text:
War Machine (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
War Machine
Film poster
Directed by
David Michôd
Produced by
Brad Pitt
Dede Gardner
Jeremy Kleiner
Ted Sarandos
Ian Bryce
Written by
David Michôd
Based on
The Operators
by Michael Hastings
Starring
Brad Pitt
Emory Cohen
RJ Cyler
Topher Grace
Anthony Michael Hall
Anthony Hayes
John Magaro
Scoot McNairy
Will Poulter
Alan Ruck
Lakeith Stanfield
Josh Stewart
Meg Tilly
Tilda Swinton
Ben Kingsley
Tim Downie
Music by
Nick Cave
Warren Ellis
Cinematography
Dariusz Wolski
Edited by
Peter Sciberras
Production
company
Plan B Entertainment
New Regency
RatPac Entertainment
Distributed by
Netflix
Release date
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24) (High Street Phoenix)
May 26, 2017 (2017-05-26) (United States)
Running time
122 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$60 million[1]
War Machine is a 2017 American satirical war film directed and written by David Michôd, based on the nonfiction book The Operators by Michael Hastings. It is a fictionalized version of the events in the book based on United States Army General Stanley McChrystal.[2]
The film stars Brad Pitt, Anthony Michael Hall, Anthony Hayes, Topher Grace, Will Poulter, Tilda Swinton and Ben Kingsley. It was released on Netflix on May 26, 2017.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Marketing
4.2 Critical response
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In the summer of 2009, Four-star General Glen McMahon (Brad Pitt), having won renown for his effective leadership in Iraq, is sent to Afghanistan to prepare an assessment so that the government can end the ongoing war.[4][5] He is given wide latitudes to write it, on the sole condition that he not request more troops. McMahon and his staff, particularly his right hand man Major General Greg Pulver (Anthony Michael Hall), are united in their belief that the war can be won, and decide to recommend that President Obama authorize a surge of 40,000 additional troops to secure Helmand province in order to stabilize the country. However, the Secretary of State (Sian Thomas) informs McMahon that his report will not be reviewed until after the upcoming presidential election.
Captain Badi Basim (Aymen Hamdouchi), a member of the ANA, joins McMahon's staff as a "representative" of the Afghan people. He arrives, however, in civilian clothes as he would rather not wear his uniform, which he has in a bag, outside the compound near his home as he walked. Meanwhile, McMahon is informed that, due to alleged irregularities in the counting of votes, a runoff election will have to be held, delaying the review of the assessment further. Fed up, McMahon secretly leaks the assessment to the Washington Post and organizes an interview with 60 Minutes, during which he reveals that, in the last seventy days, he has only been granted one meeting with the president. In response, the government announces that they will send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan, and that all US and coalition forces in the country will leave in 18 months. To gather the remaining 10,000 troops needed for his strategy to work, McMahon and his men head to Paris to negotiate with the other coalition nations.
In Paris, McMahon learns that the president is passing through, and wishes to meet with him. The ambassador to Afghanistan (Alan Ruck) warns McMahon that he needs to understand his position: if he continues to anger the president, he will be fired for insubordination. The president, however, merely shakes his hand as he climbs aboard Air Force One due to time constraints, and McMahon and his staff attend a dinner in McMahon's honor, accompanied by Rolling Stone writer Sean Cullen (Scoot McNairy), who intends to write a feature story about his performance for an upcoming issue. The next day, during their anniversary dinner, McMahon's wife Jeanie confronts him about how much time he's spending fighting abroad instead of being with his family back home.
While on route to Berlin with McMahon's staff to continue negotiations, Cullen observes their behavior and concludes that they are arrogant and seem to care little about the growing public perception that the war is costly and wasteful. At a conference to discuss his strategy, McMahon is confronted by a German official (Tilda Swinton) who is skeptical of his approach and suggests that McMahon's plans would only lead to more losses. Nevertheless, both the Germans and the French agree to furnish the troops needed for his planned offensive, codenamed "Operation Moshtarak", to begin, with Afghan President Hamid Karzai's (Ben Kingsley) approval.
The operation launches, but soon runs into trouble when several civilians are accidentally killed against McMahon's instructions. When he holds a public meeting to explain the incident, the crowd grows hostile and demands that he and his troops leave. Worse, McMahon learns that Cullen's article has been published, and paints a negative picture of him and his staff as openly speaking against the president and mishandling the war effort. Knowing that he will be fired for his actions, McMahon returns to Washington and later takes a job as a civilian consultant.
In the aftermath, Cullen ponders the consequences of his article, noting that he wished the fall of McMahon would finally convince the government to stop invading foreign countries and end the war in Afghanistan. Instead, however, the government simply assigns a new general to replace McMahon: General Bob White (Russell Crowe).
Cast[edit]
McMahon's Entourage
Brad Pitt as General Glen McMahon,[6] a character based on General Stanley McChrystal.[7] He is portrayed as an accomplished general with degrees from West Point and Yale[8] brought in to bring a resolution to the conflict in Afghanistan.
Anthony Hayes[9] as Lieutenant Commander Pete Duckman, a Navy SEAL and member of McMahon's staff, possibly based on Navy SEAL David Silverman.
Emory Cohen[10] as Sgt. Willy Dunne, General McMahon's body man.
RJ Cyler as USAF Tech Sgt. Andy Moon, information technology support assistant.[11]
Daniel Betts as USN Rear Admiral Simon Ball, McMahon's Senior Public Affairs Officer.
Topher Grace as Matt Little, a former lobbyist turned McMahon's civilian media adviser.[12]
Anthony Michael Hall as Major General Greg Pulver, ISAF Director of Intelligence,[13] loosely based on Lt. General Michael Flynn.
John Magaro as Colonel Cory Staggart, an Army Ranger and General McMahon's executive officer.[14]
Aymen Hamdouchi as Captain Badi Basim, a scholarly Afghan National Army officer who becomes General McMahon's aide-de-camp.
Scoot McNairy[15] as Sean Cullen, a cynical journalist for Rolling Stone who accompanies McMahon and his staff and acts as narrator throughout the film, loosely based on author Michael Hastings.
Meg Tilly as Jeanie McMahon,[16] McMahon's wife.
US Diplomats
Sian Thomas as United States Secretary of State Edith May, based on Hillary Rodham Clinton
Alan Ruck as Pat McKinnon, United States Ambassador to Afghanistan loosely based on Karl Eikenberry.
Nicholas Jones as Dick Waddle, loosely based on Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke.
Griffin Dunne as Ray Canucci, a United States Department of State senior official.
Politicians
Ben Kingsley as President Hamid Karzai[17]
Reggie Brown as President Barack Obama
Tilda Swinton as a German politician
Combat Marines
Will Poulter as Sgt. Ricky Ortega, a Marine Corps infantry squad leader.[18]
Keith Stanfield as Cpl. Billy Cole, a disillusioned Marine and member of Ortega's squad.[19]
Josh Stewart as Captain Dick North, a Marine Corps officer.
Other
Georgina Rylance as Lydia Cunningham, 60 Minutes journalist.
Russell Crowe[20] as General Bob White (uncredited), General Glen McMahon's replacement similar to David Petraeus.
Production[edit]
On April 27, 2012, it was announced that New Regency and Plan B Entertainment had acquired the film adaptation rights to the 2011 best seller non-fiction book The Operators by Michael Hastings.[21] On April 14, 2014, David Michôd was hired to write and direct the film based on the war in Afghanistan.[7] Brad Pitt was attached to star as General Stanley McChrystal and produce the film along with his Plan B partners Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner, while the film would be financed by New Regency and RatPac Entertainment.[7]
On June 8, 2015, Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the film which was re-titled War Machine, while Ian Bryce also came on board to produce the film along with others.[22] On June 17, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that there had been a budget issue between New Regency and RatPac with producers of Plan B, and thus Netflix had stepped in to buy the distribution rights for $60 million.[1]
On August 4, 2015, Emory Cohen was cast in the film to play a member of Gen. McChrystal's staff.[10] On August 10, 2015, Topher Grace joined the film to play Gen. Stanley McChrystal's civilian press adviser.[12] On August 11, 2015, John Magaro signed on to play Cory Burger, a special ops soldier and close advisor to General McMahon.[14] On August 14, 2015, Scoot McNairy joined the cast of the film.[15] On August 19, 2015, Anthony Michael Hall was added to the cast to play General Hank Pulver, loosely based on General Mike Flynn.[13] On August 20, 2015, Keith Stanfield signed on to the film.[19] The same day, Will Poulter also joined the cast for an unspecified role.[18] On August 25, Anthony Hayes joined the film.[9] On October 23, 2015, TheWrap revealed that RJ Cyler had also joined the film.[11] Alan Ruck was spotted filming.[23] Meg Tilly was also spotted but her casting was not then officially confirmed.[16] It was later reported Ben Kingsley and Tilda Swinton had been cast.[24]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began in mid-October 2015 in London.[25][26][27] Later on October 19, filming began in Abu Dhabi, the city was transformed into Kabul, streets into a military fortress, an old building as an American Embassy in Kabul, and a street as a Palestinian border crossing.[28][29] Filming also took place at the Abu Dhabi International Airport in November.[29] Some scenes were also filmed at the Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey, England.[23] In mid-November 2015, while final scenes were being shot, actors were spotted filming in Ras al-Khaimah and the city's old neighborhood was transformed into Pakistani villages and a military base-camp.[30]
Release[edit]
The film was released on Netflix on May 26, 2017.[31]
Marketing[edit]
Brad Pitt visited Mumbai to promote the film and attended a special screening at PVR High Street Phoenix on May 24, 2017.[32] He also met Indian superstar Shah Rukh Khan to promote War Machine.
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 54% based on 73 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War Machine's uneven execution keeps its fact-based story from cleanly hitting its targets, but those flaws are frequently offset by sharp wit and solid acting."[33] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a 56 out of 100 score, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[34]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b McClintock, Pamela (June 17, 2015). "Whoa: Netflix Actually Paid $60M for Brad Pitt's Politically Charged Military Satire". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ McGinley, Michael (May 3, 2017). "Brad Pitt Talks Divorce, Quitting Drinking, and Becoming a Better Man". GQ. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Brad Pitt prepares for battle in shahid's.com 'War Machine' trailer". CNET.
Jump up ^ Grow, Kory (March 30, 2017). "See Brad Pitt Play Runaway General in 'War Machine' Trailer". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Crothers, Jennifer (31 March 2017). "The trailer for Brad Pitt's Netflix film War Machine is here". The Mirror. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Brad Pitt Looks Like a Ken Doll on the Set of Upcoming Netflix Drama 'War Machine' -- See the Pics!". etonline.com. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fleming Jr, Mike (April 14, 2014). "New Regency Taps Brad Pitt, David Michod To Tell Gen. Stanley McChrystal Afghan Story 'The Operators'". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mancini, Vince. "Brad Pitt And David Michôd’s ‘War Machine’ Is An Absurd, Tragicomic Home Run".
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Justin (August 25, 2015). "'Animal Kingdom' Actor Anthony Hayes Joins ‘War Machine’ With Brad Pitt (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A. Lincoln, Ross (August 4, 2015). "Joey King Will Be 'Going In Style'; Emory Cohen Enlists In Netflix's 'War Machine'". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Sneider, Jeff (October 23, 2015). "'Power Rangers' Movie Adds 'Me and Earl and the Dying Girl' Star RJ Cyler as Blue Ranger". thewrap.com. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (August 10, 2015). "Topher Grace Joins Brad Pitt In Netflix Black Comedy 'War Machine'". Variety. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Busch, Anita (August 19, 2015). "Anthony Michael Hall Joins Brad Pitt In Netflix’s 'War Machine'". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A. Lincoln, Ross (August 11, 2015). "John Magaro Joins 'War Machine'; Jason Fuchs Moves To 'La La Land'". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike (August 14, 2015). "Scoot McNairy Joins Brad Pitt In Netflix's 'War Machine'". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Evry, Max (November 20, 2015). "Brad Pitt in Set Photos from Netflix's War Machine". comingsoon.net. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ben Kingsley teaches Patricia Clarkson how to drive in new dramedy". Toronto Sun. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (August 20, 2015). "Will Poulter Joins Brad Pitt in Netflix’s 'War Machine'". Variety. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Sneider, Jeff (August 20, 2015). "'Straight Outta Compton's Keith Stanfield Joins Brad Pitt's Netflix Movie 'War Machine' (Exclusive)". thewrap.com. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Drew (26 May 2017). "Director David Michôd on Why Netflix's 'War Machine' Could Never Be Made at a Studio". Movie Fone. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Rachel (April 27, 2012). "New Regency, Plan B dial ‘Operators’". Variety. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (June 8, 2015). "Game Changer! Netflix Lands 'War Machine', Brad Pitt's Next Star Vehicle". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Brad Pitt pictured in full military gear as he heads to work to film scenes for movie War Machine at Dunsfold Aerodrome". The Daily Mail. November 13, 2015. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Netflix Acquires Charlie McDowell's 'The Discovery' Starring Rooney Mara, Robert Redford and Jason Segel". Netflix. June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ FOX-Leonard, Boudicca (October 17, 2015). "Brad Pitt looks GREY-t as silver fox on London set of new film War Machine". Daily Mirror. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Silver fox Brad Pitt debuts dyed grey hairdo as he brings twins Knox and Vivienne along to the set of satirical comedy War Machine in London". The Daily Mail. October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brad Pitt Is the Ultimate Silver Fox on the Set of War Machine (Move Over, Clooney!)". usmagazine.com. October 19, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sheridan, Wade (October 15, 2015). "Brad Pitt's Netflix original movie 'War Machine' to start production in Abu Dhabi". upi.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Quiet Abu Dhabi street transforms into War Machine film set". thenational.ae. October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "RAK becomes celebrity zone as Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie fly down to the emirate". thenational.ae. November 14, 2015. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brad Pitt prepares for battle in Netflix's 'War Machine' trailer". CNET.
Jump up ^ "Brad Pitt is in Mumbai to attend War Machine screening, to meet Shah Rukh Khan". The Indian Express. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "War Machine (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "War Machine reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
External links[edit]
War Machine on Netflix
War Machine on IMDb
War Machine at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by David Michôd
Ezra White, LL.B. (2006)
Crossbow (2007)
Netherland Dwarf (2008)
Solo (2008)
Inside the Square (2009)
Animal Kingdom (2010)
The Rover (2014)
War Machine (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Brad Pitt
Producer
The Departed (2006)
Running with Scissors (2006)
A Mighty Heart (2007)
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007)
Kick-Ass (2010)
Eat Pray Love (2010)
The Tree of Life (2011)
Moneyball (2011)
Killing Them Softly (2012)
World War Z (2013)
Kick-Ass 2 (2013)
12 Years a Slave (2013)
By the Sea (2015)
The Big Short (2015)
Moonlight (2016)
The Lost City of Z (2016)
War Machine (2017)
Brad's Status (2017)
Related articles
Awards
Filmography
Plan B Entertainment
Rusty Ryan
Douglas Pitt
[hide]
v
t
e
Netflix films and documentaries
Current
Documentaries
The Zen of Bennett (2012)
The Short Game (2013)
The Square (2014)
Mitt (2014)
The Battered Bastards of Baseball (2014)
Print the Legend (2014)
E-Team (2014)
Virunga (2014)
Hot Girls Wanted (2015)
What Happened, Miss Simone? (2015)
Tig (2015)
Winter on Fire: Ukraine's Fight for Freedom (2015)
My Beautiful Broken Brain (2016)
Extremis (2016)
The White Helmets (2016)
Audrie & Daisy (2016)
Amanda Knox (2016)
13th (2016)
Into the Inferno (2016)
I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (2016)
The Ivory Game (2016)
Casting JonBenet (2017)
Get Me Roger Stone (2017)
Joshua: Teenager vs. Superpower (2017)
Films
Beasts of No Nation (2015)
A Very Murray Christmas (2015)
The Ridiculous 6 (2015)
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016)
Pee-wee's Big Holiday (2016)
Special Correspondents (2016)
The Do-Over (2016)
The Fundamentals of Caring (2016)
Brahman Naman (2016)
Rebirth (2016)
Tallulah (2016)
XOXO (2016)
ARQ (2016)
The Siege of Jadotville (2016)
Mascots (2016)
I Am the Pretty Thing That Lives in the House (2016)
7 Años (2016)
True Memoirs of an International Assassin (2016)
Mercy (2016)
Spectral (2016)
Barry (2016)
Coin Heist (2017)
Clinical (2017)
Take the 10 (2017)
iBoy (2017)
Imperial Dreams (2017)
Girlfriend's Day (2017)
I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (2017)
Burning Sands (2017)
Deidra & Laney Rob a Train (2017)
The Most Hated Woman in America (2017)
The Discovery (2017)
Win It All (2017)
Sandy Wexler (2017)
Sand Castle (2017)
Tramps (2017)
Small Crimes (2017)
Handsome: A Netflix Mystery Movie (2017)
Blame! (2017)
War Machine (2017)
Shimmer Lake (2017)
You Get Me (2017)
Okja (2017)
To the Bone (2017)
The Incredible Jessica James (2017)
Naked (2017)
What Happened to Monday (2017)
Death Note (2017)
Little Evil (2017)
Upcoming
films
First They Killed My Father (2017)
Gerald's Game (2017)
Our Souls at Night (2017)
The Meyerowitz Stories (2017)
The Babysitter (2017)
Wheelman (2017)
Mudbound (2017)
Bright (2017)
6 Balloons (2017)
A Futile and Stupid Gesture (2017)
Brain on Fire (2017)
Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters (2017)
Mute (2017)
The Angel (2018)
Game Over, Man! (2018)
Outlaw King (2018)
The Other Side of the Wind (2018)
The Irishman (2019)
The Week Of (2018)
Apostle (TBA)
Come Sunday (TBA)
Dude (TBA)
Happy Anniversary (TBA)
Hold the Dark (TBA)
Nappily Ever After (TBA)
Newness (TBA)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_Machine_(film)&oldid=799672989"
Categories:
2017 films
English-language films
Films directed by David Michod
American films
Films shot in London
Films shot in Abu Dhabi
Films set in Afghanistan
Films based on non-fiction books
Films based on military novels
Films set in 2010
2010s satirical films
War films based on actual events
Drama films based on actual events
Comedy films based on actual events
American war films
American comedy films
2010s war films
Plan B Entertainment films
Films produced by Brad Pitt
War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) films
American political films
Films about military personnel
Films shot in Surrey
Netflix original films
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Català
Deutsch
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Português
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 9 September 2017, at 04:30.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: scope style

value: li

values:
/wiki/New_Regency
mw-redirect
New Regency

values:
/wiki/RatPac_Entertainment
mw-redirect
RatPac Entertainment

values:
/wiki/Helmand_province
mw-redirect
Helmand province

values:
/wiki/Washington_Post
mw-redirect
Washington Post

values:
/wiki/Ronald_Cyler_II
mw-redirect
Ronald Cyler II

values:
/wiki/Keith_Stanfield
mw-redirect
Keith Stanfield

values:
/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn
mw-redirect
Michael T. Flynn

values:
/wiki/The_Daily_Mail
mw-redirect
The Daily Mail

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.netflix.com/title/80068327

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4758646/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of awards and nominations received by Brad Pitt

values: Template:Netflix films and documentaries

values: Template talk:Netflix films and documentaries

values: List of original programs distributed by Netflix

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Films based on non-fiction books

values: Category:War films based on actual events

values: Category:Drama films based on actual events

values: Category:Comedy films based on actual events

values: Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) films

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/War_Machine_(film)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: آلة حرب (فيلم) – Arabic

values: War Machine (pel·lícula de 2017) – Catalan

values: ماشین جنگ (فیلم) – Persian

values: ウォー・マシーン: 戦争は話術だ! – Japanese

values: Машина війни – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-War_Machine_film rootpage-War_Machine_film skin-vector action-view


text:
Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Fullmetal Alchemist:
The Sacred Star of Milos
Theatrical release poster
Japanese
鋼の錬金術師 嘆きの丘（ミロス）の聖なる星
Hepburn
Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Mirosu no Sei-naru Hoshi
Directed by
Kazuya Murata
Produced by
Masahiko Minami
Hirō Maruyama
Ryo Ōyama
Nobuyuki Kurashige
Fumi Teranishi
Arimasa Okada
Shin Furukawa
Screenplay by
Yuichi Shinbo
Based on
Fullmetal Alchemist
by Hiromu Arakawa
Starring
Romi Park
Rie Kugimiya
Maaya Sakamoto
Toshiyuki Morikawa
Sakiko Tamagawa
Shin-ichiro Miki
Fumiko Orikasa
Megumi Takamoto
Kenji Utsumi
Music by
Taro Iwashiro
Cinematography
Yoshiyuki Takei
Edited by
Kumiko Sakamoto
Production
companies
Bones
Distributed by
Shochiku
Release date
May 2, 2011 (2011-05-02) (Tokyo)
July 2, 2011 (2011-07-02) (Japan)
Running time
111 minutes
Country
Japan
Language
Japanese
Box office
$7.4 million (Japan)[1]
Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos (Japanese: 鋼の錬金術師 嘆きの丘（ミロス）の聖なる星, Hepburn: Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Mirosu no Sei-naru Hoshi) is the second Japanese animated theatrical film based on Hiromu Arakawa's Fullmetal Alchemist franchise, released in 2011. The film was first announced after the airing of the final episode of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. The Japanese premiere was on July 2, 2011.
Funimation Entertainment has licensed the film and released it in the United States in 2012.[2] The film was distributed by Eleven Arts for North America, showing at more than 100 theaters. In the UK, Manga Entertainment screened the film at BFI South Bank on June 8, 2012, followed by a home video release on September 3, 2012.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 New characters
3 Development
3.1 Music
3.2 Specials
4 Reception
4.1 Accolades
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
The movie begins with a young girl, Julia Crichton, waking up from a dream about the day her family was forcibly taken from her home by soldiers beside her older brother Ashleigh, who is currently studying their parents' alchemy books. Ashleigh then shows his sister some pages and explains that with the alchemy in the book, he hopes to make a world that no one's seen before. Soon after discovering two strange rubbed-out pages, the siblings hear some strange noises and Ashleigh goes ahead to investigate, but a worried Julia follows to a room where she finds the bodies of her parents hung up and dripping blood. She watches in horror as her brother is attacked and presumably murdered to which she faints.
Years later, a criminal breaks free from prison in Amestris, and the Elric brothers, Edward and Alphonse, join the effort to recapture him. The duo confronts the escapee who proves himself a dangerous opponent able to create ice and lightning from the alchemy circles drawn in blood on the palms of his hands. Despite the Elrics' efforts to capture the criminal, he ends up escaping, and after some investigation with Edward's superior Roy Mustang and his lieutenant Riza Hawkeye, they learn that the fugitive, Melvin Voyager, escaped with only six months remaining of his five-year sentence. Among his belongings, they find a newspaper page with a piece cut off, and comparing with an intact copy of the same page, they find that the missing piece is a photo of a young woman named Julia Crichton who was arrested while entering illegally in the remote Table City, set in the border between Amestris and Creta.
Intrigued by the alchemy used by the criminal and his connection with Julia, the Elrics board a train to Table City to investigate further, but the train is attacked by an unknown individual who transforms into a wolf-chimera and takes control of the locomotive. While trying to retake the train's control from the Wolf-Chimera, flying soldiers called the Black Bats attack the train, attempting to rescue what they think are ordinary citizens, but they fall back after finding out the prisoners were Amestrians posing as prisoners as a trap. Meanwhile, Melvin finds his opportunity and escapes, followed after by the Elric Brothers. Ed and Al arrive at a prison, where Melvin destroyed the prison walls to find Julia. Melvin attempts to retrieve Julia, but is interrupted by Miranda, the leader of the Black Bats, who tries to rescue Julia as well. Ed then challenges Melvin while Alphonse goes to save Julia. She and he fall into a village in a vast chasm (The Valley) that surrounds Table City, where Melvin follows and reveals his true identity as Julia's brother, Ashleigh Crichton. Ed then ventures down to The Valley in search of Alphonse, where he learns that Table City was originally the Hill of Milos, until Creta and later Amestris invaded the city and occupied it, forcing the Milosians to live in The Valley, in poverty.
Inside the Black Bats' secret base, Julia and Alphonse develop a friendship while Julia learns about Al and Ed's tragic past of human transmutation. Later, when Ed meets up with Al in the Black Bats base, they find themselves hunted down by wolf chimeras from the Cretan secret police dispatched by Colonel Herschel, the Cretan commander of the area, prompting them to retreat further. They and the Elrics arrive in a room with maps and locations of Table City, where Miranda explains to the Elrics their mission: to reclaim Milos by using the Sanguine Star to control a powerful heat source called Magma. Miranda also explains that the Sanguine Star was a 'red glowing stone of power'. Shocked by the description, the Elrics reveal that the Star might be a Philosopher's Stone, which requires human sacrifice to create. Though shocked at the revelation, Julia is determined to do anything to secure the Milosians' freedom, and Ashleigh agrees to help her.
Wanting to avoid a bloody war, Ed and Al return to Table City in an attempt to find the Star and destroy it. Later that night, the Black Bats begin their assault on Table City. Miranda, Ashley, and Julia then venture to the main tower, where, suddenly, Ashleigh fatally injures Miranda and explains to Julia that the use of Miranda's blood activates a three dimensional transmutation circle drawn in blood to create the Sanguine Star. Julia then realizes that he is an impostor, Security Chief Atlas, who was enveloped by alchemy's potential of creation and power and killed Julia's parents for it. He explains that he tore off the real Ashleigh's face and the skin from his lower left side to deceive Julia and create the Star. Ed and Al arrive to rescue Julia and confront Atlas, who escapes to the location of the Star. As Ed, Al, and Julia chase after Atlas, Herschel detonates a Cretan thermal power plant, pouring out a massive amount of lava towards the Valley. Al goes to help save the valley while Ed and Julia go after Atlas. Atlas nearly attempts to retrieve the Star, only to be confronted by Ed and Julia. Julia retrieves the star and decides to save the Valley by swallowing it to use its power.
Meanwhile, Alphonse's attempt to stop the lava are futile until Julia arrives to help him stop the lava. Atlas arrives to take back the Star, only to be confronted by Colonel Herschel, who reveals himself to be the real Ashleigh Crichton. He survived by swallowing a Star and using its power to heal his wounds. Ashleigh then kills Atlas in revenge for the death of his parents. Confirming his identity to Julia while apologizing for leaving her alone for so long to keep her safe from Atlas, Ashleigh tells Julia to come with him to Creta so they can make a world that no one had ever seen before. Julia refuses and decides to fight her brother, with Ed and Mustang arriving to provide assistance. Julia ends the fight by destroying one of Ashleigh's arms. Then, together with Ed and Al, she manages to stop the flow of magma into the Valley. With the Valley safe, Julia uses the rest of her power to heal Ashleigh, restoring his face and saving his life. However, both Ashleigh and Julia's Stars disintegrate, and Julia sacrifices her left leg and glimpses the Gate of Truth. Meanwhile, on the Cretan side of the border, Milosian resistance fighters seize Creta's main base and declare independence. Without Colonel Herschel to lead them, the Cretan forces retreat.
The next morning, Ashleigh wakes up in a hospital bed alongside Julia and is surprised to find his face restored. When Julia wakes up, she is informed that Ashleigh had already left, and is given an automail leg. She then meets Ed and Al as they prepare to leave Table City. Ed chastises Julia, saying that her decision to use the Star was wrong, but he doesn't think she's a bad person. Al promises to Julia that after he and his brother get their bodies back, they will be sure to visit. Julia tells them she will be waiting, as she must stay to lead the Milosians and preserve their newfound independence. Meanwhile, Ashleigh is seen donning his Cretan uniform and returning to Creta. Ed and Al then board a train to Central and take one last look at Table City before leaving.
New characters[edit]
Julia Crichton (ジュリア・クライトン, Juria Kuraiton)
Voiced by: Maaya Sakamoto (Japanese); Alexis Tipton (English)
She comes from a family of alchemists from Creta, a country on the western border of Amestris, and uses a form of alchemy the Elric brothers are unfamiliar with, allowing her to heal injuries. She was taken in as a child by the residents of Milos, a slum located at the bottom of the trench separating Amestris and Creta, and occupied by Cretan survivors of the skirmish between countries, after her parents were branded as traitors of her country and killed and her brother Ashleigh disappearing. As a member of Milos's resistance against the Amestrian-occupied Table City, she believes the only way to achieve victory is by harnessing the power of the Philosopher's Stone, which she uses to protect Milos from Atlas, a villain posing as her missing brother, and later from her own power-mad brother himself. She uses the rest of the stone's power to save her brother from death by opening the Gate of Truth at the cost of her left leg.
Melvin Voyager (メルビン・ボイジャー, Merubin Boijā)
Voiced by: Toshiyuki Morikawa (Japanese); Matt Mercer (English)
An escaped alchemist who claims to be Julia's long-lost brother Ashleigh. He uses the same form of alchemy Julia practices, which he uses to crystallize water into snow. He is revealed later in the film to be an impostor named Atlas (アトラス, Atorasu), a former guard of the Crichton family, who murdered the real Ashleigh and Julia's parents and disguised himself as Ashleigh by grafting his face onto his own. He serves as the film's primary antagonist, using Julia to help create a Philosopher's Stone so he can keep it for himself. He is killed at the film's climax by the real Ashleigh.
Herschel (ハーシェル, Hāsheru)
Voiced by: Hidenobu Kiuchi (Japanese); Patrick Seitz (English)
The commanding officer of the Cretan army stationed at the border between Table City and Milos. He wears a white mask that conceals his disfigured face. He is revealed at the climax of the film to be the real Ashleigh Crichton (アシュレー・クライトン, Ashurē Kuraiton), Julia's long-lost older brother, who survived being attacked by Atlas using a Philosopher's Stone kept by his parents. He commands wolf chimeras to search for Julia, and kills Atlas out of revenge for their (Ashleigh and Julia's) parents' murder. However, he also tries to destroy Milos out of bitterness for the city's betrayal of his family, which brings him into conflict with Julia. After he is defeated, Julia saves his life and heals his face by opening the Gate of Truth. After recovering, he leaves the newly established nation of Milos to return to Creta.
Miranda (ミランダ)
Voiced by: Sakiko Tamagawa (Japanese); Shelley Calene-Black (English)
A commander of the Black Bats, the rebel faction from Milos that aims to reclaim Table City from its Amestrian occupants. She is killed by Atlas, who uses her blood to help activate the transmutation circle beneath Table City designed to create the Philosopher's Stone.
Development[edit]
The idea to create a Fullmetal Alchemist movie set during the second anime's storyline came from the series's producers. The movie's original plot was written by Yuichi Shinbo who also came up with the new characters' names. From there, director Kazuya Murata did research on Spain to develop Table City, intended as a contrast to Amestris, which was based on England. Because it was the only time in the series that the main characters traveled to another country, Murata had difficulties concluding it, wondering if it would affect the overarching storyline. Therefore, the story was set during the time Edward realized Alphonse's human body existed somewhere, with the logic that knowledge would encourage him to travel to another area to do research. (This likely places the events of the film somewhere around episode 21 of Brotherhood. Alphonse has learned to transmute with only his hands, but Mustang's subordinates have not yet been split up, definitively placing it somewhere between episodes 15 and 24.) Hiromu Arakawa was not included as part of the staff but was still looking forward to the film.[4]
Music[edit]
The official theme song for the movie is "Good Luck My Way" by L'Arc-en-Ciel, which plays over the film's ending credits. The song is the band's fourth contribution to the franchise. On May 30, 2011, singer-songwriter miwa confirmed that she would sing for the opening credits theme, titled "Chasing Hearts".
Specials[edit]
To mark the July 2 opening of the Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos film, the Pia Eiga Seikatsu website posted an exclusive video "interview" with the stars of the film, Edward and Alphonse Elric (as voiced by Romi Park and Rie Kugimiya, respectively). In keeping with the spirit of Hiromu Arakawa's original manga and the two anime television series, the interviewer has trouble early on in figuring out who the "Fullmetal Alchemist" is. (The interview has cameos by the other stars of the anime.) Also includes 3 "Study" sessions with "Professor" Mustang, teaching Winry and Hawkeye about Creta and Milos.
Reception[edit]
In its first weekend, Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos earned US $1,791,646 despite being exhibited in only 90 screens across Japan, ranking #4 in overall revenue.[5]
The film debuted in North America at the 2011 anime convention Otakon held at the Baltimore Convention Center on July 30. Funimation in coordination with Aniplex were credited with subtitling the movie and premiering it the United States only four weeks after its theatrical release in Japan. The former kicked holding the license for the movie, which saw a limited theatrical release dubbed in English in early 2012, and is slated for a DVD and Blu-ray release in the spring. The film won three awards at the Burbank International Film Festival, which hosted the West Coast premiere of the film. It won awards for each of the three categories it was nominated in.[6]
Reception from American critics has been generally positive. Based on 11 reviews, the film received a score of 85% and an average rating of 6.6 out of 10 on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[7] It also received a weighted average rating of 54 out of 100 at Metacritic based on 7 mainstream reviews, denoting "mixed or average reviews".[8]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Name of Competition
Category
Result
2011 Burbank International Film Festival Best Feature (Animation) Won
2011 Burbank International Film Festival Best Writing (Animation / Adaptation) Won
2011 Burbank International Film Festival Best Director (Animation) Won
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Top Anime Movies at Japanese Box Office: 2011 - News". Anime News Network. January 4, 2012. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "FUNimation to Release FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST: THE SACRED STAR OF MILOS". Funimation Entertainment. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.mangazette.com Manga Entertainment UKs 'Mangazette'. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (July 31, 2011). "Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos US Premiere and Q&A". Anime News Network. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Japanese Box Office, July 2–3". Anime News Network. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Burbank International Film Festival, Sept 15-18". Burbank International Film Festival. Retrieved 5 Dec 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos (2012)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos". Metacritic. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website (in Japanese)
Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Fullmetal Alchemist by Hiromu Arakawa
Media
Chapters
Light novels
2003 anime
Episodes
Conqueror of Shamballa
Brotherhood
Episodes
The Sacred Star of Milos
Fullmetal Alchemist (film)
Video games
Broken Angel
Curse of the Crimson Elixir
Kami o Tsugu Shōjo
Dream Carnival
Dual Sympathy
Characters
Edward Elric
Alphonse Elric
Roy Mustang
Scar
Winry Rockbell
[show]
v
t
e
Works animated by Bones
Television series
Hiwou War Chronicles (2000–2001)
Angelic Layer (2001)
RahXephon (2002)
Wolf's Rain (2003)
Scrapped Princess (2003)
Fullmetal Alchemist (2003–2004)
Mars Daybreak (2004)
Kurau Phantom Memory (2004)
Eureka Seven (2005–2006)
Ouran High School Host Club (2006)
Jyu-Oh-Sei (2006)
Ghost Slayers Ayashi (2006–2007)
Darker than Black (2007)
Skull Man (2007)
Soul Eater (2008–2009)
Nijū Mensō no Musume (2008)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (2009–2010)
Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 (2009)
Darker than Black: Gemini of the Meteor (2009)
Heroman (2010)
Star Driver (2010–2011)
Gosick (2011)
No. 6 (2011)
Un-Go (2011)
Eureka Seven: AO (2012)
Blast of Tempest (2012–2013)
Tenkai Knights (2013–2015)
Space Dandy (2014)
Noragami (2014)
Captain Earth (2014)
Soul Eater Not! (2014)
Chaika - The Coffin Princess (2014)
Chaika - The Coffin Princess: Avenging Battle (2014)
Blood Blockade Battlefront (2015)
Show by Rock!! (2015)
Snow White with the Red Hair (2015–2016)
Noragami Aragoto (2015)
Concrete Revolutio (2015)
Concrete Revolutio: The Last Song (2016)
My Hero Academia (2016–present)
Bungo Stray Dogs (2016)
Show by Rock!! Short!! (2016)
Mob Psycho 100 (2016–present)
Show by Rock!!♯ (2016)
Blood Blockade Battlefront & Beyond (2017)
Dragon Pilot: Hisone and Masotan (2018)
Carol & Tuesday (2019)
OVAs/ONAs
RahXephon Interlude: Her and Herself/Thatness and Thereness (2003)
Wolf's Rain (2004)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Premium Collection (2006)
Ayashi Divine Comedy (2007)
Darker than Black: Beneath the Fully Bloomed Cherry Blossoms (2008)
Xam'd: Lost Memories (2008–2009)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (2009–2010)
Halo Legends (animated sequence) (2010)
Darker than Black: Gaiden (2010)
Chaika - The Coffin Princess (2015)
Snow White with the Red Hair (2016)
Blood Blockade Battlefront (2016)
My Hero Academia (2017)
Bungo Stray Dogs (2017)
A.I.C.O. -Incarnation- (2018)
Mob Psycho 100 Reigen -The Miraculous Unknown Psychic- (2018)
Blood Blockade Battlefront & Beyond (2018)
Films
Escaflowne (2000)
Cowboy Bebop: The Movie (2001)
RahXephon: Pluralitas Concentio (2003)
Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa (2005)
Sword of the Stranger (2007)
Eureka Seven: Pocketful of Rainbows (2009)
Towa no Quon (film series) (2011)
Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos (2011)
Un-Go episode:0 Inga chapter (2011)
Star Driver: The Movie (2013)
Eureka Seven: Hi-Evolution (film series) (2017–2019)
Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple (2018)
My Hero Academia the Movie: The Two Heroes (2018)
Video games
Robot Alchemic Drive (2002)
Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel (2003)
Fullmetal Alchemist 2: Curse of the Crimson Elixir (2004)
Fullmetal Alchemist 3: Kami o Tsugu Shōjo (2005)
Liberation Maiden (2012)
Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2012)
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Dual Destinies (2013)
Persona 4: Dancing All Night (2015)
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fullmetal_Alchemist:_The_Sacred_Star_of_Milos&oldid=821543773"
Categories:
2011 films
Japanese-language films
2011 anime films
Bones (studio)
Films directed by Kazuya Murata
Fullmetal Alchemist
Funimation
Shochiku films
Toonami
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Articles with Japanese-language external links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
日本語
Português
Русский
ไทย
中文
5 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 January 2018, at 03:55.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

values: 2 description text-align:center

attrs: href title

value: span

attrs: class lang

values:
/wiki/Funimation_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Funimation Entertainment

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.mangazette.com

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.hagaren-movie.net/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1776196/
external text

values: List of Fullmetal Alchemist light novels

values:
/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist_(anime)
mw-redirect
Fullmetal Alchemist (anime)

values: List of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood episodes

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:Films directed by Kazuya Murata

values: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Category:Articles with Japanese-language external links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: الخيميائي الفولاذي: نجمة ميلوس المقدسة – Arabic

values: Fullmetal Alchemist: la estrella sagrada de Milos – Spanish

values: کیمیاگر تمام‌فلزی: ستاره مقدس میلوس – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Fullmetal Alchemist : L'Étoile sacrée de Milos – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values: Fullmetal Alchemist - La sacra stella di Milos – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: Fullmetal Alchemist: Milos szent csillaga – Hungarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Filem Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos – Malay

values: 鋼の錬金術師 嘆きの丘の聖なる星 – Japanese

values: Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos – Portuguese

values: Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos – Russian

values: แขนกล คนแปรธาตุ: พิชิตแดนปริศนาฝ่านครที่ถูกลืม – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: 鋼之鍊金術師 嘆息之丘的聖星 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Fullmetal_Alchemist_The_Sacred_Star_of_Milos rootpage-Fullmetal_Alchemist_The_Sacred_Star_of_Milos skin-vector action-view


text:
MKS system of units
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The MKS system of units is a physical system of units that expresses any given measurement using base units of the metre, kilogram, and/or second (MKS).
Historically the use of the MKS system of units succeeded the centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) in commerce and engineering, (1889). The metre and kilogram system served as the basis for the development of the International System of Units, which now serves as the international standard. Because of this, the standards of the CGS system were gradually replaced with metric standards incorporated from the MKS system.[1] The exact list of units used in the MKS system changed over time. It incorporated base units other than the metre, kilogram, and second in addition to derived units. An incomplete list of the base and derived units appears below. Since the MKS system of units never had a governing body to rule on a standard definition, the list of units depended on different conventions at different times.
Cycle (This dimensionless quantity became synonymous with the term "cycle per second" as an abbreviation. This circumstance confused the exact definition of the term cycle. Therefore, the phrase "cycle per metre" became ill-defined. The cycle did not become an SI unit.)
Cycle per second[2]
Cycle per metre (This measure of wavenumber became ill-defined due to the abbreviation of "cycle per second" as "cycle".)
In 1901, Giovanni Giorgi proposed to the Associazione elettrotecnica italiana (it) (AEI) that this system, extended with a fourth unit to be taken from the units of electromagnetism, be used as an international system.[3] This system was strongly promoted by electrical engineer George A. Campbell [4].

See also[edit]
Metre–tonne–second system (MTS)
Foot–pound–second system (FPS)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Units: CGS and MKS". www.unc.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
Jump up ^ "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society". 76 (3). 1936: 343–377. JSTOR 984549.
Jump up ^ Giovanni Giorgi (1901), "Unità Razionali de Elettromagnetismo", in Atti dell' Associazione Elettrotecnica Italiana.
Jump up ^ Brainerd, John G. (1970). "Some Unanswered Questions". Technology and Culture. JSTOR. 11 (4): 601. doi:10.2307/3102695. ISSN 0040-165X.
External links[edit]
Description of the MKS system
Description of the previous CGS system
[hide]
v
t
e
Systems of measurement
Current
General
International System of Units (SI)
UK imperial system
US customary units
Myanmar
Indian
Specific
Apothecaries'
Avoirdupois
Troy
Astronomical
Electrical
Temperature
Natural
atomic
geometrised
Gaussian
Lorentz–Heaviside
Planck
quantum chromodynamical
Stoney
Background
Metric
Overview
Introduction
Outline
History
Metrication
UK/US
Overview
Comparison
Foot–pound–second (FPS)
Historic
Metric
metre–kilogram–second (MKS)
metre–tonne–second (MTS)
centimetre–gram–second (CGS)
gravitational
quadrant–eleventh-gram–second (QES) (hebdometre–undecimogramme–second (HUS))
Europe
Byzantine
Cornish
Cypriot
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Estonian
Finnish
French (Trad. • Mesures usuelles)
German
Greek
Hungary
Icelandic
Irish
Scottish
Italian
Latvia
Luxembourgian
Maltese
Norwegian
Ottoman
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Serbian
Slovak
Spanish
Swedish
Switzerland
Welsh
Winchester measure
Asia
Afghan
Cambodian
Chinese
Hindu
Hong Kong
India
Indonesian
Japanese
Korean
Mongolian
Omani
Philippine
Pegu
Singaporean
Sri Lankan
Syrian
Taiwanese
Tatar
Thai
Vietnamese
Africa
Algerian
Ethiopian
Egyptian
Eritrean
Guinean
Libyan
Malagasy
Mauritian
Moroccan
Seychellois
Somalian
South African
Tunisian
Tanzanian
North America
Costa Rican
Cuban
Haitian
Honduran
Mexico
Nicaraguan
Puerto Rican
South America
Argentine
Brazilian
Chilean
Colombian
Paraguayan
Peruvian
Uruguayan
Venezuelan
Ancient
Arabic
Biblical and Talmudic
Egyptian
Greek
Hindu
Indian
Mesopotamian
Persian
Roman
List articles
Humorous (FFF system)
Obsolete
Unusual
Other
N-body
Modulor
Science portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MKS_system_of_units&oldid=816977459"
Categories:
Systems of units
Metric system
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from October 2009
All articles needing additional references
Interlanguage link template link number
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Boarisch
Deutsch
Español
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
日本語
Nordfriisk
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Українська
中文
9 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 December 2017, at 04:43.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/System_of_units
mw-redirect
System of units

values: Associazione elettrotecnica italiana (page does not exist)

values:
noprint
font-size:85%; font-style: normal;

values:
/wiki/George_A._Campbell
mw-redirect
George A. Campbell

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/984549

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F3102695

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-165X

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Indian_weights_and_measures
mw-redirect
Indian weights and measures

values: Imperial and US customary measurement systems

values: Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems

values: Quadrant–eleventh-gram–second system (page does not exist)

values: Hebdometre–undecimogramme–second system (page does not exist)

values: Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution

values:
/wiki/Serbian_units_of_measurement
mw-redirect
Serbian units of measurement

values:
/wiki/Korean_units
mw-redirect
Korean units

values:
/wiki/Libyan_units_of_measurements
mw-redirect
Libyan units of measurements

values: Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement

values: Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2009

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Interlanguage link template link number

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/MKS_system_of_units
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: نظام وحدات متر كيلوغرام ثانية – Arabic

values: МКС (сыстэма адзінак вымярэньня) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: मीटर-किलोग्राम-सेकेण्ड पद्धति – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: МКС (система единиц измерения) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: МКС (система одиниць) – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-MKS_system_of_units rootpage-MKS_system_of_units skin-vector action-view


text:
Managed care
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 108.24.131.6 (talk) at 13:09, 24 July 2017 (typo (last letter capitalized)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.
Revision as of 13:09, 24 July 2017 by 108.24.131.6 (talk) (typo (last letter capitalized))
(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search
Health care in the United States
Government Health Programs
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
Indian Health Service
Medicaid / State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)
Medicare
Prescription Assistance (SPAP)
Military Health System / TRICARE
State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
Veterans Health Administration
Private health coverage
Consumer-driven health care
Flexible spending account (FSA)
Health Reimbursement Account
Health savings account (HSA)
High-deductible health plan (HDHP)
Medical savings account (MSA)
Private Fee-For-Service (PFFS)
Health insurance in the United States
Managed care (CCP)
Exclusive provider organization (EPO)
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
Medical underwriting
Health care reform law
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003)
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005)
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (2009)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
State level reform
Dirigo Health (Maine)
Massachusetts health care reform
Oregon Health Plan
SustiNet (Connecticut)
Vermont health care reform
Municipal health coverage
Fair Share Health Care Act (Maryland)
Healthy Howard (Howard Co., Maryland)
Healthy San Francisco
Healthy Way LA
My Health LA
This box:
view
talk
edit
The term managed care or managed healthcare is used in the United States to describe a group of activities ostensibly intended to reduce the cost of providing health care while improving the quality of that care ("managed care techniques"). It has become the essentially exclusive system of delivering and receiving American health care since its implementation in the early 1980s, and has been largely unaffected by the Affordable Care Act of 2010.
...intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as Health Maintenance Organizations and Preferred Provider Organizations.[1]
The growth of managed care in the U.S. was spurred by the enactment of the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973. While managed care techniques were pioneered by health maintenance organizations, they are now used by a variety of private health benefit programs. Managed care is now nearly ubiquitous in the U.S, but has attracted controversy because it has had mixed results in its overall goal of controlling medical costs.[2] Proponents and critics are also sharply divided on managed care's overall impact on the quality of U.S. health care delivery.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Techniques
3 Organizations
4 Types
4.1 Health maintenance organization (HMO)
4.2 Independent practice association (IPA)
4.3 Preferred provider organization (PPO)
4.4 Point of service (POS)
4.5 Private fee-for-service (PFFS)
4.6 Managed care in indemnity insurance plans
5 Impacts
6 See also
7 References
History[edit]
Dr. Paul Starr suggests in his analysis of the American healthcare system (i.e., The Social Transformation of American Medicine) that Richard Nixon, advised by the "father of Health Maintenance Organizations", Dr. Paul M. Ellwood, Jr., was the first mainstream political leader to take deliberate steps to change American health care from its longstanding not-for-profit business principles into a for-profit model that would be driven by the insurance industry. In 1973, Congress passed the Health Maintenance Organization Act, which encouraged rapid growth of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), the first form of managed care.
Managed care plans are widely credited with subduing medical cost inflation in the late 1980s by reducing unnecessary hospitalizations, forcing providers to discount their rates, and causing the health care industry to become more efficient and competitive. Managed care plans and strategies proliferated and quickly became nearly ubiquitous in the U.S. However, this rapid growth led to a consumer backlash. Because many managed care health plans are provided by for-profit companies, their cost-control efforts created widespread perception that they were more interested in saving money than providing health care.[3] In a 2004 poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, a majority of those polled said they believed that managed care decreased the time doctors spend with patients, made it harder for people who are sick to see specialists, and had failed to produce significant health care savings. These public perceptions have been fairly consistent in polling since 1997.[4]
The backlash included vocal critics, including disgruntled patients and consumer-advocacy groups, who argued that managed care plans were controlling costs by denying medically necessary services to patients, even in life-threatening situations, or by providing low-quality care. The volume of criticism led many states to pass laws mandating managed-care standards.[3] Meanwhile, insurers responded to public demands and political pressure by beginning to offer other plan options with more comprehensive care networks—according to one analysis, between the years 1970 and 2005 the share of personal health expenditures paid directly out-of-pocket by U.S. consumers fell from about 40 percent to 15 percent.[citation needed] So although consumers faced rising health insurance premiums over the period, lower out-of-pocket costs likely[citation needed] encouraged consumers to use more health care. Data indicating whether this increase in use was due to voluntary or optional service purchases or the sudden access lower-income citizens had to basic healthcare is not available here at this time.[5]
By the late 1990s, U.S. per capita healthcare spending began to increase again, peaking around 2002.[6] Despite managed care's mandate to control costs, U.S. healthcare expenditures has continued to outstrip the overall national income, rising about 2.4 percentage points faster than the annual GDP since 1970.[7]
Nevertheless, according to the trade association America's Health Insurance Plans, 90 percent of insured Americans are now enrolled in plans with some form of managed care.[8] The National Directory of Managed Care Organizations, Sixth Edition profiles more than 5,000 plans, including new consumer-driven health plans and health savings accounts. In addition, 26 states have contracts with MCOs to deliver long-term care for the elderly and individuals with disabilities. The states pay a monthly capitated rate per member to the MCOs that provide comprehensive care and accept the risk of managing total costs.[9]
Techniques[edit]
One of the most characteristic forms of managed care is the use of a panel or network of healthcare providers to provide care to enrollees. Such integrated delivery systems typically include one or more of the following:
A set of designated doctors and healthcare facilities, known as a provider network, which furnish an array of health care services to enrollees
Explicit standards for selecting providers
Formal utilization review and quality improvement programs
An emphasis on preventive care
Financial incentives to encourage enrollees to use care efficiently[10][11][12]
Provider networks can be used to reduce costs by negotiating favorable fees from providers, selecting cost effective providers, and creating financial incentives for providers to practice more efficiently.[11] A survey issued in 2009 by America's Health Insurance Plans found that patients going to out-of-network providers are sometimes charged extremely high fees.[13][14] Other managed care techniques include disease management, case management, wellness incentives, patient education, utilization management and utilization review. The techniques can be applied to both network-based benefit programs and benefit programs that are not based on a provider network. The use of managed care techniques without a provider network is sometimes described as "managed indemnity".
Organizations[edit]
There is a continuum of organizations that provide managed care, each operating with slightly different business models. Some organizations are made of physicians, and others are combinations of physicians, hospitals, and other providers. Here is a list of common organizations:
Group practice without walls
Independent practice association
Management services organization
Physician practice management company
Types[edit]
There are several types of network-based managed care programs. They range from more restrictive to less restrictive:
Health maintenance organization (HMO)[edit]
Proposed in the 1960s by Dr. Paul Elwood in the "Health Maintenance Strategy", the HMO concept was promoted by the Nixon administration as a fix to rising health care costs and set in law as the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973. As defined in the act, a federally-qualified HMO would, in exchange for a subscriber fee (premium), allow members access to a panel of employed physicians or a network of doctors and facilities including hospitals. In return, the HMO received mandated market access and could receive federal development funds.
They are licensed at the state level, under a license that is known as a certificate of authority (COA), rather than under an insurance license.[15] In 1972, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners adopted the HMO Model Act, which was intended to provide a model regulatory structure for states to use in authorizing the establishment of HMOs and in monitoring their operations. In practice, an HMO is a coordinated delivery system that combines both the financing and the delivery of health care for enrollees. In the design of the plan, each member is assigned a "gatekeeper", a primary care physician (PCP) responsible for the overall care of members assigned. Specialty services require a specific referral from the PCP to the specialist. Non-emergency hospital admissions also require specific pre-authorization by the PCP. Typically, services are not covered if performed by a provider not an employee of or specifically approved by the HMO unless it defines the situation to be an emergency.
Financial sanctions for use of emergency facilities in non-emergency situations were once an issue, but prudent layperson language now applies to all emergency-service utilization, and penalties are rare.
Since the 1980s, under the ERISA Act passed in Congress in 1974 and its preemptive effect on state common law tort lawsuits that "relate to" Employee Benefit Plans, HMOs administering benefits through private employer health plans have been protected by federal law from malpractice litigation, on the grounds that the decisions regarding patient care are administrative rather than medical in nature. See Cigna v. Calad, 2004.
Independent practice association (IPA)[edit]
Main article: Independent practice association
An Independent Practice Association is a legal entity that contracts with a group of physicians to provide service to the HMO's members. Most often, the physicians are paid on a basis of capitation, which in this context means a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to that physician or group of physicians, whether or not that person seeks care. The contract is not usually exclusive so individual doctors or the group may sign contracts with multiple HMOs. Physicians who participate in IPAs usually also serve fee-for-service patients not associated with managed care.
IPAs usually have a governing board to determine the best forms of practices.
Preferred provider organization (PPO)[edit]
Main article: Preferred provider organization
Rather than contract with the various insurers and third party administrators, providers may contract with preferred provider organizations. A membership allows a substantial discount below their regularly charged rates from the designated professionals partnered with the organization. Preferred provider organizations themselves earn money by charging an access fee to the insurance company for the use of their network (unlike the usual insurance with premiums and corresponding payments paid fully or partially by the insurance provider to the medical doctor).
In terms of using such a plan, unlike an HMO plan, which has a copayment cost share feature (a nominal payment generally paid at the time of service), a PPO generally does not have a copayment but offers a deductible and a coinsurance feature. The deductible must be paid in full before any benefits are provided. After the deductible is met, the coinsurance benefits apply. If the PPO plan is an 80% coinsurance plan with a $1,000 deductible, the patient pays 100% of the allowed provider fee up to $1,000. The insurer will pay 80% of the other fees, and the patient will pay the remaining 20%. Charges above the allowed amount are not payable by the patient or insurer but written off as a discount by the physician.
Because the patient is picking up a substantial portion of the "first dollars" of coverage, PPO are the least expensive types of coverage.[16]
Point of service (POS)[edit]
Main article: Point of service plan
A POS plan uses some of the features of each of the above plans. Members of a POS plan do not make a choice about which system to use until the service is being used.
In terms of using such a plan, a POS plan has levels of progressively higher patient financial participation, as the patient moves away from the more managed features of the plan. For example, if patients stay in a network of providers and seeks a referral to use a specialist, they may have a copayment only. However, if they use an out of network provider but do not seek a referral, they will pay more.
POS plans are becoming more popular because they offer more flexibility and freedom of choice than standard HMOs.
Private fee-for-service (PFFS)[edit]
There are basically two types of health insurance: fee-for-service (indemnity) and managed care. Policies may vary from low cost to all-inclusive to meet different demands of customers, depending on needs, preferences and budget. Fee-for-service is a traditional kind of health care policy: insurance companies pay medical staff fees for each service provided to an insured patient. Such plans offer a wide choice of doctors and hospitals.
Fee-for-service coverage falls into Basic and Major Medical Protection categories. Basic protection deals with costs of a hospital room, hospital services, care and supplies, cost of surgery in or out of hospital, and doctor visits. Major Medical Protection covers costs of serious illnesses and injuries, which usually require long-term treatment and rehabilitation period. Basic and Major Medical Insurance coverage combined are called a Comprehensive Health Care Plan. Policies do not cover some services.
Managed care in indemnity insurance plans[edit]
Many "traditional" or "indemnity" health insurance plans now incorporate some managed care features, such as precertification for non-emergency hospital admissions and utilization reviews. They are sometimes described as "managed indemnity" plans.
Impacts[edit]
The overall impact of managed care remains widely debated. Proponents argue that it has increased efficiency, improved overall standards, and led to a better understanding of the relationship and quality. They argue that there is no consistent, direct correlation between the cost of care and its quality, pointing to a 2002 Juran Institute study which estimated that the "cost of poor quality" caused by overuse, misuse, and waste amounts to 30 percent of all direct healthcare spending.[6] The emerging practice of evidence-based medicine is being used to determine when lower-cost medicine may in fact be more effective.
Critics of managed care argue that "for-profit" managed care has been an unsuccessful health policy, as it has contributed to higher health care costs (25–33% higher overhead at some of the largest HMOs), increased the number of uninsured citizens, driven away health care providers, and applied downward pressure on quality (worse scores on 14 of 14 quality indicators reported to the National Committee for Quality Assurance).[17] Others argue that managed care puts the emphasis on financial implications instead of healthcare. In hospital meetings, it has been reported that senior staff feel "the only people with real decisions to make are the insurers".[18]
The most common managed care financial arrangement, capitation, places healthcare providers in the role of micro-health insurers, assuming the responsibility for managing the unknown future health care costs of their patients. Small insurers, like individual consumers, tend to have annual costs that fluctuate far more than larger insurers. The term "Professional Caregiver Insurance Risk"[19][20] explains the inefficiencies in health care finance that result when insurance risks are inefficiently transferred to health care providers who are expected to cover such costs in return for their capitation payments. As Cox (2006) demonstrates, providers cannot be adequately compensated for their insurance risks without forcing managed care organizations to become price uncompetitive vis-a-vis risk retaining insurers. Cox (2010) [21] shows that smaller insurers have lower probabilities of modest profits than large insurers, higher probabilities of high losses than large insurers, provide lower benefits to policyholders, and have far higher surplus requirements. All these effects work against the viability of healthcare provider insurance risk assumption.
See also[edit]
Healthcare in the United States
Health insurance in the United States
Independent medical review
Medical care ratio
URAC
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Managed Care Programs. National Library of Medicine.
Jump up ^ WHAT IS MANAGED HEALTH CARE? by Christine Tobin
^ Jump up to: a b The backlash against managed care, Nation's Business, July 1998, accessed 2007-10-05
Jump up ^ Kaiser Public Opinion Spotlight: The Public, Managed Care, and Consumer Protections Archived 2007-10-22 at the Wayback Machine., June 2004, accessed 2007-10-05.
Jump up ^ Health Care Costs: A Primer Archived 2007-11-27 at the Wayback Machine., Kaiser Family Foundation Health Care Marketplace Project, August 2007, accessed 2007-10-05
^ Jump up to: a b The Factors Fueling Rising Healthcare Costs 2006, report prepared by Price Waterhouse Coopers for America's Health Insurance Plans, January 2006, accessed 2007-10-05
Jump up ^ Trends in Health Care Costs and Spending, Kaiser Family Foundation Health Care Marketplace Project, September 2007, accessed 2007-10-05
Jump up ^ "Fast Facts". HealthDecisions.org. America's Health Insurance Plans. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
Jump up ^ "States Turn to Managed Care To Constrain Medicaid Long-Term Care Costs". Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2014-04-09. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
Jump up ^ Peter R. Kongstvedt, "The Managed Health Care Handbook," Fourth Edition, Aspen Publishers, Inc., 2001, page 3, ISBN 0-8342-1726-0
^ Jump up to: a b Managed Care: Integrating the Delivery and Financing of Health Care – Part A, Health Insurance Association of America, 1995, page 9 ISBN 1-879143-26-7
Jump up ^ Margaret E. Lynch, Editor, "Health Insurance Terminology," Health Insurance Association of America, 1992, ISBN 1-879143-13-5
Jump up ^ THE VALUE OF PROVIDER NETWORKS AND THE ROLE OF OUT-OF-NETWORK CHARGES IN RISING HEALTH CARE COSTS: A SURVEY OF CHARGES BILLED BY OUT-OF-NETWORK PHYSICIANS, America's Health Insurance Plans, August 2009
Jump up ^ Gina Kolata, "Survey Finds High Fees Common in Medical Care ," The New York Times, August 11, 2009
Jump up ^ Peter R. Kongstvedt, "The Managed Health Care Handbook," Fourth Edition, Aspen Publishers, Inc., 2001, page 1322 ISBN 0-8342-1726-0
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ (Himmelstein, Woolhandler, Hellander, Wolfe, 1999; HMO honor roll, 1997; Kuttner, 1999)
Jump up ^ General & Medical
Jump up ^ Cox, T. (2006). Professional caregiver insurance risk: A brief primer for nurse executives and decisionmakers. Nurse Leader, 4(2): 48–51.
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Cox, T. (2010). Legal and ethical implications of healthcare provider insurance risk assumption. JONAS Healthcare Law, Ethics and Regulation. 12(4): 106–16.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Managed_care&oldid=792099163"
Categories:
Health insurance
Managed care
Healthcare quality
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 July 2017, at 13:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

value: bdi

attrs: href class title

values: User talk:108.24.131.6 (page does not exist)

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: id class role

values:
revision-info-current
plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system
presentation

values:
/wiki/Consumer-driven_health_care
mw-redirect
Consumer-driven health care

values: Template:Health care in the United States

values: Template talk:Health care in the United States

values:
/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act
mw-redirect
Affordable Care Act

values:
/wiki/Health_care_costs
mw-redirect
Health care costs

values:
/wiki/Health_Maintenance_Organizations
mw-redirect
Health Maintenance Organizations

values:
/wiki/Paul_M._Ellwood,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Paul M. Ellwood, Jr.

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Utilization_review
mw-redirect
Utilization review

values: Group practice without walls (page does not exist)

values: Physician practice management company (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Health maintenance organization (HMO)

values:
/wiki/Nixon_administration
mw-redirect
Nixon administration

values:
/wiki/Medical_doctor
mw-redirect
Medical doctor

values:
/wiki/Cigna_v._Calad
mw-redirect
Cigna v. Calad

values: Edit section: Independent practice association (IPA)

values: Edit section: Preferred provider organization (PPO)

values: Edit section: Private fee-for-service (PFFS)

values: Edit section: Managed care in indemnity insurance plans

values:
/wiki/Capitated_reimbursement
mw-redirect
Capitated reimbursement

values:
/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States
mw-redirect
Healthcare in the United States

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.kff.org/insurance/7692.cfm

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Managed_care
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Perawatan kesehatan teratur – Indonesian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Managed_care rootpage-Managed_care skin-vector action-view