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The Vietnam War (TV series)
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The Vietnam War
Genre
Documentary
Written by
Geoffrey C. Ward
Directed by
Ken Burns and Lynn Novick
Narrated by
Peter Coyote
Composer(s)
Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
10
Production
Cinematography
Buddy Squires
Editor(s)
Tricia Reidy
Paul Barnes
Erik Ewers
Craig Mellish
Running time
1035 mins (17¼ hours)
Distributor
Public Broadcasting Service
Release
Original network
Public Broadcasting Service
Original release
September 17, 2017
External links
Website
www.pbs.org/kenburns/the-vietnam-war/home
Play media
Conversation with Ken Burns about the series. Video by the LBJ Library
The Vietnam War is a 10-part, 17-and-a-quarter-hour American television documentary series about the Vietnam War written by Geoffrey C. Ward and directed by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick.[1][2][3] The first episode premiered on PBS on September 17, 2017. The script is by Geoffrey Ward, and the series is narrated by Peter Coyote.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Episodes
3 Interviewees
4 Home media
5 Book
6 Reception
6.1 Critical reception
7 Soundtrack
7.1 Episode overview
7.2 Original score album
7.3 Soundtrack album
8 References
Production[edit]
The series cost around $30 million and took more than 10 years to make.[4] It was produced by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, who had previously collaborated on The War (2007), Baseball: The Tenth Inning (2010), and Prohibition (2011). The production companies were WETA-TV in Washington, D.C., and Burns' Florentine Films.
The series features interviews with 79 witnesses, including many Americans who fought in the war or opposed it, as well as Vietnamese combatants and civilians from both the North and the South.[5] Burns deliberately avoided "historians or other expert talking heads" and "onscreen interviews with polarizing boldfaced names like John Kerry, John McCain, Henry Kissinger and Jane Fonda." Instead, interviews were intended to provide a ground-up view of the War from the perspective of everyday people who lived through it.[4] The third episode features an interview with retired UPI reporter Joseph L. Galloway, who was awarded a Bronze Star with "V" device for assisting with the wounded in the Battle of Ia Drang.[6] Others interviewed include Vincent Okamoto, and Tim O'Brien, author of The Things They Carried, a popular collection of linked short stories about the war.
The researchers for the film also accessed more than 24,000 photographs and examined 1,500 hours of archival footage.[4] Within the series' 17-and-a-quarter-hours, there are scenes covering 25 battles, ten of which are detailed scenes documenting and describing the action from multiple perspectives.[7]
Episodes[edit]
No.
Episode
Original air date
1
"Déjà Vu" (1858 – 1961) 90 minutes September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
After a century of French occupation, Vietnam emerges independent but divided into North and South.
2
"Riding the Tiger" (1961 – 1963) 90 minutes September 18, 2017 (2017-09-18)
As a communist insurgency gains strength, President Kennedy wrestles with American involvement in South Vietnam.
3
"The River Styx (PBS), or Hell Come To Earth (BBC)" (January 1964 – December 1965) 2 hours September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
With South Vietnam near collapse, President Johnson begins bombing the North and sends US troops to the South.
4
"Doubt" (January 1966 – June 1967) 2 hours September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20)
US soldiers discover Vietnam is unlike their fathers’ war, while the antiwar movement grows.
5
"This Is What We Do" (July 1967 – December 1967) 90 minutes September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
Johnson escalates the war while promising the American public that victory is in sight.
6
"Things Fall Apart" (January 1968 – July 1968) 90 minutes September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
Shaken by the Tet Offensive, assassinations and unrest, America seems to be coming apart.
7
"The Veneer of Civilization (PBS), or Chasing Ghosts (BBC)" (June 1968 – May 1969) 2 hours September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
After chaos roils the Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon, promising peace, narrowly wins the presidency.
8
"The History of the World (PBS), or A Sea of Fire (BBC)" (April 1969 – May 1970) 2 hours September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
Nixon withdraws US troops but when he sends forces into Cambodia the antiwar movement reignites.
9
"A Disrespectful Loyalty (PBS), or Fratricide (BBC)" (May 1970 – March 1973) 2 hours September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
South Vietnam fights on its own as Nixon and Kissinger find a way out for America. American POWs return.
10
"The Weight of Memory" (March 1973 – Onward) 2 hours September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
Saigon falls and the war ends. Americans and Vietnamese from all sides search for reconciliation.
Interviewees[edit]
Everett Alvarez, American navy pilot and POW from 1964 to 1973
Nguyen Nguyet Anh, North Vietnamese Army truck driver
Nancy Biberman, American anti-war activist
Anne Harrison Bowman, American military family member
Philip Brady, American military and NBC News correspondent
Nguyen Thoi Bung, National Liberation Front officer
Philip Caputo, Marine second lieutenant and journalist
Rion Causey, 101st Airborne Division medic
Tran Ngoc Chau, ARVN colonel and province chief of Kien Hoa, among other high-ranking roles
Le Van Cho, North Vietnamese Army
Max Cleland, First Cavalry officer
Le Quan Cong, Veteran of anti-French guerilla campaigns and National Liberation Front
Carol Crocker, Military family member
Jean-Marie Crocker, Military family member
Cao Xuan Dai, North Vietnamese Army
Bui Diem, South Vietnamese ambassador to the U.S., among other high-ranking roles
Huy Duc, Journalist
Bill Ehrhart, Marine
Duong Van Mai Elliot, Viet Cong researcher
Ron Ferrizzi, 1st Cavalry Division Helicopter Crew Chief
Joan Furey, Staff nurse at the 71st Evacuation Hospital in Pleiku
Joseph Galloway, Reporter for UPI
Robert Gard, Military aide to Robert McNamara, retired four-star general
Leslie Gelb, Defense Department analyst
James Gillam, Army sergeant
Phil Gioia, Army officer
Donald Gregg, CIA
Roger Harris, Marine in I Corps
Matt Harrison, U.S. Military
Victoria Harrison, Military family member
Mike Heaney, Platoon leader in the 1st Cavalry (Airmobile) Division
Stuart Herrington, Army intelligence officer
Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nation Liberation Front
Jan Howard, Country singer and military family member
Le Cong Huan, Viet Minh and National Liberation Front officer
Tran Ngoc "Harry" Hue, ARVN lieutenant colonel
Samuel Hynes, WWII veteran, Swarthmore College and Northwestern University English professor during the war
Le Minh Khue, Ho Chi Minh Trail repair worker, North Vietnamese Army journalist
Hal Kushner, Army flight surgeon, POW
Ho Huu Lan, North Vietnamese Army officer
John Laurence, CBS News correspondent
Pham Luc, Propaganda poster painter
Karl Marlantes, Third Marine Division
Craig McNamara, anti-war demonstrator, son of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
Merrill McPeak, Fighter pilot, Air Force Chief of Staff
John Musgrave, Third Marine Division
John Negroponte, foreign service officer in Vietnam, aide to Henry Kissinger during peace talks
Nguyen Ngoc, Viet Minh, military journalist, and political officer in the North Vietnamese Army
Dong Si Nguyen, North Vietnamese Army commander charged with maintaining the Ho Chi Minh trail
Bao Ninh, North Vietnamese Army, author
Tim O'Brien, infantryman, author
Vincent Okamoto, 25th Infantry Division officer
Eva Jefferson Paterson, anti-war activist
Rufus Phillips, Army officer, CIA officer, USAID official and State Department consultant
Juan Ramirez, Marine
Robert Rheault, Special Forces
James Scanlon, South Vietnamese Army advisor
Neil Sheehan, reporter
Wayne Smith, combat medic
Frank Snepp, CIA analyst and interrogator
Nguyen Thanh Son, 174th NVA Regiment
Lewis Sorley, Tank battalion executive officer
Nguyen Tai, North Vietnamese spy, counterespionage officer in Saigon
Lo Chac Tam, North Vietnamese Army leader
Pham Duy Tat, ARVN army general
Tran Cong Thang, North Vietnamese Army combat engineer
Lam Quang Thi, ARVN lieutenant general
Tran Ngoc Toan, South Vietnamese marines
Jack Todd, Army deserter
Nguyen Van Tong, National Liberation Front 9th Division officer
Phan Quang Tue, Worker in the Office of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Saigon
Nguyen Thanh Tung, Viet Minh and National Liberation Front
Nick Ut, Associated Press photographer
Juan Valdez, Marine
Thomas J. Vallely, Marine corporal, founder of the Vietnam Program at the Harvard Kennedy School
George Wickes, Office of Strategic Services
James Willbanks, ARVN advisor, career officer
Samuel V. Wilson, General, headed of the USAID pacification program
Bill Zimmerman, Anti-war activist
Photographs and additional details about the interviewees can be seen on the PBS website.
Home media[edit]
The Vietnam War was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 19, 2017. Extras include a 45-minute preview program, two segments on the lives of two of the series' participants, and deleted scenes.[8] The series is also available for digital download.
Book[edit]
Accompanying the series is a 640-page companion book, The Vietnam War: An Intimate History by Geoffrey Ward and Ken Burns. Containing an introduction by Burns and Novick, it was published by Burns’ long-time publisher, Alfred A. Knopf,[8] and released on September 5, 2017.[9]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the series an approval rating of 97% based on 30 reviews and a weighted average score of 9.5/10. The site's critical consensus states, "The Vietnam War revisits a dark chapter in American history with patience, grace, and a refreshing -- and sobering -- perspective informed by those who fought."[10] Metacritic, another aggregator, gave the series a normalized score of 90 out of 100 based on 18 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[11]
Washington Post opinion writer George Will noted that the series is "an example of how to calmly assess episodes fraught with passion and sorrow." He continues: "The combat films are extraordinary; the recollections and reflections of combatants and others on both sides are even more so, featuring photos of them then and interviews with many of them now." Will concludes his column by declaring the series a "masterpiece".[12]
On the other hand, the San Jose Mercury News writer Tatiana Sanchez reported that some American and South Vietnamese veterans were "angry, (and) disappointed" with the documentary.[13] They characterized it as a "betrayal". She writes: "veterans of the South Vietnamese military say they were largely left out of the narrative, their voices drowned out by the film’s focus on North Vietnam and its communist leader, Ho Chi Minh. And many American veterans say that the series had several glaring omissions and focused too much on leftist anti-war protesters and soldiers who came to oppose the war."
Historian Mark Moyar published a review in which he criticized the series.[14] Moyar felt that Burns and Novick overemphasized American battlefield defeats from 1966–1967 while glossing over the many victories. He also felt that Burns did not properly explain why American generals ordered their forces to fight so fiercely for seemingly meaningless hills; Moyar feels that engaging the Viet Cong in sparsely populated areas was a superior option to letting them draw near populated cities, where American airpower and artillery would require more careful use. Moyar also contended that Burns and Novick should have more strongly emphasized the amount of foreign aid that the North Vietnamese received from the Chinese and that both Vietnams were not entirely self-sufficient. He also believed that Nixon, a mercurial president who expressed many contradictory opinions, could not be taken entirely seriously in the tape excerpts used in the documentary wherein he appears to express a desire to cut South Vietnam loose immediately after the 1972 elections and the Paris Peace Accords, while the documentary let the excerpts stand as seeming fact.[14]
Vietnam Veterans for Factual History, a Texas-based interest group with which Moyar is associated, wrote an open letter to Burns saying the film's "significant factual inaccuracies, omissions, and distortions deliver a message that is very negatively slanted against both the nation of South Vietnam and American involvement."[15] The letter also said "The film portrays U.S. support for South Vietnam as blustering, blundering jingoism and the choice of music, graphics, and interviewees demonstrates a bias in favor of the militant leftist anti-war cliches of the 1960s."[15]
Soundtrack[edit]
Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross, current members of the band Nine Inch Nails, were tasked to score the series, and provide both original music and a compilation soundtrack of popular songs.
Episode overview[edit]
Episode 1 includes Bob Dylan's "A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall", T-Bone Walker's "Mean Old World", and Rosemary Clooney's "Come On-A In My House". The Dylan song is reprised over the closing credits.
Episode 2 includes Miles Davis' "So What", Bill Doggett's "Honky Tonk (Part 1)", Woody Guthrie's "Dirty Overalls", The Ventures' "Walk, Don't Run", and Ben E. King's "Stand By Me". Sam Cooke's recording of "Mean Old World" (the same song performed by T-Bone Walker in the first episode) plays over the end credits.
Episode 3 includes Bob Dylan's "With God On Our Side", Buffy Saint-Marie's "Universal Soldier", Johnnie Wright's "Hello Vietnam", Phil Ochs' "I Ain't Marchin' Anymore", The Animals' "It's My Life", The Rolling Stones' "Play With Fire", Donovan's "The War Drags On", Johnny Cash's "Big River", Barry McGuire's "Eve of Destruction", Burl Ives' "Little Drummer Boy", and over the closing credits, "Turn! Turn! Turn! by The Byrds.
Episode 4 includes The Staple Singers' "Masters of War", Wilson Pickett's "Mustang Sally", Doub Wamble's "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall", Howlin' Wolf's "Smokestack Lightning", Pete Seeger's "The Willing Conscript", Simon & Garfunkel's "The Sound of Silence", Donovan's "Sunshine Superman", Bob Dylan's "One Too Many Mornings", Simon & Garfunkel's "I Am A Rock", The Temptations' "Ain't Too Proud To Beg", Wayne Shorter "Footprints", Bob Dylan's "Talking World War III Blues", The Ventures' "Wild Child", Bob Dylan's "One Too Many Mornings" and Genesis's "Ravine". Simon & Garfunkel's "The Sound of Silence" played over the closing credits.
Episode 5 includes Jimi Hendrix's "Are You Experienced?", The Spencer Davis Group's "I'm a Man", Cream's "Strange Brew", Pete Seeger's "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy", and, over the closing credits, the Rolling Stones' "Paint It Black".
Episode 6 includes Big Brother and the Holding Company's "Summertime", Jimi Hendrix's "Voodoo Chile", Vanilla Fudge's "You Keep Me Hangin' On", The Beatles' "Tomorrow Never Knows", Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit", Eddie Harris's "Live Right Now" and, over the closing credits, Procol Harum's "A Whiter Shade of Pale".
Episode 7 includes Simon & Garfunkel's "Blues Run the Game", The Beatles' "Revolution 1", Khanh Ly's "Uot Mi", Simon & Garfunkel's "Anji", The Rolling Stones' "Street Fighting Man", "Buffalo Springfield's "For What It's Worth", Simon & Garfunkel's "Bookends Theme", Bob Dylan's "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right", Big Brother & the Holding Company's "Piece of My Heart", The Velvet Underground's "The Gift-Instrumental", Steppenwolf's "Magic Carpet Ride", The Sandals' "Lonely Road", and, over the closing credits, Otis Redding's "Tell the Truth".
Episode 8 includes Led Zeppelin's "Dazed and Confused", The Beatles' "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", The Box Tops' "The Letter", Three Dog Night's "Circle for a Landing", Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Bad Moon Rising", Country Joe McDonald's "I Feel Like I'm Fixing to Die Rag", Santana's "Soul Sacrifice", the Zombies' "Time of the Season", Otis Redding's "Respect", Santana's "Waiting", Nina Simone's "Come Ye", Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues", The Beatles' "Blackbird", Merle Haggard & the Strangers' "Okie from Muskogee", The Plastic Ono Band's "Give Peace a Chance", Cream's "Born Under a Bad Sign", Eddie Harris w/ "Live Right Now", B.B. King's "The Thrill is Gone", Bob Dylan's "Farewell, Angelina", Booker T. & the M.G.'s" w/ "Time is Tight", The Temptations' "Psychedelic Shack", Joni Mitchell's "Woodstock", and, over the closing credits, "Ohio" by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young.
Episode 9 includes The Youngbloods' "Get Together", The Animals' "We Gotta Get Out of this Place", The Rolling Stones' "Gimme Shelter", Jefferson Airplane's "Embryonic Journey", The Bob Crewe Generation Orchestra's "Barbarella", Joan Baez's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", Link Wray's "Tail Dragger", Ray Charles' "America the Beautiful", The Fairport Convention's "The Lord is in this Place", and, over the closing credits, Marvin Gaye's "What's Goin' On?".
Episode 10 includes "Kashmir" by Led Zeppelin, "All Along the Watchtower" by Jimi Hendrix, "Bridge Over Troubled Water" by Simon & Garfunkel, and, at the very end of the series, "Let It Be" by the Beatles.
Original score album[edit]
The score includes original compositions and reworked pieces from Nine Inch Nails songs and their award-winning scores for The Social Network and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.[16] In addition, supplemental new music was arranged and performed by cellist Yo-Yo Ma and The Silk Road Ensemble, and also by David Cieri and Doug Wamble. The CD was released on September 15, 2017.[16]
The Vietnam War: The Score (Disc One)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Less Likely" 6:20
2. "Four Enclosed Walls" 5:34
3. "The Forever Rain" 5:01
4. "Remnants" 4:57
5. "Other Ways to Get to the Same Place" 8:06
6. "Torn Polaroid" 5:15
7. "Before Dawn" 2:44
8. "What Comes Back" 7:36
9. "Justified Response" 3:49
10. "Counting Ticks" 5:28
Total length: 54:50
The Vietnam War: The Score (Disc Two)
No.
Title
Length
1. "A World Away" 6:12
2. "The Right Things" 8:52
3. "Passing the Point" 4:25
4. "Strangers in Lockstep" 4:57
5. "Before and After Faith" 6:24
6. "The Same Dream" 4:17
7. "Haunted" 5:20
Total length: 40:27
Soundtrack album[edit]
The PBS website describes the series as featuring "more than 120 iconic popular songs that define the era",[17] including songs by then contemporary artists. Of these, 38 songs were selected for the series' soundtrack album, which was released on September 15, 2017.[16]
The Vietnam War: The Soundtrack (Disc One)
No.
Title
Artist(s)
Length
1. "A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall" Bob Dylan 6:52
2. "Hello Vietnam" Johnnie Wright 3:05
3. " It's My Life" The Animals 3:09
4. "Eve of Destruction" Barry McGuire 3:35
5. "Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)" The Byrds 3:49
6. "Masters of War" The Staple Singers 4:38
7. "Mustang Sally" Wilson Pickett 3:01
8. "Smokestack Lightning" Howlin' Wolf 3:08
9. "Backlash Blues" Nina Simone 2:28
10. "The Sound of Silence" Simon & Garfunkel 3:05
11. "One Too Many Mornings" Bob Dylan 2:37
12. "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" The Temptations 2:36
13. "Are You Experienced?" Jimi Hendrix 4:15
14. "I'm a Man" Spencer Davis Group 2:56
15. "Green Onions" Booker T & The MG's 2:56
16. "Strange Brew" Cream 2:46
17. "Waist Deep in the Big Muddy" Pete Seeger 2:55
18. "A Whiter Shade of Pale" Procol Harum 4:08
19. "The Lord Is in This Place" Fairport Convention 1:58
20. "For What It's Worth" Buffalo Springfield 2:33
Total length: 66:30
The Vietnam War: The Soundtrack (Disc Two)
No.
Title
Artist(s)
Length
1. "Don't Think Twice It's Alright" Bob Dylan 3:37
2. "Piece of My Heart" Janis Joplin 4:13
3. "Magic Carpet Ride" Steppenwolf 4:31
4. "Tell the Truth" Otis Redding 3:11
5. "The Letter" The Box Tops 1:52
6. "Bad Moon Rising" Creedence Clearwater Revival 2:21
7. "Soul Sacrifice" Santana 6:37
8. "Okie From Muskogee" Merle Haggard 2:42
9. "The Thrill Is Gone" B.B. King 4:02
10. "Psychedelic Shack" The Temptations 3:50
11. "Ohio" Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young 3:03
12. "Get Together" The Youngbloods 4:39
13. "Gimme Shelter" The Rolling Stones 4:30
14. "Tail Dragger" Link Wray 4:49
15. "America the Beautiful" Ray Charles 3:35
16. "What's Going On" Marvin Gaye 3:52
17. "Bridge Over Troubled Water" Simon & Garfunkel 4:53
18. "Let It Be" The Beatles 3:50
Total length: 70:07
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE VIETNAM WAR, A New Film By Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, to Air Fall 2017 on PBS". PBS. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Ken Burns on the legacy of the Vietnam War". CBS News. August 23, 2015. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
Jump up ^ "Ken Burns returns to PBS with 'Vietnam War'". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c Schuessler, Jennifer (2017-09-01). "Ken Burns and Lynn Novick Tackle the Vietnam War". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
Jump up ^ Watch Full Episodes Online of The Vietnam War | Broadcast Version on PBS, retrieved 2017-09-18
Jump up ^ 'The Vietnam War Episode 3' preview, PBS Tuesday, PBS, Ken Burns, September 19, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (2017-09-01). "Shot by Shot: Building a Scene in Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's Vietnam Epic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Two Soundtracks Announced For Ken Burns 'The Vietnam War' Doc". uDiscoverMusic. 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
Jump up ^ "The Vietnam War: An Intimate History". Penguin Random House. Retrieved 2017-10-30.
Jump up ^ "The Vietnam War: Miniseries". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Vietnam War: Season 1". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Will, George (September 15, 2017). "'The Vietnam War' is a masterpiece — and a model for assessing our history". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sanchez, Tatiana (September 29, 2017). "Veterans angry, disappointed following PBS' Vietnam War documentary". The Mercury News. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Moyar, Mark. "A Warped Mirror". City Journal. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Vietnam veterans challenge Ken Burns on the accuracy of his epic documentary
^ Jump up to: a b c "Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross detail their score to Ken Burns' new Vietnam War documentary". Consequence of Sound. 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
Jump up ^ "About The Music | The Vietnam War". About The Music | The Vietnam War. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
[hide]
v
t
e
Films and TV series of Ken Burns
Films
and
TV series
Films
directed
Brooklyn Bridge (1981)
The Shakers: Hands to Work, Hearts to God (1984)
The Statue of Liberty (1985)
Huey Long (1985)
The Congress (1988)
Thomas Hart Benton (1988)
Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio (1991)
Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery (1997)
Not for Ourselves Alone (1999)
Mark Twain (2001)
Horatio's Drive (2003)
Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson (2004)
The Central Park Five (2012; co-directed with Sarah Burns & David McMahon)
The Address (2014)
Defying the Nazis: The Sharps' War (2016; co-directed with Artemis Joukowsky)
TV series
directed
The Civil War (1990)
Baseball (1994)
Thomas Jefferson (1997)
Jazz (2001)
The War (2007)
The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009)
The Tenth Inning (2010)
Prohibition (2011; co-directed with Lynn Novick)
The Dust Bowl (2012)
The Roosevelts (2014)
Jackie Robinson (2016; co-directed with Sarah Burns & David McMahon)
The Vietnam War (2017; co-directed with Lynn Novick)
TV series
produced
The West (1996)
Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies (2015)
See also
Ken Burns effect
[hide]
v
t
e
Vietnam War
Participants
North Vietnam (Viet Minh / PAVN, Viet Cong)
South Vietnam (ARVN)
United States
Related conflicts
Laotian Civil War
Cambodian Civil War
Cold War (1962–79)
Background
French Indochina
Japanese occupation
State of Vietnam (1949–1955)
Viet Minh
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Conference (1954)
1955 referendum
North Vietnamese invasion of Laos
1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
Events
1962: Strategic Hamlet Program
1963: Buddhist crisis
Coup against Diem
1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident / Resolution
December coup
1965: U.S. escalation / "Americanization"
1965 South Vietnamese coup
Bombing of North Vietnam
1968: Tet Offensive (Khe Sanh, Hue)
1970: Cambodian Campaign
1971: Vietnamization policy, ARVN campaign in Laos
1972: Easter Offensive
Christmas bombings
1973: Paris Peace Accords
1974: Invasion and capture of the Central Highlands
1975: 1975 Spring Offensive
Fall of Saigon
Aftermath
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Vietnamese boat people
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Normalization of US–Vietnam relations
Other topics
Agent Orange
Australia in the Vietnam War
Ho Chi Minh trail
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Pentagon Papers
SEATO
Sihanouk Trail
South Korea in the Vietnam War
United States news media and Vietnam
Vietnam War in film
Vietnam War in games
War crimes (Hue, My Lai, Đắk Sơn)
Weapons of the Vietnam War
Category
Battles and operations
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Sears
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the chain of department stores. For its parent company, see Sears Holdings. For other uses, see Sears (disambiguation).
Sears, Roebuck and Company
Type
Subsidiary
Industry
Retail
Founded
1886 (legacy)
1892 (first incorporation)
1906 (second incorporation)
Chicago, Illinois
Founders
Richard Warren Sears
Alvah Curtis Roebuck
Headquarters
Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States
Number of locations
594 (Q3 2017)[1]
Area served
United States
Canada
Mexico
Products
Clothing
footwear
bedding
furniture
jewelry
beauty products
appliances
housewares
tools
electronics
Revenue
US$ 13.488 billion (2016)[2]
Operating income
US$ -1.448 billion (2016)[2]
Parent
Sears Holdings
(2005–present)
Subsidiaries
See below
Website
www.sears.com
Sears, Roebuck and Company, colloquially known as Sears, is an American chain of department stores founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck in 1892 and 1906. Formerly based at the Sears Tower in Chicago and currently headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, the operation began as a mail ordering catalog company and began opening retail locations in 1925. The company was bought by the management of the American big box chain Kmart in 2005, the Kmart management formed Sears Holdings upon completion of the merger. In terms of domestic revenue, Sears was the largest retailer in the United States until October 1989, when Walmart surpassed the record.[3] As of 2017, Sears is the 23rd largest retailer in the United States overall.[4] Sears had divisions in Canada and Mexico, but were sold as well as several other subsidiaries within its brand.
Sears is currently liquidating their Canadian operations.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Mail order catalog
1.2 Retail stores and diversification
1.3 Decline and Sears Holdings
2 Subsidiaries
2.1 Current
2.2 Former
2.3 Exclusive brands (current)
2.4 Exclusive brands (former)
3 Employee relations
4 Gallery
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History[edit]
Mail order catalog[edit]
Richard Warren Sears
Richard Warren Sears came from a wealthy family, but lost it all in speculation. Sears [6] then started working as a railroad station agent in North Redwood, Minnesota, as well as in Hennepen, Minnesota. While in Redwood, a jeweler received an impressive shipment of watches which were unwanted. Sears purchased them, then sold the watches at a low price, to the station agents and made a considerable profit.
In Minneapolis, he started a mail order watch business. Sears started this company in 1886. He called it "R.W. Sears Watch Company." Within the first year he met Alvah C Roebuck, a watch repairman. The next year, they moved the business to Chicago, Illinois. In 1887 Sears published a mail-order catalog offering watches, diamonds, and jewelry. Two years later he sold his business for $100,000 and moved to Iowa, intending to be a rural banker. Restless, however, he returned to Minnesota and established a new mail-order firm selling watches and jewelry, with Roebuck as his partner. This A.C. Roebuck & Company later became "Sears, Roebuck and Company" and in 1893 moved to Chicago.
[7]

Farmers did business in small rural towns. Before the Sears catalog, farmers typically bought supplies (often at high prices and on credit) from local general stores with narrow selections of goods. Prices were negotiated, and depended on the storekeeper's estimate of a customer's creditworthiness. Sears took advantage of this by publishing catalogs offering customers a wider selection of products at clearly stated prices. The business grew quickly. The first Sears catalog was published in 1888.
In 1892, Richard Sears and Alvah Roebuck founded the A. C. Roebuck watch company. In 1893, they renamed the company to Sears, Roebuck & Company and began to diversify. By 1894, the Sears catalog had grown to 322 pages, featuring sewing machines, bicycles, sporting goods, automobiles (produced from 1905 to 1915 by Lincoln Motor Car Works of Chicago, no relation to the current Ford line),[8] and a host of other new items. By 1895, the company was producing a 532-page catalog. Sales were greater than US$400,000 in 1893 and more than US$750,000 two years later.[9] By 1896, dolls, stoves and groceries had been added to the catalog.
The exterior of the Sears Merchandise Building Tower.
The company had sales of US$800,000 in 1895, but the national Panic of 1893—a full scale depression—caused a cash squeeze and large quantities of unsold merchandise. Roebuck decided to quit (though he later returned in a publicity role). Sears offered Roebuck's half of the company to Chicago businessman Aaron Nusbaum, who in turn brought in his brother-in-law Julius Rosenwald, to whom Sears owed money. In August 1895, they bought Roebuck's half of the company for US$75,000. The new Sears, Roebuck and Company was re-incorporated in Illinois with a capital stock of US$150,000 in August 1895.
The transaction was handled by Albert Henry Loeb of the Chicago Law Firm of Loeb & Adler (now known as Arnstein & Lehr, LLP). Copies of the transaction documents are now displayed on the walls of the law firm.[10] Sears and Rosenwald got along well with each other, but not with Nusbaum. Sears and Rosenwald bought him out for US$1.3 million in 1903.[11] Rosenwald brought to the mail order firm a rational management philosophy and diversified product lines: dry goods, consumer durables, drugs, hardware, furniture, and nearly anything else a farm household could desire. From 1895 to 1907, under Rosenwald's leadership as Vice President and Treasurer, annual sales of the company climbed from US$750,000 to upwards of US$50 million.
The prosperity of the company and their vision for greater expansion led Sears and Rosenwald to take the company public in 1906, with US$40 million in stock. However, they had to incorporate a new company in order to bring the operation public.
Sears and Rosenwald established Sears, Roebuck and Company (legal name- Sears, Roebuck and Co.) in 1906 in the state of New York and replaced the original company.[12] The current company inherits the history of the old company, but does not recognize the 1906 incorporation and instead recognizes the 1892 incorporation of the old company.
After Sears resigned the presidency in 1908 due to declining health, Rosenwald was named president and chairman of the board and had full control.[13] Sears' successful 1906 initial public offering (IPO) marks the first major retail IPO in American financial history and represented a coming of age, financially, of the consumer sector.[14]
In 1906, Sears opened its catalog plant and the Sears Merchandise Building Tower in Chicago.[15] Also, by that time, the Sears catalog had become known in the industry as "the Consumers' Bible". In 1933, Sears issued the first of its famous Christmas catalogs known as the "Sears Wishbook", a catalog featuring toys and gifts, separate from the annual Christmas Catalog. The catalog also entered the language, particularly of rural dwellers, as a euphemism for toilet paper.[16] From 1908 to 1940, the catalog even included ready-to-assemble kit houses.[17] Novelists and story writers often portrayed the importance of the catalog in the emotional lives of rural folk.
For children and their parents, the catalog was a "wish book" that was eagerly flipped through. It was not a question of purchasing but of dreaming; they made up stories about the lives of the models on the pages. The catalog was a means of entertainment, though much of its magic wore off with the passing of childhood.[18] The company was badly hurt during 1919–21 as a severe depression hit the nation's farms after farmers had overexpanded their holdings. To bail out the company, Rosenwald pledged $21 million of his personal wealth.[19]
By 1922, Sears had regained financial stability. First he oversaw the design and construction of the company's first department store within Sears, Roebuck's massive 16-hectare (40-acre) headquarters complex of offices, laboratories and mail-order operations at Homan Ave. and Arthington St. on Chicago's West Side. The store opened in 1925. In 1924, Rosenwald resigned the presidency, but remained as chairman until his death in 1932; his goal was to devote more time to philanthropy.[20]
Retail stores and diversification[edit]
Sears Tower
The mail order market was based on rural America, with a slow-growing population and far less spending power than urban America. Rosenwald decided to shift emphasis to urban America, and brought in Robert E. Wood to take charge. The first Sears retail stores were opened in conjunction with the company's mail order offices, typically in working-class neighborhoods far from the main shopping center. Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials. It deemphasized the latest fashions in favor of practicality and durability, and allowed customers to select goods without the aid of a clerk. Its stores were oriented to motorists—set apart from existing business districts amid residential areas occupied by their target audience; had ample, free, off-street parking; and communicated a clear corporate identity. In the 1930s, the company designed fully air-conditioned, "windowless" stores whose layout was driven wholly by merchandising concerns.[21]
From the 1920s to the 1950s, Sears built many urban department stores in the USA, Canada and Mexico (apart from, but not far from, existing central business districts), and they overshadowed the mail-order business. Starting in the 1950s, the company expanded into suburban markets, and malls in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1959, it had formed the Homart Development Company for developing malls. Many of the company's stores have undergone major renovations or replacement since the 1980s. Sears began to diversify in the 1930s, adding Allstate Insurance Company in 1931 and placing Allstate representatives in its stores in 1934. Over the decades it established major national brands, such as Kenmore, Craftsman, DieHard, Silvertone, Supertone, and Toughskins. The company became a conglomerate during the mid-20th century, adding Dean Witter and Coldwell Banker real estate in 1981, starting Prodigy as a joint venture with IBM in 1984, and introducing the Discover credit card in 1985. In March 2009, Sears purchased the social search engine Delver.
In 1974, Sears completed the 110-story Sears Tower in Chicago, becoming the world's tallest building, a title it took from the former World Trade Center towers in New York. Sears moved to the new Prairie Stone Business Park in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, between 1993 and 1995.[22] The Sears Centre is a 10,001-seat multi-purpose arena located in Hoffman Estates adjacent to the Prairie Stone campus.[23] Even though its naming rights to the building expired in 2003 it remained the Sears Tower through early 2009. In March 2009 London-based insurer Willis Group Holdings, Ltd., was given the building's naming rights to entice the occupancy of the building. The official renaming as the Willis Tower took place on Thursday, July 16, 2009, during a public ceremony hosted by Willis Group Holdings.[24]
In the 1990s, the company began divesting itself of many non-retail entities, which were detrimental to the company's bottom line. Sears spun off its financial services arm which included brokerage business Dean Witter Reynolds and Discover Card. It sold its mall building subsidiary Homart to General Growth Properties in 1995.[25] Sears later acquired hardware chain Orchard Supply Hardware in 1996 and started home improvement store The Great Indoors in 1997.[26]
Decline and Sears Holdings[edit]
In 1993, Sears terminated its famous general merchandise catalog because of sinking sales and profits, and in 1997 sold 85% of its Mexico affiliate to Grupo Carso. Sears Holdings continues to produce specialty catalogs and reintroduced a smaller version of the Holiday Wish Book in 2007. In 2003, Sears sold its retail credit card operation to Citibank.[27] The remaining card operations were sold to JPMorgan Chase in August 2005. In 2003, Sears opened a new concept store called Sears Grand. Sears Grand stores carry everything that a regular Sears carries, and more. Sears Grand stores are about 175,000 to 225,000 square feet (16,300 to 20,900 m2).
On November 17, 2004, Sears announced it was being acquired by the management of Kmart Holding Corporation (company that owns Kmart) for $11 billion after Kmart completed its bankruptcy (USA Today Nov. 17, 2004). As a part of the acquisition, Kmart Holding Corporation along with Kmart was transferred to the new Sears Holdings Corporation and Sears was purchased by the new Sears Holdings. The new company started trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange, Sears sold its single letter ticker symbol 'S' it had held since 1910 to Sprint.[28] The new corporation announced that it would continue to operate stores under both the Sears and Kmart brands. In 2005, the company began renovating some Kmart stores and converting them to the Sears Essentials format, only to change them later to Sears Grands.[29]
The combined company's profits peaked at $1.5 billion in 2006, then dwindled to nearly nothing by 2010. From 2011 to 2016 the company lost $10.4 billion. In 2014 its total debt ($4.2 billion at the end of January 2017) surpassed its market cap ($974.1 million as of March 21).[30]
Sears spent much of 2014 and 2015 selling off portions of its balance sheet; namely Lands' End and its stake in Sears Canada. Sears Canada was one of the biggest e-commerce players in Canada, with CAN$505 million in sales in 2015—more than Walmart and others who have begun pushing aggressively into online sales, such as Canadian Tire.[31] Sears stated that the company was looking to focus on becoming a more tech-driven retailer. Sears' CEO and top shareholder said the sell-off of key assets in the last year had given the retailer the money it needs to speed up its transformation.[31] As of 2015, Sears Holdings had lost a total of US$7 billion in the last four years. In part, the retailer was trying to curb losses by using a loyalty program called Shop Your Way.[31] Sears believed the membership scheme would be a long-term play for the company, and it would enhance repeat business and customer loyalty.[31]
Seritage Growth Properties is the REIT spinoff of some of the holding company's Sears and Kmart stores. The REIT announced in October 2016 that it was terminating 17 store leases. All of the locations are associated with Kmart locations.[32] Also in October 2016, Moody's Investor Services downgraded Sears to speculative grade liquidity rating. The speculative grade liquidity means that Sears is expected to have to rely on external financing and monetization of its alternative assets according to Moody's VP Christina Boni.[32]
In late 2016 and early 2017, some significant steps were taken by Edward Lampert, president, chief executive officer and top shareholder of Sears Holding Corp. Lampert, with personal assets estimated at US$2 billion, is also the founder and manager of the hedge fund ESL Investments Inc.[33] He provided an additional loan of US$500 million to the company and said he would provide letters of credit to Sears for additional amounts, reportedly totaling US$200 million and possibly increasing to a half billion dollars in the future.[34]
Lampert also concluded an arrangement that sold the Craftsman brand to Stanley Black & Decker Inc. for approximately US$900 million.[35] During this period, the company also announced that it would close 150 stores (109 Kmart and 41 Sears outlets), in an attempt to cut its losses after a decline in sales of 12 to 13 percent during the holiday shopping season and the largest quarterly loss since 2013. Matt McGinley, an analyst at Evercore ISI, stated, "In the long run, the cash isn't likely to change the company's course. ... I don't think there is any viable path to any sort of profitability."[36]
In February 2017, Sears announced a restructuring plan that is hoped to cut costs by US$1 billion via selling more stores, cutting jobs and selling brands.[37] During the second quarter of 2017, 42 Sears stores in 40 states closed.[38] Later on Sears announced that it closed an additional 12 stores.[39] In July 2017, Sears announced it would close another 43 stores (8 Sears and 35 Kmart stores). Those closures are in addition to the previously announced closures.[40]
Since 2010, Sears has gone from more than 3,500 physical stores to 695 US stores.[41] Sales at Sears stores dropped 10.3 percent in the final quarter of 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015.[42]
In October 2017, Sears and appliance manufacturer Whirlpool Corporation reportedly ended their 101-year old association that had allowed Whirlpool appliances to be sold at Sears stores and, later, at Kmart. The companies reportedly were unable to come to an agreement on pricing issues. [43]
In November 2017, Sears announced they were closing 18 Sears stores and 45 Kmart stores. The stores would be closing by January 2018 bringing the store count to 680 Sears stores.
Subsidiaries[edit]
Current[edit]
A&E Factory Service is the newest name for Sears' longstanding on-site repair service, servicing larger items such as home appliances, electronics, and garden equipment. The A&E brand name was purchased from Montgomery Ward, which used it for their home service unit, and is a joint venture held by Whirlpool and Sears Holdings.[44] A&E Factory Service is a network of mobile service vans with a long history of performing appliance repairs.[45]
Sears (Full-Line) is a chain of department stores that are usually located in shopping malls, however, some freestanding stores exist; they carry clothing, jewelry, home appliances, household hardware, lawn and garden supplies, lawn mowers, paint, sporting goods, automobile repair, office supplies, electronics and school supplies. Sears stores are usually multi-level, averaging 139,000 sq ft (12,900 m2).[46] As of July 29, 2017, there were 619 full-size Sears stores[47] in the United States. There are also 130 Sears locations in Canada and 94 in Mexico.[48][not in citation given]
Sears Grand is a chain of hypermarkets typically located away from shopping malls (with the exception of Gurnee Mills, Gurnee, Illinois, and formerly Pittsburgh Mills, Tarentum, Pennsylvania, which closed in January 2015). Many Sears Grand locations are retrofit remodels of existing Kmart supercenter stores. They carry everything a Sears department store carries, plus health and beauty products, a pharmacy, toys, baby care, cleaning supplies, home décor, pet food, cards and party supplies, books, magazines, music, Little Caesars Pizza Station, movies, and a selection of groceries which is limited mostly to dry goods. Sears Grand stores range from 165,000 to 210,000 square feet (15,300 to 19,500 m2).[49][full citation needed] The first Sears Grand opened at Jordan Landing in West Jordan, Utah in 2003. At 225,000 square feet (20,900 m2), the Jordan Landing store is currently the largest in the chain.
Sears Home Services is a division of Sears that specializes in appliance repair, lawn and garden services, HVAC service, as well as most in home services. Sears Home Services can also do repair on small appliances in-store.
Sears Optical is a chain of off-mall optical shops which carries all the same products and services as the optical department at regular Sears stores.
Sears PartsDirect is a chain of lawn & garden equipment and appliance parts stores. Some locations, branded as Sears Parts and Repair Centers, feature a carry-in point for customers to bring-in merchandise which needs to be repaired, either in or out of warranty.
Sears Portrait Studio is a full service portrait studio with locations in Sears stores and formerly standalone locations as well. It was run by CPI Corporation, until all Sears Portrait Studios ceased operations on April 6, 2013. CPI Corporation, in a statement on its website, said it closed all of its U.S. studios "after many years of providing family portrait photography." The St. Louis-based company didn't explain the hasty closure, and calls to CPI went unanswered. However, the company has struggled financially, hurt by the rise of digital photography. Sears Portrait Studio was later revived in August 2016 in a few in-store locations through an affiliation with Picture People.
Sears Vacations is a licensed business partner of Sears Holdings, founded in February 2012 in conjunction with International Cruise & Excursions, Inc. Sears Vacations functions as an online travel agency that provides online and telephone-based booking services for Sears customers through the SearsVacations.com website. Sears Vacations offers cruises, resorts, hotels, tours, guided vacations, car rental, airline tickets, shore excursions, vacation rentals, and travel insurance.[50]
Former[edit]
Sears Outlet is an outlet version of Sears department stores located in various retail locations across the United States. The stores carry new, one-of-a-kind, out of carton, discontinued, used, scratched and dented merchandise at 20–60% off regular retail price. While a wide variety of products are available, appliances make up a large majority of available merchandise. Sears Outlet stores were once known as Sears Surplus. Many former Kmarts have been converted to serve as Sears Outlets, though these often take up less than half the floorspace. Each store, on average, is larger than 18,000 square feet in size.[51] Sears Outlet was part of a spin-off with Sears Hometown Stores and Sears Appliance and Hardware Stores to become Sears Hometown and Outlet Stores in September 2012.[52] Sears Canada's 11 Outlet stores was not spun off and remain with the corporate owned stores in Canada (as of 2016 only 5 remain as six locations have closed).
A closed Sears Hardware in Windham, Connecticut. (Closed in May 2016)
Sears Appliance & Hardware is a chain of hardware stores that carry the whole line of Sears hardware and are usually free-standing. More than 110 Sears Appliance & Hardware stores averaging 28,000 square feet (2,600 m2) serve customers nationwide. Stores were expanded to include Sears' full line of appliances in 2005. Sears Hometown and Outlet Stores took on Sears Appliance & Hardware in a Spin-off from Sears Holdings in 2012.[53]
Sears Hometown Stores (formerly known as Sears Authorized Dealer Stores) is part of the retail operation of Sears Holdings and is a small-store (averaging 8,500 square feet) version of Sears full-line department stores. Sears Hometown Stores, established in 1993, is a franchise formula The stores are located away from shopping malls and serve local communities across the United States and Puerto Rico.[54] Sears Hometown Stores was part of a spin-off with Sears Outlet and Sears Appliance and Hardware in September 2012.[52]
Sears Home Appliance Showrooms is a store that offers home appliances and related services in-store. The stores have an internet kiosk where customers are able to view similar products, price match, and order products not available in the store. primarily located in strip malls and centers of metropolitan areas. Averaging 5,000 square feet with a primarily appliance showroom design. These stores carry Kenmore and other national brands of home appliances.
Lands' End, Is a "store within a store" inside approximately 227 Sears domestic full-line locations. Averaging 7,700 square feet and offering Lands' End clothing and branded products. Sears Holdings prior to the spin off, operated fourteen Lands' End stores that exclusively carry Lands' End clothing and various fashion accessories, footwear and home goods. These stores which average 9,300 square feet are located separate from Sears department stores, usually in outlet malls and regular malls.[55] Sears officially spun off Lands' End in April 2014 amid continuing financial distress, including a US$1.4 billion loss in 2013.[56] Lands' End is now a publicly traded clothing and home-goods producer and retailer, specializing in kids clothing, uniforms, and customized workplace products.[57]
Sears Essentials was a chain of discount stores that were common retrofit remodels of existing Kmart stores. Their product lines were similar to that of Sears Grand stores. In 2006, Sears dropped the brand as it tried to turn Kmart stores into free standing Sears stores. Most of 50 buildings bearing its name were turned into Sears Grand Stores or reverted to Kmarts.[58]
National Tire and Battery (NTB) & National Tire Warehouse (NTW) is an American brand of auto service centers. It was formerly owned by Sears until it was spun off in 2003. Sears created the brand in 1997 by consolidating the Tire America (TA) and National Tire Warehouse (NTW) brands, adding the "B" to include its DieHard brand of batteries.[59] Sears sold the brand, which consisted mostly of stores set apart from its name brand stores, in 2003 to TBC Corporation. A Sears spokesman said "Because of the separate branding and the lack of proximity to our retail operations, we weren't able to drive growth like a TBC could".[60] The chain of 226 stores was reported to have brought in $425 million in revenue and $60 million in profit in 2002.[60]
Sears Brand Central was an electronics store. The appliances departments in Sears are now known and referred to internally as Brand Central, although they are not marketed to consumers as such, except for a few locations in Puerto Rico.
Sears Catalog Sales Stores were located in small towns. These stores were very small, even smaller than Sears' current Hometown Dealer stores. At catalog stores, some items could be ordered from the floor, such as appliances; other items could be ordered from catalogs at the store. These stores were often placed in rural markets which were far from full-line Sears stores, allowing for customers to purchase Sears products more easily. These stores were closed in 1993 when Sears closed its catalog business.
Sears Authorized Catalog Sales Merchant was an independent business person who provided many of the same services as the Sears Catalog Sales Store. Similar operations are also found in Canada with Sears Canada as Sears Pickup Location or Sears Catalogue Sales Merchant.
Sears Appliance Stores were small stores usually between 7,000 and 10,000 square feet[61]. Sears Appliance Stores displayed and sold (at Retail Store prices) appliances, carpeting, etc. and, in addition, provided a catalog sales department through which catalog items could be ordered. Sears Holdings has opened a Sears Appliances store in Colorado in 2016 with plans to add more throughout the country.
Sears Rent-a-Car was a car and truck rental chain formed in a mid-1970s joint venture with Budget. It was sold to Avis in 2002.
Sears HomeLife was a chain of furniture stores owned by Sears. The concept was introduced at a mall in Fresno, California in 1989, followed by a stand-alone store in Madison, Wisconsin.[62] Sears HomeLife averaged 20,000 to 40,000 square feet, featured dark ceilings, theatrical lighting and an expanded array of furniture and accessories. These stores are designed to be much larger than the typical in-store Sears furniture department, which averages around 7,800 square feet. Sears opened Homelife stores as stores-in-a-store to replace the exist furniture departments within large full-line Sears stores. Other Sears HomeLifes were opened as free-standing locations.[63] Sears sold the stores to Citicorp Venture in 1999, who changed the chain's name to just "HomeLife". They opened more locations, some inside large Sears stores or near the store depending on space available. HomeLife closed its last stores in 2001.[64] In Puerto Rico, a few HomeLife locations are still present.
Sears Neighborhood was a chain similar to Sears Hometown stores, except that Neighborhood stores were located in urban markets. These stores were also independently owned and operated. The concept was introduced in Atlanta in 1998, and another similar store was located in Cincinnati.[65][66] The Neighborhood stores closed in the early 2000s.
The Great Indoors was a chain of free-standing home decor stores that carry high-end home appliances, bedding, and kitchen and bath fixtures. The Great Indoors also offered custom kitchen and bathroom design services. Stores were approximately 140,000 square feet each. Nearly 300 employees were hired for each store.[67] Sears Holdings announced the closing of all remaining stores in 2012.
Orchard Supply Hardware is a chain of free-standing hardware stores, averaging 28,000 square feet. Stores carry home repair, hardware products and lawn and garden supplies. It was spun off from Sears in January 2012.[68]
Exclusive brands (current)[edit]
Covington – Men's and women's dresswear. [69]
Easy Living – Painting equipment
Weatherbeater – Painting equipment
Roebucks – Formerly clothing, now used for men's work shoes [70]
Roebuck & Co. - Men's, women's, and children's clothing and shoes
Structure - Men's clothing and shoes. Originally owned by Express, Inc. before Sears bought it in 2003.[71] [72]
Laura Scott - Women's clothing [73]
Simply Emma - Women's clothing and jewelry [74]
R1893 - Women's clothing, primarily jeans
Metaphor - Women's clothing
Canyon River Blues - Men's and women's clothing. A children's sub-brand called CRB Kids also exists.
Colormate - Bedding and bath accessories [75]
Outdoor Life - More rugged men's and women's clothing.
Simply Styled - Men's, women's, and children's clothing and shoes. [76]
Northwest Territory - Men's and women's clothing and outerwear [77]
Since the merger of Sears & Kmart in 2005, many brands are now shared by both stores. These include:
Kenmore - Appliances [78]
DieHard – Batteries, clothing, and work shoes. [79]
Toughskins – Children's clothing[80]
Everlast - Through a license deal. [81] Men's, women's, and children's athletic apparel and footwear.
Adam Levine Collection - Men's and women's clothing.
Joe Boxer - Men's and women's underwear and sleepwear.
Basic Editions - Men's, women's and children's clothing.
Essential Home - Bed, bath, and kitchen supplies
Athletech - Athletic clothing and shoes [82]
Exclusive brands (former)[edit]
Sears Tower Brand 127 Film (Expired: November 1963)
Coldspot – Appliances[83]
Allstate – Automobiles, motorcycles and mopeds, vehicle parts and insurance[84]
Alphaline – Brand of electronics accessories, cables and headphones. A video on-demand service powered by Roxio under the same name launched in 2010.[85] Brand name abandoned as of 2015.[86]
Celestial Star – Diamond jewelry
Challenge Records
Cheryl Tiegs – Clothing[87]
Companion – Tools
Conqueror Records
Dashmate Automobile Radios & Tape players
David Bradley – Farm machinery[88]
Dean Witter Reynolds – Financial services
Discover Card – Credit card
Dunlap – Tools
Economy – Iceboxes, fountain pens, sewing machine cabinets, gasoline engines, portable saw rigs, variety of farm equipment, cream separators[89]
Free Spirit – Bicycles
Gold Bond – Footwear
Goolagong – Clothing
Harmony House – Interior decorating products[90]
Hearthside – Rug looms and quilting frames
Hercules – Work clothing, appliances, insurance, sewage systems, letterman's jackets, fire extinguishers, heavy-duty coveralls, and home heating systems[91]
Hillary – Camping and outdoor gear
Homart – Heating and cooling systems, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, kitchen cabinets, building supplies
J. C. Higgins – Sporting goods, camping[92]
Kromedge – Sawblades, dadoes, moldering heads, router bits
Penske – Automotive testing tools
Permanex – Blow-molded polyethylene tool storage cases, gas cans
Pilgrim – Clothing[93]
Sears Video Arcade – In-house version of Atari in the early 1980s; discontinued in favor of the actual Atari systems
Seventeen - Young women's clothing. Part of a license deal with the magazine of the same name in 2014.[94] As of 2017, only items on sale are on clearance.
Silvertone – Stereos, televisions, musical instruments[95]
Silvertone Records
Supertone Records
Ted Williams Brand – Sporting goods
Tower – Cameras, photo supplies, office equipment
Employee relations[edit]
Sears building in the Edificio La Nacional building in Mexico City, across from the Palacio de Bellas Artes.
Sears has struggled with employee relations. One notable example was the shift in 1992 from an hourly wage based on longevity to a base wage (usually between US$3.50 and US$6 per hour) and commissions ranging from 0.5% to 11%. Sears claimed the new base wage, often constituting a substantial (up to 40%) cut in pay, was done "to be successful in this highly competitive environment".[96]
In early October 2007, Sears cut commission rates for employees in select departments to anywhere from 0.5% to 4% but equalized the base wage across all Home Improvement and Electronics departments. In 2011, commission rates on non-base items were cut by 2% in the electronics department. In late 2009, the commission on sales of "base items" from the electronic department was cut to 1%. As of 2017, appliances is the only remaining department where compensation is based entirely on commission. Other departments give a base pay plus commission. In many stores, jewelry department associates receive a low base salary with 1% commission on their sales.
Gallery[edit]
Letterhead logo 1907
Logo 1963–84
1984–94
1994–2004 (still used in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and some US locations)
2004–08 (2004–16 in Canada)
2008–present
Sears Auto Center in Concord, New Hampshire
Exterior of the Sears at the Westfield Hawthorn in Vernon Hills, Illinois
Mall entrance to the Sears at Plaza del Norte in Hatillo, Puerto Rico
Mall entrance to the Sears at Paramus Park in Paramus, New Jersey.
Exterior of the Sears Essentials in West Palm Beach, Florida (reopened as Sears Outlet)
2013 photo of the mall entrance to the Sears Grand at Pittsburgh Mills in Tarentum, Pennsylvania. This Sears closed in January 2015.
Exterior of the Sears Parts & Repair Store in Brooklyn, Ohio
Exterior of the Sears in Mexico City.
See also[edit]
Chicago portal
Illinois portal
Companies portal
Sears Canada – Canadian unit (Currently being liquidated, soon to be defunct)
Sears (Mexico) – Mexican unit held by Grupo Carso
Sears plc – former UK company unrelated to U.S. retailer
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Zumbach, Lauren (March 27, 2017). "Sears CEO Lampert takes bigger stake in ailing chain, shares jump". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2017/10/25/sears-splits-with-whirlpool-appliances-splintering.html?ana=yahoo&yptr=yahoo
Jump up ^ This Week in Consumer Electronics, Whirlpool Bears First Fruits Of Maytag Merger At Home Depot, September 10, 2006.
Jump up ^ Yard and Garden, Filling the gap: now that home centers are "servicing what they sell," where do dealers fit into this rapidly changing retail channel?; Profitably running your service department, March 2005.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Sears gets $446M from Hometown and Outlet spinoff". The Chicago Tribune. October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Sears celebrates new name". The Emporia Gazette. March 16, 2009. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
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Jump up ^ "COMPANY This is How a Global Apparel & Lifestyle Company Comes Together". Lands'End. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Sears Plans to Sell National Tire and Battery for $260 Million", by Constance L. Hays, New York Times, September 23, 2003
Jump up ^ http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-sears-shareholder-meeting-0512-biz-20160511-story.html "Sears planning smaller-format appliance stores"
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Further reading[edit]
Chang, Myong-Hun, and Joseph E. Harrington Jr. "Organizational structure and firm innovation in a retail chain." Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 3.4 (1998): 267-288. compares Sears' Robert E. Wood with Montgomery Ward's Sewell Avery online[dead link]
Emmet, Boris, and John E Jeuck. Catalogs and Counters: A History of Sears, Roebuck and Company (1950), the standard scholarly history
Israel, Fred L. 1897 Sears, Roebuck and Co Catalogue 100th Anniversary Edition, Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1968.
Katz, Donald R. The Big Store: Inside the Crisis & Revolution at Sears (1987)
Worthy, James C. Shaping An American Institution: Robert E. Wood and Sears, Roebuck (1986)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sears, Roebuck and Company.
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
Sears Holdings
Current Management:
Eddie Lampert, Chairman (major owner), President and CEO
Founders:
S. S. Kresge
Alvah Curtis Roebuck
Richard Warren Sears
Retailers:
Kmart
mygofer
Sears
Canada
Mexico
Brands:
Celestial Star
DieHard
Kenmore
Joe Boxer
Thom McAn
Shopyourway
Toughskins
Spin-offs:
Allstate
Coldwell Banker
Craftsman
Dean Witter Reynolds
Discover Card
Homart Development Company
Kmart Australia
Lands' End
OfficeMax
Orchard Supply Hardware
PayLess Drug Store
Defunct and Acquired Properties
Borders Group
Builders Square
The Great Indoors
J.C. Higgins
Pace Membership Warehouse
Prodigy
Silvertone
Sports Authority
Tele-Games
Venture Stores
Waldenbooks
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sears&oldid=815717923"
Categories:
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