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The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981
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The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981
Tour by The Rolling Stones
Associated album
Tattoo You
Start date
25 September 1981
End date
19 December 1981
Legs
1
No. of shows
50
Box office
US $52 million (US$134,590,044 in 2017 dollars[1])
The Rolling Stones concert chronology
US Tour
1978
American Tour
1981
European Tour
1982
The Rolling Stones' American Tour 1981 was a concert tour of stadiums and arenas in the United States to promote the album Tattoo You. It was the largest grossing tour of 1981 with $50 million in ticket sales. Roughly three million concert goers attended the concerts, setting various ticket sales records.[2] The 5 December show in New Orleans set an indoor concert attendance record which stood for 33 years.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Personnel
2.1 The Rolling Stones
2.2 Additional musicians
3 Set list
4 Worcester show
5 Irregular songs
6 Tour dates
7 References
History[edit]
Initially, lead singer Mick Jagger was not interested in another tour, but guitarists Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood were, as were elements of the press and public, and Jagger eventually relented.[3] As with previous tours, the American Tour 1981 was promoted by Bill Graham.
The band rehearsed for the tour at Long View Farm, North Brookfield, Massachusetts, from August 14 to September 25, 1981.[4] The Stones pre-opened the tour with a warm-up show at the Sir Morgan's Cove club in Worcester, Massachusetts on 14 September.[5] Though billed as Little Boy Blue & The Cockroaches, word got out and some 11,000 fans pushed and shoved outside the 300-person venue.[5] The Mayor of Boston Kevin H. White stopped the notion of any further public rehearsals, saying "The appearance here of Mr. Jagger is not necessarily in the public interest."[5]
The tour's elaborate and colorful stage was the work of Japanese designer Kazuhide Yamazaki.[6] According to Mick Jagger, "Most concerts that took place outdoors at the time were played during the day, probably because it was cheaper, I don't know. So we had the bright, bright primary colors... and we had these enormous images of a guitar, a car and a record—an Americana idea—which worked very well for afternoon shows."[6] Most shows later in the tour featured a cherry picker and the release of hundreds of balloons at the show's end.[7] During the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum[8] stops on the tour, the band played a Friday and Sunday show and USC had a football game in between on Saturday. As a televised football game, viewers could see the full stage set-up and often field goals would land on stage at the East end zone. Two of the three opening bands, George Thorogood, and The J Geils Band were received well, but the third act, a still somewhat unknown Prince barely got through three songs before being booed off the stage.[9]
The 1981 Tour was the largest grossing tour of not only 1981, but for several years to come. The tour grossed $50 million in ticket sales when the average ticket price was $16. Roughly three million concert goers attended the concerts. The Stones set many ticket sales records that remain to this day unbroken. The ticket sales for Philadelphia's JFK Stadium shows received nearly 4 million request via post cards for tickets (a ticket selling method used at the time to prevent scalping); requests for the five arena shows in the New York metropolitan area were in the millions.[2] The New York Times stated that, "The tour is expected to be the most profitable in the history of rock & roll; its sheer size has been staggering...ticket requests for these shows ran into the millions..."[2] The tour indeed did turn out to be profitable: the Stones were estimated to have reaped about $22 million after expenses.[10]
The 1981 Tour also was an early milestone for the rock tour industry by selling advertising rights to Jōvan Musk.[11] Jōvan paid $1 million to put their name on Rolling Stones tickets.[12] This attracted considerable attention in the business media, as Jōvan's image of a pleasant fragrance was at complete odds with the Stones' bad boys image.[13] But the Stones behaved well on tour, and rock tour corporate sponsorships soon became the norm.[13]
In another marketing first, the 18 December performance at Virginia's Hampton Coliseum[14] was broadcast as "The World's Greatest Rock'n'Roll Party", on pay-per-view and in closed circuit cinemas.[15] It was the first such use of pay-per-view for a music event. Guitarist Keith Richards memorably hit a manic fan who ran onstage with his guitar.
Another notable performance during the tour was the 14 December performance at Kansas City's Kemper Arena. Previous Stones lead guitarist Mick Taylor joined the band for a large part of the performance.[15] Ronnie Wood was not happy with Taylor's appearance, however: "[He was] bulldozing through parts of songs that should have been subtle, ignoring breaks and taking uninvited solos."[10] Other guests during the tour were Tina Turner (who would sing "Honky Tonk Women"), Chuck Leavell, Tower of Power and Sugar Blue.[15]
In general, there was less backstage madness on the 1981 Tour than on many previous outings.[2] This was largely due to Keith Richards having overcome his well-known drugs and alcohol problems;[2] The New York Times wrote of Richards that, "He looks healthy, he is playing brilliantly and his backup vocals are often so lusty that they drown out Mr. Jagger, who is working harder to hold up his end of things as result."[2] On the other hand, this and 1982 tour were the Rolling Stones last tours when Richards contributed the majority of backup vocals; for the future tours, additional backup singers would be invited.
Several of the concerts throughout the tour were captured and selected songs were released on the 1982 live album Still Life.[16] A Hal Ashby-directed concert film was also made from the tour, Let's Spend the Night Together, which grossed $50 million.[16] Possibly due to the film most of the shows on this tour ended up being professionally recorded. To bootleggers there are currently 35 of the regular 50 shows from this tour in which more than half of the concert is available directly from the soundboard.
This was the last tour of the United States the Stones would do until 1989.
Personnel[edit]
The Rolling Stones[edit]
Mick Jagger – lead vocals, guitar
Keith Richards – guitar, vocals
Ronnie Wood – guitar, backing vocals
Bill Wyman – bass
Charlie Watts – drums
Additional musicians[edit]
Lee Allen – saxophone (October 1, Rockford, Illinois, and on October 3 and 4 at Folsom Field, in Boulder, Colorado)
Ian Stewart – piano
Ian McLagan – keyboards, backing vocals
Ernie Watts – saxophone
Bobby Keys – saxophone (on 'Let it Bleed', 'Brown Sugar' and 'Honky Tonk Women')
Repetto Alejandro – coro
Set list[edit]
The usual set list was:[15]
"Under My Thumb"
"When the Whip Comes Down"
"Let's Spend the Night Together"
"Shattered"
"Neighbours"
"Black Limousine"
"Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)"
"Down The Road Apiece" (played 26–27 September; 3, 5 & 9 November)
"Mona" (played only 26 September)
"Twenty-Flight Rock"
"Going to a Go-Go" (first played in Louisville, Kentucky, November 3)
"Let Me Go"
"Time Is on My Side"
"Beast of Burden"
"Waiting on a Friend"
"Let It Bleed"
"Tops" (Played 25 & 27 September, and 3 October)
"You Can't Always Get What You Want"
"Little T&A"
"Tumbling Dice"
"She's So Cold"
"All Down The Line" (Only Played 18 Times)
"Hang Fire"
"Star Star" (Only Played 10 Times)
"Miss You"
"Honky Tonk Women"
"Brown Sugar"
"Start Me Up"
"Jumpin' Jack Flash"
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (played 25 September; 3 & 11 October until end of tour) [encore]
"Street Fighting Man" (played from 25 September-9 October and 26 October) [encore]
For the first dozen or so shows most of the set list was moved around to find the most comfortable feel for the concerts.
Worcester show[edit]
"Everybody Needs Somebody to Love"
"Mona (I Need You Baby)"
"Under My Thumb"
"When The Whip Comes Down"
"Shattered"
"Neighbours"
"Down the Road Apiece"
"Let It Bleed"
"I Just Want To Make Love To You"
"She's So Cold"
"Hang Fire"
"All Down The Line"
"Honky Tonk Women"
"Start Me Up"
"Sympathy for the Devil"
"Jumpin' Jack Flash"
Irregular songs[edit]
Beyond the first five shows "Tops" and "Mona" were not played (though neither were ever played on the same night, they did not occupy the same location in the set list). Up until the shows in New Jersey "Down the Road Apiece" and "Street Fighting Man" both made a few appearances. "Star Star" was added into the set for every gig in between and including Boulder and both Orlando shows (with the sole exception of the second show in Boulder). "All Down the Line" was played 18 times in the first 24 regular gigs. The six exclusions were the first 4 regular shows and the 2 first shows in November.[7]
Tour dates[edit]
Date
City
Country
Venue
Tickets Sold/Available
Box Office
North America
25 September 1981 Philadelphia United States John F. Kennedy Stadium 181,564 / 181,564 (100%) $2,859,633[17]
26 September 1981
27 September 1981 Orchard Park Rich Stadium 75,000 / 75,000 (100%) $1,125,000[18]
1 October 1981 Rockford Rockford MetroCentre — —
3 October 1981 Boulder Folsom Field 120,000 / 120,000 (100%) $1,920,000[18]
4 October 1981
7 October 1981 San Diego Jack Murphy Stadium 70,000 / 70,000 (100%) $1,050,000[19]
9 October 1981 Los Angeles Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum — —
11 October 1981
14 October 1981 Seattle Kingdome — —
15 October 1981
17 October 1981 San Francisco Candlestick Park 135,000 / 135,000 (100%) $2,092,500[20]
18 October 1981
24 October 1981 Orlando Tangerine Bowl 121,000 / 121,000 (100%) $1,887,600[20]
25 October 1981
26 October 1981 Atlanta Fox Theatre — —
28 October 1981 Houston Astrodome 65,000 / 65,000 (100%) $1,202,500[21]
29 October 1981
31 October 1981 Dallas Cotton Bowl 156,000 / 156,000 (100%) $2,695,332[21]
1 November 1981
3 November 1981 Louisville Freedom Hall 18,210 / 18,210 (100%) $287,540[22]
5 November 1981 East Rutherford Brendan Byrne Arena 61,035 / 61,035 (100%) $943,782[22]
6 November 1981
7 November 1981
9 November 1981 Hartford Hartford Civic Center — —
10 November 1981
12 November 1981 New York City Madison Square Garden — —
13 November 1981
16 November 1981 Cleveland Richfield Coliseum — —
17 November 1981
19 November 1981 St. Louis Checkerdome 18,770 / 18,770 (100%) $302,313[23]
20 November 1981 Cedar Falls UNI-Dome 24,000 / 24,000 (100%) $368,156[23]
21 November 1981 Saint Paul St. Paul Civic Center — —
23 November 1981 Rosemont Rosemont Horizon 55,230 / 55,230 (100%) $822,740[23]
24 November 1981
25 November 1981
27 November 1981 Syracuse Carrier Dome — —
28 November 1981
30 November 1981 Pontiac Pontiac Silverdome 152,696 / 152,696 (100%) $2,290,000[23]
1 December 1981
5 December 1981 New Orleans Louisiana Superdome 87,500 / 87,500 (100%) $1,531,250[24]
7 December 1981 Landover Capital Centre 54,765 / 54,765 (100%) $876,826
8 December 1981
9 December 1981
11 December 1981 Lexington Rupp Arena — —
13 December 1981 Tempe Sun Devil Stadium 74,637 / 74,637 (100%) $1,287,488[25]
14 December 1981 Kansas City Kemper Arena — —
15 December 1981
18 December 1981 Hampton Hampton Coliseum — —
19 December 1981
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Robert Palmer (1981-11-04). "The Stones Roll On, Refusing to Become Show-Business Slick". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Sandford, Christopher (2003). Mick Jagger: Rebel Knight. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9833-7. p. 276.
Jump up ^ http://www.nzentgraf.de/books/tcw/1981.htm
^ Jump up to: a b c Sandford, Mick Jagger: Rebel Knight, p. 278.
^ Jump up to: a b Loewenstein, Dora; Philip Dodd (2003). According to the Rolling Stones. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-4060-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Robert Palmer (1981-11-14). "Rock: Rolling Stones". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ http://framework.latimes.com/2016/02/23/1981-rolling-stones-concert-at-the-coliseum/#/0
Jump up ^ "Rolling Stones Open 2-Day Stand In LA", Oxnard (CA) Press-Courier, 10 October 1981, p3
^ Jump up to: a b Sandford, Mick Jagger: Rebel Knight, p. 282.
Jump up ^ Peter Newcomb (1989-10-02). "Satisfaction Guaranteed". Forbes.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Reuven (1987). Rivalry: In Business, Science, Among Nations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38584-9. p. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b Jacobson, Michael F.; Laurie Ann Mazur (1995). Marketing Madness: A Survival Guide for a Consumer Society. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1981-1. p. 107.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFPh5PL2c8Y
^ Jump up to: a b c d "American Tour 1981". Rocks Off Setlists. Retrieved 2006-07-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Rolling Stones: Biography". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine. Google Books: Billboard Magazine. 10 October 1981.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Magazine. Google Books: Billboard Magazine. 17 October 1981.
Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine. 24 October 1981 – via Google Books.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Magazine. Google Books: Billboard Magazine. 7 November 1981.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Magazine. Google Books: Billboard Magazine. 14 November 1981.
^ Jump up to: a b Billboard Magazine. 21 November 1981 – via Google Books.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Billboard Magazine. 12 December 1981 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine. Google Books: Billboard Magazine. 19 December 1981.
Jump up ^ Billboard Magazine. 26 December 1981 – via Google Books.
[hide]
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The Rolling Stones
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Video releases
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Stones at the Max (1992)
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25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones (1989)
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Stones in Exile (2010)
Crossfire Hurricane (2012)
Olé Olé Olé!: A Trip Across Latin America (2017)
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Zip Code Tour
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List of countries by age at first marriage
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
This is a list of countries by age at first marriage. Definition of marriage is the legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship (historically and in some jurisdictions specifically a union between a man and a woman)[1]. Marriage is a legally recognized union between two partners in a relationship. The average age to first get married varies from one country to another and is affected by several factors such as financial stability, career, academic pursuit, and family background.[2] This list is current from the most recent surveys and does not treat the topic in history.
Because the age distribution of people at first marriage is skewed with a longer tail towards older ages,[3] the majority of people marry before the average age of first marriage. The median age is a more precise representation of when the majority of people marry, however, for most reporting sources, only the average age at marriage is reported.
Some countries have most recent and updated census while other countries haven't been updated since the 1990s.
Contents
1 Africa
2 Americas
3 Asia
4 Europe
5 Oceania
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Africa[edit]
Country
Men
Women
Average
Age Gap
Year
Source
Algeria 33.5 27.8 30.7 5.7 2006 [4]
Angola 24.7 21.4 23.1 3.3 2001 [5]
Benin[a] 23.8 18.7 21.3 5.1 2006 [5]
Burkina Faso[a] 24.3 17.9 21.1 6.4 2010 [5]
Burundi[a] 23.6 20.3 22 3.3 2010 [5]
Cape Verde[a] 26.2 21.5 23.9 4.7 2010 [5]
Cameroon[a] 25.8 19.0 22.4 6.8 2011 [5]
Central African Republic[a] 23.3 17.4 20.4 5.9 1994-1995 [5]
Chad[a] 22.4 16.0 19.2 6.4 2004 [5]
Comoros[a] 25.6 20.4 23 5.2 1996 [5]
Congo[a] 25.1 21.0 23.1 4.1 2009 [5]
Ivory Coast[a] 26.7 19.5 23.1 7.2 2005 [5]
Democratic Republic of the Congo[a] 24.2 19.0 21.6 5.2 2007 [5]
Egypt 33.6 27.9 30.8 5.7 1996 [6]
Eritrea[a] 24.7 17.4 21.1 7.3 1995 [5]
Ethiopia[a] 23.9 17.4 20.7 6.5 2011 [5]
Gabon[a] 24.7 20.4 22.6 4.3 2000 [5]
Ghana[a] 25.7 21.0 23.4 4.7 2008 [5]
Guinea[a] 24.6 16.5 20.6 8.1 2005 [5]
Kenya[a] 24.8 20.2 22.5 4.6 2008-2009 [5]
Lesotho[a] 25.5 20.9 23.2 4.6 2009 [5]
Liberia[a] 23.4 18.9 21.2 4.5 2007 [5]
Libya 32.0 29.2 30.6 2.8 1995 [6]
Madagascar[a] 22.3 18.4 20.4 3.9 2008 [5]
Malawi[a] 22.3 17.9 20.1 4.4 2010 [5]
Mali[a] 24.1 16.7 20.4 7.4 2006 [5]
Mauritania[a] 27.1 19.0 23.1 8.1 2000-2001 [5]
Mauritius 29.8 25.4 27.6 4.4 2000 [5]
Morocco 34.3 29.8 32.1 4.5 1994 [6]
Mozambique[a] 21.7 17.5 19.6 4.2 2009 [5]
Namibia[a] 31.7 29.2 30.5 2.5 2006-2007 [5]
Niger[a] 23.1 15.7 19.4 7.4 2006 [5]
Nigeria[a] 26.9 19.3 23.1 7.6 2008 [5]
Rwanda[a] 24.8 20.6 22.7 4.2 2010 [5]
São Tomé and Príncipe[a] 23.8 18.8 21.3 5 2008-2009 [5]
Senegal[a] 28.9 19.9 24.4 9 2010-2011 [5]
Sierra Leone[a] 24.4 17.1 20.8 7.3 2008 [5]
South Africa[b] 32.0 29.0 30.5 3 2008 [5]
Sudan 29.1 22.7 25.9 6.4 1993 [6]
Uganda[a] 22.4 18.2 20.3 4.2 2011 [5]
Tanzania[a] 23.8 18.9 21.4 4.9 2010 [5]
Zambia[a] 23.7 18.7 21.2 5 2007 [5]
Zimbabwe[a] 24.6 19.9 22.3 4.7 2010-2011 [5]

Americas[edit]
Country
Men
Women
Average
Age Gap
Year
Source
Brazil 30 27 28.5 3 2013 [7]
Canada 31.0 29.6 30.3 1.4 2008 [8]
Chile 35.3 32.6 34 2.7 2013 [9]
Mexico 29 26 27.5 3 2011 [10]
United States 29.2 27.1 28.2 2.1 2015 [11]
Asia[edit]
Country
Men
Women
Average
Age Gap
Year
Source
Armenia 29.4 26.3 27.9 3.1 2014 [5]
Bangladesh[a] 23.8 16.0 19.9 7.8 2011 [5]
Cambodia[a] 23.4 21.0 22.2 2.4 2010 [5]
China 27.1 24.9 26 2.2 2017 [12]
Hong Kong 31.2 28.9 30.1 2.3 2011 [13]
India 26.0 22.2 24.1 3.8 2011 [14]
Indonesia 25.7 22.3 24 3.4 2010 [15]
Iran 27.4 23.8 25.6 3.6 2015 [16]
Iraq 26.2 21.9 24.1 4.3 2016 [17]
Israel 31.5 28.4 30 3.1 2010 [5]
Japan 30.9 29.3 30.1 1.6 2013 [18]
Jordan 28.7 23.8 26.3 4.9 2010 [19]
Kazakhstan[a] 26.9 24.3 25.6 2.6 2010 [5]
Kyrgyzstan 26.9 23.5 25.2 3.4 2010 [5]
Lebanon 32.8 28.8 30.8 4 2006 [20]
Malaysia 28 25.7 26.9 2.3 2010 [21]
Maldives[a] 24.1 21.6 22.9 2.5 2009 [5]
Mongolia[a] 26.2 24.2 25.2 2 2010 [22]
Myanmar[a] 24.0 20.5 22.3 3.5 2007 [5]
Nepal[a] 22.1 17.9 20 4.2 2011 [5]
Pakistan[a] 21.8 20.3 21.1 1.5 2006-2007 [5]
Palestine[c] 25.4 20.1 22.8 5.3 2010 [5]
Philippines 28.0 25.3 26.7 2.7 2011 [23]
Singapore 30.1 27.9 29 2.2 2014 [24]
South Korea 32.6 30.0 31.3 2.6 2015 [25]
Taiwan 32.0 29.7 30.9 2.3 2014 [26]
Tajikistan 26.3 22.5 24.4 3.8 2010 [5]
Thailand[a] 24.4 21.0 22.7 3.4 2010 [5]
Timor-Leste[a] 25.0 20.6 22.8 4.4 2009-2010 [5]
Turkmenistan 24.6 23.3 24 1.3 2006 [5]
Uzbekistan 25.2 22.4 23.8 2.8 2006 [27]
Vietnam 26.2 22.8 24.5 3.4 2009 [28]
Europe[edit]
Average age at first marriage. Darker is younger
Country
Men
Women
Average
Age Gap
Year
Source
Albania 29.5 24 26.8 5.5 2014 [27]
Austria 32.6 30.3 31.5 2.3 2015 [27]
Azerbaijan 27.6 23.7 25.7 3.9 2014 [27]
Armenia 29.4 26.3 27.9 3.1 2014 [27]
Belarus 27.4 25.3 26.4 2.1 2014 [27]
Belgium 32.3 30 31.2 2.3 2015 [27]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 29.6 26.4 28 3.2 2014 [27]
Bulgaria 30.3 26.9 28.6 3.4 2014 [29]
Croatia 30.6 28.1 29.4 2.5 2014 [29]
Czech Republic 32.4 29.8 31.1 2.6 2015 [27]
Cyprus 30.8 29.0 29.9 1.8 2014 [27]
Denmark 34.5 32 33.3 2.5 2015 [27]
Estonia 31.6 29.0 30.3 2.6 2014 [29]
Finland 33.4 31.2 32.3 2.2 2015 [27]
France 33.0 30.8 31.9 2.2 2011 [30]
Georgia 29.9 26.6 28.3 3.3 2014 [27]
Germany 33.4 30.9 32.2 2.5 2014 [29]
Greece 33.0 29.9 31.5 3.1 2014 [29]
Hungary 32.1 29.3 30.7 2.8 2014 [29]
Iceland 34.6 32.7 33.7 1.9 2011 [27]
Ireland 33.9 32.3 33.1 1.6 2015 [27]
Italy 34.2 31.3 32.8 2.9 2014 [29]
Latvia 30.6 28.2 29.4 2.4 2014 [29]
Lithuania 29.7 27.3 28.5 2.4 2014 [29]
Luxembourg 33.3 31.1 32.2 2.2 2015 [27]
Macedonia 28.8 26 27.4 2.8 2014 [27]
Malta 31.6 29.2 30.4 2.4 2011 [29]
Moldova 27.0 24.0 25.5 3 2014 [27]
Montenegro 32.7 28.6 30.7 4.1 2014 [29]
Netherlands 33.5 30.9 32.2 2.6 2015 [27]
Norway 33.8 31.9 32.9 1.9 2015 [27]
Poland 29.1 26.7 27.9 2.4 2014 [29]
Portugal 32.5 31 31.8 1.5 2015 [27]
Romania 30.2 26.7 28.5 3.5 2014 [29]
Russia 27.4 24.9 26.2 2.5 2011 [31]
Serbia 31.0 28.1 29.6 2.9 2014 [29]
Slovakia 30.8 28.1 29.5 2.7 2014 [29]
Slovenia 32.2 29 30.6 3.2 2014 [29]
Spain 34.5 32.3 33.4 2.2 2014 [29]
Sweden 36 33.5 34.8 2.5 2015 [27]
Switzerland 32.5 30.1 31.3 2.4 2014 [29]
Ukraine 27.0 25.0 26 2 2013 [27]
United Kingdom 32.5 30.6 31.6 1.9 2013 [27]

Oceania[edit]
Note: the reported age for these countries is the median, not the mean (average). All countries in italics have their data in the mean and not the median.
Country
Men
Women
Median
Age Gap
Year
Source
Australia 31.8 29.8 30.8 2 2015 [32]
Kiribati[d] 23.6 20.1 21.9 3.5 2009 [33]
Marshall Islands 25.7 24.2 25 1.5 2011 [34]
F.S. Micronesia 27.5 25.5 26.5 2 2010 [35]
Nauru[e] 21.2 22.8 22.0 -1.6 2007 [36]
New Zealand 30.1 28.6 29.4 1.5 2013 [37]
Solomon Islands[e] 25.6 20.3 23.0 5.3 2007 [38]
Tonga[f] 25.0 23.6 24.3 1.4 2012 [39]
Tuvalu[e] 27.2 22.1 24.7 5.1 2007 [40]
Vanuatu[d] 24.4 20.8 22.6 3.6 2013 [41]
See also[edit]
Age of consent
Marriageable age
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Those surveyed were aged 25-29
Jump up ^ Median ages are rounded
Jump up ^ West Bank only
^ Jump up to: a b Those surveyed were aged 25+
^ Jump up to: a b c Those surveyed were aged 20-49
Jump up ^ Those surveyed were aged 25-49
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Google". google.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
Jump up ^ "The Nations Of Europe By The Average Age At First Marriage". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
Jump up ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics Family "Formation: Age at first marriage". 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Ministère de la Santé, de la Population et de la Réforme hospitalière and Office national des statistiques (December 2008). Suivi de la situation des enfants et des femmes. Enquête nationale à indicateurs multiples. Rapport principal (Report). p. 104. |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Fertility Report 2012 (PDF) (Report). United Nations publication. p. Table A.1. Retrieved 20 September 2016. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jones, Gavin W. (2005). Islam, the State and Population. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 60. ISBN 1850656673.
Jump up ^ "United Nations World Marriage Patterns 2000". United Nations.
Jump up ^ "Marital Status: Overview, 2011 (Canada)". 30 November 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.latercera.com/noticia/tendencias/2016/02/659-666529-9-edad-para-casarse-llega-a-cifra-record-ellos-lo-estan-haciendo-a-los-35-anos-y.shtml
Jump up ^ Matrimonios y divorcios (In Spanish).[not in citation given]
Jump up ^ Sheri Stritof. "Estimated Median Age of First Marriage by Gender: 1890 to 2015".
Jump up ^ http://henan.163.com/16/0105/09/BCIB5UT6022702JV.html
Jump up ^ "Population Estimates". www.censtatd.gov.hk. Census and Statistics Department. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
Jump up ^ MedIndia
Jump up ^ Age at First Marriage, Female - All Countries Quandl, Retrieved 3 July 2013
Jump up ^ Mardomsalari Archived 29 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference iraq was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan. "Statistical Handbook of Japan 2014" (PDF). pp. 18, Table 2.8 "Mean Age of First Marriage". Retrieved 27 February 2015. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Assaad, Ragui (17 April 2014). The Jordanian Labor Market in the New Millennium. OUP Oxford. p. 193. ISBN 0191006599.
Jump up ^ Lebanese Women: A Diminishing Marriage Market - AUB Press Release http://staff.aub.edu.lb/~webbultn/v8n2/article21.htm
Jump up ^ Department of Statistics, Malaysia "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) . Accessed 8 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Date: (2011-06-13). "Mongolia National Census 2010 Preliminary Results" (PDF). National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
Jump up ^ (Released: 27 March 2013) "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2017. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ Median age at first marriage for citizens, Department of Statistics, Singapore "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) . Page 21, Accessed 7 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Statistics Korea
Jump up ^ LibertyTimes Archived 14 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x United Nations Economic Commission for Europe "Mean age at first marriage by sex". Accessed 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009: Các kết quả chủ yếu". Tổng Cục Thống kê Việt Nam. p. 142. Retrieved 2014-01-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Marriage indicators". Eurostat. European Commission. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2016. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ Why Russians are delaying tying the knot Accessed 25 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "3310.0 - Marriages and Divorces, Australia, 2015". www.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Kiribati Demographic and Health Survey 2009 (Report). Kiribati National Statistics Office, and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 2010. p. 93. ISBN 978-982-00-0451-1.
Jump up ^ Republic of the Marshall Islands 2011 Census report (PDF) (Report). Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the SPC Statistics for Development Programme. 2012. p. 37. ISBN 978-982-00-0564-8. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Summary Analysis of Key Indicators from the FSM 2010 Census of Population and Housing (PDF) (Report). FSM Office of Statistics, Budget, Overseas Development Assistance and Compact. 2010. p. 8 access-date=3 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Republic of Nauru Demographic and Health Survey 2007 (Report). The Nauru Bureau of Statistics, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, and Macro International Inc. 2009. p. 77. ISBN 978-982-00-0333-0.
Jump up ^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/10175961/New-Zealand-a-marital-wasteland
Jump up ^ Solomon Islands Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007 (PDF) (Report). Secretariat of the Pacific Community Noumea, New Caledonia. May 2009. p. 100. ISBN 978-982-00-0361-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Tonga Demographic and Health Survey 2012 (PDF) (Report). Tonga Ministry of Health, Tonga Department of Statistics, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, and United Nations Population Fund. 2014. p. 80. ISBN 978-982-00-0661. Retrieved 3 September 2016. CS1 maint: Ignored ISBN errors (link)
Jump up ^ Tuvalu Demographic and Health Survey 2007 (PDF) (Report). Central Statistics Division, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, and Macro International Inc. October 2009. p. 82. ISBN 978-982-00-0382-8. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Vanuatu Demographic and Health Survey 2013 (PDF) (Report). Vanuatu Ministry of Health, Vanuatu National Statistics Office, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 2014. p. xxiii. ISBN 978-982-00-0861-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
External links[edit]
United Nations World Marriage Patterns 2000
Europe: Eurostat numbers for 2006
Age at first marriage: interactive data visualizations
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text:
Hushpuppy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the footwear brand, see Hush Puppies. For other uses, see Hush puppies (disambiguation).
Hushpuppy
Alternative names
Hush-puppy, cornbread ball, corn dodgers
Place of origin
North America
Main ingredients
Cornmeal
Cookbook: Hushpuppy Media: Hushpuppy
A hushpuppy is a small, savory, deep-fried ball made from cornmeal-based batter. Hushpuppies are frequently served as a side dish with seafood and other deep-fried foods.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Name
3 Characteristics and preparation
4 Caribbean
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
The use of ground corn (maize) in cooking originated with Native Americans, who first cultivated the crop. Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole cooking introduced one of its main staples into Southern cuisine: corn, either ground into meal or limed with an alkaline salt to make hominy, in a Native American technology known as nixtamalization.[1] Cornbread was popular during the American Civil War because it was very cheap and could be made in many different sizes and forms. It could be fashioned into high-rising, fluffy loaves or simply fried for a quick meal.
To a far greater degree than anyone realizes, several of the most important food dishes that the Southeastern Indians live on today is the "soul food" eaten by both black and white Southerners. ... Indian boiled cornbread is present in Southern cuisine as "corn meal dumplings", ... and as "hush puppies" ...[2]
Hushpuppies retain strong ties to the Southern United States, although they are also available throughout the United States at restaurants serving deep-fried seafood.
Name[edit]
The first recorded use of the word "hush-puppy" dates to 1899.[3] The name is often attributed to hunters, fishermen, or other cooks who would fry some basic cornmeal mixture (possibly that they had been bread-coating or battering their own food with) and feed it to their dogs to "hush the puppies" during cook-outs or fish-fries.[4] Other legends date the term to the Civil War, in which Confederate soldiers are said to have tossed fried cornbread to quell the barks of their dogs.[5][6]
Characteristics and preparation[edit]
Typical hushpuppy ingredients include cornmeal, wheat flour, eggs, salt, baking soda, milk or buttermilk, and water, and may include onion, spring onion (scallion), garlic, whole kernel corn, and peppers. Sometimes pancake batter is used. The batter is mixed well, adjusting ingredients until thick, and dropped a spoonful at a time into hot oil. The small breads are fried until crispy golden brown, and cooled.[7] Hushpuppies are served with seafood or barbecued foods. They are commonly made at home or served in restaurants advertising home-style food.
Caribbean[edit]
See also: List of Jamaican dishes and foods
A plate with a dozen Puerto Rican "sorullitos" (hushpuppies) appetizers in Ponce, Puerto Rico
In Jamaica, such fried bread dumplings are known as "festivals", and are made from a flour and cornmeal dough, with added salt and sugar, which is then formed into hot-dog roll shapes and deep-fried. They are sweeter than hushpuppies, which often contain onion or garlic. They are served with jerked meats such as pork or chicken. Mostly, it is served with fried or escoveitch (see also escabeche and ceviche) fish.[8] In Puerto Rico, hushpuppies take the form of a short sausage and are called "sorullos" or "sorullitos".
See also[edit]
Cornbread
Corn dog
Corn fritter
Cuisine of the Southern United States
Falafel
Johnnycake
Pigs in blankets
List of fried dough foods
List of maize dishes
List of quick breads
List of regional dishes of the United States
Sloosh – a form of campfire cornbread made during the American Civil War
Vada – Indian fried lentil dough snacks, often flatter or disc shaped
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Dragonwagon, Crescent (2007). The Cornbread Gospels. Workman Publishing. ISBN 0-7611-1916-7.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Charles (1976). "A Conquered People". The Southeastern Indians. The University of Tennessee Press. pp. 498–499. ISBN 0-87049-248-9.
Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. "hush". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
Jump up ^ Dull, S.R. (2006). Southern Cooking. Atlanta, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
Jump up ^ Stern, Jane (2011). The Lexicon of Real American Food. Lyons press. p. 154.
Jump up ^ "Catfish and Hush Puppies". Southernfood.about.com.
Jump up ^ Cf. McCormick product, "Golden Dipt Hush Puppy Corn Meal Mix", ingredients and preparation on box
Jump up ^ Jamaican Festival Recipe
[hide]
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American breads
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Bulkie roll
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Cuban bread
Frybread
Graham bread
Hot water corn bread
Hushpuppy
Johnnycake
Muffin
Muffuletta
Parker House roll
Pepperoni roll
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This page was last edited on 11 March 2018, at 04:12.
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