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Pilot (Supernatural)
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"Pilot"
Supernatural episode
Mary Winchester was killed in the episode's teaser. A papier-mâché replica of the actress was ignited on a fake ceiling to accomplish the effect.
Episode no.
Season 1
Episode 1
Directed by
David Nutter
Written by
Eric Kripke
Production code
475285
Original air date
September 13, 2005 (2005-09-13)
Running time
46 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Sarah Shahi as Constance Welch
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as John Winchester
Adrianne Palicki as Jessica Moore
Samantha Smith as Mary Winchester
Steve Railsback as Joseph Welch
Ross Kohn as Troy Squire
R. D. Call as Sheriff Pierce
Episode chronology
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"Wendigo"
Supernatural (season 1)
List of Supernatural episodes
"Pilot" is the first episode of the television series Supernatural. It premiered on The WB on September 13, 2005, and was written by series creator Eric Kripke and directed by David Nutter. The Supernatural pilot introduced the characters of Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles), brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White (Sarah Shahi) while searching for their missing father (Jeffrey Dean Morgan).
Kripke was developing the concept for ten years before it was greenlit as a television series. Before it could be filmed, the script underwent numerous revisions. The episode was produced in Los Angeles, though future episodes were filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, to save money. The episode established the series' tradition of a rock-music soundtrack, and included background music scored by Kripke's friend Christopher Lennertz. It received mixed reviews, with critics praising the horror elements but having varying opinions of the lead actors' performances.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
2.1 Development
2.2 Cast and characters
2.3 Writing
2.4 Filming
2.5 Effects
2.6 Music
3 Reception
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1983 in Lawrence, Kansas, Mary Winchester (Samantha Smith) investigates a sound coming from her infant son Sam's nursery. She sees a figure standing over his crib, and confronts him. Her husband, John (Morgan), is awoken by her screams and finds her pinned to the ceiling with a slash across her stomach. She bursts into flames, and John is forced to evacuate the house with Sam and his older son, Dean, while the house erupts into flames.
Twenty-two years later, Sam (Jared Padalecki) and his girlfriend Jessica Moore (Adrianne Palicki) celebrate his high LSAT score. Later that night, Dean (Jensen Ackles) shows up at Sam's home. Though the brothers have not spoken in years, Dean comes looking for help in finding their father, who disappeared while hunting a supernatural entity. After Sam hears a voicemail from his father that contains electronic voice phenomenon of a woman saying, "I can never go home," he agrees to help Dean in the search. The brothers head to John's last known whereabouts—the town of Jericho—where he had been investigating the disappearances of young men along a single stretch of road over ten years. Sam and Dean discover a local legend of a murdered girl who has returned as a homicidal, hitchhiking ghost. Research points to Constance Welch (Shahi), who jumped to her death off a nearby bridge after drowning her children. While they stakeout the bridge that night, Sam tells Dean he does not want to return to hunting supernatural creatures. He points out that finding whatever creature killed their mother—a task their father has dedicated his life to—will not bring her back. The two are interrupted by a ghostly woman jumping off the bridge. Sam and Dean later check into a local motel, and discover their father is also renting a room there. They break into it and discover his research scattered all over the room; all his findings point to Constance being a woman in white.
When Dean leaves the room to get food, he is arrested by the police, who believe he is connected to the disappearances. At the police station, they show him John's journal, and he notices the message "Dean 35-111" written inside it. As Dean is interrogated, Sam tracks down Constance's husband (Steve Railsback), and learns the locations of both her grave site and the house in which she drowned their children. Sam then fakes a 911 call so Dean can escape the station. However, Constance targets Sam in his car; she attempts to seduce him and requests he take her home. Sam refuses, but she possesses the car so that it drives Sam to her home. She attacks him once they arrive at her old house. Dean forces her to temporarily dissipate by shooting her with rock salt, and Sam uses the opportunity to crash the car into the house. Constance reappears and attacks them, but the spirits of her children confront her. They embrace their mother, causing her to scream in pain as demonic like beings spawn from under her, dragging her down through the floor.
Dean deduces John's message was coordinates to where he has headed. Sam still does not want to join the search, so Dean drops him off at his apartment. Lying alone in bed, Sam discovers Jessica pinned to the ceiling with a slash across her stomach. She ignites into flames as Dean breaks in and rescues Sam. While firefighters attempt to put out the inferno, Sam decides to join his brother in the search for their father and the creature that killed their mother and Jessica.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Further information: Supernatural (U.S. TV series) § Conception and creation
Series creator Eric Kripke had previously written for the WB series Tarzan, and was offered the chance to pitch show ideas to the network. He used the opportunity for Supernatural,[1] a concept he had been developing for nearly ten years.[2] Kripke envisioned Supernatural as a road trip series, deeming it the "best vehicle to tell these stories because it's pure, stripped down and uniquely American... These stories exist in these small towns all across the country, and it just makes so much sense to drive in and out of these stories."[3] Though the network rejected his initial pitch—a tabloid reporter investigates supernatural occurrences throughout the country—they were still interested in a series featuring urban legends.[4] Kripke quickly suggested a Route 66-style series, and the network loved it.[4] Filming was greenlit after director David Nutter, who previously had worked with Kripke on Tarzan, signed on.[5][6]
Cast and characters[edit]
Ackles (left) and Padalecki (right) were the only actors to audition for the lead roles of Dean and Sam Winchester.
The pilot stars Jared Padalecki and Jensen Ackles as Sam and Dean Winchester, whom Kripke likened to Luke Skywalker and Han Solo of Star Wars.[4] Padalecki knew executive producers McG and Nutter,[7] the former convincing him to audition for the role. He was excited to play "the reluctant hero", and compared Sam to The Matrix's Neo.[8] However, Nutter also asked Ackles to audition for the role of Sam.[9] Nutter and Kripke found themselves in a predicament, as they felt both actors were great as Sam. To remedy the situation, Warner Bros. president Peter Roth suggested Ackles instead audition for Dean.[10] Kripke agreed, believing Ackles' "smart-ass attitude" made him "born to play" the Harrison Ford-like character,[11] and Ackles preferred the character of Dean after reading the script.[12] Both actors were the only ones to audition, and network executives instantly noticed a brotherly chemistry between them.[13] Evil Dead-actor Bruce Campbell was Kripke's first choice to portray John Winchester, father of Sam and Dean. However, Campbell was unavailable,[10] and Jeffrey Dean Morgan eventually received the role. With Morgan's scene taking place 22 years before the series, he expected to be replaced by an older actor for subsequent episodes, and was surprised when he was later asked to reprise the role.[14]
For the role of Constance Welch—the Woman in White—production set out to find the "perfect actress". Nutter, a fan of The L Word, had watched an episode featuring actress Sarah Shahi one night during the casting process. He felt she was "really sharp" and a "fine actress", with a "seductive quality about her". Surprised when she came in to audition the following day, he knew she "had the job when she walked in the door".[11] Because the scene involving Constance's husband Joseph Welch merely discusses Constance's backstory, the scene hinged on the actors' performances. Seeking a "great actor", Nutter recalled his previous experience working with Steve Railsback, and offered him the role.[11] Other guest stars include Adrianne Palicki as Sam's girlfriend Jessica Moore, and Samantha Smith as Mary Winchester. The latter felt she landed the part due to her joking around with Nutter during the audition.[15]
Writing[edit]
The episode was written by series creator Eric Kripke, who described its creation as a "very difficult, birthing process" due to the numerous rewrites required.[4] The original version did not feature the Woman in White, and John Winchester died in the teaser.[4] In the revised script, Sam and Dean Winchester were raised by their aunt and uncle instead of their father. Because of this, Sam is unaware that supernatural beings exist, and Dean must convince him of the truth when he asks for help. Kripke realized this made the backstory too complicated, and reworked it with co-executive producer Peter Johnson so that their father raised them to be hunters like him. This decision granted the brothers proficiency in both fighting and swindling people.[16] Other revised concepts included Sam believing Dean to be a serial killer who murdered their father,[17] and John dying instead of Sam's girlfriend Jessica.[13] The scene in which the brothers discuss their childhood and delve into their backstory was rewritten 20 to 30 times, and the final version was heavily trimmed.[11]
A gas-station scene within the episode was meant to establish what the brothers and the series are about—bantering, credit card scams, and classic rock; Kripke feared that it would be cut because it was character-based and did not further the episode's plot. He also did not want the series to feature ballad music typical of The WB network, and forced the use of classic rock for the soundtrack by writing the music into the script.[11] For the episode's villain, Kripke used the well-known urban legend of the vanishing hitchhiker, but combined it with the Mexican legend of La Llorona to give the spirit more motivation and characterization.[18] The ghost was younger in an earlier version of script, and murdered her parents instead of her children; this was revised to allow for the casting of an older actress.[11]
Originally, the studio did not want Kripke to kill Jessica at the episode's end, but rather keep her as a recurring character in the series. Kripke felt this would not fit the series's format, and decided to have her revealed as a demon, with the revelation prompting Sam to join Dean in hunting. However, with only a short amount of screentime available to depict this, Kripke believed it would be a "tough aspect to sell".[19] Because Luke Skywalker only begins his journey after the deaths of his aunt and uncle, Kripke found it more appropriate for Sam's motivation to be Jessica's death.[11] Thus, the character is killed in the same manner as Sam's mother, making the deaths the "right bookends".[19]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography for the pilot took place in Los Angeles, though subsequent episodes of the series are filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia[17] to save money.[20] The bridge sequences were shot at Lake Piru,[11] near a War of the Worlds filming location,[20] and the library and phone booth scenes were filmed at an elementary school.[11] Triplet babies portrayed Sam in the episode's teaser, and production found it difficult to get them to cry on cue. Though a real house served as the first-story level in the teaser, the upstairs was constructed on a sound stage because of the special effects required for Mary's fiery death.[11] Script rewrites for the opening sequence—a better introduction for Sam was needed—required reshoots on the set of The O.C. two months after principal photography.[11]
Effects[edit]
To depict the supernatural aspects of the show, the series makes use of visual, special, and make-up effects, as well as stuntwork. Businesses, such as visual effects company Entity FX,[21] were contracted for production of the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes were filmed in Vancouver and required a new crew that works exclusively for the show.[22] Mary Winchester's death scene, which had the character pinned to the ceiling and burning to death, required actress Samantha Smith to lie on a floor with two propane pipes spouting fire approximately five feet away from her on either side. For the actual burning of the character, a fake body the crew named "Christina" was made out of wire and papier-mâché, and was then ignited on a fake ceiling.[15][23] However, the room quickly caught fire, forcing an evacuation.[23] Green screen coincided with the visual effects for the ghostly Woman in White,[4] and executive producer McG chose to make the imagery of her death sequence an homage to Chris Cunningham's Aphex Twin video "Windowlicker".[11] Japanese horror also influenced the scene, such as the school uniforms worn by the ghost children, the water cascading down the stairs, and the Dark Water elements.[11]
Music[edit]
The episode's synthesized orchestral score was written by Christopher Lennertz,[24] Kripke's friend and next-door neighbor. The two attended USC School of Cinematic Arts together, and worked together on various projects afterwards. Lennertz described Supernatural as "one of those dream situations where you get to work with someone who you admire, but also have a relationship with already", and noted he and Kripke "were already on the same page without even talking about [the series' music]".[25]
For the scenes involving Mary and Jessica's deaths at the hands of the demon Azazel, Lennertz used a piano solo with discordant notes and reverberations to create a "really nasty" sounding echo effect.[6] He would later reuse this theme in the season one episode "Nightmare".[26] The episode also included a number of rock songs,[23] which would become a tradition for the series.[27] Kripke wanted to feature the song "Enter Sandman", but Metallica would not grant permission.[28]
Reception[edit]
In its original broadcast, the pilot was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers.[29] The episode received mixed reviews from critics. Diana Steenbergen of IGN, who was "hooked right away", gave the pilot episode a score of 8.5 out of 10. She felt it began "heartbreakingly", and the "genuinely scary" death scenes of Mary and Jess "will haunt...the viewers". Steenbergen praised both the writers and the lead actors for making the "[exposition scenes] still feel natural, for the most part", and noted Ackles and Padalecki were "instantly convincing as brothers". Also credited for this "well paced" episode was director David Nutter, who did an "excellent job of setting up the atmosphere and tone of the series".[30] Likewise, BuddyTV's Don Williams posited, "It's about as good as a pilot can get." He ranked it ninth out of his favorite episodes of the first three seasons, believing it introduces the characters "in a memorable fashion" and "wonderfully" establishes the show's universe.[31] Robert Bianco of USA Today deemed the series as possibly "the simplest and the scariest" of the season's new dark shows, and wrote, "It wants nothing more than to frighten you — and tonight, it does." He noted the episode "[pulls] off a few surprises" and "works its way to an ending that lives up to Dean's 'no chick-flick moments'". However, Bianco criticized the "pauses for comic relief"; he felt Ackles' "comic touch" was "not yet as skillful as it needs to be", with Ackles' attempts at being "humorously annoying" leaving him "simply annoying".[32] Despite the episode having a somewhat unoriginal villain and a "relatively simple" solution, Brian Lowry of Variety deemed the series' debut as "a promising plunge into the darkness". Lowry applauded Ackles, who "brings an easygoing charm and engaging wise-ass personality to the absurd notion of traveling the country with a trunk full of wooden stakes and holy water".[33]
Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times found the first half of the episode "quite effective", with the "camera angles, spooky music and jumpy sequences...[being] as frightening as those found in any horror movie, with an added twist of suspense". However, she deemed the depiction of the ghostly villain as "pretty silly", and noted the second half "stops building suspense and turns predictable". Calling the series "Ghostbusters' Creek", Stanley felt the episode "reverts to a WB family drama about the bonds between two mismatched brothers and their father".[34] Similarly, Matthew Gilbert of the Boston Globe called Ackles and Padalecki "generic cuties who hold their lips together tightly, except to utter the word 'Dude'". Although Gilbert noted there are a couple "moderately creepy" twists, he found there to be "nothing about the central family story in Supernatural or its bland actors that makes it addictive".[35]
Work on the pilot episode garnered two Emmy Award nominations in 2006. Lennertz was nominated in the category of "Outstanding Music Composition For A Series (Dramatic Underscore)",[36] and the sound editors[note 1] for "Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series".[36]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Michael Lawshe (Supervising Sound Editor), Timothy Cleveland (Sound Effects Editor), Paul Diller (Sound Effects Editor), Marc Meyer (Sound Effects Editor), David Lynch (Sound Effects Editor), Jessica Dickson (Dialog Editor), Karyn Foster (Dialog/ADR Editor), Chris McGeary (Music Editor), David Lee Fein (Foley Artist), and Jody Thomas (Foley Artist)
References[edit]
General Knight, Nicholas (2007). Supernatural: The Official Companion Season 1. Titan Books. ISBN 1-84576-535-4.
Specific
Jump up ^ Donahue, Lauri (September 7, 2005). "Kripke goes for 'Supernatural' chills". Toledo Free Press. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Keveney, Bill (August 17, 2005). "'Supernatural' is an eerie natural for WB". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Maria Elena (January 5, 2006). "On the road trip from hell". The Age. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Various (September 5, 2006). Supernatural season 1 DVD featurette "Supernatural: Tales From The Edge Of Darkness" (DVD). Warner Brothers Video.
Jump up ^ Knight, p.10
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, p.21
Jump up ^ "Supernatural interview with Jared Padalecki (Sam Winchester)". Newzline. February 7, 2007. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Knight, p.126
Jump up ^ Knight, p.130
^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Kate (December 2007). "Lore & Order". Supernatural Magazine (1). Titan Magazines. p. 19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Various (September 5, 2006). Supernatural season 1 DVD commentary for the episode "Pilot" (DVD). Warner Brothers Video.
Jump up ^ Begum, Mumtaj (September 12, 2008). "Jensen Ackles enjoys doing Supernatural". The Star Online. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, p.11
Jump up ^ Knight, p.134
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, p.138
Jump up ^ Knight, pp.8–10
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, p.14
Jump up ^ Knight, p.26
^ Jump up to: a b Knight, p.13
^ Jump up to: a b Cairns, Bryan (February 2009). "Director's Cut: David Nutter". Supernatural Magazine (8). Titan Magazines. pp. 40–41.
Jump up ^ "Credits". EntityFX. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Supernatural season 3 DVD featurette "From Legends to Reality" (DVD). Warner Home Video. 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Knight, p.20
Jump up ^ Larson, Randall D. (July 27, 2006). "The Supernatural Music of Christopher Lennertz". Mania. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Christopher Lennertz Interview at Tracksounds: Moving in the Supernatural". Tracksounds!. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Knight, p.78
Jump up ^ "Supernatural Creator Eric Kripke Answers Fan Questions – Part I". Eclipse Magazine. April 23, 2008. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kripke, Eric (April 2008). "Ask Eric!". Supernatural Magazine (3). Titan Magazines. p. 96.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 20, 2005. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ Steenbergen, Diana (March 20, 2008). "Supernatural: "Pilot" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Williams, Don (September 2, 2008). "Top 10 'Supernatural' Episodes of All Time: #9 "Pilot"". BuddyTV. Archived from the original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bianco, Robert (September 12, 2005). "'Supernatural' frightens nicely". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (September 11, 2005). "Supernatural Review". Variety. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Stanley, Alessandra (September 13, 2005). "Unexplained Phenomena Lurk Behind New Shows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Matthew (September 13, 2005). "'Supernatural' goes south in a hurry". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Primetime Emmy Award Database". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pilot
Official website
"Pilot" on IMDb
"Pilot" at TV.com
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Texas Tomorrow Fund
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The Texas Tomorrow Fund is a prepaid college investment program operating in Texas.
There are two plans: The Texas Guaranteed Tuition Plan and The Texas College Savings Plan (formally the Tomorrow's College Investment Plan). The former is a constitutionally guaranteed trust fund backed by the State of Texas, whereas the latter is an investment plan managed by NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC. The Texas College Savings Plan is not backed directly by the state; it serves as an investment plan for tuition money, as opposed to a prepaid fund.
In 2003 a Texas law was introduced to allow public institutions of higher education to set their own tuition and fees, rather than being forced to charge what the State thought was appropriate. The State's guaranteed tuition plan was in jeopardy, for the State could not effectively predict how expensive tuition was going to be a decade from now and, consequently, could not accurately peg charges for applicants. New enrollment in the Texas Guaranteed Tuition Plan was then closed.
As an example of how much non-regulated tuition has cost the Texas Tomorrow Fund, a family purchasing 120 credit hours for a child's entrance to a public college in 2004 paid a total of $10,000 — about $83 per credit hour. As of fall 2016, the payout, due to rising tuition costs, was approximately $300 per credit hour.
Contents
[hide]
1 Texas Tomorrow Fund in the Texas Constitution
2 Fund in debt
3 Restarting the program
4 Substantial program changes
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Texas Tomorrow Fund in the Texas Constitution[edit]
Located in Article 7, Section 19 of the Texas Constitution, the Texas Tomorrow Fund was added November 4, 1997, for the purpose of higher education in Texas.
The Section is as follows,
"(a) The Texas tomorrow fund is created as a trust fund dedicated to the prepayment of tuition and fees for higher education as provided by the general laws of this state for the prepaid higher education tuition program. The assets of the fund are held in trust for the benefit of participants and beneficiaries and may not be diverted. The state shall hold the assets of the fund for the exclusive purposes of providing benefits to participants and beneficiaries and defraying reasonable expenses of administering the program.
(b) Financing of benefits must be based on sound actuarial principles. The amount contributed by a person participating in the prepaid higher education program shall be as provided by the general laws of this state, but may not be less than the amount anticipated for tuition and required fees based on sound actuarial principles. If in any fiscal year there is not enough money in the Texas tomorrow fund to pay the tuition and required fees of an institution of higher education in which a beneficiary enrolls or the appropriate portion of the tuition and required fees of a private or independent institution of higher education in which a beneficiary enrolls as provided by a prepaid tuition contract, there is appropriated out of the first money coming into the state treasury in each fiscal year not otherwise appropriated by the constitution the amount that is sufficient to pay the applicable amount of tuition and required fees of the institution.
(c) Assets of the fund may be invested by an entity designated by general law in securities considered prudent investments. Investments shall be made in the exercise of judgment and care under the circumstances that a person of ordinary prudence, discretion, and intelligence exercises in the management of the person's affairs, not for speculation, but for the permanent disposition of funds, considering the probable income from the disposition as well as the probable safety of capital.
(d) The state comptroller of public accounts shall take the actions necessary to implement this section.
(e) To the extent this section conflicts with any other provision of this constitution, this section controls."
Fund in debt[edit]
Due to rising costs after state tuition was deregulated in 2003, the program stopped accepting new participants.
A February 19, 2007 article in the Daily Texan reported that the Texas Tomorrow Fund program is in debt due to rising tuition. By 2029 the program could be in debt for as much as $3.3 billion, running completely out of money by 2018, due to the difference in tuition rates between the state's projections and the actual cost of tuition at major public universities. (UT Austin tuition was $7,630 per year in 2007; the state had projected $5,332.) This gap is currently paid by the University out of tuition from non-Tomorrow Fund students and, as more students enroll using the Fund, universities must raise tuition to balance out the lack of income from Tomorrow Fund students. The International Office handles Texas Tomorrow Funds/Texas Guaranteed Tuition Plan requests only for students attending study abroad programs where they are not paying UT tuition rates [1]
Restarting the program[edit]
An article May 18, 2007 in the Dallas Morning News reported that the Texas Tomorrow Fund will be reopened for new enrollment under a new name:[2] The Texas Tuition Promise Fund launched September 10, 2008.
Under this program there are three categories from which parents will be able to buy semester hours in units (a unit represents 1% of a year's tuition, based on two semesters of 15 credit-hours each), with prices based on the type of college the student plans to attend. The most expensive level is flagship public universities, followed by other four-year public institutions, followed by two-year community colleges. If the student enrolls in a college more expensive than the weighted average for their level of plan, they will have to pay the difference (either with extra units or with money from other sources), ensuring that this program should not experience the shortfall problems of the previous program.
Substantial program changes[edit]
On August 24, 2009 the Texas Prepaid Higher Education Tuition Board published a substantial change to the contract terms of the program.[3] Previously, when contracts were canceled, participants were refunded the current value of tuition and fees at the time of cancellation. As of November 1, 2009 participants will be refunded only the amount of their contributions minus any applicable account fees.
On September 24, 2009, the Tuition Board published an amendment to the change a month earlier.[4] The deadline for refunds was extended until November 30, 2009. Participants cancel matured contracts will receive a refund based upon their contributions plus earnings, minus applicable fees. Participants who cancel unmatured contracts will receive the lump sum actuarial value of the contract, minus fees.
On November 6, 2009, the Tuition Board published a partial policy reversal to the previous amendment, pending an approval vote by the Board on December 23, 2009.[5] Those who have withdrawn funds based upon the previous rule change in September may rescind their cancellation by December 31, 2009. Those who choose to opt out of the plan (and receive either actual tuition-based earnings or lump sum acturial value) may do so through January 31, 2010.[6]
See also[edit]
Guaranteed Education Tuition Program, a similar program in Washington state
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kelly Gordon Rogers". TGTP Community Fund.
Jump up ^ Originally planned to be called the Texas Tomorrow Fund II, it ended up being called the Texas Tuition Promise Fund.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-01-25. Retrieved 2009-09-07. , Changes to Texas Tomorrow Fund Master Plan
Jump up ^ [1][permanent dead link], TGTP Purchaser Follow Up Letter
Jump up ^ [2][permanent dead link], TGTP Proposed Amendment
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-09-28. Retrieved 2009-11-11. , TGTP Refund Rule Change
External links[edit]
Constitutional basis for Texas Tomorrow Fund
Official Texas Tomorrow Fund website
Official Texas Tuition Promise Fund website
February 19, 2007 Daily Texan article: Tomorrow Fund in up to $3.3 billion hole[permanent dead link]
May 18, 2007 Dallas Morning News article: Senate OKs scaled-down Texas Tomorrow Fund
September 10, 2008 press release: Texas Comptroller Susan Combs Introduces the Texas Tuition Promise Fund For Texas Families to Achieve College Savings Goals
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Sheldon Cooper
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sheldon Lee Cooper
The Big Bang Theory / Young Sheldon character
Jim Parsons as adult Sheldon Cooper (left) and Iain Armitage as 9 year old Sheldon Cooper (right)
First appearance
"Pilot" (The Big Bang Theory)
"Pilot" (Young Sheldon)
Created by
Chuck Lorre
Bill Prady
Portrayed by
Jim Parsons (in The Big Bang Theory)
Iain Armitage (in Young Sheldon)[1]
Information
Full name
Sheldon Lee Cooper
Gender
Male
Occupation
Theoretical physicist (The Big Bang Theory)
Student (Young Sheldon)
Title
Doctor
Family
Mary Cooper (mother)
George Cooper, Sr. (father) (deceased in The Big Bang Theory)
Missy Cooper (twin sister)
George Cooper, Jr. (older brother)
Unnamed Nephew (nephew)
Constance[2] (AKA "Meemaw") (maternal grandmother)
"Pop Pop" (maternal grandfather, deceased)
Significant other(s)
Amy Farrah Fowler (fiancée) (The Big Bang Theory)
Nationality
American
Sheldon Lee Cooper,[3] Ph.D., Sc.D., is a fictional character in the CBS television series The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon, portrayed by actor Jim Parsons in The Big Bang Theory and Iain Armitage in Young Sheldon.[4] For his portrayal, Parsons has won four Primetime Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a TCA Award, and two Critics' Choice Television Awards. The childhood of the character will be the focus of Young Sheldon, the show being set in 1989, when 9-year-old Sheldon, who has skipped ahead four grades, starts high school alongside his older brother.
Sheldon is a senior theoretical physicist at Caltech and shared an apartment with his colleague and best friend, Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki). However, Sheldon now lives across the hall with his girlfriend Amy, in the former apartment of Leonard's wife Penny.[citation needed] He is a former child prodigy with genius level IQ, but displays an almost total lack of social skills, a tenuous understanding of humor, and difficulty recognizing irony and sarcasm in other people, although he himself often employs them. He exhibits highly idiosyncratic behavior and a general lack of humility or empathy. He also lacks toleration. These characteristics provide the majority of the humor involving him, which has caused him to be described as the show's breakout character.[5][6][7][8] Despite speculation that Sheldon's personality traits may be consistent with Asperger syndrome, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, and asexuality,[7][9] co-creator Bill Prady has repeatedly stated that Sheldon's character was neither conceived nor developed with regard to any of these traits.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Creation and casting
2 Characterization
2.1 Early life
2.2 Personality
2.3 Family
2.4 Relationships
3 Reception and legacy
3.1 General
3.2 Asperger syndrome
4 References
Creation and casting[edit]
The character of Sheldon Cooper was inspired by a computer programmer personally known to series co-creator Bill Prady.[10] He is named in honor of actor/producer Sheldon Leonard[11] and Nobel Prize Laureate Leon Cooper.[12] Chuck Lorre originally intended Johnny Galecki to play the role, but Galecki thought he would be "better suited" for the character of Leonard.[13] Lorre said that when Jim Parsons auditioned for the role, he was "so startlingly good" that he was asked to reaudition "to make sure he hadn't gotten lucky".[14] Sheldon is one of four characters to appear in every episode of the series, along with Leonard, Howard, and Raj.
Characterization[edit]
Early life[edit]
Sheldon was raised in Galveston, Texas[15] along with his elder brother (George Jr.) and fraternal twin sister (Missy) by his mother, Mary Cooper, an overtly devout Evangelical Christian; and George Cooper, an alcoholic who was never around. Sheldon once got his father fired when he told Mr. Hinckley, the store owner, that George was stealing from the cash register. (Sheldon was rewarded with a fudgsicle.[16]) The only member of his family to have encouraged his work in science was his grandfather, whom he cherished and affectionately called "Pop-Pop", and who died when Sheldon was five years old. Pop-Pop's loss is what caused Sheldon to despise Christmas when his Christmas wish to bring Pop-Pop back didn't come true. Sheldon's closest relative is his maternal grandmother who he affectionately calls "Meemaw", and who in turn calls him "Moon Pie". His aunt also encouraged Sheldon by giving him medical equipment, "in case his work in physics failed, he'd have a 'trade' to fall back on".
Sheldon was interested in physics from an early age, and was a child prodigy,[17] although due to his behavioral quirks and his lack of humility about his superior intellect, he was bullied by classmates and neighbors. Sheldon entered college at the age of eleven,[18][19] and at age fourteen he graduated from college summa cum laude. (To this day, the college he went to for undergraduate studies has yet to be revealed, but he feels it is superior to the others' alma maters.) From then, he worked on his doctorate, was a visiting professor at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, was the youngest person at the time to receive the Stevenson Award,[3] and has appeared on the cover of Journal of Physical Chemistry A.[20] Sheldon is now a theoretical physicist doing research at Caltech.
Personality[edit]
"Bazinga" redirects here. For the jellyfish genus, see Bazinga (genus).
Sheldon is often described as the stereotypical "geek". He is usually characterized as extremely intelligent, socially inept, and rigidly logical. Despite his intellect, he regularly displays a lack of common sense. He has a superiority complex, but also possesses childlike qualities, of which he seems unaware, such as extreme stubbornness. He is unknowingly unpleasant to others, even his friends. It is claimed by Bernadette that the reason Sheldon is sometimes nasty is because the part of his brain that tells him it is wrong to be nasty is "getting a wedgie from the rest of his brain". The first four episodes of The Big Bang Theory portray Sheldon slightly inconsistently with respect to his later characterization: according to Prady, the character "began to evolve after episode five or so and became his own thing".[21]
Sheldon possesses an eidetic memory and an IQ of 187,[22] although he claims his IQ cannot be accurately measured by normal tests.[23] He originally claimed to have a master's degree and two doctoral degrees, but this list has increased.[24][25] Sheldon has an extensive general knowledge in many subjects including physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, cosmology, algebra, calculus, differential equations, vector calculus, computers, electronics, economics, vexillology, engineering, history, geography, linguistics, football, and trains, and in addition to a knowledge of Klingon from Star Trek, he has studied Finnish and Mandarin Chinese.[26] He also shows great talent in music, knowing how to play the piano, recorder, and theremin and also having perfect pitch.[27] Although his friends have similar intellects to him, his eccentricities, stubbornness, and lack of empathy often frustrate them. Sheldon occasionally uses slang (in a very unnatural fashion), and follows jokes with his catchphrase "Bazinga!" which is now an officially registered trademark of Warner Bros.[28][29] He is uncomfortable with human physical contact and has germophobia, which makes his exceptionally rare hugs extremely awkward and painful-looking. He also has haemophobia, which causes him to faint at the sight of blood.[30] Sheldon has difficulty coping when he is interrupted, when asked to keep a secret, or when he hears arguing.[31][32][33] He is also a notary public and uses his knowledge in law and contracts usually for his own advantage and is always distressed when challenged in a legal aspect that he cannot logically defend. In his mannerisms, Sheldon also shows symptoms associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Whenever approaching a person's home, he must knock three times, then say the person's name, and must repeat this at least three times. Upon entering a person's home, he must select the proper seat before sitting down. When it is suggested by Penny that he "just sit anywhere", his response is "Oh, no, if only it were that simple!" This extends to his inability to accept change. His rigidity in maintaining homeostasis often causes him frustration. Because of his rigidity and stubbornness, only his mother and Bernadette – both possessing strong maternal instincts – are able to control him.
Like his friends, Sheldon is fond of comic books (especially the DC Universe), costumes, roleplaying games, video games, tabletop games, collectible card games, action figures, fantasy, science fiction, and cartoons. Sheldon has restraining orders from his heroes Leonard Nimoy, Carl Sagan, and Stan Lee,[34][35][36][37] as well as television scientist Bill Nye.[38] Sheldon often wears vintage T-shirts adorned with superhero logos. The boys use video games like bowling and archery for "exercise" and use the traditional sport rules.
Sheldon has sometimes appeared to show empathy, including lending money to Penny without expecting it back quickly (although that may just have been his logical Spock-like response to a problem to be solved; it was, after all, money he was not using and would not miss[39]) and driving her to a hospital when her shoulder was dislocated.[40] Sheldon admits he is overly fond of koalas munching on eucalyptus so much that he has a facial expression that he refers to as his koala face.[41] He dislikes gifts, because the "social contract" in his view creates either a debt or burden on the receiver of the gift which will not stop until one of the two involved in the "gift-relationship" dies leaving the other either in debt or with an undue surplus.[42] Sheldon does not take drugs, not even legal ones such as caffeine, due to a promise to his mother, and is hypersensitive when he accidentally consumes them.[43][44] It has been shown, however, that alcohol often causes Sheldon to loosen up significantly,[3] although it will also cloud his judgment – on occasion, after drinking alcoholic drinks (both deliberately and accidentally), he has done things that he would never do while sober, such as singing out loud, mooning an audience full of people, confronting Wil Wheaton and affectionately slapping Amy's rear.
In response to criticism from his friends that he is mentally ill, Sheldon often retorts, "I'm not crazy; my mother had me tested" – which his mother has confirmed to be true (once while wishing she had gone through with a follow-up examination).[45][46][47]
Family[edit]
Sheldon contrasts strongly with his family, who are neither scientists nor intellectuals. His father George died before the start of the series when Sheldon was 14,[48] while his mother Mary is a devout born-again Christian and loving parent. Sheldon has a twin sister, Missy, a tall, attractive brunette, and an as-yet-unseen older brother, George Jr.[49] Both Missy and George Jr. beat up Sheldon during their childhoods, and their mother describes them to be "dumb as soup".[50] Sheldon is very fond of his maternal grandmother, whom he calls "Meemaw" and who calls him "Moon Pie".[51] He called his grandfather, who died when Sheldon was five, Pop Pop.[52] Sheldon was also very close to his grandfather, stating once that his grandfather is the only relative he had who encouraged him to become involved in science.
Sheldon has a maternal uncle, Edward, who is called "Stumpy" as the result of a time when he cleaned a wood chipper by hand. Sheldon had another uncle, named Carl Cooper, who was killed by a badger while cleaning a chimney and another uncle that may have done things to children that were legal in Oklahoma per "The Clean Room Infiltration".
Sheldon had an uncle, Roger and aunt, Ruth. In "The Engagement Reaction", Sheldon mentions Ruth died in a hospital when she went to visit Roger, caught something and bit the dust a week later and the two of them now share a coffee can on Sheldon's mother’s mantle.
Relationships[edit]
Sheldon's closest friends are Leonard Hofstadter, Howard Wolowitz, and Raj Koothrappali. Of the three, Sheldon is openly dismissive of Howard and constantly opines that a master's degree in engineering demonstrates a lesser intellect than that of the others, who all possess science doctorates. Despite that, Sheldon has referred to Howard as a "treasured acquaintance" and a friend at various points.[53] Sheldon considers Leonard his best friend, as they used to live together and can tolerate each other. Prady stated that "the fact that, despite everything, Leonard considers Sheldon his best friend reminds us of Sheldon's essential humanity".[54] Sheldon can only handle having a limited number of friends in his life at a time, but later shows flexibility when he accepts Bernadette and Amy as part of the social group. In Season 6, the guys ask if comic book store owner Stuart can be part of the group while Howard is in space.
Despite Penny's neither being a scientist nor sharing many of the group's interests,[55] and having constant fights with Sheldon in the early episodes, they became close friends.[56] While some fans support a romantic relationship between Sheldon and Penny,[57][58] Lorre has stated his opposition to it by saying: "We've stumbled into creating a character who has chosen a lifestyle for himself that is unique. And I don't see any reason to modify it."[59]
It has been speculated that Sheldon may be asexual or aromantic. Series co-creator Chuck Lorre said: "Part of what's wonderful and unique about [Sheldon] is he has chosen not to play in the relationship game either way – heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, any sexuality."[59] This is referenced in "The Cooper-Nowitzki Theorem", when Sheldon unknowingly attracts the attention of grad student Ramona Nowitzki, and Penny, seeing this, asks his friends what his "deal" (i.e., sexual orientation) is, to which Leonard responds, "Honestly, we've been operating under the assumption that he has no 'deal'."
Mayim Bialik (who portrays Amy Farrah Fowler) and Jim Parsons at PaleyFest 2013 for the TV show "Big Bang Theory"
In the season 3 finale, Raj and Howard blackmail Sheldon into meeting Amy Farrah Fowler, with whom they matched him on a dating website. After some obnoxious comments about the dating website, Sheldon finds that Amy agrees with him, and he grows fond of her when she says that "Any or all physical contact up to and including coitus is off the table". The relationship continues in the fourth season, although Sheldon often points out that they are not in a romantic relationship. The two enjoy intellectual games they create, and Amy and Sheldon openly express the same type of intellectual superiority.[60] After Leonard inadvertently implies that he and Amy may have had sex after a wedding reception they both attended, Sheldon has an unexpectedly violent reaction, karate-chopping Leonard's neck while telling Leonard "She's not for you... not for you!"[61]
In Season 5, Sheldon formally asks Amy to be his girlfriend in "The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition" episode. Amy begins a campaign to give Sheldon more attention to increase his feelings for her by embracing his interests. As they watch Howard being launched into space in the season finale, "The Countdown Reflection", Amy is surprised when Sheldon takes her hand for emotional support.[citation needed]
During the first half of Season 6, in "The Parking Spot Escalation" and "The Fish Guts Displacement", Sheldon is pushed further after seeing Amy partially exposed and taking care of her while she is ill. In the episode "The Cooper/Kripke Inversion", after being directly asked by Penny if he would ever have sex with Amy, Sheldon admits to Penny and Leonard that a physical relationship with Amy is a possibility, and being touched is something he is working on. While upset about Kripke, Amy does give him a consoling hug that Sheldon seems to need, and want. Even so, Amy has offered other romantic physical contact, and was very uncomfortable when they had to cuddle. In "The Spoiler Alert Segmentation", Leonard temporarily moves out and Amy proposes that she would be his perfect roommate and tries to move in, though Sheldon is uncomfortable with this change in their relationship. While playing Dungeons and Dragons during "The Love Spell Potential", Amy's and Sheldon's characters are commanded to have sex within the game. A very upset Amy asks Sheldon if they are ever going to be intimate and he again admits that it is a possibility. In the Season 7 episode "The Locomotive Manipulation", Sheldon passionately kisses Amy on the lips for the first time; though it was more to prove a point, he prolonged it, implying he enjoyed the feeling. A later episode showed him willingly kissing Amy, implying he has gotten more comfortable in such a position of physical intimacy. The ultimate proof of Sheldon having feelings for Amy is given in the season 8 episode "The Prom Equivalency", when he finally admits being in love with her: "I love you too. There's no denying I have feelings for you that can't be explained in any other way. I briefly considered I had a brain parasite, but that seems even more far-fetched. The only conclusion was love."
In the season 8 finale, "The Commitment Determination", Sheldon and Amy get into a fight over their definition of "commitment". Sheldon feels his relationship with Amy is going fast on its own, but Amy argues he is taking things too slowly and does not properly bestow on her unlimited affection. By the episode's end she has decided to take a break from their relationship while Sheldon is left numb from Amy's revelation. He glumly turns to his Gollum figurine and asks it, "Well, Gollum, you're an expert on rings, what do I do with this one?", while simultaneously taking his grandmother's ring, a family heirloom, out of this desk drawer. In the season 9 premiere, Sheldon keeps pushing Amy to make up her mind about their relationship, but goes too far and insults her to her face and she angrily breaks up with him for good, thus officially ending their relationship. In "The Earworm Reverberation", Sheldon can't get a song out his head but after suddenly remembering the title and the lyrics, he realizes that Amy changed his life for the better and then goes to her apartment to profess his love, at which time Amy reciprocates. Amy's date that night was Dave, who has great adoration for Sheldon because of his intellect; after seeing how much they love each other, Dave urges Sheldon to kiss Amy. In the following episode, "The Opening Night Excitation" Leonard, Wolowitz and Raj go to see Star Wars: The Force Awakens without Sheldon as he has somewhat reluctantly opted to celebrate Amy's birthday with her instead. As Amy made Sheldon's birthday party enjoyable and memorable, Sheldon seeks out Penny and Bernadette as he respects their opinions regarding all things socially appropriate. He tells them that he has narrowed things down to 3 options, the first being a chance to play the harp with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the second being an all-expense paid trip to the Wisconsin Sheep and Wool Festival (though Amy would have to go alone because Sheldon's ornithophobia is nothing compares to his Ovinophobia, the fear of sheep), and the third being the two of them engaging in coitus, at which point Penny squeezes and shatters the wine glass in her hand due to disbelief and/or shock. In the tenth season, Sheldon and Amy move in together for a five-week experiment to test out their compatibility. Afterwards, they decide to move in together permanently. In the final episode of the season, Sheldon unexpectedly proposes to Amy after being hit on by Ramona Nowitzki.
He once idolized fictional prodigy Wesley Crusher from Star Trek: The Next Generation, portrayed by Wil Wheaton, until Wheaton did not show up at a convention attended by Sheldon in 1995. Sheldon had spent 15 hours on a bus travelling to the convention during which time he was forced to break his rule about urinating in a moving vehicle. After this moment Wil Wheaton became number six on Sheldon's mortal enemy list (a list he started when he was 9 on a 5¼-inch floppy disk). Wheaton was one of Sheldon's mortal enemies, along with his coworkers Barry Kripke and Leslie Winkle. Later, Wheaton managed to patch things up with Sheldon, only to inadvertently pass the enemy list spot to Brent Spiner.[62]
Reception and legacy[edit]
General[edit]
Sheldon Cooper doing the vulcan salute, stencil graffiti on a wall in Volgograd, Russia.
Jim Parsons' portrayal of Sheldon has received widespread acclaim, and is often cited as the main reason for the program's success by critics and fans alike.[63][64][65] James Chamberlin of IGN wrote: "It's hard to imagine what The Big Bang Theory would be if it weren't for Jim Parsons' great portrayal of Sheldon Cooper".[66] Matt Roush of TV Guide stated that "there's a spark of divine inspiration in Jim Parsons' uproarious Sheldon Cooper".[67] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote that: "Parsons is doing something rare on network TV: making intellectualism admirable, even heroic".[8]
On July 16, 2009, Jim Parsons was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.[68] He was nominated again for the same award on July 8, 2010, and eventually won the award on August 29, 2010.[69] On August 1, 2009, he won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy, with the show itself winning the award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy for season two.[70] He was nominated again for the same award in 2010 and 2012. Parsons was also nominated for the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor[71] and a Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2009, 2010, and 2012.[72] On January 16, 2011, Parsons won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, presented by co-star Kaley Cuoco, for his work on seasons 3 and 4. On June 20, 2011, he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards for his work on season 4, and was nominated again for the same award in 2012. On September 18, 2011, he won his second consecutive Primetime Emmy Award - Lead Actor in Comedy, and was nominated again for the same award on July 19, 2012. In 2013, Parsons was nominated once again for the Golden Globe and received his first nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series. In 2013 & 2014, Jim was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award - Lead Actor in Comedy for the 5th and 6th time, respectively, both of which he won for his 3rd and 4th Primetime Emmy Awards - Lead Actor in a Comedy Series meaning that Parsons had won this award 4 times in the last 5 years, including back-to-back in 2010/2011and 2013/2014. No actor, in the history of this award has won back-to-back awards on two separate occasions, and his total of 4 awards puts Parsons in a four-way tie at the top with comedy legends Carroll O'Connor, Kelsey Grammer, and Michael J. Fox.
The asteroid 246247 Sheldoncooper was named after Sheldon.[73] In 2012, a newly discovered species of bee was named Euglossa bazinga, after the character's noted catch phrase, "Bazinga!"[74]
In March 2013, the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium named a black-and-white colobus after Sheldon.[75]
Asperger syndrome[edit]
Some viewers have asserted that Sheldon's behavior is consistent with Asperger syndrome.[7][9][76][77] The writers have stated that they did not use Asperger syndrome as a basis for the character, but instead thought of his actions as "Sheldony".[76] Series co-creator Bill Prady stated: "We write the character as the character. A lot of people see various things in him and make the connections. Our feeling is that Sheldon's mother never got a diagnosis, so we don't have one".[21] Prady also told Alan Sepinwall of the New Jersey Star-Ledger that while Sheldon shares traits with people with Asperger's, he was uncomfortable labeling Sheldon as having Asperger's.[78]
In an interview, Jim Parsons noted the writers' response, but added that, in his opinion, Sheldon "couldn't display more traits" of Asperger's.[76][79] Parsons, who plays Sheldon, has read John Elder Robison's memoir Look Me in the Eye about his life with Asperger syndrome, and said that: "A majority of what I read in that book touched on aspects of Sheldon". He also stated that "the way [Sheldon's] brain works, it's so focused on the intellectual topics at hand that thinking he's autistic is an easy leap for people watching the show to make".[80]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ episode "The Meemaw Materialization"
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Jerusalem Duality". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 12. April 14, 2008. CBS.
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Jump up ^ "Oak Park native finally gets the girl in 'Big Bang'". Chicago Tribune. January 11, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Griffin Equivalency". The A.V. Club. October 13, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Big Bang Theory". Entertainment Weekly. November 5, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Waldman, Allison (August 14, 2009). "Come up with a new theory: Sheldon does NOT have Asperger's". aoltv.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Paley Festival Recap `09: The Big Bang Theory". theTVaddict.com. April 17, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Big Bang Theory': 'We didn't anticipate how protective the audience would feel about our guys'". Variety. May 5, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2010. Q. Are Sheldon and Leonard named after the brilliant (producer) Sheldon Leonard of "The Andy Griffith Show", "The Danny Thomas Show", "The Dick Van Dyke Show", "My Favorite Martian" and "I Spy?" (Binnie) A. Yep. Chuck and I are both fans. Chuck's idea.
Jump up ^ The Big Bang Theory, la fórmula perfecta del humor
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Jump up ^ Emma Rosenblum (September 20, 2009). "The Science Guy". New York. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "The Sales Call Sublimation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 9. Episode 12. January 7, 2015. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 5. October 19, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Hamburger Postulate". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 5. October 22, 2007. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Pants Alternative". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 18. March 22, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Emotion Detection Automation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 10. Episode 14. February 7, 2017. CBS.
^ Jump up to: a b "Come up with a new theory: Sheldon does NOT have Asperger's". TV Squad. August 14, 2009. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Pancake Batter Anomaly". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 11. March 31, 2008. 09:58 minutes in. CBS. Penny, I have an IQ of 187
Jump up ^ "The Codpiece Topology". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 2. September 29, 2008. 08:20 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Big Bran Hypothesis". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 2. October 1, 2007. 16:00 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Robotic Manipulation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 4. Episode 1. September 23, 2010. 09:36 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 5. October 19, 2009. 13:55 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Bon Voyage Reaction". The Big Bang Theory. Season 6. Episode 24. May 16, 2013. CBS.
Jump up ^ Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. "Bazinga!". Retrieved September 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "USPTO Trademark Status and Document Retrieval". Retrieved February 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ s5 e16, The Vacation Solution
Jump up ^ "The Bat Jar Conjecture". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 13. April 21, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Friendship Algorithm". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 13. January 19, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Guitarist Amplification". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 7. November 9, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Large Hadron Collision". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 15. February 8, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Excelsior Acquisition". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 16. March 1, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Vacation Solution". The Big Bang Theory. Season 5. Episode 16. February 9, 2012. 12:55 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ Season 2, Episode 11: The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis
Jump up ^ "The Proton Displacement". The Big Bang Theory. Season 7. Episode 7. November 7, 2013. 16:23 minutes in. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Financial Permeability". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 14. February 2, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Adhesive Duck Deficiency". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 9. November 16, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Tiny Trinket Maneuver". The Big Bang Theory.Season 5. Episode 12. January 12, 2012. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 11. December 15, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Work Song Nanocluster". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 18.
Jump up ^ "The Bad Fish Paradigm". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 1. September 22, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Cushion Saturation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 16. March 2, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Griffin Equivalency". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 7. October 13, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Rhinitis Revelation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 5. Episode 6. October 20, 2011. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Proton Transmogrification". The Big Bang Theory. Season 7. Episode 22. May 1, 2014. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Jiminy Conjecture". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 2. April 27, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Luminous Fish Effect". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 4. October 15, 2007. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Terminator Decoupling". The Big Bang Theory. Season 2. Episode 17. March 9, 2009. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Santa Simulation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 6. Episode 11. December 13, 2012. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Bozeman Reaction". The Big Bang Theory. Season 3. Episode 13. January 18, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Having 'Big' fun on a hit comedy: A chat with 'Big Bang Theory's' Johnny Galecki". Chicago Tribune. January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bazinga! Sheldon Speaks". IGN. January 29, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Pancake Batter Anomaly". The Big Bang Theory. Season 1. Episode 11. March 31, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ Jon Weisman (December 8, 2009). "'The Big Bang Theory': Why Penny and Sheldon will hook up". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Big Bang' video: Jim Parsons tackles Sheldon-Penny romance, the virginity thing, and more!". The Ausiello Files. April 27, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Big Bang scoop: Romance for Penny and Sheldon?". IGN. January 9, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Zazzy Substitution". The Big Bang Theory. Season 4. Episode 03. October 7, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Pulled Groin Extrapolation". The Big Bang Theory. Season 5. Episode 03. September 29, 2011. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Russian Rocket Reaction". The Big Bang Theory. Season 5. Episode 5. October 13, 2011. CBS.
Jump up ^ Oswald, Brad. "The buzz: Jim Parsons as Sheldon". Winnipeg Free Press. Archived from the original on March 13, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Salem, Rob (January 24, 2009). "Nerd herd doing a bang-up job". The Toronto Star. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Matthew (February 8, 2009). "Gentle twists on reliable formulas keep viewers hooked". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ ""The Friendship Algorithm" Review". IGN. January 20, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "What a Year!". TV Guide. December 14, 2009. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "61st Primetime Emmy® Awards | Academy of Television Arts & Sciences". Cdn.emmys.tv. July 19, 2012. Archived from the original on November 6, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Complete Emmy lisitngs" (PDF). Emmy Award. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "TCA Awards hail 'True Blood' and (finally) 'Battlestar Galactica'". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "2009 14th Annual Satellite Awards". pressacademy.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "JPL Small-Body Database". Retrieved September 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Eveleth, Rose (December 17, 2012). "A Brand New Bee Was Just Named After Sheldon From 'The Big Bang Theory'". Smithsonion.com. Smart News. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Zoo names monkey after TV character". 3 News NZ. April 25, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Collins, Paul (February 6, 2009). "Must-Geek TV: Is the world ready for an Asperger's sitcom?". Slate. www.slate.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Soraya, Lynne. "Sheldony or Aspergery?: The Big Bang Theory". Asperger's Diary (Author's Note (08/16/2009)). Psychology Today. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (August 13, 2009). "Does Sheldon from 'Big Bang Theory' have Asperger's?". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lyford, Kathy (November 13, 2008). "'Big Bang Theory': Jim Parsons – 'Everybody has a little Sheldon in them'". Season Pass. Variety. Retrieved April 14, 2009. Specific video is Jim Parsons interview, part 5. Question is from 03:18–3:31. Answer is from 4:36–6:00. Specific quote is from 5:15–5:20.
Jump up ^ "Jim Parsons". The A.V. Club. May 1, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
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