text:
Reap the whirlwind (phrase)
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Reap the whirlwind is a term derived from the proverbial phrase, "They that sow the wind, shall reap the whirlwind", which in turn comes from the Book of Hosea in the Hebrew Bible (Hosea 8-7).
Notable uses[edit]
The phrase was famously used by Arthur "Bomber" Harris in response to the Blitz of 1940 when he said:
The Nazis entered this war under the rather childish delusion that they were going to bomb everybody else, and nobody was going to bomb them. At Rotterdam, London, Warsaw, and half a hundred other places, they put that rather naïve theory into operation. They sowed the wind, and now, they are going to reap the whirlwind.[1]
The phrase was also used by Norman Tebbit in a 1985 lecture when he condemned the permissive society saying:
Bad art was as good as good art. Grammar and spelling were no longer important. To be clean was no better than to be filthy. Good manners were no better than bad. Family life was derided as an outdated bourgeois concept. Criminals deserved as much sympathy as their victims. Many homes and classrooms became disorderly – if there was neither right nor wrong there could be no basis for punishment or reward. Violence and soft pornography became accepted in the media. Thus was sown the wind; and we are now reaping the whirlwind.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robin Cross, Fallen Eagle (London, John Wiley and Sons 1995), 78
Jump up ^ Norman Tebbit, "Back to the old traditional values", The Guardian Weekly, 24 November 1985.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reap_the_whirlwind_(phrase)&oldid=797751328"
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The Secret of Crickley Hall
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This article is about the novel. For the television adaptation, see The Secret of Crickley Hall (TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Secret of Crickley Hall
Author
James Herbert
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Supernatural Horror
Publisher
Pan Books
Publication date
October 2006
Media type
Print (Hardcover, Paperback)
Pages
634
ISBN
978-0330411684
OCLC
77540667
The Secret of Crickley Hall is a 2006 supernatural thriller novel by the British writer James Herbert.
Contents
1 Synopsis
1.1 2006
1.2 1943
2 Television adaptation
3 References
Synopsis[edit]
2006[edit]
Gabe Caleigh, his wife Eve, and their children, Loren, Cameron and Cally, live in London. One day Cameron goes missing when Eve falls asleep for a few seconds at a playground and he simply disappears. Eleven months later, Gabe is offered a short-term contract of employment on the coast. Anxious for his wife, he suggest that a relocation over the period of the anniversary could help the whole family.
On arriving at Crickley Hall, they meet Percy Judd who worked there during the war; he seems concerned for their children. They start to settle in but before long, strange things start to happen at the house. They hear people, Cally claims to have been hit by a man with a cane and their dog runs away in terror. In the house Eve hears her missing son’s voice for the first time in a year. He says he is alive and the children can tell her where he is. After Loren suffers a terrifyingly real nightmare where she gets whipped by the man with the cane, Gabe wants them all to leave, but Eve can’t bear to abandon her son.
The village of Hollow Bay in The Secret Of Crickley Hall is based on Lynmouth in Exmoor National Park, Devon; Devil's Cleave is the East Lyn Valley and Watersmeet. The book brings together two stories, child evacuees during the Second World War and the 1952 flood disaster that devastated Lynmouth.[1][2]
1943[edit]
Seventy years earlier, Crickley Hall is an orphanage for children evacuated from the Blitz. Nancy is interviewed for the position of ‘tutor’ by Magda, sister of Augustus Cribben who runs the orphanage. Nancy meets the children, including six-year-old Stefan, a Polish refugee, and twelve-year-old Maurice, the class sneak. Cribben keeps in the shadows – he hasn’t been the same since he was injured in the Blitz. Nancy suspects the orphans are being mistreated, especially Stefan. When Nancy finally meets Cribben, she is appalled by a man who seems out of control. She tries to rescue the orphans but is fired, and no-one believes her apart from young Percy, who is about to be called up to war.
Television adaptation[edit]
Main article: The Secret of Crickley Hall (TV series)
A three-part serial was broadcast weekly on BBC One from 18 November 2012.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.everythingexmoor.org.uk/exmoor_encyclopedia_detail.php?id=617
Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2223117/Prepare-scream-The-Secret-Of-Crickley-Hall-James-Herbert-coming-BBC-One.html
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Works by James Herbert
Novels
The Rats (1974)
The Fog (1975)
The Survivor (1976)
Fluke (1977)
The Spear (1978)
Lair (1979)
The Dark (1980)
The Jonah (1981)
Shrine (1983)
Domain (1984)
Moon (1985)
The Magic Cottage (1986)
Sepulchre (1987)
Haunted (1988)
Creed (1990)
Portent (1992)
The City (1993)
The Ghosts of Sleath (1994)
'48 (1996)
Others (1999)
Once (2001)
Nobody True (2003)
The Secret of Crickley Hall (2006)
Ash (2012)
Short stories
"Maurice and Mog" (1987)
"Breakfast" (1989)
"Halloween's Child" (1990)
"They Don't Like Us" (1997)
"Extinct" (2003)
"Cora's Needs" (2003)
Non-fiction
By Horror Haunted (1992)
James Herbert's Dark Places (1993)
Adaptations
The Survivor (1981 film)
Deadly Eyes (1982 film adaptation of The Rats)
The Rats (1985 video game)
Fluke (1995 film)
Haunted (1995 film)
The Secret of Crickley Hall (2012 TV series)

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Junctional rhythm
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Junctional rhythm
Junctional rhythm describes an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from impulses coming from a locus of tissue in the area of the atrioventricular node,[1] the "junction" between atria and ventricles.
Under normal conditions, the heart's sinoatrial node determines the rate by which the organ beats – in other words, it is the heart's "pacemaker". The electrical activity of sinus rhythm originates in the sinoatrial node and depolarizes the atria. Current then passes from the atria through the atrioventricular node and into the bundle of His, from which it travels along Purkinje fibers to reach and depolarize the ventricles. This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles.
In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does not control the heart's rhythm – this can happen in the case of a block in conduction somewhere along the pathway described above. When this happens, the heart's atrioventricular node takes over as the pacemaker.[2] In the case of a junctional rhythm, the atria will actually still contract before the ventricles; however, this does not happen by the normal pathway of activation and instead is due to a backwards or retrograde conduction (conduction comes from the AV node into and through the atria).[3]
Junctional rhythm can be diagnosed by looking at an ECG: it usually presents without a P wave or with an inverted P wave. Retrograde P waves refers to the depolarization from the AV node back towards the SA node.[4]
See also[edit]
Junctional tachycardia
Junctional escape beat
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster dictionary > Junctional rhythm Retrieved September 2010
Jump up ^ eMedicine:"Junctional Rhythms" http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1212.htm
Jump up ^ medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retrograde+conduction
Jump up ^ Abnormalities in the ECG measurement http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ecg/ecg_outline/Lesson4/index.html#PRinterval
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Flag of Kentucky
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Kentucky
Name
The Bluegrass State
Use
Civil and state flag
Proportion
10:19
Adopted
March 26, 1918 (standardized 1963)
Design
Seal of Kentucky on a field of azure
Designed by
Jesse Cox Burgess
The flag of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was adopted on March 26, 1918.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Design
3 Pledge
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
In the early history of the state there were many flags representing various affiliations or countries that people came from and settle in the area.[1] A portion of the state was held by the French monarchy until the French and Indian War. After the war, the land was ceded to Great Britain and the Union Jack flew over the commonwealth until the Revolutionary War. After the Declaration of Independence was signed, Kentucky, as a part of the Commonwealth of Virginia, flew the flag of Virginia. As the war progressed, Louisville and Lexington adopted the "Betsy Ross flag". The rest of the state followed. After the war ended, the Flag of Virginia was restored for a short period.
Once Kentucky became part of the Union in 1792, the state adopted the 15-star flag of the Union. The U.S. flag was kept as the unofficial state flag for many years that followed. During the American Civil War, the flag of the Confederate States as well as the flag of the Union flew over Kentucky with prominence varying on location and the progression of the war.
The flag was designed by Jesse Cox Burgess, an art teacher in Frankfort, the state capital. The flag was adopted by the Kentucky General Assembly on March 26, 1918,[2] and finalized the process by including a drawing in the statutes on 1928.
Design[edit]
The flag consists of the Commonwealth's seal on a navy blue field, surrounded by the words "Commonwealth of Kentucky" above and sprigs of goldenrod, the state flower, below.[3] The seal depicts a pioneer and a statesman embracing. Popular belief claims that the buckskin-clad man on the left is Daniel Boone, who was largely responsible for the exploration of Kentucky, and the man in the suit on the right is Henry Clay, Kentucky's most famous statesman. However, the official explanation is that the men represent all frontiersmen and statesmen, rather than any specific persons.[4] The state motto: "United We Stand, Divided We Fall" circles them. The motto comes from the lyrics of "The Liberty Song", a patriotic song from the American Revolution.
In 2001, the North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) surveyed its members on the designs of the 72 Canadian provincial, U.S. state, and U.S. territorial flags; Kentucky's flag was ranked 66th.[5]
Pledge[edit]
In 2000, the General Assembly adopted the following pledge of allegiance to the flag of Kentucky:
“ I pledge allegiance to the Kentucky flag, and to the Sovereign State for which it stands, one Commonwealth, blessed with diversity, natural wealth, beauty, and grace from on High."[6] ”
See also[edit]
Kentucky portal
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Symbols of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Seal of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kentucky State Flag History".
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of Kentucky. New York, New York: Somerset Publishers. 1987. ISBN 0-403-09981-1.
Jump up ^ Federal Writers' Project (1996). The WPA Guide to Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky. p. 49. ISBN 0813108659. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Bryant, Ron (2005-04-21). "The Kentucky State Seal". Kentucky Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 2006-12-29. Retrieved 2007-01-16.
Jump up ^ "2001 State/Provincial Flag Survey - NAVA.org" (PDF). nava.org.
Jump up ^ "2.035 Pledge of allegiance to state flag" (PDF). Legislative Research Commission. 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
External links[edit]
Kentucky's State Flag (Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives)
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text:
Malinois dog
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Belgian Malinois
Other names
(Chien de Berger Belge)
Mechelaar
Mechelse Herder
Mechelse Scheper
Pastor Belga Malinois
Origin
Belgium
[hide]Traits
Weight
Male 25–30 kg (55–66 lb)[1]
Female 22–25 kg (49–55 lb)[1]
Height
Male 61–66 cm (24–26 in)
Female 56–61 cm (22–24 in)
Coat
short
Color
fawn
mahogany
black
Life span
10–12 years
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 1, Section 1 Sheepdogs #015c standard
AKC
Herding standard
ANKC
Group 5 (Working Dogs) standard
CKC
Group 7 (Herding Dogs) standard
KC (UK)
Pastoral standard
NZKC
Working standard
UKC
Herding Dog standard
Domestic dog (''Canis lupus familiaris)
The Malinois /ˈmælɪnwɑː/ is a medium-to-large[2] breed of dog, sometimes classified as a variety of the Belgian Shepherd dog rather than as a separate breed. The name "Malinois" is derived from Malines, the French name for the breed's city of origin.[3]
The breed is used as a working dog for tasks including detection of odors such as explosives, accelerants (for arson investigation), and narcotics; tracking humans for suspect apprehension in police work; and search and rescue missions. The U.S. Secret Service uses Belgian Malinois to guard the grounds of the White House.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearance
1.1 Coat and color
1.2 Size
2 Temperament
3 Working dog
4 Activities
5 Health
6 In popular culture
6.1 Literature
6.2 Television
6.3 Film
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Appearance[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Malinois is a medium-to-large and square-proportioned dog in the sheepdog family. The Malinois has a short mahogany coat with black markings. It has black erect ears and a black muzzle. It has a square build in comparison to the German Shepherd.[2]
Coat and color[edit]
Due to its history as a working dog (i.e., being bred for function over form), the Malinois can vary greatly in appearance. The acceptable colors of pure-bred Malinois are a base color fawn to mahogany and tan with a black mask and black ears with some degree of black tipping on the hairs, giving an overlay appearance. The color tends to be lighter with less black agouti or overlay on the dog's underside, breeching, and inner leg. White markings are also allowed on the tips of the toes and the chest, as long as the white on the chest does not extend up to the neck. A Belgian malinois may have a longer and darker hair coat then the typical malinois, but may still be referred to as a belgian malinois.
The other varieties of Belgian Shepherd are distinguished by their coats and colors: the Tervuren is the same color as the Malinois but has long hair, the wire-coated Laekenois is fawn and lacks the black mask and ears, and the Groenendael (registered as Belgian Sheepdog by the American Kennel Club) has long hair and is solid black.
Size[edit]
Males are about 61–66 cm (24–26 in), while females are about 56–61 cm (22–24 in) at the withers.[5] Female Malinois average 20–25 kg (44–55 lb); males are heavier at 25–30 kg (55–66 lb).[1]
A Malinois with a black mask.
A Malinois puppy.
A ten-week-old Belgian Malinois.
Temperament[edit]
A Malinois in the ring competing in dog agility.
Well-raised and trained Malinois are usually active, intelligent,[6][7][8] friendly,[6] protective,[7] alert and hard-working. Belgian Malinois exhibit energy levels that are among the highest of all dog breeds. A typical Malinois will have puppy-like energy until the age of three, though it is not uncommon for them to exhibit this energy level until the age of five. Many have excessively high prey drive. Some may be excessively exuberant or playful, especially when young.[6][7]
They can be destructive or develop neurotic behaviors if not provided enough stimulation and exercise. This often causes problems for owners who are unfamiliar with the breed and are not prepared to provide the exercise they require or a job for them to do. They are medium-sized, strong dogs that require consistent obedience training, and enjoy being challenged with new tasks. They are known to be very easy to train, due to their high drive for rewards.[6][7]
Working dog[edit]
A Belgian Malinois working with US Naval Security.
In Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and other European countries, as well as in the United States, Canada, Australia and Hong Kong, the Malinois is bred primarily as a working dog for personal protection, detection, police work, search and rescue, and sport work like Schutzhund. The United States Secret Service and Royal Australian Air Force[9] use the breed along with other working lines such as Dutch Shepherd, and also GSD.[10][11][12] In the United States Armed Forces, German shepherds lead the way, but close behind follows the Belgian Malinois.[13]
In India, The ITBP and National Security Guard (NSG) commando unit have inducted Malinois breed into its K-9 unit.[14] Rocket is a Belgian Malinois raised in India's National Security Guard's K-9 unit. As an expert assault and sniffer dog, he was recommended for the gallantry award in 2016, for detecting fidayeen presence in Pathankot airbase attack. During the operation, he received burn injuries on his paws and forehead. However, after treatment for weeks, he was back on duty.[15]
Malinois dogs are used by the Oketz, the K-9 unit of the Israel Defense Forces. Malinois are a suitable size to be picked up by their handlers when required, while still being large enough to control human aggressors. Compared to previously used breeds (such as German Shepherds and Rottweilers), the shorter coats and fair and neutral colors of Malinois are better adapted to natural conditions and less prone to induce heatstroke.[citation needed]
United States Navy SEALs used a Belgian Malinois war dog named Karo in Operation Neptune Spear, in which Osama bin Laden was killed.[16][17][18]
On 18 November 2015, Diesel, a seven-year-old Malinois RAID assault dog employed by the French police, was killed in a shootout with suspected terrorists in the Saint-Denis area of Paris, while searching for suspects involved in the November 2015 Paris attacks.[19] The police dog was given a funeral with full honours.[20]
Activities[edit]
A U.S. Air Force Belgian Malinois atop an M2A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle in Iraq in 2007.
Malinois can compete in dog agility trials and in flyball, herding, obedience, showmanship, and tracking events, and are one of the most popular breeds used in protection sports such as the Schutzhund. In America, herding is a popular activity.
Herding instincts can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. In 2011 alone, the AKC awarded 39 new herding titles to Belgian Malinois.[21][22]
Health[edit]
The average lifespan of the Belgian Malinois is 10–12 years.[7] Notable health problems prevalent to the Malinois include cataracts,[8] epilepsy,[8][23] thyroid disease, progressive retinal atrophy, hip dysplasia,[7][8] and pannus, although these problems have been minimized[citation needed] through selective breeding.
In popular culture[edit]
Literature[edit]
Kane, the co-star of James Rollins and Grant Blackwood's Tucker Wayne series, is a Belgian Malinois.[24]
Television[edit]
The American science fiction crime drama television series Person of Interest features a Malinois named Bear as a regular cast member.[25]
Angie Tribeca
Film[edit]
The titular character of the 2015 feature film Max is a Malinois, returning from service with the US Marine Corps
It was also used in Naaigal Jaakirathai (English: Beware of Dogs), a Tamil-language Indian film
Three different Malinois played the role of "Tracker", the faithful but vicious companion of Sam, the merciless rifle-toting vigilante of Mexican film Desierto
See also[edit]
Schipperke
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Belgian Shepherd Dog" (PDF). FCI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/belgian-malinois/
Jump up ^ Contemporary English speakers refer to the city by its Dutch name, Mechelen. The city is located in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium. Belgium has three official languages.
Jump up ^ Schmidt, Michael S. (September 21, 2014). "White House May Check Tourists Blocks Away". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved September 22, 2014. At all times, there are several muzzled Belgian Malinois on the White House grounds, officials said.
Jump up ^ "Breed Standard". The Kennel Club. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Frequently Asked Questions". Belgian Shepherd Dog Club of Canada. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Frequently Asked Questions". MalinoisClub.com. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About Belgian Shepherd Dogs". Northern Belgian Shepherd Dog Club. 2004-01-01. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Military working dogs". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "The U.S. Secret Service Today". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Belgian Malinois Dog Breed". GoPetsAmerica.com. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ Melanson, Philip H. (2005). The Secret Service: the Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency. Basic Books (via Google Books). p. 189. ISBN 0-7867-1617-7. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "How 'Super Dogs' aid Navy SEALS". WKYC. May 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "NSG inducts dog breed that sniffed out Osama Bin Laden's hideout in Pakistan". October 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gallant 'Rocket', who detected fidayeen presence in Pathankot, recommended for award". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
Jump up ^ Viegas, Jennifer (2 May 2011). "A U.S. Navy Seals' Secret Weapon: Elite Dog Team". Discovery.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Brammer, Jack; Steven Thomma (7 May 2011). "Obama thanks special forces for daring bin Laden raid". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Belgian Malinois: The Dog That Took Down Osama Bin Laden?". Huffington Post. May 5, 2011. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Counter-terrorism police dog Diesel died in Saint-Denis operation", The Irish Times (18 November 2015).
Jump up ^ "Police dog killed in shoot out with terror suspects was due to retire". Mail Online. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
Jump up ^ "Events: Annual Statistics" (PDF). AKC.org. 2011.
Jump up ^ Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5.
Jump up ^ "Health and Temperament". The Belgian Shepherd Dog Club of Canada. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ Rollins, James & Blackwood, Grant (2014). The Kill Switch. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Bear – Person of Interest (TV Series)". Dog Actors. 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy, and Taylor, Ty (2010). Stockdog Savvy. Alpine Publications. ISBN 978-1-57779-106-5. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Kaldenbach, Jan (June 15, 1997). The Malinois (1st (paperback) ed.). Detselig Enterprises. ISBN 1-55059-151-7.
Linzy, Jan (October 2003). Belgian Malinois Champions, 1996–2002. Camino E E & Book Co. ISBN 1-55893-126-0.
Pollet, Robert (September 1, 2005). Belgian Malinois. Kennel Club Books. ISBN 1-59378-650-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Belgian Shepherd Malinois.
Malinois dog at DMOZ
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text:
Tropic of Cancer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the circle of latitude. For other uses, see Tropic of Cancer (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 23°26′14″N 0°0′0″W / 23.43722°N -0.00000°E / 23.43722; -0.00000 (Prime Meridian)
World map showing the Tropic of Cancer
Carretera 83 (Vía Corta) Zaragoza-Victoria, km 27+800. Of all crossings of the Tropic of Cancer with Mexican federal highways, this is the only place where the latitude is marked with precision and where the annual drift between the years 2005 and 2010 can be appreciated.
The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.[1] It is currently 23°26′12.8″ (or 23.43688°) north of the Equator.
Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun can be directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn. These tropics are two of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of Earth; the others being the Arctic and Antarctic Circles and the Equator. The positions of these two circles of latitude (relative to the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Circumnavigation
5 Gallery
6 References
7 External links
8 See also
Name[edit]
When this line of latitude was named some 2,000 years ago, the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (Latin for crab) at the June solstice, the time each year that the Sun reaches its zenith at this latitude. Due to the precession of the equinoxes, this is no longer the case; today the Sun is in Taurus at the June solstice. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek "trope (τροπή)", meaning turn (change of direction, or circumstances), inclination, referring to the fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
Geography[edit]
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap · Google Maps
Download coordinates as: KML · GPX
The Tropic of Cancer's position is not fixed, but varies in a complicated manner over time. Currently, it gradually drifts south almost half an arcsecond (0.468″) of latitude, or 15 metres, per year (it was at exactly 23° 27′ in 1917 and will be at 23° 26' in 2045).[2] See axial tilt and circles of latitude for further information.
North of the tropic are the subtropics and the North Temperate Zone. The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the Tropic of Capricorn, and the region between the two, centered on the Equator, is the tropics.
Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastward, the Tropic of Cancer passes through 16 countries:
Co-ordinates
Country, territory or sea
Notes
23°26′N 0°0′E / 23.433°N 0.000°E / 23.433; 0.000 (Prime Meridian)
Algeria
23°26′N 11°51′E / 23.433°N 11.850°E / 23.433; 11.850 (Niger)
Niger
23°26′N 12°17′E / 23.433°N 12.283°E / 23.433; 12.283 (Libya)
Libya
The Tropic touches on the northernmost point of Chad at 23°26′N 15°59′E / 23.433°N 15.983°E / 23.433; 15.983 (Northernmost point of Chad)
23°26′N 25°0′E / 23.433°N 25.000°E / 23.433; 25.000 (Egypt)
Egypt
The Tropic passes through Lake Nasser
23°26′N 35°30′E / 23.433°N 35.500°E / 23.433; 35.500 (Red Sea)
Red Sea
23°26′N 38°38′E / 23.433°N 38.633°E / 23.433; 38.633 (Saudi Arabia)
Saudi Arabia
23°26′N 52°10′E / 23.433°N 52.167°E / 23.433; 52.167 (United Arab Emirates)
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi emirate only
23°26′N 55°24′E / 23.433°N 55.400°E / 23.433; 55.400 (Oman)
Oman
23°26′N 58°46′E / 23.433°N 58.767°E / 23.433; 58.767 (Indian Ocean)
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
23°26′N 68°23′E / 23.433°N 68.383°E / 23.433; 68.383 (India)
India
States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal
23°26′N 88°47′E / 23.433°N 88.783°E / 23.433; 88.783 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Khulna, Dhaka, and Chittagong Divisions
23°26′N 91°14′E / 23.433°N 91.233°E / 23.433; 91.233 (India)
India
State of Tripura
23°26′N 91°56′E / 23.433°N 91.933°E / 23.433; 91.933 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
23°26′N 92°19′E / 23.433°N 92.317°E / 23.433; 92.317 (India)
India
State of Mizoram
23°26′N 93°23′E / 23.433°N 93.383°E / 23.433; 93.383 (Myanmar)
Myanmar
Chin State, Sagaing Division, Mandalay Division, Shan State
23°26′N 98°54′E / 23.433°N 98.900°E / 23.433; 98.900 (China)
China
Provinces of Yunnan (passing about 7 km north of the border with Vietnam), Guangxi, and Guangdong
23°26′N 117°8′E / 23.433°N 117.133°E / 23.433; 117.133 (Taiwan Strait)
Taiwan Strait
23°26′N 120°8′E / 23.433°N 120.133°E / 23.433; 120.133 (Taiwan)
Taiwan
Chiayi County, Hualien County
23°26′N 121°29′E / 23.433°N 121.483°E / 23.433; 121.483 (Philippine Sea)
Philippine Sea
23°26′N 142°00′E / 23.433°N 142.000°E / 23.433; 142.000 (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific Ocean
Passing just south of Necker Island, Hawaii, United States
23°26′N 110°15′W / 23.433°N 110.250°W / 23.433; -110.250 (Mexico)
Mexico
State of Baja California Sur
23°26′N 109°24′W / 23.433°N 109.400°W / 23.433; -109.400 (Gulf of California)
Gulf of California
23°26′N 106°35′W / 23.433°N 106.583°W / 23.433; -106.583 (Mexico)
Mexico
States of Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas
23°26′N 97°45′W / 23.433°N 97.750°W / 23.433; -97.750 (Gulf of Mexico)
Gulf of Mexico
23°26′N 83°0′W / 23.433°N 83.000°W / 23.433; -83.000 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
Passing through the Straits of Florida and the Nicholas Channel
Passing just south of the Anguilla Cays ( Bahamas)
Passing through the Santaren Channel and into the open ocean
23°26′N 76°0′W / 23.433°N 76.000°W / 23.433; -76.000 (Bahamas)
Bahamas
Exuma Islands and Long Island
23°26′N 75°10′W / 23.433°N 75.167°W / 23.433; -75.167 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
23°26′N 15°57′W / 23.433°N 15.950°W / 23.433; -15.950 (Western Sahara)
Western Sahara
Claimed by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
23°26′N 12°0′W / 23.433°N 12.000°W / 23.433; -12.000 (Mauritania)
Mauritania
23°26′N 6°23′W / 23.433°N 6.383°W / 23.433; -6.383 (Mali)
Mali
23°26′N 2°23′W / 23.433°N 2.383°W / 23.433; -2.383 (Algeria)
Algeria
Climate[edit]
Relationship between Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles
Excluding cooler highland regions in China, the climate at the Tropic of Cancer is generally hot and dry except for easterly coastal areas where orographic rainfall can be very heavy, in some places reaching 4 metres (160 in). Most regions on the Tropic of Cancer experience two distinct seasons: an extremely hot summer with temperatures often reaching 45 °C (113 °F) and a warm winter with maxima around 22 °C (72 °F). Much land on or near the Tropic of Cancer is part of the Sahara Desert, while to the east the climate is torrid monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September and very little rainfall for the rest of the year.
The highest mountain on or adjacent to the Tropic of Cancer is Yushan in Taiwan; though it had glaciers descending as low as 2,800 metres (9,190 ft) during the Last Glacial Maximum, none survive and at present no glaciers exist within 470 kilometres (290 mi) of the Tropic of Cancer; the nearest currently surviving are the Minyong and Baishui in the Himalayas to the north and on Iztaccíhuatl to the south.
Circumnavigation[edit]
According to the rules of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, for a flight to compete for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians, and end on the same airfield where it started.
Length of the Tropic on 11 December 2015, at 23°26′14″N is 36,788 kilometres (22,859 mi).[3]
For an ordinary circumnavigation the rules are somewhat relaxed and the distance is set to a rounded value of at least 36,770 kilometres (22,850 mi).
Gallery[edit]
Road sign south of Dakhla, Western Sahara marking the Tropic of Cancer. The sign was placed by Budapest-Bamako rally participants; thus, the inscription is in English and Hungarian.
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer a few miles from Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer in Madhya Pradesh, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer on National Highway 34 in Nadia District, West Bengal, India
Tropic of Cancer mark in Ruisui Township, Hualien County, Taiwan
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "PHP Science Labs". Retrieved 2014-01-01.
Jump up ^ Montana State University: Milankovitch Cycles & Glaciation Archived August 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ RhumbSolve online rhumb line calculator.
External links[edit]
Look up tropic of cancer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Article on the Tropic of Cancer in Oman
Temporal Epoch Calculations
Useful constants See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
See also[edit]
Geography portal
Atlas portal
Africa portal
Arab world portal
South Asia portal
China portal
Mexico portal
Circle of latitude
Arctic Circle
24th parallel north
23rd parallel north
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Axial tilt
Milankovitch cycles
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