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Sichuan cuisine
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Sichuan cuisine
Kung Pao chicken
Chinese
四川菜
[show]Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Sìchuān cài
Chuan cuisine
Chinese
川菜
[show]Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Chuān cài
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Geographic extent of Sichuan cuisine
Sichuan cuisine, Szechwan cuisine, or Szechuan cuisine (四川菜) (/ˈsɛʃwɒn/ or /ˈsɛtʃwɒn/[1]), alternatively known as Chuan cuisine, is a style of Chinese cuisine originating from Sichuan Province in southwestern China. It has bold flavours, particularly the pungency and spiciness resulting from liberal use of garlic and chili peppers, as well as the unique flavour of Sichuan pepper. There are many local variations within Sichuan Province and the neighbouring Chongqing Municipality, which was part of Sichuan Province until 1997. Four sub-styles of Sichuan cuisine include Chongqing, Chengdu, Zigong and Buddhist vegetarian style.[2]
UNESCO declared Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, to be a city of gastronomy in 2011 to recognise the sophistication of its cooking.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Features
3 Notable dishes
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
Sichuan in the Middle Ages welcomed Near Eastern crops, such as broad beans, sesame and walnuts. Since the 16th century, the list of major crops in Sichuan has even been lengthened by New World newcomers. The characteristic chili pepper came from Mexico, but probably overland from India or by river from Macao, replacing the spicy peppers of ancient times and complementing the Sichuan peppercorn (花椒; huājiāo). Other newcomers from the New World included maize (corn), which largely replaced millet; white potatoes introduced by Catholic missions; and sweet potatoes. The population of Sichuan was cut by perhaps three quarters in the wars from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Settlers from the adjacent Hunan Province brought their cooking styles with them.[4]
Sichuan is colloquially known as the "heavenly country" due to its abundance of food and natural resources. One ancient Chinese account declared that the "people of Sichuan uphold good flavour, and they are fond of hot and spicy taste." Most Sichuan dishes are spicy, although a typical meal includes non-spicy dishes to cool the palate. Sichuan cuisine is composed of seven basic flavours: sour, pungent, hot, sweet, bitter, aromatic and salty. Sichuan food is divided into five different types: sumptuous banquet, ordinary banquet, popularised food, household-style food and food snacks. Milder versions of Sichuan dishes remain a staple of American Chinese cuisine.[5]
Features[edit]
A chili hot pot characteristic of Sichuan cuisine
The complex topography of Sichuan Province, including its mountains, hills, plains, plateaus and the Sichuan Basin, has shaped its food customs with versatile and distinct ingredients.
Abundant rice and vegetables are produced from the fertile Sichuan Basin, whereas a wide variety of herbs, mushrooms and other fungi prosper in the highland regions. Pork is overwhelmingly the most common type of meat consumed.[4] Beef is somewhat more common in Sichuan cuisine than it is in other Chinese cuisines, perhaps due to the prevalence of oxen in the region.[6] Sichuan cuisine also uses various bovine and porcine organs as ingredients, such as intestine, arteries, head, tongue, skin and liver, in addition to other commonly used portions of the meat. Rabbit meat is also much more popular in Sichuan than elsewhere in China. It is estimated that the Sichuan Basin and Chongqing area consume about 70 percent of China's rabbit meat consumption.[7] Yoghurt, which probably spread from India through Tibet in mediaeval times, is consumed among the Han Chinese. This is an unusual custom in other parts of the country. The salt produced from Sichuan salt springs and wells, unlike the sea salt, does not contain iodine, leading to goiter problems before the 20th century.[4]
Sichuan cuisine often contains food preserved through pickling, salting and drying. Preserved dishes are generally served as spicy dishes with heavy application of chili oil.
The most unique and important spice in Sichuan cuisine is the Sichuan pepper (花椒; huājiāo; "flower pepper"). Sichuan peppercorn has an intense fragrant, citrus-like flavour and produces a "tingly-numbing" (麻; má) sensation in the mouth. Other commonly used spices in Sichuan cuisine are garlic, chili peppers, ginger and star anise.
Broad bean chili paste (豆瓣酱; 豆瓣醬; dòubànjiàng) is one of the most important seasonings.[4] It is an essential component to famous dishes such as Mapo tofu and double-cooked pork slices. Sichuan cuisine is the origin of several prominent sauces/flavours widely used in modern Chinese cuisine, including:
Yuxiang (魚香)
Mala (麻辣)
Guaiwei (怪味).
Common preparation techniques in Sichuan cuisine include stir frying, steaming and braising, but a complete list would include more than 20 distinct techniques.
Notable dishes[edit]
Although many dishes live up to their spicy reputation, there are a large percentage of recipes that use little or no hot spices at all, including dishes such as tea-smoked duck.
English
Image
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Pinyin
Notes
Ants climbing a tree 螞蟻上樹 蚂蚁上树 mǎyǐ shàng shù
Bon bon chicken 棒棒雞 棒棒鸡 bàngbàng jī
Braised pork ribs with konjac 魔芋燒排骨 魔芋烧排骨 móyù shāo páigǔ
Dan dan noodles 擔擔麵 担担面 dàndàn miàn
Double-cooked pork 回鍋肉 回锅肉 huíguōròu Literally "meat returning to the pot"
Fish with pickled mustard greens 酸菜魚 酸菜鱼 suān cài yú
Fragrant and spicy fish slices 香辣魚片 香辣鱼片 xiāng là yú piàn
Kung Pao beef tendon 宮保牛筋 宫保牛筋 gōngbǎo niú jīn
Kung Pao chicken 宮保雞丁 宫保鸡丁 gōngbǎo jīdīng
Mao xue wang 毛血旺 毛血旺 máo xuě wàng A traditional dish from Chongqing made from pig's blood, tripe, duck's blood, ham and chicken gizzard. Beansprouts, chili, Sichuan peppercorn, sesame and other spices are often added as seasoning.
Mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐 麻婆豆腐 mápó dòufǔ Literally "pockmarked granny's tofu"
Shredded chicken cold noodles 雞絲涼麵 鸡丝凉面 jī sī liáng miàn
Shredded pork in garlic sauce 魚香肉絲 鱼香肉丝 yuxiang rousi Literally "sliced pork with fish aroma"
Sichuan hotpot 四川火鍋 四川火锅 Sìchuān huǒguō
Sliced beef/beef tripe/ox tongue in chili sauce 夫妻肺片 夫妻肺片 fūqī fèipiàn Literally "husband and wife lung pieces"
Spicy deep-fried chicken 辣子雞 辣子鸡 làzǐjī
Tea-smoked duck 樟茶鴨 樟茶鸭 zhāngchá yā
Three pepper chicken 三椒煸雞 三椒煸鸡 sān jiāo biān jī
Water-cooked meat 水煮肉 水煮肉 shuǐzhǔ ròu
See also[edit]
China portal
Food portal
Hunan cuisine
Chen Kenmin
Chen Kenichi
List of Chinese dishes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Szechuan." at Merriam-Webster Online.
Jump up ^ Dunlop, Fuchsia (2003). Land of Plenty: A Treasury of Authentic Sichuan Cooking. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0393051773.
Jump up ^ UNESCO (2011). "Chengdu: UNESCO City of Gastronomy". UNESCO. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Anderson, Eugene (2003). "Sichuan (Szechuan) Cuisine". Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. New York: Scribner's. pp. 393–395.
Jump up ^ Fu, Peimei (傅培梅) (2005). Peimei's Selection of Famous Dishes: Special Edition on Sichuan and Zhejiang Cuisine (培梅名菜精選:川浙菜專輯) (in Chinese). Tangerine Culture Enterprise Co., Ltd. (橘子文化事業有限公司). p. 9.
Jump up ^ Tropp, Barbara (1982). The Modern Art of Chinese Cooking. New York: Hearst Books. p. 183. ISBN 0-688-14611-2.
Jump up ^ Geng, Olivia (June 13, 2014). "French Rabbit Heads: The Newest Delicacy in Chinese Cuisine". The Wall Street Journal Blog.
Further reading[edit]
Fuchsia Dunlop. Land of Plenty : A Treasury of Authentic Sichuan Cooking. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003. ISBN 0393051773.
Fuchsia Dunlop. Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China. (New York: Norton, 2008). ISBN 9780393066579. The author's experience and observations, especially in Sichuan.
Jung-Feng Chiang, Ellen Schrecker and John E. Schrecker. Mrs. Chiang's Szechwan Cookbook : Szechwan Home Cooking. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. ISBN 006015828X.
Eugene Anderson. "Sichuan (Szechuan) Cuisine," in Solomon H. Weaver William Woys Katz. Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. (New York: Scribner, 2003; ISBN 0684805685). Vol I pp. 393–395.
Lu Yi, Du li. China Sichuan Cuisine (Chinese and English) Bilingual . Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, 2010. ISBN 9787536469648
External links[edit]
NPR story on Sichuan cuisine and a cookbook about the cuisine
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Guinness World Records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Guinness World Records
Editor
Craig Glenday (ed.)[1]
Cover artist
Simon Jones
Language
English, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish
Subject
World Records
Genre
Reference
Publisher
Jim Pattison Group
Publication date
10 November 1951 – present
Published in English
27 August 1955 – present
Media type
Book, television
Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954.
The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 62nd year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Evolution
3 Defining records
3.1 Ethical and safety issues
3.2 Difficulty in defining records
4 Verifying existing records
5 Museums
6 Television series
7 Gamer's edition
8 British pop music volume
9 Other media
9.1 Video games
9.2 Film
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the managing director of the Guinness Breweries,[3] went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in County Wexford, Ireland. After missing a shot at a golden plover, he became involved in an argument over which was the fastest game bird in Europe, the golden plover or the red grouse (it is the plover[4]). That evening at Castlebridge House, he realized that it was impossible to confirm in reference books whether or not the golden plover was Europe's fastest game bird.[5][6] Beaver knew that there must be numerous other questions debated nightly in pubs throughout Ireland and abroad, but there was no book in the world with which to settle arguments about records. He realised then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful.[7]
Beaver's idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had been running a fact-finding agency in London. The twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became The Guinness Book of Records in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away.[8]
After the founding of The Guinness Book of Records at 107 Fleet Street, London, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas. The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies. Since then, Guinness World Records has become a household name and the global leader in world records. The book has gone on to become a record breaker in its own right; with sales of more than 100 million copies in 100 different countries and 37 languages, Guinness World Records is the world's best selling copyright book ever.[9]
Japanese competitive eater Takeru Kobayashi with two Guinness World Record certificates
The North Beach (Nazaré, Portugal) listed on the Guinness World Records for the biggest waves ever surfed.
Because the book became a surprise hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October, in time for Christmas. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years. Both brothers had an encyclopedic memory; on the TV series Record Breakers, based upon the book, they would take questions posed by children in the audience on various world records and were able to give the correct answer. Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975.[10] Following Ross' assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called Norris on the Spot.
Guinness Superlatives (later Guinness World Records) Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the Guinness book in the US for decades. The group was owned by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002. In 2006, Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World Records in early 2008 to the Jim Pattison Group, the parent company of Ripley Entertainment, which is licensed to operate Guinness World Records' Attractions. With offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records' global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US.
Evolution[edit]
Lucky Diamond Rich is "the world's most tattooed person", and has tattoos covering his entire body. He holds the Guinness world record as of 2006[update], being 100 percent tattooed.
Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors. Competitions range from obvious ones such as Olympic weightlifting to the longest egg tossing distances, or for longest time spent playing Grand Theft Auto IV or the number of hot dogs that can be consumed in ten minutes, although eating and alcohol consumption entries are no longer accepted, possibly for fear of litigation. Besides records about competitions, it contains such facts as the heaviest tumour, the most poisonous plant, the shortest river (Roe River), the two longest-running dramas (General Hospital and Guiding Light) in the US, and the world's most successful salesman (Joe Girard), among others. Many records also relate to the youngest person who achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world, being Maurizio Giuliano.[11]
Clyde Beatty holds the record for mixing 40 lions and tigers in one cage with himself
Each edition contains a selection of the records from the Guinness database, as well as select new records; the criteria for inclusion having changed over the years.
The ousting of Norris McWhirter from his consulting role in 1995 and the subsequent decision by Diageo Plc to sell the Guinness World Records brand have shifted it from a text-oriented to an illustrated reference book ("style over substance"). The majority of world records are no longer listed in the book or on the website, and can only be determined by a written application to Guinness to 'break' the record. For those unable to wait the 4–6 weeks for a reply, Guinness will process a 'fast-track' application for £300 (US$450).
The Guinness Book of Records is the world's most sold copyrighted book, earning it an entry within its own pages. A number of spin-off books and television series have also been produced.
Guinness World Records bestowed the record of "Person with the most records" on Ashrita Furman of Queens, NY in April 2009. At that time, he held 100 records.[12]
In 2005, Guinness designated 9 November as International Guinness World Records Day to encourage breaking of world records.[13] In 2006, an estimated 100,000 people participated in over 10 countries. Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months, which was a 173% increase over the previous year.[13] In February 2008, NBC aired The Top 100 Guinness World Records of All Time and Guinness World Records made the complete list available on their website.[14]
Defining records[edit]
Sultan Kösen (Turkey) is the tallest living person since 17 September 2009, as verified by Guinness World Records.
Play media
Cracking open a wheel of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese as a part of a 2013 world record by Whole Foods Market.[15]
For many records, Guinness World Records is the effective authority on the exact requirements for them and with whom records reside, the company providing adjudicators to events to determine the veracity of record attempts. The list of records which the Guinness World Records covers is not fixed; records may be added and also removed for various reasons. The public are invited to submit applications for records, which can be either the bettering of existing records or substantial achievements which could constitute a new record.[2] The company also provides corporate services for companies to "harness the power of record-breaking to deliver tangible success for their businesses."[16]
Ethical and safety issues[edit]
Steven Petrosino drinking 1 litre of beer in 1.3 seconds in June 1977.[17][18] Petrosino set record times for 250 ml, 500 ml and 1.5 litres as well, but Guinness accepted only the record for one litre. They later dropped all beer and alcohol records from their compendium in 1991, and reinstated the records in 2008.
Guinness World Records states several types of records it will not accept for ethical reasons, such as those related to the killing or harming of animals.[19]
Several world records that were once included in the book have been removed for ethical reasons, including concerns for the well being of potential record breakers. For example, following publication of a "heaviest fish" record, many fish owners overfed their pets beyond the bounds of what was healthy, and therefore such entries were removed.[20] The Guinness Book also dropped records within their "eating and drinking records" section of Human Achievements in 1991 over concerns that potential competitors could harm themselves and expose the publisher to potential litigation.[21] These changes included the removal of all spirit, wine, and beer drinking records, along with other unusual records for consuming such unlikely things as bicycles and trees.[21] Other records, such as sword swallowing and rally driving (on public roads), were closed from further entry as the current holders had performed beyond what are considered safe human tolerance levels.
There have been instances of closed records being reopened. For example, the sword swallowing record was listed as closed in the 1990 Guinness Book of World Records, but the Guinness World Records Primetime TV show, which started in 1998, accepted three sword swallowing challenges (and so did the 2007 edition of the Guinness World Records onwards). Similarly, the speed beer drinking records which were dropped from the book in 1991, reappeared 17 years later in the 2008 edition, but were moved from the "Human Achievements" section of the older book[22] to the "Modern Society" section of the newer edition.[23]
As of 2011[update], it is required in the guidelines of all "large food" type records that the item be fully edible, and distributed to the public for consumption, to prevent food wastage.[2][dead link]
Chain letters are also not allowed: "Guinness World Records does not accept any records relating to chain letters, sent by post or e-mail. If you receive a letter or an e-mail, which may promise to publish the names of all those who send it on, please destroy it, it is a hoax. No matter if it says that Guinness World Records and the postal service are involved, they are not."[2]
Difficulty in defining records[edit]
For some potential categories, Guinness World Records has declined to list some records that are too difficult or impossible to determine. For example, its website states: "We do not accept any claims for beauty as it is not objectively measurable."[19]
On 10 December 2010, Guinness World Records stopped its new "dreadlock" category after investigation of its first and only female title holder, Asha Mandela, determining it was impossible to judge this record accurately.[24]
Verifying existing records[edit]
Guinness World Records website publishes selected records and is not supposed to be used for the record verification purposes, as it explains: "There are more than 40,000 current records in our database and we try our best to feature as many as possible online. We currently include over 15,000 records online which we update every week, so make sure to check the site regularly!". The book printed annually contains only 4000 records. The only way to verify a record is by contacting Guinness, expecting average response time of 2 weeks.[25]
Museums[edit]
Guinness Museum in Hollywood
In 1976, a Guinness Book of World Records museum opened in the Empire State Building. Speed shooter Bob Munden then went on tour promoting The Guinness Book of World Records by performing his record fast draws with a standard weight single-action revolver from a western movie type holster. His fastest time for a draw was 0.02 seconds.[26] Among exhibits were life-size statues of the world's tallest man (Robert Wadlow) and world's largest earth worm, an X-ray photo of a sword swallower, repeated lightning strike victim Roy Sullivan's hat complete with lightning holes and a pair of gem-studded golf shoes on sale for $6500.[27] The museum closed in 1995.[28]
In more recent years, the Guinness company has permitted the franchising of small museums with displays based on the book, all currently (as of 2010[update]) located in towns popular with tourists: Tokyo, Copenhagen, San Antonio. There were once Guinness World Records museums and exhibitions at the London Trocadero, Bangalore, San Francisco, Myrtle Beach, Orlando,[29] Atlantic City, New Jersey,[30] and Las Vegas, Nevada.[31] The Orlando museum, which closed in 2002, was branded The Guinness Records Experience;[29] the Hollywood, Niagara Falls, Copenhagen, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee museums also previously featured this branding.[31]
Television series[edit]
Guinness World Records has commissioned various television series documenting world record breaking attempts, including:
Country
Name
Network
Broadcast
Host(s)
Australia Australia's Guinness World Records Seven Network 2005 Grant Denyer
Shelley Craft
Australia Smashes Guinness World Records 2010 James Kerley
Bulgaria Световните рекорди Гинес bTV 2006–2007 Krasimir Vankov
China The Night of Guinness in China CCTV 2006– Wang Xuechun
Zhu Xun
Lin Hai
France L'émission des records (1999–2002)
L'été des records (2001) TF1 1999–2002 Vincent Perrot
L'été de tous les records (2003–2005)
50 ans, 50 records (2004) France 3 2003–2005 Pierre Sled
La nuit des records France 2 2006 Olivier Minne
Adriana Karembeu
Le monde des records W9 2008–2010 Alexandre Devoise
Karine Ferri
Les trésors du livre des records Gulli 2015 Fauve Hautot
Willy Rovelli
Germany Guinness World Records - Die größten Weltrekorde RTL Television 2004–2008 Oliver Welke (2004)
Oliver Geissen (2005–2008)
India Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega Colors TV 2011 Preity Zinta
Shabbir Ahluwalia
Italy Lo show dei record Canale 5 2006 (pilot)
2008–2012
2015 Barbara d'Urso (1–2)
Paola Perego (3)
Gerry Scotti (4, 6)
Teo Mammucari (5)
New Zealand NZ Smashes Guinness World Records TV2 2009 Marc Ellis
Philippines Guinness Book of World Records Philippine Edition ABC 2004 Cookie Calabig
Poland Światowe Rekordy Guinnessa Polsat 2009–2011 Maciej Dowbor
Portugal Guinness World Records Portugal SIC 2014 Rita Andrade
João Ricardo
Spain El show de los récords Antena 3 2001–2002 Mar Saura
Manu Carreño
Mónica Martínez
Guinness World Records Telecinco 2009 Carmen Alcayde
Luis Alfonso Muñoz
Sweden Guinness rekord-TV TV3 1999–2000 Mårten Andersson (1999)
Linda Nyberg (1999)
Harald Treutiger (2000)
Suzanne Sjögren (2000)
United Kingdom Record Breakers BBC1 1972–2001 Roy Castle (1972–1993)
Norris McWhirter (1972–85)
Ross McWhirter (1972–75)
Guinness World Records (UK) ITV 1999–2001 Ian Wright
Kate Charman
Ultimate Guinness World Records Challenge 2004 Jamie Rickers
Guinness World Records Smashed Sky1 2008–2009 Steve Jones
Konnie Huq
Totally Bonkers Guinness Book of Records ITV2 2012–2015 Matt Edmondson
Officially Amazing CBBC 2013– Ben Shires
United States The Guinness Game Syndicated 1979–1980 Bob Hilton
Don Galloway
Guinness World Records Primetime Fox 1998–2001 Cris Collinsworth
Mark Thompson
Guinness World Records Unleashed / Gone Wild truTV 2013–2014 Dan Cortese
Specials:
Guinness World Records: 50 Years, 50 Records - on ITV (UK), 11 September 2004
With the popularity of reality television, Guinness World Records began to market itself as the originator of the television genre, with slogans such as we wrote the book on Reality TV.
Suresh Joachim Arulanantham is a Tamil Canadian film actor and producer and multiple-Guinness World Record holder who has broken over 50 world records set in several countries in attempts to benefit the underprivileged children around the world. Some world record attempts are more unusual than others: he is pictured here minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton.
Gamer's edition[edit]
Not to be confused with Guinness World Records: The Video Game.
In 2008, Guinness World Records released its gamer's edition in association with Twin Galaxies. The Gamer's Edition contains 258 pages, over 1236 video game related world records and four interviews including one with Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day. The most recent edition is the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition, 2018, which was released August 29, 2017.
British pop music volume[edit]
Main article: British Hit Singles & Albums
The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums was published from 2003 to 2006, based on two earlier, separate HiT publications, British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums, which began in 1977. It was effectively replaced (in singles part) by the Virgin Book of British Hit Singles from 2007 onward.
Other media[edit]
Video games[edit]
A video game, Guinness World Records: The Video Game, was developed by TT Fusion and released for Nintendo DS, Wii and iOS in November 2008.
Film[edit]
In 2012, Warner Bros. announced the development of a live-action film version of Guinness World Records with Daniel Chun as scriptwriter. The film version will apparently use the heroic achievements of record holders as the basis for a narrative that should have global appeal.[32]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Corporate". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 19 March 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Frequently Asked Questions". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "The History of the Book". Guinness Record Book Collecting. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Fionn Davenport (2010). Ireland. Lonely Planet. p. 193. ISBN 9781742203508.
Jump up ^ "Early history of Guinness World Records". 2005. p. 2. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007.
Jump up ^ Cavendish, Richard (August 2005). "Publication of the Guinness Book of Records: 27 August 1955". History Today. 55.
Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2005. Guinness; 50th Anniversary edition. 2004. p. 6. ISBN 1892051222.
Jump up ^ "Guinness Book History 1950 - Present". spyhunter007.com.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Records Corporate - Home". guinnessworldrecords.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Record Breakers' McWhirter dies". BBC News. 20 April 2004. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Guinness Book of World Records (UK ed.). 2006. p. 126.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Records honors one man's historic milestone – 100 Records Broken! – Guinness World Records Blog post". community.guinnessworldrecords.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records Shatter Across the Globe in Honor of Guinness World Records Day 2006". Retrieved 29 April 2007.
Jump up ^ Guinness World Records Live: Top 100. Guinness World Records. Retrieved on 6 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "Whey to go: Whole Foods Market® cracks Parmigiano Reggiano Guinness World Records® Title". Yahoo Finance. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Records Corportate". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Beer Record". 11 June 2004. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "Video clip". Retrieved 29 April 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "IS YOUR PROPOSAL A POTENTIAL GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS™ ACHIEVEMENT?". "Guinness World Records". Retrieved 10 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Fish World Records[dead link]. Fish-World. Retrieved on 19 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Guinness Book of World Records. 1990. p. 464.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Record Book Entry". Guinness World Beer Record. 11 June 2004. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Guinness World Record Book Entry 2008". Guinness World Beer Record. 11 June 2004. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Longest Dreadlock Record – Rested – Guinness World Records Blog post – Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats". Community.guinnessworldrecords.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bob Munden • Six-Gun Magic Custom Gunsmithing - Bob & Becky Munden - Six-Gun Magic Gunwork". bobmunden.com.
Jump up ^ In Praise of Facts, by John Leonard, the introduction to the New York Times Desk Reference
Jump up ^ "Travel & Outdoors - The Good, The Bad, The Ugly: A 1995 Travel Retrospective - Seattle Times Newspaper". nwsource.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Robert H. "The Guinness World Records Experience: one of Florida's Lost Tourist Attractions". Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ Ripley Entertainment, Inc. "Guinness World Records Experience locations". Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Ripley Entertainment, Inc. (20 November 2002). "Guinness World Records Experience locations". Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 20 November 2002. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Guinness Book of World Records could be next big brand name to hit cinemas". Guardian. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guinness World Records.
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text:
Love or Let Me Be Lonely
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Love or Let Me Be Lonely"
Single by The Friends of Distinction
from the album Real Friends
B-side
"This Generation"
Released
March 1970
Format
7" single
Genre
Pop, R&B
Length
3:14
Label
RCA Victor 74-0319
Songwriter(s)
Skip Scarborough, Jerry Peters, Anita Poree
The Friends of Distinction singles chronology
"Going in Circles/Let Yourself Go"
(1969) "Love or Let Me Be Lonely"
(1970) "Time Waits For No One"
(1970)
"Going in Circles/Let Yourself Go"
(1969) "Love or Let Me Be Lonely"
(1970) "Time Waits For No One"
(1970)
"Love or Let Me Be Lonely" is a pop song recorded by the soul group The Friends of Distinction and released as a single in early 1970. The song was a multi-format success, peaking in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 at #6[1] and at #13 on the R&B chart.[2] On the Adult Contemporary singles charts, "Love or Let Me Lonely" went to #9.[3] The song is ranked as the 63rd biggest hit of 1970.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 Paul Davis version
2.1 Chart performance
3 References
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[5] 6
U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary[6] 9
U.S. R&B Singles 13
U.S. Cash Box Top 100 8
Australia 55
Canadian RPM Top Singles[7] 2
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Rank
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[8] 63
U.S. Cash Box[9] 55
Canada[10] 35
Paul Davis version[edit]
The song returned to the charts in the summer of 1982 in a version by Paul Davis, which reached number 40 on the Hot 100[11] and number 11 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart.[12]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1982)
Peak
position
Canada RPM Adult Contemporary[13] 29
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[14] 40
U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary 11
U.S. Cash Box Top 100 41
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 219.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 98.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1970/Top 100 Songs of 1970". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Billboard Adult Contemporary, April 18, 1970
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1970/Top 100 Songs of 1970". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1970". 50.6.195.142. 1970-12-26. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 72.
Jump up ^ RPM Adult Contemporary, August 28, 1982
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
[show]
v
t
e
The Friends of Distinction
Harry Elston
Floyd Butler
Jessica Cleaves
Barbara Jean Love
Charlene Gibson
Studio albums
Grazin' (1969)
Highly Distinct (1969)
Real Friends (1970)
Whatever (1970)
Friends & People (1971)
Singles
"Grazing in the Grass"
"Going in Circles"
"Love or Let Me Be Lonely"
[show]
v
t
e
Paul Davis
Studio albums
Cool Night
Singles
"A Little Bit of Soap"
"I Go Crazy"
"Sweet Life"
"Cool Night"
"'65 Love Affair"
"Love or Let Me Be Lonely"
Related articles
"You're Still New to Me"
"I Won't Take Less Than Your Love"
Book:Paul Davis
This 1970s R&B/soul music song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love_or_Let_Me_Be_Lonely&oldid=789570572"
Categories:
1970 singles
1982 singles
The Friends of Distinction songs
Paul Davis (singer) songs
Songs written by Skip Scarborough
Songs written by Jerry Peters
Music published by MPL Music Publishing
1970 songs
RCA Victor singles
Songs written by Anita Poree
1970s R&B song stubs
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This page was last edited on 8 July 2017, at 04:08.
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