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List of FA Cup Finals
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Further information: FA Cup Final
The Blackburn Rovers team which won the FA Cup in 1884. Team captain James Brown (front row, centre) holds the trophy.
The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout competition in English football, organised by and named after The Football Association (the FA). It is the oldest existing football competition in the world,[1] having commenced in the 1871–72 season.[2] The tournament is open to all clubs in the top 10 levels of the English football league system, although a club's home stadium must meet certain requirements prior to entering the tournament.[3] The competition culminates at the end of the league season usually in May with the FA Cup Final, officially named The Football Association Challenge Cup Final Tie, which has traditionally been regarded as the showpiece finale of the English football season.[4]
All of the final venues, apart from four, have been in London with most being played at the original Wembley Stadium, which was used from 1923 until the stadium closed in 2000. The other venues that were used for the final prior to 1923 were Kennington Oval, Crystal Palace, Stamford Bridge and Lillie Bridge, all in London, Goodison Park in Liverpool and Fallowfield Stadium and Old Trafford in Manchester. The Millennium Stadium in Cardiff hosted the final for six years (2001–2006), while the new Wembley Stadium was under construction. Other grounds have been used for replays, which until 1999 took place if the initial match ended in a draw. The new Wembley Stadium has been the permanent venue of the final since 2007.
As of 2018, the record for the most wins is held by Arsenal with 13 victories.[2] The cup has been won by the same team in two or more consecutive years on ten occasions, and four teams have won consecutive finals more than once: Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers, Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal.[2] The cup has been won by a non-English team once. The cup is currently held by Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United in the 2018 final.
Contents
1 History
2 Finals
2.1 Key
2.2 Results
3 Results by team
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Further information: History of the FA Cup
Tottenham Hotspur captain Arthur Grimsdell displays the cup to fans on the Tottenham High Road after Spurs' victory in the 1921 final, the first win by a London-based team for 20 years.
The winners of the first tournament were Wanderers, a team of former public schoolboys based in London, who went on to win the competition five times in its first seven seasons. The early winners of the competition were all teams of wealthy amateurs from the south of England,[5] but in 1883, Blackburn Olympic became the first team from the north to win the cup, defeating Old Etonians. Upon his team's return to Blackburn, Olympic captain Albert Warburton proclaimed: "The Cup is very welcome to Lancashire. It'll have a good home and it'll never go back to London."[6]
With the advent of professionalism at around the same time, the amateur teams quickly faded from prominence in the competition.[5] The leading professional clubs formed The Football League in 1888.[7] Since then, one non-league team has won the cup. Tottenham Hotspur, then of the Southern League, defeated Sheffield United of The Football League to win the 1901 final.[8] A year later Sheffield United returned to the final and won the cup, which then remained in the hands of Northern and Midland clubs until Tottenham won it again in 1921.[2] In 1927, Cardiff City, a team which plays in the English football league system despite being based in Wales, won the cup, the only non-English club to do so.[9] Scottish club Queens Park reached the final twice in the early years of the competition.[2]
Newcastle United enjoyed a brief spell of FA Cup dominance in the 1950s, winning the trophy three times in five years,[2] and in the 1960s, Tottenham Hotspur enjoyed a similar spell of success, with three wins in seven seasons. This marked the start of a successful period for London-based clubs, with 11 wins in 22 seasons.[10] Teams from the second tier of English football, at the time called the Second Division, experienced an unprecedented run of cup success between 1973 and 1980.[10] Sunderland won the cup in 1973, Southampton repeated the feat in 1976, and West Ham United won in 1980, the most recent victory by a team from outside the top division.[2][8]
Finals[edit]
Until 1999, a draw in the final would result in the match being replayed at a later date;[11] since then the final has always been decided on the day, with a penalty shootout as required.[12] As of 2018 a penalty shoot-out has been required on only two occasions, in the 2005 and 2006 finals. The competition did not take place during the First and Second World Wars, other than in the 1914–15 season, when it was completed, and the 1939–40 season, when it was abandoned during the qualifying rounds.[2]
Key[edit]
Key to list of winners
(R) Replay
* Match went to extra time
Match decided by a penalty shoot-out after extra time
Winning team won the Double
Italics Team from outside the top level of English football
(since the formation of The Football League in 1888)
All teams are English, except where marked (Scottish) or (Welsh).
Results[edit]
FA Cup winners
Season
Winners[2]
Score[2]
Runners–up[2]
Venue[13]
Attendance[13]
1871–72
Wanderers
1–0 Royal Engineers Kennington Oval 2,000
1872–73
Wanderers
2–0 Oxford University Lillie Bridge 3,000
1873–74
Oxford University
2–0 Royal Engineers Kennington Oval 2,000
1874–75
Royal Engineers
* 1–1 * Old Etonians Kennington Oval 2,000
1874–75 (R)
Royal Engineers
2–0 Old Etonians Kennington Oval 3,000
1875–76
Wanderers
* 1–1 * Old Etonians Kennington Oval 3,500
1875–76 (R)
Wanderers
3–0 Old Etonians Kennington Oval 1,500
1876–77
Wanderers
* 2–1 * Oxford University Kennington Oval 3,000
1877–78
Wanderers
3–1 Royal Engineers Kennington Oval 4,500
1878–79
Old Etonians
1–0 Clapham Rovers Kennington Oval 5,000
1879–80
Clapham Rovers
1–0 Oxford University Kennington Oval 6,000
1880–81
Old Carthusians
3–0 Old Etonians Kennington Oval 4,000
1881–82
Old Etonians
1–0 Blackburn Rovers Kennington Oval 6,500
1882–83
Blackburn Olympic
* 2–1 * Old Etonians Kennington Oval 8,000
1883–84
Blackburn Rovers
2–1 Queen's Park Kennington Oval 4,000
1884–85
Blackburn Rovers
2–0 Queen's Park Kennington Oval 12,500
1885–86
Blackburn Rovers
0–0 West Bromwich Albion Kennington Oval 15,000
1885–86 (R)
Blackburn Rovers
2–0 West Bromwich Albion Racecourse Ground 12,000
1886–87
Aston Villa
2–0 West Bromwich Albion Kennington Oval 15,500
1887–88
West Bromwich Albion
2–1 Preston North End Kennington Oval 19,000
1888–89
Preston North End
3–0 Wolverhampton Wanderers Kennington Oval 22,000
1889–90
Blackburn Rovers
6–1 The Wednesday Kennington Oval 20,000
1890–91
Blackburn Rovers
3–1 Notts County Kennington Oval 23,000
1891–92
West Bromwich Albion
3–0 Aston Villa Kennington Oval 32,810
1892–93
Wolverhampton Wanderers
1–0 Everton Fallowfield Stadium 45,000
1893–94
Notts County
4–1 Bolton Wanderers Goodison Park 37,000
1894–95
Aston Villa
1–0 West Bromwich Albion Crystal Palace 42,560
1895–96
The Wednesday
2–1 Wolverhampton Wanderers Crystal Palace 48,836
1896–97
Aston Villa
3–2 Everton Crystal Palace 65,891
1897–98
Nottingham Forest
3–1 Derby County Crystal Palace 62,017
1898–99
Sheffield United
4–1 Derby County Crystal Palace 73,833
1899–1900
Bury
4–0 Southampton Crystal Palace 68,945
1900–01
Tottenham Hotspur
2–2 Sheffield United Crystal Palace 110,820
1900–01 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
3–1 Sheffield United Burnden Park 20,470
1901–02
Sheffield United
1–1 Southampton Crystal Palace 76,914
1901–02 (R)
Sheffield United
2–1 Southampton Crystal Palace 33,068
1902–03
Bury
6–0 Derby County Crystal Palace 63,102
1903–04
Manchester City
1–0 Bolton Wanderers Crystal Palace 61,374
1904–05
Aston Villa
2–0 Newcastle United Crystal Palace 101,117
1905–06
Everton
1–0 Newcastle United Crystal Palace 75,609
1906–07
The Wednesday
2–1 Everton Crystal Palace 84,594
1907–08
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–1 Newcastle United Crystal Palace 74,697
1908–09
Manchester United
1–0 Bristol City Crystal Palace 71,401
1909–10
Newcastle United
1–1 Barnsley Crystal Palace 77,747
1909–10 (R)
Newcastle United
2–0 Barnsley Goodison Park 69,000
1910–11
Bradford City
0–0 Newcastle United Crystal Palace 69,068
1910–11 (R)
Bradford City
1–0 Newcastle United Old Trafford 58,000
1911–12
Barnsley
0–0 West Bromwich Albion Crystal Palace 54,556
1911–12 (R)
Barnsley
* 1–0 * West Bromwich Albion Bramall Lane 38,555
1912–13
Aston Villa
1–0 Sunderland Crystal Palace 121,919
1913–14
Burnley
1–0 Liverpool Crystal Palace 72,778
1914–15
Sheffield United
3–0 Chelsea Old Trafford 49,557
1919–20
Aston Villa
* 1–0 * Huddersfield Town Stamford Bridge 50,018
1920–21
Tottenham Hotspur
1–0 Wolverhampton Wanderers Stamford Bridge 72,805
1921–22
Huddersfield Town
1–0 Preston North End Stamford Bridge 53,000
1922–23
Bolton Wanderers
2–0 West Ham United Wembley Stadium (original) 126,047[A]
1923–24
Newcastle United
2–0 Aston Villa Wembley Stadium (original) 91,695
1924–25
Sheffield United
1–0 Cardiff City Wembley Stadium (original) 91,763
1925–26
Bolton Wanderers
1–0 Manchester City Wembley Stadium (original) 91,447
1926–27
Cardiff City
1–0 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 91,206
1927–28
Blackburn Rovers
3–1 Huddersfield Town Wembley Stadium (original) 92,041
1928–29
Bolton Wanderers
2–0 Portsmouth Wembley Stadium (original) 92,576
1929–30
Arsenal
2–0 Huddersfield Town Wembley Stadium (original) 92,488
1930–31
West Bromwich Albion
2–1 Birmingham Wembley Stadium (original) 92,406
1931–32
Newcastle United
2–1 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 92,298
1932–33
Everton
3–0 Manchester City Wembley Stadium (original) 92,950
1933–34
Manchester City
2–1 Portsmouth Wembley Stadium (original) 93,258
1934–35
Sheffield Wednesday
4–2 West Bromwich Albion Wembley Stadium (original) 93,204
1935–36
Arsenal
1–0 Sheffield United Wembley Stadium (original) 93,384
1936–37
Sunderland
3–1 Preston North End Wembley Stadium (original) 93,495
1937–38
Preston North End
* 1–0 * Huddersfield Town Wembley Stadium (original) 93,497
1938–39
Portsmouth
4–1 Wolverhampton Wanderers Wembley Stadium (original) 99,370
1945–46
Derby County
* 4–1 * Charlton Athletic Wembley Stadium (original) 98,000
1946–47
Charlton Athletic
* 1–0 * Burnley Wembley Stadium (original) 99,000
1947–48
Manchester United
4–2 Blackpool Wembley Stadium (original) 99,000
1948–49
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–1 Leicester City Wembley Stadium (original) 99,500
1949–50
Arsenal
2–0 Liverpool Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1950–51
Newcastle United
2–0 Blackpool Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1951–52
Newcastle United
1–0 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1952–53
Blackpool
4–3 Bolton Wanderers Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1953–54
West Bromwich Albion
3–2 Preston North End Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1954–55
Newcastle United
3–1 Manchester City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1955–56
Manchester City
3–1 Birmingham City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1956–57
Aston Villa
2–1 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1957–58
Bolton Wanderers
2–0 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1958–59
Nottingham Forest
2–1 Luton Town Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1959–60
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–0 Blackburn Rovers Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1960–61
Tottenham Hotspur
2–0 Leicester City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1961–62
Tottenham Hotspur
3–1 Burnley Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1962–63
Manchester United
3–1 Leicester City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1963–64
West Ham United
3–2 Preston North End Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1964–65
Liverpool
* 2–1 * Leeds United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1965–66
Everton
3–2 Sheffield Wednesday Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1966–67
Tottenham Hotspur
2–1 Chelsea Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1967–68
West Bromwich Albion
* 1–0 * Everton Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1968–69
Manchester City
1–0 Leicester City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1969–70
Chelsea
* 2–2 * Leeds United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1969–70 (R)
Chelsea
* 2–1 * Leeds United Old Trafford 62,078
1970–71
Arsenal
* 2–1 * Liverpool Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1971–72
Leeds United
1–0 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1972–73
Sunderland
1–0 Leeds United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1973–74
Liverpool
3–0 Newcastle United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1974–75
West Ham United
2–0 Fulham Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1975–76
Southampton
1–0 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1976–77
Manchester United
2–1 Liverpool Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1977–78
Ipswich Town
1–0 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1978–79
Arsenal
3–2 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1979–80
West Ham United
1–0 Arsenal Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1980–81
Tottenham Hotspur
* 1–1 * Manchester City Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1980–81 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
3–2 Manchester City Wembley Stadium (original) 92,000
1981–82
Tottenham Hotspur
* 1–1 * Queens Park Rangers Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1981–82 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
1–0 Queens Park Rangers Wembley Stadium (original) 90,000
1982–83
Manchester United
* 2–2 * Brighton & Hove Albion Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1982–83 (R)
Manchester United
4–0 Brighton & Hove Albion Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1983–84
Everton
2–0 Watford Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1984–85
Manchester United
* 1–0 * Everton Wembley Stadium (original) 100,000
1985–86
Liverpool
3–1 Everton Wembley Stadium (original) 98,000
1986–87
Coventry City
* 3–2 * Tottenham Hotspur Wembley Stadium (original) 98,000
1987–88
Wimbledon
1–0 Liverpool Wembley Stadium (original) 98,203
1988–89
Liverpool
* 3–2 * Everton Wembley Stadium (original) 82,500
1989–90
Manchester United
* 3–3 * Crystal Palace Wembley Stadium (original) 80,000
1989–90 (R)
Manchester United
1–0 Crystal Palace Wembley Stadium (original) 80,000
1990–91
Tottenham Hotspur
* 2–1 * Nottingham Forest Wembley Stadium (original) 80,000
1991–92
Liverpool
2–0 Sunderland Wembley Stadium (original) 80,000
1992–93
Arsenal
* 1–1 * Sheffield Wednesday Wembley Stadium (original) 79,347
1992–93 (R)
Arsenal
* 2–1 * Sheffield Wednesday Wembley Stadium (original) 62,267
1993–94
Manchester United
4–0 Chelsea Wembley Stadium (original) 79,634
1994–95
Everton
1–0 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (original) 79,592
1995–96
Manchester United
1–0 Liverpool Wembley Stadium (original) 79,007
1996–97
Chelsea
2–0 Middlesbrough Wembley Stadium (original) 79,160
1997–98
Arsenal
2–0 Newcastle United Wembley Stadium (original) 79,183
1998–99
Manchester United
2–0 Newcastle United Wembley Stadium (original) 79,101
1999–2000
Chelsea
1–0 Aston Villa Wembley Stadium (original) 78,217
2000–01
Liverpool
2–1 Arsenal Millennium Stadium 72,500
2001–02
Arsenal
2–0 Chelsea Millennium Stadium 73,963
2002–03
Arsenal
1–0 Southampton Millennium Stadium 73,726
2003–04
Manchester United
3–0 Millwall Millennium Stadium 71,350
2004–05
Arsenal
0–0 Manchester United Millennium Stadium 71,876
2005–06
Liverpool
3–3 West Ham United Millennium Stadium 71,140
2006–07
Chelsea
* 1–0 * Manchester United Wembley Stadium (new) 89,826
2007–08
Portsmouth
1–0 Cardiff City Wembley Stadium (new) 89,874
2008–09
Chelsea
2–1 Everton Wembley Stadium (new) 89,391
2009–10
Chelsea
1–0 Portsmouth Wembley Stadium (new) 88,335
2010–11
Manchester City
1–0 Stoke City Wembley Stadium (new) 88,643
2011–12
Chelsea
2–1 Liverpool Wembley Stadium (new) 89,041
2012–13
Wigan Athletic
1–0 Manchester City Wembley Stadium (new) 86,254
2013–14
Arsenal
* 3–2 * Hull City Wembley Stadium (new) 89,345
2014–15
Arsenal
4–0 Aston Villa Wembley Stadium (new) 89,283
2015–16
Manchester United
* 2–1 * Crystal Palace Wembley Stadium (new) 88,619
2016–17
Arsenal
2–1 Chelsea Wembley Stadium (new) 89,472
2017–18
Chelsea
1–0 Manchester United Wembley Stadium (new) 87,647
A. ^ The official attendance for the 1923 final was reported as 126,047, but the actual figure is believed to be anywhere between 150,000 and 300,000.[14][15]
Results by team[edit]
Teams shown in italics are no longer in existence. Additionally, Queen's Park ceased to be eligible to enter the FA Cup after a Scottish Football Association ruling in 1887.[16]
Results by team
Club
Wins
First final won
Last final won
Runners-up
Last final lost
Total final appearances
Arsenal
13 1930 2017 7 2001 20
Manchester United
12 1909 2016 8 2018 20
Chelsea
8 1970 2018 5 2017 13
Tottenham Hotspur
8 1901 1991 1 1987 9
Liverpool
7 1965 2006 7 2012 14
Aston Villa
7 1887 1957 4 2015 11
Newcastle United
6 1910 1955 7 1999 13
Blackburn Rovers
6 1884 1928 2 1960 8
Everton
5 1906 1995 8 2009 13
Manchester City
5 1904 2011 5 2013 10
West Bromwich Albion
5 1888 1968 5 1935 10
Wanderers
5 1872 1878 0 – 5
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4 1893 1960 4 1939 8
Bolton Wanderers
4 1923 1958 3 1953 7
Sheffield United
4 1899 1925 2 1936 6
Sheffield Wednesday[A]
3 1896 1935 3 1993 6
West Ham United
3 1964 1980 2 2006 5
Preston North End
2 1889 1938 5 1964 7
Old Etonians
2 1879 1882 4 1883 6
Portsmouth
2 1939 2008 3 2010 5
Sunderland
2 1937 1973 2 1992 4
Nottingham Forest
2 1898 1959 1 1991 3
Bury
2 1900 1903 0 – 2
Huddersfield Town
1 1922 1922 4 1938 5
Derby County
1 1946 1946 3 1903 4
Leeds United
1 1972 1972 3 1973 4
Oxford University
1 1874 1874 3 1880 4
Royal Engineers
1 1875 1875 3 1878 4
Southampton
1 1976 1976 3 2003 4
Blackpool
1 1953 1953 2 1951 3
Burnley
1 1914 1914 2 1962 3
Cardiff City
1 1927 1927 2 2008 3
Charlton Athletic
1 1947 1947 1 1946 2
Barnsley
1 1912 1912 1 1910 2
Clapham Rovers
1 1880 1880 1 1879 2
Notts County
1 1894 1894 1 1891 2
Blackburn Olympic
1 1883 1883 0 – 1
Bradford City
1 1911 1911 0 – 1
Coventry City
1 1987 1987 0 – 1
Ipswich Town
1 1978 1978 0 – 1
Old Carthusians
1 1881 1881 0 – 1
Wigan Athletic
1 2013 2013 0 – 1
Wimbledon[B]
1 1988 1988 0 – 1
Leicester City
0 4 1969 4
Birmingham City
0 2 1956 2
Crystal Palace
0 2 2016 2
Queen's Park
0 2 1885 2
Brighton & Hove Albion
0 1 1983 1
Bristol City
0 1 1909 1
Fulham
0 1 1975 1
Hull City
0 1 2014 1
Luton Town
0 1 1959 1
Middlesbrough
0 1 1997 1
Millwall
0 1 2004 1
Queens Park Rangers
0 1 1982 1
Stoke City
0 1 2011 1
Watford
0 1 1984 1
Jump up ^ Sheffield Wednesday's total includes two wins and one defeat under the earlier name of The Wednesday.
Jump up ^ Wimbledon relocated in 2004 from south London to Milton Keynes rebranding the club as Milton Keynes Dons, but the current incarnation of the club considers that it was founded in 2004 and does not lay claim to the history or honours (including the FA Cup win) of Wimbledon.[17]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jury, Louise (7 January 2005). "FA Cup trophy's sale to set football memorabilia record". The Independent. Independent News & Media. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "F A Cup Summary – Contents". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "FA Competition Administration". The Football Association. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Townsend, Nick (21 May 2000). "Football: FA Cup Final: Calamity for James as Di Matteo makes history". The Independent. Independent News & Media.
^ Jump up to: a b Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (1983). Encyclopedia of British Football. Willow Books. p. 19. ISBN 0-00-218049-9.
Jump up ^ Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin. Encyclopedia of British Football. p. 20.
Jump up ^ Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin. Encyclopedia of British Football. pp. 16–17.
^ Jump up to: a b Lyles, Christopher (5 January 2008). "FA Cup by numbers". Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Shuttleworth, Peter (9 May 2008). "Cardiff in footsteps of FA Cup giants". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin. Encyclopedia of British Football. p. 27.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (4 February 2005). "FA Cup in danger of losing lustre". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Rules of The FA Challenge Cup". The Football Association. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Barnes, Stuart (2008). Nationwide Football Annual 2008–2009. SportsBooks Ltd. pp. 132, 134–143. ISBN 1-899807-72-1.
Jump up ^ Bateson, Bill; Sewell, Albert (1992). News of the World Football Annual 1992–93. Harper Collins. p. 219. ISBN 0-85543-188-1.
Jump up ^ "The F.A. Cup – Bolton's Victory – Record Crowds". The Times. News International. 30 May 1923. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ask Albert – Number 5". BBC Sport. 19 February 2001. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Merton to be given Dons trophies". BBC Sport. 2 August 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
External links[edit]
The FA Cup Archive at TheFA.com
England FA Challenge Cup Finals at RSSSF.com
hide
v
t
e
FA Cup
Seasons
1871–72
1872–73
1873–74
1874–75
1875–76
1876–77
1877–78
1878–79
1879–80
1880–81
1881–82
1882–83
1883–84
1884–85
1885–86
1886–87
1887–88
1888–89
1889–90
1890–91
1891–92
1892–93
1893–94
1894–95
1895–96
1896–97
1897–98
1898–99
1899–1900
1900–01
1901–02
1902–03
1903–04
1904–05
1905–06
1906–07
1907–08
1908–09
1909–10
1910–11
1911–12
1912–13
1913–14
1914–15
1919–20
1920–21
1921–22
1922–23
1923–24
1924–25
1925–26
1926–27
1927–28
1928–29
1929–30
1930–31
1931–32
1932–33
1933–34
1934–35
1935–36
1936–37
1937–38
1938–39
1945–46
1946–47
1947–48
1948–49
1949–50
1950–51
1951–52
1952–53
1953–54
1954–55
1955–56
1956–57
1957–58
1958–59
1959–60
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
1987–88
1988–89
1989–90
1990–91
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
Qualifying rounds
1888–89
1889–90
1890–91
1891–92
1892–93
1893–94
1894–95
1895–96
1896–97
1897–98
1898–99
1899–1900
1900–01
1901–02
1902–03
1903–04
1904–05
1905–06
1906–07
1907–08
1908–09
1909–10
1910–11
1911–12
1912–13
1913–14
1914–15
1919–20
1920–21
1921–22
1922–23
1923–24
1924–25
1925–26
1926–27
1927–28
1928–29
1929–30
1930–31
1931–32
1932–33
1933–34
1934–35
1935–36
1936–37
1937–38
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Red River of the South
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Red River.
Red River
Red River looking east, north of Bonham, Texas: Texas is to the right, Oklahoma is on the left, and the border between the two states runs along the south (right) bank of the river.
Map of the Red River watershed
Native name
Bah'hatteno[1]
Other name(s)
Rivière Rouge (former French name), Río Colorado (former Spanish name)
Country
United States
States
Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana
Physical characteristics
Main source
Harmon County, Oklahoma
1,535 ft (468 m)
34°34′35″N 99°57′54″W / 34.57639°N 99.96500°W / 34.57639; -99.96500
River mouth
Atchafalaya River
30 ft (9.1 m)
31°01′10″N 91°44′52″W / 31.01944°N 91.74778°W / 31.01944; -91.74778Coordinates: 31°01′10″N 91°44′52″W / 31.01944°N 91.74778°W / 31.01944; -91.74778
Length
1,360 mi (2,190 km)
Discharge
Location:
mouth; max and min at Alexandria, LA
Minimum rate:
1,472 cu ft/s (41.7 m3/s)
Average rate:
57,000 cu ft/s (1,600 m3/s)
Maximum rate:
233,000 cu ft/s (6,600 m3/s)
Basin features
Basin size
65,595 sq mi (169,890 km2)
The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major river in the southern United States of America.[2] The river was named for the red-bed country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name. Although it was once a tributary of the Mississippi River, the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico. It is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure.
The south bank of the Red River formed part of the US–Mexico border from the Adams–Onís Treaty (in force 1821) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains.[3] It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas, and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles (2,190 km), with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m3/s) at the mouth.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Course
1.2 Tributaries
2 Watershed
3 History
3.1 Native Americans
3.2 European-American exploration and settlement
3.3 Great Raft
3.4 Greer County debate
3.5 2015 Louisiana flood
4 Recreation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Geography[edit]
Course[edit]
The Red River rises near the edge of the northwestern dip slope of the Llano Estacado mesa[4] in two forks in northern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. The North Fork Red River meets the southern and largest fork near the Texas–Oklahoma border. The southern fork, which is about 120 miles (190 km) long, is generally called the Prairie Dog Town Fork. It is formed in Randall County, Texas, near the county seat of Canyon, by the confluence of intermittent Palo Duro Creek and Tierra Blanca Creek.
State Highway No. 78 Bridge at the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas, photographed on the Oklahoma side
Crossing the Red River at the Texas–Oklahoma border from I-35
The Red River took a new channel near Natchitoches, Louisiana, and left behind Cane River Lake.
The Red River turns and flows southeast through Palo Duro Canyon in Palo Duro Canyon State Park at an elevation of 3,440 feet (1,050 m),[3] then past Newlin, Texas, to meet the Oklahoma state line. Past that point, it is generally considered the main stem of the Red River. Near Elmer, Oklahoma, the North Fork finally joins, and the river proceeds to follow a winding course east through one of the most arid parts of the Great Plains, receiving the Wichita River as it passes the city of Wichita Falls. Near Denison, the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma, a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam. The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north.
Point bars, abandoned meander loops, oxbow lakes in Lafayette and Miller counties, Arkansas
After the river flows out of the southeastern end of the lake, it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Muddy Boggy Creek before turning southward near Texarkana.
Soon after, the river crosses south into Louisiana. The sister cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed on either bank of the river, as were the downriver cities of Alexandria and Pineville. Where it is joined by the Ouachita River, its largest tributary, the river later broadens into a complex network of marshlands surrounding the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Its waters eventually discharge into the Atchafalaya River[5] and flow eastward or southward into the Gulf of Mexico.
In 1946, the Red River flood spilled over into Pineville because of insufficient levee height and strength. However, the taller and stronger levee held in Alexandria. Willie E. Kees Jr., the newly elected mayor of Pineville, worked to gain support for the Corps of Engineers to increase the height of the levee on the eastern side of the river to equal that in Alexandria.[6]
Tributaries[edit]
Tributaries include the Little Red River, Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, Salt Fork Red River, North Fork Red River, Pease River, Washita River, Kiamichi River, Little Wichita River, Little River, Sulphur River, Loggy Bayou (through Lake Bistineau and Dorcheat Bayou) as well as the Ouachita River (also known as the Black River at that point) not far (at Acme, Louisiana) from the mouth.
Watershed[edit]
The Red River's watershed covers 65,590 square miles (169,900 km2)[3] and is the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains. Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, but also covers parts of Arkansas and Louisiana. Its basin is characterized by flat, fertile agricultural land, with only a few major cities. The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and receives little precipitation. As a result, much of the river above the Texas–Oklahoma border is intermittent, and until the river is past its great bend south in Arkansas, the flow varies widely. Most of the agriculture in the basin is sustained by groundwater, which is recharged with rainfall and riverflow. The lower course of the river flows through a series of marshes and swamps, where its flow is dramatically moderated.
History[edit]
Native Americans[edit]
Native American cultures along the river were diverse, developing specialized adaptations to the many different environments.[3] By the time of European contact, the eastern Piney Woods were dominated by the numerous historic tribes of the Caddoan Confederacy. They found plentiful game and fish, and also had good land for cultivating staple crops.[3] The middle part of the Red River was dominated by Wichita and Tonkawa. This area was prairie, where Native Americans constructed portable and temporary tepees for housing. They practiced limited farming and followed game in seasonal, nomadic hunting cycles.[3] The Plains division of the Lipan Apache dominated the western Red River area until the 18th century, when they were displaced by invading Comanche from the north.[3]
European-American exploration and settlement[edit]
Crossing the Red River near Granite, Oklahoma, 1921.
In 1806, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Red River Expedition to explore parts of the new lands of the Louisiana Purchase by traveling up the Red River. He said it was "in truth, next to the Missouri, the most interesting water of the Mississippi", in a letter to William Dunbar.[7] Having threaded the maze of bayous at the river's confluence, and the "Great Raft" of lodged driftwood, the expedition, was stopped by the Spanish near what is now New Boston, Texas.
In 1806, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, under orders to ascertain the source of the Red River, ascended the Arkansas River, made his way downstream on what turned out to be the Rio Grande, and was sent home by the Spanish authorities. A more successful exploration of the river's upper reaches to both its sources was the 1852 expedition under Capt. Randolph Barnes Marcy, assisted by Brevet Capt. George B. McClellan.[8] The latter was important as a general in the American Civil War.
In April 1815, Captain Henry Miller Shreve was the first person to bring a steamboat, the Enterprise, up the Red River. Fulton and Livingston, who claimed the exclusive right to navigate Louisiana waters by steamboat, sued Shreve in the District Court of New Orleans. The judge ruled that the monopoly claimed by the plaintiffs was illegal. That decision, along with a similar outcome in Gibbons v. Ogden freed navigation on every river, lake or harbor in the United States from interference by monopolies.[9]
When John Quincy Adams became Secretary of State in 1817, one of his highest priorities was to negotiate the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase with Spain. He negotiated with the Spanish Minister to the United States, Luis de Onis, and finally concluded Adams–Onis Treaty, also known as the Treaty of 1819. The treaty defined the south bank of the river as the boundary between the United States and Spain. That boundary continued to be recognized when Mexico gained its independence from Spain, then again when Texas became independent from Mexico. It remained so [9] until the United States Congress consented to the Red River Boundary Compact adopted by the states of Oklahoma and Texas, which set the jurisdictional boundary between Texas and Oklahoma at the vegetation line on the south bank, but left title of adjacent property owners at the south bank.
In Louisiana, the area of present-day Natchitoches Parish was settled by French Creole and mixed-race Louisiana Creole people, starting before 1800. The Cane River National Heritage Area marks this area of influence, with plantations and churches founded by Louisiana Creoles. Some of the sites are designated as destinations on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, designed in the 21st century. For nearly 100 years after the American Civil War, some of the plantations were the center of a large African American and Creole community life, whose people lived and worked in this area for generations.
The area along the lower Red River of Grant Parish, Louisiana, and neighboring parishes were a mixture of hill country and cotton plantations, with white planters and subsistence farmers, and numerous African American slaves working the plantations in the ante bellum years. It was an area of heated social tensions and insurgency during and after the Reconstruction era. Grant was a new parish created by the Reconstruction legislature, which was trying to increase Republican Party representation. In 1873, Grant Parish was the site of the Colfax massacre, caused by the political tension and violence arising from the disputed 1872 gubernatorial election and efforts by local whites to keep white supremacy. White militias, organized from nearby parishes, killed more than 100 freedmen, some of whom had surrendered as prisoners.
In 1874, such militias organized as the White League in Grant Parish, and other chapters were soon founded across the state. The Coushatta Massacre was attributed to the White League, which attacked Republican officeholders to run them out of office. The paramilitary groups intimidated and terrorized freedmen to keep them from the polls, and by the late 1870s, conservative Democrats had retaken political control of the state.
Great Raft[edit]
Main article: Great Raft
Red River, Texas
In the early 19th century, settlers found that much of the river's length in Louisiana was unnavigable because of a collection of fallen trees that formed a "Great Raft" over 160 miles (260 km) long. Captain Henry Miller Shreve began clearing the log jam in 1839. The log jam was not completely cleared until the 1870s, when dynamite became available. The river was thereafter navigable, but north of Natchitoches it was restricted to small craft. Removal of the raft further connected the Red and Atchafalaya rivers, accelerating the development of the Atchafalaya River channel.[5]
In the 20th century, the interest group known as the Red River Valley Association was formed to lobby the United States Congress to make the river fully navigable between Alexandria and Shreveport, Louisiana. Leading supporters of the longstanding project were Louisiana Democratic senators Allen J. Ellender, J. Bennett Johnston and Russell B. Long, the Fourth District Congressman Joe Waggonner, and the late Shreveport Mayor Calhoun Allen. With the completion of the project, a lock system constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers allowed navigation of barge traffic as far north as Shreveport.
Greer County debate[edit]
Specialists debate whether the North Fork or the Prairie Dog Town Fork is the true stem.[3] Because of a cartographic error, the land between the north and south forks was claimed by both the state of Texas and the United States federal government. Randolph B. Marcy's expedition followed the Prairie Dog Town Fork in 1852.[3] Originally called Greer County, Texas, the US Supreme Court ruled that it belonged to the United States, which at the time oversaw the Oklahoma Territory. That territory was later incorporated into the state of Oklahoma, whose southern border now follows the south fork. Today, the southern Prairie Dog Town Fork is considered the main fork, though the North Fork is as long and normally has a greater water flow.[3]
2015 Louisiana flood[edit]
In June 2015, the Red River flooded parts of northeast Texas, southwest Arkansas, and Louisiana, from New Boston, Texas, to just south of Alexandria, Louisiana.[10]
Recreation[edit]
Red River LA 2 Bridge,[11] not the Jimmie Davis Bridge, atop the Red River between Bossier and Caddo parishes near Shreveport
Popular pedestrian walkway along the Red River in Alexandria, Louisiana
In 1943, Denison Dam was built on the Red River to form Lake Texoma, a large reservoir of 89,000 acres (360 km2), some 70 miles (110 km) north of Dallas. Other reservoirs on the river's tributaries serve as flood control.
See also[edit]
List of Arkansas rivers
List of longest main-stem rivers in the United States
List of Louisiana rivers
List of Oklahoma rivers
List of Texas rivers
Great Raft
North Fork Red River
Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River
Red River Bridge War
Red River Campaign, 1864, during the American Civil War, 1861–1865
Adams–Onís Treaty
Red River Shootout, the annual college football game between the University of Texas Longhorns and the University of Oklahoma Sooners.
Little Red River (Texas)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Caddo name. Meredith, Howard. "Caddo (Kadohadacho)." Archived 2010-07-19 at the Wayback Machine. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Retrieved 9 Sept 2012)
Jump up ^ Tyson, Carl N. The Red River in Southwestern History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1981. ISBN 0-8061-1659-5
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Benke, Arthur; Colbert Cushing (2005). River of North America. Academic Press. p. 1144. ISBN 9780120882533.
Jump up ^ John Miller Morris, El Llano Estacado: Exploration and Imagination on the High Plains, 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b Piazza, Bryan P (2014). The Atchafalaya River Basin: History and Ecology of an American Wetland. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-62349-039-3.
Jump up ^ Frederick Marcel Spletstoser (2005). Talk of the Town: The Rise of Alexandria, Louisiana, and the Daily Town Talk. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 125–126. ISBN 0-8071-2934-8. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jefferson to Dunbar, 25 May 1805, quoted in T. Lindsay Baker, ed., The Texas Red River country: the official surveys of the headwaters, 1876, 1998: "Foreword", v, and in D.L. Flores, "The Ecology of the Red River in 1806: Peter Custis and Early " The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 88,.1, (July 1984).
Jump up ^ R.B. Marcy, Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana: in the year 1852... with Reports on the Natural History of the Country, Washington, 1853.
^ Jump up to: a b Harbour, Emma Estill. "A Brief History of the Red River County since 1803. Chronicles of Oklahoma. Vol. 16. No. 1. March 1938. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/with-homes-underwater-in-louisiana-recovery-teams-head-out/ar-BBkYtRO?ocid=mailsignout
Jump up ^ "Bridgehunter.com | Red River of the South". bridgehunter.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Red River of the South.
Randolph Marcy, Exploration of the Red River, 1852, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
Red River from the Handbook of Texas Online
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Red River
Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Red River Compact Commission.
"U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Leaves Texas High And Dry."
Geology
Red River Valley - Engineering Geology Mapping Program PDF files of publications about and maps of the geology of the Red River Valley
Autin, W. J., and C. E. Pearson, 1993, Quaternary Geology and Geoarchaeology of the Lower Red River Valley: Friends of the Pleistocene South Central Cell 11 th Annual Field Conference Alexandria, Louisiana March 26-28, 1993. Friends of the Pleistocene South Central Cell and Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 183 p.
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 247749245
GND: 4267240-5
BNF: cb12011209j (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_River_of_the_South&oldid=828651735"
Categories:
Red River of the South
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Journal of Physics A
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
ISO 4 abbreviation
J. Phys. A
Discipline
Physics
Language
English
Edited by
Martin R Evans
Publication details
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Publication history
1968–1972: Journal of Physics A: General Physics
1973–1974: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical, Nuclear and General
1975–2006: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General
2007–present: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
Frequency
50/year
Open access
Hybrid[1]
License
CC BY 3.0 (open access part)
Impact factor
(2016)
1.857
Indexing
ISSN
1751-8113 (print)
1751-8121 (web)
LCCN
2007252300
CODEN
JPAMB5
OCLC no.
78212172
Links
Journal homepage
The Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. It is part of the Journal of Physics series and covers theoretical physics focusing on sophisticated mathematical and computational techniques. It was established in 1968 from the division of the earlier title, Proceedings of the Physical Society.
The journal is divided into six sections covering: statistical physics; chaotic and complex systems; mathematical physics; quantum mechanics and quantum information theory; classical and quantum field theory; fluid and plasma theory.
The editor in chief is Martin R Evans (University of Edinburgh).
Contents
[hide]
1 Indexing
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Indexing[edit]
The journal is indexed in:
Scopus
Inspec
Chemical Abstracts
GeoRef
INIS Atomindex
Astrophysics Data System
PASCAL
Referativny Zhurnal
Zentralblatt MATH
Science Citation Index and SciSearch
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences
See also[edit]
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Open access information - Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical - IOPscience". iopscience.iop.org. Retrieved 2016-08-29. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical is a hybrid open access journal (…)
External links[edit]
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Physics_A&oldid=785737071"
Categories:
Physics journals
Fluid dynamics journals
Publications established in 1968
IOP Publishing academic journals
English-language journals
Hybrid open access journals
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text:
Halfpenny (British decimal coin)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the pre-decimal halfpenny coin, see Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Halfpenny
United Kingdom
Value
0.005 pound sterling
Mass
1.78 g
Diameter
17.14 mm
Thickness
1 mm
Edge
plain
Composition
bronze
Years of minting
1971–1984
Obverse
Design
Queen Elizabeth II
Designer
Arnold Machin
Design date
1971
Reverse
Design
St Edward's Crown
Designer
Christopher Ironside
Design date
1971
The British decimal halfpenny (½p) coin was introduced in February 1971, at the time of decimalisation, and was worth one two-hundredth of a pound sterling. It was ignored in banking transactions, which were carried out in units of 1p.
The decimal halfpenny had the same value as 1.2 pre-decimal pence, and was introduced to enable the prices of some low-value items to be more accurately translated to the new decimal currency. The possibility of setting prices including an odd half penny also made it more practical to retain the pre-decimal sixpence in circulation (with a value of 2½ new pence) alongside the new decimal coinage.
The halfpenny coin's obverse featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II; the reverse featured an image of St Edward's Crown. It was minted in bronze (like the 1p and 2p coins). It was the smallest decimal coin in both size and value. The size was in proportion to the 1p and 2p coins. It soon became Britain's least favourite coin.[1] The Treasury had continued to argue that the halfpenny was important in the fight against inflation (preventing prices from being rounded up).[1] The coin was demonetised and withdrawn from circulation in December 1984.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Design
2 Mintages
3 Proposed quarter penny coin
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Design[edit]
The reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, was a representation of St Edward's Crown, with the numeral "½" below the crown, and either NEW PENNY (1971–1981) or HALF PENNY (1982–1984) above the crown.
Only one design of obverse was used on the halfpenny coin. The inscription around the portrait on the obverse was ELIZABETH II D.G.REG.F.D. 19xx,[2] where 19xx was the year of minting. Both sides of the coin are encircled by dots, a common feature on coins, known as beading.
As on all decimal coins produced before 1984, the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin appeared on the obverse;[3] in this portrait the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara.
Mintages[edit]
Annual number of coins released into general circulation (excludes proof sets)[4]
1971 ~ 1,394,188,251
1972 ~ In proof sets only
1973 ~ 365,680,000
1974 ~ 365,448,000
1975 ~ 197,600,000
1976 ~ 412,172,000
1977 ~ 66,368,000
1978 ~ 59,532,000
1979 ~ 219,132,000
1980 ~ 202,788,000
1981 ~ 46,748,000
1982 ~ 190,752,000
1983 ~ 7,600,000
1984 ~ In proof sets only
Proposed quarter penny coin[edit]
A decimal quarter-penny coin (to be struck in aluminium) was also proposed (which would have allowed the pre-decimal threepence to continue to circulate with a value of 1.25 new pence), but was never produced.[5]
See also[edit]
Halfpenny (Irish decimal coin)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c 1984: Halfpenny coin to meet its maker, BBC News
Jump up ^ Clayton, Tony. "Decimal Coins of the UK - Bronze". Retrieved 2006-05-24.
Jump up ^ "1p Coin". British Royal Mint. Archived from the original on 2006-04-27. Retrieved 2006-05-23.
Jump up ^ Michael, Michael (2013). Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1901-2000. Krause Publications. p. 990. ISBN 1440229627.
Jump up ^ "The Change to Decimal Coinage", Tony Clayton
External links[edit]
British Halfpenny pictures
CoinWiki - Decimal Half Pennies
Coins from United Kingdom: Half Penny | Online Coin Club
[hide]
v
t
e
British coinage
Decimal
1⁄2p
1p
2p
5p
10p
20p
50p
£1
£2
Pre-decimal
Quarter farthing (1⁄16d)
Third farthing (1⁄12d)
Half farthing (1⁄8d)
Farthing (1⁄4d)
Halfpenny (1⁄2d)
Penny (1d)
Three halfpence (1 1⁄2d)
Twopence (2d)
Threepence (3d)
Fourpence (4d)
Sixpence (6d)
Shilling (1/-)
Florin (2/-)
Half crown (2/6d)
Double florin (4/-)
Crown (5/-)
Quarter guinea (5/3d)
Third guinea (7/-)
Half sovereign (10/-)
Half guinea (10/6d)
Sovereign (£1)
Guinea (£1/1s)
Double sovereign (£2)
Two guineas (£2/2s)
Five pound (£5)
Five guineas (£5/5s)
Non-circulating
Commemorative
25p
£5
£20
£50
£100
Maundy money
Bullion
Britannia
Quarter sovereign
Half sovereign
Sovereign
Lunar
The Queen's Beasts
Landmarks of Britain
See also
Pound sterling
Coins of the pound sterling
Banknotes of the pound sterling
List of British banknotes and coins
List of British currencies
Scottish coinage
Coins of Ireland
List of people on coins of the United Kingdom
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halfpenny_(British_decimal_coin)&oldid=797804174"
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Coins of the United Kingdom
Currency introduced in 1971
Decimalisation
Half-cent coins
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values: Halfpenny (moneta decimale britannica) – Italian

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