text:
Dark Side of the Rainbow
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Dark Side of the Rainbow – also known as Dark Side of Oz or The Wizard of Floyd – refers to the pairing of the 1973 Pink Floyd album The Dark Side of the Moon with the visual portion of the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Synchronicity
3 Coincidence versus intent
4 Technical considerations
5 Variations on the theme
6 In popular culture
7 References
History[edit]
In August 1995, the Fort Wayne (Indiana) Journal Gazette published the first mainstream media article[1] about the "synchronicity", citing the Usenet discussion group alt.music.pink-floyd. Soon afterward, several fans began creating websites in which they touted the experience and tried to comprehensively catalogue the corresponding moments. A second wave of awareness began in April 1997, when Boston radio DJ George Taylor Morris discussed "Dark Side of the Rainbow" on the air, leading to further mainstream media articles and a segment on MTV news.[citation needed]
In July 2000, the cable channel Turner Classic Movies aired a version of Oz with the Dark Side album as an alternate soundtrack.[2] Turner Entertainment Co. has owned the rights to the film since 1986.
Synchronicity[edit]
There are various approaches regarding when to start synchronizing The Dark Side of the Moon audio with the film. Several involve the MGM lion as the cue. Most suggest the third roar, while some prefer the second or first. Others suggest starting the album not immediately after the lion's roar, but after the lion fades to black—exactly when the film begins. Viewing recommendations include reducing the film's audio and using captions or subtitles to follow the dialogue and plot.[3]
The iconic dispersive prism of the album's cover purportedly reflects the movie's transition from black-and-white Kansas to Technicolor Oz; further examples include music changes at dramatic moments, such as the tornado near the start of the movie aligning with the screaming section of "The Great Gig in the Sky", and thematic alignments such as the scarecrow dance during "Brain Damage". This synergy effect has been described as an example of synchronicity, defined by the psychologist Carl Jung as a phenomenon in which coincidental events "seem related but are not explained by conventional mechanisms of causality." [4]
Detractors argue that the phenomenon is the result of the mind's tendency to think it recognizes patterns amid disorder by discarding data that does not fit.[5] Psychologists refer to this tendency as apophenia, or confirmation bias. In this theory, a Dark Side of the Rainbow enthusiast will focus on matching moments while ignoring the greater number of instances where the film and the album do not correspond.
Coincidence versus intent[edit]
Pink Floyd band members have repeatedly said that the reputed phenomenon is coincidence. In an interview for the 25th anniversary of the album, guitarist/vocalist David Gilmour denied the album was intentionally written to be synchronized with the film, saying "Some guy with too much time on his hands had this idea of combining Wizard of Oz with Dark Side of the Moon."[6] On an MTV special about Pink Floyd in 2002, the band dismissed any relationship between the album and the movie, saying there were no means of reproducing the film in the studio at the time they recorded the album.
Dark Side of the Moon audio engineer Alan Parsons in 2003 dismissed the supposed effect:
It was an American radio guy who pointed it out to me. It's such a non-starter, a complete load of eyewash. I tried it for the first time about two years ago. One of my fiancée's kids had a copy of the video, and I thought I had to see what it was all about. I was very disappointed. The only thing I noticed was that the line "balanced on the biggest wave" came up when Dorothy was kind of tightrope walking along a fence. One of the things any audio professional will tell you is that the scope for the drift between the video and the record is enormous; it could be anything up to twenty seconds by the time the record's finished. And anyway, if you play any record with the sound turned down on the TV, you will find things that work.[7]
Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason told MTV in 1997, "It's absolute nonsense. It has nothing to do with The Wizard of Oz. It was all based on The Sound of Music."[8]
Technical considerations[edit]
Film critic Richard Roeper published his assessment of the phenomenon, which he referred to as "Dark Side of Oz." Roeper concluded that while the band may have had the resources and technical know-how to produce an alternative film soundtrack, undergoing such an endeavor would have been highly impractical. Roeper also noted the technical issue of the roughly 43-minute Dark Side of the Moon being short compared to the 101-minute The Wizard of Oz.[9]
In the book Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd, Nick Mason noted that the band was becoming proficient at creating movie soundtracks by the time they started the recording of The Dark Side of the Moon, and that they even interrupted their work on the album so they could score yet another film. He explained the technical process that Pink Floyd used to score movies when he wrote about the recording of the 1972 Obscured by Clouds movie soundtrack:
After the success of More, we had agreed to do another sound track for Barbet Schroeder. His new film was called La Vallée and we travelled over to France to record the music in the last week of February... We did the recording with the same method we had employed for More, following a rough cut of the film, using stopwatches for specific cues and creating interlinking musical moods that would be cross-faded to suit the final version... The recording time was extremely tight. We only had two weeks to record the soundtrack with a short amount of time afterwards to turn it into an album.
Variations on the theme[edit]
The fame of Dark Side of the Rainbow has prompted some to search for synchronicities among other albums by other bands and films by other directors. The lengthy Pink Floyd song "Echoes" from the 1971 album Meddle has been paired with "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite," the fourth act in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Again the correspondences are primarily formal/structural and not grounded in the content of the lyrics. Both the track and the sequence are approximately 23 minutes.[10]
Comedian Matt Herzau claims that the Pixar film WALL-E syncs up with Pink Floyd's rock opera The Wall, which he has called "Another Brick in the WALL-E", after the album's three-part song "Another Brick in the Wall."[11][12] Another popular Pink Floyd movie sync pairs The Wall with Disney's 1951 animated Alice in Wonderland.[13] In connection with Alice, another Floyd-related album syncs up with that film – Syd Barrett's solo album The Madcap Laughs.
Canadian dance music artist Rich Aucoin's second album Ephemeral (released September 2014 in North America) is an adaptation of the themes of the novella The Little Prince and is meant to sync up to the 1979 short Claymation film of the same name, along the lines of The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wizard of Oz.[14]
The French avant-jazz band Ghost Rhythms's third album Madeleine is meant to sync up with Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.[15]
After the final two parts of Twin Peaks: The Return aired on Sunday, September 4, 2017, a rumor developed on social media advancing the theory that the final two parts (17 & 18) were meant to be watched and interpreted simultaneously. During a Reddit interview on September 10, 2017, The Return's executive producer Sabrina S. Sutherland summarily dismissed these rumors, saying "This is definitely not the way to watch these parts", although later leaving the possibility somewhat more open-ended by conceding "Maybe it's something I'm not aware of - could be. I'm not infallible!"
Comedian Griffin McElroy jokingly watched the film Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 alongside The Dark Side of the Moon as part of the eternal podcast "Til Death do us Blart," noting several thematic, rhythmic, and lyrical synchronicities. McElroy described the viewing as "a religious experience." [16]
In popular culture[edit]
In a 2000 episode of Family Guy, "The Story on Page One", Peter Griffin tells Luke Perry that "Dark Side of the Moon totally syncs up with the Wizard of Oz", to which Perry replies, "You know, Shannen Doherty told me that once, but I thought she was just being a bitch."
In the 2000 pilot episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, two characters discussed an earlier date in which they watched Dark Side of the Rainbow.[17]
In the 2002 Family Guy episode "Stuck Together, Torn Apart", Mort Goldman states "We like to watch old movies while listening to Hotel California to see if it synchs up in a significant way. And so far, no, nothing has."
In February 2003, the reggae cover-band group Easy Star All-Stars released a cover album of The Dark Side of the Moon entitled Dub Side of the Moon which features instructions on how to synchronize the record with The Wizard of Oz.
In the 2005 movie The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, Pepe the King Prawn (as Toto) says, "Those of you who have Dark Side of the Moon, press play now."[18]
In the 2005 Trailer Park Boys episode "Give Peace a Chance," Bubbles mentions a synchronized showing of The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wizard of Oz occurring while he and the boys were in prison.
Another reference appeared in the 2008 Supernatural episode "Dream a Little Dream of Me". Dean asks Sam if they should "dim the lights and sync up Wizard of Oz and Dark Side of the Moon". Sam asks why, prompting Dean to wonder what Sam did in college.[19]
In the Angry Video Game Nerd's 2008 episode on the video game adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, all the episode's events are deliberately synced up to Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon if one plays the first four songs of the album in sync to this episode, a reference to the connection between the album and the 1939 film.[20]
In the 2010 How I Met Your Mother episode "Blitzgiving", Marshall and Ted mention a time they watched The Wizard of Oz while listening to The Dark Side of the Moon, which inspires them to do the same thing with Apocalypse Now and "Weird Al" Yankovic's Greatest Hits.
In a 2011 episode of Raising Hope, Jimmy, the main character, hallucinates that his baby's face, stamped on a jar of baby food, tells him to sync up The Dark Side of the Moon with The Wizard of Oz before the hallucinations wear off.
In the 2012 film Fun Size, the main character (Victoria Justice) decides to dress as Dorothy for a high school Halloween party after listening to The Dark Side of the Moon. The film briefly includes a visual clip of the album in its record form.
In a 2014 Drum Corps International show, performed by the Colts, Dark Side of the Rainbow is portrayed as a world in which the Scarecrow rules Oz after Dorothy has left.[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Savage, Charles (August 1, 1995). "The Dark Side of the Rainbow". The Fort Wayne Journal Gazette. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007 – via rbsavage.
Jump up ^ "Dark Side of Oz". Chicago Sun-Times. July 3, 2000.
Jump up ^ "The Dark Side of the Rainbow". All Pink Floyd Fan Network. Archived from the original on July 9, 2006.
Jump up ^ "synchronicity – Definition". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Does the music in Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon coincide with the action of The Wizard of Oz?". The Straight Dope. May 5, 2000.
Jump up ^ "David Gilmour interview". Archived from the original on May 5, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2005.
Jump up ^ Harris, John (March 12, 2003). ""Dark Side" at 30: Alan Parsons: Pink Floyd". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Pink Floyd/Wizard Of Oz Connection". MTV. May 30, 1997. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Roeper, Richard (2001). Urban Legends. New Page Books.
Jump up ^ Shaffner, Nicholas (1991). Saucerful of Secrets: The Pink Floyd Odyssey. Harmony Books. p. 142. ISBN 0-517-57608-2.
Jump up ^ "Another Brick in the Wall-E? Pixar Meets Pink Floyd". Daily Camera/Colorado Daily. July 22, 2009. Archived from the original on July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Davis, Lauren (July 22, 2009). "Another Brick in the Wall-E? Pixar Meets Pink Floyd". io9.
Jump up ^ Wendland, Andrew C. (2017). "The Pink Floyd Movie Synchronization Story". moviesyncs.com.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Alex (June 18, 2014). "Rich Aucoin Details 'Ephemeral,' Premieres New Single". exclaim.ca.
Jump up ^ negativertigo. YouTube. March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ MACROTAH (November 23, 2017). BLART Side of the MALL. YouTube.com.
Jump up ^ ""CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" Pilot, Quotes". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Supernatural (TV Series) "Dream a Little Dream of Me" (2008) Quotes". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Dark Side of the Nerd". Cinemassacre. August 4, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kinoshita, Steve. "Corps Repertiore". corpseps.com. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
[show]
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[show]
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"Eclipse"
Related articles
Dark Side of the Moon Tour
The Dark Side of the Moon Live
Dark Side of the Rainbow
Darkside
Tribute albums
Dub Side of the Moon
Dubber Side of the Moon
The Flaming Lips and Stardeath and White Dwarfs Doing The Dark Side of the Moon
From the Dark Side of the Moon
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Too Close (Next song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Too Close"
Single by Next
from the album Rated Next
Released
September 30, 1997
Format
CD single
Recorded
1997
Genre
Contemporary R&B
Length
4:20
Label
Arista
Songwriter(s)
Kay Gee, Terry Brown, Robert Huggar, Raphael Brown
Producer(s)
Kay Gee
Next singles chronology
"Butta Love"
(1997) "Too Close"
(1997) "I Still Love You"
(1998)
"Butta Love"
(1997) "Too Close"
(1997) "I Still Love You"
(1998)
Music video
"Too Close" on YouTube
"Too Close" is a song by American R&B group Next, featuring uncredited vocals from Vee of Koffee Brown. It was released in September 1997 as the second single from their debut album Rated Next (1997).
The song reached number one on the US Hot 100 and R&B charts and has gone Platinum making it their biggest and best known hit. In the 1998 US Billboard End-Year chart, the song reached number one. It contains a sample of "Christmas Rappin'" by Kurtis Blow. "Too Close" was a massive hit on Urban Contemporary radio stations by its fourth month of airplay in January 1998 and still the most played single by Next.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Charts and certifications
2.1 Weekly charts
2.2 Year-end charts
2.3 Decade-end charts
2.4 Certifications
3 Blue version
3.1 Music video
3.2 Track listing
3.3 Charts
3.4 Certifications
4 Parody
5 References
6 External links
Composition[edit]
According to Billboard, on the song "R.L, Terry and Raphael moan and groan about their female dance partner's grindin' and shakin' -- and their respective bulges as a result -- atop a Chicago-style step dance production."[1]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[2] 12
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[3] 44
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[4] 39
Canada Dance (RPM)[5] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[6] 2
Germany (Official German Charts)[7] 43
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8] 8
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[9] 1
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[10] 39
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[11] 46
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[12] 24
US Billboard Hot 100[13] 1
US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream[13] 5
US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks[13] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 1
Decade-end charts[edit]
Chart (1990-1999)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 16
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[16]
Gold 35,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[17]
Platinum 10,000*
United States (RIAA)[18]
2x Platinum 2,100,000[19]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Blue version[edit]
"Too Close"
Single by Blue
from the album All Rise
Released
27 August 2001
Format
CD single, cassette
Recorded
2001
Genre
R&B
Length
3:47
Label
Virgin, Innocent
Songwriter(s)
Kier Gist, Darren Lighty, Robert Huggar, Raphael Brown, Robert Ford Jr., Denzil Miller, James B. Moore, Kurtis Walker, Larry Smith
Producer(s)
Ray Ruffin, Cutfather & Joe[a]
Blue singles chronology
"All Rise"
(2001) "Too Close"
(2001) "If You Come Back"
(2001)
"All Rise"
(2001) "Too Close"
(2001) "If You Come Back"
(2001)
In 2001, English boy band Blue released a cover version of the song as the second single from their debut studio album All Rise (2001). The track was released on 24 August 2001 and became their first number one UK single produced by multi-platinum producer Ray Ruffin. It also reached number five in Australia and number 17 in Ireland, and number one in New Zealand, where the Next version had also been a number-one hit. The song has received a silver sales status certification for sales of over 200,000 copies in the UK.
Music video[edit]
The band traveled to New York City to film the music video, and whilst there, they witnessed the attacks on the World Trade Center. The following month, Blue were being interviewed by British newspaper The Sun and Ryan commented that "This New York thing is being blown out of proportion" and asked "What about whales? They are ignoring animals that are more important. Animals need saving and that's more important." The other members of the band tried to silence Ryan, but he went on.[20] This caused a huge media backlash that resulted in Blue losing a record deal in the United States[20] and campaigns to sack Ryan from the group.[21]
Track listing[edit]
UK CD single
"Too Close" (Radio Edit) – 3:45
"Too Close" (Blacksmith R&B Club Rub) – 5:41
"Too Close" (Instrumental) – 3:45
"Too Close" (Video) – 4:11
UK cassette
"Too Close" (Radio Edit) – 3:45
"Too Close" (Blacksmith R&B Club Rub) – 5:41
Charts[edit]
Chart (2001)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[22] 5
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[23] 72
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[24] 6
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[25] 10
Germany (Official German Charts)[26] 66
Ireland (IRMA) 17
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[27] 1
Norway (VG-lista)[28] 19
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[29] 2
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[30] 41
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[31] 1
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[32]
Platinum 70,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[33]
Silver 200,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Parody[edit]
In 2015, the song regained attention through the popularity of the internet meme, "Why You Always Lying" by Nicholas Fraser. The parody gained fame within social media (most notably Vine and Twitter) because of the comically poor production quality and relatable theme. Replacing the line "Baby when we're grinding" with "Why the f*** you lying," and similarly for following phrases, the song initially referenced an untrustworthy girl who failed to keep her promise of hooking him up with her cute friend. Currently, the original Vine has been viewed over 76.1 million times,[34] and has been extended into a full music video for YouTube, which has gained over 16 million views as of March 2016.[35] Fraser also performed the parody along with the former Next member RL on the MTV2 show Uncommon Sense with Charlamagne.[36][37]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ M. Tye Comer; Mariel Concepcion; Monica Herrera; Jessica Letkemann; Evie Nagy & David J. Prince (February 11, 2010). "The 50 Sexiest Songs Of All Time". Billboard. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Next – Too Close". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Next – Too Close" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Next – Too Close" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Retrieved December 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Retrieved December 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Next Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Next search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Next – Too Close". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Next – Too Close". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Next – Too Close". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Next: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Next > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Billboard. Allmusic. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 – 1998". Retrieved 2010-08-28.
Jump up ^ Geoff Mayfield (December 25, 1999). "1999 The Year in Music Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade - The listing of Top Pop Albums of the '90s & Hot 100 Singles of the '90s". Billboard. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1998 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Next – Too Close". Recorded Music NZ.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Next – Too Close". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Best-Selling Records of 1998". Billboard. BPI Communications Inc. 111 (5): 75. January 30, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lee Ryan's 9/11 gaffe". virginmedia.com. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Vanroxx, Robert (October 26, 2001). "Who give a f*** about New York when whales and elephants are dying?". The Sun. News UK. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Blue – Too Close". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Blue – Too Close" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Blue – Too Close" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Hits of the World - Eurochart Hot 100". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 25 August 2001. p. 61. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Blue Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Blue – Too Close". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Blue – Too Close". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Blue – Too Close". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2001 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Blue – Too Close". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Too Close in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ Fraser, Nicholas (August 29, 2015). "When she say she got a cute friend for you". Vine. Vine. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Downgoes Fraser (September 14, 2015), Ig-@Downgoes.Fraser (OFFICIAL FULL LENGTH!!) Why You Always Lying video, retrieved March 8, 2016
Jump up ^ Lynch, Allison (September 11, 2015). "This ‘Why you always lying?’ meme is the internet’s new obsession". Metro News UK. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "90’s Group Next’s "Too Close" Song & Video Gets A Little Boost After "Why You Lyin'" Video Goes Viral". Spaced Out Magazine Radio. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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text:
2017 Las Vegas shooting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Las Vegas shooting" redirects here. For other uses, see Las Vegas shooting (disambiguation).
2017 Las Vegas shooting
1
2
1
Mandalay Bay hotel
2
Route 91 Harvest country music festival grounds
[Full screen]
Location
Las Vegas Strip, Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
Coordinates
36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167Coordinates: 36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167
Date
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
c. 10:05 – 10:15 p.m. (PDT; UTC−07:00)
Target
Audience of the Route 91 Harvest music festival
Attack type
Mass shooting, murder–suicide
Weapons
23 guns, including four DDM4 rifles, three FN-15 rifles, one AR-15 rifle with forward front grip, one .308-caliber AR-10 rifle, one AK-47, at least one made-to-order LMT rifle, and one handgun.[1]
Deaths
59 (including the perpetrator)
Non-fatal injuries
546
Perpetrator
Stephen Paddock
On the night of October 1, 2017, a gunman opened fire on a crowd of concertgoers at the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada, leaving 58 people dead and 546 injured. Between 10:05 and 10:15 p.m. PDT, 64-year-old Stephen Paddock of Mesquite, Nevada, fired more than 1,100 rounds from his suite on the 32nd floor of the nearby Mandalay Bay hotel. About an hour after Paddock fired his last shot into the crowd of 22,000, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His motive is unknown.
The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States. The shooting reignited the debate about gun laws in the U.S., with attention focused on bump fire stocks, which Paddock used to allow his semi-automatic rifles to fire at a rate similar to that of a fully automatic weapon.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Location
1.2 Preparation
2 Shooting
2.1 Early reports
3 Casualties
4 Perpetrator
5 Aftermath and reactions
5.1 Hoaxes
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Background
Location
The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, immediately south of the City of Las Vegas. The Strip is known for its concentration of casinos and resort hotels, including the 43-story Mandalay Bay southwest of its intersection with Mandalay Bay Road, in the unincorporated town of Paradise.[2]
Las Vegas Village is located diagonally across the intersection to the northeast; the 15-acre (6.1-hectare) lot is used for outdoor performances.[2][3] The annual Route 91 Harvest country music festival has been held there since 2014; the 2017 festival ran from September 29 to October 1.[3][a]
Preparation
Paddock may have considered attacking other outdoor concerts. He reserved a room that overlooked the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it. He appears to have stayed in Downtown Las Vegas from September 14 until the night of the shooting. Between September 22 and 24, he rented rooms at The Ogden, which overlooked the open-air Life Is Beautiful festival.[4]
Paddock arrived at the Mandalay Bay on September 25, 2017, and he was booked into a complimentary room because he was a frequent gambler at the casino.[5] Three days later, he moved to the 32nd floor suite, which overlooks Las Vegas Village.[6][b] He placed a "Do not disturb" sign on the door, organized the room, and stockpiled an arsenal of weapons.[7][8] Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said Paddock carried more than ten suitcases into his hotel suite during his preparation for the shooting.[7]
Animation of a bump fire stock, showing how the trigger (red) is pulled by the trigger finger when the receiver is moved forward. It is reset when the receiver moves back due to recoil.
Twenty-three firearms, a large quantity of ammunition, and numerous high-capacity magazines capable of holding up to 100 rounds apiece were found in the suite.[9][10] The firearms included four DDM4 rifles, three FN-15 rifles, one AR-15 rifle with forward front grip, one .308-caliber AR-10 rifle, one Kalashnikov, and at least one made-to-order LMT rifle and one handgun.[11][12][13] Two of the rifles were equipped with telescopic sights and mounted on bipods.[14][15] Twelve of the guns were fitted with bump fire stocks,[11] which allowed for recoil to actuate their triggers at a rate of 90 rounds in 10 seconds.[16] The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined that the firearms found in his hotel room, along with more guns found in his homes, had been legally purchased in the states of Nevada, California, Texas, and Utah.[17] In the month preceding the shooting, he had attempted to purchase a large quantity of tracer ammunition, but the gun dealer he approached did not have the item in stock.[18]
Investigators found hidden surveillance cameras that were placed inside and outside the hotel room, presumably so Paddock could monitor the arrival of others.[19] The cameras were not in record mode.[20] Police said a handwritten note found in the room indicated Paddock had been calculating the distance, wind, and trajectory from his 32nd floor hotel suite to the concertgoers he was targeting on the festival lot.[21][22]
At a press conference on October 4, Sheriff Lombardo stated there was evidence—which he declined to discuss—that Paddock intended to escape the scene, and that he may have had assistance from an accomplice.[23] Investigators searched Paddock's room and found a "bulletproof vest" and breathing apparatus, which were survival gear that Paddock never used.[24]
During subsequent investigations, ammonium nitrate (often used in improvised explosive devices) was found in the trunk of his Hyundai Tucson SUV, along with 1,600 rounds of ammunition and 50 pounds (23 kg) of Tannerite, a binary explosive used to make explosive targets for gun ranges.[25][26] Undersheriff Kevin McMahill said that while Paddock had "nefarious intent" with the material, he did not appear to have assembled an explosive device.[18][27]
Shooting
Schematic of the shooting scene. Paddock indiscriminately fired hundreds of rifle rounds 490 yards (450 m) from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel towards the concertgoers at Las Vegas Village.
The mass shooting occurred between 10:05 and 10:15 p.m. PDT on October 1, 2017 (the third and final night of the festival). When the shooting began, country music singer Jason Aldean was giving the closing performance in front of an audience of about 22,000.[28]
Shortly before 10:00 p.m., hotel security guard Jesus Campos was sent to the 32nd floor to investigate an open-door alert. He encountered a barricaded door that prevented him from immediately accessing the floor. After arriving on the floor, he heard drilling coming from Room 32135, which was Paddock's suite, and went to investigate. At approximately 10:05, he was hit in the right thigh by one of about 200 bullets that Paddock fired through the door of his suite. After Campos was hit, he immediately informed the hotel by radio and cellphone that he had been shot. At the same time, maintenance worker Stephen Schuck was on the same floor to check out the report of a jammed fire door. Campos, who was already injured, encountered Schuck and told him to take cover. Schuck contacted hotel dispatchers over his radio, informed them of the ongoing shooting, and told them to call the police.[29][30][31][32] Neither Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department nor MGM Resorts International, the Mandalay Bay's owner, have confirmed when information about the initial shooting was relayed to the police.[33][34][35][36]
1
2
3
1
Mandalay Bay hotel
2
Main stage of Route 91 Harvest festival
3
Jet fuel tanks at McCarran International Airport
Paddock used a hammer to break two of his suite's windows and began shooting through them at 10:05 p.m.,[37] ultimately firing more than 1,100 rifle rounds[38] approximately 490 yards (450 m) into the festival audience.[39][40][41][c] Many people in the crowd initially mistook the gunfire for fireworks.[42] During the shooting, a security fence hindered concertgoers from fleeing the 15-acre concrete lot.[43] The gunfire continued, with some momentary pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15 p.m.[44][45]
Two of the bullets fired by Paddock struck a large jet fuel tank at McCarran International Airport 2,000 feet (600 m) away. One of the bullets penetrated the tank, but the fuel did not ignite or explode because there was a very low probability that a bullet could ignite it.[46]
During the shooting, police officers were initially confused whether the shots were coming from the Mandalay Bay, the nearby Luxor hotel, or the festival grounds.[43] There were also multiple false reports of additional shooters at other hotels on the Strip.[47] Officers eventually spotted multiple flashes of gunfire in the middle of the northern side of Mandalay Bay and responded to the hotel. At 10:12 p.m., two officers on the 31st floor reported the sounds of gunfire on the floor above them.[43] When officers arrived on the 32nd floor at 10:17 p.m. and encountered Campos a minute later, he directed them to Paddock's room and helped others evacuate. Campos was then directed to seek medical attention for himself.[30][32]
Between 10:26 and 10:30 p.m., an additional eight officers arrived at the 32nd floor. The gunfire had ceased, and the police moved systematically down the hallway, searching and clearing each room, using a master key that was provided by Campos. At 10:55 p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20 p.m., police breached Paddock's room with explosives.[45][43][48] Paddock was found dead on the floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.[49][50] While entering the hotel suite, an officer accidentally fired one round from his weapon, but the bullet did not hit anyone.[51] At 11:27 p.m., officers announced over the police radio that one suspect was down.[45][52] Early on October 2, Sheriff Lombardo identified the suspect as Stephen Paddock.[53]
Early reports
There have been several changes in the official account and timeline of Paddock's shooting of hotel security guard Campos. Police officials described these adjustments as "minute changes" that are common in complex investigations.[30]
In their first statement about the incident, police officials inaccurately reported that Campos arrived on the scene after Paddock began firing into the crowd. In a second statement, police officials reported, again inaccurately, that Campos was shot six minutes before Paddock began firing into the crowd. That report had been based on a 9:59 p.m. notation in a hotel security log, which in a third statement was determined to have been the time when Campos encountered the barricaded door.[29][31]
Sheriff Lombardo dismissed allegations that the changing timeline was the result of some kind of conspiracy between the police department, the FBI, and MGM Resorts International saying, "Nobody is attempting to hide anything in reference to this investigation. The dynamics and the size of this investigation requires us to go through voluminous amounts of information in order to draw an accurate picture."[29]
Casualties
A total of 58 people (excluding Paddock) lost their lives as a result of the shooting.[54][55][56] The fatalities included 36 women and 22 men.[54] The oldest was 67, the youngest 20.[57] Six were from Nevada, 35 from California, 13 from other states, and four from Canada.[58] An additional 546 people were injured.[35] In the aftermath, many victims were transported to area hospitals, which included University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center, and at least one of the six hospitals of Valley Health System.[59][60][61] Sunrise Hospital treated the largest portion of the wounded: 199 patients,[62] 150 of whom arrived within a timespan of about 40 minutes.[63] For reasons that are unclear, most patients were transported to Sunrise, a Level II trauma center. University Medical Center, a nearby Level I trauma center, treated only 104 patients.[64] Six victims sought medical treatment in Southern California; UC Irvine Medical Center treated four and Loma Linda University Medical Center treated two.[65]
The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States, surpassing the death toll of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, where 49 died, excluding the gunman.[54][66][67]
Perpetrator
Main article: Stephen Paddock
Stephen Paddock (April 9, 1953 – October 1, 2017)[68] was a former auditor and real estate businessman,[69] who had been living in a retirement community in Mesquite, Nevada, which is 82 miles from the shooting scene.[70] Paddock was a high-stakes gambler who placed bets at a high enough level to earn valuable comps—free benefits such as rooms and meals. He was a familiar figure to casino hosts in Las Vegas, but was not well known among other high-stakes gamblers because he mostly played video poker.[5] He reportedly kept to himself and was a heavy drinker.[71] Police said he had made casino transactions in the tens of thousands of dollars prior to the shooting, but did not specify whether these transactions were losses or wins.[72] Sheriff Lombardo said Paddock had lost a significant amount of his wealth over the previous two years, which might have been a "determining factor" in the attack, but added that his motive may never truly be understood.[73]
Court records show that Paddock was twice divorced. He was single at the time of the shooting. He had no known children.[74] Paddock was the son of Benjamin Paddock, a bank robber who was on the FBI's most-wanted list between 1969 and 1977, whose wanted poster stated that he was "diagnosed as psychopathic" and "reportedly has suicidal tendencies".[75]
Police believe Paddock acted alone and have not determined his motive, despite following more than a thousand leads.[50][18][76] His younger brother and others who were in close contact with him described him as having no apparent religious or political affiliation.[74] Police said they had no investigative information or criminal history indicating that he was dangerous. His only recorded interaction with law enforcement was a minor traffic citation that he settled in court years before the shooting.[77][78]
Aftermath and reactions
The Las Vegas sign adorned with flowers on October 9, 2017, a week after the shooting
Much of Las Vegas Boulevard was closed while police SWAT teams combed the venue and neighboring businesses. McCarran International Airport, adjacent to the shooting site, was shut down for several hours.[79] Approximately 300 people entered the airport property as they fled to safety from the shooting.[42] This prompted officials to shut down all four runways. More than 25 flights were rerouted to ensure that no aircraft would be hit by gunfire,[47] while other flights were canceled before airfield operations resumed at 12:40 a.m. on October 2.[80] At approximately 2:45 p.m. PDT on October 2, a state of emergency was declared in Clark County.[81][82]
On the morning after the shooting, lines to donate blood in Las Vegas stretched for blocks. Wait times were as much as six hours or more.[83] Millions of dollars have also been raised to help victims and their families.[84]
Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval called the shooting "a tragic and heinous act of violence that has shaken the Nevada family".[85] Jason Aldean, who was singing when the shooting started, posted his condolences on Instagram and noted all of those working with him at the show had survived the attack.[86]
At a press conference, President Donald Trump described Paddock as "a very very sick individual", and "a demented man, [with] a lot of problems". He added, "the police department has done such an incredible job, and we'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by".[87][88] A White House official talking points memo, distributed to Trump allies, opposed tightening gun control since "new laws won't stop a mad man", but "will curtail the freedoms of law abiding citizens".[89] On October 2, Trump issued a proclamation to honor the victims and their families.[90][91] On October 4, Trump visited the shooting victims and first responders.[92] On October 7, Vice President Mike Pence participated in a unity prayer walk and ceremony in Las Vegas in honor of the dead.[93]
President Trump meets a Las Vegas shooting victim as his wife Melania looks on
Stock prices of firearms manufacturers rose the day after the shooting, as has happened after similar incidents. Investors expect gun sales will increase over concerns that such an event could lead to more stringent gun-control legislation and a rush of customers wishing to defend themselves against future attacks.[94][95]
According to authorities with the Clark County Commissioner, the name "1 October" was declared the official title for investigations into the mass shooting.[96] The future of the Las Vegas Village site remains undetermined.[97]
The shooting prompted support in the U.S. Congress for assault weapons legislation that would ban bump fire stocks. The National Rifle Association (NRA) came out in favor of administrative bump fire stock regulations.[54] Many Congressional Democrats and some Republicans expressed their support of a prohibition of bump fire stocks.[98] Senator Dianne Feinstein introduced a Senate bill that gained 39 Democratic co-sponsors. Two bipartisan bills have been introduced in the House of Representatives. As of November, no Congressional action has been taken. House leaders said the issue of bump fire stock regulation should be decided by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, which originally approved gun-stocks.[99] On November 6, Massachusetts became the first state to ban the sale, possession, or use of the devices.[100]
Nine days after the shooting, eighteen Democratic U.S. Senators introduced a bill, the Keep Americans Safe Act, which, if signed into law, would ban gun magazines that hold more than ten rounds of ammunition.[101]
The annual Rock 'n' Roll Las Vegas Marathon took place on November 12 and was the largest event to be held in the city since the shooting. The event received a massive amount of security, which included 350 officers, counter-sniper surveillance posts, and a number of barriers composed of dump trucks, buses, and other large vehicles.[102]
Survivors of the shooting have received death threats on social media; they have also been accused of being paid actors.[103]
Hoaxes
In the hours after the shooting and during the succeeding days, false information and fake news about the shooter's identity and motive went viral on social media:
The website The Gateway Pundit misidentified the shooter when they named a different man and described him as a registered Democrat.[104]
A 4chan thread on which that misinformation of Gateway Pundit had been based had briefly featured in the "Top Stories" section of a Google search for the man's name.[105][106]
The fake news website YourNewsWire spread false information about a second gunman who was shooting from the fourth floor of the hotel.[107]
Two of Facebook's top trending pages were items from Sputnik, a Russian government news agency.[108][109] These included one story that falsely claimed the FBI had linked the shooter to a terrorist group.[110] The stories were later removed with an apology.[111]
Stories linking the shooter to Antifa have also been discredited.[112]
The terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) claimed that Paddock was their "soldier", and that he had answered Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to attack coalition countries,[113] but an FBI agent said they had found "no connection with an international terrorist group."[114] ISIS provided no evidence for its claim, and terrorism experts noted that since the Mosul liberation in October 2016, ISIS or Amaq News Agency has on at least two other occasions made false claims of responsibility for attacks with which they had no connection.[115][116][117]
Google and Facebook were criticized for displaying such false news stories in some of their search results.[111][118][119] The two technology companies were said to have failed in their responsibility of keeping false stories from reaching the public.[120] Facebook later said its algorithms were designed to detect and remove false stories, but failed to work adequately in this instance.[118]
In the aftermath of the shooting, some media outlets reported that YouTube search results for information about the shooting returned links to conspiracy videos. YouTube stated that it had tweaked its search algorithm to promote news sources which it considered more authoritative.[121][122]
See also
Gun laws in Nevada
Gun violence in the United States
List of disasters in the United States by death toll
List of rampage killers
List of rampage killers (Americas)
Mass shootings in the United States
Notes
Jump up ^ For the layout of the festival, see "Vegas hospitals swamped with victims after high-rise attack". MSN. Associated Press. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ For a diagram of Paddock's hotel suite and connecting room, see: "Why did it take police so long to breach Las Vegas gunman's room? Here's a new timeline". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017. .
Jump up ^ For an infographic of what occurred at the venue during the shooting, see the fourth image of: "Las Vegas Shooting: Chaos at a Concert and a Frantic Search at Mandalay Bay". The New York Times. October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. .
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Las Vegas Strip shooting.
Recording of police radio communications for the incident - from Broadcastify.com
Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department: Press Releases, dated: October 2, 2017
List of victims fatally shot
Short tribute to each victim
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Davis v. City of Las Vegas
Misconduct in the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_Las_Vegas_shooting&oldid=816200258"
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2017 in American music
2017 in Nevada
2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting
2017 mass shootings in the United States
2017 murders in the United States
21st century in Las Vegas
Attacks in the United States in 2017
Attacks on music venues
Deaths by firearm in Nevada
Filmed killings
Las Vegas Strip
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Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in the United States
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values: حادثة إطلاق نار لاس فيغاس ستريب 2017 – Arabic

values: Las-Veqas Strip gülləbaranı (2017) – Azerbaijani

values: 2017 nî Las Vegas Strip chhèng-kek – Chinese (Min Nan)

values: 2017. aasta Las Vegas Stripi massitulistamine – Estonian

values: تیراندازی لاس وگاس استریپ – Persian

values: 2017년 라스베이거스 스트립 총기 난사 사건 – Korean

values: Հրաձգություն Լաս Վեգասում (2017) – Armenian

values: 2017 लास वेगास गोलीबारी – Hindi

values: Penembakan Las Vegas Strip 2017 – Indonesian

values: הטבח בסטריפ של לאס וגאס – Hebrew

values: Sparatoria a Las Vegas del 2017 – Lombard

values: 2017-es Las Vegas-i lövöldözés – Hungarian

values: 2017年ラスベガス・ストリップ銃乱射事件 – Japanese

values: Masseskytingen på Las Vegas Strip 2017 – Norwegian

values: Las Vegas Strip otishmasi (2017) – Uzbek

values: Tiroteio de Las Vegas Strip em 2017 – Portuguese

values: Atacul armat din Las Vegas (2017) – Romanian

values: Стрельба в Лас-Вегасе (2017) – Russian

values: 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting – Simple English

values: 2017 لاس ويگس فائرنگ – Sindhi

values: Masskjutningen i Las Vegas 2017 – Swedish

values: 2017 லாஸ் வேகஸ் தாக்குதல் – Tamil

values: 2017 లాస్ వెగాస్ షూటింగ్ ఘటన – Telugu

values: เหตุยิงกันที่ลาสเวกัสสตริป พ.ศ. 2560 – Thai

values: 2017 Las Vegas Strip saldırısı – Turkish

values: Стрілянина в Лас-Вегасі (2017) – Ukrainian

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