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Budapest
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This article is about the capital of Hungary. For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation).
Budapest
City
Capital City of Hungary
Budapest főváros

From top, left to right: Hungarian Parliament, Fisherman's Bastion, Liberty Statue on Gellért Hill, Heroes' Square in City Park, National Theatre, St. Stephen's Basilica and the City centre with Széchenyi Chain Bridge by night

Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Heart of Europe, Queen of the Danube, Capital of Freedom, Capital of Spas and Thermal Baths, Capital of Festivals
Budapest
Budapest
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Budapest location within Europe and within Hungary
Coordinates: 47°29′33″N 19°03′05″E / 47.49250°N 19.05139°E / 47.49250; 19.05139Coordinates: 47°29′33″N 19°03′05″E / 47.49250°N 19.05139°E / 47.49250; 19.05139
Country
Hungary
Region
Central Hungary
Unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda
17 November 1873
Boroughs
23 Districts[show]
I., Várkerület
II., Rózsadomb
III., Óbuda-Békásmegyer
IV., Újpest
V., Belváros-Lipótváros
VI., Terézváros
VII., Erzsébetváros
VIII., Józsefváros
IX., Ferencváros
X., Kőbánya
XI., Újbuda
XII., Hegyvidék
XIII., Angyalföld
XIV., Zugló
XV., Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota
XVI., Sashalom
XVII., Rákosmente
XVIII., Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre
XIX., Kispest
XX., Pesterzsébet
XXI., Csepel
XXII., Budafok-Tétény
XXIII., Soroksár
Government[2]
• Type
Mayor – Council
• Body
General Assembly of Budapest
• Mayor
István Tarlós (Independent, supported by Fidesz)
Area[3]
• City
525.2 km2 (202.8 sq mi)
• Urban
2,538 km2 (980 sq mi)
• Metro
7,626 km2 (2,944 sq mi)
Elevation[5]
Lowest (Danube) 96 metres (315 feet)
Highest (János hill) 527 m (315 to 1,729 ft)
Population (2016)[6][7]
• City
1,759,407[1]
• Rank
1st (9th in EU)
• Density
3,351/km2 (8,680/sq mi)
• Urban
2,927,944[4]
• Metro
3,303,786
Demonym(s)
Budapester, budapesti (Hungarian)
GDP/GVA PPP (2016)
• Total
$113.1 billion / €103.8 billion[8][9]
• Per capita
$64,283 / €58,975[10]
GDP/GVA PPP (Metro) (2016)
• Total
$141 billion / €129.4 billion
• Per capita
$42,678 / €39,169
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code(s)
1011–1239
Area code
1
ISO 3166 code
HU-BU
NUTS code
HU101
Website
BudapestInfo Official
Government Official
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Criteria
Cultural: ii, iv
Reference
400
Inscription
1987 (11th Session)
Extensions
2002
Area
473.3 ha
Buffer zone
493.8 ha
Budapest (Hungarian: [ˈbudɒpɛʃt] ( listen))[11] is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.[12][13][14] With an estimated 2016 population of 1,759,407 distributed over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles), Budapest is also one of the most densely populated major cities in the EU.[1][15] Budapest is both a city and county, and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,303,786, comprising 33 percent of the population of Hungary.[16][17] The Budapest metropolitan area had a GDP of $141.0 billion (€129.4 billion) in 2016, accounting for 49.6 percent of the GDP of Hungary.[18][9] GDP per capita in the city is $64,283, which means 148% of the EU average measured on purchasing power parity.[10] Thereby the city is among the top 100 GDP performing cities in the world[19] and making it one of the largest regional economies in the European Union.[20]
Budapest is a leading global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment.[21][22] It is a leading R&D and financial centre[23] and the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index,[24][25][26] as well ranked as the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe.[27] The city is home to the 2nd largest stock exchange by market capitalization in Central and Eastern Europe, the Budapest Stock Exchange and its business district hosts the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and companies.[28][29][30] Budapest is host to many major international organization's regional offices, including the United Nations and ICDT,[31] furthermore it is the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology,[32] the European Police College[33] and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency.[34] Over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Semmelweis University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics, which have been ranked among the top 500 in the world.[35][36] Opened in 1896,[37] the city's subway system, the Budapest Metro, serves 1.27 million, while the Budapest Tram Network serves 1.08 million passengers daily.[38] Budapest ranked as the most liveable Central and Eastern European city on EIU's quality of life index.[39][40][41]
The history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement[42][43] that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia.[42] Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century.[44] Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241.[45] The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century.[46][47] Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule,[48] the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank with Pest on the east bank on November 17, 1873.[15][49] Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,[50] a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Battle of Budapest in 1945, and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.[51][52]
Budapest is cited as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe,[12][53][54] ranked as "the world's second best city" by Condé Nast Traveler,[55] and "Europe's 7th most idyllic place to live" by Forbes.[56] Among Budapest's important museums and cultural institutions, the most visited art museum is the Museum of Fine Arts, which is noted for one of the largest collections of all periods of European art and comprises more than 100,000 pieces.[57][58] Further famous cultural institutions are the Hungarian National Museum, House of Terror, Franz Liszt Academy of Music, Hungarian State Opera House and National Széchényi Library. The central area of the city along the Danube River is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has many notable monuments, including the Hungarian Parliament, Buda Castle, Fisherman's Bastion, Gresham Palace, Széchenyi Chain Bridge, Matthias Church and the Liberty Statue.[59] Another famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. Stephen's Basilica, Heroes' Square, the Great Market Hall, the Nyugati Railway Station built by the Eiffel Company of Paris in 1877 and the second-oldest metro line in the world, the Millennium Underground Railway.[53] The city also has around 80 geothermal springs,[60] the largest thermal water cave system,[61] second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building in the world.[62] Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world and the 6th in Europe.[63]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Early history
2.2 Contemporary history after Unification
3 Geography
3.1 Topography
3.2 Climate
3.3 Architecture
3.4 Districts
4 Demographics
5 Economy
5.1 Finance and corporate location
6 Politics and government
6.1 City governance
7 Main sights and tourism
7.1 Parks and gardens
7.2 Islands
7.3 Spas
8 Infrastructure and transportation
8.1 Airport
8.2 Public transportation
8.2.1 Bus
8.3 Roads and railways
8.4 Ports, shipping and others
9 Culture and contemporary life
9.1 Museums and galleries
9.2 Libraries
9.3 Opera and theatres
9.4 Performing arts and festivals
9.5 Fashion
9.6 Media
9.7 Cuisine
9.8 In fiction
10 Sports
11 Education
12 Notable people
13 International relations
13.1 Historic sister cities
13.2 Partnerships around the world
14 Gallery
15 See also
16 References
16.1 Bibliography
16.2 Notes
17 External links
Etymology[edit]
"Budapest", famously, is the combination of the cities Buda and Pest, which, together with Óbuda, united in 1873.[64] An early documented occurrence of the combined name “Buda-Pest” was in the 1831 book Világ (World/Light) by Count István Széchenyi.[65]
The origins of the names "Buda" and "Pest" are obscure. The first name probably comes from a Slavic personal name, Buda, the short form of Budimír, Budivoj.[66] An alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, or water, a translation of the Latin name for the main Roman settlement in the region, Aquincum.[67] According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the Middle Ages, Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of Hunnic ruler Attila.
There are several theories about Pest. One[68] states that the name derives from Roman times, since there was a local fortress (Contra-Aquincum) called by Ptolemaios "Pession" ("Πέσσιον", iii.7.§ 2).[69] Another has it that Pest originates in the Slavic word for cave, пещера, or peștera. A third cites пещ, or peșt, referencing a cave where fires burned or a limekiln.[70]
History[edit]
Main articles: History of Budapest and Timeline of Budapest
Early history[edit]
Buda during the Middle Ages, woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493)
The first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts[42] before 1 AD. It was later occupied by the Romans. The Roman settlement – Aquincum – became the main city of Pannonia Inferior in 106 AD.[42] At first it was a military settlement, and gradually the city rose around it, making it the focal point of the city's commercial life. Today this area corresponds to the Óbuda district within Budapest.[71] The Romans constructed roads, amphitheaters, baths and houses with heated floors in this fortified military camp.[72] The Roman city of Aquincum is the best-conserved of the Roman sites in Hungary. The archaeological site was turned into a museum with inside and open-air sections.[73]
The Magyar tribes led by Árpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest,[44][74] and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary.[44] Research places the probable residence of the Árpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest.[75] The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved that it is difficult to mount a defence on a plain.[15][44] King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns[44] and set his own royal palace[45] on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361[45] it became the capital of Hungary.[15]
The cultural role of Buda was particularly significant during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus. The Italian Renaissance had a great influence on the city. His library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana, was Europe's greatest collection of historical chronicles and philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second only in size to the Vatican Library.[15] After the foundation of the first Hungarian university in Pécs in 1367 (University of Pécs), the second one was established in Óbuda in 1395 (University of Óbuda).[76] The first Hungarian book was printed in Buda in 1473.[77] Buda had about 5,000 inhabitants around 1500.[78]
Retaking of Buda from the Ottoman Empire, 1686 (19th-century painting)
The Ottomans conquered Buda in 1526, as well in 1529, and finally occupied it in 1541.[79] The Turkish Rule lasted for more than 140 years.[15] The Turks Ottomans constructed many prominent bathing facilities within the city.[44] Some of the baths that the Turks erected during their rule are still in use 500 years later (Rudas Baths and Király Baths). By 1547 the number of Christians was down to about a thousand, and by 1647 it had fallen to only about seventy.[78] The unoccupied western part of the country became part of the Habsburg Empire as Royal Hungary.
In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed campaign was started to enter the Hungarian capital. This time, the Holy League's army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German, Croat, Dutch, Hungarian, English, Spanish, Czech, Italian, French, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers. The Christian forces seized Buda, and in the next few years, all of the former Hungarian lands, except areas near Timișoara (Temesvár), were taken from the Turks. In the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz, these territorial changes were officially recognized to show the end of the rule of the Turks, and in 1718 the entire Kingdom of Hungary was removed from Ottoman rule.
Contemporary history after Unification[edit]
See also: Hungary during World War II
The Hungarian State Opera House, built in the time of Austria-Hungary
Millennium Underground (1894–1896), the second oldest metro in the world (after the Metropolitan line of the London Underground)
Bond of the City of Budapest, issued 1. Mai 1911
The 19th century was dominated by the Hungarian struggle for independence[15] and modernisation. The national insurrection against the Habsburgs began in the Hungarian capital in 1848 and was defeated one and a half years later, with the help of the Russian Empire. 1867 was the year of Reconciliation that brought about the birth of Austria-Hungary. This made Budapest the twin capital of a dual monarchy. It was this compromise which opened the second great phase of development in the history of Budapest, lasting until World War I. In 1849 the Chain Bridge linking Buda with Pest was opened as the first permanent bridge across the Danube[80] and in 1873 Buda and Pest were officially merged with the third part, Óbuda (Old Buda), thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into the country's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Ethnic Hungarians overtook Germans in the second half of the 19th century due to mass migration from the overpopulated rural Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain. Between 1851 and 1910 the proportion of Hungarians increased from 35.6% to 85.9%, Hungarian became the dominant language, and German was crowded out. The proportion of Jews peaked in 1900 with 23.6%.[81][82][83] Due to the prosperity and the large Jewish community of the city at the start of the 20th century, Budapest was often called the "Jewish Mecca"[84] or "Judapest".[85][86] In 1918, Austria-Hungary lost the war and collapsed; Hungary declared itself an independent republic (Republic of Hungary). In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon partitioned the country, and as a result, Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory, and about two-thirds of its inhabitants, including 3.3 million out of 15 million ethnic Hungarians.[87][88]
In 1944, about one year before the end of World War II, Budapest was partly destroyed by British and American air raids (first attack 4 April 1944[89][90][91]). From 24 December 1944 to 13 February 1945, the city was besieged during the Battle of Budapest. Budapest suffered major damage caused by the attacking Soviet and Romanian troops and the defending German and Hungarian troops. More than 38,000 civilians lost their lives during the conflict. All bridges were destroyed by the Germans. The stone lions that have decorated the Chain Bridge since 1852 survived the devastation of the war.[92]
Between 20% and 40% of Greater Budapest's 250,000 Jewish inhabitants died through Nazi and Arrow Cross Party, during the German occupation of Hungary, from 1944 to early 1945.[93]
Swiss diplomat Carl Lutz rescued tens of thousands of Jews by issuing Swiss protection papers and designating numerous buildings, including the now famous Glass House (Üvegház) at Vadász Street 29, to be Swiss protected territory. About 3,000 Hungarian Jews found refuge at the Glass House and in a neighboring building. Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg managed to save the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest by giving them Swedish protection papers and taking them under his consular protection.[94] Wallenberg was abducted by the Russians on 17 January 1945 and never regained freedom. Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian citizen, saved thousands of Hungarian Jews posing as a Spanish diplomat.[95][96] Some other diplomats also abandoned diplomatic protocol and rescued Jews. There are two monuments for Wallenberg, one for Carl Lutz and one for Giorgio Perlasca in Budapest.
Following the liberation of Hungary from Nazi Germany by the Red Army, Soviet military occupation ensued, which ended only in 1991. The Soviets exerted significant influence on Hungarian political affairs. In 1949, Hungary was declared a communist People's Republic (People's Republic of Hungary). The new Communist government considered the buildings like the Buda Castle symbols of the former regime, and during the 1950s the palace was gutted and all the interiors were destroyed (also see Stalin era). On 23 October 1956 citizens held a large peaceful demonstration in Budapest demanding democratic reform. The demonstrators went to the Budapest radio station and demanded to publish their demands. The regime ordered troops to shoot into the crowd. Hungarian soldiers gave rifles to the demonstrators who were now able to capture the building. This initiated the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The demonstrators demanded to appoint Imre Nagy to be Prime Minister of Hungary. To their surprise, the central committee of the "Hungarian Working People's Party" did so that same evening. This uprising was an anti-Soviet revolt that lasted from 23 October until 11 November. After Nagy had declared that Hungary was to leave the Warsaw Pact and become neutral, Soviet tanks and troops entered the country to crush the revolt. Fighting continued until mid November, leaving more than 3000 dead. A monument was erected at the fiftieth anniversary of the revolt in 2006, at the edge of the City Park. Its shape is a wedge with a 56 angle degree made in rusted iron that gradually becomes shiny, ending in an intersection to symbolize Hungarian forces that temporarily eradicated the Communist leadership.[97]
From the 1960s to the late 1980s Hungary was often satirically referred to as "the happiest barrack" within the Eastern bloc, and much of the wartime damage to the city was finally repaired. Work on Erzsébet Bridge, the last to be rebuilt, was finished in 1964. In the early 1970s, Budapest Metro's East-West M2 line was first opened, followed by the M3 line in 1976. In 1987, Buda Castle and the banks of the Danube were included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Andrássy Avenue (including the Millennium Underground Railway, Hősök tere, and Városliget) was added to the UNESCO list in 2002. In the 1980s, the city's population reached 2.1 million. In recent times a significant decrease in population occurred mainly due to a massive movement to the neighbouring agglomeration in Pest county, i.e., suburbanisation.[98]
In the last decades of the 20th century the political changes of 1989–90 (Fall of the Iron Curtain) concealed changes in civil society and along the streets of Budapest. The monuments of the dictatorship were removed from public places, into Memento Park. In the first 20 years of the new democracy, the development of the city was managed by its mayor, Gábor Demszky.[99]
Geography[edit]
Topography[edit]
Satellite imagery illustrating the core of the Budapest Metropolitan Area
Budapest, strategically placed at the centre of the Carpathian Basin, lies on an ancient route linking the hills of Transdanubia with the Great Plain. By road it is 216 kilometres (134 mi) south-east of Vienna, 545 kilometres (339 mi) south of Warsaw, 1,565 kilometres (972 mi) south-west of Moscow, 1,122 kilometres (697 mi) north of Athens, 788 kilometres (490 mi) north-east of Milan, and 443 kilometres (275 mi) south-east of Prague.[100]
The 525 square kilometres (203 sq mi) area of Budapest lies in Central Hungary, surrounded by settlements of the agglomeration in Pest county. The capital extends 25 and 29 km (16 and 18 mi) in the north-south, east-west direction respectively. The Danube enters the city from the north; later it encircles two islands, Óbuda Island and Margaret Island.[15] The third island Csepel Island is the largest of the Budapest Danube islands, however only its northernmost tip is within city limits. The river that separates the two parts of the city is 230 m (755 ft) wide at its narrowest point in Budapest. Pest lies on the flat terrain of the Great Plain while Buda is rather hilly.[15]
The wide Danube was always fordable at this point because of a small number of islands in the middle of the river. The city has marked topographical contrasts: Buda is built on the higher river terraces and hills of the western side, while the considerably larger Pest spreads out on a flat and featureless sand plain on the river's opposite bank.[101] Pest's terrain rises with a slight eastward gradient, so the easternmost parts of the city lie at the same altitude as Buda's smallest hills, notably Gellért Hill and Castle Hill.[102]
The Buda hills consist mainly of limestone and dolomite, the water created speleothems, the most famous ones being the Pálvölgyi cave (total length 7,200 m or 23,600 ft) and the Szemlőhegyi cave (total length 2,200 m or 7,200 ft). The hills were formed in the Triassic Period. The highest point of the hills and of Budapest is János hill, at 527 metres (1,729 feet) above sea level. The lowest point is the line of the Danube which is 96 metres (315 feet) above sea level. Budapest is also rich in green areas. Of the 525 square kilometres (203 square miles) occupied by the city, 83 square kilometres (32 square miles) is green area, park and forest.[103] The forests of Buda hills are environmentally protected.[104]
The city's importance in terms of traffic is very central, because all major European roads and European railway lines lead to Budapest.[105] The Danube was and is still an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of trade routes.[106] Budapest is one of only two capital cities in the world which has thermal springs (the other being Reykjavík in Iceland). Some 125 springs produce 70 million litres (15,000,000 imperial gallons; 18,000,000 US gallons) of thermal water a day, with temperatures ranging up to 58 Celsius. Some of these waters have medicinal effects due to their medically valuable mineral contents.[105]
Climate[edit]
Main article: Climate of Budapest
Budapest has a humid continental climate (Köppen Cfb), with relatively cold winters and warm summers.[107] Winter (November until early March) can be cold and the city receives little sunshine. Snowfall is fairly frequent in most years, and nighttime temperatures of −10 °C (14 °F) are not uncommon between mid-December and mid-February. The spring months (March and April) see variable conditions, with a rapid increase in the average temperature. The weather in late March and April is often very agreeable during the day and fresh at night. Budapest's long summer – lasting from May until mid-September – is warm or very warm. Budapest has as much summer sunshine as many Mediterranean resorts. Sudden heavy showers also occur, particularly in May and June. The autumn in Budapest (mid-September until late October) is characterised by little rain and long sunny days with moderate temperatures. Temperatures often turn abruptly colder in late October.
Mean annual precipitation in Budapest is around 23.5 inches (596.9 mm). On average, there are 84 days with precipitation and 1988 hours of sunshine (of a possible 4383) each year.[3][108][109]
The city lies on the boundary between Zone 6 and Zone 7 in terms of the hardiness zone.[110][111]
[hide]Climate data for Budapest, 1971–2000
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
18.1
(64.6) 19.7
(67.5) 25.4
(77.7) 30.2
(86.4) 34.0
(93.2) 39.5
(103.1) 40.7
(105.3) 39.4
(102.9) 35.2
(95.4) 30.8
(87.4) 22.6
(72.7) 19.3
(66.7) 40.7
(105.3)
Average high °C (°F)
2.9
(37.2) 5.5
(41.9) 10.6
(51.1) 16.4
(61.5) 21.9
(71.4) 24.6
(76.3) 26.7
(80.1) 26.6
(79.9) 21.6
(70.9) 15.4
(59.7) 7.7
(45.9) 4.0
(39.2) 15.3
(59.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)
0.4
(32.7) 2.3
(36.1) 6.1
(43) 12.0
(53.6) 16.6
(61.9) 19.7
(67.5) 21.5
(70.7) 21.2
(70.2) 16.9
(62.4) 11.8
(53.2) 5.4
(41.7) 1.8
(35.2) 11.3
(52.3)
Average low °C (°F)
−1.6
(29.1) 0.0
(32) 3.5
(38.3) 7.6
(45.7) 12.1
(53.8) 15.1
(59.2) 16.8
(62.2) 16.5
(61.7) 12.8
(55) 7.9
(46.2) 2.9
(37.2) 0.0
(32) 7.8
(46)
Record low °C (°F)
−25.6
(−14.1) −23.4
(−10.1) −15.1
(4.8) −4.6
(23.7) −1.6
(29.1) 3.0
(37.4) 5.9
(42.6) 5.0
(41) −3.1
(26.4) −9.5
(14.9) −16.4
(2.5) −20.8
(−5.4) −25.6
(−14.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
37
(1.46) 29
(1.14) 30
(1.18) 42
(1.65) 62
(2.44) 63
(2.48) 45
(1.77) 49
(1.93) 40
(1.57) 39
(1.54) 53
(2.09) 43
(1.69) 532
(20.94)
Average precipitation days
7.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 8.6 8.7 7.2 6.9 5.9 5.3 7.8 7.2 84
Average relative humidity (%)
79 74 66 59 61 61 59 61 67 72 78 80 68.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours
62 93 137 177 234 250 271 255 187 141 69 52 1,988
Source: Hungarian Meteorological Service[112]
Architecture[edit]
See also: Category:Buildings and structures in Budapest
Buda Castle at night viewed from Danube Promenade
The ruins of the civil town of Aquincum and the Museum in Budapest
Budapest has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the ancient times as Roman City of Aquincum in Óbuda (District III), which dates to around 89 AD, to the most modern Palace of Arts, the contemporary arts museum and concert hall.[113][114][115]
Most buildings in Budapest are relatively low: in the early 2010s there were around 100 buildings higher than 45 metres (148 ft). The number of high-rise buildings is kept low by building legislation, which is aimed at preserving the historic cityscape and to meet the requirements of the World Heritage Site. Strong rules apply to the planning, authorisation and construction of high-rise buildings and consequently much of the inner city does not have any. Some planners would like see an easing of the rules for the construction of skyscrapers, and the possibility of building skyscrapers outside the city's historic core has been raised.[116][117]
In the chronological order of architectural styles Budapest represents on the entire timeline. Start with the Roman City of Aquincum represents the ancient architecture.
Matthias Church in Budapest, built in Gothic and Gothic revival style
The next determinative style is the Gothic architecture in Budapest. The few remaining ones can be found in the Castle District. Buildings to look for are no. 18, 20 and 22 on Országház Street, which date back to the 14th century and No. 31 Úri Street, which has a Gothic façade that dates back to the 15th century. Another building with Gothic remains is the Inner City Parish Church in Pest, built in the 12th century.[118] The most characteristic Gothic-style buildings are actually Neo-Gothic, like the most well-known Budapest landmarks, the Hungarian Parliament Building and the Matthias Church, where much of the original material was used (originally built in Romanesque style in 1015).[citation needed]
The next chapter of the human architecture is the Renaissance architecture and one of the earliest places to be influenced by the Renaissance style of architecture was Hungary and Budapest. The style appeared following the marriage of King Matthias Corvinus and Beatrice of Naples in 1476. Many Italian artists, craftsmen and masons came to Buda with the new queen. Today, many of the original renaissance buildings disappeared during the varied history of Buda, but Budapest is still rich in renaissance and neo-renaissance buildings, like the famous Hungarian State Opera House, the St. Stephen's Basilica and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.[citation needed]
During the Turkish occupation (1541–1686), Islamic culture flourished in Budapest, multiple mosques and baths were built in the city. These were great examples of Ottoman architecture, which was influenced by Muslims from around the world not limited to Turkish, Iranian, Arabian and to a larger extent, Byzantine architecture as well as Islamic traditions. After Holy Army conquered Budapest they turned most of the mosques with Churches, Minarets were turned into bell towers and cathedral spires. At one point in time distinct sloping central square in Budapest became an bustling Oriental bazaar, which was filled with “the chatter of camel caravans on their way to Yemen and India”.[119] Budapest is in fact one of the few places in the world with functioning original Turkish bathhouses dating back to the 16th century, like Rudas Baths or Király Baths. Another little known fact is that Budapest is home to the northernmost place where a Tomb of an influential Islamic Turkish Sufi Dervish, the Tomb of Gül Baba, a dervis could be found. Various cultures converged in Hungary seemed to coalesce well with each other, as if all these different cultures and architecture styles are digested into Hungary’s own way of cultural blend. A precedent to show the city’s self-conscious is the top section of the city’s main square, currently named as Szechenyi. In medieval time. When Turks came to the city, they built Mosque here which was aggressively replaced with Gothic church of St. Bertalan. The rationale of reusing the base of the former Islamic building mosque and reconstruction into Gothic Church but Islamic style architecture over it is typically Islamic are still visible. An official term for the rationale is spolia. The mosque was called the djami of Pasha Gazi Kassim, and djami means mosque in Arabic. After Turks and Muslims were expelled and massacred from Budapest, the site was reoccupied by Christians and reformed into a church, the Inner City Parish Church. The minaret and Turkish entranceway were removed. The shape of the architecture is its only hint of exotic past—“two surviving prayer niches facing Mecca and an ecumenical symbol atop its cupola: a cross rising above the Turkish crescent moon”.
University Church (Egyetemi templom), a well-preserved example of Baroque architecture in Budapest
The most famous Budapest bridge, the Chain Bridge, the icon of the city's 19th century development, built in 1849.[citation needed]
After 1686, the Baroque architecture designated the dominant style of art in catholic countries from the 17th century to the 18th century.[citation needed] There are many Baroque-style buildings in Budapest and one of the finest examples of original Baroque-style architecture is the Church of St. Anna in Batthyhány square. An interesting part of Budapest is the less touristy Óbuda, the main square of which also has some beautiful historic buildings with original Baroque façades. The Castle District is another place to visit where the best-known landmark Buda Royal Palace and many other buildings were built in the Baroque style.[citation needed]
The Classical architecture and Neoclassical architecture are the next in the timeline. Budapest had not one but two architects that were masters of the Classicist style. Mihály Pollack (1773–1855) and József Hild (1789–1867), built many beautiful Classicist-style buildings in the city. Some of the best examples are the Hungarian National Museum, the Lutheran Church of Budavár (both designed by Pollack) and the seat of the Hungarian president, the Sándor Palace. The most iconic and widely known Classicist-style attraction in Budapest is the Chain Bridge. Budapest's two most beautiful Romantic architecture buildings are the Great Synagogue in Dohány Street and the Vigadó Concert Hall on the Danube Promenade, both designed by architect Frigyes Feszl (1821–1884). Another noteworthy structure is the Budapest Western Railway Station, which was designed by August de Serres and built by the Eiffel Company of Paris in 1877.[citation needed]
The Hungarian Parliament, completed in 1904.[citation needed]
Art Nouveau came into fashion in Budapest by the exhibitions which were held in and around 1896 and organised in connection with the Hungarian Millennium celebrations.[120] Art Nouveau in Hungary (Szecesszió in Hungarian) is a blend of several architectural styles, with a focus on Hungary's specialities. One of the leading Art Nouveau architects, Ödön Lechner (1845–1914), was inspired by Indian and Syrian architecture as well as traditional Hungarian decorative designs. One of his most beautiful buildings in Budapest is the Museum of Applied Arts. Another examples for Art Nouveau in Budapest is the Gresham Palace in front of the Chain Bridge, the Hotel Gellért, the Franz Liszt Academy of Music or Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden.[113]
The second half of the 20th century also saw, under the communist regime, the construction of blocks of flats (panelház), as in other Eastern European countries. In the 21st century, Budapest faces new challenges in its architecture. The pressure towards the high-rise buildings is unequivocal among today's world cities, but preserving Budapest's unique cityscape and its very diverse architecture, along with green areas, is force Budapest to balance between them. The Contemporary architecture has wide margin in the city. Public spaces attract heavy investment by business and government also, so that the city has gained entirely new (or renovated and redesigned) squares, parks and monuments, for example the city central Kossuth Lajos square, Deák Ferenc square and Liberty Square. Budapest's current urban landscape is one of the modern and contemporary architecture. Numerous landmarks are created in the last decade in Budapest, like the National Theatre, Palace of Arts, Rákóczi Bridge, Megyeri Bridge, Budapest Airport Sky Court among others, and millions of square meters of new office buildings and apartments. But there are still large opportunities in real estate development in the city.[121][122][123]
Districts[edit]
Main article: List of districts in Budapest
Budapest's twenty-three districts overview
Administration Population Area and Density
District Official name Official 2013 Km2 People/km2
I Várkerület 24.528 3,41 7.233
II Rózsadomb 88.011 36,34 2.426
III Óbuda-Békásmegyer 123.889 39,69 3.117
IV Újpest 99.050 18,82 5.227
V Belváros-Lipótváros 27.342 2,59 10.534
VI Terézváros 43.377 2,38 18.226
VII Erzsébetváros 64.767 2,09 30.989
VIII Józsefváros 85.173 6,85 11.890
IX Ferencváros 63.697 12,53 4.859
X Kőbánya 81.475 32,5 2.414
XI Újbuda 145.510 33,47 4.313
XII Hegyvidék 55.776 26,67 2.109
XIII (no official name) 118.320 13,44 8.804
XIV Zugló 123.786 18,15 6.820
XV Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota 79.779 26,95 2.988
XVI (no official name) 68.235 33,52 2.037
XVII Rákosmente 78.537 54,83 1.418
XVIII Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre 94.663 38,61 2.414
XIX Kispest 62.210 9,38 6.551
XX Pesterzsébet 63.887 12,18 5.198
XXI Csepel 76.976 25,75 2.963
XXII Budafok-Tétény 51.071 34,25 1.473
XXIII Soroksár 19.982 40,78 501
City of Budapest
1.740.041 525,2 3.314,9
State of Hungary
9.937.628 93.030 107,2
Source: Eurostat,[124] HSCO[6]
Most of today's Budapest is the result of a late-nineteenth-century renovation, but the wide boulevards lain then only bordered and bisected much older quarters of activity created by centuries of Budapest's city evolution. Budapest's vast urban area is often described using a set of district names. These are either informal designations, reflect the names of villages that have been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units of former boroughs.[125] Such names have remained in use through tradition, each referring to a local area with its own distinctive character, but without official boundaries.[126] Originally Budapest had 10 districts after coming into existence upon the unification of the three cities in 1873. Since 1950, Greater Budapest has been divided into 22 boroughs (and 23 since 1994). At that time there were changes both in the order of districts and in their sizes. The city now consists of 23 districts, 6 in Buda, 16 in Pest and 1 on Csepel Island between them. The city centre itself in a broader sense comprises the District V, VI, VII, VIII, IX[127] and XIII on the Pest side, and the I, II, XI and XII on the Buda side of the city.[128]
District I is a small area in central Buda, including the historic Buda Castle. District II is in Buda again, in the northwest, and District III stretches along in the northernmost part of Buda. To reach District IV, one must cross the Danube to find it in Pest (the eastern side), also at north. With District V, another circle begins, it is located in the absolute centre of Pest. Districts VI, VII, VIII and IX are the neighbouring areas to the east, going southwards, one after the other. District X is another, more external circle also in Pest, while one must jump to the Buda side again to find Districts XI and XII, going northwards. No more districts remaining in Buda in this circle, we must turn our steps to Pest again to find Districts XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX and XX (mostly external city parts), almost regularly in a semicircle, going southwards again. District XXI is the extension of the above route over a branch of the Danube, the northern tip of a long island south from Budapest. District XXII is still on the same route in southwest Buda, and finally District XXIII is again in southernmost Pest, irregular only because it was part of District XX until 1994.[129]
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of Budapest
Budapest compared to Hungary and EU
Budapest Hungary European Union
Total Population 1,740,041 9,937,628 507,890,191
Population change, 2004 to 2014 +2.7%[130] −1.6%[130] +2.2%[131]
Population density 3,314 /km2 107 /km2 116 /km2
GDP per capita PPP 52,770 $[132] 28,965 $[133] 33,084 $[134]
Bachelor's Degree or higher 34.1%[135] 19.0%[135] 27.1%[136]
Foreign born 7.3%[137] 1.7%[138] 6.3%[139]
Largest groups of foreign residents[140]
Nationality
Population (2011)
Germany 18,278
Romania 6,189
China 4,692
Russia 3,124
Slovakia 2,581
Vietnam 2,518
Poland 2,252
Greece 2,041
Sweden 2,000
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1784[141]
57,100 —
1850
206,339 +261.4%
1870
302,086 +46.4%
1880
402,706 +33.3%
1890
560,079 +39.1%
1900
861,434 +53.8%
1910
1,110,453 +28.9%
1920
1,232,026 +10.9%
1930
1,442,869 +17.1%
1940
1,712,791 +18.7%
1950
1,590,316 −7.2%
1960
1,804,606 +13.5%
1970
1,945,083 +7.8%
1980
2,059,226 +5.9%
1990
2,016,681 −2.1%
2000
1,777,921 −11.8%
2005
1,697,343 −4.5%
2010
1,721,556 +1.4%
2017
1,752,704 +1.8%
Population 2001 to 2014[130]
Present-territory of Budapest
Budapest is the most populous city in Hungary and one of the largest cities in the European Union, with a growing number of inhabitants, estimated at 1,742,000 in 2014, whereby inward migration exceeds outward migration.[12] These trends are also seen throughout the Budapest metropolitan area, which is home to 3.3 million people.[142][143] This amounts to about 34% of Hungary's population. In 2014, the city had a population density of 3,314 people per square kilometre (8,580/sq mi), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities in Hungary. The population density of Elisabethtown-District VII is 30,989/km² (80,260/sq mi), which is the highest population density figure in Hungary and one of the highest in the world, for comparison the density in Manhattan is 25,846/km².[144]
Budapest is the fourth most "dynamically growing city" by population in Europe,[145] and the Euromonitor predicts a population increase of almost 10% between 2005 and 2030.[146] The European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion says Budapest's population will increase by 10% to 30% only due to migration by 2050.[147] A constant inflow of migrants in recent years has fuelled population growth in Budapest. Productivity gains and the relatively large economically active share of the population explain why household incomes have increased in Budapest to a greater extent than in other parts of Hungary. Higher incomes in Budapest are reflected in the lower share of expenditure the city's inhabitants allocate to necessity spending such as food and non-alcoholic drinks.[142]
At the 2011 census, there were 1,729,040 people with 906,782 households living in Budapest.[148] Some 1.6 million persons from the metropolitan area may be within Budapest's boundaries during work hours, and during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events. By ethnicity there were 1,397,851 (80.8%) Hungarians, 19,530 (1.1%) Romani, 18,278 (1.0%) Germans, 6,189 (0.4%) Romanians, 4,692 (0.3%) Chinese and 2,581 (0.1%) Slovaks. 301,943 people (17.5%) did not declare their ethnicity. In Hungary people can declare more than one ethnicity, so the sum of ethnicities is higher than the total population.[137][149] The city is home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe.[150]
According to the same census, 1,600,585 people (92.6%) were born in Hungary, 126,036 people (7.3%) outside Hungary while the birthplace of 2,419 people (0.1%) was unknown.[137] Although only 1.7% of the population of Hungary in 2009 were foreigners, 43% of them lived in Budapest, making them 4.4% of the city's population (up from 2% in 2001).[138] Nearly two-thirds of foreigners living in Hungary were under 40 years old. The primary motivation for this age group living in Hungary was employment.[138] According to the 2011 census, 1,712,153 people (99.0%) speak Hungarian, of whom 1,692,815 people (97.9%) speak it as a first language, while 19,338 people (1.1%) speak it as a second language. Other spoken (foreign) languages were: English (536,855 speakers, 31.0%), German (266,249 speakers, 15.4%), French (56,208 speakers, 3.3%) and Russian (54,613 speakers, 3.2%).[137]
Budapest is home to one of the most populous Christian communities in Central Europe, numbering 698,521 people (40.4%) in 2011.[137] According to the 2011 census, there were 501,117 (29.0%) Roman Catholics, 146,756 (8.5%) Calvinists, 30,293 (1.8%) Lutherans, 16,192 (0.9%) Greek Catholics, 7,925 (0.5%) Jews and 3,710 (0.2%) Orthodox in Budapest. 395,964 people (22.9%) were irreligious while 585,475 people (33.9%) did not declare their religion.[137] A Hungarian Central Statistical Office report showed that also, the proportion of Romani in Budapest increased from 2% in 1990 to 4.6% in 2009.[151][152]
Economy[edit]
Further information: List of companies based in Budapest and Economy of Hungary
Danube towers in Budapest's central business district, base for MetLife, IBM, Huawei, OTP Bank or Banif Financial Group
MOL Group solar powered filling station in Budapest, it is the second most valuable company in Central and Eastern Europe
Research and development centre of Gedeon Richter Plc. in Budapest
Budapest Stock Exchange landmark building, it was used for trading before the exchange moved to a modern office next to it at Liberty Square
Budapest is a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- world city in the study by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and it is the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe as GDP per capita in the city increased by 2.4 per cent and employment by 4.7 per cent compared to the previous year in 2014.[27][153] On national level, Budapest is the primate city of Hungary regarding business and economy, accounting for 39% of the national income, the city has a gross metropolitan product more than $100 billion in 2015, making it one of the largest regional economy in the European Union.[20][154] According to the Eurostat GDP per capita in purchasing power parity is 147% of the EU average in Budapest, which means €37.632 ($52.770) per capita.[132] Budapest is also among the Top100 GDP performing cities in the world, measured by PricewaterhouseCoopers.[19] The city was named as the 52nd most important business centre in the world in the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index, ahead of Beijing, Warsaw, Sao Paulo or Shenzhen and ranking 3rd (out of 65 cities) on MasterCard Emerging Markets Index.[155][156] The city is 48th on the UBS The most expensive and richest cities in the world list, standing before cities such as Prague, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur or Buenos Aires.[157] In a global city competitiveness ranking by EIU, Budapest is stands before Tel Aviv, Lisbon, Moscow and Johannesburg among others.[158]
The city is a major centre for banking and finance, real estate, retailing, trade, transportation, tourism, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, fashion and the arts in Hungary and regionally. Budapest is home not only to almost all national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies, in 2014 there are 395.804 companies registered in the city.[159] Most of these entities are headquartered in the Budapest's Central Business District, in the District V and District XIII. The retail market of the city (and the country) is also concentrated in the downtown, among others through the two largest shopping centre in Central and Eastern Europe, the 186,000 sqm WestEnd City Center and the 180,000 sqm Arena Plaza.[160][161]
Budapest has notable innovation capabilities as a technology and start-up hub, many start-ups are headquartered and begin its business in the city, for instance deserve to mention the most well-known Prezi, LogMeIn or Nav N Go. Budapest is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities' Top 100 index.[24] A good indicator of the city's potential for innovation and research also, is that the European Institute of Innovation and Technology chose Budapest for its headquarters, along with the UN, which Regional Representation for Central Europe office is in the city, responsible for UN operations in seven countries.[162] Moreover, the global aspect of the city's research activity is shown through the establishment of the European Chinese Research Institute in the city.[163] Other important sectors include also, as natural science research, information technology and medical research, non-profit institutions, and universities. The leading business schools and universities in Budapest, the Budapest Business School, the CEU Business School and Corvinus University of Budapest offers a whole range of courses in economics, finance and management in English, French, German and Hungarian.[164] The unemployment rate is far the lowest in Budapest within Hungary, it was 2.7%, besides the many thousands of employed foreign citizens.[165]
Budapest is among the 25 most visited cities in the world, the city welcoming more than 4.4 million international visitors each year,[166] therefore the traditional and the congress tourism industry also deserve a mention, it contributes greatly to the city's economy. The capital being home to many convention centre and thousands of restaurants, bars, coffee houses and party places, besides the full assortment of hotels. In restaurant offerings can be found the highest quality Michelin-starred restaurants, like Onyx, Costes, Tanti or Borkonyha. The city ranked as the most liveable city in Central and Eastern Europe on EIU's quality of life index in 2010.[167]
Finance and corporate location[edit]
Budapest Stock Exchange, key institution of the publicly offered securities in Hungary and Central and Eastern Europe is situated in Budapest's CBD at Liberty Square. BSE also trades other securities such as government bonds and derivatives such as stock options. Large Hungarian multinational corporations headquartered in Budapest are listed on BSE, for instance the Fortune Global 500 firm MOL Group, the OTP Bank, FHB Bank, Gedeon Richter Plc., Magyar Telekom, CIG Pannonia, Zwack Unicum and more.[168] Nowadays nearly all branches of industry can be found in Budapest, there is no particularly special industry in the city's economy, but the financial centre role of the city is strong, nearly 40 major banks are presented in the city,[169] also those like Bank of China, KDB Bank and Hanwha Bank, which is unique in the region.
Also support the financial industry of Budapest, the firms of international banks and financial service providers, such as Citigroup, Morgan Stanley, GE Capital, Deutsche Bank, Sberbank, ING Group, Allianz, KBC Group, UniCredit and MSCI among others. Another particularly strong industry in the capital city is biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, these are also traditionally strong in Budapest, through domestic companies, as Egis, Gedeon Richter, Chinoin and through international biotechnology corporations, like Pfizer, Teva, Novartis, Sanofi, who are also has R&D and production division here. Further high-tech industries, such as software development, engineering notable as well, the Nokia, Ericcson, Bosch, Microsoft, IBM employs thousands of engineers in research and development in the city. Game design also highly represented through headquarters of domestic Digital Reality, Black Hole and studio of Crytek or Gameloft. Beyond the above, there are regional headquarters of global firms, such as Alcoa, General Motors, GE, Exxon Mobil, British Petrol, Hudson Legal, British Telecom, Flextronics, Panasonic Corp, Huawei, Knorr-Bremse, Liberty Global, Tata Consultancy, Aegon, WizzAir, TriGránit, MVM Group, Graphisoft, there is a base for Nissan CEE, Volvo, Saab, Ford, including but not limited to.[28]
Politics and government[edit]
Main article: Politics of Hungary
United Nations conference in the assembly hall of House of Magnates
The original and the future seat of The Curia, the highest court in Hungary
President George W. Bush meets with Hungarian President László Sólyom at Sándor Palace in Budapest.
As the capital of Hungary, Budapest is the seat of the country's national government. For the executive, the two chief officers each have their own official residences, which also serve as their offices. The President of Hungary resides at the Sándor Palace in the District I (Buda Castle District),[170] while the office of the Hungarian Prime Minister is in the Hungarian Parliament. Government ministries are all located in various parts of the city, most of them are in the District V, Leopoldtown. The National Assembly is seated in the Hungarian Parliament, which also located in the District V.[171] The President of the National Assembly, the third-highest public official in Hungary, is also seated in the largest building in the country, in the Hungarian Parliament.
Hungary's highest courts are located in Budapest. The Curia (supreme court of Hungary), the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the District V, Leopoldtown. Under the authority of its President it has three departments: criminal, civil and administrative-labour law departments. Each department has various chambers. The Curia guarantees the uniform application of law. The decisions of the Curia on uniform jurisdiction are binding for other courts.[172] The second most important judicial authority, the National Judicial Council, is also housed in the District V, with the tasks of controlling the financial management of the judicial administration and the courts and giving an opinion on the practice of the president of the National Office for the Judiciary and the Curia deciding about the applications of judges and court leaders, among others.[173] The Constitutional Court of Hungary is one of the highest level actors independent of the politics in the country. The Constitutional Court serves as the main body for the protection of the Constitution, its tasks being the review of the constitutionality of statutes. The Constitutional Court performs its tasks independently. With its own budget and its judges being elected by Parliament it does not constitute a part of the ordinary judicial system. The constitutional court passes on the constitutionality of laws, and there is no right of appeal on these decisions.[174]
Budapest hosts the main and regional headquarters of many international organizations as well, including United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, European Police Academy, International Centre for Democratic Transition, Institute of International Education, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, International Red Cross, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Danube Commission and even others.[175] The city is also home to more than 100 embassies and representative bodies as an international political actor.[176]
Environmental issues have a high priority among Budapest's politics. Institutions such as the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, located in Budapest, are very important assets.[177] To decrease the use of cars and greenhouse gas emissions, the city has worked to improve public transportation, and nowadays the city has one of the highest mass transit usage in Europe. Budapest has one of the best public transport systems in Europe with an efficient network of buses, trolleys, trams and subway. Budapest has an above-average proportion of people commuting on public transport or walking and cycling for European cities.[178] Riding on bike paths is one of the best ways to see Budapest – there are currently about 180 kilometres (110 miles) of bicycle paths in the city, fitting into the EuroVelo system.[179]
Crime in Budapest investigated by different bodies. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime notes in their 2011 Global Study on Homicide that, according to criminal justice sources, the homicide rate in Hungary, calculated based on UN population estimates, was 1.4 in 2009, compared to Canada's rate of 1.8 that same year.[180] The homicide rate in Budapest is below the EU capital cities’ average according to WHO also.[181] However, the organised crime is associated with the city, the Institute of Defence in a UN study named Budapest as the "global epicentres" of illegal pornography, money laundering and contraband tobacco, and also the negotiation center for international crime group leaders.[182]
City governance[edit]
See also: Mayor of Budapest, Lord Mayor of Budapest, and General Assembly of Budapest
Current composition of the 33 seats in the General Assembly
Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union 19 seats + Mayor of Budapest (60,6%)
Hungarian Socialist Party 6 seats (15,2%)
Together 2014 2 seats (6,1%)
Democratic Coalition 2 seats (6,1%)
Politics Can Be Different 1 seats (3,0%)
Jobbik 1 seats (3,0%)
Independent 1 seats (3,0%)
Budapest has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1873, but Budapest also holds a special status as a county-level government, and also special within that, as holds a capital-city territory status.[183] In Budapest, the central government is responsible for the urban planning, statutory planning, public transport, housing, waste management, municipal taxes, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, among others. The Mayor is responsible for all city services, police and fire protection, enforcement of all city and state laws within the city, and administration of public property and most public agencies. Besides, each of Budapest' twenty-three districts has its own town hall and a directly elected council and the directly elected mayor of district.[2]
István Tarlós, the current Mayor was re-elected mayor for another 5-year term on the 2014 local elections, he received 49.06% of the votes.[184] He is an independent (but supported by Fidesz) who assumed the office first on 3 October 2010.[185] The composition of the 33 seats in the Budapest General Assembly after the 2014 elections is in the table. The mayor and members of General Assembly are elected to five-year terms.[2]
The Budapest General Assembly is a unicameral body consisting of 33 members, which consist of the 23 mayors of the districts, 9 from the electoral lists of political parties, plus Mayor of Budapest (the Mayor is elected directly). Each term for the mayor and assembly members lasts five years.[186] Submitting the budget of Budapest is the responsibility of the Mayor and the deputy-mayor in charge of finance. The latest, 2014 budget was approved with 18 supporting votes from ruling Fidesz and 14 votes against by the opposition lawmakers.[187]
Main sights and tourism[edit]
See also: List of sights and historic places in Budapest, Category:Tourist attractions in Budapest, and sights of Budapest by districts
Interior of Gerbeaud Café
Boscolo Budapest Hotel, café in the ground floor, a 107-room hotel above
The neo-Gothic Parliament, the biggest building in Hungary with its 268 metres (879 ft) length, containing amongst other things the Hungarian Crown Jewels. Saint Stephen's Basilica, where the Holy Right Hand of the founder of Hungary, King Saint Stephen is on display. The Hungarian cuisine and café culture: for example, Gerbeaud Café, and the Százéves, Biarritz, Fortuna, Alabárdos, Arany Szarvas, Kárpátia and the world-famous Mátyás Pince Restaurants. There are Roman remains at the Aquincum Museum, and historic furniture at the Nagytétény Castle Museum, just 2 out of 223 museums in Budapest. Another historical museum is the House of Terror, hosted in the building that was the venue of the Nazi Headquarters. The Castle Hill, the River Danube embankments and the whole of Andrássy út have been officially recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Castle Hill and the Castle District; there are three churches here, six museums, and a host of interesting buildings, streets and squares. The former Royal Palace is one of the symbols of Hungary – and has been the scene of battles and wars ever since the 13th century. Nowadays it houses two impressive museums and the National Széchenyi Library. The nearby Sándor Palace contains the offices and official residence of the President of Hungary. The seven-hundred-year-old Matthias Church is one of the jewels of Budapest, it is in neo-Gothic style, decorated with coloured shingles and elegant pinnacles. Next to it is an equestrian statue of the first king of Hungary, King Saint Stephen, and behind that is the Fisherman's Bastion, built in 1905 by the architect Frigyes Schulek, the Fishermen's Bastions owes its name to the namesake corporation that during the Middle Ages was responsible of the defence of this part of ramparts, from where opens out a panoramic view of the whole city. Statues of the Turul, the mythical guardian bird of Hungary, can be found in both the Castle District and the Twelfth District.
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince Charles and Chief Rabbi Róbert Frölich in the Dohány Street Synagogue, the largest synagogue in Europe
In Pest, arguably the most important sight is Andrássy út. This Avenue is an elegant 2.5 kilometres (2 miles) long tree-lined street that covers the distance from Deák Ferenc tér to the Heroes Square. On this Avenue overlook many important sites. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As far as Kodály körönd and Oktogon both sides are lined with large shops and flats built close together. Between there and Heroes' Square the houses are detached and altogether grander. Under the whole runs continental Europe's oldest Underground railway, most of whose stations retain their original appearance. Heroes' Square is dominated by the Millenary Monument, with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in front. To the sides are the Museum of Fine Arts and the Kunsthalle Budapest, and behind City Park opens out, with Vajdahunyad Castle. One of the jewels of Andrássy út is the Hungarian State Opera House. Statue Park, a theme park with striking statues of the Communist era, is located just outside the main city and is accessible by public transport.
The Dohány Street Synagogue is the largest synagogue in Europe, and the second largest active synagogue in the world.[188] The synagogue is located in the Jewish district taking up several blocks in central Budapest bordered by Király utca, Wesselényi utca, Grand Boulevard and Bajcsy Zsilinszky road. It was built in moorish revival style in 1859 and has a seating capacity of 3,000. Adjacent to it is a sculpture reproducing a weeping willow tree in steel to commemorate the Hungarian victims of the Holocaust.
The city is also home to the largest medicinal bath in Europe (Széchenyi Medicinal Bath) and the third largest Parliament building in the world, once the largest in the world. Other attractions are the bridges of the capital. Seven bridges provide crossings over the Danube, and from north to south are: the Árpád Bridge (built in 1950 at the north of Margaret Island); the Margaret Bridge (built in 1901, destroyed during the war by an explosion and then rebuilt in 1948); the Chain Bridge (built in 1849, destroyed during World War II and the rebuilt in 1949); the Elisabeth Bridge (completed in 1903 and dedicated to the murdered Queen Elisabeth, it was destroyed by the Germans during the war and rebuilt in 1964); the Liberty Bridge (opened in 1896 and rebuilt in 1989 in Art Nouveau style); the Petőfi Bridge (completed in 1937, destroyed during the war and rebuilt in 1952); the Rákóczi Bridge (completed in 1995). Most remarkable for their beauty are the Margaret bridge, the Chain bridge and the Liberty bridge. The world's largest panorama photograph was created in (and of) Budapest in 2010.[189]
Tourists visiting Budapest can receive free maps and information from the nonprofit Budapest Festival and Tourism Center at its info-points.[190] The info centers also offer the Budapest Card which allows free public transit and discounts for several museums, restaurants and other places of interest. Cards are available for 24-, 48- or 72-hour durations.[191] The city is also well known for its ruin bars both day and night.[192]
Parks and gardens[edit]
See also: Category:Parks in Budapest.
City Park Lake, largest in the city
Budapest has many municipal parks and most have playgrounds for children and seasonal activities like skating in the winter and boating in the summer. Access from the city center is quick and easy with the Millennium Underground. Budapest has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Budapest City Gardening Ltd.[193] The wealth of greenspace afforded by Budapest's parks is further augmented by a network of open spaces containing forest, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie not far from the inner city, including the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden (established in 1866) in the City Park.[194] The most notable and popular parks in Budapest are the City Park which was established in 1751 (302 acres) along with Andrássy Avenue,[195] the Margaret Island in the Danube (238 acres or 96 hectares),[196] the People's Park and the Kopaszi Dam.[197]
The Buda Hills also offer a variety of outdoor activities and views. A place frequented by locals is Normafa, offering activities for all seasons. With a modest ski run, it is also used by skiers and snow boarders - if there is enough snowfall in winter.
Islands[edit]
Park on Margaret Island
Aerial panorama with Margaret Island
Seven islands can be found on the Danube: Shipyard Island, Margaret Island, Csepel Island, Palotai-sziget (now a peninsula), Népsziget, Háros-sziget, and Molnár-sziget. Notable islands include:
Margaret Island is a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long island and 0.965 square kilometres (238 acres) in area. The island mostly consists of a park and is a popular recreational area for tourists and locals alike. The island lies between bridges Margaret Bridge (south) and Árpád Bridge (north). Dance clubs, swimming pools, an aqua park, athletic and fitness centres, bicycle and running tracks can be found around the Island. During the day the island is occupied by people doing sports, or just resting. In the summer (generally on the weekends) mostly young people go to the island at night to party on its terraces, or to recreate with a bottle of alcohol on a bench or on the grass (this form of entertainment is sometimes referred to as bench-partying).
Csepel Island (Csepel-sziget, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛpɛlsiɡɛt]) is the largest island of the River Danube in Hungary. It is 48 km (30 mi) long; its width is 6 to 8 km (4 to 5 mi) and its area comprises 257 km2 (99 sq mi), whereas only the northern tip is inside the city limits.
Hajógyári-sziget ([ˈhɒjoːɟaːri siɡɛt], or Óbudai-sziget) is a man-made island located in the third district. This island hosts many activities such as: wake-boarding, jet-skiing during the day, and dance clubs during the night. This is the island where the famous Sziget Festival takes place, hosting hundreds of performances per year and now around 400,000 visitors in its last edition. Many building projects are taking place to make this island into one of the biggest entertainment centres of Europe. The plan is to build apartment buildings, hotels, casinos and a marina.
Luppa-sziget is the smallest island of Budapest and is located in the northern region of the city.
Rock of Ínség can be found in the river Danube under the Gellért mountain. It can be seen only during a drought period when the river level is very low.
Spas[edit]
Széchenyi Thermal Bath in City Park
One of the reasons the Romans first colonised the area immediately to the west of the River Danube and established their regional capital at Aquincum (now part of Óbuda, in northern Budapest) is so that they could utilise and enjoy the thermal springs. There are still ruins visible today of the enormous baths that were built during that period. The new baths that were constructed during the Turkish period (1541–1686) served both bathing and medicinal purposes, and some of these are still in use to this day.[198][199]
Budapest gained its reputation as a city of spas in the 1920s, following the first realisation of the economic potential of the thermal waters in drawing in visitors. Indeed, in 1934 Budapest was officially ranked as a "City of Spas". Today, the baths are mostly frequented by the older generation, as, with the exception of the "Magic Bath" and "Cinetrip" water discos, young people tend to prefer the lidos which are open in the summer.
Construction of the Király Baths started in 1565, and most of the present-day building dates from the Turkish period, including most notably the fine cupola-topped pool.
The Rudas Baths are centrally placed – in the narrow strip of land between Gellért Hill and the River Danube – and also an outstanding example of architecture dating from the Turkish period. The central feature is an octagonal pool over which light shines from a 10 metres (33 ft) diameter cupola, supported by eight pillars.
The Gellért Baths and Hotel were built in 1918, although there had once been Turkish baths on the site, and in the Middle Ages a hospital. In 1927, the Baths were extended to include the wave pool, and the effervescent bath was added in 1934. The well-preserved Art Nouveau interior includes colourful mosaics, marble columns, stained glass windows and statues.
The Lukács Baths are also in Buda and are also Turkish in origin, although they were only revived at the end of the 19th century. This was also when the spa and treatment centre were founded. There is still something of an atmosphere of fin-de-siècle about the place, and all around the inner courtyard there are marble tablets recalling the thanks of patrons who were cured there. Since the 1950s it has been regarded as a centre for intellectuals and artists.
The Széchenyi Baths are one of the largest bathing complexes in all Europe, and the only "old" medicinal baths to be found in the Pest side of the city. The indoor medicinal baths date from 1913 and the outdoor pools from 1927. There is an atmosphere of grandeur about the whole place with the bright, largest pools resembling aspects associated with Roman baths, the smaller bath tubs reminding one of the bathing culture of the Greeks, and the saunas and diving pools borrowed from traditions emanating in northern Europe. The three outdoor pools (one of which is a fun pool) are open all year, including winter. Indoors there are over ten separate pools, and a whole host of medical treatments is also available. The Szécheny Baths are built in modern Renaissance style.
Infrastructure and transportation[edit]
Airport[edit]
Main article: Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport
Budapest International Airport arrivals and departures lounge between terminal 2A and 2B, named SkyCourt
Budapest is served by Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD) (named after Franz Liszt, the notable Hungarian composer), one of the busiest airports in Central and Eastern Europe, located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east-southeast of the centre of Budapest, in the District XVIII. The airport offers international connections among all major European cities, and also to North America, Africa and the Middle East. As Hungary's busiest airport, handles nearly all of the country's air passenger traffic. Budapest Liszt Ferenc handled around 250 scheduled flights daily in 2013, and an ever-rising number of charters. London, Brussels, Frankfurt, Munich, Paris, and Amsterdam are the busiest international connections respectively, while Toronto, Montreal, Dubai, Doha and Alicante are the most unusual in the region.[200] Today the airport serves as a base for Ryanair, Wizz Air, Budapest Aircraft Service, CityLine Hungary, Farnair Hungary and Travel Service Hungary among others. The airport is accessible via public transportation from the city centre by the Metro line 3 and then the airport bus No. 200E.[201]
As part of a strategic development plan, €561 million have been spent on expanding and modernising the airport infrastructure until December 2012. Most of these improvements are already completed,[202] the postponed ones are the new cargo area and new piers for terminal 2A and 2B, but these development are on standby also, and will start immediately, when the airport traffic will reach the appropriate level. SkyCourt, the newest, state-of-the-art building between the 2A and 2B terminals with 5 levels. Passenger safety checks were moved here along with new baggage classifiers and the new Malév and SkyTeam business lounges, as well as the first MasterCard lounge in Europe.[203]
Public transportation[edit]
Budapest metro and rapid transit network within the city and to suburbs
Green Line 4, a driverless metro line with real-time PIDS system at Kálvin square, a transfer station to Blue Line 3
Alstom Metropolis on the Red Line 2 at Keleti Railway Station, an intermodal transfer hub to Green Line 4 and railways
Public transit in Budapest is provided by the Centre for Budapest Transport (BKK, Budapesti Közlekedési Központ), one of the largest transportation authorities in Europe.[204] BKK operates 4 metro lines (including the historic Line 1, the oldest underground railway in continental Europe), 5 suburban railway lines, 33 tram lines, 15 trolleybus lines, 264 bus lines (including 40 night routes), 4 boat services, and BuBi, a smart bicycle sharing network. On an average weekday, BKK lines transports 3.9 million riders; in 2011, it handled a total of 1.4 billion passengers.[205] In 2014, the 65% of the passenger traffic in Budapest was by public transport and 35% by car. The aim is 80%–20% by 2030 in accordance with the strategy of BKK.
The development of complex intelligent transportation system in the city is rapidly advancing; the application of smart traffic lights is widespread, they are GPS and computer controlled and give priority to the GPS connected public transport vehicles automatically, as well as the traffic is measured and analyzed on the roads and car drivers informed about the expected travel time and traffic by intelligent displays (EasyWay project).[206] Public transport users are immediately notified of any changes in public transport online, on smartphones and on PIDS displays, as well car drivers can keep track of changes in traffic and road management in real-time online and on smartphones through the BKK Info.[207][208] As well all vehicles can be followed online and on smartphones in real-time throughout the city with the Futár PIDS system,[209] while the continuous introducing of integrated e-ticket system will help the measurement of passenger numbers on each line and the intelligent control of service frequency.
The development of Futár, the citywide real-time passenger information system and real-time route planner is finished already and now all of the public transport vehicle is connected via satellite system. The real-time information of trams, buses and trolleybuses are available for both the operators in the control room and for all the passengers in all stops on smartphone and on city street displays.[210] The implementation of latest generation automated fare collection and e-ticket system with NFC compatibility and reusable contactless smart cards for making electronic payments in online and offline systems in Budapest is started in 2014, the project is implemented and operated by the operator of Hong Kong Octopus card jointly with one of the leading European companies of e-ticket and automated fare collection, Scheidt & Bachmann.[211] The deployment of 300 new digital contactless ticket vending machine will be finished by the end of 2014 in harmonization with the e-ticket system.[212]
New Siemens Desiro, a commuter city rail at the Western (Nyugati) Station
The tram lines no. 4 and 6 are the busiest city tram lines in the world,[213] with one of the world's longest trams (54-metre long Siemens Combino) running at 2–3 minute intervals at peak time and 4–5 minutes off-peak. Day services are usually from 4 am until between 11 pm and 0:30 am. The night service has a reputation for being excellent.[178] Hungarian State Railways operates an extensive network of commuter rail services, their importance in the suburban commuter passenger traffic is significant, but in travel within the city is limited. The organiser of public transport in Budapest is the municipal corporation Centre for Budapest Transport (Budapesti Közlekedési Központ – BKK), that is responsible for planning and organising network and services, planning and developing tariff concepts, attending to public service procurer duties, managing public service contracts, operating controlling and monitoring systems, setting and monitoring service level agreements related to public transport, attending to customer service duties, selling and monitoring tickets and passes, attending to integrated passenger information duties, unified Budapest-centric traffic control within public transport, attending to duties related to river navigation, plus the management of Budapest roads, operating taxi stations, unified control of bicycle traffic development in the capital, preparing parking strategy and developing an operational concept, preparation of road traffic management, developing an optimal traffic management system, organising and co-ordinating road reconstruction and even more, in short, everything which is related to transport in the city.[214]
Bus[edit]
There are over 200 bus lines in Budapest with 40 night lines, operated by BKK. These bus lines are connecting Budapest and neighbouring towns. The buses are colored in blue, because in World War II it was the only available color. There are also bus stations, where regional, national and international buses terminate (Volánbusz and Eurolines).
Roads and railways[edit]
Main articles: Hungarian State Railways and Motorways in Hungary
Megyeri Bridge on M0 highway ring road around Budapest
Budapest is the most important Hungarian road terminus, all of the major highways and railways ends within the city limits. The road system in the city is designed in a similar manner to that of Paris, with several ring roads, and avenues radiating out from the center. Ring road M0 around Budapest is nearly completed, with only one section missing on the west side due to local disputes. Currently the ring road is 80 kilometres (50 miles) in length, and once finished it will be 107 kilometres (66 mi) of highway in length.
The city is a vital traffic hub because all major European roads and European railway lines lead to Budapest.[105] The Danube was and is still today an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of trade routes.[106] Hungarian main line railways are operated by Hungarian State Railways. There are three main railway station in Budapest, the Budapest Eastern railway station, the Budapest Western railway station and Budapest Southern railway station, operating both domestic and international rail services. Budapest is one of the main stops of the on its Central and Eastern European route.[215] There is also a suburban rail service in and around Budapest, operated under the name HÉV.
Ports, shipping and others[edit]
The river Danube flows through Budapest on its way from Germany to the Black Sea. The river is easily navigable and so Budapest historically has a major commercial port at Csepel District and at New Pest District also. The Pest side is also a famous port place with international shipping ports for cargo[216] and for passenger ships.[217] In the summer months, a scheduled hydrofoil service operates on the Danube connecting the city to Vienna.
BKK (through the operator BKV) also provides public transport with boat service within the borders of the city. Four routes, marked D11-14, connect the 2 banks with Margaret Island and Hajógyári-island, from Római fürdő (Buda side, North to Óbudai island) or Árpád Bridge (Pest side) to Rákóczi Bridge, with a total of 15 stops. In addition, several companies provides sightseeing boat trips and also an amphibious vehicle (bus and boat) operates constantly.
Water quality in Budapest harbours improved dramatically in the recent years, treatment facilities processed 100% of generated sewage in 2010. Budapesters regularly kayak, canoe, jet-ski and sail on the Danube, which has continuously become a major recreational site for the city.
Special vehicles in Budapest, besides metros, include suburban rails, trams and boats. There are a couple of less common vehicles in Budapest, like the trolleybus on several lines in Pest, the Castle Hill Funicular between the Chain Bridge and Buda Castle, the cyclecar for rent in Margaret Island, the chairlift, the Budapest Cog-wheel Railway and children's railway. The latter three vehicles run among Buda hills.
Culture and contemporary life[edit]
Main pages: Category:Culture in Budapest and Culture of Hungary
Hungarian Academy of Sciences seat in Budapest, founded in 1825 by Count István Széchenyi
The culture of Budapest is reflected by Budapest's size and variety. Most Hungarian cultural movements first emerged in the city. Budapest is an important center for music, film, theatre, dance and visual art. Artists have been drawn into the city by opportunity, as the city government funds the arts with adequate financial resources. Budapest is the headquarters of the Hungarian LGBT community.
Museums and galleries[edit]
Further information: Category:Museums in Budapest
Museum of Fine Arts Budapest in the Heroes' Square
Budapest is packed with museums and galleries, and there are plenty of temporary exhibitions in the most unlikely of settings, particularly in summer. The city glories in 223 museums and galleries, which presents several memories, not only the Hungarian historical, art and science ones, but also the memories of universal and European culture and science. Here are the greatest examples among them: the Hungarian National Museum, the Hungarian National Gallery, the Museum of Fine Arts (where can see the pictures of Hungarian painters, like Victor Vasarely, Mihály Munkácsy and a great collection about Italian art, Dutch art, Spanish art and British art from before the 19th century and French art, British art, German art, Austrian art after the 19th century), the House of Terror, the Budapest Historical Museum, the Aquincum Museum, the Memento Park, Museum of Applied Arts and the contemporary arts exhibition Palace of Arts Budapest.[218] In Budapest there are currently 837 different monuments, which represent the most of the European artistic style. The classical and unique Hungarian Art Nouveau buildings are prominent.
Libraries[edit]
A lot of libraries have unique collections in Budapest, such as the National Széchenyi Library, which keeps historical relics from the age before the printing of books. The Metropolitan Szabó Ervin Library plays an important role in the general education of the capital's population. Other libraries: The Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös University Library, the Parliamentary Library, Library of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and the National Library of Foreign Literature.
Opera and theatres[edit]
Main article: Hungarian opera
Hungarian State Opera House
In Budapest there are forty theatres, seven concert halls and an opera house.[219] Outdoor festivals, concerts and lectures enrich the cultural offer of summer, which are often held in historical buildings. The largest theatre facilities are the Budapest Operetta and Musical Theatre, the József Attila Theatre, the Katona József Theatre, the Madách Theatre, the Hungarian State Opera House, the National Theatre, the Vigadó Concert Hall, Radnóti Miklós Theatre, the Comedy Theatre and the Palace of Arts, known as MUPA. The Budapest Opera Ball is an annual Hungarian society event taking place in the building of the Budapest Opera (Operaház) on the last Saturday of the carnival season, usually late February.[220]
Performing arts and festivals[edit]
Further information: Music of Budapest
Sziget Festival Budapest. One of the largest music festivals in Europe provides a multicultural, diverse meeting point for locals and foreigners every year.
Several annual festivals take place in Budapest, such as Sziget Festival, one of the largest outdoor music festival in Europe, the Budapest Spring Festival presents on concerts at several venues across the city. The Budapest Autumn Festival brings free music, dance, art, and other cultural events to the streets of the city. Budapest Wine Festival and Budapest Pálinka Festival occurs each May and gastronomy festivals focus on culinary pleasures. Budapest Pride (or Budapest Pride Film and Cultural Festival) occurs annually across the city, and usually involves a parade on the Andrássy Avenue. Other festivals include the Budapest Fringe Festival, which brings more than 500 artists in about 50 shows to produce a wide range of interesting works in alternative theatre, dance, music and comedy outside the mainstream. The LOW Festival was a multidisciplinary contemporary cultural festival held in Hungary in the cities Budapest and Pécs from February till March. The name of the festival alludes to the Low Countries, the region encompassing the Netherlands and Flanders. Budapest Jewish Summer Festival, in late August, is also one of the largest in Europe.
There are many symphony orchestras in Budapest with the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra being the preeminent one. It was founded in 1853 by Ferenc Erkel and still presents regular concerts in the Hungarian State Opera House and National Theatre.
The dance tradition of the Carpathian Basin is a unique area of the European dance culture, which is also a special transition between the Balkans and Western Europe regions. The city is home to several authentic Hungarian folk dance ensembles which range from small ensembles to professional troupes. Budapest is one of the few cities in the world where a high school for folk dance learning exists.
Fashion[edit]
Budapest is home to a fashion week twice a year, where the city's fashion designers and houses present their collections and provide a meeting place for the fashion industry representatives. Budapest Fashion Week additionally a place for designers from other countries may present their collections in Budapest. Hungarian models, like Barbara Palvin, Enikő Mihalik, Diána Mészáros, Viktória Vámosi usually appearing at these events along international participants. Fashion brands like Zara, H&M, Mango, ESPRIT, Douglas AG, Lacoste, Nike and other retail fashion brands are common across the city's shopping malls and on the streets.[221]
Major luxury fashion brands such as Roberto Cavalli, Dolce & Gabbana, Gucci, Versace, Ferragamo, Moschino, Prada and Hugo Boss, can be found among the city's most prestigious shopping streets, the Fashion Street, Váci Street and Andrássy Avenue in Budapest's main upscale fashion district, the Leopoldtown, District V. Budapest's newest fashion and design mall, the il Bacio di Stile, opened in 2013 and houses most major fashion houses and brands from around the world including Bottega Veneta, Giorgio Armani, Saint Laurent, Lanvin, Valentino, and Oscar de la Renta.[222]
Media[edit]
Further information: Category:Media in Budapest and List of films shot in Budapest
Hungarian Television seat in 2009 at Liberty square in District V
Budapest is a prominent location for the Hungarian entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media set there. Budapest is the largest centre for film and television production in Hungary. In 2011, it employed more than 50,000 people and generated 63.9% of revenues of the media industry in the country.[223] Budapest is the media centre of Hungary, and the location of the main headquarters of Hungarian Television and other local and national TV and radio stations, such as M1, M2, Duna TV, Duna World, RTL Klub, TV2 (Hungary), EuroNews, Comedy Central, MTV Hungary, VIVA Hungary, Viasat 3, Cool TV, and Pro4, and politics and news channels such as Hír TV, ATV, and Echo TV. Documentary channels include Discovery Channel, Discovery Science, Discovery World, National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo Wild, Spektrum, and BBC Entertainment. This is less than a quarter of the channels broadcast from Budapest; for the whole picture see Television in Hungary.
In 2012, there were 7.2 million internet users in Hungary (72% of the population).[224] and there were 2.3 million subscriptions for mobile broadband.[225]
Cuisine[edit]
Further information: Hungarian cuisine
In the modern age, Budapest developed its own peculiar cuisine, based on products of the nearby region, such as lamb, pork and vegetables special to the region. Modern Hungarian cuisine is a synthesis of ancient Asiatic components mixed with French, Germanic, Italian, and Slavic elements. The food of Hungary can be considered a melting pot of the continent, with a culinary base formed from its own, original Magyar cuisine. Considerable numbers of Saxons, Armenians, Italians, Jews and Serbs settled in the Hungarian basin and in Transylvania, also contributing with different new dishes. Elements of ancient Turkish cuisine were adopted during the Ottoman era, in the form of sweets (for example different nougats, like white nougat called törökméz, quince (birsalma), Turkish delight, Turkish coffee or rice dishes like pilaf, meat and vegetable dishes like the eggplant, used in eggplant salads and appetizers, stuffed peppers and stuffed cabbage called töltött káposzta. Hungarian cuisine was influenced by Austrian cuisine under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed from Austrian cuisine, and vice versa.[226]
Budapest restaurants reflect diversity, with menus carrying traditional regional cuisine, fusions of various culinary influences, or innovating in the leading edge of new techniques. Budapest' food shops also have a solid reputation for supplying quality specialised culinary products and supplies, reputations that are often built up over generations. These include many shops, such as Café Gerbeaud, one of the greatest and most traditional coffeehouses in Europe, or the Gundel restaurant and gastro shop in the City Park. Foodies can also find the highest quality foods served in several Michelin-starred restaurants, like Onyx, Costes, Borkonyha or Tanti.
In fiction[edit]
The 1906 novel The Paul Street Boys, the 1937 novel Journey by Moonlight, the 1957 book The Bridge at Andau, the 1975 novel Fateless, the 1977 novel The End of a Family Story, the 1986 book Between the Woods and the Water, the 1992 novel Under the Frog, the 1987 novel The Door, the 2002 novel Prague, the 2003 book Budapeste, the 2004 novel Ballad of the Whisky Robber, the 2005 novels Parallel Stories and The Historian, the 2012 novel Budapest Noir are set, amongst others, partly or entirely in Budapest. Some of the better known feature films set in Budapest are Kontroll, The District!, Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod, Sunshine, An American Rhapsody, As You Desire Me, The Good Fairy, Hanna's War, The Journey, Ladies in Love, Mehbooba, Music Box, The Shop Around the Corner, Zoo in Budapest, Underworld, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol and Spy. The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) is a Wes Anderson film. It was filmed in Germany and set in the fictional Republic of Zubrowka which is in the alpine mountains of Hungary.
Sports[edit]
Groupama Arena is where Ferencvárosi TC play their home games, and it is also the temporary home of the Hungarian national football team.
Lewis Hamilton during the 2015 Hungarian Grand Prix on Hungaroring
See also: Category:Sport in Budapest and Football in Budapest
Budapest hosted many global sport event in the past, among others the 1994 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, 1997 World Amateur Boxing Championships, 2000 World Fencing Championships, 2001 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Bandy World Championship 2004, 2008 World Interuniversity Games, 2008 World Modern Pentathlon Championships, 2010 ITU World Championship Series, 2011 IIHF World Championship, 2012 European Speed Skating Championships, 2013 World Fencing Championships, 2013 World Wrestling Championships, 2014 World Masters Athletics Championships and will in the future, like 2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2017 World Judo Championships, only in the last two decade. Besides these, Budapest was the home of many European-level tournaments, like 2006 European Aquatics Championships, 2010 European Aquatics Championships, 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship, 2013 European Judo Championships, 2013 European Karate Championships and will be the host of 4 matches in the UEFA Euro 2020, which will be held in the 67,889-seat new multi-purpose Puskás Ferenc Stadium, to mention a few.
In 2015 the Assembly of the Hungarian Olympic Committee and the Assembly of Budapest decided to bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Budapest has lost several bids to host the games, in 1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, and 1960 to Berlin, Antwerp, London, and Rome, respectively.[227][228] The Hungarian Parliament also voted to support the bid on 28 January 2016, later Budapest City Council approved list of venues and Budapest became an official candidate for the 2024 Summer Olympic Games. However, they have recently withdrawn and only Paris and Los Angeles remain as candidates for the 2024 Olympics.
Numerous Olympic, World, and European Championship winners and medalists reside in the city, which follows from Hungary's 8th place among all the nations of the world in the All-time Olympic Games medal table. Hungarians have always been avid sports people: during the history of the Summer Olympic Games, Hungarians have brought home 476 medals, of which 167 are gold. The top events in which Hungarians have excelled are fencing, swimming, water polo, canoeing, wrestling and track & field sports. Beside classic sports, recreational modern sports such as bowling, pool billiard, darts, go-carting, wakeboarding and squash are very popular in Budapest, and extreme sports are also gaining ground. Furthermore, the Budapest Marathon and Budapest Half Marathon also attract many people every year. The city's largest football stadium is named after Ferenc Puskás, recognised as the top scorer of the 20th century and for whom FIFA's Puskás Award (Ballon d'Or) was named.[229]
One of Budapest's most popular sport is football and it has many Hungarian League football club, including in the top level Nemzeti Bajnokság I league, like Ferencvárosi TC (29 Hungarian League titles), MTK Budapest FC (23 titles), Újpest FC (20 titles), Budapest Honvéd FC (13 titles), Vasas SC (6 titles), Csepel SC (4 titles), Budapesti TC (2 titles). In the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, Hungary's most popular soccer club, Ferencvárosi TC dropped out in the second qualifying round.
The Hungarian Grand Prix in Formula One has been held at the Hungaroring just outside the city, which circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.[230] Since 1986, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship. At the 2013 Hungarian Grand Prix, it was confirmed that Hungary will continue to host a Formula 1 race until 2021.[231] The track was completely resurfaced for the first time in early 2016, and it was announced the Grand Prix's deal was extended for a further 5 years, until 2026.[232]
Education[edit]
See also: Education in Hungary
Main Building of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, it is the oldest Institutes of Technology in the world, founded in 1782
Rector's Council Hall of Budapest Business School, the first public business school in the world, founded in 1857
Main Building of the Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, founded in 1875
Budapest is home to over 35 higher education institutions, of which a large number of universities. Under the Bologna Process, many offered qualifications are recognised in countries across Europe. Medicine, dentistry, pharmaceuticals, veterinary programs, and engineering are among the most popular fields for foreigners to undertake in Budapest. Most universities in Budapest offer courses in English, as well as in other languages like German, French, and Dutch, aimed specifically at foreigners. Many students from other European countries spend one or two semesters in Budapest through the Erasmus Programme.[233]
Universities in Budapest
Name
Established
City
Type
Students
Academic staff
Budapest Business School 1857 Budapest Public Business school 16,905 987
Szent István University 1787 Budapest Public Classic university 12,583 1,313
Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1782 Budapest Public Institute of technology 21,171 961
Corvinus University 1920 Budapest Public Business school 14,522 867
Eötvös Loránd University 1635 Budapest Public Classic university 26,006 1,800
Hungarian University of Fine Arts 1871 Budapest Public Art school 652 232
Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music 1875 Budapest Public Music school 831 168
Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design 1870 Budapest Public Art school 894 122
National University of Public Service 1808 Budapest Public Classic university 10,800 465
Óbuda University 1879 Budapest Public Institute of technology 12,888 421
Semmelweis University 1769 Budapest Public Medical school 10,880 1,230
University of Physical Education 1925 Budapest Public Classic university 2,500 220
Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest 1865 Budapest Public Art school 455 111
Andrássy University Budapest 2002 Budapest Private Classic university 210 51
Aquincum Institute of Technology 2011 Budapest Private Institute of technology 50 41
Budapest Metropolitan University 2001 Budapest Private Classic university 8,000 350
Budapest University of Jewish Studies 1877 Budapest Private Theological university 200 60
Central European University 1991 Budapest Private Classic university 1,380 399
International Business School 1991 Budapest Private Business school 800 155
Károli Gáspár University of Reformed Church 1855 Budapest Private Classic university 4,301 342
Pázmány Péter Catholic University 1635 Budapest Private Classic university 9,469 736
Lutheran Theological University 1557 Budapest Private Theological university 220 36
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from Budapest
International relations[edit]
Budapest has quite a few sister cities and many partner cities around the world.[234] Like Budapest, many of them are the most influential and largest cities of their country and region, most of them are the primate city and political, economical, cultural capital of their country. The Mayor of Budapest says the aim of improving sister city relationships is to allow and encourage a mutual exchange of information and experiences, as well as co-operation, in the areas of city management, education, culture, tourism, media and communication, trade and business development.[235]
Historic sister cities[edit]
New York City (USA) 1992[236][237][238]
Fort Worth (USA) 1990[239]
Shanghai (China) 2013[240]
Beijing (China) 2005[241]
Tehran (Iran) 2015[242]
Berlin (Germany) 1992[243][244]
Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 1990[245]
Vienna (Austria) 1990[246]
Lisbon (Portugal) 1992[247][248]
Tel Aviv (Israel) 1989[249]
Zagreb (Croatia) 1994[250]
Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 1995[251]
Florence (Italy) 2008[252]
San Antonio (USA) 2015
Partnerships around the world[edit]
Prague (Czech Republic) 2010[253]
Rotterdam (Netherlands) 1991[254]
Warsaw (Poland) 2005[255]
Kraków (Poland) 2005[256]
Bangkok (Thailand) 2007[257]
Jakarta (Indonesia) 2009[258]
Daejeon (South Korea) 1994[259]
Naples (Italy) 1993[260]
Istanbul (Turkey) 1985[261]
İzmir (Turkey) 1985
Gaziantep (Turkey) 2010
Ankara (Turkey) 2015[262]
Tehran (Iran) 2009
Sofia (Bulgaria) 2009
Vilnius (Lithuania) 2000[263]
Košice (Slovakia) 1997[264]
Lviv (Ukraine) 1993[265]
Some of the city's districts are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities; for details see the article List of districts and towns in Budapest.
Gallery[edit]
Buda Castle
Hungarian Parliament Building
Matthias Church
Saint Stephen's Basilica
Széchenyi Chain Bridge
Heroes' Square with the Millenary Monument
Budai Vigadó
Vajdahunyad Castle
Hungarian National Museum
Saint Elisabeth Church
The Great Synagogue
Museum of Applied Arts
Fisherman's Bastion
Andrássy Avenue was recognised as a World Heritage Site
King Saint Stephen's sculpture in Buda Castle
Castle Theatre
National Theatre
Operett Theatre
Bálna
Liberty Bridge
Liberty Statue
Brudern House
Nyugati Railway Station
Aquincum Museum (Aquincum was the capital of the Roman province of Pannonia.)
Tomb of Gül Baba
Andrássy Avenue (1875)
Zeppelin above Budapest in 1931
Gresham Palace
See also[edit]
Budapest portal
Geography portal
Europe portal
European Union portal
Hungary portal
Bridges of Budapest
Budapest metropolitan area
Fort Budapest
List of cemeteries in Budapest
List of films shot in Budapest
List of historical capitals of Hungary
List of tourist attractions in Budapest
Music of Budapest
Outline of Hungary
Spas in Budapest
Urban and Suburban Transit Association (most of its activity is centred on Budapest)
References[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
Budapest: Eyewitness Travel Guildes. DK Travel. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7566-2435-4.
Barber, Annabel (2004). Visible Cities Budapest: A City Guide. Somerset. ISBN 978-963-212-986-0.
Ungvary, Krisztian (2006). The Siege of Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11985-5.
Molnar, Miklos (2001). A Concise History of Hungary. Cambridge Concise Histories. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-66736-4.
Fallon, Steve (2016), Boston, Massachusetts, https://www.lonelyplanet.com/hungary/budapest
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Population by type of settlement – annually". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Municipality of Budapest (official)". Municipality of Budapest. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Budapest". 2014 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Gazetteer of Hungary, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 2 October 2013.
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Jump up ^ "English: 39,8% of the country's GDP produced in Budapest. Hungary's GDP PPP in 2017 is $284.266 billion (IMF) x 39,8% = $113.1 billion". portfolio.hu / Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ed F. Nozeman; Arno J. Van der Vlist (2014). European Metropolitan Commercial Real Estate Markets. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 978-3-642-37852-2.
^ Jump up to: a b "English: 39,8% of the country's GDP produced in Budapest. Hungary's GDP PPP in 2017 is $284.266 billion (IMF) x 39,8% = $113.1 billion / Budapest pop. 2016 (1.759.407) = $64,283". portfolio.hu / Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ UK: /ˌbjuːdəˈpɛst/, /ˌbʊd-/, /-ʃt/, /ˈbjuːdəpɛst/, /ˈbʊd-/, /-ʃt/
US: /ˈbuːdəpɛst/
Source: Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0
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External links[edit]
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Budapest
Landmarks
Bridges
Árpád Bridge
Elisabeth Bridge
Liberty Bridge
Margaret Bridge
Megyeri Bridge
Petőfi Bridge
Rákóczi Bridge
Széchenyi Chain Bridge
Castles and palaces
Buda Castle
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Hotel Astoria
Hotel Gellért
Labyrinth of Buda Castle
Nagytétény Castle
New York Palace
Vajdahunyad Castle
Government
Budapest City Hall
Hungarian National Bank
Hungarian Parliament Building
House of Magnates
Sándor Palace
Memorials
Holocaust Memorial Center
Kossuth Memorial
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Little Princess Statue
Matthias Fountain
Shoes on Danube Bank
Museums and
galleries
Aquincum Museum
Ethnographic Museum
Geological Museum
Kunsthalle
Hospital in the Rock
House of Terror
National Gallery
National Museum
Natural History Museum
Railway History Park
Koller Gallery
Memento Park
Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library
Müpa Budapest
Museum of Applied Arts
Museum of Fine Arts
National Széchényi Library
Transportation Museum
Southeast Asian Gold Museum
Parks and gardens
Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden
City Park
City Park Ice Rink
Gellért Hill
Haller Park
Fiume Road National Graveyard
Margaret Island
Népliget
Normafa
Óbuda Island
Places of worship
Dohány Street Synagogue
Gellért Hill Cave
Lutheran Church of Budavár
Matthias Church
Palace Chapel
Rumbach Street Synagogue
Szilágyi Dezső Square Reformed Church
St. Stephen's Basilica
Tomb of Gül Baba
Sports venues
Alfréd Hajós National Swimming Stadium
Bozsik Stadion
Budai II. László Stadion
City Park Ice Rink
Szusza Ferenc Stadion
Groupama Aréna
Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion
Hungaroring-Formula One
Illovszky Rudolf Stadion
Kincsem Park
Kisstadion
Puskás Ferenc Stadion
Szőnyi úti Stadion
Squares and
Streets
Andrássy Avenue
Citadella
Danube Promenade
Deák Ferenc Square
Ferenciek Square
Grand Boulevard
Heroes' Square
Hungary Boulevard
Kossuth Square
Liberty Square
Oktogon
Small Boulevard
Széll Kálmán Square
Váci Street
Vörösmarty Square
Móricz Zsigmond Square
Theaters and opera
Comedy Theatre
Court Theatre of Buda
Erkel Theatre
Hungarian State Opera House
Magyar Theatre
National Theatre
Vigadó Concert Hall
Thermal spas
Gellért Baths
Király Baths
Lukács Baths
Rudas Baths
Rácz Thermal Bath
Széchenyi Medicinal Bath
Other
Café Gerbeaud
Elizabeth Lookout
Fisherman's Bastion
Great Market Hall
Gundel Restaurant
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Millennium Underground Railway
F-4 Object
Districts
I. Várkerület
II. 2nd district
III. Óbuda-Békásmegyer
IV. Újpest
V. Belváros-Lipótváros
VI. Terézváros
VII. Erzsébetváros
VIII. Józsefváros
IX. Ferencváros
X. Kőbánya
XI. Újbuda
XII. Hegyvidék
XIII. 13th district
XIV. Zugló
XV. 15th district
XVI. 16th district
XVII. Rákosmente
XVIII. Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre
XIX. Kispest
XX. Pesterzsébet
XXI. Csepel
XXII. Budafok-Tétény
XXIII. Soroksár
Events and
traditions
Budapest Fashion Week
Budapest Fringe Festival
Budapest Spring Festival
Budapest Opera Ball
Café Budapest Contemporary Arts Festival
Hungarian Cuisine
Hungarian National Ballet
LOW Festival
Sziget Festival
Universities
Budapest Business School
Budapest University of Technology
Corvinus University
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Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design
National University of Public Service
Óbuda University
Semmelweis University
University of Physical Education
Academy of Drama and Film
Andrássy University
Aquincum Institute of Technology
Budapest Metropolitan University
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Central European University
International Business School
Károli Gáspár University of Reformed Church
Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Economy
Budapest Stock Exchange
Economy of Budapest
List of companies based in Budapest
Budapest Metropolitan Area
Transport
Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport
Budapest Metro
Budapest Tram Network
Budapest Commuter Railway
BuBi Bicycle
M0 Ring Road
Eastern Railway Station
Western Railway Station
History of Budapest
Budapest
Commons
Category
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Capital cities of the member states of the European Union
Netherlands:
Amsterdam
Greece:
Athens
Germany:
Berlin
Slovakia:
Bratislava
Romania:
Bucharest
Hungary:
Budapest
Belgium:
Brussels
Denmark:
Copenhagen
Ireland:
Dublin
Finland:
Helsinki
Portugal:
Lisbon
Slovenia:
Ljubljana
United Kingdom:
London
Luxembourg:
Luxembourg
Spain:
Madrid
Cyprus:
Nicosia
France:
Paris
Czech Republic:
Prague
Latvia:
Riga
Italy:
Rome
Bulgaria:
Sofia
Sweden:
Stockholm
Estonia:
Tallinn
Malta:
Valletta
Austria:
Vienna
Lithuania:
Vilnius
Poland:
Warsaw
Croatia:
Zagreb
[show]
v
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The Danube
Countries
Germany
Austria
Slovakia
Hungary
Croatia
Serbia
Bulgaria
Romania
Moldova
Ukraine
Cities
Ulm
Ingolstadt
Regensburg
Passau
Linz
Vienna
Bratislava
Győr
Budapest
Vukovar
Ilok
Novi Sad
Belgrade
Ruse
Brăila
Galați
Izmail
Tulcea
Tributaries
Iller
Lech
Regen
Isar
Inn
Morava
Váh
Hron
Ipeľ/Ipoly
Drava
Tisza/Tisa
Sava
Timiș/Tamiš
Great Morava
Timok
Jiu
Iskar
Olt
Osam
Yantra
Vedea
Argeș
Ialomița
Siret
Prut
See also
List of islands in the Danube
List of crossings of the Danube
[show]
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Counties (megyék) of Hungary
Baranya
Bács-Kiskun
Békés
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Csongrád
Fejér
Győr-Moson-Sopron
Hajdú-Bihar
Heves
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
Komárom-Esztergom
Nógrád
Pest
Somogy
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Tolna
Vas
Veszprém
Zala
[show]
v
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Capitals of European states and territories
Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics.
Western
Amsterdam, Netherlands1
Andorra la Vella, Andorra
Bern, Switzerland
Brussels, Belgium2
Douglas, Isle of Man (UK)
Dublin, Ireland
London, United Kingdom
Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Paris, France
Saint Helier, Jersey (UK)
Saint Peter Port, Guernsey (UK)
Northern
Copenhagen, Denmark
Helsinki, Finland
Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway)
Mariehamn, Åland Islands (Finland)
Nuuk, Greenland (Denmark)
Olonkinbyen, Jan Mayen (Norway)
Oslo, Norway
Reykjavík, Iceland
Stockholm, Sweden
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)
Central
Berlin, Germany
Bratislava, Slovakia
Budapest, Hungary
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Prague, Czech Republic
Vaduz, Liechtenstein
Vienna, Austria
Warsaw, Poland
Southern
Ankara, Turkey3
Athens, Greece
Belgrade, Serbia
Bucharest, Romania
Gibraltar, Gibraltar (UK)
Lisbon, Portugal
Madrid, Spain
Monaco, Monaco
Nicosia, Cyprus4
North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus4, 5
Podgorica, Montenegro
Pristina, Kosovo5
Rome, Italy
San Marino, San Marino
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Skopje, Macedonia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Tirana, Albania
Valletta, Malta
Vatican City, Vatican City
Zagreb, Croatia
Eastern
Astana, Kazakhstan3
Baku, Azerbaijan3
Chișinău, Moldova
Kiev, Ukraine
Minsk, Belarus
Moscow, Russia3
Riga, Latvia
Stepanakert, Artsakh4, 5
Sukhumi, Abkhazia3, 5
Tallinn, Estonia
Tbilisi, Georgia3
Tiraspol, Transnistria5
Tskhinvali, South Ossetia3, 5
Vilnius, Lithuania
Yerevan, Armenia4
1 Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
2 Also the seat of the European Union, see Institutional seats of the European Union and Brussels and the European Union
3 Transcontinental country
4 Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe
5 Partially recognised country
[show]
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Cities in Budapest Metropolitan Area
1,000,000+
Budapest
30,000+
Érd
Dunakeszi
Cegléd
Gödöllő
Vác
Szigetszentmiklós
Budaörs
20,000+
Szentendre
Nagykőrös
Gyál
Fót
Vecsés
Dunaharaszti
10,000+
Százhalombatta
Dabas
Monor
Abony
Göd
Pomáz
Gyömrő
Nagykáta
Budakeszi
Pécel
Pilisvörösvár
Szigethalom
Albertirsa
Isaszeg
Törökbálint
Pilis
Veresegyház
Budakalász
Üllő
Maglód
Kistarcsa
Biatorbágy
Budakalász
Tököl
Kerepes
Ráckeve
[show]
v
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Largest cities in Hungary
1,000,000+
Budapest
150,000+
Debrecen
Szeged
Miskolc
100,000+
Pécs
Győr
Nyíregyháza
Kecskemét
50,000+
Székesfehérvár
Szombathely
Szolnok
Tatabánya
Érd
Kaposvár
Sopron
Veszprém
Békéscsaba
Eger
Zalaegerszeg
[show]
v
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World Heritage Sites in Hungary
Cultural
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)
Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings
Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta
Fertő / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape1
Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment
Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape
Natural
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst2
1 Shared with Austria
2 Shared with Slovakia
[show]
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European Capitals of Sport
2001 Madrid
2002 Stockholm
2003 Glasgow
2004 Alicante
2005 Rotterdam
2006 Copenhagen
2007 Stuttgart
2008 Warsaw
2009 Milan
2010 Dublin
2011 Valencia
2012 Istanbul
2013 Antwerp
2014 Cardiff
2015 Turin
2016 Prague
2017 Marseille
2018 Sofia
2019 Budapest
2020 Málaga
2021 Lisboa
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 154759119
LCCN: n79091691
GND: 4008684-7
SUDOC: 029128641
BNF: cb119334051 (data)
NDL: 00629139
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budapest&oldid=821347872"
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Budapest is located in Hungary

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National Széchenyi Library

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Kunsthalle Budapest

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Statue Park

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The Holocaust in Hungary

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Farnair Hungary

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Travel Service Hungary

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Budapest Keleti pályaudvar

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Széchenyi Chain Bridge

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Budapest Autumn Festival

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Hungarian national football team

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Football in Budapest

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IIHF World Championship

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Hungarian Parliament

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View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
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values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values: Будапешт – Adyghe

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boedapest
Boedapest – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

values: بودابست – Arabic

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Guarani
gn
gn
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Avaric

values:
https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Aymara
ay
ay
interlanguage-link-target

values: বুদাপেস্ট – Bangla

values: Будапешт – Bashkir

values: Будапэшт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Будапеща – Bulgarian

values:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

values: བུ་ད་ཕེ་སིད། – Tibetan

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Chuvash

values:
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Cebuano
ceb
ceb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Northern Sami
se
se
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Lower Sorbian
dsb
dsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values: Βουδαπέστη – Greek

values: Будапешт ош – Erzya

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Extremaduran
ext
ext
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Ewe
ee
ee
interlanguage-link-target

values: بوداپست – Persian

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Manx
gv
gv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values: બુડાપેસ્ટ – Gujarati

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values: 부다페스트 – Korean

values: Բուդապեշտ – Armenian

values: बुडापेस्ट – Hindi

values:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Interlingua
ia
ia
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Ossetic

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: בודפשט – Hebrew

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values: ಬುಡಾಪೆಸ್ಟ್ – Kannada

values: ბუდაპეშტი – Georgian

values: Будапешт – Kazakh

values:
https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Cornish
kw
kw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Komi

values: Будапешт – Kyrgyz

values:
https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Ladino
lad
lad
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapes
Budapes – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Будимпешта – Macedonian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values: ബുഡാപെസ്റ്റ് – Malayalam

values:
https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Maori
mi
mi
interlanguage-link-target

values: बुडापेस्ट – Marathi

values: ბუდაპეშტი – Mingrelian

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Moksha

values: Будапешт – Mongolian

values: ဗူးဒပက်မြို့ – Burmese

values:
https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Nāhuatl
nah
nah
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Nauru
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boedapest
Boedapest – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: बुडापेस्ट – Nepali

values: बुदापेस्त – Newari

values: Будапешт – Chechen

values:
https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Northern Frisian
frr
frr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Norfuk / Pitkern
pih
pih
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values: ବୁଦାପେଷ୍ଟ – Odia

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesht
Budapesht – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values: ਬੁਦਾਪੈਸਤ – Punjabi

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

values: بوډاپسټ – Pashto

values:
https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Tok Pisin
tpi
tpi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapeszt
Budapeszt – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapeste
Budapeste – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesta
Budapesta – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshta
Peshta – Romani
rmy
rmy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Romansh
rm
rm
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Rusyn

values: Будапешт – Russian

values: Будапешт – Sakha

values:
https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Samoan
sm
sm
interlanguage-link-target

values: बुद्धप्रस्थ – Sanskrit

values:
https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Sardinian
sc
sc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Southern Sotho
st
st
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesti
Budapesti – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будимпешта – Serbian

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: புடாபெஸ்ட் – Tamil

values:
https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Kabyle
kab
kab
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Tatar

values: บูดาเปสต์ – Thai

values: Будапешт – Tajik

values:
https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Twi
tw
tw
interlanguage-link-target

values: Будапешт – Udmurt

values: Будапешт – Ukrainian

values: بوداپست – Urdu

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Volapük
vo
vo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesse
Budapesse – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Wolof
wo
wo
interlanguage-link-target

values: בודאפעשט – Yiddish

values:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest – Yoruba
yo
yo
interlanguage-link-target

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suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

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