text:
Pennsylvania Route 412
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PA Route 412
Route information
Maintained by PennDOT and City of Bethlehem
Length
17.745 mi[1] (28.558 km)
Existed
1928–present
Major junctions
South end
PA 611 in Nockamixon Township
PA 563 in Nockamixon Township
PA 212 in Springfield Township
I-78 in Hellertown
North end
PA 378 in Bethlehem
Location
Counties
Bucks, Northampton
Highway system
Pennsylvania State Route System
Interstate
US
State
Scenic Byways
Legislative
← PA 410 PA 413 →
Pennsylvania Route 412 (PA 412) is a 17.75-mile-long (28.57 km) north–south state route located in Northampton and Bucks counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. Its southern terminus is at PA 611 in the Nockamixon Township community of Harrow. Its northern terminus is at PA 378 in Bethlehem. The route passes through rural areas in northern Bucks County, forming a concurrency with PA 212 in the Springtown area. From there, PA 412 continues into Northampton County and passes through Hellertown before coming to an interchange with Interstate 78 (I-78) and heading into Bethlehem. In Bethlehem, PA 412 passes the former Bethlehem Steel site and runs through the South Side neighborhood.
PA 412 was originally part of the 18th-century Durham Road that ran through Bucks County and north into the Lehigh Valley. The route was first designated by 1927 between PA 212 in Springtown and PA 12 in Bethlehem. PA 412 was extended south to U.S. Route 611 (US 611) in Harrow by 1930. The route was realigned through the South Side of Bethlehem in the 1980s.
Contents
1 Route description
2 History
3 Major intersections
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Route description[edit]
PA 412 northbound past southern terminus at PA 611
PA 412 begins at an intersection with PA 611 in the community of Harrow in Nockamixon Township, Bucks County, heading northwest on two-lane undivided Durham Road. The road passes through farmland with some homes and businesses, coming to an intersection with the northern terminus of PA 563. The route continues through a mix of farmland and woodland with some development, passing through Bucksville and heading to the southwest of Palisades High School. PA 412 enters Springfield Township and becomes an unnamed road, passing through Gallows Hill. The road winds northwest through more rural areas and comes to an intersection with PA 212. At this point, PA 412 turns west to join PA 212 in a concurrency, heading through forests and fields before passing through the residential community of Springtown as Main Street. The road curves southwest and heads back into rural areas as an unnamed road. PA 412 splits from PA 212 by turning west, passing through farmland and woodland.[2][3]
The route enters Lower Saucon Township in Northampton County, becoming Leithsville Road and running through more rural areas. The road turns north at the community of Leithsville and passes through woodland with homes and commercial establishments. PA 412 enters the borough of Hellertown and becomes Main Street, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane that runs past businesses. The route becomes two lanes again and becomes lined with homes with a few businesses as it continues north through Hellertown. The road becomes the border between Hellertown to the west and the city of Bethlehem to the east as it comes to an interchange with I-78. A park and ride lot is located west of the road at this interchange.[2][4]
Past this interchange, PA 412 fully enters Bethlehem and becomes Hellertown Road, passing through commercial areas. The route gains a second northbound lane and passes over the Saucon Creek and under a Lehigh Valley Rail Management railroad line before turning northwest onto East 4th Street. The road passes between the former Bethlehem Steel plant to the north and a railroad yard to the south, curving west and becoming a three-lane road with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes. PA 412 passes over the Lehigh Valley Rail Management line before turning northwest onto four-lane divided Daly Avenue. The route passes between Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem to the north and residential neighborhoods to the south, curving west. PA 412 passes to the south of more of the former Bethlehem Steel site, turning west onto undivided East 3rd Street, with two northbound lanes and one southbound lane. The route passes through commercial areas, narrowing to two lanes and heading through the downtown area of the South Side neighborhood of Bethlehem. PA 412 intersects an access road to the Hill to Hill Bridge, which carries PA 378 over the Lehigh River to the north, at which point PA 412 turns south onto Brodhead Avenue. A short distance later, the route turns southwest onto Broadway and passes through urban areas of homes and businesses. PA 412 reaches its northern terminus at an intersection with PA 378 known as Five Points.[2][4]
History[edit]
The predecessor to PA 412 was the Durham Road, an 18th-century road that linked Bristol with upper Bucks County, where it split into branches serving various communities such as Bethlehem and Easton.[5] When Pennsylvania first legislated its state routes in 1911, what is now PA 412 was not designated as part of a route.[6] PA 412 was first designated by 1927 to run from PA 212 near Springtown north to PA 12 (now PA 378) in Bethlehem. At this time, the entire route was paved except for the southernmost portion.[7] By 1930, PA 412 was extended south to it current terminus at US 611 (now PA 611) in Harrow. By this time, the entire route was paved.[8] PA 412 was realigned in Bethlehem to use Daly Avenue, 3rd Street, Brodhead Avenue and Broadway instead of 4th Street to reach PA 378 in the 1980s.[9] In March 2012, a project began to widen PA 412 between Cherry Lane in Hellertown and Daly Avenue in Bethlehem. This project will expand the road to two southbound lanes and three northbound lanes between I-78 and Shimersville Road and improve the interchange with I-78. The project was finished in 2016.[10]
Major intersections[edit]
County
Location
mi[1]
km
Destinations
Notes
Bucks Nockamixon Township
0.000
0.000 PA 611 (Easton Road) – Easton, Doylestown Southern terminus
0.509
0.819 PA 563 south (Mountain View Drive) – Quakertown, Dublin Northern terminus of PA 563
Springfield Township
6.945
11.177 PA 212 east (Durham Road) – Riegelsville Southern terminus of PA 212 concurrency
8.827
14.206 PA 212 west (Springfield Road) – Quakertown Northern terminus of PA 212 concurrency
Northampton Bethlehem
14.222
22.888 I-78 – Allentown, Easton Exit 67 (I-78)
17.745
28.558 PA 378 (Wyandotte Street) Northern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
Concurrency terminus
See also[edit]
U.S. Roads portal
Pennsylvania portal
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Bureau of Maintenance and Operations (January 2015). Roadway Management System Straight Line Diagrams (Report) (2015 ed.). Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 17, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
Bucks County Archived 2011-02-17 at Wikiwix (PDF)
Northampton County[permanent dead link] (PDF)
^ Jump up to: a b c Google (January 8, 2014). "overview of Pennsylvania Route 412" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bucks County, Pennsylvania Highway Map (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Northampton County, Pennsylvania Highway Map (PDF) (Map). PennDOT. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Souderlund, Jean R. and Catherine S. Parzynski (2008). Backcountry Crucibles: The Lehigh Valley from Settlement to Steel. Associated University Presses. p. 211. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Map of Pennsylvania Showing State Highways (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1911. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Map of New Jersey (Map). Tydol Trails. 1927. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Tourist Map of Pennsylvania (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1930. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pennsylvania Official Transportation Map (back) (PDF) (Map). Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. 1989. Retrieved January 8, 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Northampton Co - Rt 412 Improvements in Hellertown and Bethlehem". WFMZ-TV. Allentown, PA. October 10, 2014. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
External links[edit]
Route map:
KML file (edit • help)
Template:Attached KML/Pennsylvania Route 412
KML is from Wikidata
Media related to Pennsylvania Route 412 at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_Route_412&oldid=860054332"
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Transportation in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Northampton County, Pennsylvania
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A Perfect Man (2013 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A Perfect Man
Directed by
Kees Van Oostrum
Starring
Jeanne Tripplehorn
Liev Schreiber
Distributed by
Double Eagle
Release date
November 9, 2013
Running time
95 min
Country
United States
Language
English
A Perfect Man is a 2013 film directed by Kees Van Oostrum.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Critical reviews
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
A wandering man (Schreiber) has an affair with the wrong woman, leading to a separation.
Cast[edit]
Jeanne Tripplehorn as Nina
Liev Schreiber as James
Joelle Carter as Lynn
Louise Fletcher as Abbie
Renée Soutendijk as Martha
Huub Stapel as Pieter
Katie Carr as Laura
Critical reviews[edit]
The Hollywood Reporter's John DeFore describes the script as deficient.[1]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ DeFore, John (November 27, 2013). "A Perfect Man: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
External links[edit]
A Perfect Man on IMDb
A Perfect Man at Metacritic
A Perfect Man at Rotten Tomatoes
A Perfect Man at AllMovie
A Perfect Man at Box Office Mojo

This 2010s drama film–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
Preservationist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Preservationist is generally understood to mean historic preservationist: one who advocates to preserve architecturally or historically significant buildings, structures, objects or sites from demolition or degradation. Historic preservation usually refers to the preservation of the built environment, not to preservation of, for instance, primeval forests or wilderness.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Other uses of the term
2 Notable historic preservationists
3 Notable conservationists
4 Notable environmentalists
5 See also
6 References
Other uses of the term[edit]
A person who preserves figs, pears, peaches, blackberries, blueberries, plums and apples!
Persons who work to preserve ancient or endangered languages are called language preservationists. [2]
Clarification: Ethnologue, a reference work published by SIL International, has cataloged the world’s known living languages, and it estimates that 417 languages are on the verge of extinction.[3]
Preservationist is also sometimes used in the natural environmentalist field, but while the natural environment conservationist movements preserve ecosystems and the natural environment, this movement is widely known as conservation or environmentalism.
Clarification: A key difference between the Preservationist and Conservationist environmentalist schools is this: Preservationists view the environment as having intrinsic value that should be preserved by making as little change to it as possible. Conservationists view the environment as having instrumental value that can be of help to people,[4] and generally accept Gifford Pinchot's notion of sustainable yield: that man can harvest some forest or animal products from a natural environment on a regular basis without compromising the long-health of the ecosystem.[5]
Preservationism has been defined by Richard Heinberg in his book Powerdown: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World as distinguishing survivalist groups who wish merely to survive a collapse of civilization from preservationist communities who wish to preserve as much of human culture as is possible in the event of collapse.
Clarification: The idea of preservationist communities is part of a broader strategy in which individuals achieve independence from the centralized power grid, forming sustainable communities that could provide mutual support in the event of critical depletion of non-renewable resources.[6]
Notable historic preservationists[edit]
Some of the notable historic preservationists who are or have been advocates for the protection of the built environment include:
Michael Henry Adams (American, Harlem historian, writer, activist)
Simeon Bankoff (American preservationist and activist)
Fred Dibnah (English Steeplejack, Mechanical Engineer and Preservation activist)
Ann Pamela Cunningham (1816–1875) American pioneering activist)
James Marston Fitch (1909–2000) American architect, teacher, activist)
Margot Gayle (1908–2008) American journalist, activist)
Jane Jacobs (1916–2006) American-Canadian writer, activist)
Carolyn Kent (1935–2009) American, Upper Manhattan activist)
Charles, Prince of Wales (British activist)
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1924–1994) American activist, writer)
W. Brown Morton III (American governmental and international historian, writer, activist)
William J. Murtagh( American governmental historian, writer)
Lee H. Nelson (1927–1994) American governmental administrator, writer, teacher)
Charles E. Peterson (1906–2004) American seminal activist)
Halina Rosenthal (1918–1991) American activist, Upper East Side of Manhattan)
George Sheldon (1818–1916) American Senator, farmer, writer)
Arlene Simon (American activist, Upper West Side of Manhattan)
John Ruskin (1819-20-1900) British art critic, watercolorist, social thinker, philanthropist)
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) French architect, theorist)
Walter Muir Whitehill (1908–2008) American author, historian)
Les Beilinson AIA (1946-2013) American architect, preservationist, South Beach Miami)
L. T. C. Rolt (1910-1974) English writer, Biographer, Preservationist)
Notable conservationists[edit]
See List of conservationists
Notable environmentalists[edit]
See List of environmentalists
See also[edit]
Historic preservation
Historic preservation in New York
Language preservation
Conservationist
Environmentalist
Environmentalism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Maryland Association of Historic District Commissions, Handbook (1997).
Jump up ^ "Language Preservation: UNESCO-CI". Retrieved 2007-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Ethnologue: Languages of the World". Retrieved 2007-06-10.
Jump up ^ Charles Earle Funk, What's the Name, Please?, Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.
Jump up ^ W.N. Sparhawk, "The History of Forestry in America" in Trees: Yearbook of Agriculture,1949. Washington,D.C.
Jump up ^ Powerdown: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World (ISBN 9780865715103) (2004; British edition 2005)
[hide]
v
t
e
Conservation-restoration of cultural heritage
Collection care
and management
Collecting
Collection (artwork)
Collections care
Collection catalog
Collections maintenance
Collections management (museum)
Collection Management Policy
Collections Management System
Cultural heritage management
Cultural resources management
Deaccessioning (museum)
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
Display case
Documentation of cultural property
Emergency response (museum)
Exhibition of cultural heritage objects
Found in collection
Inherent vice
Inventory (museum)
Museum integrated pest management
Preservation metadata
Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
Preservation of meaning
Preservation survey
Provenance
Repatriation
Restoration (cultural heritage)
Storage of cultural heritage objects
Expertise
Art handler
Collection manager
Conservator-restorer
Conservation scientist
Conservation technician
Curator
Exhibition designer
Mount maker
Objects conservator
Paintings conservator
Photograph conservator
Preservationist
Registrar (museum)
Textile conservator
Area specialities
Antiques restoration
Archaeological science
Archaeology
Bioarchaeology
Building restoration
Conservation science
Digital photograph restoration
Digital preservation
Database preservation
Film preservation
Frame conservation
Heritage science
Historic preservation
Media preservation
Object conservation
Optical media preservation
Painting conservation
Preservation (library and archival science)
Restoration
Sustainable preservation
Web archiving
Techniques
Aging (artwork)
Anastylosis
Arrested decay
Archaeological sites
Architecture
Ancient Greek pottery
Automobiles
Bone, horn, and antler objects
Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
Ceramic objects
Clocks
Copper-based objects
Feathers
Film
Flags and banners
Frescos
Fur objects
Glass objects
Herbarium
Historic gardens
Human remains
Illuminated manuscripts
Insect specimens
Iron and steel objects
Ivory objects
Judaica
Lacquerware
Leather objects
Lighthouses
Metals
Musical instruments
Neon objects
New media art
Outdoor artworks
Outdoor bronze objects
Outdoor murals
Paintings
Painting frames
Panel paintings
Papyrus
Parchment
Performance art
Photographs
Plastic objects
Shipwreck artifacts
Silver objects
Stained glass
Taxidermy
Textiles
Tibetan thangkas
Time-based media art
Totem poles
Vehicles
Vinyl discs
Woodblock prints
Wooden furniture
Cradling (paintings)
Detachment of wall paintings
Desmet method
Fabric restoration
Historic paint analysis
Imaging of cultural heritage
Inpainting
Kintsugi
Leafcasting
Lining of paintings
Mass deacidification
Mold control and prevention in libraries
Mold prevention
Overpainting
Paper splitting
Radiography of cultural objects
Reconstruction (architecture)
Textile stabilization
Transfer of panel paintings
UVC-based preservation
Notable projects
Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
Conservation-restoration of Ecce Homo by Elías García Martínez
Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper
Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
Conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley
Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preservationist&oldid=787544887"
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Fifth Round
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The fifth round (also known as the Hexagonal or Hex) of CONCACAF matches for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification will be played from 11 November 2016 to 10 October 2017.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
2 Qualified teams
3 Standings
4 Matches
5 Goalscorers
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Format[edit]
A total of six teams which advanced from the fourth round (the three group winners and the three group runners-up) will play against each other home-and-away in a double round-robin format in a single group. The top three teams in the group will qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fourth-placed team will advance to the inter-confederation play-offs.[1] This stage is referred to as the Hexagonal or Hex, and has been used by CONCACAF to determine its World Cup finals entrants since the qualification tournament for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica have all been in this round since it first began.
The draw for the fifth round (to decide the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016, 10:00 EDT (UTC−4), at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States.[3][4][5] As the draw was held before the fourth round was completed, the identities of the fourth round qualifiers were not known at the time of the draw, except for Mexico which were by then already confirmed as winners of Group A.
Qualified teams[edit]
Group
(4th round)
Winners
Runners-up
A
Mexico Honduras
B
Costa Rica Panama
C
United States Trinidad and Tobago
The draw position of each team (to decide the fixtures) is as follows.
Draw
position[5]
Team
1 United States
2 Panama
3 Honduras
4 Costa Rica
5 Mexico
6 Trinidad and Tobago
Standings[edit]
[show]2018 FIFA World Cup qualification tiebreakers
In league format, the ranking of teams in each group is based on the following criteria (regulations Articles 20.6 and 20.7):[6]
Points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss)
Overall goal difference
Overall goals scored
Points in matches between tied teams
Goal difference in matches between tied teams
Goals scored in matches between tied teams
Away goals scored in matches between tied teams (if the tie is only between two teams in home-and-away league format)
Fair play points
first yellow card: minus 1 point
indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points
direct red card: minus 4 points
yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points
Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee
Pos
Team
v
t
e
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Mexico (Q) 8 5 3 0 11 3 +8 18 Qualification to 2018 FIFA World Cup — 2–0 1–0 1–1 3–0 6 Oct
2
Costa Rica (X) 8 4 3 1 12 5 +7 15 1–1 — 0–0 4–0 6 Oct 2–1
3
Panama 8 2 4 2 7 5 +2 10 0–0 10 Oct — 1–1 2–2 3–0
4
United States 8 2 3 3 12 11 +1 9 Advance to inter-confederation play-offs 1–2 0–2 6 Oct — 6–0 2–0
5
Honduras 8 2 3 3 9 16 −7 9 10 Oct 1–1 0–1 1–1 — 3–1
6
Trinidad and Tobago (Z) 8 1 0 7 4 15 −11 3 0–1 0–2 1–0 10 Oct 1–2 —
Updated to match(es) played on 5 September 2017. Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Qualification tiebreakers
(Q) Qualified to the phase indicated; (X) Assured of at least inter-confederation play-offs; (Z) Cannot qualify directly, but can still qualify via play-offs.
Matches[edit]
Honduras v Panama
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)
14:35 UTC−6
Honduras
0–1
Panama
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Escobar 22'
Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula
Attendance: 38,000
Referee: Yadel Martínez (Cuba)
Trinidad and Tobago v Costa Rica
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)
19:05 UTC−4
Trinidad and Tobago
0–2
Costa Rica
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Bolaños 65'
Matarrita 90+2'
Hasely Crawford Stadium, Port of Spain
Attendance: 13,500
Referee: Óscar Moncada (Honduras)
United States v Mexico
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)
20:01 UTC−5
United States
1–2
Mexico
Wood 49' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Layún 20'
Márquez 88'
Mapfre Stadium, Columbus
Attendance: 24,640
Referee: Walter López Castellanos (Guatemala)
Honduras v Trinidad and Tobago
15 November 2016 (2016-11-15)
16:05 UTC−6
Honduras
3–1
Trinidad and Tobago
Quioto 16'
Izaguirre 19'
Hernández 81'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Mitchell 52'
Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula
Attendance: 32,900
Referee: Jair Marrufo (United States)
Costa Rica v United States
15 November 2016 (2016-11-15)
20:05 UTC−6
Costa Rica
4–0
United States
Venegas 44'
Bolaños 69'
Campbell 74', 78'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
Attendance: 35,062
Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Mexico)
Panama v Mexico
15 November 2016 (2016-11-15)
21:05 UTC−5
Panama
0–0
Mexico
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
Attendance: 26,500
Referee: Ricardo Montero (Costa Rica)
Trinidad and Tobago v Panama
24 March 2017 (2017-03-24)
19:00 UTC−4
Trinidad and Tobago
1–0
Panama
Molino 37' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Hasely Crawford Stadium, Port of Spain
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Melvin Matamoros (Honduras)
Mexico v Costa Rica
24 March 2017 (2017-03-24)
19:50 UTC−6
Mexico
2–0
Costa Rica
J. Hernández 8'
Araujo 45'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Attendance: 61,697
Referee: John Pitti (Panama)
United States v Honduras
24 March 2017 (2017-03-24)
19:55 UTC−7
United States
6–0
Honduras
Lletget 5'
Bradley 27'
Dempsey 32', 49', 54'
Pulisic 46'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Avaya Stadium, San Jose
Attendance: 17,729
Referee: Walter López Castellanos (Guatemala)
Honduras v Costa Rica
28 March 2017 (2017-03-28)
15:00 UTC−6
Honduras
1–1
Costa Rica
Lozano 34' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Waston 68'
Estadio Francisco Morazán, San Pedro Sula[note 1]
Attendance: 15,800
Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)
Trinidad and Tobago v Mexico
28 March 2017 (2017-03-28)
19:00 UTC−4
Trinidad and Tobago
0–1
Mexico
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) D. Reyes 58'
Hasely Crawford Stadium, Port of Spain
Attendance: 14,822
Referee: Valdin Legister (Jamaica)
Panama v United States
28 March 2017 (2017-03-28)
21:05 UTC−5
Panama
1–1
United States
Gómez 43' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Dempsey 39'
Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
Attendance: 23,052
Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Mexico)
United States v Trinidad and Tobago
8 June 2017 (2017-06-08)
18:00 UTC−6
United States
2–0
Trinidad and Tobago
Pulisic 52', 62' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Dick's Sporting Goods Park, Commerce City
Attendance: 19,188
Referee: Óscar Moncada (Honduras)
Costa Rica v Panama
8 June 2017 (2017-06-08)
20:00 UTC−6
Costa Rica
0–0
Panama
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
Attendance: 35,040
Referee: Jair Marrufo (United States)
Mexico v Honduras
8 June 2017 (2017-06-08)
21:00 UTC−5
Mexico
3–0
Honduras
Alanís 35'
Lozano 63'
Jiménez 66'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Attendance: 38,565
Referee: Drew Fischer (Canada)
Mexico v United States
11 June 2017 (2017-06-11)[note 2]
19:30 UTC−5
Mexico
1–1
United States
Vela 23' Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Bradley 6'
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Attendance: 71,319
Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)
Panama v Honduras
13 June 2017 (2017-06-13)
20:35 UTC−5
Panama
2–2
Honduras
Pérez 41'
R. Torres 90'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Quioto 5'
Elis 66'
Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
Attendance: 25,900
Referee: Roberto García Orozco (Mexico)
Costa Rica v Trinidad and Tobago
13 June 2017 (2017-06-13)
20:00 UTC−6
Costa Rica
2–1
Trinidad and Tobago
Calvo 1'
Ruiz 44'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF) Molino 35'
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
Attendance: 34,429
Referee: Yadel Martínez (Cuba)
United States v Costa Rica
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)
18:55 UTC−4
United States
0–2
Costa Rica
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Ureña 30', 82'
Red Bull Arena, Harrison
Attendance: 26,500
Referee: John Pitti (Panama)
Trinidad and Tobago v Honduras
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)
20:00 UTC−4
Trinidad and Tobago
1–2
Honduras
J. Jones 67' (pen.)
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
A. López 7'
Elis 16'
Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva
Attendance: 8,000
Referee: Fernando Guerrero (Mexico)
Mexico v Panama
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)
20:30 UTC−5
Mexico
1–0
Panama
Lozano 53'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Attendance: 37,835
Referee: Walter López Castellanos (Guatemala)
Honduras v United States
5 September 2017 (2017-09-05)
15:36 UTC−6
Honduras
1–1
United States
Quioto 27'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Wood 85'
Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula
Attendance: 37,325
Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)
Costa Rica v Mexico
5 September 2017 (2017-09-05)
20:05 UTC−6
Costa Rica
1–1
Mexico
Ureña 83'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Gamboa 42' (o.g.)
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
Attendance: 33,000
Referee: Mark Geiger (United States)
Panama v Trinidad and Tobago
5 September 2017 (2017-09-05)
21:05 UTC−5
Panama
3–0
Trinidad and Tobago
G. Torres 39'
Mitchell 58' (o.g.)
Arroyo 85'
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
Attendance: 19,000
Referee: Henry Bejarano (Costa Rica)
United States v Panama
6 October 2017 (2017-10-06)
19:35 UTC−4
United States
v
Panama
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Orlando City Stadium, Orlando
Mexico v Trinidad and Tobago
6 October 2017 (2017-10-06)
20:30 UTC−5
Mexico
v
Trinidad and Tobago
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Alfonso Lastras, San Luis Potosí
Costa Rica v Honduras
6 October 2017 (2017-10-06)
20:00 UTC−6
Costa Rica
v
Honduras
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
Honduras v Mexico
10 October 2017 (2017-10-10)
18:00 UTC−6
Honduras
v
Mexico
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula
Panama v Costa Rica
10 October 2017 (2017-10-10)
19:00 UTC−5
Panama
v
Costa Rica
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
Trinidad and Tobago v United States
10 October 2017 (2017-10-10)
20:00 UTC−4
Trinidad and Tobago
v
United States
Report (FIFA)
Report (CONCACAF)
Ato Boldon Stadium, Couva
Goalscorers[edit]
There have been 55 goals scored in 24 matches, for an average of 2.29 goals per match.
4 goals
Clint Dempsey
3 goals
Marco Ureña
Romell Quioto
Christian Pulisic
2 goals
Christian Bolaños
Joel Campbell
Alberth Elis
Hirving Lozano
Kevin Molino
Michael Bradley
Bobby Wood
1 goal
Francisco Calvo
Rónald Matarrita
Bryan Ruiz
Johan Venegas
Kendall Waston
Eddie Hernández
Emilio Izaguirre
Alexander López
Anthony Lozano
Oswaldo Alanís
Néstor Araujo
Javier Hernández
Raúl Jiménez
Miguel Layún
Rafael Márquez
Diego Reyes
Carlos Vela
Abdiel Arroyo
Fidel Escobar
Gabriel Gómez
Blas Pérez
Gabriel Torres
Román Torres
Joevin Jones
Carlyle Mitchell
Sebastian Lletget
1 own goal
Cristian Gamboa (playing against Mexico)
Carlyle Mitchell (playing against Panama)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Honduras were sanctioned by FIFA to play one home match (against Costa Rica on 28 March 2017) away from Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano, San Pedro Sula due to several incidents during their home match against Panama.[7]
Jump up ^ The Mexico v United States match was brought forward from 13 June 2017 due to Mexico's participation in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "CONCACAF to Hold Preliminary FIFA World Cup Qualifying Draw in Miami on January 15". CONCACAF. 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "USMNT to start 2018 World Cup qualifying in November of 2015". Sports Illustrated. 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Official Draw Scheduled for the Final Round of CONCACAF Qualifying for FIFA World Cup Russia 2018". CONCACAF.com. 1 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Draw: CONCACAF Qualifying for FIFA World Cup Russia 2018". CONCACAF.com. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mexico to open Hex on the road". FIFA.com. 8 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Regulations – 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" (PDF). FIFA.com.
Jump up ^ "Several member associations sanctioned for incidents during FIFA World Cup qualifiers and friendlies". FIFA.com. 19 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Match-ups Confirmed for Final Round of CONCACAF Qualifying for FIFA World Cup Russia 2018". CONCACAF.com. 7 September 2016.
External links[edit]
Official FIFA World Cup website
Qualifiers – North, Central America and Caribbean: Round 5, FIFA.com
World Cup Qualifying – Men, CONCACAF.com
[show]
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2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
AFC
First Round
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CAF
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CONCACAF
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CONMEBOL
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OFC
First Round
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UEFA
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SAS (software)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the software suite. For other uses, see SAS (disambiguation).
SAS
SAS 9 on Microsoft Windows
Developer(s)
SAS Institute
Initial release
1976; 41 years ago (1976)
Stable release
9.4 / July 10, 2013; 4 years ago (2013-07-10)
Written in
C
Operating system
Windows, IBM mainframe, Unix/Linux, OpenVMS Alpha
Type
Numerical analysis
License
Proprietary
Website
www.sas.com
SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System"[1]) is a software suite developed by SAS Institute for advanced analytics, multivariate analyses, business intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics.
SAS was developed at North Carolina State University from 1966 until 1976, when SAS Institute was incorporated. SAS was further developed in the 1980s and 1990s with the addition of new statistical procedures, additional components and the introduction of JMP. A point-and-click interface was added in version 9 in 2004. A social media analytics product was added in 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Technical overview and terminology
2 History
2.1 Origins
2.2 Development
2.3 Recent history
3 Software products
3.1 Comparison to other products
4 Adoption
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Technical overview and terminology[edit]
SAS is a software suite that can mine, alter, manage and retrieve data from a variety of sources and perform statistical analysis on it.[2] SAS provides a graphical point-and-click user interface for non-technical users and more advanced options through the SAS language.[2] In order to use Statistical Analysis System, data should be in a spreadsheet table format or SAS format. SAS programs have a DATA step, which retrieves and manipulates data, usually creating a SAS data set, and a PROC step, which analyzes the data.[3]
Each step consists of a series of statements.[4] The DATA step has executable statements that result in the software taking an action, and declarative statements that provide instructions to read a data set or alter the data's appearance.[3] The DATA step has two phases, compilation and execution. In the compilation phase, declarative statements are processed and syntax errors are identified. Afterwards, the execution phase processes each executable statement sequentially.[5] Data sets are organized into tables with rows called "observations" and columns called "variables". Additionally, each piece of data has a descriptor and a value.[3][6]
The PROC step consists of PROC statements that call upon named procedures. Procedures perform analysis and reporting on data sets to produce statistics, analyses and graphics. There are more than 300 procedures and each one contains a substantial body of programming and statistical work.[3] PROC statements can also display results, sort data or perform other operations.[4] SAS Macros are pieces of code or variables that are coded once and referenced to perform repetitive tasks.[7]
SAS data can be published in HTML, PDF, Excel and other formats using the Output Delivery System, which was first introduced in 2007.[8] The SAS Enterprise Guide is SAS' point-and-click interface. It generates code to manipulate data or perform analysis automatically and does not require SAS programming experience to use.[9]
The SAS software suite has more than 200[10] components[11][12] Some of the SAS components include:[2][11][13]
Base SAS – Basic procedures and data management
SAS/STAT – Statistical analysis
SAS/GRAPH – Graphics and presentation
SAS/OR – Operations research
SAS/ETS – Econometrics and Time Series Analysis
SAS/IML – Interactive matrix language
SAS/AF – Applications facility
SAS/QC – Quality control
SAS/INSIGHT – Data mining
SAS/PH – Clinical trial analysis
Enterprise Miner – data mining
Enterprise Guide - GUI based code editor & project manager
SAS EBI - Suite of Business Intelligence Applications
SAS Grid Manager - Manager of SAS grid computing environment
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
The development of SAS began in 1966 after North Carolina State University re-hired Anthony Barr[14] to program his analysis of variance and regression software so that it would run on IBM System/360 computers.[15] The project was funded by the National Institute of Health[16] and was originally intended to analyze agricultural data[11][17] to improve crop yields.[18] Barr was joined by student James Goodnight, who developed the software's statistical routines, and the two became project-leaders.[14][15][19] In 1968, Barr and Goodnight integrated new multiple regression and analysis of variance routines.[20][21] In 1972, after issuing the first release of SAS, the project lost its funding.[16] According to Goodnight, this was because NIH only wanted to fund projects with medical applications.[22] Goodnight continued teaching at the university for a salary of $1 and access to mainframe computers for use with the project,[16] until it was funded by the University Statisticians of the Southern Experiment Stations the following year.[15][22] John Sall joined the project in 1973 and contributed to the software's econometrics, time series, and matrix algebra. Another early participant, Caroll G. Perkins, contributed to SAS' early programming. Jolayne W. Service and Jane T. Helwig created SAS' first documentation.[20]
The first versions of SAS were named after the year in which they were released.[23] In 1971, SAS 71 was published as a limited release.[2][24] It was used only on IBM mainframes and had the main elements of SAS programming, such as the DATA step and the most common procedures in the PROC step.[23] The following year a full version was released as SAS 72, which introduced the MERGE statement and added features for handling missing data or combining data sets.[25] In 1976, Barr, Goodnight, Sall, and Helwig removed the project from North Carolina State and incorporated it into SAS Institute, Inc.[26]
Development[edit]
SAS was re-designed in SAS 76 with an open architecture that allowed for compilers and procedures. The INPUT and INFILE statements were improved so they could read most data formats used by IBM mainframes. Generating reports was also added through the PUT and FILE statements. The ability to analyze general linear models was also added[27] as was the FORMAT procedure, which allowed developers to customize the appearance of data.[23] In 1979, SAS 79 added support for the CMS operating system and introduced the DATASETS procedure. Three years later, SAS 82 introduced an early macro language and the APPEND procedure.[23]
SAS version 4 had limited features, but made SAS more accessible. Version 5 introduced a complete macro language, array subscripts, and a full-screen interactive user interface called Display Manager.[23] In 1985, SAS was rewritten in the C programming language. This allowed for the SAS' Multivendor Architecture that allows the software to run on UNIX, MS-DOS, and Windows. It was previously written in PL/I, Fortran, and assembly language.[19][23]
In the 1980s and 1990s, SAS released a number of components to complement Base SAS. SAS/GRAPH, which produces graphics, was released in 1980, as well as the SAS/ETS component, which supports econometric and time series analysis. A component intended for pharmaceutical users, SAS/PH-Clinical, was released in the 1990s. The Food and Drug Administration standardized on SAS/PH-Clinical for new drug applications in 2002.[19] Vertical products like SAS Financial Management and SAS Human Capital Management (then called CFO Vision and HR Vision respectively) were also introduced.[28] JMP was developed by SAS co-founder John Sall and a team of developers to take advantage of the graphical user interface introduced in the 1984 Apple Macintosh[29] and shipped for the first time in 1989.[29] Updated versions of JMP were released continuously after 2002 with the most recent release being from 2016.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
SAS version 6 was used throughout the 1990s and was available on a wider range of operating systems, including Macintosh, OS/2, Silicon Graphics, and Primos. SAS introduced new features through dot-releases. From 6.06 to 6.09, a user interface based on the windows paradigm was introduced and support for SQL [37] was added.[23] Version 7 introduced the Output Delivery System (ODS) and an improved text editor. ODS was improved upon in successive releases. For example, more output options were added in version 8. The number of operating systems that were supported was reduced to UNIX, Windows and z/OS, and Linux was added.[23][38] SAS version 8 and SAS Enterprise Miner were released in 1999.[19]
Recent history[edit]
In 2002, the Text Miner software was introduced. Text Miner analyzes text data like emails for patterns in Business Intelligence applications.[39] In 2004, SAS Version 9.0 was released, which was dubbed "Project Mercury" and was designed to make SAS accessible to a broader range of business users.[40][41] Version 9.0 added custom user interfaces based on the user's role and established the point-and-click user interface of SAS Enterprise Guide as the software's primary graphical user interface (GUI).[40] The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) features were improved in 2004 with SAS Interaction Management.[42] In 2008 SAS announced Project Unity, designed to integrate data quality, data integration and master data management.[43]
SAS sued World Programming, the developers of a competing implementation, World Programming System, alleging that they had infringed SAS's copyright in part by implementing the same functionality. This case was referred from the United Kingdom's High Court of Justice to the European Court of Justice on 11 August 2010.[44] In May 2012, the European Court of Justice ruled in favor of World Programming, finding that "the functionality of a computer program and the programming language cannot be protected by copyright."[45]
A free version was introduced for students in 2010.[46] SAS Social Media Analytics, a tool for social media monitoring, engagement and sentiment analysis, was also released that year.[47][48] SAS Rapid Predictive Modeler (RPM), which creates basic analytical models using Microsoft Excel, was introduced that same year.[48][49] JMP 9 in 2010 added a new interface for using the R programming language from JMP and an add-in for Excel.[50][51] The following year, a High Performance Computing appliance was made available in a partnership with Teradata and EMC Greenplum.[52][53] In 2011, the company released Enterprise Miner 7.1.[54] The company introduced 27 data management products from October 2013 to October 2014 and updates to 160 others.[55] At the 2015 SAS Global Forum, it announced several new products that were specialized for different industries, as well as new training software.[56]
Software products[edit]
As of 2011 SAS's largest set of products is its line for customer intelligence. Numerous SAS modules for web, social media and marketing analytics may be used to profile customers and prospects, predict their behaviors and manage and optimize communications.[36][57] SAS also provides the SAS Fraud Framework. The framework's primary functionality is to monitor transactions across different applications, networks and partners and use analytics to identify anomalies that are indicative of fraud.[58][59][60][61] SAS Enterprise GRC (Governance, Risk and Compliance) provides risk modeling, scenario analysis and other functions[62][63] in order to manage and visualize risk, compliance and corporate policies.[64] There is also a SAS Enterprise Risk Management product-set designed primarily for banks and financial services organizations.[65]
SAS' products for monitoring and managing the operations of IT systems are collectively referred to as SAS IT Management Solutions.[66] SAS collects data from various IT assets on performance and utilization, then creates reports and analyses.[67] SAS' Performance Management products consolidate and provide graphical displays for key performance indicators (KPIs) at the employee, department and organizational level.[68][69] The SAS Supply Chain Intelligence product suite is offered for supply chain needs, such as forecasting product demand, managing distribution and inventory and optimizing pricing.[70] There is also a "SAS for Sustainability Management" set of software to forecast environmental, social and economic effects and identify causal relationships between operations and an impact on the environmental or ecosystem.[71]
SAS has product sets for specific industries, such as government, retail, telecommunications and aerospace and for marketing optimization or high-performance computing.[72]
Comparison to other products[edit]
See also: Comparison of statistical packages
In a 2005 article for the Journal of Marriage and Family comparing statistical packages from SAS and its competitors Stata and SPSS, Alan C. Acock wrote that SAS programs provide "extraordinary range of data analysis and data management tasks," but were difficult to use and learn.[73] SPSS and Stata, meanwhile, were both easier to learn (with better documentation) but had less capable analytic abilities, though these could be expanded with paid (in SPSS) or free (in Stata) add-ons. Acock concluded that SAS was best for power users, while occasional users would benefit most from SPSS and Stata.[73] A comparison by the University of California, Los Angeles, gave similar results.[74]
Competitors such as Revolution Analytics and Alpine Data Labs advertise their products as considerably cheaper than SAS'. In a 2011 comparison, Doug Henschen of InformationWeek found that start-up fees for the three are similar, though he admitted that the starting fees were not necessarily the best basis for comparison.[75] SAS' business model is not weighted as heavily on initial fees for its programs, instead focusing on revenue from annual subscription fees.[76][77]
Adoption[edit]
According to IDC, SAS is the largest market-share holder in "advanced analytics" with 35.4 percent of the market as of 2013.[78] It is the fifth largest market-share holder for business intelligence (BI) software with a 6.9% share[79] and the largest independent vendor. It competes in the BI market against conglomerates, such as SAP BusinessObjects, IBM Cognos, SPSS Modeler, Oracle Hyperion, and Microsoft BI.[80] SAS has been named in the Gartner Leader's Quadrant for Data Integration Tool and for Business Intelligence and Analytical Platforms.[81] A study published in 2011 in BMC Health Services Research found that SAS was used in 42.6 percent of data analyses in health service research, based on a sample of 1,139 articles drawn from three journals.[82]
See also[edit]
Comparison of numerical analysis software
Comparison of OLAP Servers
JMP (statistical software), also from SAS Institute Inc.
SAS language
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "Encyclopedia of Research Design Encyclopedia of research design". 2010. ISBN 9781412961271. doi:10.4135/9781412961288.
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Jump up ^ "Compare Packages". University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
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Jump up ^ Ranii, David (January 20, 2012). "SAS' revenue up 12% in 2011". The News & Observer,. Raleigh, North Carolina. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Just How Big Is the Big Data Market?". ClickZ. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Vesset, Dan; David Schubmehl; Brian McDonough; Mary Wardley (June 2013). "Worldwide Business Analytics Software 2013–2017 Forecast and 2012 Vendor Shares". IDC. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pendse, Nigel (March 7, 2008). "Consolidations in the BI industry". The OLAP Report.
Jump up ^ Schlegel, Kurt; Rita Sallam; Daniel Yuen; Joao Tapadinhas (February 5, 2013). "Magic Quadrant for Business Intelligence and Analytics Platforms". Gartner. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Dembe, A. E.; Partridge, J. S.; Geist, L. C. (2011). "Statistical software applications used in health services research: Analysis of published studies in the U.S". BMC Health Services Research. 11: 252. PMC 3205033  . PMID 21977990. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-252.
Further reading[edit]
Greenberg, Bernard G.; Cox, Gertrude M.; Mason, David D.; Grizzle, James E.; Johnson, Norman L.; Jones, Lyle V.; Monroe, John; Simmons, Gordon D., Jr. (1978). Nourse, E. Shepley, ed. "Statistical Training and Research: The University of North Carolina System". International Statistical Review. 46 (2): 171–207. doi:10.2307/1402812
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: SAS (software)
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: SAS
SAS homepage
A Glossary of SAS terminology
The SAS customer community Wiki
Wikiversity:Data Analysis using the SAS Language
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values: স্যাস (সফটওয়্যার) – Bangla

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