Grounded for Life, newer prints with the tag scenes are now shown.
On November 16, 2009, MTV began to air the show at random during the week[2] Unlike ABC Family's airings, these airings are the same episodes and are aired more frequently.
In February 2015, all five seasons of the show were added to Netflix for instant play. They are presented in HD for the first time, as they were only shown in standard definition in their network and cable runs.
LAFF started airing reruns of the show in May 2016.
On August 3, 2017, Amazon added all five seasons in HD through its Prime video service through a distribution deal with FilmRise.
International[edit]
Country
Channel(s)
Notes
Australia Seven Network, Fox8, The Comedy Channel Currently airing on The Comedy Channel.
Belgium Plug TV In French; currently airing
Belgium 2BE In English with Dutch subtitles; currently airing
Bulgaria BTV Comedy (the former GTV) Currently airing
Finland TV Viisi Goes by the name Perhe Paketissa, meaning "Family in a Package"; currently airing in English, with Finnish subtitles
France France 2, France 4 Goes by the name " Parents à tout prix "
Germany Comedy Central Goes by the name Keine Gnade für Dad, meaning "No Mercy for Dad"
Hungary HBO Comedy Currently airing. Goes by the name Sorscsapás család, meaning "Setback Family"
Switzerland 4uTV Goes by the name Keine Gnade für Dad, meaning "No Mercy for Dad"
India STAR World
Ireland RTÉ Two Aired up until the show's cancellation in 2005
Israel HOT3 Goes by the name ככה זה בחיים (Kacha Ze BaChayim), meaning "That's How Life Works"
Macedonia Nasa TV Goes by the name Доживотно казн
Norway TV Norge Goes by the name Familietrøbbel, meaning "Family Trouble"
Netherlands Comedy Central(Extra) Currently airing
Slovenia HBO Comedy, POP TV Goes by the name "Sami doma"
Romania HBO Comedy Currently airing;goes by the name "Consemnati pe viata"
Serbia HBO Comedy Currently airing
Montenegro HBO Comedy Currently airing
Sweden TV3
TV4 Komedi Currently airing
Turkey ComedyMax Currently airing
United Kingdom Trouble
ITV1 Trouble closed 1 April 2009; no longer broadcasts on ITV1
Awards and nominations[edit]
Grounded for Life has been nominated for a number of Young Artist Awards for best TV comedy choice, best family TV comedy series, best performance by a guest star in a TV comedy series and best supporting actor in a comedy or drama series,[3] it has also won a Young Artist Award for supporting young actor in a TV comedy series. It has also been nominated for an Artios Award,[4] Teen Choice Award,[5] GLAAD Media Award and an Emmy Award.
Year
Result
Award
Category
2001 Nominated Artios Best Casting For TV, Comedy Pilot - Meg Liberman, Camille H. Patton
2001 Nominated Teen Choice Award TV - Choice Comedy
2001 Nominated Emmy Outstanding Choreography - Kenny Ortega for episode: "Mrs. Finnerty, You Have a Lovely Daughter"
2002 Won Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series - Supporting Young Actor - Griffin Frazen
2002 Nominated Young Artist Award Best Family TV Comedy Series
2002 Nominated Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series - Guest Starring Young Actor - Eddie Carr
2002 Nominated Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series - Guest Starring Young Actor - Kevin G. Schmidt
2003 Nominated GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Individual Episode (In a Series Without a Regular Gay Character) for episode: "Relax!"
2004 Nominated Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) - Supporting Young Actor - Griffin Frazen
DVD releases[edit]
Grounded for Life was initially released on VHS in North America. In early 2006, Anchor Bay Entertainment began making the series available on DVD, with all five season being released by late 2007. The first season included all 20 episodes that were originally produced for that season (five of these episodes, prior to the season finale were included as part of season two in the television airings). However, since the opening titles are different in seasons one and two, these five episodes included, still carry the season two opening titles. The season two set, therefore contains 17 episodes. Season three contains 13 episodes, two of which did not originally air on television. All 28 episodes that aired as part of season four, remain intact for the season four set and the same for the 13-episode season five set. The first four seasons were released in box set format, with two smaller-than-standard size DVD cases with a slipcover for each of the four sets. This however changed for the season five release when it was made available in a standard DVD case and no slipcover. Anchor Bay never released a complete series set. Each of these releases are now out of print.
Distribution company Mill Creek Entertainment acquired the rights to series and commenced releasing in 2011. Season one and two were released individually and together in a set. Each containing the 15 episodes that aired on television as part of season one and the 22 episodes that aired as part of season two, as opposed to the Anchor Bay release of the first and second seasons. Mill Creek have not given individual releases to seasons three, four and five at present. However, a complete series has been made available in a 13-disc set.
In the United Kingdom, distribution company Brightspark Productions released the first season in 2007.
In Australia, the series was made available via Visual Entertainment Group between 2010 and 2011. Seasons one, four and five were released individually, whereas seasons two and three were released together in one set.
The Sunfilm Entertainment company began releasing the series in Germany under the title "Keine Gnade für Dad". All five seasons were released between late 2012 and early 2013.
Season 1
Set details Special features
20 episodes (Anchor Bay release only)
15 episodes
4-disc set (Anchor Bay release only)
3-disc set (UK)
2-disc set (Mill Creek re-release, Germany & Australia)
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
North America - TV-PG (Mill Creek rating)
United Kingdom - 12
Germany - FSK-6
Australia - PG
Note: Seasons 1 & 2 were also released together by Mill Creek Entertainment on September 18, 2012.
Meet the Finnertys - Interview with Donal Logue
Claudia: Not the Sitcom Mom - Interview with Megyn Price
Life with Lily - Interview with Lynsey Bartilson
Interview with creators Mike Schiff and Bill Martin
Bloopers
Audio commentaries with cast and crew
Season One highlights
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
February 7, 2006
re-release September 13, 2011 March 5, 2007 November 8, 2012 June 7, 2010
Season 2
Set details Special features
17 episodes (Anchor Bay release only)
22 episodes
3-disc set
4-disc set (Australia - Seasons 2 & 3 combined)
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
North America - TV-PG (Mill Creek rating)
Germany - FSK-6
Australia - PG
Note: Seasons 1 & 2 were also released together by Mill Creek Entertainment on September 18, 2012.
Bloopers
From Ashes to Ashton - An interview with Ashton Kutcher
Kevin Corrigan - He Ain't Eddie, He's My Brother - A brand new interview with Kevin Corrigan
Season Two highlights
Sibling Revelry - Interviews with Jake Burbage "Henry" and Griffin Frazen "Jimmy"
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
May 16, 2006
re-release September 13, 2012 TBA December 6, 2012 August 28, 2012
(with Season 3)
Season 3
Set details Special features
13 episodes
2-disc set
4-disc set (Australia - Seasons 2 & 3 combined)
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
Germany - FSK-6
Australia - PG
2-never-before-aired episodes: "Oh, What a Knight" and "Part Time Lover"
Audio commentary with cast and crew
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
August 8, 2006 TBA January 13, 2013 August 28, 2010
(with Season 2)
Season 4
Set details Special features
28 episodes
4-disc set
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
Germany - FSK-6
Australia - PG
Brand-new audio commentaries
Letter from the creators
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
November 7, 2006 TBA February 7, 2013 May 9, 2011
Season 5
Set details Special features
13 episodes
4-disc set (Anchor Bay release only)
3-disc set (Germany)
2-disc set (Australia)
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
Germany - FSK-6
Australia - PG
Letter from the creators
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
September 25, 2007 TBA March 7, 2013 May 9, 2011
The Complete Series
Set details Special features
91 episodes
13-disc set
1.33:1 aspect ratio
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)
Rating:
North America - TV-PG
Note: "The Complete Series" with released by Mill Creek Entertainment.
See Seasons 1-5 individually
Release dates
North America United Kingdom Germany Australia
September 4, 2012 TBA TBA TBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ABC Family gets 'Grounded for Life'". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "MTV Acquires Grounded for Life". sitcomsonline.com. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "25th Annual Young Artist Awards: Winners and Nominees". youngartistawards.org. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Casting Society of America". castingsociety.com. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "2001 Teen Choice Awards: Choice Comedy". imdb.com. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
External links[edit]
Official website
Grounded for Life at epguides.com
Grounded for Life on IMDb
Grounded for Life at TV.com
Grounded for Life at Starpulse
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grounded_for_Life&oldid=812188811"
Categories:
2001 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
2000s American comedy television series
Television series revived after cancellation
American television sitcoms
English-language television programs
Fox network shows
Irish-American media
Staten Island in fiction
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television shows set in New York City
Television series by Carsey-Werner Productions
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