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List of Winnie-the-Pooh characters
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This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Main characters
1.1 Winnie-the-Pooh
1.2 Christopher Robin
1.3 Piglet
1.4 Eeyore
1.5 Kanga
1.6 Roo
1.7 Rabbit
1.8 Tigger
1.9 Owl
2 Minor characters in the books
2.1 Bees
2.2 Rabbit's friends and relations
2.3 Heffalumps
2.4 Woozles
2.5 Jagulars
2.6 The Backson
2.7 Scary trees
2.8 Uncle Robert
3 Characters in Return to the Hundred Acre Wood
3.1 Lottie
3.2 Grandad Buck
3.3 Thesaurus
4 Major characters created by Disney
4.1 The Narrator
4.2 Gopher
4.3 Kessie
4.4 Lumpy
4.5 Darby
4.6 Buster
5 Recurring characters in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
5.1 Birdzilla
5.2 Bugs
5.3 Christopher Robin's mother
5.4 Crows
5.5 Dexter
5.6 Grandfather Gopher
5.7 Father, Mother, and Junior Heffalump
5.8 The Pack Rats
5.9 Skippy
5.10 Stan and Heff
5.11 Wooster
6 Recurring characters in My Friends Tigger and Pooh
6.1 Beaver
6.2 Holly
6.3 Mama Heffalump
6.4 Porcupine
6.5 Possums
6.6 Raccoon
6.7 Skunk
6.8 Squirrels
6.9 Turtle
6.10 Woodpecker
6.11 Springs
7 Other characters
7.1 Pygmy Piglets
7.2 Long John Cottontail
7.3 Babysitter
7.4 Pooh, Piglet, and Tigger look-alikes
8 References
Main characters[edit]
Winnie-the-Pooh[edit]
Main article: Winnie-the-Pooh
Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic, soft-voiced, cuddly, loveable and quiet toy bear and the main protagonist. Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best. A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble.
In the books, Pooh is a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and "hums." He is humble about his slow-wittedness, but comfortable with his creative gifts.
In the Disney adaptations, Pooh has a soft voice, wears a red shirt and his catchphrases are "Oh, Bother!" and "Think, think, think". He has been voiced by Sterling Holloway (1966–1977), Hal Smith (1981–1986) and by Jim Cummings (1988–present).
Christopher Robin[edit]
Main article: Christopher Robin
The sole human character in the story books, he has a "cheerful" and compassionate personality and is someone who Pooh and the others look up to. Despite being a child, he is much wiser and more mature than many of the other characters. Pooh considers both Christopher Robin and Piglet to be his best friends.
Christopher Robin matures considerably over the course of the books. Several chapters in The House at Pooh Corner are concerned with Christopher Robin beginning to go to school and his increasing book-learning. In the final chapter, Christopher Robin leaves his stuffed animals behind and asks Pooh to understand and to always remember him.
In the Disney adaptations, he is 10 years old and he only goes to day school and like in the books he is best friends with both Piglet and Pooh. He and Pooh always do nothing together. He has a best friend named Darby who is a 6 year old girl and hosts My Friends Tigger & Pooh but he only appeared on the show two times. He has been voiced by Bruce Reitherman (1966), Timothy Turner (1974), Jon Walmsley (1968), Kim Christianson (1983), Tim Hoskins (1988–1991), Edan Gross (1991), Brady Bluhm (1997–1999), Tom Attenborough (2000), Tom Wheatley (2003), William Green (2002), Paul Tiesler (2001–2003), Struan Erlenborn (2007–2010), Jack Boulter (2011), and Oliver Bell (2017).
Piglet[edit]
Main article: Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)
Pooh's best friend besides Christopher Robin. In the books he is a timorous small animal, who often takes his lead from Pooh unless overcome by fear. But increasingly through the stories he shows himself to be very brave when faced with a crisis and given sufficient encouragement (usually by Pooh). He is fond of "haycorns".
In the Disney series he is kind, gentle and ordinarily quite shy, but with Pooh by his side, he often overcomes his fears. His catchphrase is "Oh, D-D-Dear!". Piglet lives in a beech tree that he likes to keep neat and tidy, and can sing very well. He has been voiced by John Fiedler (1968–2005), Phil Baron (1983–1986) and by Travis Oates (2005–present).
Eeyore[edit]
Main article: Eeyore
Pooh's ever-glum, sarcastic and pessimistic donkey friend who has trouble keeping his tail attached to his bottom, since the nail keeps falling out. Eeyore has a house made of sticks, which falls apart (many times in the Disney films as a running gag) and has to be rebuilt.
In the Disney cartoons, Eeyore is slow-talking and more cautious than some of the other animals, and is often reluctant to go along with their actions, but usually does not bother trying to oppose anyone because he believes it to be futile to try. His catchphrase is "Thanks for noticing" as indicated to himself. He has been voiced by Ralph Wright (1966–1983), Ron Feinberg (1981), Ron Gans (1983–1986), Peter Cullen (1988–present) and by Bud Luckey (2011).
Kanga[edit]
These stuffed animals are the ones that belonged to Christopher Robin Milne, upon which the stories were based. They are on display in the Donnell Library Center in New York City. The tiger became Tigger, the kangaroo Kanga, the bear Winnie-the-Pooh, the piglet Piglet, and the donkey Eeyore. The kangaroo came with a baby that inspired Roo, but Christopher Robin lost the toy at a young age. Noticeably absent are Owl and Rabbit; these two characters were made up for the stories by the author.
Kanga is a female kangaroo and the doting mother of Roo. The two live in a house near the Sandy Pit in the northwestern part of the forest. Kanga is the only female character to appear in the books. She was based on a stuffed toy that belonged to Christopher Robin Milne.
When Kanga and Roo first come to the forest in chapter seven of Winnie-the-Pooh, everyone thinks Kanga is a fierce animal, but discover this to be untrue and become friends with her. In the books, when Tigger comes to the forest, she welcomes him into her home, attempts to find him food he likes and allows him to live with her and Roo. After this, Kanga treats him much the way she does her own son.
Kanga is kind-hearted, calm, patient and docile. She likes to keep things clean and organized, and offers motherly advice and food to anyone who asks her. She is protective over Roo, almost obsessively, and treats him with kind words and gentle discipline. She also has a sense of humor, as revealed in chapter seven of Winnie-the-Pooh when Rabbit connives to kidnap Roo, leaving Piglet in his place; Kanga pretends not to notice that Piglet is not Roo and proceeds to give him Roo's usual bath, much to Piglet's dismay.
In the Disney adaptations, Kanga's personality is unchanged (though she is a little more sensible and does give Roo some level of independence), but she plays a slightly lesser role and does not appear as often as Roo does. Additionally, Tigger lives in his own house instead of with Kanga (although he is seen frequently visiting her house). Kanga also has a love for carrots. She has been voiced by Barbara Luddy (1966–1977), Julie McWhirter (1983), Patricia Parris (1988–1991), Tress MacNeille (1999), Kath Soucie (2000–2010) and by Kristen Anderson-Lopez (2011–present).
Roo[edit]
Main article: Roo
Kanga's cheerful, playful and energetic joey, who is her son and moved to the Hundred Acre Wood with her. His best friend is a young Heffalump named Lumpy who love to play with him. Roo is the youngest of the main characters.
Voiced in the Disney films by Clint Howard (1966–1977), Dori Whitaker (1974), Dick Billingsley (1983), Kim Christianson (1983–1986), Nicholas Melody (1988–1990), Nikita Hopkins (1999–2005), Jimmy Bennett (2004–2005), Max Burkholder (2007–2010) and by Wyatt Hall (2011–present).
Rabbit[edit]
Main article: Rabbit (Winnie-the-Pooh)
Rabbit is one of the characters not based on a toy once owned by Christopher Robin Milne. He is friendly, yet capable of being impatient and irritable. He fancies himself the smartest animal in the Hundred Acre Wood, since he is not scatterbrained like Owl. He insists on doing things his way and is obsessed with rules, planning and order. He often bosses others around, but deep down, he cares a lot about his friends.
In the Walt Disney films, he takes pride in his garden and dislikes it when the other characters disrupt it. Disney's Rabbit likes gardening, cleaning, and magic tricks.
Voiced in the Disney films by Junius Matthews (1966–1977), Ray Erlenborn (1983), Will Ryan (1983–1986), Ken Sansom (1988–2010) and by Tom Kenny (2011-present).
Tigger[edit]
Main article: Tigger
Pooh's exuberant, happy, less-than-responsible and sometimes trouble-making tiger friend. He bounces around, especially bouncing on others. He is full of energy, outgoing, and likes to have fun and is so overconfident that he thinks that any task is "what tiggers do best". He becomes Roo's best friend and later Pooh's when Roo and Lumpy become best friends.
In the Disney films Tigger commonly mispronounces words, like 'ridickerus' (ridiculous) or 'vill-i-an' (villain) and often causes chaos rather than good. However, Tigger is also shown to be tough, fearless, optimistic and resourceful; he is shown to be protective of Roo when Kanga's not around, as seen in "Too Smart For Strangers". His main catchphrase is "Hoo Hoo Hoo Hoo!" when he is happy. He has been voiced by Paul Winchell (1968–1999), Will Ryan (1983–1986) and by Jim Cummings (1989–present).
He often uses nicknames for the other characters, calling Pooh "Pooh Boy", "Fluff Boy" and "Buddy Bear", Rabbit "Old Long Ears" and "Bunny Boy", and Eeyore "Donkey Boy" (with Tigger pronouncing it as 'dunkey'). In The Tigger Movie and The Book of Pooh, Tigger also sometimes calls Owl "Beak Lips".
Owl[edit]
Owl is the stuffy and talkative eldest main character who presents himself as a mentor and teacher to the others. He was not based on a stuffed toy, so in the illustrations he looks more like a live animal.
Owl and most of his friends believe that he is the most intelligent animal in the wood, but he is really quite scatterbrained. He often rambles on into long-winded speeches and uses words that his friends do not understand. Though Owl likes to present himself as very knowledgeable, like most of the other characters he does not spell very well; he even spells his own name "Wol". When Pooh comes to him for help in writing a birthday greeting for Eeyore, Owl tells Pooh that he is writing, "A very happy birthday with love from Pooh," but in fact writes "HIPY PAPY BTHUTHDTH THUTHDA BTHUTHDY." Pooh, who cannot read or write himself, goes on his way happy with Owl's work and grateful for his help. When Rabbit (who is quite literate) comes to Owl to discuss a notice that Christopher Robin has left, Owl cannot read the notice. But rather than admit this, Owl anxiously bluffs his way through the conversation until he finally tricks Rabbit into reading the notice out loud, at which point Owl resumes his wise demeanor as if he had known all along what it said.
In the books, Owl has a superior but kindly manner towards the others. He can be cross and easily annoyed, especially when his friends ignore or interrupt his long-winded speeches. He sometimes wears reading glasses and he uses his talons for hands, not his wings like in the Disney version. He lives in a tree known as The Chestnuts, described as an "old world residence of great charm". That house is blown down by a storm in the eighth chapter of The House at Pooh Corner. Eeyore eventually discovers what he believes is the perfect new house for Owl, apparently without noticing that it is actually Piglet's house. Nonetheless, Piglet offers the house to Owl. Owl calls his new home "The Wolery".
In the Disney adaptations, Owl is much more jovial and friendly. He speaks with a strong Southern English accent. He enjoys telling stories about his relatives, including his cousin, Dexter, whenever something reminds him of one, but many of his stories are pointless or absurd. His house blows down and he moves into Piglet's house in Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, but these events are disregarded from Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore onward. In Return to Pooh Corner, Owl always wears glasses and loves to cook. He does not appear in My Friends Tigger and Pooh.
He has been voiced by Hal Smith (1966–1991), Andre Stojka (1997–2007) and by Craig Ferguson (2011–present).
Minor characters in the books[edit]
Bees[edit]
A swarm of honeybees makes their debut in the very first chapter. They live in the hive where Pooh tries to get his honey. They frequently appear in virtually every version of the Disney adaptations. There appear to be several different beehives in the Hundred Acre Wood. Whenever Pooh and his friends encounter the bees, trouble usually occurs with the bees going after them.
Rabbit's friends and relations[edit]
Many small mammals and insects in the books are collectively known as Rabbit's Friends and Relations. They do not generally do much or have much character development, and only a few of them are named.
Alexander Beetle is briefly mentioned on page 119 of Winnie-the-Pooh, and he appears to have become upset and hidden himself in a crack for two days, then went to live with his aunt. He is also the subject of a poem in Now We Are Six.
Small (short for Very Small Beetle) is the subject of a search that Rabbit organizes to find him. Making his debut in My Friends Tigger & Pooh, he is the first new Milne character to appear in the Disney adaptations since the debut of Tigger in Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day.
Henry Rush is a beetle. He had a brief mention in The House at Pooh Corner, and has been expanded in Return to the Hundred Acre Wood. He attended the Spelling Bee, kept score at the cricket game, and danced at the Harvest Festival.
Late and Early are two friends mentioned briefly at the end of The House at Pooh Corner and expanded in Return to the Hundred Acre Wood. They attended Christopher Robin's coming home party and received sugar mice. They also attended the Spelling Bee. Although it is never mentioned what species they are, illustrations point to them being mice.
Smallest-of-All, or S. of A. for short, is mentioned near the end of The House at Pooh Corner and near the beginning of Return to the Hundred Acre Wood. He has a tendency to be unsure of what he sees. His species is never revealed.
Rabbit's family appears alongside Rabbit in the books. Many relatives appear in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh episode "Party Poohper" and he occasionally mentions them at other times in the Disney adaptations.
Heffalumps[edit]
Main article: Heffalump
Heffalumps are elephant-like monsters first mentioned in the fifth chapter of the first book and in the third chapter of the second. In the books, Piglet twice has a run-in with a Heffalump that is only a figment of his imagination. The Disney version establishes them as real creatures. Like Pooh imagined in the books, Heffalumps are fond of honey and like to take it for themselves. There have been several real Heffalump characters in the Disney version. Some Heffalumps are villainous creatures and some are genuinely good. Lumpy the heffalump is Roo's good friend, appearing in Pooh's Heffalump Movie and My Friends Tigger and Pooh.
Woozles[edit]
"Woozle" redirects here. For other uses, see Woozle (disambiguation).
A Woozle is a weasel-like monster imagined by the characters in the third and ninth chapters of Winnie-the-Pooh. No Woozles actually appear in A. A. Milne's original stories, but the book depicts them as living in cold, snowy places. They are first mentioned when Pooh and Piglet attempt to capture one, which they assume made the tracks in the snow going around a larch spinney. The more they follow them, the more sets of tracks they find, but Christopher Robin shows them that the tracks around the spinney are their own.
Woozles appear in the song "Heffalumps and Woozles" in Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, which establishes their fondness for stealing honey and their association with Heffalumps. In The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Woozles are real creatures. A Woozle named Stan and his sidekick Heff the Heffalump are recurring villains. They once recruited a giant Woozle named Wooster (also voiced by Jim Cummings) who turned against them when Pooh and his friends taught him the value of friendship. Woozles do not appear in the Disney adaptations nearly as often as Heffalumps do and, unlike Heffalumps, always attempt to act as villains, with Wooster being the only one to change his mind on this.
Jagulars[edit]
Jagulars are imagined jaguar-like fierce creatures that are only mentioned in the fourth chapter of The House at Pooh Corner, in which Pooh and Piglet mistake Tigger for one. According to Pooh, they always yell "Help" (or "Halloo" in Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too!), hang in trees, and drop on you when you look up. Jagulars have yet to actually appear in any Disney adaptations. Their most prominent role to date is in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh where they are mentioned more often and are the main antagonists in a couple of episodes.
The Backson[edit]
The Backson is a creature imagined by the characters after misunderstanding Christopher Robin's note, which meant he would be "back soon" from school. He is mentioned but not seen in The House at Pooh Corner as "the Spotted or Herbaceous Backson" He is the main antagonist in Winnie the Pooh where the animals think he has captured Christopher Robin. Owl describes him as a large, ugly, mean and scary purple and blue creature who ruins or destroys many everyday items, such as books, socks and crayons. Pooh and his friends build a trap to try to capture him (a pit with a trail of books, socks, dishes, toys and other items leading to it), but Christopher Robin reveals that he was never captured, just away at school. At the end of the film, the Backson turns out to be real, but he is a kind and helpful creature who wants to return people's things to them. However, the trap does capture him, as he picks up all the items and then falls into the pit.
The Backson is voiced by Huell Howser.
Scary trees[edit]
Evil living trees that tend to frighten those who encounter them. They first appeared in Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh where Piglet encounters two of them while fleeing in the woods. They make most of their appearances in video games.
Uncle Robert[edit]
Owl's uncle whose portrait hangs on Owl's wall. He is mentioned in the eighth chapter of The House at Pooh Corner, but never actually appears. His portrait appears in Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore when Owl says Uncle Robert celebrated his 103rd birthday, despite claiming to be 97. Return to the Hundred Acre Wood reveals that Uncle Robert is dead, but Owl keeps his ashes in a vase and attempts to write his biography.
Characters in Return to the Hundred Acre Wood[edit]
Lottie[edit]
Lottie is an otter and the only new major character in Return to the Hundred Acre Wood. Lottie is a "feisty" character who is also good at cricket and insists on proper etiquette.[1] She wears a pearl necklace and can play the mouth organ, but is a little snide and snobby in her remarks. She makes her home in a wooden trunk filled with water that she calls Fortitude Hall. According to Benedictus, "Lottie the Otter truly embodies Winnie-the-Pooh's values of friendship and adventure seen throughout Milne's work, thus making the perfect companion for everyone's favourite bear."
Grandad Buck[edit]
Grandad Buck is Rabbit's grandfather. He wears glasses and is described as "Very Ancient and the Head of the Rabbit Family". He does not entirely approve of Rabbit, but gives him advice anyway. He knew Owl's late Uncle Robert, who sent him letters.
Thesaurus[edit]
A Thesaurus is what Piglet imagines to be a large reptilian creature in a similar way to how the characters imagined Heffalumps and other creatures in the original books. Even after Piglet learns what the word "thesaurus" means, he still imagines it to be an animal.
Major characters created by Disney[edit]
The Narrator[edit]
The storyteller who speaks off-screen. Sometimes the characters, who are aware that they are in a book, speak with him while facing him. They sometimes affectionately call him "Mr. Narrator". He sometimes uses his position to help the characters, since he can manipulate the book and pages. Some stories, such as Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin have a narrator, but omit the "book" feature, so the characters are unaware of him. Welcome to Pooh Corner is the only time when viewers actually see his face. He does not appear at all in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Piglet's Big Movie and Pooh's Heffalump Movie (in Pooh's Heffalump Movie, Pooh is the narrator). He is the only Disney-only character who returns for Winnie the Pooh. Typically, he speaks with a Southern English Accent.
Voiced by Sebastian Cabot, Laurie Main, David Warner, John Hurt, David Ogden Stiers, Michael York and most recently John Cleese
Gopher[edit]
Main article: Gopher (Winnie-the-Pooh)
Gopher is a fictional gray anthropomorphic bucktoothed gopher with a habit of whistling out his sibilant consonants. He is based on the beaver in Lady and the Tramp. He often accidentally falls into one of the many holes he makes in the forest ground by forgetting to watch where he is going. Gopher first appears in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree and regularly breaks the fourth wall by pointing out that he is "not in the book", although this simply means that he is 'not in the Phone Book', and the purpose of his statement being to get better business. Originally, he was intended to replace Piglet, but he later became his own character. He also appears in Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day with a smaller role, warning Pooh about the "Windsday".
Gopher is a much more prominent character in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. The series depicts him as a hard worker who takes pride in building tunnels and doing other work, and enjoys blowing things up with dynamite. Gopher and Rabbit often disagree with and complain at each other. In the episode "Lights Out", he is afraid of the dark (mostly instigated by Tigger's claims of dangerous creatures living within his dark tunnels). His grandfather also appears. Gopher's most recent appearances were in A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving, Winnie the Pooh: A Valentine for You and Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh. The latter was included as part of Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie. Gopher was notably absent from the 2011 film.[2]
Voiced by Howard Morris (1966–1977) and most recently Michael Gough (1988–2002)
Kessie[edit]
Kessie is a blue bird with a white belly. She debuted in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh episode "Find Her, Keep Her". Kessie is cheerful, brave and eager to prove herself. As a baby, Rabbit saved her from a snowstorm and she came to live with him and nicknamed him "Rabbie". Rabbit was very protective of her and initially did not want her to fly. After she finally learned to fly, she migrated south for the winter, despite a reluctant Rabbit, but returned in "A Bird in the Hand", where she is now older. In later appearances, she has reverted to being a young bird. After appearing in Seasons of Giving, Kessie was relaunched as a main character in The Book of Pooh, her first regular role, though after the series, Kessie is never seen or mentioned again.
Voiced by Laura Mooney, Stephanie D'Abruzzo and Amanda Maddock.
Lumpy[edit]
Heffridge Trumpler Brompet "Lumpy" Heffalump, IV is a young lavender Heffalump with a tuft of purple hair on his head, a furry bobble-tail and a British accent and is Roo's closest best friend. He lives in a part of the forest called Heffalump Hollow with his mother. He has a stuffed alligator named Alvin and enjoys a snack called rumpledoodles. Lumpy debuts in Pooh's Heffalump Movie. The characters were initially afraid of Heffalumps and set out to capture one. Likewise, Lumpy's mother told him not to leave Heffalump Hollow because of scary creatures outside of it. After Roo "captured" Lumpy, they became best friends and no one was afraid of each other anymore. Lumpy also features in Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie and My Friends Tigger & Pooh.
Voiced by Kyle Stanger.
Darby[edit]
Darby is a 6-year-old feisty, imaginative and tomboyish red-headed girl who is the hostess of My Friends Tigger & Pooh and is Christopher Robin's younger best friend and sister. She takes care of Tigger, Pooh, and the Hundred Acre Wood gang while her older brother and best friend, Christopher Robin goes to college. She is the leader of the problem-solving Super Sleuths along with Tigger, Pooh and her pet puppy Buster. They are the only four characters to appear in every episode. Darby is brave, inquisitive, clever and imaginative. Her catchphrases are "Time to slap my cap" and "Good sleuthin', everyone!" For the most part, she replaced Christopher Robin, who was away at college and rarely appears in the My Friends Tigger and Pooh, but the episode "Christopher Froggin" reveals that she is Christopher Robin's young best friend. Christopher Robin only appeared in two episodes. After the cancellation of the series, she and other new characters from the series ceased appearing, until returning in 2016 when the series returned on Disney Junior for Pooh's 90th anniversary.
Voiced by Chloë Grace Moretz.
Buster[edit]
Buster is Darby's beloved and curious pet puppy and sidekick in My Friends Tigger & Pooh. He is white and wears a red collar with a gold tag. He appears in every episode and is a member of the Super Sleuths. Though he often seems to be only tagging along with the group, he is often a valuable asset in their work. Buster likes to yap loudly when he is excited or on the scent of something.
Voiced by Dee Bradley Baker
Recurring characters in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh[edit]
Birdzilla[edit]
A Dragon-like monster that appeared in the episode "Pooh Oughta Be in Pictures", it was based on Godzilla.
Bugs[edit]
A swarm of green insects who invade Rabbit's garden in several episodes of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and try to eat his vegetables. They resemble caterpillars, but are much shorter and have only six limbs. The leader wears an old-fashioned bicorne and acts like an army general. They are the main antagonists in Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too.
Christopher Robin's mother[edit]
Appearing only in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and in The Book of Pooh: Stories from the Heart, Christopher Robin's mother's face is never shown. She is normally seen from behind, and when we see the front of her, she is usually seen from the chest down. She enforces the rules on her son, but is usually calm and patient with him and loves him very much. His father is never seen or mentioned. Just like her son, she has light brown hair.
Voiced by Patricia Parris and most recently Vicki Kenderes-Eibner.
Crows[edit]
A flock of crows appears in several episodes of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh trying to steal Rabbit's vegetables. There are commonly three or four of them. A bigger and more fiendish version of the crows appear only in "A Very Very Large Animal" stealing food from a picnic and eating corn in Rabbit's garden. A redesigned version of the crows appears briefly in Springtime with Roo.
Dexter[edit]
Owl's young cousin who wears glasses. He appeared in "Owl in the Family" and "The Bug Stops Here". In the former, his parents Torbet and Ophelia appear, and in the latter, he becomes friends with Roo, who is the same age as him, while Pooh babysits them. He talks in a similar manner to Owl.
Voiced by Hal Smith.
Grandfather Gopher[edit]
Gopher's grandfather who prefers to "dream" rather than "do". Gopher calls him "Grandpappy". He appears in "To Dream the Impossible Scheme" during the "Pewter Pickaxe" contest that Gopher is desperate to see him win by building an above-ground underground city. He also appears briefly in "Easy Come, Easy Gopher" and is mentioned in "Grown But Not Forgotten".
Voiced by Jim Cummings.
Father, Mother, and Junior Heffalump[edit]
A family of Heffalumps who appeared in "There's No Camp Like Home" and "Trap as Trap Can". Piglet was afraid of Heffalumps before they met and became friends. They live in a house made of logs. Junior wants to make his father, who has many implausible allergies, proud of him.
The Pack Rats[edit]
Three rodents (all voiced by Jim Cummings) who appear as recurring antagonists. They steal anything they can and leave a walnut in exchange, thinking it as payment. The orange Pack Rat is fat and dimwitted, the brown one is grumpy and complaining, and the gray one is their leader. They debut in "Nothing But the Tooth" where they are more like real villains, but in "The Rats Who Came to Dinner", they turn out to be misunderstood and actually help the characters. However, they always return to their urge to steal. Their third and final appearance is in "Oh, Bottle!"
Skippy[edit]
A very large sheepdog belonging to a neighbor of Christopher Robin's. He appears in "Sorry, Wrong Slusher" and "A Pooh Day Afternoon". He is a nice dog, but sometimes makes trouble for the characters. Piglet is afraid of him (as shown in "Sorry, Wrong Slusher", where he thinks Skippy is the "slusher" that Christopher Robin and the animals are afraid of). Unlike other animal characters, Skippy is not anthropomorphized.
Stan and Heff[edit]
Stan and Heff are gangster-like villains who appeared in the episodes "The Great Honey Pot Robbery" and "A Bird in the Hand". They are a Woozle and a Heffalump respectively and try to steal as much honey as they can. Stan is the smarter and more irritable of the two and does most of the scheming, while his dimwitted sidekick Heff provides the muscle. He is also afraid of mice and thinks that Roo is a giant mouse.
Voiced by Ken Sansom and Chuck McCann respectively.
Wooster[edit]
A giant woozle who only appears in "The Great Honey Pot Robbery." He is actually revealed to be a nice woozle, despite his size.
Recurring characters in My Friends Tigger and Pooh[edit]
Beaver[edit]
Beaver lives in a dam near Poohsticks Bridge. He bears a strong resemblance to Gopher, who does not appear in My Friends Tigger and Pooh. Both are hard working rodents with similar appearances and personalities, although Beaver is a little more easygoing.
Voiced by Jim Cummings.
Holly[edit]
Holly is one of Santa's reindeer. She and her mother Vixen appear in Super Sleuth Christmas Movie. Holly came to the forest to find Santa's lost magic bag. The characters rescue her, help her find the bag and accompany her home. When they reach the North Pole, she flies for the first time. She returns for a visit in the episode "Home For the Holly Days". She is voiced by Makaila Baumel.
Mama Heffalump[edit]
Mama Heffalump is Lumpy's mother and the biggest resident of the Hundred Acre Wood. She first appears in Pooh's Heffalump Movie saving Roo from being trapped in a pile of logs, and later appears in episodes of My Friends Tigger and Pooh.
Voiced by Brenda Blethyn/Patricia Parris.
Porcupine[edit]
Porcupine can play the flute and has a passion for cooking but cannot see without her glasses. She is a close friend with Turtle, who is the only character who can hug her because of her sharp quills. They were pen pals before he came to the forest.
Voiced by Tara Strong.
Possums[edit]
Twin possum siblings first appear in "Topsy Turvy Tigger," where they attempt to invite others to their birthday party through use of upside-down drawings. They later appear in "Darby's Im-possum-ible Case", in which the characters are shown meeting them for the first time. They look alike, but have opposite personalities. The boy is zippy and outgoing, while the girl is shy and flees from crowds.
Voiced by Sydney Saylor.
Raccoon[edit]
Raccoon first appears in "Darby's Lost and Found" and later makes regular appearances in the series. He is in charge of a junk/fix-it shop. He speaks a bit like a hippie, and is annoyed when Tigger refers to his "mask," which is just part of his fur.
Voiced by Rob Paulsen.
Skunk[edit]
Skunk first appears in "Skunk's Non-Scents". He is initially upset that he cannot produce a skunk's foul odor. After it is revealed why and when skunks spray, he accomplishes it, pleasing himself. In "Beaver Gets Skunked", Beaver is reluctant to accept him due to skunks' reputation, but overcomes his prejudice and they become friends.
Voiced by James Arnold Taylor.
Squirrels[edit]
Various unnamed squirrels appear frequently in the Hundred Acre Wood. They usually do not speak. They appear numerous times in My Friends Tigger and Pooh, occasionally playing a role in the plot of an episode, and Buster likes to chase them. Squirrels also appear in The Tigger Movie and Piglet's Big Movie.
Turtle[edit]
Turtle has been Porcupine's friend and pen pal since before he came to live in the forest. He lives a slow and easy life, moves slowly, and speaks with a southeastern United States accent. Turtle enjoys quiet activities like bird watching or playing checkers with his friends. Because of his shell, he is the only character who can hug Porcupine.
Voiced by Mark Hamill.
Woodpecker[edit]
Woodpecker is an absent-minded woodpecker who irritates Rabbit by pecking on his house and talks in a fast, bouncy and high-pitched voice. Although Owl does not appear in the series, Woodpecker does share some characteristics with him.
Voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Springs[edit]
A bouncing robot who only appears in "Tigger Gets Bounced." Rabbit built Springs to replace Tigger's bouncing. Tigger and Springs compete in a bouncing contest that ends with Springs winning, which gratefully hurts Tigger's feelings. After Beaver foolishly tries to use Springs to mash dirty water (even though Rabbit warns him that Springs isn't supposed to get wet), Springs then short circuits and becomes hostile. Tigger battles Springs while protecting others. After Tigger and Springs disappear behind a hill, an unseen fight is heard. In the end, Tigger comes out from behind the hill, concluding that he had defeated Springs.
Other characters[edit]
Pygmy Piglets[edit]
The Pygmy Piglets only appear in "The Piglet Who Would Be King", an episode of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. They are about half the height of Piglet and are all clad in white clothing. They reside in the Land of Milk and Honey, which is where Piglet and his friends go to collect more honey for Pooh. They proclaim Piglet their king and a spring from a broken Jack-in-the-box, given to Piglet as a friendship present from Pooh, is thought to be the tail of a Piglet statue with a honey fountain. When the spring is removed later, the volcano of honey erupts, but Piglet, with the assistance of the Pygmies, diverts the honey flow using two statues and is hailed as a hero.
Long John Cottontail[edit]
Long John Cottontail is Rabbit's deceased great-great uncle. He only appears in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh episode "Rabbit Marks the Spot". Rabbit is annoyed at Pooh, Piglet, Tigger and Gopher for digging up his garden when pretending to be pirates, so he buries a treasure chest full of rocks in the ground and tells them it was the treasure of Long John Cottontail. He gives them a map showing where it is. They find it (despite Rabbit regretting his action and trying to stop them). Rabbit admits that he buried the rocks, but Pooh, Piglet, Tigger and Gopher still believe it was Long John Cottontail, and the rocks were very useful to them. The ghost of Long John Cottontail then appears and says that the animals found his buried rocks, which scares them all away. He is confused as to why they are scared of him, ending the episode.
Babysitter[edit]
A babysitter appears in The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh episode "Babysitter Blues". Christopher Robin, Pooh, Piglet and Tigger repeatedly make a mess at night when his mother is out, and the babysitter gets upset, at one point telling him that if his mother saw the mess she'd never let her babysit again. However, at the end of the episode, Christopher Robin does not make a mess and the babysitter thinks he has been swapped with someone else.
Like Christopher Robin's mother, the Babysitter's face is not shown.
Pooh, Piglet, and Tigger look-alikes[edit]
Three stuff animals who look almost like Pooh, Piglet, and Tigger, but resemble gangsters and are partly bad guys. They only appear in "How Much is That Rabbit in the Window" where they try to steal Rabbit's tag in hopes of getting someone to buy them from the toy store, but the store's owner is seemly unaware of them. After Christopher Robin bought Rabbit, he encouraged them that someone will buy them one day. They then take Rabbit's advice and continue to wait for someone to buy them.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "New friend joins Winnie-the-Pooh". BBC. 2009-09-30. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Movie Review: Winnie the Pooh California Literary Review". Retrieved 2011-07-16.
[hide]
v
t
e
Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne
Books
When We Were Very Young (1924)
Winnie-the-Pooh (1926)
Now We Are Six (1927)
The House at Pooh Corner (1928)
Return to the Hundred Acre Wood (2009)
The Best Bear in All the World (2016)
Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen (2016)
Characters
Winnie-the-Pooh
Disney version
Piglet
Tigger
Christopher Robin
Rabbit
Eeyore
Owl
Roo
Heffalumps
Gopher
Featurettes
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966)
Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968)
Winnie-the-Pooh (1969)
Winnie-the-Pooh Pays a Visit (1971)
Winnie-the-Pooh and a Busy Day (1972)
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1974)
Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore (1983)
Short films
Winnie the Pooh Discovers the Seasons (1981)
Feature films
Walt Disney Animation Studios films
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
DisneyToon Studios films
The Tigger Movie (2000)
Piglet's Big Movie (2003)
Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)
Live-action remake
Christopher Robin (2018)
Direct-to-video films
Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin (1997)
Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving (1999)
The Book of Pooh: Stories from the Heart (2001)
Winnie the Pooh: A Very Merry Pooh Year (2002)
Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo (2004)
Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie (2005)
Super Sleuth Christmas Movie (2007)
Tigger & Pooh and a Musical Too (2009)
Super Duper Super Sleuths (2010)
Television
Welcome to Pooh Corner (1983–1987)
The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1988–1991)
The Book of Pooh (2001–2004)
My Friends Tigger & Pooh (2007–2010)
Specials
Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990)
Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too (1991)
Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh (1996)
A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving (1998)
A Valentine for You (1999)
Video games
Winnie the Pooh in the Hundred Acre Wood (1986)
Disney's Animated Storybook
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1995)
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1999)
Kingdom Hearts (2002 onwards
Ready to Read with Pooh (1997)
Tigger's Honey Hunt (2000)
Piglet's Big Game (2003)
Winnie the Pooh's Rumbly Tumbly Adventure (2005)
Disney Friends (2007)
Winnie the Pooh's Home Run Derby (2007)
Songs
"Winnie the Pooh" (1966)
"Up, Down and Touch the Ground" (1966)
"Rumbly in My Tumbly" (1966)
"Little Black Rain Cloud" (1966)
"Mind over Matter" (1966)
"A Rather Blustery Day" (1968)
"The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers" (1968)
"Heffalumps and Woozles" (1968)
"The Rain Rain Rain Came Down Down Down" (1968)
"Hip Hip Pooh-Ray!" (1968)
"House at Pooh Corner" (1970)
"I Hum to Myself" (1983)
"The Right Side" (1983)
"You're the Only You" (1983)
"Try a Little Something New" (1983)
People
Christopher Robin Milne
E. H. Shepard
Harry Colebourn
Shirley Slesinger Lasswell
Stephen Slesinger
Sherman Brothers
David Benedictus
Mark Burgess
Related
Ashdown Forest
Bother! The Brain of Pooh
Disney franchise
Hundred Acre Wood
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction
More Songs from Pooh Corner
Pooh's Hunny Hunt
Poohsticks
Return to Pooh Corner
The Tao of Pooh
The Te of Piglet
Eeyore's Birthday Party
Winnipeg the Bear
A Bear Named Winnie
Goodbye Christopher Robin
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De Wallen
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De Wallen, Amsterdam's Red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffee shops that sell marijuana. It is one of the main tourist attraction.
De Wallen (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʋɑlə(n)]) or De Walletjes (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʋɑləcəs]) is the largest and best known Red-light district in Amsterdam. It consists of a network of alleys containing approximately three hundred one-room cabins rented by prostitutes who offer their sexual services from behind a window or glass door, typically illuminated with red lights and blacklight. Window prostitution is the most visible and typical kind of red-light district sex work in Amsterdam.
De Wallen, together with the prostitution areas Singelgebied and Ruysdaelkade, form the Rosse Buurt (red-light areas) of Amsterdam. Of these De Wallen is the oldest and largest area. The prostitutes are a large tourist attraction.
The area also has a number of sex shops, sex theatres, peep shows, a sex museum, a cannabis museum, and a number of coffee shops that sell marijuana.
Contents
1 History
2 Location
3 Sex work
4 Cannabis coffeeshops
5 Abuses and human rights
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Near the Oude Kerk.
The Rokin and Damrak run along the original course of the river Amstel. These two roads meet in Dam Square which marks the spot where a bridge was built across the river in 1270. It had doors which were used to dam the river at certain times to avoid flooding. The Damrak then became a harbor and it was around this area that the red-light district first appeared. The walled canals led to the names De Wallen and Walletjes (little walls).
Historically because of proximity to the harbor the area has attracted both prostitution and migrant populations and these are the features it is best known for today.[1]
From late Medieval times, the trade started to be restricted. Married men and priests were forbidden to enter the area. In 1578 during the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule a Protestant city board was formed with fornication deemed punishable. Sex workers were banned and forced underground. They would work for a madam who provided room and board, protection and advice. Often the madam and girls would venture out at night visiting pubs and inns to pick up clients. Parlours remained illegal but tolerated if kept hidden. Trade remained small-scale though spread across the city. Well-known areas were De Haarlemmerdijk, De Houttuinen, Zeedijk and around the harbor.
In the 18th century, wealthy men would meet prostitutes at gambling houses on De Gelderskade and Zeedijk. The women would then take the men back to the parlors where they came from. However, these were often unappealing to a gentleman of means. A solution to this problem was for the gambling houses to provide board for the women. This suited everyone including the authorities. The gambling houses invested in luxury furnishings and gradually they became brothels employing up to 30 women. Famous brothels included De Pijl in Pijlstraat, De Fonteyn in Nieuwmarkt and Madame Therese on the Prinsengracht. For those who could not afford entry to these houses, there were still women to be found around Oudekerksplein and unofficial policies of tolerance remained, although prostitution was technically illegal.
In 1811 the ban on prostitution was lifted. In this Napoleonic period, French soldiers were the main customers of prostitutes in De Wallen.[2] Regulation was introduced and there were compulsory health checks to protect soldiers from venereal diseases. They were given a red card which was a permit to work. If found to be infected the card was taken until they could prove they were disease free. Because there was no reliable treatment for syphilis at this time this lead to dangerous treatments such as mercury baths to ease symptoms.
In the early 20th century religious organizations ran campaigns to try to end prostitution. In 1911 a law was passed banning brothels and pimping, but prostitution was not outlawed. Once again it was driven underground and tolerated as long it did not cause a disturbance. With the closure of many parlors in De Wallen some women moved to De Pijp. In 1935 it was estimated that there were around 150 disguised parlors. Fronts included massage, pedicure, manicure, and beauty treatments. Sex workers continued to work around the Oudekerksplein. Instead of being visible as they are today they would stand behind closed curtains and peer through a small crack looking for customers. If they stood in the doorway they would be arrested.
Location[edit]
Location
Prostitution behind the Oude Kerk.
De Wallen by night.
The total area is approximately 6,500 square metres (1.6 acres), limited by the Niezel in the north, the sea dike/Nieuwmarkt in the east, the Sint Jansstraat in the south and the Warmoesstraat in the west. Prostitution takes place within this area in the following streets: Barndesteeg, Bethlehemsteeg, Bloedstraat, Boomsteeg (now closed), Dollebegijnensteeg, Enge Kerksteeg, Goldbergersteeg, Gordijnensteeg, Molensteeg, Monnikenstraat, Oudekerksplein, Oudekennissteeg, Oudezijds Achterburgwal, Oudezijds Voorburgwal, Sint Annendwarsstraat, Sint Annenstraat, Stoofsteeg, and Trompettersteeg.
Between Sint Jansstraat and Sint Annenstraat and running parallel to them are Leidekkerssteeg, Gooijersteeg, Blaauwlakensteeg, and Zwartlakensteeg. At least three of these had red light windows which were closed in the 1970s. Today these alleys are blocked by locked gates although the remains of some bricked over windows can be seen in the architecture. In the 1990s Slapersteeg was also closed and a gate now blocks the alley.
In the 1990s parts of Sint Annenstraat and Sint Annendwarsstraat were demolished. The rooms in Goldbergersteeg were opened after this time.
Sex work[edit]
Sex work
Bronze statue Belle in front of the Oude Kerk by Els Rijerse. The inscription reads "Respect sex workers all over the world."
Sex theater in Amsterdam (Red-light district).
Prostitution is legal in the Netherlands, with the exception of street prostitution, but work permits are not issued in the form of a green card for prostitution; therefore legally working in the trade is limited mostly to EU citizens or foreign permanent residents. (A non-EU citizen can work legally in the Netherlands without a work permit in certain circumstances, for instance, if they are the spouse of a local citizen.) From January 2013 the legal working age of a prostitute in the Netherlands was raised from 18 to 21.[3]
Whilst health and social services are readily available, sex workers are required to undergo regular health checks at the government's expense. Brothel owners and room operators often require health certificates such as the SERVSAFE test before employing or leasing rooms.[4]
To counter negative publicity, Mariska Majoor, founder of the Prostitution Information Center, organized two "open days" in February 2006 and March 2007, allowing visitors access to some window brothels and peep shows and informing them about the working conditions there.[5][6] Majoor was also instrumental in having the world's first monument to sex workers[7] installed in the red light district. The bronze statue was unveiled on the Oudekerksplein in front of the Oude Kerk at the open day in March 2007 and shows a woman standing in a doorway.[7]
Cannabis coffeeshops[edit]
Cannabis coffeeshops in the RLD and elsewhere in the Netherlands are licensed to sell cannabis and serve soft drinks. Food, alcohol, and indoor tobacco smoking are generally not permitted.
Before the onset of coffeeshop licensing, some began openly selling cannabis. The first coffee shops opened in the 1970s. These faced trouble from police and the local councils with frequent closures. In 1976, the government of the Netherlands began to take steps to decriminalize the use and possession of cannabis by changing the law so that possession of up to 30 grams of cannabis was no longer a criminal offense.[8]
The gedoogbeleid or tolerance policy gave rise to coffeeshop licensing which meant that as long as coffeeshops did not sell hard drugs, they were allowed to operate. Coffeeshops were not allowed to operate in certain cities near the borders of Germany and Belgium because it was felt soft drug use might raise crime there.[citation needed]
The government of Netherlands has continually been under pressure from different western countries to rein in coffeeshops, leading to several coffeeshops being shut down for flouting rules, with no licenses issued to new operators. This approach has continued since 1995. In the 1990s, the coffeeshop owners organized themselves into a union, the Bond van cannabis Detaillisten or BCD, set up to represent the interests of the coffeeshops which were under constant pressure from local councils.[citation needed]
A recent policy has ordered that 26 coffeeshops in the De Wallen area will have to close their doors between 1 September 2012 and 31 August 2015.[9]
Abuses and human rights[edit]
Glass doors to rooms rented by prostitutes in the Amsterdam Red-light district.
Netherlands has been listed by a report of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime as a top destination for victims of human trafficking:[10][11]
According to Job Cohen, the former mayor of Amsterdam, "We've realized this is no longer about small-scale entrepreneurs but that big crime organizations are involved here in trafficking women, drugs, killings and other criminal activities".[12]
Groups of sex workers have also worked to raise awareness of their rights. The Prostitute Information Centre, founded in the 1990s, is a prostitute-led organisation offering tours of the area and information concerning safety and the rights of the people involved.[13] While sex workers in brothels currently have to register, it has been suggested making escorts and kamer workers register, which has been opposed by some sex worker groups out of concern it would favor pimps over the workers themselves.[14] Jan Fisher of Red Thread commented: “The ones who want to work know how devastating the stigma could be, and will be. They will try to work outside this system and they’ll be vulnerable when they’re detected by the police and tax office, and the ones who are trafficked may be forced by their pimps to register so they have a kind of legal status.”[15]
In 2007 a statue called "Belle" was unveiled on the Oudekerksplein with the inscription "Respect sex workers all over the world".[16]
About 75% of Amsterdam's prostitutes are from Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, according to a former prostitute who produced a report about the sex trade.[12][17]
European citizens of the 28 member EU states have the legal right under internal market to employment in the Netherlands in any work. Citizens of other countries must already have a valid residence permit (not visitor visa) to work legally in the sex trade as work permits are not issued for the jobs.[18]
TAMPEP research into origin of migrant sex workers records 60% of workers in the Netherlands are foreign born, with the highest proportion of these (43%) from elsewhere in Europe.[19] This represents a decrease from 70% migrants in sex work as recorded in 2006. The report cites high internal mobility within the EU as the reason for this decrease.
Man negotiating with a sex worker.
In 2004, Amsterdam authorities commissioned research into pimping and human trafficking in Amsterdam. The Willem Plompe institution took up that job. The researchers, under the leadership of professor Frank Bovenkerk,[20] found that women under the control of a pimp can be easily put to work in the legal brothels with the brothel owners being aware that the women are controlled by pimps. The general setup of window prostitution was said to be helpful to pimps, as it facilitates the direct control of the women by their pimp.[21]
A Christian organization of aid workers named the 'Scharlaken Koord’ (in English, Scarlet Cord) has set up a special 'pal'-program for prostitutes in which the pals help the women build a new social network.[22]
Amsterdam street post and advertising.
Bronze relief in the cobblestones near the Oude Kerk. Created and installed by artist Rob Hodgson.
In September 2007, the city council of Amsterdam at the behest of mayor Job Cohen, concerned about trafficking and pimping in the area, forced the owner Charlie Geerts to close 51 prostitution windows, reducing the total number of windows in De Wallen by a third. Amsterdam authorities bought 18 properties from Geerts, with the aim of developing the area with fashion designers and other upscale businesses.[23]
Mariska Majoor of the Prostitution Information Center and representatives of the sex worker rights group De Rode Draad have decried the decision, claiming it would not reduce crime but would only lead to higher rent and more competition for the remaining windows.[24][25]
In January 2008, the city council announced plans to close the Rosso live sex theatre and the Banana bar strip club in the area.[26] Local business owners have formed the group "Platform 1012" (named after the zipcode of the area) to oppose the efforts of the Amsterdam government.[23] In the end, the actions of the city government resulted in the closure of the Yab Yum brothel.
At the end of 2008, mayor Job Cohen announced plans to close half of the city’s 400 prostitution windows because of suspected criminal gang activity; part of the city's 70 marijuana cafes and sex clubs will also be closed. Mayor Job Cohen: "It is not that we want to get rid of our red-light district. We want to reduce it. Things have become unbalanced and if we do not act we will never regain control".[17]
In 2009, the Dutch justice ministry announced plans to close 320 prostitution "windows" from Amsterdam.[27]
A former Amsterdam prostitute who is now a city councillor said: "There are people who are really proud of the red light district as a tourist attraction. It's supposed to be such a wonderful, cheery place that shows just what a free city we are. But I think it's a cesspit. There's a lot of serious criminality. There's a lot of exploitation of women, and a lot of social distress. That's nothing to be proud of."[28]
But in 2013 Metje Blaak, who worked in the sex trade for 25 years before turning to film making, says closing legal brothels will push women out onto the streets. “In the window is safe, open. You can see your clients. You can see everything,” she says.[29]
See also[edit]
Hash, Marihuana & Hemp Museum
Prostitution in the Netherlands
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ditmore, Melissa (2006). Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 782. ISBN 978-0313329692.
Jump up ^ de Waard, Marco (2012). Imagining Global Amsterdam, History, Culture, and Geography in a World City. Amsterdam University Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-9089643674.
Jump up ^ Legal age for prostitution raised in Amsterdam | Dutch News
Jump up ^ "Amsterdam to raise prostitution age, bring in brothel closing hours". DutchNews.nl. 2013-02-27. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Mutsvairo, Bruce (23 February 2006). "Amsterdam Red Light District turns spotlight on its practice". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Red Light District holds 2nd annual Open Day". Dutchamsterdam.nl. 9 March 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Statue in honor of prostitutes unveiled, DutchAmsterdam.nl. Accessed 21 September 2007
Jump up ^ accessed 17 March 2014 Archived 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Straatgerichte aanpak" [Street-oriented approach] (in Dutch). Amsterdam.nl. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Special Reports - UN highlights human trafficking". 2007-03-26. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "With reference to the citation index, ten countries in the Trafficking Database score very high as reported destinations for trafficked victims. Five of these countries are in Western Europe (in alphabetical order): Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy and the Netherlands. Among Asian countries that score very high are Israel and Turkey (Western Asia and Turkey); Japan (Eastern Asia); Thailand (South-Eastern Asia). The other very highly reported destination country is the United States (North America)" (pg 63).[1]
^ Jump up to: a b Simons, Marlise (24 February 2008). "Amsterdam Tries Upscale Fix for Red-Light District Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "PIC". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sex workers say 'no' to licensing law". RNW Media. Archived from the original on 2014-05-28. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ http://rodedraad.nl/nieuws/de-wet-regulering-prostitutie.html[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "History of Amsterdam's Red Light District". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Login". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Work". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sex work in Europe" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2016-07-19.
Jump up ^ "'Loverboys' of modern pooierschap in Amsterdam" (PDF). 12 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2006.
Jump up ^ Slavenhandel op de wallen Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine., NRC-handelsblad, Ruth Hopkins, 1 October 2005. (in Dutch)
Jump up ^ Super User. "home algemeen". Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b RadioNetherlands.nl[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Amsterdam Cuts Prostitute Displays, Spiegel Online, 21 September 2007
Jump up ^ "Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade" by Anushka Asthana, The Observer, September 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ Casa Rosso is next red light target, DutchNews.nl, 17 January 2008
Jump up ^ "Amsterdam courts ready to clean up red light district". 2009-01-19. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
Jump up ^ RNW.nl[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Sean Mallen (6 May 2013). "Amsterdam turns out the red lights in famed district". Global News. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
External links[edit]
Media related to Red-light district (Amsterdam) at Wikimedia Commons
Prostitution Information Centre
Where to find De Wallen? – a map of the Red Light District area in Amsterdam
Coordinates: 52°22′24.3″N 4°53′53.0″E / 52.373417°N 4.898056°E / 52.373417; 4.898056
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