text:
Redshirts (Italy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Redshirt (disambiguation) and Redcoats (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Truppa di Garibaldi
Redshirts (Italian Camicie rosse) or Red coats (Italian Giubbe Rosse) is the name given to the volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi in southern Italy during his expedition of the Thousand to southern Italy, but sometimes extended to other campaigns of his. The name derived from the color of their shirts or loose fitting blouses (complete uniforms were beyond the finances of the Italian patriots).
Background[edit]
Sewing red shirts for the volunteers: Odoardo Borrani, Cucitrici di camicie rosse, 1863
The red shirts were started by Giuseppe Garibaldi. During his years of exile, Garibaldi was involved in a military action in Uruguay, where, in 1843, he originally used red shirts from a stock destined for slaughterhouse workers in Buenos Aires. Later, he spent time in private retirement in New York City. Both places have been claimed as the birthplace of the Garibaldian red shirt.[1]
The formation of his force of volunteers in Uruguay, his mastery of the techniques of guerilla warfare, his opposition to the Emperor of Brazil and Argentine territorial ambitions (perceived by liberals as also imperialist), and his victories in the battles of Cerro and Sant'Antonio in 1846 that assured the independence of Uruguay, made Garibaldi and his followers heroes in Italy and Europe. Garibaldi was later hailed as the "Gran Chico Fornido" on the basis of these exploits.
In Uruguay, calling on the Italians of Montevideo, Garibaldi formed the Italian Legion in 1843. In later years, it was claimed that in Uruguay the legion first sported the red shirts associated with Garibaldi's "Thousand", which were said to have been obtained from a factory in Montevideo which had intended to export them to the slaughter houses of Argentina. Red shirts sported by Argentinian butchers in the 1840s are not otherwise documented, however, and the famous camicie rosse did not appear during Garibaldi's efforts in Rome in 1849–50.
Giuseppe Barboglio a Red Shirt volunteer of the Thousand wearing the Marsala Medal
Later, after the failure of the campaign for Rome, Garibaldi spent a few years, circa 1850–53, with the Italian patriot and inventor, Antonio Meucci, in a modest gothic frame house (now designated a New York City Landmark), on Staten Island, New York City, before sailing for Italy in 1853. There is a Garibaldi-Meucci museum on Staten Island.
In New York, during the pre-Civil War era, rival companies of volunteer firemen were the great working-class heroes of the city. Their courage, their civic spirit, and the lively comradeship they demonstrated inspired fanatic followers throughout New York, the original "fire buffs".
A typical patriotic communal monument to the Garibaldini, at Monte Porzio
Volunteer fire companies varied in the completeness and details of their uniforms, but they all wore the red flannel shirt. When Garibaldi returned to Italy after his New York stay, the red shirts made their first appearance among his followers.
Garibaldi remained a local hero among European immigrants back in New York. The "Garibaldi Guard" (39th New York State Volunteers) fought in the American Civil War, 1861–65. As part of their uniform, they wore red woolen "Garibaldi Shirts" – at least, all enlisted men did. The New York Tribune sized them up:
The officers of the Guard are men who have held important commands in the Hungarian, Italian, and German revolutionary armies. Many of them were in the Sardinian and French armies in the Crimea and in Algeria.
A woman's fashion, the Garibaldi shirt, was begun in 1860 by the Empress Eugénie of France, and the blousy style remained popular for some years, eventually turning into the Victorian shirt waist and modern woman's blouse.[2]
Giuseppe Garibaldi's son, Ricciotti Garibaldi, later led redshirt volunteer troops that fought with the Greek Army in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and the First Balkan War of 1912–13.
The Redshirts gave inspiration to Mussolini, to form the Fascist blackshirts units and, from there, to Hitler's brownshirted Sturmabteilung (SA) units, as well as, the quasi-fascist Irish Blueshirts, under Eoin O'Duffy. However, whilst being vaguely nationalistic in tone, Garibaldi and his men are not widely considered as having been protofascist. Nottingham Forest FC now proudly wear the Garibaldi red shirts since their inception in 1865.
Gallery[edit]
Garibaldian volunteers
One of Garibaldi's lancers carrying a dispatch
Red uniform of the Italian politician, Antonio Fratti, killed in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pécout, Gilles (1999). Il lungo Risorgimento: la nascita dell'Italia contemporanea (1770–1922). Paravia Bruno Mondadori. p. 173. ISBN 9788842493570.
Jump up ^ Young, Julia Ditto, "The Rise of the Shirt Waist", Good Housekeeping, May 1902, pp. 354-357
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Redshirts_(Italy)&oldid=834585790"
Categories:
Military units and formations of Italy
Italian unification
Clothes in politics
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from May 2009
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Ελληνικά
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Română
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
5 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 6 April 2018, at 14:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Redshirt_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Redshirt (disambiguation)

values:
/wiki/Redcoats_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Redcoats (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;

values:
/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil
mw-redirect
Emperor of Brazil

values: Giuseppe Barboglio (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Garibaldi_Memorial
mw-redirect
Garibaldi Memorial

values: 39th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment

values:
/wiki/New_York_Tribune
mw-redirect
New York Tribune

values: Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas

values:
/wiki/Italian_Unification
mw-redirect
Italian Unification

values: Revolutions of 1848 in the German states

values:
/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_of_1897
mw-redirect
Greco-Turkish War of 1897

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Military units and formations of Italy

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2009

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Redshirts_(Italy)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: ذوو القمصان الحمر (إيطاليا) – Arabic

values: Φάλαγγα Γαριβαλδινών – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Redshirts_Italy rootpage-Redshirts_Italy skin-vector action-view


text:
Quebec City
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Quebec, Quebec" redirects here. For the Canadian province, see Quebec.
Quebec
City
Ville de Québec

Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): "La Vieille Capitale"[1]
Motto(s): Don de Dieu ferai valoir
("I shall put God's gift to good use"; the Don de Dieu was Champlain's ship)

Quebec city map
Quebec
Quebec
Show map of Canada Show map of Quebec Show all
Location of Quebec City in Canada
Coordinates: 46°49′N 71°13′W / 46.817°N 71.217°W / 46.817; -71.217Coordinates: 46°49′N 71°13′W / 46.817°N 71.217°W / 46.817; -71.217[2]
Country
Canada
Province
Quebec
Region
Capitale-Nationale
Metropolitan community
Communauté métropolitaine de Québec
Agglomeration
Agglomeration of Quebec City
Historic countries
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Great Britain
First settled
11 October 1535,
by Jacques Cartier
Founded
3 July 1608,
by Samuel de Champlain
Constituted
1 January 2002
Boroughs
List[show]
Beauport
Charlesbourg
La Cité-Limoilou
La Haute-Saint-Charles
Les Rivières
Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge
Government[3]
• Type
Quebec City Council
• Mayor
Régis Labeaume
• MPs
List of MPs[show]
Sylvie Boucher (C)
Alupa Clarke (C)
Gérard Deltell (C)
Jean-Yves Duclos (L)
Joël Godin (C)
Joël Lightbound (L)
Pierre Paul-Hus (C)
• MNAs
List[show]
François Blais (L)
Raymond Bernier (L)
Éric Caire (C)
André Drolet (L)
Geneviève Guilbault (C)
Patrick Huot (L)
Agnès Maltais (PQ)
Sébastien Proulx (L)
Véronyque Tremblay (L)
Area[3][4][5]
• City
485.77 km2 (187.56 sq mi)
• Land
453.38 km2 (175.05 sq mi)
• Metro[6]
3,408.70 km2 (1,316.11 sq mi)
Elevation[7]
98 m (322 ft)
Population (2016)[4]
• City
531,902 (11th)
• Density
1,173.2/km2 (3,039/sq mi)
• Metro[5]
800,296 (7th)
• Metro density
234.8/km2 (608/sq mi)
• Pop 2011-2016
3.0%
Time zone
EST (UTC−5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC−4)
Postal code(s)
G1A to G2N
Area code(s)
418 and 581
Website
www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/index.aspx
Quebec City (pronounced /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen) or /kəˈbɛk/;[8] French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)); French: Ville de Québec), officially Québec,[9][10][10] is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. The city had a population estimate of 531,902 in July 2016, (an increase of 3.0% from 2011)[11] and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 in July 2016, (an increase of 4.3% from 2011)[12] making it the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada.
The narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River proximate to the city's promontory, Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond), and Lévis, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec, an Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows". Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, Quebec City is one of the oldest cities in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico, and were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the 'Historic District of Old Québec'.[13][14]
The city's landmarks include the Château Frontenac, a hotel which dominates the skyline, and La Citadelle, an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city. The National Assembly of Quebec (provincial legislature), the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec), and the Musée de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 History
2.1 Early history
2.2 British rule
2.3 20th and 21st centuries
2.4 Capital
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
3.2 Boroughs and districts
4 Demographics
5 Economy
6 Architecture
7 Culture
8 Sports
9 Government
10 Education
11 Infrastructure
11.1 Transportation
11.1.1 Roads
11.1.2 Public transport
11.1.3 Air and sea
11.2 Public safety
12 Notable people
13 Partner cities
14 See also
15 Notes
16 References
17 External links
17.1 Multimedia
Name[edit]
According to the Government of Canada, the Government of Quebec, the Commission de toponymie du Québec, and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, the names of Canadian cities and towns have only one official form. Thus, Québec is officially spelled with an accented é in both Canadian English and French,[15][16][17] although the accent is often not used in common English usage.
In English, the city and the province are formally distinguished by the fact that the province does not have an accented é while the city does, while informally the form "Quebec City" is frequently (although unofficially) used to distinguish the city from the province; in French, the names of provinces are gendered nouns while the names of cities are not, so the city and the province are already distinguished by the presence or absence of a definite article in front of the name: for example, the concept of "in Quebec" is expressed as "à Québec" for the city, and "au Québec" for the province.
History[edit]
See also: History of Quebec City, Timeline of Quebec City history, and Name of Quebec City
Early history[edit]
Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. While many of the major cities in Latin America date from the sixteenth century, among cities in Canada and the U.S., few were created earlier than Quebec City (St. John's, Harbour Grace, Port Royal, St. Augustine, Santa Fe, Jamestown, and Tadoussac). Also, Quebec's Old Town (Vieux-Québec) is the only North American fortified city north of Mexico whose walls still exist.[18]
Quebec Settlement, 1608
French explorer Jacques Cartier built a fort at the site in 1535, where he stayed for the winter before going back to France in spring 1536. He came back in 1541 with the goal of building a permanent settlement. This first settlement was abandoned less than one year after its foundation, in the summer 1542, due in large part to the hostility of the natives combined with the harsh living conditions during winter.
Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer and diplomat on 3 July 1608,[19] and at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement called Stadacona. Champlain, also called "The Father of New France", served as its administrator for the rest of his life.
The name "Canada" refers to this settlement. Although the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal was established three years earlier, Quebec came to be known as the cradle of the Francophone population of North America. The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.
The population of the settlement remained small for decades. In 1629 it was captured by English privateers, led by David Kirke, during the Anglo-French War.[20] However, Samuel de Champlain argued that the English seizing of the lands was illegal as the war had already ended; he worked to have the lands returned to France. As part of the ongoing negotiations of their exit from the Anglo-French War, in 1632 the English king Charles agreed to return the lands in exchange for Louis XIII paying his wife's dowry.[20] These terms were signed into law with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The lands in Quebec and Acadia were returned to the French Company of One Hundred Associates.[20]
In 1665, there were 550 people in 70 houses living in the city. One-quarter of the people were members of religious orders: secular priests, Jesuits, Ursulines nuns and the order running the local hospital, Hotel-Dieu.[21]
Quebec City was the headquarters of many raids against New England during the four French and Indian Wars. In the last war, the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), Quebec City was captured by the British in 1759 and held until the end of the war in 1763. It was the site of three battles during Seven Years' War - the Battle of Beauport, a French victory (31 July 1759); the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, in which British troops under General James Wolfe defeated the French General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm on 13 September 1759 and shortly thereafter took the city; and the final Battle of Sainte-Foy, a French victory (28 April 1760). France ceded New France, including the city, to Britain in 1763.[22]
At the end of French rule in 1763, forests, villages, fields and pastures surrounded the town of 8,000 inhabitants. The town distinguished itself by its monumental architecture, fortifications, affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs of Saint-Jean and Saint-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec City remained a small colonial city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets.
British rule[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
View near the Grand Battery, Quebec, Quebec. By George Heriot, c. 1807.
During the American Revolution, revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in an attempt to 'liberate' Quebec City, in a conflict now known as the Battle of Quebec. The defeat of the revolutionaries from the south put an end to the hopes that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the American Revolution so that Canada would join the Continental Congress and become part of the original United States of America along with the other British colonies of continental North America. In effect, the outcome of the battle would be the effective split of British North America into two distinct political entities. The city itself was not attacked during the War of 1812, when the United States again attempted to annex Canadian lands. Fearing another American attack on Quebec City in the future, construction of the Citadelle of Quebec began in 1820. The Americans never did attack Canada after the War of 1812, but the Citadelle continued to house a large British garrison until 1871. The Citadelle is still in use by the military and is also a tourist attraction.
In 1840, the role of capital was shared between Kingston, Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa and Quebec City (from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866).
Long before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, there were proposals for military colleges in Canada. Staffed by British Regulars, adult male students underwent a 3 month long military course in Quebec City in 1864 at the School of Military Instruction in Quebec City. Established by Militia General Order in 1864, the school enabled Officers of Militia or Candidates for Commission or promotion in the Militia to learn Military duties, drill and discipline, to command a Company at Battalion Drill, to Drill a Company at Company Drill, the internal economy of a Company and the duties of a Company's Officer.[23] The school was retained at Confederation, in 1867. In 1868, The School of Artillery was formed in Montreal.[24]
In 1867, Ottawa (which was chosen to be the permanent capital of the Province of Canada) was chosen by Queen Victoria to be the capital of the Dominion of Canada. The Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation was held here.
20th and 21st centuries[edit]
Port of Quebec City in the early 20th century
Quebec City was struck by the 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake.
During World War II, two conferences were held in Quebec City. The First Quebec Conference was held in 1943 with Franklin D. Roosevelt (the United States' president at the time), Winston Churchill (the United Kingdom's prime minister), William Lyon Mackenzie King (Canada's prime minister) and T. V. Soong (China's minister of foreign affairs). The Second Quebec Conference was held in 1944, and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and at the nearby Château Frontenac. A large part of the D-Day landing plans were made during those meetings.
Capital[edit]
Throughout its over 400 years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital. From 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was the capital of French Canada and all of New France; from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the Province of Quebec; from 1791 to 1841, it was the capital of Lower Canada; from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866, it was capital of the Province of Canada; and since 1867, it has been capital of the Province of Quebec. The administrative region in which Quebec City is situated is officially referred to as Capitale-Nationale,[25][26] and the term "national capital" is used to refer to Quebec City itself at provincial level.[27]
Geography[edit]
Panorama of Quebec City's skyline (2009)
Quebec City is located in the Saint Lawrence River valley, on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River near its meeting with the St. Charles River. The surrounding area is low-lying and flat. The river valley has rich, arable soil, which makes this region the most fertile in the province. The Laurentian Mountains lie to the north of the city.
A portion of the city, as well as most of the Old Quebec area, is built on a plateau sometimes called the promontory of Quebec. Because of this topographic feature, the central and oldest area of the city is sometimes divided into upper and lower town.[28] On the eastern end of the hill, upper Town lies on the top of Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond) promontory. The Plains of Abraham are located near the edge of the promontory, on which high stone walls have been integrated during colonial days. On the other hand, lower town is located on the eastern foot of this plateau. It has been a working class area for most of its history unlike uptown, which for the most part, quickly became a place of choice for the local middle-class and bourgeoisie.[29]
Climate[edit]
Rue du Cul-de-Sac: the historic district of Old Quebec is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
The climate of Quebec City is classified as humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[30]
Quebec City experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, with periods of hotter temperatures which compounded with the high humidity, create a high heat index that belie the average high of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 11–13 °C (52–55 °F). Winters are often cold, windy and snowy with average high temperatures −5 to −8 °C (23 to 18 °F) and lows −13 to −18 °C (9 to 0 °F). Spring and fall, although short, bring chilly to warm temperatures. Late heat waves as well as "Indian summers" are a common occurrence.[citation needed]
On average, Quebec City receives 1,190 millimetres (46.85 in) of precipitation, of which 899 millimetres (35.39 in) is rain and 303 millimetres (11.93 in) is the melt from 316 centimetres (124.4 in) of snowfall per annum.[note 1] The city experiences around 1,916 hours of bright sunshine annually or 41.5% of possible sunshine, with summer being the sunniest, but also slightly the wettest season. During winter, snow generally stays on the ground from the end of November till mid-April.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Quebec City was 36.1 °C (97 °F) on 17 July 1953.[31] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −36.7 °C (−34 °F) on 10 January 1890 and 14 January 2015.[32][33]
[show]Climate data for Quebec City (Jean Lesage International Airport), 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1875−present[a]
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high humidex
10.6 11.7 17.8 32.9 40.3 44.1 49.2 49.3 40.1 30.9 24.9 14.6 49.3
Record high °C (°F)
11.1
(52) 11.7
(53.1) 18.3
(64.9) 29.9
(85.8) 33.0
(91.4) 34.4
(93.9) 36.1
(97) 35.6
(96.1) 33.9
(93) 28.3
(82.9) 22.9
(73.2) 15.0
(59) 36.1
(97)
Average high °C (°F)
−7.9
(17.8) −5.6
(21.9) 0.2
(32.4) 8.3
(46.9) 17.0
(62.6) 22.3
(72.1) 25.0
(77) 23.6
(74.5) 17.9
(64.2) 11.1
(52) 2.9
(37.2) −4.2
(24.4) 9.2
(48.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−12.8
(9) −10.6
(12.9) −4.6
(23.7) 3.7
(38.7) 11.2
(52.2) 16.4
(61.5) 19.3
(66.7) 18.1
(64.6) 12.7
(54.9) 6.6
(43.9) −0.7
(30.7) −8.6
(16.5) 4.2
(39.6)
Average low °C (°F)
−17.7
(0.1) −15.6
(3.9) −9.4
(15.1) −1.0
(30.2) 5.4
(41.7) 10.5
(50.9) 13.5
(56.3) 12.5
(54.5) 7.5
(45.5) 2.0
(35.6) −4.2
(24.4) −12.8
(9) −0.8
(30.6)
Record low °C (°F)
−36.7
(−34.1) −36.1
(−33) −30.0
(−22) −18.9
(−2) −7.8
(18) −0.6
(30.9) 3.9
(39) 2.2
(36) −4.8
(23.4) −10.0
(14) −26.1
(−15) −35.6
(−32.1) −36.7
(−34.1)
Record low wind chill
−51.1 −52.4 −41.0 −29.0 −13.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 −7.8 −17.3 −30.8 −48.4 −52.4
Average precipitation mm (inches)
86.6
(3.409) 74.5
(2.933) 76.1
(2.996) 83.5
(3.287) 115.9
(4.563) 111.4
(4.386) 121.4
(4.78) 104.2
(4.102) 115.5
(4.547) 98.3
(3.87) 102.5
(4.035) 99.9
(3.933) 1,189.7
(46.839)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
22.7
(0.894) 15.2
(0.598) 30.2
(1.189) 67.5
(2.657) 115.9
(4.563) 111.4
(4.386) 121.4
(4.78) 104.2
(4.102) 115.5
(4.547) 94.6
(3.724) 69.1
(2.72) 31.7
(1.248) 899.3
(35.406)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
71.9
(28.31) 63.6
(25.04) 46.4
(18.27) 13.2
(5.2) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 0.0
(0) 3.2
(1.26) 32.7
(12.87) 72.4
(28.5) 303.4
(119.45)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)
17.1 14.3 13.4 12.1 15.4 13.4 13.5 13.4 13.4 14.4 16.0 18.5 174.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)
3.0 2.4 4.7 10.4 15.3 13.4 13.5 13.4 13.4 14.1 10.1 4.5 118.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)
16.3 13.2 10.5 4.3 0.13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 8.1 16.6 70.1
Average relative humidity (%) (at 3pm)
67.8 64.6 60.7 55.9 51.6 56.0 59.1 59.1 61.8 63.1 70.4 73.2 61.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours
98.9 121.2 152.0 170.6 211.1 234.7 252.3 232.0 163.0 122.0 76.6 81.9 1,916.3
Percent possible sunshine
35.5 41.8 41.3 41.9 45.3 49.6 52.7 52.7 43.1 36.0 27.1 30.7 41.5
Source: Environment Canada,[34][35][36] (Extremes 1875−1959)[37]
Parks and Gardens
Quebec city is home to over a hundred parks and gardens, which offer certain attractions like bird watching, hiking or canoeing for visitors.
Domaine de Maizerets
One of the most notable is The Battlefields Park, which is home to 50 historical artillery pieces and the Plains of Abraham. The park offers views of the St. Lawrence River and has multiple historical structures and statues like the Joan of Arc on Horseback and the Martello Towers.[38] Historically this was the site of an American revolutionary battle, the Battle of Quebec (1775) where the British were able to hold onto its last stronghold in the Northern extent of its North American territory.
Another notable park is the Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge, which is known for its gardens and bird watching, is the second largest urban park in Quebec City. The Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge[39] also has historical influence being the site of gardens that were created by British and French royalty. Quebec City's largest park is the Parc Chauveau, which offers a range of outdoor activities from hiking, canoeing and skiing. Other notable areas are Beauport bay, Domaine de Maizerets, Marais du Nord and Parc Cartier-Roberval.[38]
Boroughs and districts[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Quebec City's six boroughs
On 1 January 2002, the 12 former towns of Sainte-Foy, Beauport, Charlesbourg, Sillery, Loretteville, Val-Bélair, Cap-Rouge, Saint-Émile, Vanier, L'Ancienne-Lorette, Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Lac-Saint-Charles were annexed by Quebec City. This was one of several municipal mergers which took place across Quebec on that date. Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on 1 January 2006, but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City. On 1 November 2009, the Quebec City re-organized its boroughs, reducing the number from 8 to 6.[40]
Borough limits (yellow) as seen from Édifice Marie-Guyart. A partial view of the urbanized La Cité-Limoilou is shown as well as of the suburban Charlesbourg (left) and Beauport right) in the background
As of 2011[update] Quebec City comprises six boroughs (arrondissements) which are further divided into 35 districts (quartiers). All districts are numbered, and most are named. In most cases the name of the district is similar to a historical town or village it replaced, but not always. Districts each elect their own council, which are part of public consultations with the city government. The numbering system was based on the 2002-2009 borough boundaries, so post-2009 the numbers do not correspond completely with the boroughs.
Compared to many other cities in North America, there is less variation between average household incomes between the districts. However, some disparities exist. Montcalm, Sillery, Cap-Rouge, and the southern part of Sainte-Foy are considered to be the wealthiest, along with all areas found west of Old Quebec along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River.
The city's traditional working-class areas are found in the lower town below Old Quebec (Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Roch) and directly across the Saint Charles River (Vanier and Limoilou). However, parts of Limoilou and particularly Saint-Roch have seen gentrification in the last 20 years, attracting young professionals and the construction of new offices and condos.
The central part of the city consists of industrial areas while northern sections (Loretteville, Val-Bélair) and eastern sections (Beauport, Charlesbourg) are mostly a mix of middle-class residential suburbs.
North-east aerial view from the Quebec Bridge area. The foreground shows Sainte-Foy.
North-west view from an uptown building. Saint-Jean-Baptiste then Saint-Roch and Saint-Sauveur district are in the foreground.
Borough Districts
1/6 La Cité-Limoilou La Cité: 1-1 Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire · 1-2 Saint-Roch · 1-3 Saint-Jean-Baptiste · 1-4 Montcalm · 1-5 Saint-Sauveur · 1-6 Saint-Sacrement · Limoilou: 6-1 Vieux-Limoilou · 6-2 Lairet · 6-3 Maizerets
2 Les Rivières 2-1 Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf · 2-2 Duberger-Les Saules · 2-3 Vanier
3/8 Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge 3-2 Cité universitaire · 3-3 Saint-Louis · 3-4 Plateau · 3-5 Pointe-de-Ste-Foy 8-2 · L'Aéroport · 8-3 Cap-Rouge
4 Charlesbourg 4-1 Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides · 4-2 Quartier 4-2 · 4-3 Quartier 4-3 · 4-4 Jésuites, Quebec City · 4-5 Quartier 4-5 · 4-6 Quartier 4-6
5 Beauport 5-1 Quartier 5-1 · 5-2 Quartier 5-2 · 5-3 Chutes-Montmorency · 5-4 Quartier 5-4 · 5-5 Vieux-Moulin
7/8 La Haute-Saint-Charles 7-1 Lac-Saint-Charles · 7-2 Saint-Émile · 7-3 Loretteville · 7-4 Des Châtels · 8-1 Val-Bélair
Demographics[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Quebec City[41]
Year
Pop.
±%
1871
76,593 —
1881
80,249 +4.8%
1891
80,546 +0.4%
1901
88,615 +10.0%
1911
102,214 +15.3%
1921
122,698 +20.0%
1931
168,249 +37.1%
1941
199,588 +18.6%
1951
245,742 +23.1%
1956
279,521 +13.7%
1961
321,917 +15.2%
1966
372,373 +15.7%
1971
408,440 +9.7%
1976
429,757 +5.2%
1981
434,980 +1.2%
1986
440,598 +1.3%
1991
461,894 +4.8%
1996
473,569 +2.5%
2001
476,330 +0.6%
2006
491,142 +3.1%
2011
516,622 +5.2%
2016
531,902 +3.0%
According to Statistics Canada, there were 531,902 [11] people residing in Quebec City proper in 2016, and 800,296 [42] people in the metropolitan area. Of the former total, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4.7% of the resident population of Quebec City. This compares with 5.2% in the province of Quebec, and 5.6% for Canada overall.
The great majority of city residents are native French speakers. The English-speaking community peaked in relative terms during the 1860s, when 40% of Quebec City's residents were Anglophone.[43][44] Today, Anglophones make up only 1.5% of the population of both the city and its metropolitan area.[45] However, the annual Quebec Winter Carnival attracts both Francophone and Anglophone tourists alike, so the Anglophone population increases considerably during the duration of the event.
According to Statistics Canada, 94.6% of Quebec City's population spoke French as their mother tongue. In addition, more than a third of city residents reported speaking both French and English.
In 2001, 13.0% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.2% in Canada. The average age is 39.5 years of age compared to 37.6 years of age for Canada as a whole.
In the five years between 2006 and 2011, the population of Quebec City grew by 6.5%, compared with an increase of 4.9% for the province of Quebec. The population density of Quebec City averaged 228.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (592/sq mi), compared with an average of 5.3/km2 (14/sq mi) for the province as a whole.
At the time of the 2001 census, the population of the Quebec City authority was 682,757, but was 710,700 when encompassing the Greater Quebec City Area, compared with a resident population in the province of Quebec of 7,237,479 people.
In 2006, visible minorities made up 3% of the city's population,[46] which is the smallest proportion of any major Canadian city. There has, however, been a growing number of new arrivals from North and West Africa, as well as Latin America, who have settled in the city. Recent arrivals tend to be more concentrated in Limoilou, Vanier and the northern part of Sainte-Foy, where the availability of lower cost apartments is higher than the rest of the city.
According to the 2001 census, over 90% of the population was Roman Catholic. The city also contains small Protestant, Muslim and Jewish communities.
Canada Census Mother Tongue – Quebec city, Quebec[47]
Census
Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year
Responses
Count
Trend
Pop %
Count
Trend
Pop %
Count
Trend
Pop %
Count
Trend
Pop %
2011
516,622
478,395 4.63% 92.6% 7,370 4.61% 1.42% 2,315 36.9% 0.49% 19,790 9.93% 3.83%
2006
491,142
456,225 1.84% 92.89% 7,030 2.8% 1.43% 1,460 38.35% 0.3% 17,825 35.28% 3.63%
2001
471,962
447,840 0.36% 94,89% 6,830 21.6% 1,45% 2,020 3.2% 0.42% 11,535 14.78% 2.44%
1996
467,455
446,194 n/a 95,45% 8,309 n/a 1.78% 1,955 n/a 0.42% 9,830 n/a 2.1%
Economy[edit]
The boulevard Laurier, west of the city center
Most jobs in Quebec City are concentrated in public administration, defence, services, commerce, transport and tourism. As the provincial capital, the city benefits from being a regional administrative and services centre: apropos, the provincial government is the largest employer in the city, employing 27,900 people as of 2007.[48] CHUQ (the local hospital network) is the city's largest institutional employer, with more than 10,000 employees in 2007. In 2008, the unemployment rate in Quebec City was 4.5%,[49] well below provincial and national averages (7.3% and 6.6%, respectively).[50]
Around 10% of jobs are in manufacturing.[51] Principal products include pulp and paper, processed food, metal/wood items, chemicals, electronics and electrical equipment, and printed materials. The city hosts the headquarters of a variety of prominent companies, including: fashion retailer La Maison Simons, engineering firms BPR and Norda Stelo; real estate investment trust Cominar; Industrial Alliance, La Capitale, Promutuel, SSQ Financial Group, and Union Canadienne in the insurance sector; Beenox, Gearbox Software, Frima Studio, Sarbakan and Ubisoft in the computer games industry; AeternaZentaris and DiagnoCure in pharmaceuticals; Amalgame, Cossette and Vision 7 in marketing and advertising; Institut National d'Optique (INO), EXFO, OptoSecurity in technology.
Architecture[edit]
Main article: Architecture of Quebec City
Saint-Roch Garden, lower town
Old Quebec
Much of the city's most notable architecture is located east of the fortification walls in Vieux-Québec (Old Quebec) and Place Royale. This area has a distinct European feel with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte St-Louis and Porte St-Jean are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown; the Kent Gate was a gift to the province from Queen Victoria and the foundation stone was laid by the Queen's daughter, Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne, on 11 June 1879.[52] West of the walls are the Parliament Hill district and the Plains of Abraham.
Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church, Basse-Ville (Lower Town)
The Upper Town is linked by the Escalier « casse-cou » (literally "neck-breaking" steps) and the Old Quebec Funicular to the Lower Town, which includes such sites as the ancient Notre-Dame-des-Victoires church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the Musée de la Civilisation (Museum of Civilization). The Lower Town is filled with original architecture and street designs, dating back to the city's beginnings. Murals and statues are also featured. The Lower Town is also noted for its wide variety of boutiques, many featuring hand-crafted goods.
A former fire station now used by the multidisciplinary art company Ex Machina
Quebec City's downtown is on the lower part of the town. Its epicentre is adjacent to the old town, spanning from the Saint-Roch district, throughout the Saint Sauveur, Saint-Sacrement and Limoilou quarters. Some interpretations consider Quebec's downtown to be the central southern portion of the town ranging from the old city and Saint Roch, all the way west to the Quebec city Bridge.
Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive Château Frontenac Hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. It was designed by architect Bruce Price, as one of a series of "château" style hotels built for the Canadian Pacific Railway company. The railway company sought to encourage luxury tourism and bring wealthy travellers to its trains. Alongside the Château Frontenac is the Terrasse Dufferin (Dufferin Terrace), a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence River. The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby Plains of Abraham, site of the battle in which the British took Quebec from France, and the Citadelle of Quebec, a Canadian Forces installation and the federal vice-regal secondary residence. The Parliament Building, the meeting place of the Parliament of Quebec, is also near the Citadelle.
Near the Château Frontenac is Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral, mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec. It is the first church in the New World to be raised to a basilica and is the primatial church of Canada.
There are 37 National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City and its enclaves.[53]
Culture[edit]
See also: List of events in Quebec City and Media in Quebec City
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival, its summer music festival and for its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations.
Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include Montmorency Falls, the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, the Mont-Sainte-Anne ski resort, and the Ice Hotel.
The Jardin zoologique du Québec, now closed, initially reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shuttering in 2006. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also featured several species of mammals. While it emphasized the indigenous fauna of Quebec, one of its main attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from regions surrounding the Indian Ocean.
Parc Aquarium du Québec, which reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the Saint Lawrence River, features more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic fauna of North America and the Arctic. Polar bears and various species of seals of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, make up part of the aquarium's main attractions. There are a number of historic sites, art galleries and museums in Québec City, including Citadelle of Quebec, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Ursulines of Quebec, and Musée de la civilisation. Old Québec is a UNESCO world heritage site, with historic architecture, shops, and restaurants.
The Monique-Corriveau library moved into a vacant Sainte-Foy church in 2013
Ice castle during the 2009 carnival
Capitol theater, seen from the fortifications
Two buildings of the National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec
Sports[edit]
As well as having a number of local sports teams, Quebec City has hosted a number of sporting events. The Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games was held in the city from 26 February to 1 March 2008.[54] Quebec City co-hosted with Halifax, Nova Scotia, the 2008 IIHF World Championship. Regular sporting events held in the city, include the Coupe Banque Nationale, a Women's Tennis Association tournament; Crashed Ice, an extreme downhill skating race; Quebec City International Pee-Wee Tournament, a minor hockey tournament; and the Tour de Québec International cycling stage race.[55]
In December 2011, Quebec City hosted the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final at the Pavillon de la Jeunesse at ExpoCité.
The city has a professional baseball team called the Capitales de Québec which plays in the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball. The team was established in 1999, and originally played in the Northern League. The team has six league titles, won in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The team's stadium is the Stade Municipal.
Other teams include the local football team, the Rouge & Or of the Université Laval; the junior hockey team, Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League; the Canadian football teams, Quebec City Monarks and Quebec City Rebelles of La Ligue de Football de Québec; the women's hockey team Quebec Phoenix of the Canadian Women's Hockey League; and soccer club Quebec Arsenal of the W-League.
The city had a professional ice hockey team, the Quebec Nordiques, which played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and then in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the Montreal Canadiens. Due to a disadvantageous exchange rate with respect to the US Dollar, the team moved to Denver, Colorado in 1995, becoming the Colorado Avalanche. The Quebec Remparts are a major junior team in the QMJHL and play in the Videotron Centre.
A professional basketball team, the Quebec Kebs played in National Basketball League of Canada in 2011 but folded prior to the start of the 2012 season.
The Videotron Centre has been built with the hope of getting an NHL franchise (relocation or expansion) in Quebec City.[56] The project was funded regardless of whether an NHL team arrives in Quebec City.[57] It is also hoped that the arena can help Quebec City win a future Winter Olympics games bid.[58] It has now replaced the Colisée Pepsi as the main multifunctional arena in Quebec City.
The Quebec Capitales, which play in the Stade Municipal play in the Can-Am League
Government[edit]
Parliament Building, Quebec City
Quebec City is governed using a mayor–council government form of government which includes the 21 members of the Quebec City Council (conseil municipal), which acts as the city's legislative body, and the separately elected Mayor of Quebec City (maire de Québec), who acts as the city's chief executive. The city council is elected from 21 single-member districts split between the city's 6 boroughs using first-past-the-post voting, while the mayor is elected by the city at-large. Both are elected at the same time for a term of four years. While the mayor is a part of the council as an ex officio member and chairs the meetings of council, he or she is not the president of the council and has no vote.
City Hall of Quebec City and the Price Building
The government of the city is directed by the 9-member executive committee, which is composed of the mayor and eight city councillors appointed by the mayor.[59] It is tasked with executing the prerogatives of the city council. The current mayor of the city is Régis Labeaume, first elected in 2007.
Below the city level each of the city's six boroughs has a borough council (conseil d'arrondissement) composed of three-to-five members the exact number which is dependent upon the population of the borough. These councils comprise those city councillors elected from the city council districts within that borough; that is to say that each city councillor also sits as a borough councillor in the borough from which he or she was elected. The borough councils serve a largely advisory role, and do not have the authority to tax or borrow money.[60] The boroughs are further divided into 35 neighbourhoods, which have their own neighbourhood councils (conseils de quartier) composed of 11 members - 8 elected members (4 men and 4 women) and 3 additional members appointed by the elected members all who serve two-year terms. Furthermore, the city and borough councillors whose electoral districts cover the neighbourhood sit on the neighbourhood council as non-voting ex officio members.[61] The neighbourhood councils are purely advisory in nature.
The town hall of the former city of Sainte-Foy now accommodates a borough council, police and fire station and numerous white-collar workers
Parallel to the city level of government, the city is a component of the urban agglomeration of Quebec City, which has its own council (conseil d'agglomération) which has authority over certain services such as public transportation, arterial roads, certain law enforcement services, sanitation, etc.[62] The agglomeration includes the central municipality of Quebec City, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. Quebec City is also the seat of the judicial district of Québec, one of the province's 36 judicial districts.[63]
Education[edit]
The Université Laval (Laval University) is located in the western end of the city, in the borough of Sainte-Foy. However, the school of architecture of Université Laval is located at the "Vieux-Séminaire" building in Old Quebec. The main campus of the Université du Québec system is also located in Quebec City, including its specialized schools École nationale d'administration publique, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, and Télé-université (TELUQ), the distance learning component of the 'Université du Québec' network.
Commission scolaire de la Capitale operates secular francophone schools and Central Quebec School Board operates secular anglophone ones. Prior to summer 1998 Commission des écoles catholiques de Québec operated public Catholic schools of all languages.
Numerous CEGEPs are located in Quebec city, including Collège François-Xavier-Garneau, Cégep O'Sullivan, Cégep Limoilou, Cégep de Sainte-Foy and Champlain College St. Lawrence, as well as private institutions such as Campus Notre-Dame-de-Foy, Collège Mérici, Collège Bart, Collège CDI and Collège Multihexa.
Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, the Ursulines of Quebec monastery, located at 12 Rue Donnacona.
Infrastructure[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Transportation[edit]
The Quebec Bridge (left) and the Pierre Laporte Bridge (right), viewed from the North side
Roads[edit]
Two bridges (the Quebec Bridge and Pierre Laporte Bridge) and a ferry service connect the city with Lévis and its suburbs along the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River. The Orleans Island Bridge links Quebec City with pastoral Orleans Island.
Quebec City is an important hub in the province's autoroute system, as well as boasting one of the highest "expressway lane kilometres per 1000 persons" in the country (1.10), behind Calgary (1.74), Hamilton (1.61) and Edmonton (1.24).[64] Autoroute 40 connects the region with Montreal and Ottawa to the west and Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré and the Charlevoix region to the east. Autoroute 20 parallels the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, linking Quebec City with Montreal and Toronto to the west and Rivière-du-Loup, Rimouski, and the Maritime Provinces to the east. Autoroute 73 provides a north-south link through the metropolitan area, linking it with Saint-Georges, the Beauce region, and Maine to the south and Saguenay and the Lac-Saint-Jean region to the north.
View of upper town from Autoroute 73
Within the metropolitan region, Autoroutes 40, 73, and several spur routes link the city centre with its suburbs.
Autoroute 573 (Autoroute Henri-IV) connects the city with CFB Valcartier. Autoroute 740 (Autoroute Robert-Bourassa) serves as a north-south inner belt. Autoroute 440 comprises two separate autoroutes to the west and east of the urban core. Originally meant to be connected by a tunnel under the city centre, the two sections are separated by a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) gap. There are no current plans to connect them. The western section (Autoroute Charest) connects Autoroutes 40 and 73 with Boulevard Charest (a main east-west avenue) while the eastern section (Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency) links the city centre with Beauport and Montmorency Falls.
Public transport[edit]
Métrobus is a six lines, higher frequency bus service
The Réseau de transport de la Capitale is responsible for public transport in the region. The RTC operates a fleet of buses and has recently implemented articulated buses. The RTC is studying the return of a tram and light rail system to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. The two billion dollar revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own.
Gare du palais train station and SAAQ headquarters on the right
Rail transport is operated by VIA Rail at the Gare du Palais ('Palace Station'). The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station, and hosts, among others, the services of Greyhound Canada and Orleans Express.
Air and sea[edit]
Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport (YQB), located at the city's western edge, 11 miles from the city centre.
The city also has a major port on the St-Lawrence with facilities in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs.[65]
Public safety[edit]
Quebec City is protected by Service de police de la Ville de Québec and Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec. Quebec City has one of the lowest crime rates in Canada. The city reported no murders in 2007, a streak that stretched back to 31 October 2006.[66] Only two murders occurred in Quebec City in 2015. Gang recruitment has been recognized to be a federal crime in Bill C-394.[67] On 29 January 2017, a Laval University student named Alexandre Bissonnette shot and killed six people with another seventeen injured in a mass shooting at the Quebec Islamic Cultural Centre.[68][69][70]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from Quebec City
Partner cities[edit]
Quebec City is mainly twinned with Calgary and Bordeaux. It has other formal agreements with other cities although they are not active anymore as of 2012. These include Saint Petersburg, Guanajuato City, Huế and Liège and Namur in francophone Belgium.[71]
See also[edit]
New France portal
Quebec portal
Canada portal
List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Based on station coordinates provided by Environment Canada, climate data was recorded in the area of Old Quebec from August 1875 to February 1959, and at Jean Lesage International Airport from March 1943 to present.
Jump up ^ Although snow is measured in cm the melted snow (water equivalent) is measured in mm and added to the rainfall to obtain the total precipitation. An approximation of the water equivalent can be made by dividing the snow depth by ten. Thus 1 cm (0.4 in) of snow will be 1 mm (0.04 in) of water. See snow gauge, Rainfall, Snowfall, and Precipitation and MANOBS 7th Edition Amendment 17[permanent dead link]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Marceau, Stéphane G.; Rémillard, François (2002). Ville de Québec (in French) (4th ed.). Montreal: Guides de voyage Ulysse. p. 14. ISBN 2-89464-510-4.
Jump up ^ Reference number 51718 of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (in French)
^ Jump up to: a b Geographic code 23027 in the official Répertoire des municipalités (in French)
^ Jump up to: a b Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census".
^ Jump up to: a b Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census".
Jump up ^ "(Code 421) Census Profile". 2011 census. Statistics Canada. 2012.
Jump up ^ Vallières, Marc. "Québec City".
Jump up ^ "Quebec". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Jump up ^ "Québec, City of Québec, Quebec City". Public Works and Government Services Canada. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Place Names - Québec". Natural Resources Canada. Government of Canada. 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Statistics Canada Census 2016
Jump up ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ "Historic District of Old Québec". World Heritage; UNESCO. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Old Quebec City, Seven Wonders of Canada". cbc.ca. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
Jump up ^ "Québec, City of Québec, Quebec City". Public Works and Government Services Canada. 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Names (geographical)". Public Service Commission of Canada. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Government of Canada. "Geographical Names". The Canadian Style. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "CBC.CA - Seven Wonders of Canada - Your Nominations - Old Quebec City, Quebec".
Jump up ^ "View of Quebec, Capital of Canada". World Digital Library. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "KIRKE, SIR DAVID, adventurer, trader, colonizer, leader of the expedition that captured Quebec in 1629, and later governor of Newfoundland", Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Jump up ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1972). The Oxford History of the American People. New York City: Mentor. p. 150. ISBN 0-451-62600-1.
Jump up ^ "PrimaryDocuments.ca".
Jump up ^ "Anson Keill's Second class certificate from the School of Military Instruction, Kingston".
Jump up ^ Richard Preston 'Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada' published by the RMC Club by U of Toronto Press.
Jump up ^ Décret concernant la révision des limites des régions administratives du Québec, R.Q. c. D-11, r.2, made pursuant to the Territorial Division Act, R.S.Q. c. D-11
Jump up ^ "Québec Portal > Portrait of Québec > Administrative Regions > Regions". Retrieved 13 May 2009.
Jump up ^ "An Act respecting the National capital commission, R.S.Q. c. C-33.1". CanLII. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Geological Survey of Canada (1999). The 1988 Saguenay Earthquake - a Site Visit Report. p. 63.
Jump up ^ Stelter, Gilbert (1982). Shaping the Urban Landscape: Aspects of the Canadian City-Building Process. McGill Queen University Press. ISBN 9780773584860.
Jump up ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Daily Data Report for July 1953". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daily Data Report for January 1890". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daily Data Report for January 2015". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Quebec/Jean Lesage INT'L A, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "QUEBEC/JEAN LESAGE INTL A". Environment Canada. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "QUEBEC/JEAN LESAGE INTL". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Quebec". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ville de Québec - Parks and Gardens". www.ville.quebec.qc.ca. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
Jump up ^ Québec, Office du tourisme de. "Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge". Official Web Site - Québec City Tourism. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
Jump up ^ Nouveau découpage des arrondissements Archived 25 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. (archive of broken link)
Jump up ^ "Évolution démographique des 10 principales villes du Québec (sur la base de 2116) selon leur limites territoriales actuelles1, Recensements du Canada de 1871 à 2011". Stat.gouv.qc.ca. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ Morrin Centre. "Anglos in Québec". Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Blair, Louisa. The Anglos: The Hidden Face of Quebec City. Volume 1: 1608-1850; Volume 2: Since 1850. Québec: Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec & Éditions Sylvain Harvey, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Voice of English-speaking Québec: A Portrait of the English-speaking Community in Quebec". Voice of English-speaking Québec. 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Statistics Canada: 2006 Community Profiles".
Jump up ^ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census.
Jump up ^ "Canada's largest employers by city, 2007: Quebec City." London: University of Western Ontario. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Labour: Labour force characteristics, population 15 years and older, by census metropolitan area Archived 10 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine.."Statistics Canada. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Latest release from the Labour Force Survey." Statistics Canada. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Québec City: Economy, transportation, and labour force." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historical Foundation of Canada, 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Hubbard, R.H. (1977). Rideau Hall. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7735-0310-6.
Jump up ^ The 37 sites in Quebec City are listed in the Directory of Federal Heritage Designations as being located in Québec and the following boroughs/enclaves: Beauport, Cap-Rouge, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Sainte-Foy and Wendake.
Jump up ^ "History of Major Special Olympics Canada (SOC) Events" (PDF). Special Olympics Canada. 29 January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Here comes the 4th Tour de Quebec!". tourdequebec.com. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Karine Gagnon, Qmi Agency (1 March 2011). "Quebecor joins arena plan, eyes NHL team | Hockey | Sports". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Quebec gravy train chugs off without Ottawa on board for once | Full Comment | National Post". Fullcomment.nationalpost.com. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Quebec City plans $400 million arena to attract NHL team, Winter Olympics — ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Comité exécutif". Ville de Quebec. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Conseils d'arrondissement". Ville de Quebec. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Conseils de quartier". Ville de Quebec. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Conseil d'agglomération". Ville de Quebec. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Territorial Division Act. Revised Statutes of Quebec D-11.
Jump up ^ "Projet de prolongement de l'axe du Vallon" (PDF). BAPE (in French). 2004. p. 2.
Jump up ^ "Port of Quebec". Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
Jump up ^ White, Marianne (28 December 2007). "Quebec City closing in on a year without murder". Nationalpost.com. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Canada 2016 Crime & Safety Report: Quebec City". www.osac.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Suspect in Quebec mosque terror attack was of Moroccan origin, reports show". Fox News. 2017-01-30. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
Jump up ^ "2 men arrested in deadly Quebec mosque shooting ID'd". CBC News. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
Jump up ^ CNBC (2017-01-30). "Police seek motive after Quebec mosque attack kills six; vigils planned". CNBC. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
Jump up ^ "Québec fait le ménage dans ses jumelages". Le Soleil (in French). 7 September 2012.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutQuebec Cityat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Travel guide from Wikivoyage
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Official website
Official website of Québec City Tourism (French)
Multimedia[edit]
CBC Television Archives on Preserving Quebec City (1976)
CBC Digital Archives - Quebec City: 400 Years of History

[show]
Adjacent Municipal Subdivisions
Shannon
Ste-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier St-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, Lac-Delage, Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, Lac-Beauport Ste-Brigitte-de-Laval
St-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Quebec City (enclaves: L'Ancienne-Lorette,
Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Wendake)
Boischatel
Saint Lawrence River / Lévis Saint Lawrence River / Sainte-Pétronille

[show]
Adjacent Counties & Equivalent Territories
La Jacques-Cartier RCM
Portneuf RCM
Quebec TE
La Côte-de-Beaupré RCM
Saint Lawrence River
Lévis TE Saint Lawrence River
L'Île-d'Orléans RCM

[show]
v
t
e
Quebec City
Boroughs
La Cité-Limoilou
Les Rivières
Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge
Charlesbourg
Beauport
La Haute-Saint-Charles
Laurentien (defunct)
Districts
Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire (Old Quebec, Parliament Hill, Petit Champlain)
Saint-Jean-Baptiste
Saint-Roch
Maizerets
Agglomeration
Quebec
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Enclaves
L'Ancienne-Lorette
Notre-Dame-des-Anges
Wendake
See also: List of articles about Quebec City
History of Quebec City
Quebec Urban Community (1970-2001)
Quebec Metropolitan Community
2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec
Regional county municipalities) in Capitale-Nationale:
Charlevoix
Charlevoix-Est
La Côte-de-Beaupré
La Jacques-Cartier
L'Île-d'Orléans
Portneuf
Equivalent territories: Quebec (TE)
Independent parishes: Notre-Dame-des-Anges
Native reserves: Wendake
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
v
t
e
Municipalities of the CMQ/Quebec CMA
Bellechasse RCM
Saint-Henri¹
Beaumont¹
L'Île-d'Orléans RCM
Saint-François-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Sainte-Famille
Saint-Jean-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Saint-Laurent-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Sainte-Pétronille
La Côte-de-Beaupré RCM
Saint-Tite-des-Caps²
Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges²
Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente²
Saint-Joachim²
Beaupré²
Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré²
Château-Richer
L'Ange-Gardien
Boischatel
La Jacques-Cartier RCM
Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier
Fossambault-sur-le-Lac
Lac-Saint-Joseph
Shannon
Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier
Lac-Delage
Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury
Lac-Beauport
Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval
Québec TE
Notre-Dame-des-Anges¹
Urban agglomeration of Quebec
Quebec
L'Ancienne-Lorette
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Wendake¹
Lévis TE
Lévis
La Nouvelle-Beauce RCM
Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon¹
¹Does not belong to the CMQ — ²Does not belong to the Quebec CMA
[show]
v
t
e
Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada
AB Edmonton
BC Victoria
MB Winnipeg
NB Fredericton
NL St. John's
NS Halifax
ON Toronto
PE Charlottetown
QC Quebec City
SK Regina
Territories:
NT Yellowknife
NU Iqaluit
YT Whitehorse
[show]
v
t
e
Boroughs and Districts of Quebec City
La Cité-Limoilou
La Cité: 1-1 Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire
1-2 Saint-Roch
1-3 Saint-Jean-Baptiste
1-4 Montcalm
1-5 Saint-Sauveur
1-6 Saint-Sacrement
Limoilou: 6-1 Vieux-Limoilou
6-2 Lairet
6-3 Maizerets
Les Rivières
2-1 Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf
2-2 Duberger-Les Saules
2-3 Vanier
Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge
3-2 Cité universitaire
3-3 Saint-Louis
3-4 Plateau
3-5 Pointe-de-Ste-Foy
8-2 L'Aéroport
8-3 Cap-Rouge
Charlesbourg
4-1 Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides
4-2 Quartier 4-2
4-3 Quartier 4-3
4-4 Jésuites, Quebec City
4-5 Quartier 4-5
4-6 Quartier 4-6
Beauport
5-1 Quartier 5-1
5-2 Quartier 5-2
5-3 Chutes-Montmorency
5-4 Quartier 5-4
5-5 Vieux-Moulin
La Haute-Saint-Charles
7-1 Lac-Saint-Charles
7-2 Saint-Émile
7-3 Loretteville
7-4 Des Châtels
8-1 Val-Bélair
[show]
v
t
e
New France (1534–1763)
Subdivisions
Acadia (1604–1713)
Canada (1608–1763) Pays d'en Haut
Domaine du roy
Louisiana (1682–1762, 1802–1803) Illinois Country Ohio Country
Newfoundland (1662–1713)
Île Royale (1713–1763)
Towns
Acadia (Port Royal)
Canada
Quebec
Trois-Rivières
Montreal
Détroit
Île Royale
Louisbourg
Louisiana
Mobile
Biloxi
New Orleans
Newfoundland
Plaisance
List of towns
Forts
Fort Rouillé
Fort Michilimackinac
Fort de Buade
Fort de Chartres
Fort Detroit
Fort Carillon
Fort Condé
Fort Duquesne
Fortress of Louisbourg
Castle Hill
Fort St. Louis (Illinois)
Fort St. Louis (Texas)
List of Forts
Government
Canada
Governor General
Intendant
Sovereign Council
Bishop of Quebec
Governor of Trois-Rivières
Governor of Montreal
Acadia
Governor
Lieutenant-General
Newfoundland
Governor
Lieutenant-General
Louisiana
Governor
Intendant
Superior Council
Île Royale
Governor
Intendant
Superior Council
Law
Intendancy
Superior Council
Admiralty court
Provostship
Officiality
Seigneurial court
Bailiff
Maréchaussée
Code Noir
Economy
Seigneurial system
Fur trade
Company of 100 Associates
Crozat's Company
Mississippi Company
Compagnie de l'Occident
Chemin du Roy
Coureur des bois
Voyageurs
Society
Population
1666 census
Habitants
King's Daughters
Casquette girls
Métis
Amerindians
Slavery
Plaçage
Gens de couleur libres
Religion
Jesuit missions
Récollets
Grey Nuns
Ursulines
Sulpicians
War and peace
Military of New France
Intercolonial Wars
French and Iroquois Wars
Great Upheaval
Great Peace of Montreal
Schenectady massacre
Deerfield massacre
Related
French colonization of the Americas
French colonial empire
History of Quebec
History of the Acadians
History of the French-Americans
French West Indies
Carib Expulsion
Atlantic slave trade
Category
Portal
Commons
[show]
v
t
e
Communities along the Chemin du Roy
Arranged west to east; termini in italics
Repentigny
Saint-Sulpice
L'Assomption
Lavaltrie
Lanoraie
Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier
Berthierville
Saint-Cuthbert
Saint-Barthélemy
Maskinongé
Louiseville
Yamachiche
Trois-Rivières
Champlain
Batiscan
Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade
Deschambault-Grondines
Portneuf
Cap-Santé
Donnacona
Neuville
Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
Quebec City
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&oldid=821833372"
Categories:
Quebec City
World Heritage Sites in Canada
Populated places on the Saint Lawrence River
Populated places established in 1608
1608 establishments in New France
Former colonial capitals in Canada
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
Port settlements in Quebec
French mission settlements in North America
1608 in North America
1608 in Canada
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from December 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Articles with French-language external links
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Webarchive template wayback links
Use Canadian English from March 2014
All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English
Use dmy dates from March 2015
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles with hAudio microformats
Articles including recorded pronunciations (English)
Articles containing French-language text
Articles needing additional references from April 2016
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
አማርኛ
Ænglisc
العربية
Avañe'ẽ
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut
Ирон
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Kalaallisut
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Кыргызча
Ladino
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Lumbaart
Magyar
Malagasy
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
日本語
Нохчийн
Nordfriisk
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Papiamentu
Picard
Piemontèis
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Саха тыла
Sardu
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Twi
Українська
اردو
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
Vahcuengh
Tiếng Việt
Volapük
Winaray
Wolof
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 January 2018, at 22:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/File:Quebec_City_Montage_2016.jpg
image
Skyline of Quebec

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg
image
Flag of Quebec

values:
/wiki/File:Quebec_city_map_Canada.svg
image
Quebec city map

values:
/wiki/File:Canada_location_map.svg
image
Quebec is located in Canada

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display: none; width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto width:250px;padding:0

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/Region_(Quebec)
mw-redirect
Region (Quebec)

values:
/wiki/Agglomeration_of_Quebec_City
mw-redirect
Agglomeration of Quebec City

values: font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; display: none; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border:none; padding: 0;
NavFrame2

values: List of Quebec provincial electoral districts

values:
/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Quebec
mw-redirect
Liberal Party of Quebec

values:
/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Quebec
mw-redirect
Coalition Avenir Quebec

values:
/wiki/Parti_Quebecois
mw-redirect
Parti Quebecois

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border:none; padding: 0;
NavFrame3

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time
mw-redirect
Eastern Daylight Time

values:
/wiki/Canadian_postal_code
mw-redirect
Canadian postal code

values:
/wiki/List_of_G_postal_codes_of_Canada
mw-redirect
List of G postal codes of Canada

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values: List of North American cities by year of foundation

values: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

values:
/wiki/La_Citadelle
mw-redirect
La Citadelle

values:
/wiki/Definite_article
mw-redirect
Definite article

values: Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia

values:
/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1627-29)
mw-redirect
Anglo-French War (1627-29)

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Republic_of_China
mw-redirect
Republic of China

values:
/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763-1791)
mw-redirect
Province of Quebec (1763-1791)

values: Panorama of Quebec City's skyline (2009)

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1008px;

values: more common than elsewhere? (March 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Jean_Lesage_International_Airport
mw-redirect
Jean Lesage International Airport

values: background: #930000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #68FF68; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #007E00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #C9C900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #F0F010; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values:
/wiki/Environment_Canada
mw-redirect
Environment Canada

values: width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;

values:
/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Sillery, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Loretteville,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Loretteville, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Val-B%C3%A9lair,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Val-Bélair, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Cap-Rouge, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Vanier,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Vanier, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Lac-Saint-Charles,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values: Montcalm, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Saint-Sauveur, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Saint-Sacrement, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Les_Rivi%C3%A8res_(Quebec_City)
mw-redirect
Les Rivières (Quebec City)

values: Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf (page does not exist)

values: Duberger-Les Saules (page does not exist)

values: Cité universitaire, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Saint-Louis, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Plateau, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Pointe-de-Ste-Foy, Quebec (page does not exist)

values: L'Aéroport, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Charlesbourg, Quebec

values: Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides (page does not exist)

values: Jésuites, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Beauport, Quebec

values: Chutes-Montmorency, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Vieux-Moulin, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/La_Haute-Saint-Charles
mw-redirect
La Haute-Saint-Charles

values: Des Châtels, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right

values: width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;

values: Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec

values:
/wiki/Industrial_Alliance
mw-redirect
Industrial Alliance

values:
/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Civilisation
mw-redirect
Musée de la Civilisation

values:
/wiki/Canada%27s_railway_hotels
mw-redirect
Canada's railway hotels

values:
/wiki/Canadian_Forces
mw-redirect
Canadian Forces

values:
/wiki/Parliament_of_Quebec
mw-redirect
Parliament of Quebec

values: List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City

values:
/wiki/Fete_nationale_du_Qu%C3%A9bec
mw-redirect
Fete nationale du Québec

values:
/wiki/Ice_Hotel_(Qu%C3%A9bec)
mw-redirect
Ice Hotel (Québec)

values: Jardin zoologique du Québec (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Parc_Aquarium_du_Qu%C3%A9bec
mw-redirect
Parc Aquarium du Québec

values:
/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality
mw-redirect
Halifax Regional Municipality

values:
/wiki/Minor_hockey
mw-redirect
Minor hockey

values:
/wiki/Quebec_Capitales
mw-redirect
Quebec Capitales

values: Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball

values:
/wiki/Stade_Municipal_(Quebec_City)
mw-redirect
Stade Municipal (Quebec City)

values:
/wiki/Laval_Rouge-et-Or
mw-redirect
Laval Rouge-et-Or

values:
/wiki/Quebec_City_Amiral
mw-redirect
Quebec City Amiral

values:
/wiki/Denver,_Colorado
mw-redirect
Denver, Colorado

values:
/wiki/Major_junior
mw-redirect
Major junior

values:
/wiki/Winter_Olympics
mw-redirect
Winter Olympics

values:
/wiki/Price_Building
mw-redirect
Price Building

values:
/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Sainte-Foy, Quebec

values: École nationale d'administration publique

values: Institut national de la recherche scientifique

values: Commission des écoles catholiques de Québec

values:
/wiki/Maritime_Provinces
mw-redirect
Maritime Provinces

values: Societe de l'assurance automobile du Quebec

values:
/wiki/Quebec_City-Windsor_Corridor
mw-redirect
Quebec City-Windsor Corridor

values:
/wiki/Orleans_Express
mw-redirect
Orleans Express

values: Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport

values: Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec

values:
/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities
mw-redirect
Twin towns and sister cities

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555

values:
nofollow
external text
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/300

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.wdl.org/en/item/224

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1027-5606

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.morrin.org/pages/anglos.php

values:
nofollow
http://www.tourdequebec.com/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

values: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

values: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

values: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.quebecregion.com/e/index.asp

values:
nofollow
http://www.quebecregion.com/f/
external text

attrs: alt src title width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality

values: La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality

values: L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg
image
Flag of Quebec City

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: 2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec

values: Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Quebec_Metropolitan_Community
mw-redirect
Quebec Metropolitan Community

values: Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, Quebec

values: L'Île-d'Orleans Regional County Municipality, Quebec

values: La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, Quebec

values: La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, Quebec

values:
/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Quebec
mw-redirect
Urban agglomeration of Quebec

values: Lévis (territory equivalent to a regional county municipality)

values: La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality, Quebec

values: col navbox-title 2 background-color:white;

values: width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;

values: width:100%;padding:0px;background-color:white;;-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000;

values: Template talk:Subdivisions of Quebec City

values: Boroughs of Quebec City since 1 November, 2009

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: Duberger-Les Saules, Quebec City (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Habitation_at_Port-Royal
mw-redirect
Habitation at Port-Royal

values: List of Acadian lieutenant-generals (page does not exist)

values: List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador

values: List of lieutenant-generals of Terre-Neuve (page does not exist)

values: Intendant of Louisiana (page does not exist)

values: Superior Council of Louisiana (page does not exist)

values: List of governors of Île Royale (page does not exist)

values: Intendant of Île Royale (page does not exist)

values: Superior Council of Île Royale (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Population_of_New_France
mw-redirect
Population of New France

values:
/wiki/Gens_de_couleur_libres
mw-redirect
Gens de couleur libres

values:
/wiki/Society_of_Saint-Sulpice
mw-redirect
Society of Saint-Sulpice

values:
/wiki/Yamachiche,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Yamachiche, Quebec

values: Category:Populated places on the Saint Lawrence River

values: Category:Populated places established in 1608

values: Category:1608 establishments in New France

values: Category:Former colonial capitals in Canada

values: Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts

values: Category:French mission settlements in North America

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)

values: Category:Articles with French-language external links

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use Canadian English from March 2014

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Articles including recorded pronunciations (English)

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Quebec_City
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: ኬበክ ከተማ – Amharic

values: مدينة كيبك – Arabic

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Квебек (горад) – Belarusian

values: Квэбэк (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Квебек (град) – Bulgarian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Κεμπέκ (πόλη) – Greek

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebeko
Kebeko – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values: Քվեբեկ (քաղաք) – Armenian

values: क्यूबेक नगर – Hindi

values: Квебек (сахар) – Ossetic

values: קוויבק סיטי – Hebrew

values: კვებეკი (ქალაქი) – Georgian

values: Квебек (қала) – Kazakh

values: Квебек – Kyrgyz

values: क्वेबेक सिटी – Marathi

values: ケベック・シティー – Japanese

values: Квебек (гӀала) – Chechen

values:
https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchubec
Tchubec – Norman
nrm
nrm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebek
Kvebek – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values: ਕੇਬੈੱਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi

values: Квебек (город) – Russian

values: Куэбэк (куорат) – Sakha

values: Квебек (град) – Serbian

values: கியூபெக் நகரம் – Tamil

values: นครควิเบก – Thai

values: Квебек (місто) – Ukrainian

values: کیوبک شہر – Urdu

values:
https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec
Quebec – Zhuang
za
za
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Quebec_City rootpage-Quebec_City skin-vector action-view