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Timeline of The Walt Disney Company
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This is a timeline of The Walt Disney Company, listing notable business events for the organization.
Contents
[hide]
1 1923–1966
2 1967–1983
3 1984–2004
4 2005–present
5 References
1923–1966[edit]
The Walt Disney Company was founded in 1923, and found much success under Walt Disney's leadership through his death in 1966.
Year
Notable Business Events
Notable Theatrical Releases
Notable Theme Park/destination Openings
Other Premieres
1923
Walt Disney signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to produce a series of Alice Comedies, beginning the Disney company under its original name "Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio", with brothers Walt and Roy Disney, as equal partners.[1]
First Alice's comedy, Alice's Wonderland, was released
1926
"Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio" changes name to "The Walt Disney Studio" shortly after moving into the new studio on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district.
1927
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit debuts.
1928
Walt loses the Oswald's series contract.
Walt and Roy come up with Mickey and Minnie Mouse.
Mickey Mouse debuts in Plane Crazy
Steamboat Willie (the first synchronized sound cartoon)
1929
On December 16, "The Walt Disney Studio" is replaced by "Walt Disney Productions, Ltd". Three other companies, "Walt Disney Enterprises", "Disney Film Recording Company", and "Liled Realty and Investment Company", are also formed.
The Skeleton Dance (the first Silly Symphonies cartoon)
1930
Distribution moved to Columbia Pictures
The Mickey Mouse comic strips by Floyd Gottfredson
1931
1932
Distribution moved from Columbia Pictures to United Artists
Flowers and Trees (the first Technicolor cartoon and first animated short to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1932)
Mickey's Revue (which features the premiere of Goofy, originally called "Dippy Dawg")
1933
Three Little Pigs (winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1933)
1934
The Wise Little Hen (which features the premiere of Donald Duck)
The Tortoise and the Hare (Winner of Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 1934)
1936
Distribution moved from United Artists to RKO Radio Pictures.
1937
Walt Disney's first feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
1938
On September 29, "Walt Disney Enterprises", "Disney Film Recording Company", and "Liled Realty and Investment Company" and "Walt Disney Productions, Ltd." are merged to form "Walt Disney Productions".
1940
Studio moves to Burbank, California
Company goes public
Pinocchio
Fantasia
1941
A bitter animators' strike occurs
The studio begins making morale-boosting propaganda films for the United States during World War II
Dumbo
1942
Bambi
Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks
1943
Saludos Amigos
1944
The company is short on money; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films.
1945
The Three Caballeros (The first live action/cartoons Disney film)
1946
Make Mine Music
Song of the South
1947
Fun and Fancy Free
1948
The True-Life Adventures nature film series begins; it lasts until 1960.
Melody Time
Seal Island
1949
The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature, Treasure Island
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
licensed Ice Capades Disney segment[2]
1950
Cinderella
Treasure Island (Disney's first live-action film)
1951
Alice in Wonderland
1952
Uncle Scrooge comics by Carl Barks
1953
"WED Enterprises" is formed to control the rights to "Disney" and hold the Disneyland design team. It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland, including the Disneyland Monorail System and the Disneyland Railroad.
Disney makes the Disneyland programming deal with American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres to fund Disneyland.[3]
Other Disneyland investors were Walt Disney/WED and Western Publishing[4]
Peter Pan
1954
The studio ends its distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures and founds Buena Vista Film Distribution Company, Inc. to distribute its feature films.
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea
Disneyland anthology TV series on ABC (First Disney TV program & Disneyland funding program)
1955
Lady and the Tramp
Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California.
The Mickey Mouse Club (ABC-TV)
Magic Kingdom (ABC Radio)[5]
1957
Old Yeller
Zorro (ABC)
1959
Sleeping Beauty
The Shaggy Dog
Darby O'Gill and the Little People
1960
Pollyanna
Swiss Family Robinson
1961
The studio purchases the film and merchandise rights to A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh books, which are a huge source of revenue (as well as litigation issues) to this day.[6]
One Hundred and One Dalmatians
The Absent-Minded Professor
The Parent Trap
1963
The Sword in the Stone
Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room opens at Disneyland. This is the first attraction to feature audio-animatronics.
1964
Mary Poppins (the first Disney film to receive a Best Picture Academy Award nomination)
1965
Disney News begins publication
1966
September: Walt Disney is diagnosed with lung cancer; died on December 15.
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree[6]
1967–1983[edit]
After Walt Disney's death in 1966, the company began a slow decline with no clear direction, which culminated in an unsuccessful greenmail attempt to buy the company from current shareholders.
Year
Notable Business Events
Notable Theatrical Releases
Notable Theme Park/destination Openings
Other Premieres
1967
Construction begins on Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida; the underlying governmental structure, called the Reedy Creek Improvement District, is signed into law.
The Jungle Book
Pirates of the Caribbean opens at Disneyland
1968
Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day
The Love Bug
1969
The Haunted Mansion opens at Disneyland
1970
The Aristocats
The Mouse Factory
1971
Roy Oliver Disney dies; Donn Tatum becomes chairman and Card Walker becomes president
Eastern Airlines is branded as "The Official Airline of Walt Disney World"
Bedknobs and Broomsticks
The Walt Disney World Resort opens
1972
1973
Robin Hood
Schoolhouse Rock
1974
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too
1975
Escape to Witch Mountain
1976
Freaky Friday
1977
Walt's nephew Roy E. Disney, resigns from the company citing a decline in overall product quality and issues with manager.
The Rescuers
Pete's Dragon
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
1978
Return from Witch Mountain
1979
Don Bluth and 12 fellow animators leave Disney to found their own studio.
The Black Hole (the first PG-rated Disney film, reversing a G-only policy that began with the 1968 introduction of the MPAA ratings system)
1980
1981
Plans for a cable network are announced.
The first Walt Disney's World on Ice show, produced by Feld Entertainment under license by Walt Disney Productions, tours the United States.
The Fox and the Hound
Dumbo is the first animated Disney home video release
1982
The Coca-Cola Company has an unsuccessful buyout attempt for Disney.
Walt's son-in-law Ron W. Miller succeeds Card Walker as CEO.
Tron (Would belatedly be hailed as a bold pioneering work with Computer Generated Imagery)
Experimental Prototype Community Of Tomorrow (EPCOT) Center opens at Walt Disney World Resort
1983
Disney Channel begins, while the anthology series ends.
The live action studio is renamed "Walt Disney Pictures".
Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore
Mickey's Christmas Carol, accompanied by a reissue of The Rescuers.
Tokyo Disneyland opens in Japan
Good Morning, Mickey!
Welcome to Pooh Corner
1984–2004[edit]
Michael Eisner is hired from Paramount to be the new CEO, along with Frank Wells as president. They bring leadership vision and place an emphasis on theme park expansion and improving the quality of film and television work.
Year
Notable Business Events
Notable Theatrical Releases
Notable Theme Park/destination Openings
Other Premieres
1984
The Touchstone Films label is created to produce films aimed towards more mature audiences.
The studio narrowly escapes a buyout attempt by Saul Steinberg. In its aftermath, Roy Edward Disney and his business partner, Stanley Gold, remove Ron W. Miller as CEO and president, replacing him with Michael Eisner and Frank Wells.
The Walt Disney Classics video collection starts up.
Splash (first ever Touchstone film is released on the 9th of March 1984)
Tiger Town
Country
1985
In a reversal of a three-decade studio policy, the studio begins making cartoons for television beginning with Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The Wuzzles.
Touchstone Television (producer of The Golden Girls, Home Improvement and Boy Meets World) is founded
The home video release of Pinocchio becomes a best-seller.
Clarence Nash, the voice of Donald Duck for over 50 years, dies; he is succeeded by Tony Anselmo.
The animation studio is renamed "Walt Disney Feature Animation".
The Black Cauldron (the first PG-rated Disney animated film)
Return to Oz
Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend
The Journey of Natty Gann
My Science Project
Mousercise
Dumbo's Circus
Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears
The Wuzzles
1986
February 2: The anthology series is revived on ABC.
February 6: The company's name is changed from "Walt Disney Productions" to "The Walt Disney Company".
Bankruptcy of Eastern Airlines forces Walt Disney World to re-designate Delta Air Lines as its official airline. Eastern-sponsored "If You Had Wings" in the Magic Kingdom is later revamped and renamed "Delta Dreamflight".
Richard Rich leaves Disney to start his own studio.
The distribution company's name is changed from "Buena Vista Distribution Company" to "Buena Vista Pictures Distribution".
Disney teamed up with Studio Ghibli to distribute anime films internationally.
Down and Out in Beverly Hills (The company's first R-rated film, released under Touchstone Pictures)
The Great Mouse Detective
The Color of Money
Ruthless People
1987
First Disney Store opens in Glendale, California.
The company and the French government sign an agreement for the creation of the first Disney Resort in Europe: the Euro Disney project starts.
The company opens up a Hall of Fame called Disney Legends with Fred MacMurray as the first induction.
Touchstone Films is renamed "Touchstone Pictures".
Ernest Goes to Camp
Good Morning, Vietnam
Three Men and a Baby
DuckTales
Uncle Scrooge and Donald Duck comics by Don Rosa
1988
"Walt Disney Computer Software" founded as a video game division of The Walt Disney Company.
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Oliver & Company
Beaches
Shoot to Kill
Cocktail
The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
Mickey's 60th Birthday
1989
Disney and Jim Henson discuss the possible acquisition of Jim Henson Productions, including The Muppets.
The Little Mermaid
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids
Dead Poets Society
Disorganized Crime
Turner & Hooch
Disney-MGM Studios opens at Walt Disney World.
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers
1990
Jim Henson's death extinguishes the deal to buy his holdings.
The anthology series is canceled for the second time.
The Disney Afternoon television syndication block debuts.
"Hollywood Pictures" is created to produce films aimed towards more mature adult audiences.
Disney Adventures magazine begins publication.
The Rescuers Down Under
Green Card
Pretty Woman
Dick Tracy
Arachnophobia The first film by Hollywood Pictures
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp, first full-length film produced by the Walt Disney Television Animation studio.
TaleSpin
The Muppets at Walt Disney World
1991
December 20: The first Disney Vacation Club Resorts opened at Walt Disney World.
Beauty and the Beast, (the first animated film to ever be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture)
The Rocketeer
Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken
Father of the Bride
White Fang
Darkwing Duck
Dinosaurs
1992
The company is granted permission for a National Hockey League expansion franchise. The team is named the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to coincide with the release of The Mighty Ducks.
Disney Family Fun Magazine Begins Publication.
The Mighty Ducks
Aladdin
Sister Act
Newsies
The Hand that Rocks the Cradle
Euro Disney Resort opens outside Paris.
Goof Troop
Adventures in Wonderland (quality of the theatrical releases)
The Little Mermaid (TV series)
Raw Toonage
1993
Disney acquires independent film distributor Miramax Films.
Winnie-the-Pooh merchandise outsells Mickey Mouse merchandise for the first time.
The Anaheim Mighty Ducks play their first game at the Anaheim Arena, a brand-new arena located just three miles (5 km) east of Disneyland.
Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey
Cool Runnings
Hocus Pocus
The Nightmare Before Christmas
What's Love Got to Do with It
A Far Off Place
Bonkers
Marsupilami
Boy Meets World
Bill Nye the Science Guy
1994
Frank Wells is killed in a helicopter crash.
Beauty and the Beast opens on Broadway.
Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns to co-found his own studio, DreamWorks SKG.
Plans for Disney's America, a historical theme park in Haymarket, Virginia, are abruptly dropped.
Euro Disneyland is renamed Disneyland Paris.
The Classics video line is unofficially cancelled and replaced with the Masterpiece Collection.
Disney News changes its name to Disney Magazine.
The Lion King
The Santa Clause
The Jungle Book (1994)
Angels in the Outfield
Blank Check
Quiz Show
Ed Wood
Aladdin (TV series)
Gargoyles
1995
In October, the company hires Hollywood super agent Michael Ovitz to be president.
On October 1, Disney Channel (UK and Ireland) launches at 6:30pm
DIC Entertainment became part of The Walt Disney Company after the acquirement of Capital Cities/ABC.
Pocahontas
Crimson Tide
Man of the House
A Goofy Movie
Toy Story
The Shnookums and Meat Funny Cartoon Show
Timon & Pumbaa
1996
The company takes on the name of "Disney Enterprises, Inc." and acquires the Capital Cities/ABC group renaming it ABC, Inc., both as subsidiaries under a new parent company named "The Walt Disney Company"
Disney acquires Jumbo Pictures, producer of the Nickelodeon animated series Doug.
To celebrate the pairing, ABC's first Super Soap Weekend is held at Walt Disney World.
Disney makes deal with Tokuma Shoten for dubbing and releasing of Studio Ghibli films in the U.S. In December, Michael Ovitz, president of the company, leaves "by mutual consent".
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
The Rock
James and the Giant Peach
Ransom
101 Dalmatians (1996)
Quack Pack
Mighty Ducks (TV series)
Doug
Flash Forward
Jungle Cubs
1997
September 28: The anthology series is revived for a third time.
The home video division releases its first DVDs.
Disney takes control of the Major League Baseball franchise the California Angels of the American League, renaming the team the Anaheim Angels in order to coincide with Disney's hockey team the Mighty Ducks and to draw more tourism to Anaheim and nearby Disneyland.
The Lion King (musical) opens on Broadway.
Hercules
Flubber
Air Bud
Con Air
George of the Jungle
Recess
101 Dalmatians: The Series
Pepper Ann
Bear in the Big Blue House
1998
Disney and the Hong Kong Government announced a new resort in Hong Kong.
Disney Cruise Line sets sail with its first ship.
Toon Disney begins.
Mulan
Armageddon
A Bug's Life
Mighty Joe Young
The Parent Trap
Disney's Animal Kingdom opens.
Disney Magic launched.
PB&J Otter
Hercules (1998 TV series)
The Famous Jett Jackson
Out of the Box
Rolie Polie Olie
1999
Tarzan
Inspector Gadget
Toy Story 2
Fantasia 2000
The Sixth Sense
The Insider
Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Wonder sets sail.
The Weekenders
Mickey Mouse Works
2000
Robert Iger becomes president.
Disney-owned TV channels including, owned-and-operated ABC stations, are pulled from Time Warner Cable briefly during a dispute over carriage fees.
Disney begins its Gold Classic Collection DVD line.
Disney shuts down Jumbo Pictures, forcing Jim Jinkins and David Campbell to found Cartoon Pizza in 2001.
Disney sold DiC Entertainment to Andy Heyward, the then-CEO of DiC Entertainment.
Dinosaur
Remember the Titans
The Emperor's New Groove
102 Dalmatians
Unbreakable
Even Stevens
Teacher's Pet
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
2001
Disney buys Fox Family Network including Saban Entertainment, owner of entertainment juggernaut Power Rangers, for $3 billion in July, giving Disney programming and cable network reaching 81 million homes.
Disney changes Fox Family Network to ABC Family.
Fort Worth billionaire Sid Bass is forced to sell his Disney holdings due to a margin call caused partially by the stock market fall that followed the 9/11 attacks.
Disney begins its Platinum Edition DVD line with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, as well as the Walt Disney Treasures DVD box set line for the collector's market.
Atlantis: The Lost Empire
Monsters, Inc.
Pearl Harbor
The Princess Diaries
Disney California Adventure Park opens on February 8.
Tokyo DisneySea opens on September 4.
Lizzie McGuire
House of Mouse
The Book of Pooh
Lloyd in Space
The Legend of Tarzan
The Proud Family
Stanley
2002
Miramax acquires the USA rights to the Pokémon movies starting with the fourth movie.
Miramax also acquire the distribution rights of the first three Bionicle movies.
Disney teams up with famous video game company Square (later known as Square Enix) to release their first ever role-playing game with various Disney characters, Kingdom Hearts.
Disney releases Spirited Away in the United States, which goes on to be the first anime film to win an Oscar for Best Animated Film.
Disney begins joint venture business with Sanrio for Sanrio's greeting cards.
Lilo & Stitch
Snow Dogs
The Santa Clause 2
Tuck Everlasting
Reign of Fire
Signs
Walt Disney Studios Park opens.
Teamo Supremo
Kingdom Hearts
Kim Possible
Fillmore!
2003
Roy E. Disney resigns as the chairman of Feature Animation and from the board of directors, citing similar reasons to those that drove him off 26 years earlier. Fellow director Stanley Gold resigns with him. They establish a group called "Save Disney" to apply public pressure to oust Michael Eisner.
Talks to extend distribution agreement with Pixar break down, and Pixar announces plans to seek a new distribution partner.[7]
Disney sells the Angels to billboard magnate Arturo Moreno.
Disney released their first (non-Touchstone/non-Miramax/non-Dimension/non-Hollywood) PG-13 rated film under the regular Walt Disney Pictures label was Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.
Release of Toontown Online
Finding Nemo
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
Brother Bear
Holes
Freaky Friday
That's So Raven
The Even Stevens Movie
The Cheetah Girls
Lilo & Stitch: The Series
JoJo's Circus
Inspector Gadget 2
Bionicle: Mask of Light
Power Rangers Ninja Storm
Digimon Frontier
2004
Comcast makes an unsuccessful and hostile $54.1-billion bid in stock for the company, plus the assumption of $11.9 billion in Disney debt, $66 billion in total.
Eisner is replaced by George J. Mitchell as chairman of the board after a 43% vote of no confidence.
Disney turns down distributing controversial documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11.
On February 17, Disney buys The Muppets, excluding the Sesame Street and Fraggle Rock characters, from The Jim Henson Company for $75 million.
Disney renames oveerseas Fox Kids channel/blocks to Jetix, with it appearing as a children's block on ABC Family and Toon Disney.
Disney Store chain sold and licensed to The Children's Place.
Hidalgo
King Arthur
The Incredibles
The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement
National Treasure
Dave the Barbarian
Phil of the Future
Brandy & Mr. Whiskers
Higglytown Heroes
Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories
Power Rangers Dino Thunder
2005–present[edit]
After becoming CEO, Robert Iger begins to rebuild the Disney brand by redirecting focus on core assets, such as feature animation and the theme parks. One early accomplishment was repairing the Disney-Pixar relationship, resulting in Disney's purchase of Pixar for $7 billion.
Year
Notable Business Events
Notable Theatrical Releases
Notable Theme Park/destination Openings
Other Premieres
2005
Disney signs the Cheetah Girls on as a recording act.
Disney sells the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to Henry Samueli of Broadcom, who changes the team name to Anaheim Ducks.
On July 8, Roy E. Disney rejoins the company as a consultant with the title of Director Emeritus.
Disneyland celebrates its 50th anniversary on July 17.
Bob Iger replaces Eisner as CEO.
Disney Magazine ceases publication.
The Pacifier
Chicken Little
Sky High
Herbie: Fully Loaded
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Hong Kong Disneyland opens.
Power Rangers S.P.D.
American Dragon: Jake Long
The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
Club Penguin
The Buzz on Maggie
Life Is Ruff
Kingdom Hearts II
Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys
Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows
Charlie and Lola
Little Einsteins
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz
2006
Disney's most successful tour The Party's Just Begun tour by The Cheetah Girls brings in USD $43 million. The tour was amongst the top 10 tours of 2006 coming in at number 3.
Disney acquires Pixar Animation Studios.
Disney Cinemagic launched on 16 March 2006 in United Kingdom.
Disney re-acquires the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from NBCUniversal, in exchange for ABC letting commentator Al Michaels work on NBC Sunday Night Football.
The Wild
Cars
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause
High School Musical
The Emperor's New School
Yin Yang Yo!
Power Rangers Mystic Force
Hannah Montana
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse
The Cheetah Girls 2
The Replacements
Handy Manny
Wondertime magazine
2007
Acquires New Horizon Interactive along with Club Penguin.
ABC Radio Networks along with 22 non-Radio Disney and ESPN Radio affiliates are sold to Citadel Broadcasting.
Disney Adventures magazine ceases publication.
The company's flagship animation studio is renamed from Walt Disney Feature Animation to "Walt Disney Animation Studios".
The company begins to drop the Buena Vista brand from its division (e.g. Buena Vista Pictures Distribution is renamed "Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures").
Meet the Robinsons
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
Ratatouille
The Game Plan
Enchanted
National Treasure: Book of Secrets
Cory in the House
Power Rangers Operation Overdrive
Bunnytown
My Friends Tigger & Pooh
Kingdom Hearts: Re:Chain of Memories
Phineas and Ferb
High School Musical 2
Wizards of Waverly Place
Digimon Data Squad
2008
The anthology series is canceled for the third time.
Disney Store chain is reacquired from The Children's Place.
The subscription Disney Family Movies service launches, which uniquely returns uncut classic Disney films and shorts to television viewers among other offerings.[8][9]
Control of The Muppets franchise is transferred from Disney Consumer Products to the Walt Disney Studios.[10]
December 23 – Disney declines the option on the next film in The Chronicles of Narnia series with Walden Media.[11]
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
WALL-E
Beverly Hills Chihuahua
High School Musical 3: Senior Year
Bolt
Bedtime Stories
Camp Rock
Power Rangers Jungle Fury
The Cheetah Girls: One World
Kingdom Hearts coded
The Suite Life on Deck
Imagination Movers
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales
The Little Mermaid opens on Broadway.
2009
Wayne Allwine, who had voiced Mickey Mouse starting with Mickey's Christmas Carol, dies; he is succeeded by Bret Iwan.
Disney XD and DisneyXD.com are launched, replacing Toon Disney and Jetix.[12]
Disney announces the formation of D23, an official fan community.
Walt Disney Studios enters a distribution deal with DreamWorks Pictures, wherein upon DreamWorks' films will be distributed through Touchstone Pictures.
Wondertime magazine ceases publication.
December 16 – Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney dies of stomach cancer.
December 31 – Disney acquires Marvel Entertainment and its properties.[13][14]
Race to Witch Mountain
Hannah Montana: The Movie
Up
Disney's A Christmas Carol
The Princess and the Frog
Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie
Kid vs. Kat
Zeke and Luther
I'm in the Band
Jimmy Two-Shoes
Have a Laugh!
Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days
Princess Protection Program
Power Rangers RPM
Sonny with a Chance
Jonas L.A.
Special Agent Oso
Jungle Junction
Disney twenty-three magazine begins publication.
2010
March 12, 2010 – Disney annonuces the closure of ImageMovers Digital for January 2011.[15]
Disney sells the Power Rangers franchise to Saban Brands for USD $100 million.
Disney lost the rights of Digimon in May 2010.
Disney sells Miramax Films to Filmyard Holdings for $660 million.[16]
Disney Channel ends one of its most successful television series, Hannah Montana.
Alice in Wonderland
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time
Toy Story 3
The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Tangled
Tron: Legacy
Good Luck Charlie
Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil
The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes
Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep
Pair of Kings
Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam
Shake It Up
Take Two with Phineas and Ferb
Kingdom Hearts Re:coded
Epic Mickey
Fish Hooks
The Octonauts
2011
Disney Wonder repositioned to the West Coast.
Disney licenses global theme park rights to the Avatar franchise from James Cameron and Lightstorm Entertainment, and announces the first Avatar-themed project at Animal Kingdom in Walt Disney World.
Playhouse Disney on Disney Channel rebrands as Disney Junior.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
Cars 2
Winnie the Pooh
The Help
Real Steel
The Muppets
War Horse
The Disney Dream ship sets sail.
Jake and the Never Land Pirates
The Suite Life Movie
Lemonade Mouth
Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension
Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas
Minnie's Bow-Toons
Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure
Once Upon a Time
Disney Universe
Geek Charming
Lego Pirates of the Caribbean: The Video Game
Jessie
So Random!
Kinect Disneyland Adventures
Kickin' It
Fort Boyard: Ultimate Challenge
A.N.T. Farm
Austin & Ally
2012
March 23: The anthology series is revived for a fourth time.
Disney Channel ends Wizards of Waverly Place, now beating That's So Raven as the longest running Disney Channel Original Series to date.
Disney Junior launches its own spin-off channel, replacing SoapNet on some providers, but not on all providers.
Rich Ross resigns as Chairman of The Walt Disney Studios, and is replaced by Alan F. Horn.
Disney acquires Lucasfilm from George Lucas, including its Star Wars and Indiana Jones properties for approximately $4.06 billion.[17]
John Carter
Marvel's The Avengers
Brave
Frankenweenie
Wreck-It Ralph
Lincoln
Disney California Adventure is re-dedicated.
The Disney Fantasy ship sets sail
Frenemies
Radio Rebel
Let It Shine
Lab Rats
Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance
Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two
Gravity Falls
Code: 9
Dog With a Blog
Tron: Uprising
Crash & Bernstein
Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja
Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion
Doc McStuffins
Ultimate Spider-Man (TV series)
2013
Disney Cinemagic replaced with Sky Movies Disney at 18:00 on 28 March 2013 in United Kingdom.
Disney Interactive Studios shuts down development studio Junction Point Studios following the disappointing sales of Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two.
Lucasfilm closes its video game division LucasArts.
Frozen became the highest grossing animated feature, passing both The Lion King and Toy Story 3
Oz the Great and Powerful
Iron Man 3
Monsters University
Thor: The Dark World
Frozen
Saving Mr. Banks
Mystic Point opened at Hong Kong Disneyland
Disney Infinity
Sofia the First
Liv and Maddie
Teen Beach Movie
DuckTales: Remastered
Mickey Mouse (2013 TV series)
Henry Hugglemonster
Wander Over Yonder
Avengers Assemble
Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.
Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix
The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex
Mighty Med
2014
Frozen wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 86th Academy Awards, becoming the first win in the category for Walt Disney Animation Studios.
Disney acquired Maker Studios for $500 million.
Muppets Most Wanted
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Maleficent
Guardians of the Galaxy
Big Hero 6
Into the Woods
The 7D
Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix
Fantasia: Music Evolved
Kirby Buckets
Star Wars Rebels
Win, Lose or Draw
Girl Meets World
Sheriff Callie's Wild West
Disney Magical World
Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes
2015
Big Hero 6 wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 87th Academy Awards.
Disney combines its Consumer Products and Interactive Media divisions into one unified segment, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media.
Marvel Studios is reorganized under the Walt Disney Studios.
Cinderella
Tomorrowland
Avengers: Age of Ultron
Inside Out
The Good Dinosaur
Ant-Man
Bridge of Spies
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero
Star vs. the Forces of Evil
K.C. Undercover
Miles From Tomorrowland
Best Friends Whenever
Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything
BUNK'D
Descendants
We Love Disney
Disney Infinity 3.0
Pickle and Peanut
Guardians of the Galaxy
The Muppets
Gravity Falls: Legend of the Gnome Gemulets
The Lion Guard
Star Wars: Battlefront
2016
January 12: ABC Family changes its name to Freeform.
April 14: Construction on a 14-acre Star Wars-themed land begins at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios.
DreamWorks ends its film distribution deal with Disney.
May 10: Disney Interactive Studios exited from publishing its own games in order to focus on third-party development of video game adaptations of its franchises by other developers.
Zootopia
The Jungle Book
Captain America: Civil War
Finding Dory
Doctor Strange
Moana
The BFG
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
Shanghai Disneyland opens on June 16
Stuck in the Middle
Elena of Avalor
Adventures in Babysitting
Lab Rats: Elite Force
Disney Art Academy
Kingdom Hearts χ
Disney Magical World 2
Backstage (2016 TV series)
Bizaardvark
Walk the Prank
Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue
Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens
Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures
Future-Worm!
Milo Murphy's Law
Mech-X4
2017
Zootopia wins the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 89th Academy Awards.
Disney ends its deal with Netflix beginning in 2019.
Disney announces its acquisition of key assets and businesses of 21st Century Fox from Rupert Murdoch.
Beauty and the Beast
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
Cars 3
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
Thor: Ragnarok
Coco
Star Wars: The Last Jedi
Pandora – The World of Avatar opens at Disney's Animal Kingdom
DuckTales
Mickey and the Roadster Racers
Big Hero 6 (TV series)
Tangled: The Series
Puppy Dog Pals
Andi Mack
Cars 3: Driven to Win
Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer
Raven's Home
Star Wars Battlefront II
2018
A Wrinkle in Time
Black Panther
Avengers: Infinity War
Incredibles 2
Toy Story Land will open at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Big City Greens
Muppet Babies
Footnotes
Notable Theatrical Releases are films that were the first to use a particular technology (sound, color, etc.), received major award nominations (Academy Award, Golden Globe, etc.), or are otherwise historically significant to The Walt Disney Company. Not all films released by Disney appear in this list; please see Lists of films released by Disney for a complete company listing.
Theme Park/destination Openings indicate when Disney theme parks open. The opening of attractions and park name changes will not appear in this list.
Other Premieres are the premiere dates for other notable Disney products, such as TV franchises (The Cheetah Girls, Hannah Montana, The Jonas Brothers), consumer products, video games (Kingdom Hearts), or home media premieres that were the first to use a particular technology. Other notability requirements include major award nominations (Emmy Award, Grammy Award), or are otherwise historically significant to The Walt Disney Company. Not all Disney products, TV programs, video games, or home media releases appear in this list.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Company History". Corporate Information. The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
Jump up ^ Korkis, Jim (September 13, 2005). "Wednesdays with Wade: 25 years of "Disney on Ice"". JimHillMedia. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Aberdeen, J. A. (2000). "Disneyland". Hollywood Renegades. Cobblestone Entertainment. ISBN 1-890110-24-8. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Disneyland Tabs $2.29 Per Capita; See Small Net First Yr". Billboard. January 28, 1956. p. 69. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Annual Report 1955" (PDF). University of Penn. American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. pp. 21, 27. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Leonard, Devin; Burke, Doris (January 20, 2003). "The Curse of Pooh". Fortune. Time, Inc. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pixar dumps Disney". CNN. 2004-01-30. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
Jump up ^ New service is the first of its kind in family entertainment Retrieved December 19, 2008
Jump up ^ "Now available On Demand: Disney Family Movies". Cox San Diego. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Brooks (18 September 2008). "Fuzzy Renaissance". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Disney jumps ship on next 'Narnia'". Holywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Disney launches Disney XD network, Web site
Jump up ^ Marvel Shareholders OK Disney Acquisition, Marketwatch, December 31, 2009
Jump up ^ "Disney Completes Marvel Acquisition". Marvel. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Jump up ^ New York Times March 15, 2010
Jump up ^ IGN July 30, 2010
Jump up ^ The Deadline Team (December 21, 2012). "Disney Completes Acquisition Of Lucasfilm". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
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360-degree feedback
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Most often, information solicited in a 360-degree feedback process will include feedback from an employee's subordinates, peers (colleagues), and supervisor(s), as well as a self-evaluation by the employee him or herself. Such feedback can also include, when relevant, feedback from external sources who interact with the employee, such as customers and suppliers or other interested stakeholders. 360-degree feedback, also known as multi-rater feedback, multi source feedback, or multi source assessment, is so named because it solicits feedback regarding an employee's behavior from a variety of points of view (subordinate, lateral, and supervisory). It therefore may be contrasted with "downward feedback" (traditional feedback on work behavior and performance delivered to subordinates by supervisory or management employees only; see traditional performance appraisal), or "upward feedback" delivered to supervisory or management employees by subordinates only.
Organizations have most commonly utilized 360-degree feedback for developmental purposes, providing it to employees to assist them in developing work skills and behaviors. However, organizations are increasingly using 360-degree feedback in performance evaluations and employment decisions (e.g., pay; promotions). When 360-degree feedback is used for performance evaluation purposes, it is sometimes called a "360-degree review".
There is a great deal of debate as to whether 360-degree feedback should be used exclusively for development purposes[1] or for evaluation purposes as well.[2] This is due primarily to feedback providers' subjectivity and motivations, inter-rater variations, and whether feedback providers have the ability to fairly evaluate attainment of work and organizational objectives. While these issues exist when 360-degree feedback is used for development, they are more prominent when employers use them for performance evaluation purposes, as they can unfairly influence employment decisions, and even lead to legal liability.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Issues
3 Accuracy
4 Results
5 References
6 Further reading
History[edit]
The German military first began gathering feedback from multiple sources in order to evaluate performance during World War II.[3] Others also explored the use of multi-rater feedback during this time period via the concept of T-groups.
One of the earliest recorded uses of surveys to gather information about employees occurred in the 1950s at Esso Research and Engineering Company.[4] From there, the idea of 360 degree feedback gained momentum, and by the 1990s most human resources and organizational development professionals understood the concept. The problem was that collecting and collating the feedback demanded a paper-based effort including either complex manual calculations or lengthy delays. The first led to despair on the part of practitioners; the second to a gradual erosion of commitment by recipients.
However, due to the rise of the Internet and the ability to conduct evaluations online with surveys, multi-rater feedback use steadily increased in popularity.[5] Outsourcing of human resources functions also has created a strong market for 360-degree feedback products from consultants. This has led to a proliferation of 360-degree feedback tools on the market.[6]
Today, studies suggest that over one-third of U.S. companies use some type of multi-source feedback.[7] Others claim that this estimate is closer to 90% of all Fortune 500 firms.[8] In recent years, this has become encouraged as Internet-based services have become standard in corporate development, with a growing menu of useful features (e.g., multi languages, comparative reporting, and aggregate reporting).[9] However, issues abound regarding such systems validity and reliability, particularly when used in performance appraisals.
Issues[edit]
Many 360-degree feedback tools are not customized to the needs of the organizations in which they are used.[6] 360-degree feedback is not equally useful in all types of organizations and with all types of jobs. Additionally, using 360-degree feedback tools for appraisal purposes has increasingly come under fire as performance criteria may not be valid and job based, employees may not be adequately trained to evaluate a co-worker's performance, and feedback providers can manipulate these systems.[10] Employee manipulation of feedback ratings has been reported in some companies who have utilized 360-degree feedback for performance evaluation including GE (Welch 2001), IBM (Linman 2011), and Amazon (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015).
The U.S. military has criticized its own use of 360-degree feedback programs in employment decisions because of problems with validity and reliability.[11] Other branches of the U.S. government have questioned 360-degree feedback reviews as well.[12] Still, these organizations continue to use multi-rater feedback in their development processes.
Accuracy[edit]
A study on the patterns of rater accuracy shows that the length of time that a rater has known the individual being evaluated has the most significant effect on the accuracy of a 360-degree review. The study shows that subjects in the group "known for one to three years" are the most accurate, followed by those "known for less than one year," followed by those "known for three to five years" and the least accurate being those "known for more than five years." The study concludes that the most accurate ratings come from those who have known the individual being reviewed long enough to get past the first impression, but not so long that they begin to generalize favorably.[13]
It has been suggested that multi-rater assessments often generate conflicting opinions and that there may be no way to determine whose feedback is accurate.[14] Studies have also indicated that self-ratings are generally significantly higher than the ratings given from others.[15] The motivations and biases of feedback providers must be taken into account.
Results[edit]
Several studies[16] indicate that the use of 360-degree feedback helps to improve employee performance because it helps the evaluated see different perspectives of their performance. In a 5-year study,[17] no improvement in overall rater scores was found between the 1st and 2nd year, but higher scores were noted between 2nd and 3rd and 3rd and 4th years. Reilly et al. (1996) found that performance increased between the 1st and 2nd administrations, and sustained this improvement 2 years later. Additional studies show that 360-degree feedback may be predictive of future performance.[18]
Some authors maintain, however, that there are too many lurking variables related to 360-degree evaluations to reliably generalize their effectiveness.[19] Bracken et al. (2001b) and Bracken and Timmreck (2001) focus on process features that are likely to also have major effects on creating behavior change. Greguras and Robie (1998) tracked how the number of raters used in each particular category (direct report, peer, manager) affects the reliability of the feedback. Their research showed that direct reports are the least reliable and, therefore, more participation is required to produce a reliable result. Multiple pieces of research[20] have demonstrated that the scale of responses can have a major effect on the results, and some response scales are better than others. Goldsmith and Underhill (2001) report the powerful influence of the evaluated individual following up with raters to discuss their results, which cannot be done when feedback is anonymous. Other potentially powerful factors affecting behavior change include how raters are selected, manager approval, instrument quality, rater training and orientation, participant training, supervisor training, coaching, integration with HR systems, and accountability.[21]
Some researchers claim that the use of multi-rater assessment does not improve company performance. One 2001 study found that 360 degree feedback was associated with a 10.6 percent decrease in market value, and concludes that "there is no data showing that [360-degree feedback] actually improves productivity, increases retention, decreases grievances, or is superior to forced ranking and standard performance appraisal systems."[22]
One group of studies proposed four paradoxes that explain why 360 evaluations do not elicit accurate data: (1) the Paradox of Roles, in which an evaluator is conflicted by being both peer and the judge; (2) the Paradox of Group Performance, which admits that the vast majority of work done in a corporate setting is done in groups, not individually; (3) the Measurement Paradox, which shows that qualitative, or in-person techniques are much more effective than mere ratings in facilitating change; and (4) the Paradox of Rewards, which shows that individuals evaluating their peers care more about the rewards associated with finishing the task than the actual content of the evaluation itself.[23]
Additional studies[24] found no correlation between an employee's multi-rater assessment scores and his or her top-down performance appraisal scores (provided by the person's supervisor). They advise that although multi-rater feedback can be effectively used for appraisal, care needs to be taken in its implementation or results will be compromised.[25] This research suggests that 360-degree feedback and performance appraisals get at different outcomes. Therefore, traditional performance appraisals as well as 360-degree feedback should be used in evaluating overall performance.[26]

References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bracken & Rose, 2011; Maylett 2009
Jump up ^ Waldman et al., 1998
Jump up ^ Fleenor & Prince, 1997
Jump up ^ Bracken, Dalton, Jako, McCauley, & Pollman, 1997
Jump up ^ Atkins & Wood, 2002
^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Lauren Keller (January 2004). "The Ratings Game: Retooling 360s for Better Performance". Harvard Management Update.
Jump up ^ Bracken, Timmereck, & Church, 2001a
Jump up ^ Edwards & Ewen, 1996
Jump up ^ Bracken, Summers, & Fleenor, 1998
Jump up ^ Bracken, David R. (September 1994). "Straight Talk about Multirater Feedback". Training & Development.
Jump up ^ Lee, Gregory G. (July–August 2015). "Caution Required: Multirater Feedback in the Army". Military Review.
Jump up ^ Bent, William (September 2015). "Speaking Out: The State Department Needs to Reevaluate Its Use of 360-Degree Reviews". The Foreign Service Journal.
Jump up ^ Eichinger, 2004
Jump up ^ Vinson, 1996
Jump up ^ Lublin, 1994; Yammarino & Atwater, 1993; Nowack, 1992
Jump up ^ Hazucha et al., 1993; London & Wohlers, 1991; Walker & Smither, 1999
Jump up ^ Walker & Smither, 1999
Jump up ^ Maylett & Riboldi, 2007
Jump up ^ Bracken, Timmreck, Fleenor, & Summers, 2001b; Smither, London, & Reilly, 2005.
Jump up ^ Bracken & Paul, 1993; Kaiser & Kaplan, 2006; Caputo & Roch, 2009; English, Rose, & McClellan, 2009
Jump up ^ Bracken et al., 2001b
Jump up ^ Pfau & Kay, 2002
Jump up ^ Peiperl, Maury (January 2001). "Getting 360-Degree Feedback Right". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Maylett, 2005
Jump up ^ Maylett, 2009
Jump up ^ Maylett, Tracy M. (2005). The relationship of multi-rater feedback to traditional performance appraisals (EdD thesis). Pepperdine Univ. Abstract. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
Further reading[edit]
Atkins, P., & Wood, R. (2002). Self-versus others' ratings as predictors of assessment center ratings: Validation evidence for 360-degree feedback programs. Personnel Psychology, 55(4), 871–904.
Bracken, D.W., and Paul, K.B. (1993). The effects of scale type and demographics on upward feedback. Paper presented at the Society for Industrial and Organizational Society Annual Conference, May, San Francisco, CA.
Bracken, D.W., Dalton, M.A., Jako, R.A., McCauley, C.D., & Pollman, V.A. (1997). Should 360-degree feedback be used only for developmental purposes? Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
Bracken, D.W., Summers, L., & Fleenor, J.W. (1998) High tech 360. Training & Development, August.
Bracken, D.W., Timmereck, C.W., & Church, A.H. (2001a). The handbook of multisource feedback. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bracken, D.W., Timmreck, C.W., Fleenor, J.W., & Summers, L. (2001b). 360 degree feedback from another angle.Human Resource Management, 40 (1), 3–20.
Bracken, D.W., and Timmreck, C.W. (2001) Guidelines for multisource feedback when used for decision making. In Bracken, D.W., Timmreck, C.W., and Church, A.H. The Handbook of Multisource Feedback. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bracken, D.W., Rose, D.S. (2011) "When does 360-degree Feedback create behavior change? And How would we know when it does?",
Cannon, M.D., & Witherspoon, R. (2005). Actionable feedback: Unlocking the power of learning and performance improvement. Academy of Management Executive, 19(2): 120-134.
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