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List of most subscribed YouTube channels
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This list of most subscribed users on YouTube contains the top 50 channels with the most subscribers on the video platform YouTube.[1] The ability to "subscribe" to a user's channel was added to YouTube by late October 2005,[2] and the "most subscribed" list on YouTube began as a chart by May 2006, at which time Smosh was number one with fewer than 3,000 subscribers.[3] Since December 22, 2013, the most subscribed user has been PewDiePie with 57 million followers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Top channels
1.1 All-time
1.2 By country
2 Historical most subscribed channels
2.1 Timeline
3 Reactions
4 See also
5 References
Top channels[edit]
All-time[edit]
The following table lists the top 50 most subscribed channels on YouTube, with each total rounded down to the nearest million subscribers, as well as the network, country and language of each channel. Channels marked as "Auto-generated by YouTube" (such as Music, Gaming, Sports and Movies) are not included. As of September 27, 2017, 30 out of the 50 top channels originate from English-speaking countries (21 from the United States) and 35 are English-language channels.[1]
Vevo channel
Self-owned channel (without a network)
Rank
Chg
Channel name
Network
Country
Language
Subscribers[4]
(millions)
1. PewDiePie N/A Sweden English 57
2. HolaSoyGerman.[5] HolaSoyGerman Chile Spanish 32
3. JustinBieberVEVO[6] Vevo Canada English 31
4. elrubiusOMG[7] Mixicom Spain Spanish 25
5. RihannaVEVO[8] Vevo Barbados English
6. YouTube Spotlight[9] Google United States
7. T-Series[10] tseriesmusic India Hindi
8. TaylorSwiftVEVO[11] Vevo United States English 24
9. KatyPerryVEVO[12]
10. Fernanfloo[13] BroadbandTV El Salvador Spanish 23
11. whinderssonnunes[14] N/A Brazil Portuguese
12. EminemVEVO[15] Vevo United States English
13. Dude Perfect[16] N/A 22
14. Smosh[17] Break
15. OneDirectionVEVO[18] Vevo United Kingdom
16. JuegaGerman[19] HolaSoyGerman Chile Spanish 21
17. VanossGaming[20] N/A Canada English
18. Ed Sheeran[21] WMG United Kingdom
19. TheEllenShow[22] Time Warner United States 20
20. nigahiga[23] N/A
21. VEGETTA777[24] Mixicom Spain Spanish 19
22. Yuya[25] N/A Mexico
23. Canal KondZilla[26] ONErpm Brazil Portuguese 18
24. Spinnin' Records[27] Spinnin Records Netherlands English
25. Markiplier[28] Maker Studios United States
26. ArianaGrandeVevo[29] Vevo
27. WWE[30] WWE 17
28. JennaMarbles[31] N/A
29. KSI[32] StyleHaul United Kingdom
30. Bruno Mars[33] WMG United States
31. jacksepticeye[34] Maker Studios Ireland 16
32. shakiraVEVO[35] Vevo Colombia English /
Spanish
33. DanTDM[36] StyleHaul United Kingdom English
34. Skrillex[37] N/A United States
35. FBE[38]
36. Trap Nation[39] 15
37. WatchMojo.com[40] WatchMojo Canada
38. AdeleVEVO[41] Vevo United Kingdom
39. enchufetv[42] N/A Ecuador Spanish
40. SET India[43] SET India Hindi
41. David Guetta[44] Vevo France English 14
42. Vevo[45] United States
43. The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon[46] NBCU Shows
44. ERB[47] Maker Studios
45. Maroon5VEVO[48] Vevo
46. Felipe Neto[49] N/A Brazil Portuguese
47. SelenaGomezVEVO[50] Vevo United States English
48. Werevertumorro[51] sevenludus Mexico Spanish 13
49. CanalCanalha[52] Endemol beyond Brasil Brazil Portuguese
50. PTXofficial[53] N/A United States English
As of September 27, 2017
By country[edit]
The following table lists the YouTube channels with the greatest number of subscribers by the country or territory that their channel originates from.[1] Only countries that have at least one channel with over 1 million subscribers are included.
Rank
Chg
Country
Channel name
Subscribers
(millions)
1. Sweden PewDiePie[54] 57
2. Chile HolaSoyGerman.[5] 32
3. Canada JustinBieberVEVO[6] 31
4. Spain elrubiusOMG[7] 25
5. USA YouTube Spotlight[9]
6. Barbados RihannaVEVO[8]
7. India T-Series[10] 24
8. El Salvador Fernanfloo[13] 23
9. Brazil whinderssonnunes[14]
10. UK OneDirectionVEVO[18] 22
11. Mexico Yuya[25] 19
12. Netherlands Spinnin' Records[27] 18
13. Ireland jacksepticeye[34] 16
14. Colombia shakiraVEVO[35]
15. Ecuador enchufetv[42] 14
16. France David Guetta[44]
17. Russia Get Movies[55] 12
18. Puerto Rico LuisFonsiVEVO[56]
19. Ukraine EeOneGuy[57]
20. South Korea SMTOWN[58] 11
21. Venezuela Dross Rotzank[59]
22. Finland Clash of Clans[60]
23. Thailand GMM GRAMMY OFFICIAL[61] 9
24. Australia HowToBasic[62]
25. Argentina El Reino Infantil[63] 8
26. Norway Alan Walker[64]
27. South Africa Caspar Lee[65] 7
28. Italy Marzia[66]
29. Turkey netd müzik[67] 6
30. Austria Red Bull[68]
31. Philippines ABS-CBN Entertainment[69]
32. Belgium Tomorrowland[70] 5
33. Germany freekickerz[71]
34. Japan はじめしゃちょー (hajime)[72]
35. Jordan toyoraljanahtv[73] 4
36. Saudi Arabia Rotana[74]
37. Portugal SirKazzio[75]
38. Peru whatdafaqshow[76]
39. UAE MBC GROUP[77]
40. Vietnam POPS MUSIC[78] 3
41. Iraq الرماس ميوزك[79]
42. Romania Cat Music[80]
43. Uruguay dosogas[81]
44. Poland SA Wardega[82]
45. Morocco Saad Lamjarred[83]
46. Latvia TrapMusicHDTV[84]
47. Denmark LEGO[85]
48. New Zealand Shaaanxo[86]
49. Israel TuTiTuTV[87]
50. Czechia ViralBrothers[88] 2
51. Indonesia Raditya Dika[89]
52. Croatia 2CELLOS[90]
53. Egypt Albernameg[91]
54. Pakistan Coke Studio[92]
55. Belarus tellblog.net[93] 1
56. Taiwan B'in Music[94]
57. Bulgaria Bodil40[95]
58. Switzerland Typhoon Cinema[96]
59. Kuwait Swar Shuaib[97]
60. Kazakhstan Saspens[98]
61. Malaysia Les' Copaque Production[99]
62. China Hunan Television[100]
63. Slovakia GoGoManTV[101]
64. Serbia IDJVideos.TV[102]
65. Palestine M.A TUBE[103]
66. Qatar Al Jazeera Arabic قناة الجزيرة[104]
67. Algeria Oum Walid[105]
68. Slovenia Tiger Productions[106]
69. Dominican Republic Carlos Montesquieu[107]
70. Panama Windy GirkTV[108]
71. Nigeria MarkAngelComedy[109]
72. Lebanon Elissa[110]
73. Nepal Music Nepal[111]
74. Jamaica JavierNathaniel[112]
75. Singapore Clicknetwork[113]
76. Hong Kong 蘋果動新聞 HK Apple Daily[114]
As of September 27, 2017
Historical most subscribed channels[edit]
The following table lists the last 16 channels to become YouTube's most subscribed channel, from May 2006 to present.
Current record
Former record
Channel name
Network / owner
Country
Date achieved
Days held
Reference
PewDiePie[54] Felix Kjellberg Sweden Dec 22, 2013 1,375 [115]
YouTube Spotlight[9] Google USA Dec 12, 2013 10 [116][117]
PewDiePie[54] Felix Kjellberg Sweden Dec 8, 2013 4 [115]
YouTube Spotlight[9] Google USA Nov 2, 2013 36 [118]
PewDiePie[54] Felix Kjellberg Sweden Aug 15, 2013 80 [119]
Smosh[17] Defy Media USA Jan 12, 2013 215 [120][121]
Ray William Johnson[122] Ray Johnson Jun 28, 2011 564 [123][124]
nigahiga[23] Ryan Higa Aug 20, 2009 677 [125][126]
Fяᴇᴅ[127] Lucas Cruikshank Oct 6, 2008 318 [128]
nigahiga[23] nigahiga Sep 24, 2008 12 [128]
Smosh[17] Defy Media Apr 26, 2007 517 [129]
lonelygirl15[130] Mesh Flinders Sep 17, 2006 221 [131][132][133]
geriatric1927[134] Peter Oakley UK Aug 17, 2006 31 [135]
Brookers[136] Brooke Brodack USA Jul 3, 2006 45 [137][138]
Judson Laipply[139] Judson Laipply Jun 12, 2006 21 [115][140]
Smosh[17] Defy Media May 17, 2006 26 [141]
As of September 27, 2017
Timeline[edit]
Timeline of Most Subscribed Channels (May 2006 – Sep 2017)
Reactions[edit]
In late 2006, when Peter Oakley, also known as Geriatric1927, became most subscribed, a number of TV channels wanted to interview him on his rise to fame. The Daily Mail and TechBlog did an article about him and his success. In 2009, the FRED channel was the first to have over one million subscribers.
Following the third time that Smosh became most subscribed, Ray William Johnson collaborated with the duo.[142] A flurry of top YouTubers including Ryan Higa, Shane Dawson, Felix Kjellberg, Michael Buckley, Kassem Gharaibeh, The Fine Brothers, and Johnson himself, congratulated the duo shortly after they surpassed Johnson as the most subscribed channel.[143]
See also[edit]
List of most viewed YouTube videos
List of most viewed Vevo videos
List of most liked YouTube videos
List of most disliked YouTube videos
List of most viewed online videos in the first 24 hours
List of most viewed online trailers in the first 24 hours
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Top 100 sorted by Subscribers. YouTubers sorted by Subscribers - Socialblade YouTube Stats | YouTube Statistics". socialblade.com. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "It's been awhile since our last update". Official YouTube Blog. Blogspot. October 25, 2005. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Most Subscribed Members - May 17, 2006, youtube.com
Jump up ^ "Track YouTube analytics, future predictions, & live subscriber counts - Social Blade". socialblade.com. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "HolaSoyGerman.". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "JustinBieberVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "elrubiusOMG". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "RihannaVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "YouTube Spotlight". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "T-Series". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "TaylorSwiftVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "KatyPerryVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fernanfloo". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "whinderssonnunes". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "EminemVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dude Perfect". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Smosh". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "OneDirectionVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "JuegaGerman". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "VanossGaming". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ed Sheeran". YouTube. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TheEllenShow". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "nigahiga". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "VEGETTA777". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yuya". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Canal KondZilla". YouTube. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spinnin' Records". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Markiplier". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ArianaGrandeVevo". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "WWE". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "JennaMarbles". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "KSI". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bruno Mars". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "jacksepticeye". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "shakiraVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "DanTDM". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Skrillex". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fine Brothers Entertainment". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "TrapNation". YouTube. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "WatchMojo.com". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AdeleVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "enchufetv". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SET India". YouTube. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "David Guetta". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Vevo". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ERB". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maroon5VEVO". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Felipe Neto". YouTube. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SelenaGomezVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Werevertumorro". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "CanalCanalha". YouTube. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "PTXofficial". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "PewDiePie". YouTube. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Get Movies". YouTube. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LuisFonsiVEVO". YouTube. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "EeOneGuy". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SMTOWN". YouTube. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dross Rotzank". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Clash of Clans". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "GMM GRAMMY OFFICIAL". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "HowToBasic". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "El Reino Infantil". YouTube. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alan Walker". YouTube. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caspar Lee". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Marzia". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "netd müzik". YouTube. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Red Bull". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ABS-CBN Entertainment". YouTube. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tomorrowland". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "freekickerz". YouTube. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "はじめしゃちょー（hajime）". YouTube. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "toyoraljanahtv". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rotana". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SirKazzio". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "whatdafaqshow". YouTube. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MBC GROUP". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "POPS MUSIC". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "الرماس ميوزك". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cat Music". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "dosogas". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SA Wardega". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Saad Lamjarred". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TrapMusicHDTV". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LEGO". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Shaaanxo". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TuTiTuTV". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ViralBrothers". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Raditya Dika". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2CELLOS". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Albernameg". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Coke Studio". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "tellblog.net". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "相信音樂BinMusic". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bodil40". YouTube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Typhoon Cinema". Youtube. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swar Shuaib". YouTube. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Saspens". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Les' Copaque Production". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "湖南卫视芒果TV官方频道 China HunanTV Official Channel". YouTube. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "GoGoManTV". YouTube. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "IDJVideos.TV". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "M.A TUBE". YouTube. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Al Jazeera Arabic قناة الجزيرة". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oum Walid". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tiger Productions". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Carlos Montesquieu". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Windy GirkTV". YouTube. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MarkAngelComedy". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Elissa". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Music Nepal". YouTube. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "JavierNathaniel". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Clicknetwork". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "蘋果動新聞 HK Apple Daily". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dryden, Liam (16 March 2017). "A Complete Timeline Of Every “Most Subscribed” YouTuber In History". We The Unicorns. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "PewDiePie - YouTube". 2013-12-22. Archived from the original on 2013-12-22. Retrieved 2016-09-11. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "YouTube Spotlight - YouTube". 2013-12-22. Archived from the original on 2013-12-22. Retrieved 2016-09-11. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ joshuajcohen (2013-11-04). "YouTube Is Now The Most Subscribed Channel On YouTube". Tubefilter. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ joshuajcohen (2013-08-16). "It's Official: PewDiePie Becomes #1 Most Subscribed Channel On YouTube". Tubefilter. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ joshuajcohen (2013-01-12). "Smosh Passes Ray William Johnson as #1 Most Subscribed YouTube Channel". Tubefilter. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "SMOSH Becomes The #1 Most-Subscribed YouTube Channel - New Media Rockstars". 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Ray William Johnson". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Humphrey, Michael. "Ray William Johnson: =3 Adds Up To Most-Subscribed On YouTube". Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Ray William Johnson Surpasses Nigahiga To Become The Most Subscribed YouTuber Of All Time". socialtimes.com. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ Parr, Ben. "DETHRONED: Fred No Longer #1 on YouTube". Mashable. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ William Hyde (2009-08-21), YouTube Winners & Losers! NigaHiga and Fred, retrieved 2016-09-11
Jump up ^ "FRED". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b BuckHollywood (2008-10-06), Fred, Smosh or Nigahiga?!, retrieved 2016-09-11
Jump up ^ Heffernan, Virginia. "A Big Deal: The Run-Off on YouTube!!". Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "lonelygirl15". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "YouTube Stars!: The Lonelygirl15 Story". Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ Jr, Tom Zeller (2006-09-17). "Lonelygirl15: Prank, Art or Both". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Internet Memes of All Time12. Lonelygirl15". Complex. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "geriatric1927". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The meteoric rise of geriatric1927". 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Brookers". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Brooke BRODACK | EMC". www.entertainment-masterclass.tv. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
Jump up ^ "YouTube - Most Subscribed Channels". 2006-07-03. Archived from the original on 2006-07-03. Retrieved 2016-09-11. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Judson Laipply". YouTube. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gutelle, Sam (March 15, 2017). "The History Of YouTube’s Most-Subscribed Channels Is A Fun Nostalgia Trip". tubefilter. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017. In the early days, anyone who made a big viral video could enter the top ten, with “Evolution of Dance” performer Judson Laipply even holding the top spot for a bit.
Jump up ^ "YouTube - Most Subscribed Members (This Month)". 2006-05-04. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2016-09-11. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Ray William Johnson (January 15, 2013). "RWJ vs SMOSH". YouTube. =3. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Joshua Cohen (January 12, 2013). "YouTubers Respond to Smosh Becoming #1 Most-Subscribed YouTube Channel". Tubefilter. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
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Alcoholic beverages in Oregon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
1914 Executive Order by Governor Oswald West, announcing the passage of prohibition by ballot initiative.
The U.S. state of Oregon has an extensive history of laws regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, dating back to 1844. It has been an alcoholic beverage control state, with the Oregon Liquor Control Commission holding a monopoly over the sale of all distilled beverages, since Prohibition. Today, there are thriving industries producing beer, wine, and liquor in the state. Alcohol may be purchased between 7 a.m. and 2:30 a.m. As of 2007, consumption of spirits is on the rise, while beer consumption is holding steady. Also, 11% of beer sold in Oregon was brewed in-state, the highest figure in the United States.
Oregon wine production began in the mid-19th century, before it was a state. By 1919, the industry had collapsed due to prohibition, and after prohibition ended fruit wines dominated the industry. The modern era of Oregon wine began in 1961, and the industry cemented its reputation in 1975 by winning a French award. In 2007, wine making was a $207.8 million business. Beer production began in 1852 with Henry Saxer's liberty brewing in Portland. In 1862 Henry Weinhard's bought the Liberty brewery. The company is now a part of the Miller Brewing Company, but it helped Portland to become the microbrewing capital of the world. Portland hosts North America's largest beerfest, and Oregon has produced a number of national and international award winning beers.
In 1844, the Oregon territories voted to prohibit alcoholic beverages. This was repealed in 1845, but prohibition was reinstated in a 1915, four years before the national alcohol prohibition. When national prohibition was repealed in 1933, the Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) was created. Unlike states that allow liquor sales in grocery stores, liquor in Oregon is sold only in OLCC run liquor stores and establishments that have liquor licenses, and the OLCC has strict guidelines and training to ensure that all licensed venues understand how to safely sell and serve alcoholic beverages.[1] Alcohol and alcoholism are also studied by the state at the Portland Alcohol Research Center.
Contents
[hide]
1 Consumption
1.1 Beer consumption
2 Production
2.1 Wine
2.2 Beer
2.3 Spirits
3 Legislative history
3.1 Ballot measures relating to alcohol
4 Research
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Consumption[edit]
Alcohol laws in Oregon permit the sale of beer, wine, and liquor, for on- or off-premises consumption, between 7 a.m. and 2:30 a.m.[2] In 2004, Oregonians consumed 5,103,000 US gallons (19,320,000 L) of distilled spirits, 11,132,000 US gallons (42,140,000 L) of wine, and 80,415,000 US gallons (304,400,000 L) of beer, ranking it 27th, 19th, and 27th respectively of US states.[3] Oregon had an estimated population of 3,594,586 in 2004, ranking it 27th among US states.[4]
In 2007, sales of spirits increased 9% over the previous year. Whiskey and vodka were the top sellers, while tequila had the largest percentage increase. Oregonian's top buy was Jack Daniel's, with 412,000 bottles sold. This was during a national spirits trend where manufacturers introduced new products and advertising aimed at young drinkers. Again in 2007, Oregon's 2.6 million adults on average drank 32 gallons of beer each, versus 4 gallons of wine and 2 gallons of spirits, but sales of beer hadn't increased like sales of spirits. The Oregon Department of Human Services reported that while drinking among 8th–11th graders has fallen nationally, it has increased in Oregon. The number of DUI offenses dropped between 2002 and 2005, from 25,342 to 23,455.[5]
Beer consumption[edit]
Salem Beer label from 1904.
The following table lists the amount of beer consumed in Oregon for the years 1997–2004 as reported in the 2005 Beer Handbook. The scale is in 1,000s of cases of beer. A case of beer is 24 12-ounce beers, for a total of 2.25 gallons per case.[3]
Year
Oregon
United States
1997 31,822 2,632,184
1998 32,242 2,667,752
1999 32,947 2,727,195
2000 33,398 2,765,670
2001 34,400 2,788,820
2002 34,650 2,824,710
2003 35,000 2,817,400
2004 35,740 2,838,400
Production[edit]
Wine[edit]
Main article: Oregon wine
Wine grapes were planted in Oregon in the Willamette Valley starting in 1847. A census in 1860 revealed that Oregon's wine production was 2,600 gallons. In the 1880s and 1890s, German immigrants began planting wine grapes in Southern Oregon. In the 1880s, Ernest Reuter garnered a reputation for his Klevner wines, grown in the Willamette Valley, west of Forest Grove. By 1919, the Oregon wine industry had collapsed due to the temperance movement and resulting prohibition. Fruit wines dominated Oregon's wine industry post-prohibition, and by 1938 there were 28 bonded wineries, producing wines based on berries, Concord grapes, and other American hybrids.[6]
Oregon's modern wine industry dates to 1961 when Hillcrest Vineyard in Roseburg began planting Riesling and small amounts of other grapes. In 1965, Oregon pinot noir was established when The Eyrie Vineyards planted grapes near Corvallis.[6] Oregon's wine reputation was made in 1979 when a French magazine ranked The Eyrie's 1975 Pinot noir third among 330 wines of the world.[7] By 2007, Oregon wineries were producing 1.7 million cases of wine for a total of $207.8 million in sales.[8]
There are several official American Viticultural Areas entirely within the state, including the Willamette Valley, Southern Oregon, Umpqua Valley, and Rogue Valley AVAs. Parts of the Columbia Gorge, Walla Walla Valley, and Snake River Valley AVAs lie within Oregon.[9] Pinot noir and Pinot gris are the top two grapes grown.[10]
Beer[edit]
Main article: Brewing in Oregon
In 1862, German immigrant Henry Weinhard founded a brewery in Portland. By the early 1880s it had become the Northwest's largest brewery. Weinhard once attempted to pump free beer through Portland's Skidmore Fountain. He died in 1904, but the company continued to do well, making it through prohibition by brewing soft drinks and merging with Arnold Blitz, a local competitor. Blitz-Weinhard was sold to the Pabst Brewing Company in 1979, and then again to the Miller Brewing Company in 1999. The company helped prepare Oregon beer drinkers for the arrival of microbrewing.[11]
Portland, Oregon is considered to be the nation's microbrew capital.[12][13][14] A microbrewery is defined as one that produces less than 15,000 barrels a year. Portland hosts the Oregon Brewers Festival, North America's largest beer festival. The microbrewery industry began in 1979 when President Jimmy Carter legalized home brewing. In 2006, 14 beers from eight Oregon breweries won medals at the Great American Beer Festival, out of 2,800 entries. Also in 2006, Oregon won 11 times at the World Beer Cup, in a field of 2,200 beers. In 2007, 11% of beer sold in Oregon was brewed in-state, the highest figure in the United States. According to the Oregon Hop Commission, in 2007, Oregon was also the second largest U.S. hops producer, after Washington.[14]
Spirits[edit]
Main article: List of distilleries in Portland, Oregon
As of 2008, Oregon contains 12 of the nation's 142 craft distilleries, up from six in 2006. In 2007, a law was approved allowing tasting rooms and direct sales to the public. Jim Dodge, purchasing manager for the OLCC, believes that the distilleries are an outgrowth of the microbrew industry, instead of the wine industry, as well as a societal change. Dodge explained that "there's been a recent shift from beer, and to some degree wine, to distilled spirits as the alcohol of choice."[15]
In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration determined that absinthe was legal, though it had been understood to be illegal for about 80 years. Portland distillery Integrity Spirits responded by releasing the second American-made absinthe, which was in high demand immediately upon its release.[16]
Legislative history[edit]
Oregon has been regulating alcohol through its laws for over 150 years. In 1844, the Oregon Territory voted to prohibit alcoholic beverages. This is often referred to as the first prohibition in the United States. The law was repealed in 1845.[17] From 1845 to 1915, various local laws governing alcohol were passed. In 1915, Oregonians voted to ban all alcohol, preceding national alcohol prohibition by four years.[17]
In 1933, national prohibition ended with a repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Oregon's governor, Julius Meier, appointed Dr. William S. Knox to study the situation. Knox recommended adopting the Canadian system of sales of alcohol by the state. The reasoning was that this would provide revenue and lower alcohol abuse.[17]
The Oregon Legislative Assembly held a special session and the OLCC was created days after the repeal of national prohibition.[18] Eighteen states in total chose to regulate alcohol. Oregon Revised Statutes Chapters 471, 472, 473 and 474 were the commission's enabling statutes. OAR Chapter 845 governed its administrative rules. The OLCC's mission is "to effectively regulate the sale, distribution, and responsible use of alcoholic beverages in order to protect Oregon's public health, safety and community livability."[17] However, under these laws bootlegging in Oregon was rife and Portland became infamous as a center of corruption.
In 1939, the advertising of hard liquor on billboards and in newspapers was voluntarily discontinued. Also, in 1939, a "club bill" was passed by the Legislative Assembly. The bill gave regulatory power to the OLCC over hotels, restaurants and private clubs where liquor was served. Lobbyists then succeeded in having the bill referred to the voters in 1940. Voters passed the bill in 1940.[17]
In 1944, the "Burke Bill" became law: wines with more than 14% alcohol could only be sold by Commission stores and agencies. Also in the 1940s, a "service bars" license was established. This restricted liquor licenses to establishments serving food. In 1949, the Legislative Assembly approved a method where establishments that sold liquor could ask for proof of age from patrons they thought were under the age of 21.[17] Measure 15—passed in 1952—amended the Constitution (Article I, section 39) to regulate the sale of liquor by the individual glass.[19]
Five more types of licenses were created in the 1950s, dealing with liquor-by-the-drink operations, industry agents, salesmen, out-of-state manufacturers of malt beverages, and conventions, group meetings, etc. In 1960, establishments were required to have food sales equal to 25% of their total sales. In the 1970s, the OLCC began enforcing the Oregon Bottle Bill and wines of up to 20% alcohol became allowed with certain licenses. In the 1980s, the number of OLCC commissioners was changed from three to five, to reflect the number of congressional districts. The 1990s saw a flurry of laws passed governing the OLCC's oversight of the newly numerous Oregon wineries and microbreweries.[17] House Bill 4028–passed in 2002–allowed liquor stores to operate on Sunday; they had previously been restricted to six days a week.[20]
This sort of licensing is very important for maintaining safe production and sales of alcoholic beverages in Oregon. Under Oregon law, specifically ORS 471.565, bars and restaurants can be held legally responsible for any damages to property or injuries incurred when an intoxicated person is served alcohol and causes a car crash.
Ballot measures relating to alcohol[edit]
The following ballot measures changed state policy on alcohol:
Measure 3 (1904), a "local option" law, passed.
Measure 17 (1914), Prohibition Constitutional Amendment: passed 57.7%[21]
Measure 9 (1916), Prohibition Amendment Forbidding Importation of Intoxicating Liquors for Beverage Purposes: passed with 51.2%.[22]
Measure 7 (1932), Bill to Repeal State Prohibition Law of Oregon: passed 59.8%[23]
Measure 7 (1944), Burke Bill; Only State Selling Liquor over 14 Hundredths Alcohol: passed 55.95%[24]
Measure 15 (1952), Constitutional Amendment Authorizing Alcoholic Liquor Sale by Individual Glass: passed 56.4%[19]
The following alcohol-related ballot measures have failed:
Measure 3 (1906), Amendment to local option law giving anti-prohibitionists and prohibitionists equal privileges: failed with 43.9% support.[25]
Measure 22 (1910), Prohibiting Liquor Traffic: failed 41.6%.[25]
Measure 23 (1910), Prohibiting the Sale of Liquors and Regulating Shipments of Same, and Providing for Search for Liquor: failed 40.2%.[25]
Measure 8 (1916), Permitting Manufacture and Regulating Sale 4 Percent Malt Liquors: failed with 38% support.[22]
Measure 11 (1938), Bill Regulating Sale of Alcoholic Liquor for Beverage Purposes: failed 34.7%[24]
Measure 6 (1940), Bill to Further Regulate Sale and Use of Alcoholic Liquor: failed 40.2%[24]
Measure 9 (1950), Making Sale of Promotively Advertised Alcoholic Beverage Unlawful: failed 23.1%[19]
Measure 5 (1988), Finances Intercollegiate Athletic Fund by Increasing Malt Beverage, Cigarette Taxes [26]
Research[edit]
The Portland Alcohol Research Center is a NIH-established effort funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. About 20 scientists and 60 people, mostly at OHSU,[27] are investigating science organized around ten components:[28]
Dependency using mice.
Molecular genetics responses affecting alcohol withdrawal and preference.
Quantitative trait locus which relates gene expression to genotypes.
Genetic analysis of gene expression.
Characterization of ethanol response on chromosome 11.
Massive search strategy for ethanol-related genes.
Genetic models of variation in impulsivity and alcoholism.
Genetics of alcohol-associated traits in monkeys.
A dedicated section (Pilot projects) launches 2 to 4 projects annually.
Educational outreach with three aims: K-12 schools, scientific education, and publication.
Additional themes and focuses include:
Genetic contributions to alcohol sensitivity
Permit is needed to make Alcohol.
Behavioral predispositions to the drug, such as impulse effects and dependency.
The center has trained medical students in alcohol-related issues for more than 30 years[27] and has published more than 380 papers and articles since 1996.[29]
See also[edit]
Alcohol laws of the United States by state
Drug policy of Oregon
Cannabis in Oregon
Fern Hobbs, West's personal secretary
Oregon Bottle Bill
Oswald West, former Governor and noted prohibitionist
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How to Get a Liquor License?". Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "OLCC Law Orientation Booklet for Retailers" (PDF). OLCC. August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Top metropolitan areas for beer, 2004". Beer Handbook. Bev-AL Communications, Inc. 2005-01-01. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Jump up ^ "Oregon". City-Data.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Har, Janie; Ryan Kost (July 19, 2007). "Cocktails push up liquor sales". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Hall, Lisa Shara (2001). Wines of the Pacific Northwest. Mitchell Beazley.
Jump up ^ Hale, Sally Carpenter (December 14, 1997). "A Taste of Success". Los Angeles Times. pp. Metro, Part B, p. 1. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Sarah Skidmore (March 18, 2008). "Oregon wine grape production hits record". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Jump up ^ "American Viticultural Areas of Oregon" (PDF). Oregon Wine Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ "2006 Oregon Vineyard and Winery Report" (PDF). Oregn Wine Board. February 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
Jump up ^ Alworth, Jeff (February 24, 1999). "Goodbye Blitz-Weinhard". Willamette Week. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ "Introduction to Portland". New York Times. Frommer's. 2006-11-20. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
Jump up ^ Heim, Joe; Greg Kitsock (April 7, 2008). "Beer Madness Crowns a Winner". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
^ Jump up to: a b Greif, Andrew (September 17, 2007). "Good beer: what Oregon does best". Oregon Daily Emerald. Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dininny, Shannon (January 13, 2008). "Wash. entrepreneurs getting into the distillery business". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Watts, Joe (July 14, 2008). "Happy Daze Are Here Again: Integrity Spirits Releases Trillium Absinthe Supérieure". Willamette Week.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) Administrative Overview August 2000" (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
Jump up ^ "OLCC celebrates 75 years of responsible sales and service" (PDF) (Press release). Oregon Liquor Control Commission. December 11, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 2, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1948-1952". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Nolan, Rebecca (April 15, 2002). "Liquor Remains Scarce on Sundays in Eugene, Ore., Area.". The Register-Guard. Retrieved 2008-12-24. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1912-1914". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1916-1921". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1930-1936". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1938-1947". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1902-1906". Oregon Blue Book. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
Jump up ^ Ellensburg Daily Record - Google News Archive Search
^ Jump up to: a b "About PARK Overview: Uncovering the genetics of how the brain adapts to alcohol". OHSU. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
Jump up ^ "Research component & core structure". OHSU. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
Jump up ^ "PARC Publications". OHSU. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
External links[edit]
Oregon Liquor Control Commission
National Alcohol Beverage Control Association
Prohibition in Oregon: The Vision and the Reality, from the Oregon State Archives
Portland Beer Wiki
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National Mathematics Day
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In India, the day 'December 22 has been declared as the National Mathematics Day. The Declaration was made by Dr Manmohan Singh, Former Prime Minister of India, during the inaugural ceremony of the celebrations to mark the 125th birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan held at the Madras University Centenary Auditorium on 26 February 2012. Dr Manmohan Singh also announced that the year 2012 would be celebrated as the National Mathematics Year.[1]

The Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22 December 1887 and died on 26 April 1920. It was in recognition of his contribution to mathematics the Government of India decided to celebrate Ramanujan's birthday as the National Mathematics Day every year and to celebrate 2012 as the National_Mathematics_Year. National Mathematics Day is celebrated with numerous educational events held at Indian schools and universities.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "PM's speech at the 125th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of ramanujan at Chennai". Prime Minister's Office, Government of India. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
Jump up ^ C Jaishankar (27 December 2011). "Ramanujan's birthday will be National Mathematics Day". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Mathematics_Day&oldid=825541917"
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Science and technology in India
Indian mathematics
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