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Mars Orbiter Mission
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This article is about the Mars probe from India. For other Mars orbiters, see List of Mars orbiters and List of missions to Mars.
Mars Orbiter Mission
मंगलयान
Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft (illustration)
Names
Mangalyaan
Mission type
Mars orbiter
Operator
ISRO
COSPAR ID
2013-060A
SATCAT no.
39370
Website
www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission
Mission duration
Planned: 6 months[1]
Elapsed: 3 years, 11 months, 5 days
Spacecraft properties
Bus
I-1K[2]
Manufacturer
ISAC
Launch mass
1,337.2 kg (2,948 lb)[3]
BOL mass
≈550 kg (1,210 lb)[4]
Dry mass
482.5 kg (1,064 lb)[3]
Payload mass
13.4 kg (30 lb)[3]
Dimensions
1.5 m (4.9 ft) cube
Power
840 watts[2]
Start of mission
Launch date
5 November 2013, 09:08 (2013-11-05UTC09:08) UTC[5]
Rocket
PSLV-XL C25[6]
Launch site
Satish Dhawan FLP
Contractor
ISRO
Mars orbiter
Orbital insertion
24 September 2014, 02:00 UTC[7]
MSD 50027 06:27 AMT
1435 days / 1397 sols
Orbit parameters
Periareon
421.7 km (262.0 mi)[8]
Apoareon
76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi)[8]
Inclination
150.0° [8]
showInstruments
MCC
Mars Colour Camera
TIS
Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
MSM
Methane Sensor for Mars
MENCA
Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser
LAP
Lyman Alpha Photometer
Indian missions to Mars
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 →
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft", from Sanskrit: मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"),[9][10] is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[11][12][13][14] It is India's first interplanetary mission[15] and ISRO has also become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency.[16][17] It is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt.[18][19][20][21]
The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC on 5 November 2013.[22] The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013.[5] The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC).[23] After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was successfully inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The mission is a "technology demonstrator" project to develop the technologies for designing, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission.[24] It carries five instruments that will help advance knowledge about Mars to achieve its secondary, scientific objective.[25] The spacecraft is currently being monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bangalore with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Byalalu, Karnataka.[26]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Cost
2 Mission objectives
2.1 Scientific objectives
3 Spacecraft design
4 Payload
5 Telemetry and command
5.1 Communications
6 Mission profile
6.1 Launch
6.2 Orbit raising manoeuvres
6.3 Trans-Mars injection
6.4 Trajectory correction maneuvers
6.5 Mars orbit insertion
7 Status
8 Recognition
9 Follow-up mission
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
On 23 November 2008, the first public acknowledgement of an unmanned mission to Mars was announced by then-ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair.[27] The MOM mission concept began with a feasibility study in 2010 by the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology after the launch of lunar satellite Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh approved the project on 3 August 2012,[28][29] after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed ₹125 crore (US$18 million) of required studies for the orbiter.[30] The total project cost may be up to ₹454 crore (US$66 million).[11][31] The satellite costs ₹153 crore (US$22 million) and the rest of the budget has been attributed to ground stations and relay upgrades that will be used for other ISRO projects.[32]
The space agency had planned the launch on 28 October 2013 but was postponed to 5 November following the delay in ISRO's spacecraft tracking ships to take up pre-determined positions due to poor weather in the Pacific Ocean.[5] Launch opportunities for a fuel-saving Hohmann transfer orbit occur every 26 months, in this case the next two would be in 2016 and 2018.[33]
Assembly of the PSLV-XL launch vehicle, designated C25, started on 5 August 2013.[34] The mounting of the five scientific instruments was completed at Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre, Bangalore, and the finished spacecraft was shipped to Sriharikota on 2 October 2013 for integration to the PSLV-XL launch vehicle.[34] The satellite's development was fast-tracked and completed in a record 15 months.[35] Despite the US federal government shutdown, NASA reaffirmed on 5 October 2013 it would provide communications and navigation support to the mission.[36] During a meeting on 30 September 2014, NASA and ISRO officials signed an agreement to establish a pathway for future joint missions to explore Mars. One of the working group's objectives will be to explore potential coordinated observations and science analysis between the MAVEN orbiter and MOM, as well as other current and future Mars missions.[37]
Cost[edit]
The total cost of the mission was approximately ₹450 Crore (US$73 million),[38][39] making it the least-expensive Mars mission to date.[40] The low cost of the mission was ascribed by K. Radhakrishnan, the chairman of ISRO, to various factors, including a "modular approach", few ground tests and long (18–20 hour) working days for scientists.[41] BBC's Jonathan Amos mentioned lower worker costs, home-grown technologies, simpler design, and a significantly less complicated payload than NASA's MAVEN.[25]
Mission objectives[edit]
Artist's rendering of the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft, with Mars in the background.
The primary objective of the mission is to develop the technologies required for designing, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission.[24] The secondary objective is to explore Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere using indigenous scientific instruments.[42]

The main objectives are to develop the technologies required for designing, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission comprising the following major tasks:[43]:42
Orbit manoeuvres to transfer the spacecraft from Earth-centred orbit to heliocentric trajectory and finally, capture into Martian orbit
Development of force models and algorithms for orbit and attitude computations and analysis
Navigation in all phases
Maintain the spacecraft in all phases of the mission
Meeting power, communications, thermal and payload operation requirements
Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations
Scientific objectives[edit]
The scientific objectives deal with the following major aspects:[43]:43
Exploration of Mars surface features by studying the morphology, topography and mineralogy
Study the constituents of Martian atmosphere including methane and CO2 using remote sensing techniques
Study the dynamics of the upper atmosphere of Mars, effects of solar wind and radiation and the escape of volatiles to outer space
The mission would also provide multiple opportunities to observe the Martian moon Phobos and also offer an opportunity to identify and re-estimate the orbits of asteroids seen during the Martian Transfer Trajectory.[43]:43
Spacecraft design[edit]
Mass: The lift-off mass was 1,337.2 kg (2,948 lb), including 852 kg (1,878 lb) of propellant.[3]
Bus: The spacecraft's bus is a modified I-1 K structure and propulsion hardware configuration, similar to Chandrayaan-1, India's lunar orbiter that operated from 2008 to 2009, with specific improvements and upgrades needed for a Mars mission.[42] The satellite structure is constructed of an aluminium and composite fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) sandwich construction.
Power: Electric power is generated by three solar array panels of 1.8 m × 1.4 m (5 ft 11 in × 4 ft 7 in) each (7.56 m2 (81.4 sq ft) total), for a maximum of 840 watts of power generation in Mars orbit. Electricity is stored in a 36 Ah Lithium-ion battery.[2]
Propulsion: A liquid fuel engine with a thrust of 440 newtons is used for orbit raising and insertion into Mars orbit. The orbiter also has eight 22-newton thrusters for attitude control.[44] Its propellant mass at launch is 852 kg (1,878 lb).[2]
Payload[edit]
Scientific instruments
LAP Lyman-Alpha Photometer 1.97 kg (4.3 lb)
MSM Methane Sensor for Mars (defective)[45] 2.94 kg (6.5 lb)
MENCA Mars Exospheric Neutral
Composition Analyser 3.56 kg (7.8 lb)
TIS Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 3.20 kg (7.1 lb)
MCC Mars Colour Camera 1.27 kg (2.8 lb)
Play media
Animated assembly of Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft
The 15 kg (33 lb) scientific payload consists of five instruments:[46][47][48]
Atmospheric studies:
Lyman-Alpha Photometer (LAP) – a photometer that measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from Lyman-alpha emissions in the upper atmosphere. Measuring the deuterium/hydrogen ratio will allow an estimation of the amount of water loss to outer space. The nominal plan to operate LAP is between the ranges of approximately 3,000 km (1,900 mi) before and after Mars periapsis. Minimum observation duration for achieving LAP's science goals is 60 minutes per orbit during normal range of operation. The objectives of this instrument are as follows:[43]:56,57
Estimation of D/H ratio
Estimation of escape flux of H2 corona
Generation of hydrogen and deuterium coronal profiles.
Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) – was meant to measure methane in the atmosphere of Mars, if any, and map its sources with an accuracy of parts-per-billion (ppb).[46] After entering Mars orbit it was determined that the instrument was not capable of detecting methane.[45][43]:57 The instrument was repurposed as an albedo mapper.[45][49]
Particle environment studies:
Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) – is a quadrupole mass analyser capable of analysing the neutral composition of particles in the range of 1–300 amu (atomic mass unit) with unit mass resolution. The heritage of this payload is from Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHANCE) payload aboard the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) in Chandrayaan-1 mission. MENCA is planned to perform five observations per orbit with one hour per observation.[43]:58
Surface imaging studies:
Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS) – TIS measures the thermal emission and can be operated during both day and night. It would map surface composition and mineralogy of Mars and also monitor atmospheric CO
2 and turbidity (required for the correction of MSM data). Temperature and emissivity are the two basic physical parameters estimated from thermal emission measurement. Many minerals and soil types have characteristic spectra in TIR region. TIS can map surface composition and mineralogy of Mars.[43]:59
Mars Colour Camera (MCC) – This tricolour camera gives images and information about the surface features and composition of Martian surface. It is useful to monitor the dynamic events and weather of Mars like dust storms/atmospheric turbidity. MCC will also be used for probing the two satellites of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. MCC would provide context information for other science payloads. MCC images are to be acquired whenever MSM and TIS data is acquired. Seven Apoareion Imaging of the entire disc and multiple Periareion images of 540 km × 540 km (340 mi × 340 mi) are planned in every orbit.[43]:58
Telemetry and command[edit]
Further information: Telemetry and Telecommand
The ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network performed navigation and tracking operations for the launch with ground stations at Sriharikota, Port Blair, Brunei and Biak in Indonesia,[50] and after the spacecraft's apogee became more than 100,000 km, an 18 m (59 ft) and a 32 m (105 ft) diameter antenna of the Indian Deep Space Network were utilised.[51] The 18 m (59 ft) dish antenna was used for communication with the craft until April 2014, after which the larger 32 m (105 ft) antenna was used.[52] NASA's Deep Space Network is providing position data through its three stations located in Canberra, Madrid and Goldstone on the US West Coast during the non-visible period of ISRO's network.[53] The South African National Space Agency's (SANSA) Hartebeesthoek (HBK) ground station is also providing satellite tracking, telemetry and command services.[54]
Communications[edit]
Communications are handled by two 230-watt TWTAs and two coherent transponders. The antenna array consists of a low-gain antenna, a medium-gain antenna and a high-gain antenna. The high-gain antenna system is based on a single 2.2-metre (7 ft 3 in) reflector illuminated by a feed at S-band. It is used to transmit and receive the telemetry, tracking, commanding and data to and from the Indian Deep Space Network.[2]
Mission profile[edit]
Timeline of Operations
Phase
Date
Event
Detail
Result
References
Geocentric phase 5 November 2013 09:08 UTC Launch Burn time: 15:35 min in 5 stages Apogee: 23,550 km (14,630 mi) [55]
6 November 2013 19:47 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre Burn time: 416 sec Apogee: 28,825 km (17,911 mi) [56]
7 November 2013 20:48 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre Burn time: 570.6 sec Apogee: 40,186 km (24,970 mi) [57][58]
8 November 2013 20:40 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre Burn time: 707 sec Apogee: 71,636 km (44,513 mi) [57][59]
10 November 2013 20:36 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre Incomplete burn Apogee: 78,276 km (48,638 mi) [60]
11 November 2013 23:33 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre
(supplementary) Burn time: 303.8 sec Apogee: 118,642 km (73,721 mi) [57]
15 November 2013 19:57 UTC Orbit raising manoeuvre Burn time: 243.5 sec Apogee: 192,874 km (119,846 mi) [57][61]
30 November 2013, 19:19 UTC Trans-Mars injection Burn time: 1328.89 sec Successful heliocentric insertion [62]
Heliocentric phase December 2013 – September 2014 En route to Mars – The probe travelled a distance of 780,000,000 kilometres (480,000,000 mi) in a Hohmann transfer orbit[33] around the Sun to reach Mars.[52] This phase plan included up to four trajectory corrections if needed. [63][64][65][66][67]
11 December 2013 01:00 UTC 1st Trajectory correction Burn time: 40.5 sec Success [57][65][66][67]
9 April 2014 2nd Trajectory correction (planned) Not required Rescheduled for 11 June 2014 [64][67][68][69][70]
11 June 2014 11:00 UTC 2nd Trajectory correction Burn time: 16 sec Success [68][71]
August 2014 3rd Trajectory correction (planned) Not required[68][72] [64][67]
22 September 2014 3rd Trajectory correction Burn time: 4 sec Success [64][67][73]
Areocentric phase 24 September 2014 Mars orbit insertion Burn time: 1388.67 sec Success [8]
Launch[edit]
As originally conceived, ISRO was to launch MOM on its Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV),[74] but as the GSLV failed twice in 2010 and ISRO was continuing to sort out issues with its cryogenic engine,[75] it was not advisable to wait for the new batch of rockets as that would have delayed the MOM project for at least three years.[76] ISRO opted to switch to the less-powerful Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Since the PSLV was not powerful enough to place MOM on a direct-to-Mars trajectory, the spacecraft was launched into a highly elliptical Earth orbit and used its own thrusters over multiple perigee burns (to take advantage of the Oberth effect) to place itself on a trans-Mars trajectory.[74]
On 19 October 2013, ISRO chairman K. Radhakrishnan announced that the launch had to be postponed by a week as a result of a delay of a crucial telemetry ship reaching Fiji. The launch was rescheduled for 5 November 2013.[5] ISRO's PSLV-XL placed the satellite into Earth orbit at 09:50 UTC on 5 November 2013,[30] with a perigee of 264.1 km (164.1 mi), an apogee of 23,903.6 km (14,853.0 mi), and inclination of 19.20 degrees,[55] with both the antenna and all three sections of the solar panel arrays deployed.[77] During the first three orbit raising operations, ISRO progressively tested the spacecraft systems.[61]
The orbiter's dry mass is 500 kg (1,100 lb), and it carried 852 kg (1,878 lb) of fuel and oxidiser at launch. Its main engine, which is a derivative of the system used on India's communications satellites, uses the bipropellant combination monomethylhydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide to achieve the thrust necessary for escape velocity from Earth. It was also used to slow down the probe for Mars orbit insertion and, subsequently, for orbit corrections.
Orbit raising manoeuvres[edit]
Orbit trajectory diagram (not to scale).
Animation of Mars Orbiter Mission's trajectory from 5 November 2013 to 28 March 2015
Mars Orbiter Mission · Mars · Earth · Sun
Several orbit raising operations were conducted from the Spacecraft Control Centre (SCC) at the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Peenya, Bangalore on 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 16 November by using the spacecraft's on-board propulsion system and a series of perigee burns. The first three of the five planned orbit raising manoeuvres were completed with nominal results, while the fourth was only partially successful. However, a subsequent supplementary manoeuvre raised the orbit to the intended altitude aimed for in the original fourth manoeuvre. A total of six burns were completed while the spacecraft remained in Earth orbit, with a seventh burn conducted on 30 November to insert MOM into a heliocentric orbit for its transit to Mars.
The first orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed on 6 November 2013 at 19:47 UTC when the spacecraft's 440-newton (99 lbf) liquid engine was fired for 416 seconds. With this engine firing, the spacecraft's apogee was raised to 28,825 km (17,911 mi), with a perigee of 252 km (157 mi).[56]
The second orbit raising manoeuvre was performed on 7 November 2013 at 20:48 UTC, with a burn time of 570.6 seconds resulting in an apogee of 40,186 km (24,970 mi).[57][58]
The third orbit raising manoeuvre was performed on 8 November 2013 at 20:40 UTC, with a burn time of 707 seconds, resulting in an apogee of 71,636 km (44,513 mi).[57][59]
The fourth orbit raising manoeuvre, starting at 20:36 UTC on 10 November 2013, imparted an incremental velocity of 35 m/s (110 ft/s) to the spacecraft instead of the planned 135 m/s (440 ft/s) as a result of underburn by the motor.[60][78] Because of this, the apogee was boosted to 78,276 km (48,638 mi) instead of the planned 100,000 km (62,000 mi).[60] When testing the redundancies built-in for the propulsion system, the flow to the liquid engine stopped, with consequent reduction in incremental velocity. During the fourth orbit burn, the primary and redundant coils of the solenoid flow control valve of 440 newton liquid engine and logic for thrust augmentation by the attitude control thrusters were being tested. When both primary and redundant coils were energised together during the planned modes, the flow to the liquid engine stopped. Operating both the coils simultaneously is not possible for future operations, however they could be operated independently of each other, in sequence.[61]
As a result of the fourth planned burn coming up short, an additional unscheduled burn was performed on 12 November 2013 that increased the apogee to 118,642 km (73,721 mi),[57][61] a slightly higher altitude than originally intended in the fourth manoeuvre.[57][79] The apogee was raised to 192,874 km (119,846 mi) on 15 November 2013, 19:57 UTC in the final orbit raising manoeuvre.[57][79]
Trans-Mars injection[edit]
Further information: Trans-Mars injection
On 30 November 2013 at 19:19 UTC, a 23-minute engine firing initiated the transfer of MOM away from Earth orbit and on heliocentric trajectory toward Mars.[23] The probe travelled a distance of 780,000,000 kilometres (480,000,000 mi) to reach Mars.[80]
Trajectory correction maneuvers[edit]
Four trajectory corrections were originally planned, but only three were carried out.[64] The first trajectory correction manoeuvre (TCM) was carried out on 11 December 2013 at 01:00 UTC by firing the 22-newton (4.9 lbf) thrusters for a duration of 40.5 seconds.[57] After this event, MOM was following the designed trajectory so closely that the trajectory correction manoeuvre planned in April 2014 was not required. The second trajectory correction manoeuvre was performed on 11 June 2014 at 11:00 UTC by firing the spacecraft's 22 newton thrusters for a duration of 16 seconds.[81] The third planned trajectory correction manoeuvre was postponed, due to the orbiter's trajectory closely matching the planned trajectory.[82] The third trajectory correction was also a deceleration test 3.9 seconds long on 22 September 2014.[73]
Mars orbit insertion[edit]
Animation of Mars Orbiter Mission's trajectory around Mars from 24 September 2014 to 28 March 2015
Mars Orbiter Mission · Mars
The plan was for an insertion into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014,[7][83] approximately 2 days after the arrival of NASA's MAVEN orbiter.[84] The 440-newton liquid apogee motor was successfully test fired on 22 September at 09:00 UTC for 3.968 seconds, about 41 hours before actual orbit insertion.[83][85][86]
Date
Time (UTC)
Event
23 September 2014 10:47:32 Satellite communication switched to medium gain antenna
24 September 2014 01:26:32 Forward rotation started for deceleration burn
01:42:19 Eclipse started
01:44:32 Attitude control manoeuvre performed with thrusters
01:47:32 Liquid Apogee Motor starts firing
02:11:46 Liquid Apogee Motor stops firing
After these events, the spacecraft performed a reverse manoeuvre to reorient from its deceleration burn and successfully entered Martian orbit.[8][87][4]
Status[edit]
The orbit insertion put MOM in a highly elliptical orbit around Mars, with a period of 72 hours 51 minutes 51 seconds, a periapsis of 421.7 km (262.0 mi) and apoapsis of 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi).[8] At the end of the orbit insertion, MOM was left with 40 kg (88 lb) of fuel on board, more than the 20 kg (44 lb) necessary for a six-month mission.[88]
On 28 September 2014, MOM controllers published the spacecraft's first global view of Mars. The image was captured by the Mars Colour Camera (MCC).[89]
On 7 October 2014, the ISRO altered MOM's orbit so as to move it behind Mars for Comet Siding Spring's flyby of the planet on 19 October 2014. The spacecraft consumed 1.9 kg (4 lb) of fuel for the manoeuvre. As a result, MOM's apoapsis was reduced to 72,000 km (45,000 mi).[90] After the comet passed by Mars, ISRO reported that MOM remained healthy.[91]
On 4 March 2015, the ISRO reported that the MSM instrument was functioning normally and are studying Mars' albedo, the reflectivity of the planet's surface. The Mars Colour Camera was also returning new images of the Martian surface.[92][93]
On 24 March 2015, MOM completed its initial six-month mission in orbit around Mars. ISRO extended the mission by an additional six months; the spacecraft has 37 kg (82 lb) of propellant remaining and all five of its scientific instruments are working properly.[94] The orbiter can reportedly continue orbiting Mars for several years with its remaining propellant.[95]
A 17-day communications blackout occurred from 6 to 22 June 2015 while Mars' orbit took it behind the Sun from Earth's view.[43]:52
On 24 September 2015, ISRO released its "Mars Atlas", a 120-page scientific atlas containing images and data from the Mars Orbiter Mission's first year in orbit.[96]
In March 2016, the first science results of the mission were published in Geophysical Research Letters, presenting measurements obtained by the spacecraft's MENCA instrument of the Martian exosphere.[97][98]
On 17 January 2017, MOM's orbit was altered to avoid the impending eclipse season. With a burn of eight 22 N thrusters for 431 seconds, resulting in a velocity difference of 97.5 metres per second (351 km/h) using 20 kilograms (44 lb) of propellant (leaving 13 kg remaining), eclipses will be avoided until September 2017. The battery is able to handle eclipses of up to 100 minutes.[99]
On 19 May 2017, MOM reached 1,000 days (973 sols) in orbit around Mars. In that time, the spacecraft completed 388 orbits of the planet and relayed more than 715 images back to Earth. ISRO officials stated that it remains in good health.[100]
Recognition[edit]
In 2014, China referred to India's successful Mars Orbiter Mission as the "pride of Asia".[101] The Mars Orbiter Mission team won US-based National Space Society's 2015 Space Pioneer Award in the science and engineering category. NSS said the award was given as the Indian agency successfully executed a Mars mission in its first attempt; and the spacecraft is in an elliptical orbit with a high apoapsis where, with its high resolution camera, it is taking full-disk colour imagery of Mars. Very few full disk images have ever been taken in the past, mostly on approach to the planet, as most imaging is done looking straight down in mapping mode. These images will aid planetary scientists.[102][103][104]
An illustration of the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft is featured on the reverse of the ₹2,000 currency note of India.[105]
An image taken by the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft was the cover photo of the November 2016 issue of National Geographic magazine, for their story "Mars: Race to the Red Planet".[106][107]
Follow-up mission[edit]
ISRO plans to develop and launch a follow-up mission called Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM-2 or Mangalyaan-2) with a greater scientific payload to Mars by 2020.[108] The mission will consist of an orbiter, and may include a rover.[109] MOM-2 will be launched after the Chandrayaan-2 Moon mission scheduled for January 2019.
See also[edit]
Mars portal
Spaceflight portal
India portal
Department of Space
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
List of ISRO missions
List of Mars orbiters
List of missions to Mars
Mars Express
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Cabinet clears Mars mission". The Hindu. 4 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "India's Mars mission gets Rs. 125 crore". Mars Daily. Indo-Asian News Service. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "'We are planning to send our first orbiter to Mars in 2013'". Deccan Chronicle. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Chaudhuri, Pramit Pal (6 November 2013). "Rocket science: how ISRO flew to Mars cheap". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "India plans mission to Mars next year". The Daily Telegraph. 16 August 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Laxman, Srinivas (6 August 2013). "Isro kicks off Mars mission campaign with PSLV assembly". The Times of India. Times News Network. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Bagla, Pallava (3 October 2013). "India's Mission Mars: The journey begins". NDTV. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "NASA Reaffirms Support for Mars Orbiter Mission" (Press release). ISRO. 5 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "U.S., India to Collaborate on Mars Exploration, Earth-Observing Mission" (Press release). NASA. 30 September 2014. Release 14-266. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "India Successfully Launches First Mission to Mars; PM Congratulates ISRO Team". International Business Times. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Bhatt, Abhinav (5 November 2013). "India's 450-crore mission to Mars to begin today: 10 facts". NDTV. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Vij, Shivam (5 November 2013). "India's Mars mission: worth the cost?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Rai, Saritha (7 November 2013). "How India Launched Its Mars Mission At Cut-Rate Costs". Forbes. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b David, Leonard (16 October 2013). "India's First Mission to Mars to Launch This Month". Space.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Lele, Ajey (2014). Mission Mars: India's Quest for the Red Planet. Springer. ISBN 978-81-322-1520-2.
Jump up ^ "Mars Orbiter Mission: Major Challenges". ISRO. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Klotz, Irene (7 December 2016). "India's Mars Orbiter Mission Has a Methane Problem". Seeker. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mars Orbiter Mission: Payloads". ISRO. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Chellappan, Kumar (11 January 2013). "Amangal to budget from Mangalyaan, say experts". Daily Pioneer. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mars mission gets October, 2013 launch date deadline as India reaches out to the stars". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Global Albedo Map of Mars". Indian Space Research Organisation. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bangalore centre to control Mars orbiter henceforth". Deccan Herald. Deccan Herald News Service. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Madhumathi, D. S. (6 November 2013). "Mars baton shifts to ISTRAC". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mars orbiter well on its way". The Hindu. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Jayaraman, K. S. (28 June 2013). "NASA's Deep Space Network to Support India's Mars Mission". Space.com. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Rao, Ch. Sushil (3 December 2013). "Mars mission: India gets help from South Africa to monitor 'Mangalyaan'". The Times of India. Times News Network.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mars Mission on track; orbit to be raised on Thursday". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 6 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Ram, Arun (7 November 2013). "Isro scientists raise orbit of Mars spacecraft". The Times of India. Times News Network.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Mars Orbiter Mission: Latest Updates". ISRO. 8 November 2013. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Second orbit raising manoeuvre on Mars Mission performed". Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 8 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kaping, Philaso G. (9 November 2013). "India's Mars probe performs third orbit raising manoeuvre". Zee News. Zee Media Bureau.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rao, Ch. Sushil (11 November 2013). "Mars mission faces first hurdle, 4th orbit-raising operation falls short of target". The Times of India. Times News Network.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rao, Ch. Sushil (11 November 2013). "Mars mission: After glitch, Isro plans supplementary orbit-raising operation tomorrow". The Times of India. Times News Network.
Jump up ^ Srivastava, Vanita (1 December 2013). "300 days to Mars: Countdown begins for India". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Isro's Mars Orbiter Mission successfully placed in Mars transfer trajectory". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 1 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lakdawalla, Emily (30 November 2013). "Mars Orbiter Mission ready to fly onward from Earth to Mars". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "ISRO successfully performs first TCM on Mars Orbiter". Zee News. Press Trust of India. 11 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Bagla, Pallava (11 December 2013). Ghosh, Shamik, ed. "Mangalyaan's next successful step: a tricky mid-course correction". NDTV.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Mars orbiter gets its first course correction". The Hindu. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "ISRO's Mars Orbiter spacecraft has..." ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission. Facebook.com. 9 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mars Orbiter Spacecraft Crosses Half Way Mark of its Journey" (Press release). ISRO. 9 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Ganesan, S. (2 March 2014). "Health parameters of Mars Orbiter are normal". The Hindu.
Jump up ^ "Trajectory correction of Mars mission likely by June 11". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 2 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Srivastava, Vanita (1 August 2014). "Mangalyaan on track, no path correction in August". Hindustan Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mars Orbiter Spacecraft's Main Liquid Engine Successfully Test Fired" (Press release). ISRO. 22 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Lakdawalla, Emily (31 October 2013). "India prepares to take flight to Mars with the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Chandrasenan, Vishnu (20 November 2013). "First Image of Earth from ISRO's Mangalyaan". The Veracious. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Isro's Mars Mission: Why Mangalyaan's path is full of riders". Tech2. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Ram, Arun (7 November 2013). "Mars mission: Scientists start raising Mangalyaan's orbit". The Times of India. Times News Network.
Jump up ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (10 November 2013). "A hiccup in the orbital maneuvers for Mars Orbiter Mission". The Planetary Society.
^ Jump up to: a b "Mars mission: Isro performs last orbit-raising manoeuvre". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Clark, Stephen (5 November 2013). "Indian spacecraft soars on historic journey to Mars". Spaceflight Now.
Jump up ^ "ISRO performs TCM-2 on Mars Orbiter Mission". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Srivastava, Vanita (1 August 2014). "Mangalyaan on track, no path correction in August". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Rao, V. Koteswara (15 September 2014). "Mars Orbit Insertion" (PDF). ISRO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2014.
Jump up ^ David, Leonard (15 October 2013). "India's First Mission to Mars to Launch This Month". Space.com.
Jump up ^ Singh, Ritu (22 September 2014). "Mars Orbiter Mission: ISRO to test fire engine today". Zee News. Zee Media Bureau. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Ram, Arun (22 September 2014). "Mars spacecraft test-fired successfully, to enter red planet's orbit on Wednesday". The Times of India. Times News Network.
Jump up ^ "India's Maiden Mars Mission Makes History". Bloomberg TV India. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mars Orbiter Mission looks to sniff methane on comet". The Times of India. India. 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (29 September 2014). "Mars Orbiter Mission delivers on promise of global views of Mars". The Planetary Society.
Jump up ^ Laxman, Srinivas (9 October 2014). "Mars Orbiter Mission shifts orbit to take cover from Siding Spring". The Planetary Society.
Jump up ^ "I'm safe and sound, tweets MOM after comet sighting". The Hindu. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Kumar, Chethan (26 September 2014). "Mars Orbiter Mission sends fresh pictures, methane sensors are working fine". The Times of India. Times News Network. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (4 March 2015). "Mars Orbiter Mission Methane Sensor for Mars is at work". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mars Orbiter Mission extended for another 6 months". India Today. Indo-Asian News Service. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mangalyaan can survive for 'years' in Martian orbit: ISRO chief". The Indian Express. Express News Service. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "ISRO releases Mars atlas to mark Mangalyaan's first birthday in space". Zee News. Zee Media Bureau. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Ahmed, Syed Maqbool (2 March 2016). "MENCA brings divine wealth from Mars: First science results from the Mars Orbiter Mission". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Bhardwaj, Anil; Thampi, Smitha V.; Das, Tirtha Pratim; Dhanya, M. B.; Naik, Neha; et al. (March 2016). "On the evening time exosphere of Mars: Result from MENCA aboard Mars Orbiter Mission". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (5): 1862–1867. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.1862B. doi:10.1002/2016GL067707.
Jump up ^ "Long Eclipse Avoidance Manoeuvres Performed Successfully on MOM Spacecraft". Mars Daily. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Vyawahare, Malavika (19 June 2017). "India's Mars Orbiter completes 1000 days in orbit and is still going strong". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Sridharan, Vasudevan (24 September 2014). "China Heralds India's Mars Mission Mangalyaan as 'Pride of Asia'". International Business Times. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Brandt-Erichsen, David (12 January 2015). "Indian Space Research Organization Mars Orbiter Programme Team Wins National Space Society's Space Pioneer Award for Science and Engineering". National Space Society. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission Team Wins Space Pioneer Award". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "2015 Space Pioneer Award was presented to ISRO for Mars Orbiter Mission". ISRO. 20 May 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 banned: New Rs 2,000 currency note to feature Mangalyaan, raised bleed lines". Firstpost. 8 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Bagla, Pallava (17 February 2017). "India eyes a return to Mars and a first run at Venus". Science.
Jump up ^ "National Geographic (cover)". National Geographic. November 2016.
Jump up ^ Singh, Kanishk (28 January 2016). "India's French Connection: CNES and ISRO jointly will develop Mangalyaan 2". The TeCake. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Prakhar (4 December 2016). "Everything You Need To Know About Mangalyaan 2, India's Second Mars Mission". Swarajya.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mars Orbiter Mission.
Mars Orbiter Mission website
Mars Orbiter Mission brochure
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Spacecraft missions to Mars
Current
Flybys
Mars Cube One (MarCO) (en route)
Orbiters
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
Mangalyaan
Mars Express
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
MAVEN
2001 Mars Odyssey
Landers
InSight (en route)
Rovers
Curiosity
timeline
Opportunity
observations

Past
Flybys
Dawn
Mariner 4
Mariner 6
Mariner 7
Mars 1†
Mars 6
Mars 7
Nozomi†
Rosetta
Zond 2†
Orbiters
Mariner 9
Mars 2
Mars 3
Mars 4†
Mars 5†
Mars Climate Orbiter†
Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Observer†
Phobos program
Phobos 1†
Phobos 2†
Viking program
Viking 1
Viking 2
Landers
Beagle 2†
ExoMars Schiaparelli†
Mars 2†
Mars 3†
Mars 6†
Mars 7†
Mars Pathfinder
Mars Polar Lander† / Deep Space 2†
Phoenix
Viking 1
Viking 2
Rovers
Prop-M†
Sojourner
Spirit
observations
Mars-crossing
orbit tests
Zond 3
Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster
Failed launches
Fobos-Grunt / Yinghuo-1
Kosmos 419
1M No.1
1M No.2
2MV-4 No.1
2MV-3 No.1
Mariner 3
2M No.521
2M No.522
Mariner 8
Mars 96
Planned
Hope Mars Mission (2020)
ExoMars (2020)
rover
surface platform
Mars 2020 (2020)
Mars Helicopter Scout
Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover (2020)
Mars Terahertz Microsatellite (2020)
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (2021 or 2022)
Psyche (2023, flyby only)
Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) (2024)
Active proposals
Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD)
Icebreaker Life
Mars Geyser Hopper
Mars-Grunt
Mars Micro Orbiter
Mars One
MELOS rover
MetNet
Next Mars Orbiter (NeMO)
PADME
Phootprint
Sky-Sailor
Cancelled proposals
Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey (ARES)
Astrobiology Field Laboratory
Beagle 3
Mars 4NM & 5NM
Mars 5M (Mars-79)
Mars-Aster
Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
Mars Surveyor Lander
Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
NetLander
Northern Light
Red Dragon
Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
Vesta
Voyager Mars
Exploration
Concepts
Flyby
Orbiter
Landing
Rover
Sample return
Manned mission
Permanent settlement
Colonization
Terraforming
Strategies
Mars Scout Program
Mars Exploration Program
Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
Mars Next Generation
Advocacy
The Mars Project
The Case for Mars
Inspiration Mars
Mars Institute
Mars Society
Mars race
Lists
List of missions to Mars
List of Mars orbiters
List of artificial objects on Mars
† indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Indian space programme
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Organisations
Department of Space (DoS)
Antrix Corporation
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
Physical Research Laboratory (DECU)
Programmes
Bhaskara
GAGAN
GSAT
INSAT
IRNSS
IRS
Cartosat
RISAT
Rohini
SROSS
Chandrayaan
Human Spaceflight Programme
Satellites
APPLE
Aditya-L1
Aryabhata
Astrosat
AstroSat-2
HAMSAT
IMS-1
Megha-Tropiques
NISAR
SARAL
South Asia Satellite
SRE
SRE II
Kalpana-1
CARE
Space probes
Chandrayaan-1
Moon Impact Probe
Chandrayaan-2
Mars Orbiter Mission
Mars Orbiter Mission 2
Venus orbiter mission (proposed)
Crewed spacecraft
Gaganyaan
Rockets
Engine
CE-7.5
CE-20
Orbital
SLV
ASLV
PSLV
GSLV
GSLV Mark III
Suborbital
Rohini
ATV
Concepts
ULV
Under development
RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
RLV-TD
Facilities
Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
Master Control Facility (MCF)
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS)
ISRO Satellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC)
Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
ISRO Propulsion Complex
See also
SAGA-220 (supercomputer)
List of Indian satellites
List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
List of ISRO missions
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Indian spacecraft
List of Indian satellites
List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
List of ISRO missions
Satellites
Communication
GSAT
1
2
3 (EDUSAT)
4
5P
6
6A
7
8
9 (South Asia Satellite)
10
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
HAMSAT
INSAT
1A
1B
1C
1D
2A
2B
2C
2D
2DT
2E
3A
3B
3C
3D
3DR
3DS
3E
4A
4B
4C
4CR
4E
4F
4G
Planned: GSAT
7A
11
20
22
23
24
29
Earth observation
Bhaskara
I
II
Cartosat
1
2
2A
2B
2C
2D
2E
2F
IMS-1
IRS
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
P1
P2
P3
Megha-Tropiques
Microsat
Oceansat
1
2
Resourcesat
1
2
RISAT
1
2
Rohini
RS-D1
RS-D2
SARAL
SCATSAT-1
Technology Experiment Satellite (TESS)
Planned: Cartosat-3
NISAR
GISAT
Oceansat-3
Resourcesat-3
Experimental
APPLE
Aryabhata
Rohini
RS-1
Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)
Navigation
IRNSS
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
1G
Student satellites
ANUSAT
Jugnu
SRMSAT
StudSat
StudSat-2
YouthSat
Pratham
Space probes
Scientific
SROSS
A
B
C
C2
Astronomical
Astrosat
Aditya-L1 (planned)
Lunar programme
Chandrayaan-1
Moon Impact Probe
Chandrayaan-2 (planned)
Inter-planetary
Mars Orbiter Mission
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (planned)
Venus orbiter mission (planned)
Human spaceflight
Indian human spaceflight programme
SRE-1
SRE-II
SRE-III
Gaganyaan
CARE
Future spacecraft in italics.
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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
1990s
PSLV-D1 (20 Sep 1993, failure)
PSLV-D2 (15 Oct 1994)
PSLV-D3 (21 Mar 1996)
PSLV-C1 (29 Sep 1997)
PSLV-C2 (26 May 1999)
2000s
PSLV-C3 (22 Oct 2001)
PSLV-C4 (METSAT, 12 Sep 2002)
PSLV-C5 (Resourcesat-1, 17 Oct 2003)
PSLV-C6 (HAMSAT, 5 May 2005)
PSLV-C7 (10 Jan 2007)
PSLV-C8 (23 Apr 2007)
PSLV-C10 (21 Jan 2008)
PSLV-C9 (28 Apr 2008)
PSLV-C11 (22 Oct 2008)
PSLV-C12 (20 Apr 2009)
PSLV-C14 (23 Sep 2009)
2010s
PSLV-C15 (12 Jul 2010)
PSLV-C16 (20 Apr 2011)
PSLV-C17 (15 Jul 2011)
PSLV-C18 (12 Oct 2011)
PSLV-C19 (26 Apr 2012)
PSLV-C21 (9 Sep 2012)
PSLV-C20 (25 Feb 2013)
PSLV-C22 (IRNSS-1A, 1 Jul 2013)
PSLV-C25 (Mars Orbiter Mission, 5 Nov 2013)
PSLV-C24 (IRNSS-1B, 4 Apr 2014)
PSLV-C23 (30 Jun 2014)
PSLV-C26 (IRNSS-1C, 16 Oct 2014)
PSLV-C27 (IRNSS-1D, 28 Mar 2015)
PSLV-C28 (DMC-3, 10 Jul 2015)
PSLV-C30 (28 Sep 2015)
PSLV-C29 (16 Dec 2015)
PSLV-C31 (IRNSS-1E, 20 Jan 2016)
PSLV-C32 (IRNSS-1F, 10 Mar 2016)
PSLV-C33 (IRNSS-1G, 28 Apr 2016)
PSLV-C34 (22 Jun 2016)
PSLV-C35 (SCATSAT-1, 26 Sep 2016)
PSLV-C36 (Resourcesat-2A, 7 Dec 2016)
PSLV-C37 (15 Feb 2017)
PSLV-C38 (23 Jun 2017)
PSLV-C39 (IRNSS-1H, 31 Aug 2017, failure)
PSLV-C40 (Cartosat-2F, 12 Jan 2018)
PSLV-C41 (IRNSS-1I, 12 Apr 2018)
List of PSLV launches
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21st-century space probes
Active space probes
(deep space missions)
Moon
ARTEMIS
Longjiang-2
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars
ExoMars TGO
InSight / MarCO
Mangalyaan
Mars Express
2001 Mars Odyssey
MAVEN
MER Opportunity
MRO
MSL Curiosity
Venus
Akatsuki
IKAROS
Minor planet
Chang'e 2
Dawn
Hayabusa2 / MASCOT
New Horizons
OSIRIS-REx
PROCYON
Solar science
ACE
DSCOVR
Parker Solar Probe
SOHO
STEREO
Wind
Others
Gaia
Juno
THEMIS
Voyager 1
Voyager 2
Completed after 2000
(by termination date)
2001
NEAR Shoemaker
Deep Space 1
2003
Pioneer 10
Galileo
Nozomi
2004
Genesis
2005
Huygens
2006
Mars Global Surveyor
2008
Phoenix
2009
Chang'e 1
Ulysses
Chandrayaan-1
SELENE
LCROSS
2010
Hayabusa
MER Spirit
2011
Stardust
2012
GRAIL
2013
Deep Impact
2014
LADEE
Venus Express
Chang'e 5-T1
2015
MESSENGER
Chang'e 3 / Yutu
2016
Rosetta / Philae
ExoMars Schiaparelli
2017
LISA Pathfinder
Cassini
List of Solar System probes
List of lunar probes
List of space telescopes
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← 2012 · Orbital launches in 2013 · 2014 →
January
Kosmos 2482 · Kosmos 2483 · Kosmos 2484 – JSE Reda 4 · Jissho Eisei – STSAT-2C – TDRS-11
February
Intelsat 27 – Globalstar M078, M087, M093, M094, M095, M096 – Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a · Amazonas 3 – Progress M-18M – Landsat 8 – SARAL · Sapphire · NEOSSat · UniBRITE-1 · TUGSAT-1 · AAUSAT3 · STRaND-1
March
SpaceX CRS-2 – USA-241 – Satmex 8 – Soyuz TMA-08M
April
Anik G1 – Bion-M No.1 (Aist 2 · BeeSat-2 · BeeSat-3 · SOMP · Dove-2 · OSSI-1) – Cygnus Mass Simulator · Dove 1 · Alexander · Graham · Bell – Progress M-19M – Gaofen 1 · TurkSat-3USat · NEE-01 Pegaso · CubeBug-1 – Kosmos 2485
May
Zhongxing 11 – PROBA-V · VNREDSat 1A · ESTCube-1 – Eutelsat 3D – USA-242 – USA-243 – Soyuz TMA-09M
June
SES-6 – Albert Einstein ATV – Kosmos 2486 – Shenzhou 10 – Resurs-P No.1 – O3b × 4 (PFM, FM2, FM4, FM5) – Kosmos 2487 – IRIS
July
IRNSS-1A – Uragan-M 48, 49, 50 – Shijian XI-05 – MUOS-2 – Shijian 15 · Shiyan 7 · Chuangxin 3 – Inmarsat-4A F4 · INSAT-3D – Progress M-20M
August
Kounotori 4 (TechEdSat-3 · ArduSat-1 · ArduSat-X · Pico-Dragon) – USA-244 – Arirang-5 – USA-245 – Eutelsat 25B / Es'hail 1 · GSAT-7 / INSAT-4F – Amos-4
September
Yaogan 17 A, B, C – LADEE – Gonets-M No.5 · Gonets-M No.6 · Gonets-M No.7 – Hisaki – USA-246 – Cygnus Orb-D1 – Fengyun III-03 – Kuaizhou-1 – Soyuz TMA-10M – CASSIOPE · CUSat · POPACS 1, 2, 3 · DANDE – Astra 2E
October
Shijian 16 – Sirius FM-6 – Yaogan 18
November
Mars Orbiter Mission – Soyuz TMA-11M – Globus-1M No.13L – MAVEN – ORS-3 · STPSat-3 · Black Knight 1 · CAPE-2 · ChargerSat-1 · COPPER · DragonSat-1 · Firefly · Ho'oponopono-2 · Horus · KySat-2 · NPS-SCAT · ORSES · ORS Tech 1, 2 · PhoneSat 2.4 · Prometheus × 8 · SENSE A, B · SwampSat · TJ3Sat · Trailblazer-1 · Vermont Lunar CubeSat – Yaogan 19 – DubaiSat-2 · STSAT-3 · SkySat-1 · UniSat-5 (Dove 4 · ICube-1 · HumSat-D · PUCP-Sat 1 (Pocket-PUCP) · BeakerSat-1 · $50SAT · QBScout-1 · WREN) · AprizeSat 7, 8 · Lem · WNISat-1 · GOMX-1 · CubeBug-2 · Delfi-n3Xt · Dove 3 · First-MOVE · FUNcube-1 · HINCube-1 · KHUSat-1 · KHUSat-2 · NEE-02 Krysaor · OPTOS · Triton 1 · UWE-3 · VELOX-P2 · ZACUBE-1 · BPA-3 – Swarm A, B, C – Shiyan Weixing 5 – Progress M-21M
December
Chang'e 3 (Yutu) – SES-8 – USA-247 · ALICE · AeroCube 5A, 5B · CUNYSAT-1 · FIREBIRD A, B · IPEX · M-Cubed-2 · SMDC-ONE 2.3, 2.4 · SNaP · TacSat-6 – Inmarsat-5 F1 – CBERS-3 – Gaia – Túpac Katari 1 – Kosmos 2488 · Kosmos 2489 · Kosmos 2490 – Ekspress AM5 – Aist 1 · SKRL-756 1, 2
Launches are separated by dashes ( – ), payloads by dots ( · ). Manned flights are bolded. Launch failures are in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in brackets).
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2013 in space
« 2012
2014 »
Launches
Space probes
LADEE
Mars Orbiter Mission
MAVEN
Chang'e 3
Yutu
Space observatories
IRIS
Hisaki
Gaia

Impact events
Chelyabinsk meteor
Chelyabinsk meteorite
Novae
Nova Centauri 2013
V339 Delphini
Comets
C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
C/2012 S1 (ISON)
C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
P/2013 P5 (PANSTARRS)
C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
NEOs
Asteroid close approaches
(7888) 1993 UC
(52760) 1998 ML14
(285263) 1998 QE2
(163364) 2002 OD20
(277475) 2005 WK4
2006 BL8
2011 BT15
2012 YQ1
2013 EC
2013 ET
2013 MZ5
2013 PJ10
2013 TV135
2013 XY8
2013 YP139
367943 Duende
3361 Orpheus
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Gliese 504 b
Gliese 667 Cd
Gliese 667 Ce
Gliese 667 Cf
Gliese 667 Cg
Gliese 667 Ch
HD 106906 b
HD 95086 b
Kepler-37b
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Kepler-61b
Kepler-62b
Kepler-62c
Kepler-62d
Kepler-62e
Kepler-62f
Kepler-65
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Kepler-68b
Kepler-68c
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Kepler-76b
Kepler-78b
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PSO J318.5-22
ROXs 42Bb
Miscellaneous
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The Day the Earth Smiled
Category:2012 in space — Category:2013 in space — Category:2014 in space
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2014 in space
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2015 »
Space probes launches
Chang'e 5-T1 (Moon mission)
Hayabusa2 / PROCYON (asteroid mission)

Impact events
2014 AA impact
2014 Ontario fireball
Supernovae
SN 2014J
Notable comets
C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) (Mars close approach)
C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
NEOs
Asteroid close approaches
2000 EM26
(163132) 2002 CU11
(388188) 2006 DP14
2007 VK184
(410777) 2009 FD
2009 RR
2009 WM1
2014 AF5
2014 DX110
2014 EC
2014 HQ124
2014 LY21
2014 OO6
2014 RC
2014 SC324
2014 XL7
Exoplanets
51 Eridani b
Gliese 15 Ab
Gliese 180 c
Gliese 682 c
Gliese 832 c
HIP 116454 b
Kapteyn b
Kepler-186f
Kepler-296e
Kepler-296f
Kepler-298d
Kepler-419b
Kepler-419c
Kepler-421b
GU Piscium b
WASP-104b
Discoveries
Rings of Chariklo
2012 VP113
2013 FY27
C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
2014 OL339 (quasi-satellite of Earth)
Space exploration
MAVEN (Mars orbit injection)
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mars orbit injection)
Venus Express (Venus mission ends)
Dawn (approaches Ceres)
Rosetta/Philae (orbits/landing 67P)
Category:2013 in space — Category:2014 in space — Category:2015 in space
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