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Captain Underpants
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For the 2017 film based on the novels, see Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie.
Captain Underpants
Cover of the first Captain Underpants book
Author
Dav Pilkey
Illustrator
Dav Pilkey
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Children's novel
Comedy
Superhero fiction
Publisher
Blue Sky (US),
Scholastic (US)
Published
September 1, 1997 - present (Main series ended, while spin-offs are ongoing)
Media type
Print (hardcover and paperback)
Captain Underpants is a children's novel series by American author and illustrator Dav Pilkey. The series revolves around two fourth graders, George Beard and Harold Hutchins, living in Piqua, Ohio, and Captain Underpants, an aptly named superhero from one of the boys' homemade comic books, that accidentally becomes real when George and Harold hypnotize their ill-tempered principal, Mr. Krupp. Soon after, Mr. Krupp gains superpowers by drinking alien juices in the third book.
The series includes 12 books and three spin-offs, and won a Disney Adventures Kids' Choice Award on April 4, 2006. As of 2016, the series had been translated into over 20 languages,[1] with more than 70 million books sold worldwide,[1] including over 50 million in the United States.[2] DreamWorks Animation acquired rights to the series to make an animated feature film adaptation, which was released on June 2, 2017 to positive reviews.
After the main series concluded with the twelfth novel, Captain Underpants and the Sensational Saga of Sir Stinks-A-Lot, in 2015 a spin-off series titled Dog Man, was released the following year.[3] Currently the spin-off series has four books.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Minor
1.3 Villains
2 Novels
2.1 Captain Underpants novels
2.2 Captain Underpants activity books
2.3 Captain Underpants spin-offs
2.4 Captain Underpants collectors' editions
2.5 Captain Underpants collections
2.6 Captain Underpants in Full Color
3 Controversy
3.1 Book bans
3.2 Costumes
4 Hiatus
5 Other media
5.1 Film adaptation
5.2 Television series
6 Reception
7 Distribution outside the US
8 References
9 External links
Characters[edit]
Main[edit]
George Beard and Harold Hutchins – Two fourth grade pranksters, who are best friends and next-door neighbors and the main protagonists of the series. They started a comic book company called "Treehouse Comix, Inc.", and every so often at school they sneak to the secretary's office to make copies of their latest comic book and sell them on the playground for 50 cents. They are the class clowns in 4th grade at Jerome Horwitz Elementary School, a school which discourages imagination and fun, located in Piqua, Ohio. They often get in trouble and serious events with Mr. Krupp. George in particular is described as very intelligent for his age, to the point where he could have skipped a grade at will, and only causes trouble at school because he finds school boring. In the film, they are respectively voiced by Kevin Hart and Thomas Middleditch.
Principal Benjamin "Benny" Krupp – The overweight and cruel principal of Jerome Horwitz Elementary School and the antihero of the series (usually when no real dangers are happening). Mr. Krupp has a deep hatred of children, and also tries to protect Jerome Horwitz Elementary from George and Harold's antics. Why he is so mean to children in general is unknown, but it is hinted that it is because of his own troubled and dysfunctional past. In the film, he is voiced by Ed Helms.
Captain Underpants – The alter ego of Mr. Krupp, when he is hypnotized to think he is "Captain Underpants," a character created by George and Harold. He only wears white briefs and a red cape with black polka-dots. Whenever Mr. Krupp hears the sound of fingers snapping, he turns into Captain Underpants, and he turns back into Mr. Krupp when he is soaked with water. Captain Underpants is considered to be the "light side" of Mr. Krupp himself, as he is nice and kind to everyone, especially children. In the film, he is voiced by Ed Helms.
Melvin Sneedly – George and Harold's nerdy nemesis. He is an annoying snitch, a mechanical genius, the school brainiac, and a tattletale. In the film, he is voiced by Jordan Peele.
Sulu and Crackers – George and Harold's pets. Sulu was Melvin's abandoned pet bionic hamster after he yelled at Sulu which offended him, but afterward was adopted by George and Harold. Crackers is their pet Quetzalcoatlus they got when they traveled back in time with Melvin Sneedly's time machine.
Minor[edit]
Mr. Meaner – Mr. Meaner is Jerome Horwitz Elementary School's gym teacher. He is depicted as being a very fat man, and with a personality similar to Mr. Krupp's. Like him, he is very cruel to students and often yells at them.
Miss Edith Anthrope – The school secretary who is often shown to be in a bad mood. Like all the other teachers at the school including Mr. Krupp, she is unkind to children. Also like most of the school's teachers, she is overweight, although only slightly in comparison to many of the other ones, which are grossly obese. In the movie, she is on hold for three days thinking she will win a radio contest. In the film, she is voiced by Grey Griffin.
Mr. Morty Fyde – Mr. Fyde is the science teacher at Jerome Horwitz Elementary School. He is not cruel like all the other grown ups in the school but rather dorky and stupid. The events of the first three books gradually cause him to believe himself insane and resign from his job to put himself in a mental institution (but in the movie Mr Krupp simply fires Fyde because he'd rather spend time with his family then judge the school science fair and Krupp considers this unacceptable). In the film, he is voiced by Mel Rodriguez.
Miss Singerbrains – Miss Singerbrains is the librarian at Jerome Horwitz Elementary School who banned all but one of the books in the library and eventually closed down the library.
Villains[edit]
Doctor Diaper (known as Doctor Nappy in the UK) - A diaper-clad mad scientist, and the first villain Captain Underpants ever faced.
The Turbo Toilet 2000 – A giant toilet created by George and Harold, who was accidentally brought into the real world with a modified photocopier. In the film, it was now Melvin’s invention that was also Poopypants’ giant robot with his size ray.
Zorx, Klax, and Jennifer - Three space aliens who planned to invade Piqua, Ohio. They disguised themselves as lunch ladies to turn the students of Jerome Horwitz Elementary School into Zombie Nerds by using Evil Zombie Nerd Juice.
The Dandelion of Doom – A dandelion that drank alien rapid-growth juice, causing it to grow into a giant, evil monster.
Professor Pippy Pee-Pee Poopypants (Later known as Tippy Tinkletrousers, then Prof. Pee-Pee Diarrheastien Poopypants Esq.) – A brilliant scientist who unfortunately comes from a foreign culture in which everyone has a silly name. In the film, he is voiced by Nick Kroll
Robo-George and The Harold 2000 – Two giant robots built by Wedgie Woman based on George and Harold. They were totally obedient to Wedgie Woman, each had a vast arsenal of powerful weapons and gadgets and were programmed to destroy Captain Underpants once they heard him say "Tra-la-laaa!"
The Bionic Booger Boy (Melvin Sneedly) – A mix of Melvin Sneedly, boogers, and a super-powered robot.
Carl, Trixie and Frankenbooger (The Three Robo-Boogers) – Boogers who all come from the Bionic Booger Boy. They all share a weakness to oranges, which Captain Underpants successfully used to destroy the rampaging trio of living mucus. Carl had the Bionic Booger Boy's legs, Trixie had the tentacles, and Frankenbooger had the arms. Whenever they eat, they become bigger and more evil.
Evil George and Evil Harold – Alternative versions of George and Harold from an alternate dimension who are both intelligent and evil. They helped Captain Blunderpants and unlike the sketchy, amateurish George and Harold they are actually good authors and illustrators (ironically, the main George and Harold consider the alternative George and Harold's work inferior). Additionally, they also tended to correct the spelling on signs to evil phrases (while their counterparts often change the signs into funny words).
Captain Blunderpants – The opposite of Captain Underpants from an alternate dimension, who has a toupee and looks and acts more like Krupp, while the alternate Krupp is nice. Also his transformation is opposite; when water is splashed on him, he becomes the evil Captain Blunderpants and when someone snaps their fingers, he becomes nice Mr. Krupp.
Kipper Krupp – A sixth-grade bully and Mr. Krupp's nephew, who would bully George, Harold and other children when they were all in kindergarten.
Sir Stinks A Lot – Mr. Meaner later becomes the alter-ego of Sir-Stinks-A-Lot, an evil hypnotist.
Novels[edit]
The main series of novels has developed a pattern of alliteration from the second book on—with the exception of the third book, whose "annoyingly long" title becomes a running joke in future books.
Novels 6–12 in the main series form one unbroken story, in which the ending of each of such novel except the last is a cliffhanger, and the next novel in sequence immediately picks up where the last one left off.
Captain Underpants novels[edit]
The Adventures of Captain Underpants (1997)
Captain Underpants and the Attack of the Talking Toilets (1999)
Captain Underpants and the Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies from Outer Space (and the Subsequent Assault of the Equally Evil Lunchroom Zombie Nerds) (1999)
Captain Underpants and the Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants (2000)
Captain Underpants and the Wrath of the Wicked Wedgie Woman (2001)
Captain Underpants and the Big, Bad Battle of the Bionic Booger Boy, Part 1: The Night of the Nasty Nostril Nuggets (2003)
Captain Underpants and the Big, Bad Battle of the Bionic Booger Boy, Part 2: The Revenge of the Ridiculous Robo-Boogers (2003)
Captain Underpants and the Preposterous Plight of the Purple Potty People (2006)
Captain Underpants and the Terrifying Re-Turn of Tippy Tinkletrousers (2012)[4]
Captain Underpants and the Revolting Revenge of the Radioactive Robo-Boxers (2013)[5]
Captain Underpants and the Tyrannical Retaliation of the Turbo Toilet 2000 (2014)[6]
Captain Underpants and the Sensational Saga of Sir Stinks-A-Lot (2015)[6]
Captain Underpants activity books[edit]
The Captain Underpants Extra-Crunchy Book o' Fun (2001)
The All-New Captain Underpants Extra-Crunchy Book o' Fun 2 (2002)
The Captain Underpants Super Silly Sticker Studio (2005)
Captain Underpants spin-offs[edit]
The Adventures of Super Diaper Baby (2002)
The Adventures of Ook and Gluk: Kung-Fu Cavemen from the Future (2010)
Super Diaper Baby 2: The Invasion of the Potty Snatchers (2011)
Dog Man (2016) (In full color)
Dog Man Unleashed (2017) (In full color)
Dog Man: A Tale of Two Kitties (2017) (In full color)
Dog Man and Cat Kid (2017) (In full color)
Dog Man: Lord Of the Fleas (2018) (In full color)
Dog Man: Brawl of the Wild (2018) (In full color)
Captain Underpants collectors' editions[edit]
The Adventures of Captain Underpants: Collectors' Edition (2001)
Captain Underpants and the Attack of the Talking Toilets: Collectors' Edition (2007)
Captain Underpants and the Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies from Outer Space (and the Subsequent Assault of the Equally Evil Lunchroom Zombie Nerds): Collectors' Edition (2008)
Captain Underpants collections[edit]
The Tra-La-La Riffic Captain Underpants Collection/The First Captain Underpants Collection (Books 1–4; 1997–2000)
The Second Captain Underpants Collection/The Tra-La-Larious Captain Underpants (Books 5–7 & Super Diaper Baby; 2001–2003)
Captain Underpants: Three Pantastic Novels in One (Books 1–3; 1997–99)
The New Captain Underpants Collection (Books 1–5; 1997–200)
The Tra-La-La Tremendous Captain Underpants Collection (Books 5–8; 2001–2006)
The Complete Captain Underpants Collection (Books 1–8; 1997–2006)
The Captain Underpants Collectors' Edition Collection (Books 1–3 + 3 CD-Roms; 1997–1999, 2005–2008)
Captain Underpants in Full Color[edit]
The Adventures of Captain Underpants (2013)
Captain Underpants and the Attack of the Talking Toilets (2014)
Captain Underpants and the Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies from Outer Space (and the Subsequent Assault of the Equally Evil Lunchroom Zombie Nerds) (2014)[7]
Captain Underpants and the Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants (2015)[8]
Captain Underpants and the Wrath of the Wicked Wedgie Woman (2017)[6]
Controversy[edit]
Book bans[edit]
The Captain Underpants books were reported by the American Library Association to be the most frequently challenged books in the year 2012.[9] Dav Pilkey also mentioned this in his website. According to the American Library Association, Pilkey's Captain Underpants series was explicitly banned in some schools for insensitivity and being unsuited to age group, as well as encouraging children to disobey authority.[10][11]
The American Library Association stated in a release by the National Coalition Against Censorship that "This year's #1 banned book, Captain Underpants... is the gift that keeps on giving. Why? Because these popular, silly books are read by parents, with their children, all over the country. The toilet humor makes parents roll their eyes and kids giggle. The absurdity of banning books in order to attack perceived moral problems is exemplified by this year's winner."[12]
In October 2015, the 12th book received controversy due to a reference to Harold being gay. Some elementary schools have banned the book for this reason.[13][14]
Costumes[edit]
In 2007, Captain Underpants Halloween costumes created controversy at Long Beach High School in Long Island, New York. Three female students dressed up as Captain Underpants causing the principal, Nicholas Restivo, to enact a costume ban for all students. The three girls put on beige leotards and nude stockings under white briefs and red capes. According to Principal Restivo, "the appearance was that they were naked."[15]
Hiatus[edit]
Although the first few books came out on a regular basis, the ninth book, Captain Underpants and the Terrifying Return of Tippy Tinkletrousers (advertised in a teaser at the end of the eighth book), wasn't released until 2012, after a six-year wait. During this time, Dav Pilkey was caring for his terminally ill father, who died in 2008.[16] In 2009, he signed a deal with Scholastic for four new books, the first of which was The Adventures of Ook and Gluk: Kung-Fu Cavemen from the Future, released August 10, 2010. The second was Super Diaper Baby 2: The Invasion of the Potty Snatchers, released June 28, 2011.[17] The third book, Captain Underpants and the Terrifying Return of Tippy Tinkletrousers, was released August 28, 2012. The fourth book, Captain Underpants and the Revolting Revenge of the Radioactive Robo-Boxers, was released January 16, 2013.
Other media[edit]
Film adaptation[edit]
Main article: Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie
On October 20, 2011, it was reported that DreamWorks Animation had acquired rights to make an animated feature film based on the Captain Underpants series.[18] On October 25, 2013, it was reported that Rob Letterman would direct the film, while Nicholas Stoller would write the script.[2] It would have been the second film to have Letterman and Stoller working together, the first being Gulliver's Travels. On January 21, 2014, the cast was announced, with Ed Helms joining as Mr. Krupp/Captain Underpants; Kevin Hart as George Beard; Thomas Middleditch as Harold Hutchins; Nick Kroll as the insidious villain, Professor Poopypants; and Jordan Peele as Melvin, the nerdy nemesis of George and Harold. [1] On June 12, 2014, the film was scheduled for release on January 13, 2017.[19] Following DreamWorks Animation's reorganization in early 2015, the studio announced that the film will be produced outside of the studio's pipeline at a significantly lower cost.[20] It will be instead animated at Mikros Image in Montreal, Canada, and it will look differently than most of DWA's films.[21] A month later, Deadline reported that Letterman had left the project, and that David Soren, the director of Turbo, was in talks to direct the film,[22] but Letterman returned to the project and serves as an executive producer with Dav Pilkey.[23] The film was expected to be released on March 10, 2017,[22] but in September 2015, DreamWorks Animation's The Boss Baby took over its date.[24] The film was released on June 2, 2017.[25][26]
Television series[edit]
Main article: The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants
DreamWorks Animation will also produce a television series based on the film and will be streamed to Netflix. It was released on July 13, 2018.[27][28]
Reception[edit]
Censors in the United States have been targeting the Captain Underpants series after the first book was released in 1997.[29] The Office of Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association reported that Captain Underpants is the book series with the most complaints from libraries due to offensive content in the United States in 2012 and 2013.[30] Several parents accused the book of having language inappropriate for the book's target audience, children enrolled in elementary schools.[31]
Jessica Roake, in an article published in Slate, argued that the books are well suited for young readers. She wrote that "They're drawn to them because for the first time in their reading lives they are understood, entertained, and catered to all at once. It is theirs, not ours, and that feeling of exclusive ownership forges the kind of connection everyone should have with at least one book in their life. For that, most every English teacher of my acquaintance will be more than happy to take the shot to the ego the Captain provides."[29]
Distribution outside the US[edit]
Canada, Argentina, Mexico, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand: Scholastic
Catalan: Editorial Cruilla, a division of Ediciones SM, Barcelona
China: Nanhai Publishing Company
Hong Kong: Thinkingdom/New Buds
Taiwan: Commonwealth
Czech: Egmont
Denmark: Forlaget Sesam, a division of Egmont
Finland: Tammi
France: Le Petit Musc, a division of Playbac, Paris
German: Ueberreuter, Vienna
Greek: Modern Times
Iceland: JPV Forlag
Indonesia: Gramedia
Israel: Kineret
Italy: Piemme (Captain Underpants), Salani (Super Diaper Baby)
Japan: Tokuma Shoten
Ryō Kisaka (木坂涼, Kisaka Ryō) is the Japanese translator of the book series.[32]
Korea: Gimm-Young Publishers, Inc.
Norway: Schibsted Forlag (1st to 8th book), Vigmostad & Bjørke (from 9th book) (Kaptein Supertruse or Captain Supertrousers). Translations by Vibeke Ekeland Grønn. Name translations include: George and Harold into Thomas B. and Harald H. (after Senkveld's hosts), Melvin Sneedly into Melvin Snisk ("Melvin Sneak"), Mr. Fyde into Herr Stempel ("Mr. Stamp"), Professor Poopypants into Professor Bæsjebleie ("Professor Poopy-diaper") and Sir Stinks-a-Lot into Señor Stinkbombe ("Señor Stimkbomb").
Poland: Egmont, Jaguar
Portugal: Gradiva
Romania: Editura National
Russia: Machiny Tvoreniya Publishing (title: Капитан Подштанник "Kapitan Podshtannik")
Slovene: Zalozba Mladinska Knjiga
Spain: Ediciones SM, Madrid
Sweden: Egmont Richters
Thai: Pearl Publishing
Turkey: A.I. Iletisim/Altin Kitaplar
United Kingdom: Scholastic, TedSmart
References[edit]
Superhero fiction portal
Children's literature portal
Literature portal
Books portal
United States portal
^ Jump up to: a b c "Captain Underpants Saves The Day By Recruiting Top Comedy Talent To Voice New DreamWorks Animation Film". PR Newswire. January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (October 25, 2013). "Rob Letterman to Direct 'Captain Underpants' for DWA (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee Yandoli, Krystie (March 2, 2016). "Here's A Look Inside The New "Captain Underpants" Spin-Off Story". BuzzFeed. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Captain Underpants' author goes digital". Yahoo!. January 12, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Captain Underpants and the Revolting Revenge of the Radioactive Robo-Boxers". Amazon. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Scholastic To Publish Two New Captain Underpants Books By Worldwide Bestselling Author Dav Pilkey, Plus Newly Re-Illustrated Editions Of Pilkey's Ricky Ricotta Series, With All New Full-Color Art By Bestselling Artist Dan Santat". PR Newswire. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Captain Underpants and the Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies From Outer Space: Color Edition". Barnes & Noble. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Captain Underpants and the Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants: Color Edition". Amazon. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Frequently challenged books of the 21st century". American Library Association. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Top ten most frequently challenged books of 2002". American Library Association. Archived from the original on October 26, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Frequently challenged books of the 21st century". American Library Association.
Jump up ^ "STATE OF CENSORSHIP: UNABRIDGED CONTRIBUTIONS FROM OUR PARTICIPANTS". National Coalition Against Censorship.
Jump up ^ "Elementary parents notified of gay character in children's book". Monica Scott.
Jump up ^ Schaub, Michael (October 27, 2015). "'Captain Underpants' banned from school book fair over gay character". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "N.Y. School Bans Halloween Costumes". NPR. October 29, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Italie, Hillel (March 18, 2010). "'Captain Underpants' Is Back: Author Dav Pilkey Signs On For Four More Books". The Huffington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "What's Up with the Next Book, Bub". Dav Pilkey official site. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (October 19, 2011). "DreamWorks Animation Wins Auction For 'Captain Underpants' Feature Film Rights". Deadline. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DreamWorks Animation Release Dates Include Madagascar 4". Collider.com. November 20, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lieberman, David (January 22, 2015). "DreamWorks Animation Restructuring To Cut 500 Jobs With $290M Charge". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Graser, Marc (January 22, 2015). "Jeffrey Katzenberg on DWA's Cutbacks: '3 Films a Year Was Too Ambitious". Variety. Retrieved September 20, 2015. "Trolls," set for a 2016 release, will be the first film to be made with the $120 million budget.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr., Mike (February 26, 2015). "Rob Letterman Doffs 'Captain Underpants'; 'Turbo's David Soren Being Fitted For DWA Pic". Deadline. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wolfe, Jennifer (December 2, 2016). "Rob Letterman Helming Legendary's 'Detective Pikachu' Pokémon Movie". Animation World Network. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (September 18, 2015). "Hugh Jackman's 'Greatest Showman on Earth' Pushed a Year to Christmas 2017". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Theatrical Movie Schedule Changes and Additions". Box Office Mojo. March 27, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Coggan, Devan (December 24, 2016). "Captain Underpants leaps to the big screen in exclusive first look". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kofi Outlaw. "Netflix and Dreamworks Announce She-Ra, Trolls, Captain Underpants and More". ComicBook.com. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Milligan, Mercedes (June 20, 2018). "DreamWorks 'Epic Tales of Captain Underpants' Opener Undressed". Animation Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b Roake, Jessica. "One Nation, Underpants." (also "Dav Pilkey's Captain Underpants books: Why kids love them, and parents should make peace with them.:") Slate. September 7, 2012. Retrieved on October 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Frequently challenged books of the 21st century." American Library Association. Retrieved on October 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Engel, Pamela. "Why 'Captain Underpants' Is The Most Banned Book In America." Business Insider. September 26, 2013. Retrieved on October 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "木坂涼さんのまき Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.." (Archive) Tokuma Shoten. Retrieved on December 5, 2013.
External links[edit]
"Captain Underpants official site"
"Captain Underpants on Dav Pilkey's official site"
hide
v
t
e
The Captain Underpants series by Dav Pilkey
Novels
The Adventures of Captain Underpants (1997)
Attack of the Talking Toilets (1999)
Invasion of the Incredibly Naughty Cafeteria Ladies from Outer Space (1999)
Perilous Plot of Professor Poopypants (2000)
Wrath of the Wicked Wedgie Woman (2001)
Big, Bad Battle of the Bionic Booger Boy (Parts 1 & 2) (2003)
Preposterous Plight of the Purple Potty People (2006)
Terrifying Return of Tippy Tinkletrousers (2012)
Revolting Revenge of the Radioactive Robo-Boxers (2013)
Tyrannical Retaliation of the Turbo Toilet 2000 (2014)
Sensational Saga of Sir Stinks-A-Lot (2015)
Spin-offs
Super Diaper Baby
The Adventures of Super Diaper Baby (2002)
Super Diaper Baby 2: The Invasion of the Potty Snatchers (2011)
Ook and Gluk
The Adventures of Ook and Gluk: Kung-Fu Cavemen from the Future (2010)
Dog Man
Dog Man (2016)
Dog Man Unleashed (2017)
Dog Man: A Tale of Two Kitties (2017)
Dog Man and Cat Kid (2018)
Dog Man: Lord of the Fleas (2018)
Other media
Film
Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017)
Television
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants (2018)
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text:
Glossary of wildfire terms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The following is a glossary of wildfire terms. Except where noted, terms are taken from a 1998 Fireline Handbook transcribed for a Conflict 21 counter-terrorism studies website by the Air National Guard.[1]
Separate glossaries for firefighting terms and firefighting equipment are also available.
Contents
Top
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
W
See also
References
#[edit]
1hr, 10hr, 100hr, 1000hr fuels
Refers to the time lag classes of Dead fuels classified by size: 1hr = 0 to 0.25 inch diameter. 10hr 0.25 to 1, 100hr 1 to 3, 1000hr 3 to 8.
A[edit]
Aerial canopy
Fuel type consisting of trees having few low branches, making it less susceptible to ignition by low-intensity fires.
Aerial firefighting (or air attack)
Use of aircraft in support of ground resources to combat wildfires, often most effective in initial attack in light fuels.
Air drop
Delivery of supplies or retardant from the air. Supplies can be dropped by parachute. Retardant is released in a single drop or one or more trails, the size of which is determined by the wind and the volume, speed and altitude of the airtanker (usually no less than 200 feet above the drop zone).
Air operations
Group tasked with coordinating aerial-based observation, supply, rescue and suppression at a wildfire.
Air tactical group supervisor or air attack
Coordinates air resources for attack of a fire
Airtanker
Fixed-wing aircraft certified by the FAA as being capable of transporting and delivering 600 to 3,0000 gallons of water or other liquid or powder fire retardants. Formerly referred to as borate bombers before borate-based retardants became less desirable. Often accompanied by a spotter plane.
Anchor point
An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start constructing a fireline. The anchor point is used to minimize the chance of being flanked (or outflanked) by the fire while the line is being constructed.
B[edit]
Backburn
Precautionary fire set downwind of main fire for controlled fuel clearing by backing it into the main fire, similar to burnout, below, which occurs adjacent to control line.
Backfire
A fire set along the inner edge of a fireline to consume the fuel in the path of a wildfire and to change the direction or force of the fire’s convection column.
Bambi bucket
Collapsible bucket for lifting and moving water and other fire retardant with a helicopter.
Barrier
Any obstruction to the spread of fire. Typically an area or strip devoid of combustible fuel.
Base
(1) staging or command center location for fire operations; (2) starting location of a fire; (3) base camp: location for eating, sleeping, etc., near staging or command center.
Berm
Soil heaped on the downhill side of a traversing fireline below a fire, to trap rolling firebrands.
Blackline
A condition where no combustible fuels remain between the fireline and the main fire.
Blowup
A sudden increase in fireline intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans. Often accompanied by violent convection and may have other characteristics of a firestorm.
Boise Interagency Fire Center (BIFC)
The former name of the National Interagency Fire Center (see below);
Bone yard
An area scraped to mineral soil for safe handling of smoldering materials; also, a systematic mop-up of smoldering materials by scraping off embers and placing materials into the bone yard area.[2]
Booster hose, booster pump, booster reel
A small solid hose on a reel connected to a small pump fitted to a water tank on a vehicle. Booster pump also refers to a pump in a relay series for pumping uphill beyond the lift of the previous pump.
Brush blade
Rake attachment for cutting or ripping brush and roots out of a fireline.
Brush hook
Cutting tool used to clear brush, longer than a machete, usually with a heavy, solid, curved blade bolted to the end of an arm's-length handle.
Brush truck
Small fire truck outfitted for wildland fire. Also called a type-six engine.
Bump up
To move to another location. Can refer to anything from moving to another location on a fireline, to an entire crew moving to another fire. Bump back means to return to a previous location. In the "bump" system of fireline construction, each firefighter works on a small piece of fireline with his or her tool until a completed portion of line is encountered. Then the call to bump up is heard, and everyone ahead of the caller skips ahead one or more positions, leaving the unfinished fireline for those coming up behind.
Burning index
A relative measure of fire-control difficulty; doubling the index means twice the effort may be needed to control the fire.
Burn out
Setting fire inside a control line to consume fuel between the edge of the fire and the control line.
Burning period
The part of each 24-hour period when fires spread most rapidly; typically from 10:00 AM to sundown.
Bushfire
A bushfire is a wildfire that occurs in the forests, scrubs, woodlands or grasslands of Australia or New Zealand.
C[edit]
Candle
A standing tree with a broken top which often continues to burn after the main firefront has passed. Candles usually send up a fountain of sparks and burning embers which may travel some distance and be of concern if near the unburnt side of a control line.
Closed area
An area in which specified activities or entry are temporarily restricted to reduce the risk of human-caused fires.
Closure
Legal restrictions of specified activities such as smoking, camping, and entry that might cause fires in a given area.
Cold trailing
A method of controlling a partly dead fire edge by carefully inspecting and feeling with the hand for heat to detect any fire, and lining any live edge.
Complex
Two or more individual incidents located in the same general area which are assigned to a single incident commander or unified command.
Confine a fire
The least aggressive wildfire suppression strategy which can be expected to keep the fire within established boundaries of constructed firelines under prevailing conditions.
Contain a fire
A moderately aggressive wildfire suppression strategy which can be expected to keep the fire within established boundaries of constructed firelines under prevailing conditions.
Control line
An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated (retardant) fire edges used to control a fire.
Controlled burn
See prescribed burn (Rx burn)
Coyote tactics
A progressive line construction duty involving primarily hotshots and jumpers who build firelines until the end of the operation and then bed down where ever they end up, with no sleeping bag.
Creeping fire
Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Crown fire
A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independently of a surface fire. Crown fires are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire.
Crown out
See torching
D[edit]
Dead man zone
Unburnt areas around the edges of a brush fire.
Demob
Demobilization, or, a crew being removed from working a fire.
Direct attack
Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel, such as wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating the burning from the unburned fuel.
Dozer line
Fireline constructed by the front blade of a bulldozer or any tracked vehicle with a front-mounted blade used for exposing mineral soil. Also catline
Drafting
Using a suction pump to lift water from below the pump, using a semi-rigid suction hose, typically to fill a portable reservoir that has other suction pumps (to relay) or siphon hoses running downhill to their nozzles.
Drip torch
A hand-carried fire-starting device filled with flammable liquid that is poured across a flaming wick, dropping flaming liquid onto the fuels to be burned.
Duff
Layer of decaying forest litter consisting of organics such as needles, leaves, plant and tree materials covering the mineral soil. Duff can smolder for days after a fire. Extinguishing smoldering duff is key to successful mop-up operations.
Dead out
When a fire is completely out, with no smoldering or burning areas. (This is different from contained)
E[edit]
Engine
Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping, water, and hose capacity but with less than the specified level of personnel.
Engine crew
A number of personnel trained to respond to incidents using an engine. Typically much smaller than a hand crew.
Escape fire
An intentionally started fire, ignited by a fire crew, usually in a grassland environment, to escape a dangerous situation.
Escaped fire
A fire, which has exceeded or is expected to exceed initial attack capabilities or prescription.
Extended attack
Situation in which a fire cannot be controlled by initial attack resources within a reasonable period of time. Committing additional resources within 24 hours after commencing suppression action will usually control the fire.
F[edit]
Fire behavior
The manner in which a fire reacts to the influences of fuel, weather, and topography.
Fire camp
Temporary camp established at large fires to provide food, rest, and other necessities to fire crews.
Fire cycle
Fire danger
Fire ecology
A scientific discipline/branch of ecology concerned with interactions between abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems, the role of fire as an ecosystem process, and its ecological effects on vegetation, plant communities, soils, wildlife, and landscapes.
Fire edge
The boundary of a fire at a given moment.
Fire fighting foam
The aerated solution created by forcing air into, or entraining air in water containing a foam concentrate by means of suitably designed equipment or by cascading it through the air at a high velocity. Foam reduces combustion by cooling, moistening and excluding oxygen.
Fire lookout tower
A structure located at a high vantage point to house and protect the person performing the duties of a fire lookout.
Fire lookout
A person that keeps an eye for possible fire starts and conditions. They can work in a fire lookout tower or perform the duty as a role for a fire crew on the fireline.
Fire rake
A rake with sharpened teeth instead of blades, for raking a Firebreak.
Fire retardant
Any substance (except plain water) that by chemical or physical actions reduces flammability of fuels or slows their rate of combustion. See retardant slurry, AFFF, and foam for examples.
Fire risk
Fire shelter
An aluminized tent offering protection by means of reflecting radiant heat and providing a volume of breathable air in a fire entrapment situation. Carried as a safety tool, fire shelters are only used in life-threatening situations, as a last resort, as severe burns and asphyxiation often result.
Fire shirt
Distinctive yellow shirts made of Nomex or other lightweight materials of low combustibility, used as uniform PPE of wildland firefighters, and more recently available in other colors.
Fire trail
Australian term for fireroad; a road built specifically for access for fire management purposes.
Fire weather
Weather conditions that affect fire vulnerability, fire behavior and suppression.
Fire whirl
A tornado-like vortex that forms from the stretching of vorticity due to the interaction of air flowing towards and upwards in a fire.
Fire-return interval
Fireline handbook
A small red booklet carried by U.S. firefighters on the firelines, as a quick reference on various firefighting topics.
Fireline
The part of a control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil. Also called fire trail. More generally, working a fire is called being on the fireline. May also refer to a wet line, where water has been used to create a burn boundary in light fuels such as grass.
Firestorm
Extreme fire behavior indicated by widespread in-drafts and a tall column of smoke and flame, where added air increases fire intensity, creating runaway fire growth.
Firebreak
A natural or constructed barrier used to stop or check fires that may occur, or to provide a control line from which to work.
Flanks of a fire
The parts of a fire’s spread perimeter that grow to the sides then run roughly parallel to the main direction of spread. Separated flank heads are extremely dangerous in steep terrain.
Flare-up
Any sudden acceleration in rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Unlike blowups, a flare-up is of relatively short duration and does not radically change existing control plans.
Flash fuels
Fuels such as grass, leaves, draped pine needles, fern, tree moss and some kinds of slash, which ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry.
Fuel load
The mass of combustible materials available for a fire usually expressed as weight of fuel per unit area (e.g., 20 tons per acre).
Fuel moisture
Percentage of water content of vegetation, an important factor in rate of spread, ranging from dead-fuel and fine-fuel moisture (FFM), of 10 percent or less, to live-fuel moisture (LFM), of 60 percent or more. FFM can be estimated by weighing calibrated wood sticks.
Fuel type
An identifiable association of fuel elements of distinctive species, form, size, arrangement, or other characteristics that will cause a predictable rate of spread or resistance to control under specified weather conditions.
Fuelbreak
A natural or artificial change in fuel characteristics which affect fire behavior so that fires burning into them can be more readily controlled.
G[edit]
Ground fire
Fire that consumes the organic material beneath the surface litter ground, such as peat fire.
H[edit]
Hand crew
A number of individuals that have been organized and trained and are supervised principally for operational assignments on an incident, typically using hand tools. In the United States, an ordinary hand crew is 20 in number, including supervisors.
Hazard reduction
Precautionary controlled and managed fire lit during cooler and wetter weather in order to reduce the available fuel load. Sometimes incorrectly called a backburn
Head of a fire
The most rapidly spreading portion of a fire’s perimeter, usually to the leeward or up slope; may have multiple heads if there are separated flanking fires.
Heavy fuels
Fuels of large diameter such as snags, logs, large limb wood, which ignite and are consumed more slowly than flash fuels.
Helispot
A natural or improved takeoff and landing area intended for temporary or occasional helicopter use, typically in remote areas without other access.
Helitack
A fire crew trained to use helicopters for initial attack, and to support large fires through bucket drops and the movement of personnel, equipment and supplies. Another primary function of helitack is jumper support and retrieval.
Hose pack
A general term covering all types of hose configurations a person would carry to deploy.
Hose Vacuum
A small pneumatic vacuum generator that removes air from the inside of a fire hose making it smaller and firm, it is therefore easier to pack and takes up less space.
Hot spot
A particularly active part of a fire
Hotshot crew
Intensively trained fire crew used primarily in hand line construction, and organized primarily to travel long distances from fire to fire as needed rather than serving only one location.
I[edit]
Incident Command System (ICS)
System first developed to provide a command structure to manage large wildfires in the United States, now widely used by many emergency management agencies.
Incident Qualification Card
Credentials issued to qualified firefighters listing their qualifications and specialties, commonly called a Red Card. These certifications must be renewed annually.
Indian pump
Water vessel carried on one's back, either a rigid can or collapsible bag, with a hose and telescoping squirt pump. Contains five US gallons, and is used on hot spots and during mop-up. Also called a bladder bag (if collapsible), piss pump, or fedco. Of uncertain utility in active crown fires.
Indirect attack
A method of suppression in which the control line is located some considerable distance away from the fire’s active edge. Generally done in the case of a fast-spreading or high-intensity fire and to utilize natural or constructed firebreaks fuel breaks and favorable breaks in the topography. The intervening fuel is usually backfired; but occasionally the main fire is allowed to burn to the line, depending on conditions.
Infrared (IR) detector
A heat detection system used for fire detection, mapping, and hotspot identification.
Initial attack
The actions taken by the first resources to arrive at a wildfire to protect lives and property, and prevent further extension of the fire. Usually done by trained and experienced crews and takes place immediately after size-up.
Interface zone
Where urban firefighting meets wildland firefighting. Structures at the edges of wildlands are threatened and require skills and equipment of both disciplines.
Into the black
Moving from outside the fire front to inside the burned area, which is sometimes the safest place to be in a flare-up.
J[edit]
Jumper
See Smokejumper
K[edit]
Knock down
To reduce the flame or heat on the more vigorously burning parts of a fire edge, usually by cooling with dirt, water or other retardant.
L[edit]
Ladder fuels
Flammable vegetation that helps a ground fire move into the canopy.
LACES
Firefighter safety mnemonic for lookout, awareness OR anchor point, communications, escape routes, safety zones.
Lead plane
Aircraft with pilot used to make trial runs over a target area to check wind, smoke conditions, topography and to lead air tankers to targets and supervise their drops.
Let-burn policy
Administrative decision to defer fire suppression, perhaps because of wilderness and long-term forest conservation considerations.
Light 'em, fight 'em
Derogatory term for wildland crew with a reputation for igniting its prescribed burns carelessly.
Line firing
Activity related to burn out along a fireline, using drip torches, fusees or other flammable materials.
Litter (forest litter)
Surface buildup of leaves and twigs.
Logging slash or logging debris
Tops, stumps, mill ends, limbs left by logging operations. May be beneficial to soil stability, but can dry out and create heavy fuel load hazards.
Longline
Helicopter arrangement for lowering external loads (or removing loads) into areas not available for landing, using a long cable suspended from a hard point on the belly of the aircraft.
Lookouts
1. Safety personnel positioned to monitor the location and behavior of a fire, ready to signal a crew to escape
2. #Fire lookout tower or fire tower, often on mountain-tops, for viewing the surrounding countryside and watching for signs of fire
3. #Fire lookout, the person who works in the fire lookout tower
4. The L of #LCES safety mnemonic
M[edit]
McLeod
Hand tool used in fireline construction, consisting of a combination rake and hoe.
Mop-up
Extinguishing or removing burning material near control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke.
Mutual aid
Cross-jurisdictional assistance with emergency services by pre-arranged agreement.
N[edit]
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Fire and safety standards organization; issues various wildfire-oriented standards related to clothing, tactics, equipment, etc.
National Hose (NH)
National Standard Thread (NST) design of threaded couplings used on fire hose in various diameters; incompatible with many types of wildfire hose threads, thus requiring adapters.
National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)
Coordination facility in Boise, Idaho, operated by several U.S. agencies to provide logistics, weather information and resource coordination for wildfire suppression across the U.S. (formerly BIFC).
Nomex
Brand of approved, fire retardant, synthetic, aramid cloth and thread used in personal protective equipment for wildland firefighting, and jumpsuits.
National Wildfire Coordinating Group
Coordination agency located in Washington, D.C. which sets national standards for firefighter training and publishes training manuals.
NFDRS (National Fire Danger Rating System)
Used in the United States to provide a measure of the relative seriousness of burning conditions and threat of fire.
O[edit]
One-hour fuel
Vegetation with large surface-to-mass ratio, a so-called fine fuel (along with 10-hour) that quickly reaches critical (inflammable) moisture levels (fine fuel moisture, FFM) when exposed to heat; compare with 100-hour or 1000-hour fuels (i.e., live fuel moisture, LFM), which take much more heat to ignite.
Overhead
Personnel assigned to supervisory positions, including incident commander, command staff, general staff, branch directors, supervisors, unit leaders, managers, and staff. Also may be organized according to qualifications and experience, as type I overhead team, and the like. Many positions, functions and interactions of wildfire overhead organizations provided the model for today's incident command systems in the United States.
P[edit]
Palmer drought severity index (PDI)
Technique for measuring impact of soil moisture changes on vegetation, for predicting fire danger and fire behavior.
Parallel attack
Fire containment method where crews construct a fireline at some distance from the edge of the fire (e.g., 100 yards) and then burn out the fuel in the buffer as the fireline is completed.
Perennial grasses
An extremely volatile fuel, after curing, in May, June, and July, which can lead to large, fast fires that may reach larger fuels.
Point of origin
An element of fire behavior, indicating where a fire began, supporting further analysis of where the fire went or will go; evidence of specific origin is often obscured or destroyed by suppression tactics.
Prescribed burn
Deliberately ignited fire for the purpose of forest or prairie management, often to remove heavy fuel buildup or simulate natural cycles of fire in an ecosystem. Also called controlled burns, even if it becomes uncontrollable.
Progressive hose lay
A method of deploying hoses along firelines during suppression and as they are built and reinforced, typically using 1½-inch supply lines, gated wyes and 1-inch lateral lines with nozzles (or spigot valves) every 100 feet or so. As the line progresses, more hoses and valves are added.
Project fire
Any large fire requiring extensive management and the establishment of a temporary infrastructure to support firefighting efforts, such as fire camps.
Pulaski
Combination axe and grub hoe tool with a straight handle, used for building handline. Also known as P-tool
R[edit]
Rapeller
Crew of specialist firefighters who are trained to access a fire area by sliding down ropes suspended from a hovering helicopter. Also used for delivering wilderness first aid if a rapeller is an EMT.
Reburn
(1) repeat burning of an area over which a fire has previously passed, but left fuel that later ignites when burning conditions are more favorable; (2) an area that has re-burned.
Red card
See Incident Qualification Card.
Red-flag day
Weather conditions creating a critical fire hazard, may require closing the forest to non-emergency activities in order to minimize the risk of accidental wildland fires.
S[edit]
S-130/S-190
The basic wildland fire training course given to all U.S. firefighters before they can work on the fire lines.
Safety zone
An area cleared of flammable material used for escape in the event the line is outflanked or in case a spot fire causes fuels outside the control line to render the line unsafe. In firing operations, crews progress so as to maintain a safety zone close at hand allowing the fuels inside the control line to be consumed before going ahead. Safety zones may also be constructed as integral parts of fuel breaks; they are greatly enlarged areas which can be used with relative safety by firefighters and their equipment in the event of blowup in the vicinity.
Sawyer
Chainsaw crew, may also include fallers or fellers who are qualified to cut down trees or snags, perhaps while the tree or snag is burning.
Secondary line
Any fireline constructed at a distance from the fire perimeter concurrently with or after a line already constructed on or near to the perimeter of the fire. Generally constructed as an insurance measure in case the fire escapes control by the primary line.
SEAT
Single engine air tanker - small agricultural aircraft converted for use on fires, predominantly during the initial attack phase.
Size-up
Initial assessment of fire including fuel load, weather, topography, fire behavior, hazards and exposures of valuable properties. Quickly detects needs for additional resources and sets operational priorities.
Skidder unit
Pre-configured tank, pump, hose for attachment to a logging skidder (large four-wheel-drive tractor with a dozer blade, winch or grapple) to be carried to a fireline.
Slash
Debris resulting from such natural events as wind, fire, or snow breakage; or such human activities as road construction, logging, pruning, thinning, or brush cutting. It includes logs, chunks, bark, branches, stumps, and broken under-story trees or brush. See also logging slash
Sling load
Cargo net containing supplies or equipment delivered by longline below a helicopter.
Slopover
Fire spreading outside the boundaries of a control line.
Slug
Humorous pejorative term for those believed to not be doing their share of work.
Slurry bomber
See #airtanker
Smokechaser
Colloquial term for a wildland firefighter. Now mostly archaic, except in Minnesota where state department of natural resources firefighters are officially known by that name.
Smokejumper
A specifically trained and certified firefighter who travels to remote wildfires by fixed-wing aircraft and parachutes into a jump spot - that may include trees - close to the fire.
Smoldering
A fire burning without flame and barely spreading.
Snag
A dead standing tree that can be hazardous.
Spike camp
Remote camp usually near a fireline, and lacking the logistical support that a larger fire camp would have.
Spotting
Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new fires (spot fires) beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire. A cascade of spot fires can cause a blowup.
Strike team
Specified combinations of the same kind and type of resources, with communications, and a leader.
Suppression
All the work of extinguishing or confining a fire beginning with its discovery.
Suppression crew (also "Soup Crew")
Two or more firefighters stationed at a strategic location for initial action on fires. Duties are essentially the same as those of individual firefighters; often organized into 20-person crews, including supervisors, for simplified logistics and operations.
Surface fire
Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, which include dead branches, blowdown timber, leaves, and low vegetation, as contrasted with crown fire.
T[edit]
Task force
Any combination of resources assembled for a particular tactical need, with common communications and a leader. A task force may be pre-established and sent to an incident, or formed at an incident.
Tree jump
A smokejumper can sometimes parachute into a tree canopy if a clearing is not available or suitable.
Torching
Not to be confused with crowning, is when a single or small group of trees go up in flames. Torching and group torching are more of a nuisance whereas crown fire is of much greater concern.
Turn around
A widened part of a fire break used for turning vehicles around, also used as a safe area during entrapment.
Type I engine
A fire engine designed primarily for fighting fires in structures accessible from roads.
Type II engine
A fire engine designed to carry and pump water for use in fire suppression. Also known as a tender or water tender.
Type III engine
A fire engine designed primarily for fighting wildland fires. These engines are usually able to traverse more rugged terrain than type I and type II engines.
U[edit]
Understory burn
A controlled burn of fuels below the forest canopy, intended to remove fuels from on-coming or potential fires.
Urban interface
The interface zone where man-made structures inter-mingle with wildlands, creating risk of structural involvement in a wildland fire incident and wildland fire involvement in structure fires, each of which requires different equipment, training and tactics.
W[edit]
Watch out situations
A list of 18 situations for firefighters to be aware of, which signal potential hazards on the fire line; originated from analysis of generations of similar incidents.
Water tender
Any ground vehicle capable of transporting specified quantities of water.
Wet line
Temporary control line using water or other fire retardant liquid to prevent a low-intensity fire from spreading in surface fuels or to knock down a more intense fire.
Widowmaker
Any branch or treetop that is poorly or no longer attached to a tree, but still tangled overhead.
Wildfire
An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire, including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, lightning strikes, downed power lines, and all other wildland fires where the objective is to put the fire out.
Wildland
An area in which development is essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railroads, power lines, and similar transportation facilities. Structures, if any, are widely scattered.
Wildland fire engine
Fire apparatus specialized for accessing wildland fires with water, equipment and small crew. Size and agility of these units may also be useful for other urban missions.
Wildland fire use fires (WFU fires)
Naturally-ignited wildland controlled burns that are managed for the purposes of achieving specific previously-defined resource management objectives.[3]
Windfall
Trees knocked over or broken off by wind, increasing fuel loading and hampers building fireline. Also sometimes called blowdown. Large, unmanaged ares of dense blowdown can create serious fire hazards once the larger fuels become dry.
See also[edit]
List of basic firefighting topics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Glossary of Firefighting Terms from an Air National Guard website
Jump up ^ Glossary of Firefighting Terms 2006 from USDA National Wildfire Coordinating Group
Jump up ^ Fire Use from a U.S. Forest Service website
[hide]
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Firefighting
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