text:
Paresthesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Pins and needles" redirects here. For other uses, see Pins and Needles (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Anaesthesia or Pallesthesia.
Paresthesia
Classification and external resources
Specialty
Neurology
ICD-10
R20.2
ICD-9-CM
782.0, 355.1
DiseasesDB
24182
MeSH
D010292
[edit on Wikidata]
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness or burning of a person's skin with no apparent physical cause.[1] The manifestation of a paresthesia may be transient or chronic, and may have any of dozens of possible underlying causes.
The most familiar kind of paresthesia is the sensation known as "pins and needles" or of a limb "falling asleep". A less well-known and uncommon but important paresthesia is formication, the sensation of bugs crawling underneath the skin.
Contents
[hide]
1 Causes
1.1 Transient
1.2 Chronic
1.3 Acroparesthesia
1.4 Dentistry
1.5 Other
2 Diagnostic approach
3 Treatment
4 Etymology
5 References
6 External links
Causes[edit]
Transient[edit]
Paresthesias of the hands, feet, legs and arms are common, transient symptoms. The briefest, electric shock type of paresthesia can be caused by tweaking the ulnar nerve near the elbow. Similar brief shocks can be experienced when any other nerve is tweaked (a tweaked neck nerve may cause a brief shock-like paresthesia toward the scalp). In the older age group, spinal column irregularities may tweak the spinal cord briefly when the head or back is turned, flexed, or extended into brief uncommon positions (Lhermitte's sign). The most common, everyday cause is temporary restriction of nerve impulses to an area of nerves, commonly caused by leaning or resting on parts of the body such as the legs (often followed by a pins and needles tingling sensation). Other causes include conditions such as hyperventilation syndrome and panic attacks. A cold sore outside the mouth (not a canker sore inside the mouth) can be preceded by tingling because a cold sore is caused by herpes simplex virus. The Varicella zoster virus (Shingles) also notably may cause recurring pain and tingling in skin or tissue along the distribution path of that nerve (most commonly in skin, along a dermatome pattern, but sometimes feeling like headache, chest or abdominal pain, or pelvic pain).
Other common examples occur when sustained pressure has been applied over a nerve, inhibiting or stimulating its function. Removing the pressure typically results in gradual relief of these paresthesias.[2] Most pressure-induced paraesthesia results from awkward posture, such as engaging in cross-legged sitting for prolonged periods of time.
Chronic[edit]
Chronic paresthesia indicates a problem with the functioning of neurons or poor circulation.
In older individuals, paresthesia is often the result of poor circulation in the limbs (such as in peripheral vascular disease), most often caused by atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque within artery walls, over decades, with eventual plaque ruptures, internal clots over the ruptures and subsequent clot healing but leaving behind narrowing of the artery openings or closure, both locally and in downstream smaller branches. Without a proper supply of blood and nutrients, nerve cells can no longer adequately send signals to the brain. Because of this, paresthesia can also be a symptom of vitamin deficiency and malnutrition, as well as metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. It can also be a symptom of mercury poisoning.
Irritation to the nerve can also come from inflammation to the tissue. Joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and carpal tunnel syndrome are common sources of paresthesia. Nerves below the head may be compressed where chronic neck and spine problems exist and can be caused by, among other things, muscle cramps that may be a result of clinical anxiety or excessive mental stress,[citation needed] bone disease, poor posture, unsafe heavy lifting practices or physical trauma such as whiplash. Paresthesia can also be caused simply by putting pressure on a nerve by applying weight (or pressure) to the limb for extended periods of time.
Another cause of paresthesia may be direct damage to the nerves themselves, i.e., neuropathy, which itself can stem from injury or infection such as frostbite or Lyme disease, or may be indicative of a current neurological disorder. Neuropathy is also a side effect of some chemotherapies (see Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).[3] Benzodiazepine withdrawal may also cause paresthesia as the drug removal leaves the GABA receptors stripped bare and possibly malformed. Chronic paresthesia can sometimes be symptomatic of serious conditions, such as a transient ischemic attack, or autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lupus erythematosus.[citation needed] Exposure to environmental toxins, chemicals used in water treatment and fluoroquinolones can also cause paresthesia.[4] Stroke survivors and those with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may experience paresthesia from damage to the central nervous system.
The Varicella zoster virus disease (shingles) can attack nerves causing numbness instead of pain commonly associated with shingles. A diagnostic evaluation by a medical doctor is necessary to rule these out.[clarification needed]
Acroparesthesia[edit]
Acroparesthesia is severe pain in the extremities, and may be caused by Fabry disease, a type of sphingolipidosis.[5]
It can also be a sign of hypocalcemia.
Dentistry[edit]
Paresthesia or "persistent anesthesia" is a transient or potentially permanent condition of extended numbness after administration of local anesthesia and the injected anesthetic has terminated.[6]
Potential causes include trauma induced to the nerve sheath during administration of the injection, hemorrhage about the sheath, type of anesthetic used, or administration of anesthetic potentially contaminated with alcohol or sterilizing solutions.[7]
Other[edit]
Other causes may include:
Anticonvulsant pharmaceutical drugs, such as topiramate, sultiame, and acetazolamide
Anxiety and/or panic disorder[8]
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Beta alanine
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Chiari malformation
Coeliac disease (celiac disease)
Complex regional pain syndrome
Decompression sickness
Dehydration
Dextromethorphan (recreational use)
Fabry disease
Erythromelalgia
Fibromyalgia
Fluoroquinolone toxicity
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
Heavy metals
Herpes zoster
Hydroxy alpha sanshool, a component of Sichuan peppers
Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Hyperkalemia
Hyperventilation
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Hypocalcemia, and in turn:
Hypermagnesemia, a condition in which hypocalcemia itself is typically observed as a secondary symptom
Hypomagnesemia, often as a result of long term proton-pump inhibitor use
Hypothyroidism
Immunodeficiency, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Intravenous administering of strong pharmaceutical drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS), mainly opioids, opiates, narcotics; especially in non-medical use (drug abuse)
Ketorolac
Lidocaine poisoning
Lomotil
Lupus erythematosus
Lyme disease
Menopause
Mercury poisoning
Migraines
Multiple sclerosis
Nitrous oxide, long-term exposure[9]
Obdormition
Pyrethrum and pyrethroid (pesticide)[10]
Rabies
Radiation poisoning
Sarcoidosis
Scorpion stings
Spinal disc herniation or injury
Spinal stenosis
Stinging nettles
Syringomyelia
Transverse myelitis
Vitamin B5 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Withdrawal from certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors) (SSRIs), such as paroxetine or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine
Diagnostic approach[edit]
The nerve conduction study usually provides useful information for making diagnosis. A CT scan is sometimes used to rule out some causes from the central nervous system.
Treatment[edit]
Medications offered can include the immunosuppressant prednisone, intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG), anticonvulsants such as gabapentin or Gabitril and antiviral medication, depending on the underlying cause[medical citation needed]..
In addition to treatment of the underlying disorder, palliative care can include the use of topical numbing creams, such as lidocaine or prilocaine. Care must be taken to apply only the necessary amount, as excess can contribute to the condition. Otherwise, these products offer extremely effective, but short-lasting, relief from the condition. Paresthesia caused by stroke may receive some temporary benefit from high doses of Baclofen multiple times a day[citation needed]. HIV patients who self-medicate with cannabis report that it reduces their symptoms.[11]
Paresthesia caused by shingles is treated with appropriate antiviral medication.[12]
Etymology[edit]
The word paresthesia (/ˌpærɪsˈθiːziə/ or /ˌpærɪsˈθiːʒə/) (British English paraesthesia; plural paraesthesiae /ˌpærɪsˈθiːzɪiː/ or paraesthesias), comes from the Greek para ("beside", i.e., abnormal) and aisthesia ("sensation").[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Paresthesia Definition and Origin". dictionary.com. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Paresthesia Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (NINDS)
Jump up ^ "Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection". Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Marks, Dawn B.; Swanson, Todd; Kim, Sandra I.; Glucksman, Marc (2007). Biochemistry and Molecular biology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8624-X.
Jump up ^ Paresthesia dental definition: The Free Dictionary. (TheFreeDictionary)
Jump up ^ Garisto, G; Gaffen, A; Lawrence, H; Tenenbaum, H; Haas, D (Jul 2010). "Occurrence of Paresthesia After Dental Local Anesthetic Administration in the United States" (PDF). The Journal of the American Dental Association. 141 (7): 836–844. PMID 20592403. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0281.
Jump up ^ Ietsugu, T; Sukigara, M; Furukawa, TA (Dec 2007). "Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for panic attack using item response theory: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey in USA". Journal of Affective Disorders. 104 (1–3): 197–201. PMID 17434598. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.005.
Jump up ^ Nitrous Oxide
Jump up ^ Vijverberg, H.P., van den Bercken, J. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (1990) Neurotoxicological effects and the mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides.
Jump up ^ Woolridge Emily; et al. (2005). "Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms". Journal of pain and symptom management. 29 (4): 358–367. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.07.011. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Cohen KR, Salbu RL, Frank J, Israel I. "Presentation and management of herpes zoster (shingles) in the geriatric population". P T. 38: 217–27. PMC 3684190  . PMID 23785227. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Clinical and neurological abnormalities in adult celiac disease, G. Cicarelli • G. Della Rocca • M. Amboni • C. Ciacci • G. Mazzacca • A. Filla • P. Barone, Neurol Sci (2003) 24:311–317 DOI 10.1007/s10072-003-0181-4
External links[edit]
Look up paresthesia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
paresthesia at NINDS
What makes your arms, legs and feet fall asleep?
[hide]
v
t
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Symptoms and signs: skin and subcutaneous tissue (R20–R23, 782)
Disturbances of
skin sensation
Hypoesthesia
Paresthesia
Formication
Hyperesthesia
Hypoalgesia
Hyperalgesia
Circulation
Cyanosis
Pallor/Livedo
Livedo reticularis
Flushing
Petechia
Edema
Peripheral edema
Anasarca
Other
Rash
Desquamation
Induration
Diaphoresis
Mass
Neck mass
Skin
Asboe-Hansen sign
Auspitz's sign
Borsari's sign
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Crowe sign
Dennie–Morgan fold
Darier's sign
Fitzpatrick's sign
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Gottron's sign
Hutchinson's sign
Janeway lesion
Kerr's sign
Koebner's phenomenon
Koplik's spots
Leser-Trelat sign
Nikolsky's sign
Pastia's sign
Russell's sign
Wickham striae
Wolf's isotopic response
Nails
Aldrich-Mees' lines
Beau's lines
Muehrcke's lines
Terry's nails
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National Velvet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the novel. For the 1980s Canadian rock band National Velvet, see National Velvet (band). For the film, see National Velvet (film). For the television series, see National Velvet (TV series).
National Velvet
First edition (UK)
Author
Enid Bagnold
Illustrator
Laurian Jones
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Publisher
Heinemann (UK)
William Morrow (US)
Publication date
1935
Pages
306
National Velvet is a novel by Enid Bagnold (1889–1981), first published in 1935.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
1.1 Film adaptation
1.2 Radio adaptation
1.3 Television adaptation
1.4 Film sequel
2 References
Plot summary[edit]
"National Velvet" is the story of a 14-year-old girl named Velvet Brown, who trains and rides her horse, named The Piebald, to victory in the Grand National steeplechase.
The novel focuses on the ability of ordinary persons, particularly women, to accomplish great things. Velvet is a teenager in the late 1920s, living in a small English coastal village in Sussex, dreaming of one day owning many horses. She is a high-strung, shy, nervous child with a delicate stomach. Her mother is a wise, taciturn woman who was once famous for swimming the English Channel; her father is a butcher.
Velvet's best friend is her father's assistant, Mi (Michael) Taylor, whose father – as Mrs. Brown's swimming coach – helped her cross the channel. Mi formerly worked in stables and is familiar with the horse racing world. One day they both watch The Piebald jump over a five-foot-high cobbled fence to escape a field. Mi remarks that, "a horse like that'd win the National".[1] Velvet becomes obsessed with winning the horse in an upcoming raffle and riding him to greatness.
In addition to inheriting several horses from one of her father's customers, Velvet also wins The Pie, her dream horse. After riding him in a local gymkhana, she and Mi seriously consider entering the Grand National steeplechase at Aintree racecourse and train the Piebald accordingly.
Mi uses his connections to the horse training/racing world and obtains a fake clearance document for Velvet in the name of James Tasky, a Russian jockey. Velvet wins the race, but is disqualified for dismounting too soon after she slides off the saddle due to exhaustion, and her gender is discovered in the first-aid station.
The racing world is both dismayed and fascinated by a young girl's winning its toughest race. Velvet and The Piebald become instant celebrities, with Velvet and her family nearly drowning in notoriety (echoing her mother's unsought fame after swimming the English Channel), complete with merchandising. Velvet strongly objects to the publicity, saying The Piebald is a creature of glory who should not be cheapened in tabloid trash and newsreels. She insists that she did not win the race, the horse did, and she simply wanted to see him go down in history. The National Hunt Committee finds no evidence of fraud, exonerates all involved, and Velvet and her family return to their ordinary lives; or rather, Velvet goes on "to her next adventures", for clearly she is a person to whom great things happen.
Film adaptation[edit]
The novel was made into a more or less faithful, highly successful film version in 1944, starring twelve-year-old Elizabeth Taylor and Mickey Rooney, with Donald Crisp, Anne Revere and a young Angela Lansbury. In 2008 the film was voted the ninth best American film in the sports genre.[2][3] In the film the horse, who was solid coloured, hence not a piebald (British English) or pinto (American English), was renamed The Pie.[4]
Radio adaptation[edit]
National Velvet was presented on Hallmark Playhouse on the CBS radio network on 6 October 1949. The half-hour adaptation starred Roddy McDowell and Anne Whitfield.[5]
Television adaptation[edit]
From 1960 to 1962, there was a half-hour B&W American television series, with Lori Martin, Ann Doran and James McCallion. In this version her horse was named King. This aired on NBC for 52 episodes.
Film sequel[edit]
A 1978 film sequel, International Velvet, was made starring Tatum O'Neal as Sarah Brown, a young orphaned American teenager living in England with her aunt Velvet Brown (Nanette Newman) after Sarah's parents die in a car accident. Sarah and Velvet purchase the descendant of The Pie after Sarah earns the money by working for Velvet's boyfriend John. They name him Arizona Pie after Sarah's home state. Working with Arizona Pie, Sarah is selected to represent Britain in the equine Three-Day Olympic Event. While working with the horse with trainer Capt Johnson (Anthony Hopkins), she falls for an American competitor, Scott Saunders (Jeffrey Byron). Though distracted by him, she wins the event. Later, after getting engaged to Scott, Sarah returns to England and presents the medal to her aunt Velvet as a keepsake and introduces her and John to Scott.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Enid Bagnold, "National Velvet", William Morrow & Co. Inc., 1949, p. 67.
Jump up ^ "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". American Film Institute. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2008 – via ComingSoon.net.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Sports". American Film Institute. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
Jump up ^ In the book The Piebald was occasionally abbreviated to The Pie.
Jump up ^ "Those Were the Days". Nostalgia Digest. 43 (1): 33. Winter 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Velvet&oldid=825441906"
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Here and Now (2018 TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Here and Now
Genre
Dark comedy[1]
Drama
Created by
Alan Ball
Starring
Holly Hunter
Tim Robbins
Daniel Zovatto
Jerrika Hinton
Raymond Lee
Sosie Bacon
Joe Williamson
Andy Bean
Peter Macdissi
Composer(s)
Michael Penn
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
9 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Alan Ball
Peter Macdissi
David Knoller
Producer(s)
Steve Oster
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Your Face Goes Here Entertainment
HBO Entertainment
Release
Original network
HBO
Picture format
16:9 HDTV
Original release
February 11, 2018 – present
External links
Website
Here and Now is an American drama television series created by Alan Ball.[2] The first season consists of ten episodes and premiered on HBO on February 11, 2018.[3] Starring Holly Hunter and Tim Robbins, the series focuses on a contemporary multi-racial family in the Portland area.[4] The show's plot involves many issues including race, identity and mental illness.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Guest starring
1.3 Series 1 (2018)
2 Episodes
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
3.3 Marketing
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Holly Hunter as Audrey Bayer, a therapist[4]
Tim Robbins as Greg Boatwright, Audrey's husband and a philosophy professor[4]
Jerrika Hinton as Ashley Collins, adopted by the Bayer-Boatwrights from Liberia, now creator and owner of a retail fashion website[5]
Raymond Lee as Duc Bayer-Boatwright, adopted from Vietnam when he was five, now a successful life coach and a womanizer[5]
Daniel Zovatto as Ramon Bayer-Boatwright, adopted from an orphanage in Colombia at 18 months, now a college senior studying video game design[5]
Sosie Bacon as Kristen Bayer-Boatwright, a junior in high school and her parents' only biological child[5]
Joe Williamson as Malcolm Collins, Ashley's husband and Duc's best friend, an assistant personal trainer for the Portland women’s soccer team[6]
Andy Bean as Henry, a free spirit who falls in love with Ramon[6]
Peter Macdissi as Dr. Farid Shokrani, Ramon's therapist
Marwan Salama as Navid Shokrani[2]
Guest starring[edit]
Trent Garrett as Randy
Kevin Bigley as Michael
Cynthia Ettinger as Lydia
Series 1 (2018)[edit]
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Eleven Eleven" Alan Ball Alan Ball February 11, 2018 (2018-02-11) 0.541[7]
The Bayer-Boatwrights are a multicultural family consisting of the patriarch Greg, (Tim Robbins) a professor — having an affair with a prostitute — who is having his 60th birthday, organized by his wife Audrey (Holly Hunter) and only biological child, Kristen (Sosie Bacon) an introverted high school student. They also have three adopted children: Ashley (Jerrika Hinton), adopted from Liberia, a fashion designer who is married with a biological daughter; Duc (Raymond Lee), adopted from Vietnam, a life coach; and Ramon (Daniel Zovatto), adopted from Colombia, who is in a relationship with free-spirited Henry (Andy Bean). The party goes awry when Ramon starts hallucinating and seeing the figures 11:11 constantly. He starts to see a therapist, and Audrey suspects it is schizophrenia.
2
"It's Coming" Uta Briesewitz Alan Ball February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18) 0.368[8]
Ramon notices during his therapist session conducted by Farid (Fred) Shrokani, (Peter Macdissi) and that woman in Ramon's dream is the therapist's mother, and that 11:11 is his therapists birthday. The therapist also has a gender-fluid son who likes to cross dress and wear a hijab. Kristen has sex for the first time with a model whom Ashley brought to their father's birthday and contracts an STD. They visit a Planned Parenthood clinic and Kristen kicks a protester in the groin and she and Ashley are arrested. Duc gets his book published and has various amount of one night stands. Greg tells his students in a lecture to leave and enjoy life and one of his students ask if he is okay. Audrey decides to host a family meeting to discuss the state of Ramon's health without Ramon; Kristen tells him, and Ramon barges in and tells them it's his decision. Greg drives down and hits a fork in the road, sees 11 11 on a road sign then heads in the wrong direction.
3
"If a Deer Shits in the Woods" Uta Briesewitz Mohamad El Masri February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25) 0.385[9]
4
"Hide and Seek" Jeremy Podeswa Nancy Oliver March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04) 0.300[10]
5
"From Sun Up To Sun Down" Jeremy Podeswa J.R. Edwards March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11) 0.333[11]
6
"Fight, Death" Lisa Cholodenko Wes Taylor March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18) 0.357[12]
7
"Wake" Lisa Cholodenko Tanya Barfield March 25, 2018 (2018-03-25) 0.384[13]
8
"Yes" Janicza Bravo Nancy Oliver April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01) 0.364[14]
9
"Dream Logic" Minkie Spiro Charles Yu April 8, 2018 (2018-04-08) TBD
10
"It's Here"[15] Jeremy Podeswa Alan Ball April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15) TBD
Production[edit]
HBO ordered the series in July 2016.[16]
Casting[edit]
On January 31, 2018, it was announced that Stephanie Arcila and Erin Carufel signed onto the series in the recurring roles of Mami and Wendy, respectively.[17]
Filming[edit]
The series is partially filmed in Portland, Oregon.[18]
Marketing[edit]
The teaser trailer of the first season was released in December 2017.[19]
Reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a 24% approval rating based 41 reviews, with an average rating of 4.59/10. And the website's consensus reads, "Here and Now clearly has a point it wants to make, but a nebulous plot and unfocused character development stand in the way of its potential."[20] On Metacritic, it has a score of 46 out of 100 based 31 reviews.[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "'Here and Now' trailer teases 'True Blood' creator's Trump-era HBO series". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Petski, Denise (August 9, 2017). "'Chance' Casts David Barrera; Marwan Salama Joins Alan Ball's HBO Drama Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (December 19, 2017). "'Here And Now': Alan Ball's Series Gets Premiere Date On HBO". Deadline. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Andreeva, Nellie (February 21, 2017). "Tim Robbins To Star In Alan Ball's Family Drama Series For HBO". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Andreeva, Nellie (January 6, 2017). "Alan Ball HBO Series Casts Sosie Bacon, Daniel Zovatto, Raymond Lee & Jerrika Hinton". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (February 24, 2017). "HBO's Alan Ball Drama Adds Pair to Cast". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 13, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.11.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 21, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.18.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 27, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.25.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 6, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.4.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 13, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.11.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 20, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.18.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 27, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.25.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 3, 2018). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.1.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Here and Now 10: It's Here". HBO. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (July 30, 2016). "HBO Orders New Alan Ball Series, Extends Overall Deal With 'Six Feet Under' Creator". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 31, 2018). "'Here And Now': Stephanie Arcila & Erin Carufel Set To Recur In Alan Ball's HBO Series". Deadline. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "First look at HBO Portland-filmed series, 'Here and Now'". OregonLive.com. December 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Here and Now' Trailer Reveals 'True Blood' Creator Alan Ball's New HBO Series". Collider. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Here and Now: Season 1 - Rotten Tomatoes". Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Here and Now". Retrieved March 20, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Here and Now on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Alan Ball filmography
TV series created
Oh, Grow Up (1999)
Six Feet Under (episodes, 2001–05)
True Blood (episodes, 2008–14)
Here and Now (2018)
Film
American Beauty (1999) (writer)
Towelhead (2007) (director, writer)
Theatre
Five Women Wearing the Same Dress (1993)
[show]
v
t
e
HBO programming
[show]
Former
Series
1970s debuts
Inside the NFL
On Location
Race for the Pennant
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Tennis on HBO
Time Was
1980s debuts
1st & Ten
America Undercover ("Autopsy", "Real Sex" and "Taxicab Confessions")
Babar
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One Night Stand
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Tales from the Crypt
Video Jukebox
1990s debuts
The Adventures of Tintin
Arliss
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The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures
Crashbox
Def Comedy Jam
Dennis Miller Live
Dream On
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HBO Comedy Half-Hour
Hotel Room
The Larry Sanders Show
Lifestories: Families in Crisis
A Little Curious
The Little Lulu Show
Mokku of the Oak Tree
Mr. Show with Bob and David
The Neverending Story
Oz
Perversions of Science
Pippi Longstocking
Rainbow Fish
Reverb
Sex and the City
The Sopranos
Spicy City
Tenacious D
Todd McFarlane's Spawn
Tracey Takes On...
2000s debuts
Animated Tales of the World
Big Love
Bored to Death
Carnivàle
Cathouse: The Series
Classical Baby
Costas Now
Da Ali G Show
Deadwood
Def Poetry Jam
Eastbound & Down
The Electric Company
Entourage
Extras
Flight of the Conchords
G String Divas
Harold and the Purple Crayon
Hung
I Spy
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Joe Buck Live
John from Cincinnati
K Street
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KO Nation
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Little Britain USA
Lucky Louie
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On the Record with Bob Costas
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Project Greenlight
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Stuart Little: The Animated Series
Summer Heights High
Tales from the Neverending Story
Tell Me You Love Me
True Blood
Tourgasm
Unscripted
The Wire
2010s debuts
After the Thrones
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Any Given Wednesday with Bill Simmons
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Funny or Die Presents
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Girls
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How to Make It in America
Ja'mie: Private School Girl
Jonah from Tonga
The Leftovers
Life's Too Short
Looking
Luck
Masterclass
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The Ricky Gervais Show
Togetherness
Treme
Vice Principals
Vinyl
Miniseries
All the Rivers Run
Angels in America
Assume the Position with Mr. Wuhl
Band of Brothers
The Casual Vacancy
The Corner
Elizabeth I
Empire Falls
From the Earth to the Moon
Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways
Generation Kill
House of Saddam
The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst
John Adams
Laurel Avenue
Mildred Pierce
Mosaic
The Night Of
Olive Kitteridge
The Pacific
Parade's End
Show Me a Hero
Tanner '88
[show]
Current and upcoming
Current
All Def Comedy (since 2016)
Animals. (since 2016)
Ballers (since 2015)
Barry (since 2018)
Big Little Lies (since 2017)
Boxing After Dark (since 1996)
The Comeback (2005; since 2014)
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The Deuce (since 2017)
Divorce (since 2016)
Game of Thrones (since 2011)
Hard Knocks (since 2001)
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Here and Now (since 2018)
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Insecure (since 2016)
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Room 104 (since 2017)
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Sharp Objects (2018)
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See also
HBO Storybook Musicals
HBO Latin America original series
HBO Canada original series
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Here_and_Now_(2018_TV_series)&oldid=835575783"
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HBO network shows
English-language television programs
Television shows filmed in Oregon
Television shows set in Portland, Oregon
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text:
List of counties in Arizona
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: List of United States counties and county-equivalents
Counties of Arizona
APH
CHS
CNO
GLA
GHM
GLE
LPZ
MCP
MHV
NVO
PMA
PNL
SCZ
YVP
YMA
Category
Federal Unit
Location
State of Arizona
Number
15
Populations
7,754 (Greenlee) – 3,990,181 (Maricopa)
Areas
1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) (Santa Cruz) – 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2) (Coconino)
Government
County government
Subdivisions
cities, towns, unincorporated communities, census designated place
There are 15 counties in the U.S. state of Arizona.[1] Four counties (Mohave, Pima, Yavapai and Yuma) were created in 1864 following the organization of the Arizona Territory in 1862. The now defunct Pah-Ute County was split from Mohave County in 1865, but merged back in 1871. All but La Paz County were created by the time Arizona was granted statehood in 1912.[2]
Eight of Arizona's fifteen counties are named after various Native American groups that are resident in parts of what is now Arizona, with another (Cochise County) being named after a native leader. Four other counties, Gila County, Santa Cruz County, Pinal County, and Graham County, are named for physical features of Arizona's landscape: the Gila River, the Santa Cruz River, Pinal Peak, and Mount Graham, respectively. Another county, La Paz County, is named after a former settlement, while the final county, Greenlee County, is named after one of the state's early pioneers.[3]
Under Arizona laws, a county shall not be formed or divided by county initiative unless each proposed county would have all of the following characteristics: (1) at least three-fourths of one percent of the total state assessed valuation and at least the statewide per capita assessed valuation; (2) a population of at least three-fourths of one percent of the total state population according to the most recent United States decennial census; (3) at least one hundred square miles of privately owned land; (4) common boundaries with either (a) at least three other existing or proposed counties; or (b) at least two other existing or proposed counties and the state boundary.[4] A county formation commission is required to be formed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed county.[5] A proposal to divide a county must be approved by a majority of the votes cast in each proposed new county.[6]
Under the Arizona Constitution, counties are politically and legally creatures of the state, and do not have charters of their own. Counties are governed by boards of supervisors which act in the capacity of executive authority for the county within the statutes and powers prescribed by Arizona state law. The state legislature devotes considerable time to local matters, with limited discretion granted to the Board of Supervisors on minor ordinance and revenue collection issues.
Arizona's postal abbreviation is AZ and its FIPS code is 04.
Contents
1 Alphabetical listing
2 Defunct counties
3 Proposed counties
4 See also
5 References
Alphabetical listing[edit]
County
FIPS code[7]
County seat[8]
Est.[8]
Formed from[2]
Etymology[3]
Population[8][9]
Area[8][9]
Map
Apache County 001 St. Johns 1879 Yavapai County The Apache (Ndee) people. Apache is an exonym from Zuni ʔapaču "Navajos" or Yavapai ʔpačə "enemy". 7004699800000000000♠69,980 7004112180000000000♠11,218 sq mi
(7004290540000000000♠29,054 km2)
Cochise County 003 Bisbee 1881 Pima County Cochise, a Chiricahua Apache chief and leader of an 1861 uprising. Cochise is an anglicisation of K'uu-ch'ish "oak". 7005127866000000000♠127,866 7003621900000000000♠6,219 sq mi
(7004161070000000000♠16,107 km2)
Coconino County 005 Flagstaff 1891 Yavapai County Coconino is a former designation for the Havasupai, Hualapai, and/or Yavapai, derived from the Hopi exonym Kohonino. 7005134421000000000♠134,421 7004186610000000000♠18,661 sq mi
(7004483320000000000♠48,332 km2)
Gila County 007 Globe 1881 Maricopa and Pinal Counties The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado. Possibly from Apache dzil "mountain," via Spanish Xila. 7004519940000000000♠51,994 7003479600000000000♠4,796 sq mi
(7004124220000000000♠12,422 km2)
Graham County 009 Safford 1881 Apache and Pima Counties Mount Graham, in the Pinaleños. Mt. Graham itself is named for topographical engineer James Duncan Graham.[10] 7004347690000000000♠34,769 7003464100000000000♠4,641 sq mi
(7004120200000000000♠12,020 km2)
Greenlee County 011 Clifton 1909 Graham County Mason Greenlee, early prospector. Named by an amendment initially intended to delay the bill creating "Lincoln County".[11] 7003775400000000000♠7,754 7003184800000000000♠1,848 sq mi
(7003478600000000000♠4,786 km2)
La Paz County 012 Parker 1983 Yuma County La Paz, Arizona, a historic boomtown on the Colorado River. A common placename, La Paz means "The Peace" in Spanish. 7004201720000000000♠20,172 7003451300000000000♠4,513 sq mi
(7004116890000000000♠11,689 km2)
Maricopa County 013 Phoenix 1871 Pima and Yavapai Counties The Maricopa (Piipaash) people. First attested in Spanish as Cocomaricopa, no origin or meaning is definitively known. 7006399018100000000♠3,990,181 7003922400000000000♠9,224 sq mi
(7004238900000000000♠23,890 km2)
Mohave County 015 Kingman 1864 — The Mohave (Aha Makhav) people. The Mohave endonym means "along the water," referring to the Colorado.[12] 7005194944000000000♠194,944 7004134700000000000♠13,470 sq mi
(7004348870000000000♠34,887 km2)
Navajo County 017 Holbrook 1895 Apache County The Navajo (Diné) people. Navajo is an exonym from Tewa Navahu "big field," referring to the San Juan River Valley 7005111273000000000♠111,273 7003995900000000000♠9,959 sq mi
(7004257940000000000♠25,794 km2)
Pima County 019 Tucson 1864 — The Pima (Akimel O'odham) people. Pima is a Spanish exonym from the O'odham phrase pi mac "(I) don't know," presumably heard during initial encounters. 7006100323500000000♠1,003,235 7003918900000000000♠9,189 sq mi
(7004237990000000000♠23,799 km2)
Pinal County 021 Florence 1875 Maricopa and Pima counties Pinal Peak, possibly from Spanish pinal "place of pines". Pinal Peak is now within the borders of Gila County. 7005324962000000000♠324,962 7003537400000000000♠5,374 sq mi
(7004139190000000000♠13,919 km2)
Santa Cruz County 023 Nogales 1899 Cochise and Pima counties Santa Cruz River, a tributary of the Gila. A common placename, Santa Cruz means "Holy Cross" in Spanish. 7004428450000000000♠42,845 7003123800000000000♠1,238 sq mi
(7003320600000000000♠3,206 km2)
Yavapai County 025 Prescott 1864 — The Yavapai people. The Yavapé are one of four major Yavapai bands. 7005212635000000000♠212,635 7003812800000000000♠8,128 sq mi
(7004210510000000000♠21,051 km2)
Yuma County 027 Yuma 1864 — Yuma is a former name of the Quechan people, derived from the O'odham exonym Yumĭ. 7005190557000000000♠190,557 7003551900000000000♠5,519 sq mi
(7004142940000000000♠14,294 km2)
Defunct counties[edit]
Pah-Ute County (1865–1871), now part of Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona
Proposed counties[edit]
Butte County: In 1897, James C. Goodwin, with the support of Charles T. Hayden and others, introduced a bill at the Territorial Legislature to split Maricopa County into two, with Tempe being the county seat.[13][14] There have also been proposals, introduced in 1900 and 1913, to divide Maricopa County, with Mesa as the new county's seat.[14]
Sierra Bonita County: proposed at the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature in 1885, with Willcox proposed as the county seat. The proposal died by one vote.[15]
See also[edit]
Bannon County, a fictional county in Arizona, was the site of the UFO crash in the film Hangar 18.
Arizona Association of Counties
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Find A County". uscounties.org. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Adams, Ward R. (1997). History of Arizona. Higginson Book Company. ISBN 0-8328-7044-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Kane, Joseph & Aiken, Charles (2004). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950–2000. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5036-2.
Jump up ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-132(B)
Jump up ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-136
Jump up ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-137(H)
Jump up ^ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA. Archived from the original on September 28, 2004. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c d National Association of Counties. "NACo – Find a county". Archived from the original on 2005-04-10. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Arizona QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2007-07-17. (2000 Census)
Jump up ^ "A Little Bit of Mount Graham History". University of Arizona. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved 2015-03-0. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
Jump up ^ "History of Greenlee County: Mason Greenlee". Greenlee County Government. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
Jump up ^ "The Name Mojave". Mojave Desert Heritage and Cultural Association. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
Jump up ^ Rowe, Jeremy (2011). Early Maricopa County: 1871–1920. Arcadia Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7385-7416-5. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Mark, Jay (January 12, 2017). "Tempe history: Tempe — Seat of Butte County". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture, Volume 2. Arizona: S. J. Clarke publishing Company. p. 334. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
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