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Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)
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Not to be confused with Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series).
Star Wars: Clone Wars
Cover art for the first volume of Star Wars: Clone Wars
Genre
Military science fiction
Action/Adventure
Created by
Genndy Tartakovsky
Based on
Star Wars
by George Lucas
Directed by
Genndy Tartakovsky (all episodes)
Voices of
Mat Lucas
James Arnold Taylor
Tom Kane
Grey DeLisle
Anthony Daniels
Corey Burton
Andre Sogliuzzo
Richard McGonagle
Nick Jameson
Theme music composer
John Williams
Composer(s)
James L. Venable
Paul Dinletir
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
25 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Sam Register
George Lucas
Producer(s)
Genndy Tartakovsky
Shareena Carlson
Running time
Season 1: 3-5 minutes
Season 2: 12-15 minutes
Production company(s)
Lucasfilm Ltd.
Cartoon Network Studios
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television
Disney–ABC Domestic Television
Release
Original network
Cartoon Network
Original release
November 7, 2003 (2003-11-07) – March 26, 2005 (2005-03-26)
Star Wars: Clone Wars (sometimes referred to as Tartakovsky's Clone Wars) is an American animated television micro-series adapted, directed, produced and co-written by Genndy Tartakovsky, set in the Star Wars universe. Produced and released between the films Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, it is the first of many works to explore the conflict set between the two known as the Clone Wars, and directly leads to the events of Revenge of the Sith. The show follows the actions of various characters from the Star Wars prequel trilogy, notably Jedi Knights and clone troopers, in their war against the battle droid armies of the Confederacy of Independent Systems and the Sith. The series is notable for introducing the character of General Grievous to the Star Wars universe.
The series aired on Cartoon Network for two seasons consisting of 25 episodes from 2003 to 2005, and was the first Star Wars television series since Star Wars: Ewoks in 1986. The first season of Clone Wars, known together as "Volume One", were produced in a two- to three-minute "micro" format, while the second and final season consisted of five fifteen-minute episodes making up "Volume Two". Both volumes were later released on home video edited as feature-length films. Since release, the series has received critical acclaim and won multiple awards, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program twice for both of its volumes.
The success of Star Wars: Clone Wars, which Star Wars creator George Lucas referred to as the "pilot series", led to a second Clone Wars series — the CGI-animated Star Wars: The Clone Wars — which was produced by Lucasfilm Animation and ran from 2008 to 2014.[1][2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 Backstory
1.2 Synopsis
1.3 Continuity
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Broadcast
5 Episodes
5.1 Season 1 (2003)
5.2 Season 2 (2005)
6 Reception
6.1 Critical reception
6.2 Awards and nominations
7 Home media
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Backstory[edit]
Star Wars: Clone Wars is part of the Star Wars prequel storyline, surrounding the fall of esteemed Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker and his subsequent transformation into the Sith Lord Darth Vader. The series begins in the year 22 BBY, a few months following Attack of the Clones. The Clone Wars have just begun, with the failing Galactic Republic and the Jedi Order under siege from the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to secede from Galactic society with the help of the Sith. As the war rages, more and more planets slip from Republic control. Both the Jedi and the Sith use a metaphysical power known as the Force, but in different manners: the Jedi draw on the "light" side which is fueled by selflessness and compassion, while the Sith draw on the "dark" side which is fueled by primal urges such as greed and hate.
Synopsis[edit]
The main storyline of Volume One features the Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi (James Arnold Taylor) being assigned to lead an assault on the planet Muunilinst, home of the Intergalactic Banking Clan, benefactors of the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to break away from the Galactic Republic. His apprentice, Anakin Skywalker (Mat Lucas), is personally appointed to lead the space forces by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine (Nick Jameson), the secret alter ego of Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Also on Muunilinst, ARC (Advanced Recon Commando) Captain Fordo (André Sogliuzzo) leads more clone troopers on an assault. Meanwhile, Separatist leader Count Dooku (Corey Burton) takes in the Dark Jedi Asajj Ventress (Grey DeLisle) as his apprentice and sends her to eliminate Anakin. Anakin diverts his attention in the middle of the space battle to pursue Ventress to Yavin 4, where he manages to defeat her in a lightsaber duel by drawing on his anger, which is considered a path to the dark side.
Surrounding this storyline are various battles focusing on other Jedi and their wartime exploits: Jedi Master Mace Windu (T.C. Carson) faces an entire droid army unarmed on Dantooine; Grand Master Yoda (Tom Kane) travels to the ice world Ilum in order to save two imperiled Jedi Knights; the amphibious Kit Fisto (Richard McGonagle) leads an aquatic regiment of clone troopers on the waterworld Mon Calamari; and a team of Jedi encounter the dreaded General Grievous (John DiMaggio in season 2; McGonagle in season 3) on Hypori.
Volume Two picks up at the conclusion to the Hypori battle, where Obi-Wan sends his team of ARC troopers to Hypori to rescue the Jedi from Grievous. The storyline then jumps ahead two years later; with Grievous having claimed numerous victories for the Separatists, the Republic is in need of more Jedi Knights, and after much consideration, the Jedi Council decides to promote Anakin to a Knight. Anakin has become a strong Jedi Knight and has helped the Republic several times, such as aiding Obi-Wan in capturing a fortress on Bomis Koori IV, saving Saesee Tiin (Carson) from a space battle, and rescuing three Jedi from LM-432 crab droids.
Six months later, Anakin and Obi-Wan are assigned to search for Grievous on the planet Nelvaan, but instead end up liberating a group of Nelvaanians who had been enslaved and mutated by the Techno Union. While rescuing the Nelvaan warriors, Anakin sees a cryptic vision of his eventual transformation into Darth Vader. Meanwhile, Grievous leads an assault on Coruscant and, despite the best efforts of Yoda, Windu, Shaak Ti (DeLisle) and others, kidnaps Palpatine for his Master, Dooku. Anakin and Obi-Wan then set out to rescue the Chancellor over Coruscant, leading directly into the beginning of Revenge of the Sith.
Continuity[edit]
Volume Two was loosely based on, and shares its storyline with the EU novel Labyrinth of Evil by James Luceno. However, as it was only based on a rough draft of the novel, there are several inconsistencies between the two works, such as the finer details of the Battle of Coruscant and where Anakin and Obi-Wan were located prior to returning to Coruscant. In the series, they investigate a possible base for Grievous on Nelvaan, but in the novel, they pursue Count Dooku on Tythe (Dooku only briefly pauses at Nelvaan when escaping to Coruscant). The New Essential Chronology retconned this by stating that the Nelvaan events occurred before Tythe,[4] with the final scene of Obi-Wan and Anakin getting the message from Mace on the cruiser taking place after Tythe.
General Grievous' asthmatic cough in Revenge of the Sith was intended to emphasize his organic nature as well as the flaws of having cyborg prosthetics. Grievous had previously appeared in Clone Wars before many of his personality traits had been finalized. To reconcile the differences between the two presentations, the Clone Wars production crew inserted a scene in "Chapter 25" of Mace Windu Force-crushing Grievous's chestplate housing his internal organs, as the general makes a desperate escape with Palpatine.[5][6]
Cast[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (April 2018)
Production[edit]
The series was produced by Genndy Tartakovsky, creator of Dexter's Laboratory and Samurai Jack, and employs a similar animation style to Tartakovsky's Samurai Jack. Tartakovsky revealed in his Hyperspace commentary tracks on the official Star Wars website and on the Volume I DVD that he purposely animated C-3PO with moveable expressive eyes to pay homage to the animators of and the animation style of Nelvana, the production company behind the animated segment from Star Wars Holiday Special and the 1980s Droids cartoon series. George Lucas, who inspired the Clone Wars television series and served as an executive producer on the series, gave Tartakovsky all the major events during the Clone Wars.
Broadcast[edit]
The pilot series, produced primarily with traditional animation, originally ran on Cartoon Network. In addition to being shown on television, the episodes were released online simultaneously at the Star Wars and Cartoon Network websites. The series was heavily advertised by Cartoon Network, and was originally shown immediately before their popular Friday night programming block Fridays.
Episodes[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Season DVD release dates
First aired
Last aired
Region 1
Region 2
1 20 November 7, 2003 (2003-11-07) December 4, 2003 (2003-12-04) March 22, 2005 May 9, 2005
2 5 March 22, 2005 (2005-03-22) March 26, 2005 (2005-03-26) December 6, 2005 December 5, 2005
Season 1 (2003)[edit]
The first season consisted of 20 episodes, lasting 3 minutes each. All episodes were released on DVD as Volume One listed as the complete first season.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Prod.
code
1
1 "Chapter 1" November 7, 2003 (2003-11-07) 101
Four months after the battle of Geonosis, the Clone Wars rage across the galaxy. Obi-Wan Kenobi is given the task of leading the assault on Muunilinst while Anakin Skywalker gets command over the space forces. Anakin bids farewell to his secret wife, Senator Padmé Amidala.
2
2 "Chapter 2" November 10, 2003 (2003-11-10) 103
Obi-Wan's ARC troopers are shot down over the capital of Muunilinst as the assault on the Intergalactic Banking Clan's planet begins.
3
3 "Chapter 3" November 11, 2003 (2003-11-11) 102
Pinned down by droid enemy fire, the ARC troopers must make use of their specialist training to reach their target.
4
4 "Chapter 4" November 12, 2003 (2003-11-12) 107
With the battle of Muunilinst raging in space as well as on land, San Hill orders Durge and his IG-lancer droids to defend the city.
5
5 "Chapter 5" November 13, 2003 (2003-11-13) 104
On Mon Calamari, Kit Fisto and his Scuba Troopers defends the Calamari council against Manta Droid sub fighters army of the Quarren Isolation league. Mon Calamari Knights riding giant Keelkanas provide the Republic forces with back up.
6
6 "Chapter 6" November 14, 2003 (2003-11-14) 105
Count Dooku arrives on Rattatak to witness the gladiator fights at the "Cauldron". A Force-sensitive Rattataki beats every opponent in the Arena and claims to be a Sith.
7
7 "Chapter 7" November 17, 2003 (2003-11-17) 108
Dooku submits Asajj Ventress to a test with a lightsaber before sending her on her way to find and eliminate Anakin Skywalker.
8
8 "Chapter 8" November 18, 2003 (2003-11-18) 106
General Kenobi and his troopers mount up on speeder bikes to take on Durge and the droid forces from the Intergalactic Banking Clan.
9
9 "Chapter 9" November 19, 2003 (2003-11-19) 110
General Kenobi and the ARC Troopers capture the Banking Clan's headquarters but Durge remains in pursuit, displaying almost unstoppable regenerative powers.
10
10 "Chapter 10" November 20, 2003 (2003-11-20) 111
Anakin proves himself to be the best star fighter in the galaxy battling Geonosian fighters above Muunilinst.
11
11 "Chapter 11" November 21, 2003 (2003-11-21) 201
Anakin chases a mysterious rogue pilot (Asajj Ventress) piloting a Geonosian fanblade starfighter and against his master's orders, pursues her into hyperspace.
12
12 "Chapter 12" November 24, 2003 (2003-11-24) 202
Young Paxi Sylo looks on as Mace Windu battles Separatist droids backed up by enormous seismic tanks on Dantooine.
13
13 "Chapter 13" November 25, 2003 (2003-11-25) 203
Having lost his lightsaber, Master Windu must take on a battalion of Super Battle Droids hand to hand.
14
14 "Chapter 14" November 26, 2003 (2003-11-26) 204
The sacred Jedi Temple on Ilum is attacked by Chameleon droids just as Luminara Unduli's padawan, Barriss Offee is completing her training.
15
15 "Chapter 15" November 27, 2003 (2003-11-27) 202
Master Yoda, traveling aboard Senator Amidala's ship, persuades Captain Typho to take a detour to Ilum in order to mount a rescue operation.
16
16 "Chapter 16" November 28, 2003 (2003-11-28) 205
Padmé, worrying about Master Yoda, is attacked by Chameleon Droids. Luckily she has C-3PO to use as a decoy.
17
17 "Chapter 17" December 1, 2003 (2003-12-01) 208
Anakin has followed Asajj Ventress to Yavin IV. Although a clone squadron has been sent after them by Obi-Wan in a Republic carrier, they prove to be no match for the Sith hopeful.
18
18 "Chapter 18" December 2, 2003 (2003-12-02) 206
Asajj Ventress leads Anakin through the jungles of Yavin IV toward the ancient Massassi temples once inhabited by Exar Kun.
19
19 "Chapter 19" December 3, 2003 (2003-12-03) 207
Driven to the edge by Asajj Ventress, Anakin almost gives in to the Dark Side in a final bid to defeat her.
20
20 "Chapter 20" December 4, 2003 (2003-12-04) 209
The Republic has won the battle of Muunilinst, but news arrives of a new droid general hunting down Jedi on the planet Hypori. There, a group of Jedi consisting of Ki-Adi Mundi, Shaak Ti, Aayla Secura, K'Kruhk, Tarr Seirr and Sha'A Gi are driven into a corner by the formidable General Grievous.
Season 2 (2005)[edit]
The second and final season consisted of 5 episodes, lasting 12 minutes each. These episodes were released on DVD as Volume Two as the complete second season.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Prod.
code
21
1 "Chapter 21" March 22, 2005 (2005-03-22) 301
Captain Fordo and his ARC troopers rescue Ki Adi Mundi, Aayla Secura and Shaak Ti from Grievous. The Jedi council grants Anakin Skywalker the title of Jedi Knight, after which Senator Amidala allows him the use of R2-D2 as co-pilot for his Jedi Interceptor starship.
22
2 "Chapter 22" March 23, 2005 (2005-03-23) 303
Leading the third army of the Republic, General Kenobi and Commander Skywalker blow up a shield generator on Bomis Korri IV. Meanwhile, Separatist forces move in on Outer Rim planets such as Kashyyyk, Orto and Bal'demnic. As Darth Sidious launches his final operation, Obi-Wan and Anakin are sent to Nelvaan, where young Skywalker disrupts a young native's rite of passage by defeating a giant Horax.
23
3 "Chapter 23" March 24, 2005 (2005-03-24) 302
Coruscant is attacked by Separatists forces. Mace Windu takes to the air while Yoda rides his Kybuck to defend the city. Meanwhile, Saesee Tinn leads his troops into battle just above the planet's atmosphere. On Nelvaan, Obi-Wan volunteers Anakin to take the trial of fire.
24
4 "Chapter 24" March 25, 2005 (2005-03-25) 304
Jedi Shaak Ti, Roron Corobb and Foul Moudama fight to keep Supreme Chancellor Palpatine out of General Grievous' mechanical claws. Anakin finds a hidden laboratory where the Techno Union is conducting mutation experiments on Nelvaan warriors.
25
5 "Chapter 25" March 26, 2005 (2005-03-26) 305
Shaak Ti takes a desperate stand against Grievous' Magnaguards. Anakin, surrounded by mutated Nelvaan Warriors, must destroy the geothermal crystal powering the siphon generator. Mace Windu hurries to face General Grievous, who abducts Palpatine. When Anakin and Obi-Wan learn of this, they set out on a dangerous rescue mission, leading into the opening of Revenge of the Sith.
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
In 2009, Clone Wars was ranked 21 on IGN's Top 100 Animated Series list.[7]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Type
Season(s)
Year
Saturn Award for "Best Television Presentation" in the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA Nominated 1 and 2 2004
Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or More)"[8] Won 1 and 2 2004
Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or More)"[9] Won 3 2005
Emmy Award to background key designer Justin Thompson for "Outstanding Individual in Animation"[9] Won 3 2005
Annie Award for "Best Animated Television Production" Won 3 2006
Home media[edit]
Both volumes were distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.
Title
Release date
Chapters
Region 1
Region 2
Star Wars: Clone Wars: Volume One March 22, 2005 May 9, 2005 1–20
This release contains all 20 of the show's 3-minute episodes, edited together into one continuous feature with English subtitles and an optional commentary track. Extras include art galleries, behind the scenes information, and the featurette "Bridging the Saga: From Clone Wars to Revenge of the Sith", the Revenge of the Sith teaser trailer: with interviews of George Lucas, Genndy Tartakovsky, and the Clone Wars production crew. The disc also features a glimpse of Star Wars: Clone Wars – Volume Two, an Episode III game trailer, and a playable level of the Xbox game Star Wars: Republic Commando.
Star Wars: Clone Wars: Volume Two December 6, 2005 December 5, 2005 21–25
This release contains all 5 of the show's 12-minute episodes, edited together into one continuous feature with English subtitles and an optional commentary track. Extras include a Revenge of the Sith movie trailer, art galleries, trailers for the Star Wars games Battlefront II and Empire at War, an Xbox demo with two levels from Battlefront II, and the Lego short film Revenge of the Brick. Also included was the featurette "Connecting the Dots", which highlighted the creative process that Genndy Tartakovsky and his team used to link Clone Wars to Revenge of the Sith.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Legendary Star Wars Expanded Universe Turns a New Page". StarWars.com. April 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ McMilian, Graeme (April 25, 2014). "Lucasfilm Unveils New Plans for Star Wars Expanded Universe". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney and Random House announce relaunch of Star Wars Adult Fiction line". StarWars.com. April 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ The New Essential Chronology
Jump up ^ Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary featuring George Lucas, Rick McCallum, Rob Coleman, John Knoll and Roger Guyett, 2005.
Jump up ^ Clone Wars: Connecting the Dots featurette. Star Wars: Clone Wars Volume Two DVD, 2005.
Jump up ^ "21. Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)". IGN. 2009. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Clone Wars". Emmys.com. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars Clone Wars Vol. 2 (Chapters 21-25)". Emmys.com. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
External links[edit]
Star Wars portal
Cartoon Network portal
Animation portal
Television in the United States portal
2000's portal
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Star Wars: Clone Wars on IMDb
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Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series) at the Big Cartoon DataBase
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Pronucleus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The process of fertilization in the ovum of a mouse.
A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization, after the sperm enters the ovum, but before the genetic material of the sperm and egg fuse. Sperm and egg cells are haploid, meaning they carry half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells. The male and female pronuclei don't fuse, although their genetic material does. Instead, their membranes dissolve, leaving no barriers between the male and female chromosomes. Their chromosomes can then combine and become part of a single diploid nucleus in the resulting embryo, containing a full set of chromosomes.
The appearance of two pronuclei is the first sign of successful fertilization as observed during in vitro fertilisation, and is usually observed 18 hours after insemination or ICSI. The zygote is then termed a two-pronuclear zygote (2PN). Two-pronuclear zygotes transitioning through 1PN or 3PN states tend to develop into poorer-quality embryos than ones who remain 2PN throughout development,[1] and may be significant in embryo selection in IVF.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reichman DE, Jackson KV, Racowsky C (May 2009). "Incidence and development of zygotes exhibiting abnormal pronuclear disposition after identification of two pronuclei at the fertilization check". Fertil. Steril. 94 (3): 965–970. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.018. PMID 19476942.
External links[edit]
Look up pronucleus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Durand Cup
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DD Sports
Website
www.durandfootball.com
2016 Durand Cup
The Durand Football Tournament or Durand Cup is a football competition in India which was first held in 1888. It is co-hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and Osians[2] All the matches are free-of-cost for spectators, and the winner gets ₹ 50 lakh.[3]
The Tournament is named after its founder, Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary in charge of India from 1884 to 1894. Sir Mortimer was recuperating from illness at the leading hill station of British India, Simla in northern India. Having become conscious of the value of sport as a means to maintain health, he decided to present a prize to encourage sporting competition in India. At first it was effectively an Army cup, and largely the preserve of the British Indian Army troops in India, but over the years it widened its appeal and opened up to civilian teams, until it became a more open and conventional sporting contest. It is now one of the leading prizes in Indian football. The final major administrative change was when the Army passed on the actual running of the Tournament to a civilian administration in 2006. The Army presence is maintained by the participation of several military teams, including an Army XI, which won the competition as recently as 2005.
Contents
[hide]
1 The Raj Era
2 Post-Independence
3 Results
3.1 Finals performance by team
4 References
5 External links
The Raj Era[edit]
The Durand Tournament was initially a military affair, open to the Army in India: the British Army, the regular Indian Army and other Indian military units, such as Provincial frontier-security regiments and the Volunteer regiments of the reserves. In practice, however, the Indian Army traditionally preferred field hockey to football, a fact which has been evident from the Indian and Pakistani dominance of that sport in international events such as the Olympics. The exception to this tradition were the Nepalese men of the Brigade of Gurkhas. Initially, this tended to leave the field open to the British Army until football's popularity took hold and it became the more universal sport it is today. After the Second World War, the British Army left India and the tournament was opened to non-military teams to maintain the level of competition.
The initial matches were played in Dagshai, which is actually a short distance outside Simla. The inaugural Final of the Tournament, in 1888, was a Scottish derby, with the first name on the trophy being the Royal Scots Fusiliers, who beat the Highland Light Infantry with a score of 2-1. The Durand Cup has been suspended twice, due to the two World Wars.
Post-Independence[edit]
In 1940 the venue was transferred to New Delhi, and it is now held at the Ambedkar Stadium in the city. Following India's independence in 1947, the tournament was hosted by the Indian Army, with Durand Football Tournament Society being headed by three Service Chiefs.[4]
The most successful teams are currently East Bengal and Mohun Bagan, with 16 wins each, accounting for no less 32 cup victories over the years. With the eclipse of high-profile teams from Hyderabad, since 1970 the Durand Cup has been won mostly by teams from Kolkata, such as East Bengal and Mohun Bagan, or from the Punjab, such as the Border Security Force and JCT Mills. Mohun Bagan also won the first title of the new Millennium. In recent years, however, Goa has also produced a run of winning form. In 1997 a team from the south won for the first time, thanks to FC Kochin. In 2002 for the first time a team from Mumbai won a repeat victory, when Mahindra United won its second title, following its 1998 win. In 2003 Goa matched this feat, when Salgaocar added to its 1999 victory. In 2005 another Goan side, Sporting Clube de Goa, missed the title by a whisker when the Army XI produced an upset to win, but the following year was undeniably Goan when a third Goan team, Dempo S.C., thrashed JCT 2-0 in the 2006 finals. Recent seasons has been dominated by yet another Goan team: Churchill Brothers. They won the tournament three times: in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and narrowly missed a hat-trick, as runners-up in 2008; they were also runners-up in 2001-02.
The winning team is presented with three trophies: The President’s Cup (first presented by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India); the Durand Cup (the original challenge prize, which is a rolling trophy); and the Shimla Trophy (first presented by citizens of Shimla in 1904 and, since 1965, a rolling trophy).
Despite being the de facto Indian counterpart to the FA Cup in England[citation needed], its winners do not qualify for Asian Football Confederation tournaments. The I-League and Federation Cup (League Cup) are the only ways to qualify for the Asian cup.
India's armed forces deserve credit for keeping the Durand Cup tradition alive over the decades.In 2006, Osians, the art house, took over the running and management of the Durand Cup. Prize money, TV coverage and the quality of the football souvenirs produced have improved dramatically[citation needed].
Results[edit]
Year
Winners
Score
Runners-up
Ref.
1888 Royal Scots Fusiliers 2-1 Highland Light Infantry
1889 Highland Light Infantry 8-1 Simla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1890 Highland Light Infantry 2-0 Royal Irish Fusiliers
1891 King's Own Scottish Borderers 2-0 East Lancashire Regiment
1892 King's Own Scottish Borderers 3-1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1893 Highland Light Infantry 2-1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1894 Highland Light Infantry 2-1 Royal Scots Fusiliers
1895 Highland Light Infantry 1-0 Somerset Light Infantry
1896 Somerset Light Infantry 6-1 Black Watch
1897 Black Watch 1-0 Simla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1898 Black Watch 4-0 North Staffordshire Regiment
1899 Black Watch 3-0 Yorkshire Regiment
1900 South Wales Borderers 2-0 East Lancashire Regiment
1901 South Wales Borderers 2-1 South Staffordshire Regiment
1902 Hampshire Regiment 2-1 East Lancashire Regiment
1903 Royal Irish Rifles 2-1 Queen's Regiment
1904 North Staffordshire Regiment 1-0 Black Watch
1905 Royal Dragoons 2-0 Dorsetshire Regiment
1906 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2-1 Bedfordshire Regiment
1907 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2-0 Royal Welsh Fusiliers
1908 Lancashire Fusiliers 2-0 Royal Irish Rifles
1909 Lancashire Fusiliers 2-0 King's Regiment
1910 Royal Scots 2-0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1911 Black Watch 1-0 Lancashire Fusiliers
1912 Royal Scots 1-0 Lancashire Fusiliers
1913 Lancashire Fusiliers 2-0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1914-19 aaaaa !Tournament not held, due to World War I
1920 Black Watch 2-0 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
1921 Worcestershire Regiment 1-0 Royal Fusiliers
1922 Lancashire Fusiliers 1-0 Royal Field Artillery
1923 Cheshire Regiment 1-0 Essex Regiment
1924 Worcestershire Regiment 2-0 Essex Regiment
1925 Sherwood Foresters 2-0 Worcestershire Regiment
1926 Durham Light Infantry 1-0 Sherwood Foresters
1927 York & Lancaster Regiment 1-0 East Indian Railway Regiment
1928 Sherwood Foresters 4-0 York & Lancaster Regiment
1929 York & Lancaster Regiment 3-0 East Yorkshire Regiment
1930 York & Lancaster Regiment 2-0 Leicestershire Regiment
1931 Devonshire Regiment 3-0 Border Regiment
1932 King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2-1 Devonshire Regiment
1933 King's Shropshire Light Infantry 3-2 Leicestershire Regiment
1934 Royal Signals 3-1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1935 Border Regiment 1-0 Royal Norfolk Regiment
1936 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 2-0 Green Howards
1937 Border Regiment 3-1 Royal Scots
1938 South Wales Borderers 2-0 Border Regiment
1939 aaaaa ! Tournament not held, due to World War II in Europe
1940 Mohammedan Sporting Club 2-1 Royal Warwickshire Regiment
1941-49 aaaaa ! Tournament not held, due to World War II & to Partition
1950 Hyderabad City Police 2-2, 1-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1951 East Bengal Club 1-1, 2-1 Rajasthan Armed Constabulary
1952 East Bengal Club 1-0 Hyderabad City Police
1953 Mohun Bagan AC 4-0 National Defence Academy
1954 Hyderabad City Police 1-1, 1-0 Hindustan Aircraft Limited
1955 Madras Regimental Centre 3-2 Indian Air Force
1956 East Bengal Club 2-0 Hyderabad City Police
1957 Hyderabad City Police 2-1 East Bengal Club
1958 Madras Regimental Centre 2-0 Gorkha Brigade
1959 Mohun Bagan AC 1-1, 3-1 Mohammedan Sporting Club
1960 aaaaa !Mohun Bagan AC & East Bengal Club - (joint winners) 1-1, 0-0
1961 Andhra Pradesh Police 1-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1962 aaaaa ! Tournament not held, due to Indo-China War
1963 Mohun Bagan AC 0-0, 2-0 Andhra Pradesh Police
1964 Mohun Bagan AC 2-0 East Bengal Club
1965 Mohun Bagan AC 2-0 Punjab Police
1966 Gorkha Brigade 2-0 Sikh Regimental Centre
1967 East Bengal Club 1-0 Bengal-Nagpur Railway
1968 Border Security Force 1-0 East Bengal Club
1969 Gorkha Brigade 1-0 Border Security Force
1970 East Bengal Club 2-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1971 Border Security Force 0-0, 1-0 Leaders Club Jalandhar
1972 East Bengal Club 0-0, 1-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1973 Border Security Force 2-1 Rajasthan Armed Constabulary (Bikaner)
1974 Mohun Bagan AC 3-2 JCT Mills
1975 Border Security Force 1-1, 2-1 JCT Mills
1976 aaaaa ! Border Security Force & JCT Mills - (joint winners) 0-0, 0-0
1977 Mohun Bagan AC 1-1, 2-1 JCT Mills
1978 East Bengal Club 3-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1979 Mohun Bagan AC 1-0 Punjab Police
1980 Mohun Bagan AC 1-0 Mohammedan Sporting Club
1981 Border Security Force 1-0 JCT Mills
1982 aaaaa ! Mohun Bagan AC & East Bengal Club - (joint winners) 0-0
1983 JCT Mills 2-1 Mohun Bagan AC
1984 Mohun Bagan AC 2-0 East Bengal Club
1985 Mohun Bagan AC 0-0 (aet, 3-2 pens) JCT Mills
1986 Mohun Bagan AC 1-0 East Bengal Club
1987 JCT Mills 1-0 Mohun Bagan AC
1988 Border Security Force 3-2 East Bengal Club
1989 East Bengal Club 0-0 (aet, 3-1 pens) Mohun Bagan AC
1990 East Bengal Club 3-2 Mahindra & Mahindra
1991 East Bengal Club 1-1 (aet, 5-3 pens) Border Security Force
1992 JCT Mills 1-0 Mohammedan Sporting Club
1993 East Bengal Club 1-0 Punjab State Electricity Board
1994 Mohun Bagan AC 1-0 East Bengal Club
1995 East Bengal Club 0-0 (aet, 4-3 pens) Tata Football Academy
1996 JCT Mills 1-0 al-Naft (Baghdad)
1997 FC Kochin 3-1 Mohun Bagan AC
1998 Mahindra & Mahindra 2-1 East Bengal Club
1999 Salgaocar Sports Club 0-0 (aet, 3-2 [pens) East Bengal Club
2000 Mohun Bagan AC 1-1, 1-0 (Golden goal) Mahindra United
2001-02 Mahindra United 5-0 Churchill Brothers SC
2002-03 East Bengal Club 3-0 Army XI
2003-04 Salgaocar Sports Club 1-1 (aet, 4-3 pens) East Bengal Club
2005 Army XI 0-0 (aet, 5-4 pens) Sporting Clube de Goa
2006 Dempo Sports Club 1-0 JCT Mills
2007 Churchill Brothers SC 1-0 Mahindra United
2008 Mahindra United 3-2 Churchill Brothers SC
2009 Churchill Brothers SC 3-1 Mohun Bagan AC
2010 Prayag United S.C. 1-0 JCT FC
2011 Churchill Brothers SC 5-4 Prayag United S.C.
2012 Air India 3-2 Dodsal
2013 Mohammedan Sporting Club 2-1 ONGC
2014 Salgaocar FC 1-0 Pune
2016 Army Green 0-0(aet,6-5 pens) NEROCA [5][6]
Finals performance by team[edit]
Finals
appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Last win
27 Mohun Bagan AC 16 11 59.25 2000
26 East Bengal Club 16 10 61.54 2003
9 Border Security Force 7 2 77.78 1988
11 JCT Mills 5 6 .454 1996
7 Black Watch 5 2 .714 1920
6 Highland Light Infantry 5 1 .833 1895
7 Hyderabad City Police 4 3 .571 1954
6 Lancashire Fusiliers 4 2 .666 1922
6 Mahindra United 3 3 .500 2008
4 York & Lancaster Regiment 3 1 .750 1930
5 Churchill Brothers SC 3 2 .600 2011
3 Salgaocar Sports Club 3 0 1.000 2014
4 Border Regiment 2 2 .500 1937
3 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2 1 .666 1907
3 Gorkha Brigade 2 1 .666 1969
3 Royal Scots Fusiliers 2 1 .666 1912
3 Sherwood Foresters 2 1 .666 1928
2 King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2 0 1.000 1933
2 Madras Regimental Centre 2 0 1.000 1958
2 King's Own Scottish Borderers 2 0 1.000 1892
2 South Wales Borderers 2 0 1.000 1901
4 Mohammedan Sporting Club 2 2 .250 2013
1 FC Kochin 1 0 1.000 1997
1 Prayag United S.C. 1 0 1.000 2010
1 Air India 1 0 1.000 2012
1 Army Green 1 0 1.000 2016
References[edit]
Jump up ^ durandfootball.com
Jump up ^ "The 121st Osian's-Durand Cup to Kick off Tomarrow". Ministry of Defence, Press Information Bureau. 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
Jump up ^ Iyer, Satyanarayan (July 15, 2014). "Durand Cup football tournament to be held in Goa in October". The Hindu. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
Jump up ^ "About us". Durand Football. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
Jump up ^ "Army Green beat Neroca FC to win Durand Cup". Times of India. 11 September 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Durand Cup Football: Army Green Crowned Champions After Shoot-Out". NDTV. 11 September 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
External links[edit]
Durand Cup website
Durand Cup on Facebook
List of past winners and runners up
RSSSF.com - India - List of Durand Cup Finals
[show]
v
t
e
Durand Cup seasons
1893-1900
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901-2000
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919 (not held due to WWI)
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939 (not held due to WWII)
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949 (not held due to WWII and Partition)
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 (not held due to 1962 War)
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001-present
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2016
See also
Federation Cup
I-League
IFA Shield
National Football League (defunct)
Rovers Cup (defunct)
[show]
v
t
e
Durand Cup winners
1888–1900
Royal Scots Fusiliers (1888)
Highland Light Infantry (1889)
Highland Light Infantry (1890)
King's Own Scottish Borderers (1891)
King's Own Scottish Borderers (1892)
Highland Light Infantry (1893)
Highland Light Infantry (1894)
Highland Light Infantry (1895)
Somerset Light Infantry (1896)
Black Watch (1897)
Black Watch (1898)
Black Watch (1899)
South Wales Borderers (1900)
1901–1920
South Wales Borderers (1901)
Hampshire Regiment (1902)
Royal Irish Rifles (1903)
North Staffordshire Regiment (1904)
Royal Dragoons (1905)
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (1906)
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (1907)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1908)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1909)
Royal Scots (1910)
Black Watch (1911)
Royal Scots (1912)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1913)
Not held (1914)
Not held (1915)
Not held (1916)
Not held (1917)
Not held (1918)
Not held (1919)
Black Watch (1920)
1921–1940
Worcestershire Regiment (1921)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1922)
Cheshire Regiment (1923)
Worcestershire Regiment (1924)
Sherwood Foresters (1925)
Durham Light Infantry (1926)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1927)
Sherwood Foresters (1928)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1929)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1930)
Devonshire Regiment (1931)
King's Shropshire Light Infantry (1932)
King's Shropshire Light Infantry (1933)
Royal Signals (1934)
Border Regiment (1935)
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (1936)
Border Regiment (1937)
South Wales Borderers (1938)
Not held (1939)
Mohammedan Sporting Club (1940)
1941–1960
Not held (1941)
Not held (1942)
Not held (1943)
Not held (1944)
Not held (1945)
Not held (1946)
Not held (1947)
Not held (1948)
Not held (1949)
Hyderabad City Police (1950)
East Bengal (1951)
East Bengal (1952)
Mohun Bagan (1953)
Hyderabad City Police (1954)
Madras Regimental Centre (1955)
East Bengal (1956)
Hyderabad City Police (1957)
Madras Regimental Centre (1958)
Mohun Bagan (1959)
Mohun Bagan and East Bengal (1960)
1961–1980
Andhra Pradesh Police (1961)
Not held (1962)
Mohun Bagan (1963)
Mohun Bagan (1964)
Mohun Bagan (1965)
Gorkha Brigade (1966)
East Bengal (1967)
Border Security Force (1968)
Gorkha Brigade (1969)
East Bengal (1970)
Border Security Force (1971)
East Bengal (1972)
Border Security Force (1973)
Mohun Bagan (1974)
Border Security Force (1975)
Border Security Force and JCT Mills (1976)
Mohun Bagan (1977)
East Bengal (1978)
Mohun Bagan (1979)
Mohun Bagan (1980)
1981–2000
Border Security Force (1981)
Mohun Bagan and East Bengal (1982)
JCT Mills (1983)
Mohun Bagan (1984)
Mohun Bagan (1985)
Mohun Bagan (1986)
JCT Mills (1987)
Border Security Force (1988)
East Bengal (1989)
East Bengal (1990)
East Bengal (1991)
JCT Mills (1992)
East Bengal (1993)
Mohun Bagan (1994)
East Bengal (1995)
JCT Mills (1996)
FC Kochin (1997)
Mahindra & Mahindra (1998)
Salgaocar Sports Club (1999)
Mohun Bagan (2000)
2001–present
Mahindra United (2001-02)
East Bengal (2002-03)
Salgaocar Sports Club (2003-04)
Army XI (2005)
Dempo Sports Club (2006)
Churchill Brothers SC (2007)
Mahindra United (2008)
Churchill Brothers SC (2009)
Prayag United S.C. (2010)
Churchill Brothers SC (2011)
Air India (2012)
Mohammedan Sporting Club (2013)
Salgaocar Sports Club (2014)
Army Green (2016)
Notes: The tournament was not held from 1914-19 (due to WWI), in 1939 (due to WWII), from 1941-49 (due to WWII and Partition) and in 1962 (due to 1962 War)
[show]
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British Shorthair
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British Shorthair
Classic "British Blue" Shorthair
Origin
Great Britain
Breed standards
CFA
standard
FIFe
standard
TICA
standard
WCF
standard
FFE
standard
AACE
standard
ACF
standard
ACFA/CAA
standard
CCA-AFC
standard
Other
CCCofA standard
Domestic cat (Felis catus)
The British Shorthair is the pedigreed version of the traditional British domestic cat, with a distinctively chunky body, dense coat and broad face. The most familiar color variant is the "British Blue", a solid blue-gray with copper eyes, medium tail, but the breed has also been developed in a wide range of other colours and patterns, including tabby and colorpoint.
It is one of the most ancient cat breeds known, probably originating from European domestic cats imported into Britain by the invading Romans in the first century AD. In modern times it remains the most popular pedigreed breed in its native country, as registered by the UK's Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF).
The breed's good-natured appearance and relatively calm temperament make it a frequent media star, notably as the inspiration for John Tenniel's famous illustration of the Cheshire Cat from Alice in Wonderland. The Cat Fanciers' Association profile reads: "When gracelessness is observed, the British Shorthair is duly embarrassed, quickly recovering with a 'Cheshire cat smile'”.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Description
2.1 Appearance
2.2 Coat and colour
2.3 Temperament
3 Health
4 In popular culture
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The origins of the British Shorthair most likely date back to the first century AD, making it one of the most ancient identifiable cat breeds in the world.[citation needed] It is thought that the invading Romans initially brought Egyptian domestic cats to Great Britain; these cats then interbred with the local European wildcat population. Over the centuries, their naturally isolated descendants developed into distinctively large, robust cats with a short but very thick coat, the better to withstand conditions on their native islands. Based on artists' representations, the modern British Shorthair is basically unchanged from this initial type.[2]
An early example of the "English type" Blue Shorthair, from Frances Simpson's Book of the Cat, 1903
Selective breeding of the best examples of the type began in the nineteenth century, with emphasis on developing the unusual blue-grey variant called the "British Blue" or "English type" (to distinguish it from the more fine-boned "Russian type") in particular. Some sources directly credit UK artist and pioneering cat fancier Harrison Weir with the initial concept of standardizing the breed; others suggest a group of breeders may have been involved. The new British Shorthair was featured at the first-ever cat show, organised by Weir and held at the Crystal Palace in London in 1871, and enjoyed great initial popularity.[3]
By the 1890s, however, with the advent of the newly imported Persian and other long-haired breeds, the British Shorthair had fallen out of favour, and breeding stock had become critically rare by World War I.[citation needed] At least partially to alleviate this, British Shorthair breeders mixed Persians into their bloodlines.[citation needed] The genes thus introduced would eventually become the basis for the British Longhair; at the time, however, any long-haired cats produced were placed into the Persian breeding program.[citation needed] As all cats with the "blue" colouration were then judged together as variants on a de facto single breed, the Blue Shorthair, outcrossings of the British with the Russian Blue were also common.[2]
A young British Blue male showing the copper eyes typical of cats with 'blue' fur.
After the war, in an attempt to maintain the breed standard, the GCCF decided to accept only third-generation Persian/British Shorthair crosses.[citation needed] This contributed to another shortage of pure breeding stock by World War II, at which point the Persian and Russian Blue were reintroduced into the mix.[citation needed] British Shorthair breeders also worked with the French Chartreux, another ancient breed, which although genetically unrelated to the British Blue is a very similar cat in appearance. After the war, breeders worked to re-establish the true British type, and by the late 1970s the distinctive British Shorthair had achieved formal recognition from both the American a (CFA) and The International Cat Association (TICA).[2] According to the GCCF's 2013 registry data, it is once again the most popular pedigreed breed in its native country.[4]
Description[edit]
Appearance[edit]
A fully mature British Blue male, showing the characteristic heavy jowls and unique "crisp" texture of the coat
The British Shorthair is a relatively powerful, sturdy and compact cat, having a broad chest, strong thick-set legs with rounded paws and a medium-length, blunt-tipped tail. The head is relatively large and rounded, with a short muzzle, fat chests, broad cheeks (most noticeable in mature males, who tend to develop prominent jowls) and large round eyes that are deep coppery orange in the British Blue and otherwise vary in colour depending on the coat. Their medium-sized ears are broad at the base and widely set.[5]
The 'British Blue' variant can often be confused with the grey Scottish Fold. However, the Shorthair can be characterised by having its pointy triangle ears, whereas the Fold has softer, folded ears.
They are slow to mature in comparison with most cat breeds, reaching full physical development at approximately three years of age. Unusually among domestic cats they are a noticeably sexually dimorphic breed, with males averaging 9–17 lb (4.1–7.7 kg) and females 7–12 lb (3.2–5.4 kg).[6]
Coat and colour[edit]
The British Shorthair's coat is one of the breed's defining features. It is very dense but does not have an undercoat; thus, the texture is plush rather than woolly or fluffy, with a firm, "crisp" pile that breaks noticeably over the cat's body as it moves.[2][5]
Although the British Blue remains the most familiar variant, British Shorthairs have been developed in many other colours and patterns. Black, blue, white, red, cream, silver, golden and—most recently—cinnamon and fawn are accepted by all official standards, either solid or in colourpoint, tabby, shaded and bicolour patterns; the GCCF and TICA also accept chocolate and its dilute lilac, disallowed in the CFA standard.[7] All colours and patterns also have tortoiseshell variants.[5]
4-month-old golden shaded male kitten
5-month-old lilac female kitten
Blue bicolour adult male
Fawn and white bicolour adult male
Seal point with white adult female
Dilute blue-cream calico adult female
Temperament[edit]
They are an easygoing and dignified breed, not as active and playful as many but sweet-natured and devoted to their owners, making them a favourite of animal trainers. They tend to be safe around other pets and children since they will tolerate a fair amount of physical interaction, but as a rule do not like to be picked up or carried. They require only minimal grooming and take well to being kept as indoor-only cats; however, they can be prone to obesity unless care is taken with their diet.[2][6]
Health[edit]
The UK breed committee considers the British Shorthair a long-lived cat, with a life expectancy of 14–20 years.[8] Vet clinic data from England shows a median lifespan of 11.8 years.[9] Swedish insurance data puts the median lifespan of the breed at >12.5 years. 82% of British Shorthairs lived to 10 years or more and 54% lived to 12.5 years or more.[10]
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be a problem in the breed. A Danish prevalence study with more than 329 cats showed that 20.4% of males and 2.1% of the females had HCM. On top of this 6.4% of males and 3.5% of females were judged to be equivocal.[11][11] HCM testing of males used for breeding is now mandatory for breeders organized under the Danish Fife member, Felis Danica.[12]
The breed is thought to be at high risk of polycystic kidney disease (PKD).[13] A DNA test lab has noted a significant decrease of the PKD mutations in tested populations. Carrier frequency is now at 1%.[14]
In popular culture[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Happycat (arguably the first lolcat, and also known as the "I Can Has Cheezburger?" cat), a male British Blue, is the star of a meme started on the Something Awful forums. The original picture apparently came from the front page of happycat.ru, a Russian cat food company.
Sir John Tenniel's famous illustration of the Cheshire Cat in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll is based on the British Shorthair.
Smokey the cat in E.B. White's children's novel Stuart Little was a British Blue.
A silver tabby British Shorthair is the mascot of Whiskas brand cat food.
Winston Churchill (Church) from Pet Sematary is a British Blue.
Toby, of the ABC prime time drama Desperate Housewives, is a British Shorthair.
Arlene, Garfield the cat's girlfriend, is portrayed as a British Blue in Garfield: The Movie
Mick, from Kamen Rider W, is a British Shorthair who can turn into the Smilodon Dopant.
Ruby in the film adaptation of the memoir Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen is a British Blue.
Puss in Boots from the Shrek franchise is described as and closely resembles a British Shorthair, although he speaks with a strong Spanish accent.
Tsim Tung Brother Cream, a famous Hong Kong cat, is a cream and white British Shorthair.
Sir Claude the cat in the Australian CGI-animated film Blinky Bill the Movie is based on the iconic children's books by Dorothy Wall. Sir Claude is a feral British Shorthair cat voiced by Rufus Sewell.
One of the villains in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable is a British Blue which transforms into a plant.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Geyer, Georgie Anne. When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats. Transaction Publishers. p. 219.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "British Shorthair". The International Cat Association. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "British Shorthair Cats | British Shorthair Cat Breed Info & Pictures | petMD". www.petmd.com. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
Jump up ^ "GCCF: Registry data analysis 2013" (PDF). www.gccfcats.org. Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (UK). Retrieved 27 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "British Shorthair Breed Standard" (PDF). www.cfainc.org. Cat Fanciers' Association. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "CFA: Introduction to the British Shorthair". www.cfainc.org. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "GCCF: British Shorthair breeding policy" (PDF). www.gccfcats.org. Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (UK). 12 Sep 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Breeding Policy for the British Shorthair" (PDF). British Shorthair Breed Advisory Committee. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
Jump up ^ O'Neill, D. G. (2014). "Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 17: 125–33. doi:10.1177/1098612X14536176. PMID 24925771. "n=69, median=11.8, IQR 5.8-16.3, range 0.0-21.0"
Jump up ^ Egenvall, A.; Nødtvedt, A.; Häggström, J.; Ström Holst, B.; Möller, L.; Bonnett, B. N. (2009). "Mortality of Life-Insured Swedish Cats during 1999—2006: Age, Breed, Sex, and Diagnosis". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 23 (6): 1175–1183. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x. PMID 19780926.
^ Jump up to: a b Granström, S.; Nyberg Godiksen, M. T.; Christiansen, M.; Pipper, C. B.; Willesen, J. T.; Koch, J. (2011). "Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Cohort of British Shorthair Cats in Denmark". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 25 (4): 866–871. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0751.x. PMID 21736622.
Jump up ^ "Felis Danica". Felisdanica.dk. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
Jump up ^ "Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): Gene test and negative register". International Cat Care. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "PKD - Polycystic Kidney Disease - British Shorthair". Antagene. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
External links[edit]
Look up british shorthair in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to British shorthair.
The Interest Group Cat’s Healthy Hearts Association (IG HGK)
British Shorthair kitten information, sources, breeders
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