text:
Product life-cycle management (marketing)
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This article is about the commercial term to describe the life of a product in the market. For the engineering term, see Product lifecycle management.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Product life-cycle management (PLM) is the succession of strategies by business management as a product goes through its life-cycle. The conditions in which a product is sold (advertising, saturation) changes over time and must be managed as it moves through its succession of stages.
Contents
[hide]
1 Goals
2 Product life cycle
2.1 Extending the product life cycle
2.2 Characteristics of PLC stages
2.3 Identifying PLC stages
3 Software
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Goals[edit]
The goals of product life cycle management (PLM) are to reduce time to market, improve product quality, reduce prototyping costs, identify potential sales opportunities and revenue contributions, and reduce environmental impacts at end-of-life. To create successful new products the company must understand its customers, markets and competitors. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) integrates people, data, processes and business systems. It provides product information for companies and their extended supply chain enterprise. PLM solutions help organizations overcome the increased complexity and engineering challenges of developing new products for the global competitive markets.[citation needed]
Product life cycle[edit]
The concept of product life cycle (PLC) concerns the life of a product in the market with respect to business/commercial costs and sales measures. The product life cycle proceeds through multiple phases, involves many professional disciplines, and requires many skills, tools and processes. PLC management makes the following three assumptions:[citation needed]
Products have a limited life and thus every product has a life cycle.
Product sales pass through distinct stages, each posing different challenges, opportunities, and problems to the seller.
Products require different marketing, financing, manufacturing, purchasing, and human resource strategies in each life cycle stage.
Once the product is designed and put into the market, the offering should be managed efficiently for the buyers to get value from it. Before entering into any market complete analysis is carried out by the industry for both external and internal factors including the laws and regulations, environment, economics, cultural values and market needs. Product life cycle is guanine concept and this term ‘product life cycle’ is associated with every product that exists, however, due to a limited shelf life the product has to expire. From the business perspective, as a good business, the product needs to be sold before it finishes its life. In terms of profitability, expiry may jolt the overall profitability of the business therefore there are few strategies, which are practiced to ensure that the product is sold within the defined period of maturity.
Extending the product life cycle[edit]
Extending the product life cycle by improving sales, this can be done through
Advertising: Its purpose is to get additional audience and potential customers.
Exploring and expanding to new markets: By conducting market research and offering the product (or some adapted form of it) to new markets, it is possible to get more customers.
Price reduction: Many customers are attracted by price cuts and discount tags.
Adding new features: Adding value to the product catches the attention of many buyers.
Packaging: New, attractive, useful or eco-friendly packaging influence the target customers.
Changing customer consumption habits: Promoting new trends of consumption can increase the number of customers.
Special promotions: Raising interest by offering Jackpot and other offers.
Heightening interest: Many of the following things attract many customers who match certain profiles: Eco-friendly production processes, good work conditions, funding the efforts of non-profit organizations (cancer cure, anti-war efforts, refugees, GLTBI, environment and animal protection, etc.) and the like.
Something important to notice is that all these techniques rely on advertising to become known. Advertising needs the others to target other potential customers and not the same over and over again.[1]
Characteristics of PLC stages[edit]
There are the following major product life cycle stages:
Stage
Characteristics
1. Market introduction stage This is the stage in which the product has been introduced first time in the market and the sales of the product starts to grow slowly and gradually and the profit received from the product is nominal and non-attained. The market for the product is not competitive initially and also the company spends initially on the advertisement and uses various other tools for promotion in order to motivate and produce awareness among the consumers, therefore generating discerning demands for particular brand. The products start to gain distribution as the product is initially new in the market and in this stage the quality of the product is not assured and the price of the product will also be determined as low or high.[2]
costs are very high
slow sales volumes to start
little or no competition
demand has to be created
customers have to be prompted to try the product
makes little money at this stage
2. Growth stage In the growth stage, the product is present already in the market and the consumers of the products are habitual of the product and also there is quick growth in the product sales as more new and new customers are using and trying and are becoming aware of the product. The customers are becoming satisfied from the product and they bought it again and again. The ratio of the product repetition for the trial procurement risen and also at this level, the competitors have started to overflow the market with more appealing and attractive inventions. This helps in creating increased competition in the market and also results in decreasing the product price.
costs reduced due to economies of scale
sales volume increases significantly
profitability begins to rise
public awareness increases
competition begins to increase with a few new players in establishing market
increased competition leads to price decreases
3. Maturity stage In maturity stage, the cost of the product has been decreased because of the increased volume of the product and the product started to experience the curve effects. Also, more and more competitors have seen to be leaving the market. In this way very few buyers have been left for the product and this results in less sales of the product. The decline of the product and cost of attaining new buyers in this level is more as compare to the resulted profit. The brand or the product differentiation via rebating and discounts in price supports in recalling the outlet distribution. Also, there is a decline in the entire cost of marketing through enhancing the distribution and promotional efficiency with switching brand and segmentation.[3]
costs are decreased as a result of production volumes increasing and experience curve effects
sales volume peaks and market saturation is reached
increase in competitors entering the market
prices tend to drop due to the proliferation of competing products
brand differentiation and feature diversification is emphasized to maintain or increase market share
industrial profits go down
4. Saturation and decline stage In this stage, the profit as well as the sales of the product has started to decline because of the deletion of the product from the market. The market for the product in this stage, started to show negative rate of growth and corroding cash flows. The product at this stage may be kept but there should be fewer adverts.[4]
costs become counter-optimal
sales volume decline
prices, profitability diminish
profit becomes more a challenge of production/distribution efficiency than increased sales
Note: Product termination is usually not the end of the business cycle, only the end of a single entrant within the larger scope of an ongoing business program.
Identifying PLC stages[edit]
Identifying the stage of a product is an art more than a science, but it's possible to find patterns in some of the general product features at each stage. Identifying product stages when the product is in transition is very difficult.[citation needed]
Identifying
features Stages
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
Sales Low High High Low
Investment cost Very high High (lower than intro stage) Low Low
Competition Low or no competition High Very high Very High
Profit Low High High Low
Product life cycle at different stages
Software[edit]
PLM solution providers for consumer brand manufacturers include Centric Software and ec Vision Independent. [5]
See also[edit]
Application lifecycle management
Brand awareness
Consumer behaviour
Diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages (DMSMS)
Material selection
New product development
Obsolescence
Planned obsolescence
Product lifecycle management
Product management
Product teardown
Software product management
Technology life cycle
Toolkits for user innovation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Levitt, Theodore (November 1965). "Exploit the Product Life Cycle". Harvard Business Review.
Jump up ^ Anderson & Zeithaml, Carl R. & Carl P. (Mar 1984). "Stage of the Product Life Cycle, Business Strategy, and Business Performance". The Academy of Management Journal. 27 NO 1: 5–24.
Jump up ^ Griffin, Abbie (Feb 1997). "The Effect of Project and Process Characteristics on Product Development Cycle Time". Journal of Marketing Research. 34 NO 1: 24–35.
Jump up ^ Steffens, Paul (August 2002). ""The Product Life Cycle Concept: Buried or Resurrected by the Diffusion Literature?"". Academy of Management Conference. 1(5): 1–30.
Jump up ^ COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: Process and Technology to Support 9380228554 RAVINDAR TOMAR - 2009 "Major Commercial Players Total spending on PLM software and services is estimated to be above $15 billion a year but it is ... and consumer brand manufacturers, including Centric Software and ec Vision Independent PLM solution providers ...
Further reading[edit]
Box, Jonathan Mbosia, Extending product lifetime: Prospects and opportunities, Tanzanian Journal of Marketing September, 2012
Day, G. "The product life cycle: Analysis and applications issues", Journal of Marketing, vol 45, Autumn 1981, pp 60–67.
Levitt, T., "Exploit the product life cycle", Harvard Business Review, vol 43, November–December 1965, pp 81–94.
Dhalla, N.K., Yuspeh, S., "Forget the product life cycle concept", Harvard Business Review, Jan–Feb 1976
Rey F.J., Martín-Gil J., Velasco E. et al., "Life Cycle Assessment and external environmental cost analysis of heat pumps", Environmental Engineering Science, vol 21, September 2004, pp 591–604
Westkämper, E., "Live Cycle Management and Assessment: Approaches and Visions Towards Sustainable Manufacturing", Annals of the CIRP, Vol. 49, no 2, 2000, pp 501–522
Chan, K.C. and Mills, T.M., "Modeling competition over product life cycles", Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, vol 32, no. 3, 2015, DOI: 10.1142/S0217595915500219
Anderson, C. and Zeithaml, C. 1984. Stage of the Product Life Cycle, Business Strategy, and Business Performance. Academy of Management, 27(1), pp. 5-24
Griffin, A. 1997. The Effect of Project and Process Characteristics on Product Development Cycle Time. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), pp. 24-35
Levitt, T., 1965. Exploit the Product Life Cycle. Harvard Business Review
Steffens, P. 2002. The Product Life Cycle Concept: Buried or Resurrected by the Diffusion Literature?. Academy of Management Conference, 1(5), pp. 1-30
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Creature from the Black Lagoon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the film. For the eponymous character, see Gill-man. For the pinball machine, see Creature from the Black Lagoon (pinball). For the manga, see Black Lagoon.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (February 2018)
Creature from the Black Lagoon
Theatrical release poster
by Reynold Brown
Directed by
Jack Arnold
Produced by
William Alland
Screenplay by
Harry Essex
Arthur A. Ross
Story by
Maurice Zimm
Starring
Richard Carlson
Julia Adams
Richard Denning
Antonio Moreno
Music by
Henry Mancini
Hans J. Salter
Herman Stein
Cinematography
William E. Snyder
Edited by
Ted J. Kent
Production
company
Universal Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
February 12, 1954 (1954-02-12)
(premiere)[1]
March 5, 1954 (1954-03-05)
(et al., regional openings)
Running time
79 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
unknown
Box office
$1,300,000
Creature from the Black Lagoon is a 1954 American black-and-white 3D monster horror film from Universal-International, produced by William Alland, directed by Jack Arnold, that stars Richard Carlson, Julia Adams, Richard Denning, Antonio Moreno and Whit Bissell. The Creature was played by Ben Chapman on land and by Ricou Browning underwater. The film premiered in Detroit on February 12 and was released on a regional basis, opening on various dates.
Creature from the Black Lagoon was filmed in 3D and originally projected by the polarized light method. The audience wore viewers with gray polarizing filters, similar to the viewers most commonly used today. Because the brief 1950s 3D film fad had peaked in mid-1953 and was fading fast in early 1954, many audiences actually saw the film "flat", in 2D. Typically, the film was shown in 3D in large downtown theaters and flat in smaller neighborhood theaters. In 1975 Creature from the Black Lagoon was re-released to theaters in the inferior red-and-blue-glasses anaglyph 3D format, which was also used for a 1980 home video release on Beta and VHS videocassettes.[1]
For marketing reasons, a comedic short TV special was aired prior to the film's release titled Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon. Ben Chapman reprised his role as the Gill-Man for the program.[citation needed]
Creature from the Black Lagoon generated two sequels: Revenge of the Creature (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), filmed in 2D. The creature, also known as the Gill-man, is usually counted among the classic Universal Monsters.[citation needed]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Critical reception
5 Home media
6 In other media
6.1 Novelization
7 Reboots and remakes
7.1 Successful sequels
7.2 Cancelled remakes
7.3 Reboot
7.4 Legacy
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Notes
9.2 Citations
9.3 Bibliography
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Autographed Julie Adams still featuring the Creature menacing Kay.
A geology expedition in the Amazon uncovers fossilized evidence (a skeletal hand with webbed fingers) from the Devonian period that provides a direct link between land and sea animals. Expedition leader Dr. Carl Maia (Antonio Moreno) orders his two assistants to stay in camp while he visits the marine biology institute.
Carl reunites with his friend and former student, ichthyologist Dr. David Reed (Richard Carlson). David works at an aquarium in California, but more recently he has been a guest at Carl's institute in Brazil to study lungfish. David persuades his boss, the financially minded Dr. Mark Williams (Richard Denning), to fund a return expedition to the Amazon to look for the remainder of the skeleton.
Soon after Carl leaves camp, a piscine amphibious humanoid, a living member of the same species from which the fossil originated, becomes curious about the expedition's camp. When its sudden appearance frightens the assistants, they panic and attack, and in response the enraged creature kills them both.
The group goes aboard the tramp steamer Rita, captained by crusty Lucas (Nestor Paiva). The expedition consists of David, Carl, Mark, as well as David's girlfriend and colleague, Kay Lawrence (Julie Adams), and another scientist, Dr. Edwin Thompson (Whit Bissell). When they arrive at the camp, they discover Carl's assistants have been killed while he was away. Lucas suggests it was likely done by a jaguar, but the others are unsure.
A further excavation of the area where Carl found the fossil turns up nothing. Mark is ready to give up the search, but David suggests that perhaps thousands of years ago the part of the embankment containing the rest of the skeleton fell into the water and was washed downriver, broken up by the current. Carl says the tributary empties into a lagoon. Lucas calls it the "Black Lagoon", a paradise from which no one has ever returned. The scientists decide to risk it, unaware that the amphibious "Gill-man" that killed Carl's assistants has been watching them. Taking notice of the beautiful Kay, the creature follows the Rita all the way downriver to the Black Lagoon. Once the expedition arrives, David and Mark go diving to collect rock samples from the lagoon floor. After they return, Kay goes swimming and is stalked underwater by the Gill-man, who then gets briefly caught in one of the ship's drag lines. Although it escapes, the creature leaves a claw behind in the net, revealing its existence.
Subsequent encounters with the Gill-man claim the lives of Lucas's crew members, before the creature is captured and locked in a cage aboard the Rita. It escapes during the night, attacking Edwin, who was guarding it. Kay smashes the creature with a lantern, driving it off, but Edwin is severely injured. Following this incident, David decides they should return to civilization. Mark, obsessed with capturing (or killing) the creature, objects. As the Rita tries to leave, they find the lagoon's entrance blocked by fallen logs, courtesy of the Gill-man. While the others attempt to remove the logs, Mark is mauled to death while trying to capture the creature single-handedly, underwater. It then abducts Kay and takes her to its cavern lair. David, Lucas and Carl give chase, and Kay is rescued. The creature is riddled with bullets before retreating to the lagoon, where its body sinks into the watery depths.
Cast[edit]
Ricou Browning played the "Gill Man" in the underwater scenes of Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Revenge of the Creature (1955), and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956).
Richard Carlson as Dr. David Reed
Julie Adams as Kay Lawrence
Richard Denning as Dr. Mark Williams
Antonio Moreno as Dr. Carl Maia
Nestor Paiva as Captain Lucas
Whit Bissell as Dr. Edwin Thompson
Bernie Gozier as Zee
Henry A. Escalante as Chico
Perry Lopez as Tomas
Rodd Redwing as Luis
Sydney Mason as Dr. Matos
Ben Chapman as Gill-man (land)
Ricou Browning as Gill-man (underwater)
Production[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017)
Ginger Stanley did underwater stunts in the first two films.[2]
Producer William Alland was attending a 1941 dinner party during the filming of Citizen Kane (in which he played the reporter Thompson) when Mexican cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa told him about the myth of a race of half-fish, half-human creatures in the Amazon River. Alland wrote story notes titled "The Sea Monster" 10 years later. His inspiration was Beauty and the Beast. In December 1952, Maurice Zimm expanded this into a treatment, which Harry Essex and Arthur Ross rewrote as The Black Lagoon. Following the success of the 3D film House of Wax in 1953, Jack Arnold was hired to direct the film in the same format.[3]
The designer of the approved Gill-man was Disney animator Milicent Patrick, though her role was deliberately downplayed by make-up artist Bud Westmore, who for half a century would receive sole credit for the creature's conception.[4] Jack Kevan, who worked on The Wizard of Oz (1939) and made prosthetics for amputees during World War II, created the bodysuit, while Chris Mueller Jr. sculpted the head.[citation needed]
Ben Chapman portrayed the Gill-man for the majority of the scenes shot at Universal City, California. Many of the on-top of the water scenes were filmed at Rice Creek near Palatka, Florida. The costume made it impossible for Chapman to sit for the 14 hours of each day that he wore it, and it overheated easily, so he stayed in the back lot's lake, often requesting to be hosed down. He also could not see very well while wearing the headpiece, which caused him to scrape Julie Adams' head against the wall when carrying her in the grotto scenes. Ricou Browning played the Gill-Man in the underwater shots, which were filmed by the second unit in Wakulla Springs, Florida.[3]
Critical reception[edit]
Creature from the Black Lagoon received positive reviews from critics upon its release and is now considered a classic.[citation needed] Leonard Maltin awarded the film three out of a possible four stars, writing, "Archetypal '50s monster movie has been copied so often that some of the edge is gone, but ... is still entertaining, with juicy atmosphere and luminous underwater photography sequences."[5] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 84%, based on 32 reviews, with an overall rating average of 6.9/10.[6] The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2001: AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – Nominated[7]
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
Gill-man – Nominated Villain[8]
Home media[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1980, Universal released Creature from the Black Lagoon on video cassette in an anaglyph 3D version, using the Deep Vision anaglyph 3D release as its source. Subsequent releases on VHS, Beta and DVD were the 2D version. On October 2, 2012, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray as a 2D / Blu-ray 3D dual format disc as part of the "Universal Classic Monsters: The Essential Collection" box set. On June 4, 2013, the Creature from the Black Lagoon Blu-ray disc was released as a stand-alone title.
In other media[edit]
Novelization[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Creature from the Black Lagoon was novelized in 1954 by John Russell Fearn under the pseudonym of "Vargo Statten", then later, in 1977, in mass market paperback under the pseudonym of "Carl Dreadstone". This was part of a short-lived series of books based on the classic Universal horror films. The 1977 book was introduced by Ramsey Campbell, but was written by Walter Harris. The 1977 novel offers a completely different Gill-man, who in this version of the story is gigantic, almost as big as the Rita herself, weighing in at 30 tons. It is both coldblooded and warmblooded, is a hermaphrodite, and also possesses a long whip-like tail. The gigantic creature is dubbed "AA", for "Advanced Amphibian", by the expedition team members. After slaying most of the team members, destroying a Sikorsky helicopter, and kidnapping Kay more than once, the creature is killed by the crew of a United States Navy torpedo boat.
The 1977 novel also differs greatly with respect to the human characters. Only David Reed and Kay Lawrence remain the same. Mark Williams is a German named "Bruno Gebhardt" and dies not as a result from drowning, but by the monster falling on him. Lucas is named "Jose Goncalves Fonseca de Souza" and is a mostly sympathetic character, until his suggestion of throwing the wounded and unconscious Reed to the monster makes an enraged Gebhardt/Williams throw "him" to the beast instead. Dr. Thompson and Dr. Maia both die grisly deaths, whereas in the movie they survive; Maia is eaten by the monster, and Thompson is impaled on a long tree branch flung at him by the creature like a spear (in an apparent nod to a deleted scene from Revenge of the Creature wherein the Gill-man killed a guard in this fashion).
Reboots and remakes[edit]
Main article: Cultural impact of Creature from the Black Lagoon
Successful sequels[edit]
Creature from the Black Lagoon spawned two sequels: Revenge of the Creature (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), filmed in 2D. A comedic short TV special was aired prior to the film's release titled Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon.
Cancelled remakes[edit]
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (August 2016)
In 1982, John Landis wanted Jack Arnold to direct a remake of the film, and Nigel Kneale was commissioned to write the screenplay. Kneale completed the script, which involved a pair of creatures, one destructive and the other calm and sensitive, being persecuted by the United States Navy.[9] A decision to make the film in 3D led to the remake being canceled by producers at Universal, both for budgetary concerns and to avoid a clash with Jaws 3-D.[9] In 1992, John Carpenter was developing the remake at Universal.[10] He originally hired Bill Phillips to write the script while Rick Baker was hired to create the 3D model of the Creature, but the project never got green-lit. Herschel Weingrod and Timothy Harris wrote a new script,[11] and Universal offered Peter Jackson the director's position in 1995, but he chose to work on King Kong instead.[12] In February 1996, Ivan Reitman was planning to direct the remake, but the outing never materialized.[11] With the financial success of The Mummy remake in May 1999, development of the Creature from the Black Lagoon remake was revived.[13]
In December 2001, Gary Ross signed on to write and produce the remake with his father, Arthur A. Ross, one of the original's writers. He told The Hollywood Reporter, "The story my father wrote embodies the clash between primitive men and civilized men, and that obviously makes it a fertile area for re-examination."[14] In August 2002, Guillermo del Toro, a fan of the original, was attached as director.[15] He had hoped to do a story focused more on the Creature's perspective and letting him have romantic success, which he would later turn into the 2017 film The Shape of Water, but Universal heads rejected this concept.[16] Because of these creative clashes and his commitments to numerous other projects, Universal was forced to go without del Toro and hired Tedi Sarafian (credited on Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines) to write a script in March 2003.[17]
In October 2005, Breck Eisner signed on as director. "As a kid, I remember loving Jack Arnold's original version of this film", he explained. "What I really want to do is update an iconic image from the '50s and bring in more of the sci-fi sensibility of Alien or John Carpenter's The Thing (1982)."[18] Ross said in March 2007 the Gill-man's origin would be reinvented, with him being the result of a pharmaceutical corporation polluting the Amazon. "It's about the rainforest being exploited for profit", he said.[19]
However, the production was delayed by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike; as a result, Eisner made The Crazies (2010) the number one on his priority list instead. His new goal was to finish filming The Crazies and then begin filming Creature from the Black Lagoon in Manaus, Brazil and on the Amazon River in Peru. Eisner was inspired to shoot on location by the film Fitzcarraldo, and the boat set had been built. Eisner continued to rewrite the script, which was to be a summer blockbuster full of "action and excitement, but [still] scary". Eisner spent six months designing the new incarnation of the Gill-man with Mark McCreery (Jurassic Park, and Davy Jones' designer). The director said the design was "very faithful to the original, but updated" and that the Gill-man would still be sympathetic.[20]
In 2009, it was reported that Carl Erik Rinsch might direct a 2010 remake that would be produced by Marc Abraham, Eric Newman and Gary Ross;[21][22] however, a project featuring this ensemble had been abandoned by 2011.[citation needed]
In March 2012, Universal announced that a remake was in production, and would simply be titled The Black Lagoon rather than Creature from the Black Lagoon, in order to distinguish the two versions. In October 2012, the studio hired Dave Kajganich to write the film.[23] The film was expected to hit theaters by May 2014, but was ultimately cancelled.[citation needed]
Reboot[edit]
Main article: Universal Monsters § Dark Universe
Universal Pictures is developing a shared universe of rebooted modern-day versions of their classic Universal Monsters, with various films in different stages of development. The series begins with The Mummy (2017) and will continue with Bride of Frankenstein (2019). The Creature from the Black Lagoon has a story written by Jeff Pinkner and a script written by Will Beall. In June 2017, Kurtzman revealed that the Gill-man will be from the Amazon.[24] But on November 8, 2017, Alex Kurtzman and Chris Morgan moved on to other projects, leaving the future of the Dark Universe in doubt.[25] On January 15, 2018, it was reported by Omega Underground that the production team for the Bride of Frankenstein has reassembled and are now eyeing Gal Gadot for the lead role, so there is still hope for the Dark Universe and the other Universal reboots.[26]
Legacy[edit]
The 2017 film The Shape of Water was partly inspired by Guillermo del Toro's childhood memories of Creature from the Black Lagoon; he wished to see Gill-man and the film's co-star Julie Adams succeed in their romance.[27]
See also[edit]
1950s portal
Florida portal
Film in the United States portal
Horror fiction portal
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Furmanek, Bob and Greg Kintz. "An in-depth look at 'Creature from the Black Lagoon'." 3dfilmarchive.com, 2012. Retrieved: November 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Portrait of Ginger Stanley sitting on a diving board - Weeki Wachee Springs, Florida." State Archives of Florida. Retrieved: March 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Vieira 2003, pp. 141–143.
Jump up ^ Ferrari 2003, p. 287.
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard. Leonard Maltin's 2014 Movie Guide. Penguin Press. p. 298. ISBN 9780451418104.
Jump up ^ "Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.com. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved August 20, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Murray 2005, pp. 154–156.
Jump up ^ Archerd, Army "Olympics to cross finish line in style." Variety, July 19, 1992.
^ Jump up to: a b Archerd, Army. "Hiller relieved that noms weren't leaked." Variety, February 12, 1996.
Jump up ^ "Recreating the Eighth Wonder." King Kong (3-disc Deluxe Extended Edition DVD), 2006.
Jump up ^ Fleming. Michael. "Kornberg reups at U." Variety, May 20, 1999.
Jump up ^ Linder, Brian (December 13, 2001). "Back to the Black Lagoon". IGN. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Linder, Brian (August 7, 2002). "Del Toro to Uni's Creature Redo". IGN. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Del Toro Talks Black Lagoon Influence On "Shape" - Dark Horizons". darkhorizons.com. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Linder, Brian (March 11, 2003). "T3 Scribe Penning Creature". IGN. Archived from the original on August 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Snyder, Gabriel. "U's 'Creature' meets maker." Variety, October 19, 2005.
Jump up ^ Cieply, Michael. "On screens soon, abused Earth gets its revenge." The New York Times, March 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ Rotten, Ryan. "Exclusive: Eisner on Creature from the Black Lagoon Remake." Shock Till You Drop, May 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (December 14, 2009). "Creature to Feature Rinsch?". Variety. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Creature from the Black Lagoon' Taps New Director for Revival." bloody-disgusting.com. Retrieved: March 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys. "'Creature From the Black Lagoon' nabs a writer (Exclusive)." The Hollywood Reporter, October 12, 2012. Retrieved: March 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Where The Creature From The Black Lagoon Monster Comes From In Universal's Dark Universe". Cinema Blend. June 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys; Couch, Aaron (November 8, 2017). "Universal's "Monsterverse" in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill Condon's 'Bride of Frankenstein' Assembles A Production Team - When Will It Shoot? - Omega Underground". omegaunderground.com. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
Jump up ^ "The Iconic Horror Movie Scene That Inspired 'The Shape of Water' – Bloody Disgusting". bloody-disgusting.com. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
Bibliography[edit]
Ferrari, Andrea. Il Cinema Dei Mostri. Milan, Italy: Mondadori, 2003. ISBN 88-435-9915-1.
Murray, Andy. Into the Unknown: The Fantastic Life of Nigel Kneale. Stockport, Cheshire, UK: Critical Vision, 2005. ISBN 1-900486-50-4.
Vieira, Mark A. Hollywood Horror: From Gothic to Cosmic. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003. ISBN 0-8109-4535-5.
Warren, Bill. Keep Watching the Skies: American Science Fiction Films of the Fifties, 21st Century Edition. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009, (First edition 1982). ISBN 0-89950-032-3.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Creature from the Black Lagoon.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Creature from the Black Lagoon
Creature from the Black Lagoon on IMDb
Creature from the Black Lagoon at the TCM Movie Database
Creature from the Black Lagoon at AllMovie
Creature from the Black Lagoon at Rotten Tomatoes
The Reel Gill-man – Official site of Ben Chapman, who played the Gill-man
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Films
Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)
Revenge of the Creature (1955)
The Creature Walks Among Us (1956)
Parodies
Mad Monster Party? (1967)
Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972)
Saturday the 14th (1981)
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Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Other
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Films directed by Jack Arnold
With These Hands (1950)
Girls in the Night (1953)
It Came from Outer Space (1953)
The Glass Web (1953)
Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)
The Man from Bitter Ridge (1955)
Revenge of the Creature (1955)
Tarantula (1955)
Red Sundown (1956)
Outside the Law (1956)
The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957)
The Tattered Dress (1957)
Man in the Shadow (1957)
The Lady Takes a Flyer (1958)
High School Confidential (1958)
The Space Children (1958)
Monster on the Campus (1958)
No Name on the Bullet (1959)
The Mouse That Roared (1959)
Bachelor in Paradise (1961)
A Global Affair (1964)
The Lively Set (1964)
Hello Down There (1969)
Black Eye (1974)
Boss Nigger (1975)
The Swiss Conspiracy (1976)
The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West (1976)
Marilyn: The Untold Story (1980)
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Remakes
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Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932)
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The Raven (1935)
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The Mummy
The Mummy (1999)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008)
Invisible Man
The Invisible Man (1933)
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The Invisible Woman (1940)
Invisible Agent (1942)
The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944)
Werewolves (The Wolf Man)
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Ape Woman
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Jungle Woman (1944)
The Jungle Captive (1945)
Inner Sanctum
Mysteries
Calling Dr. Death (1943)
Weird Woman
Dead Man's Eyes (1944)
The Frozen Ghost
Strange Confession
Pillow of Death (1945)
Gill-man
Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)
Revenge of the Creature (1955)
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Other films
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)
The Cat and the Canary (1927)
The Man Who Laughs (1928)
The Last Warning
The Last Performance (1929)
The Cat Creeps
La Voluntad del muerto (1930)
The Old Dark House (1932)
Secret of the Blue Room (1933)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1935)
The Invisible Ray (1936)
Night Key (1937)
The Phantom Creeps (1939)
Phantom of the Opera
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Phantom of the Opera (1943)
Tower of London (1939)
Black Friday (1940)
Man Made Monster
Horror Island (1941)
The Mad Doctor of Market Street
The Strange Case of Doctor Rx
Night Monster (1942)
The Mad Ghoul (1943)
The Climax (1944)
The Spider Woman Strikes Back
The Cat Creeps (1946)
The Creeper
House of Horrors (1946)
The Brute Man (1946)
The Strange Door (1951)
The Black Castle (1952)
It Came from Outer Space (1953)
Tarantula
Cult of the Cobra
This Island Earth (1955)
Curucu, Beast of the Amazon
The Mole People (1956)
The Incredible Shrinking Man
The Deadly Mantis
The Land Unknown
The Monolith Monsters (1957)
The Thing That Couldn't Die
Monster on the Campus (1958)
Curse of the Undead (1959)
The Leech Woman (1960)
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