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Scarecrow (Oz)
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The Scarecrow
Oz character
Illustration by W. W. Denslow from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
First appearance
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
Created by
L. Frank Baum
Portrayed by
Ray Bolger
Michael Jackson
Voiced by
Paul Scheer (Once Upon a Time)
Information
Aliases
Socrates Strawman
Chang Wang Woe
Fiyero Tigelaar
Species
Scarecrow
Gender
Male
Occupation
Ruler of Oz
Tin Woodman's treasurer
Corn farmer
Title
His Majesty the Scarecrow
Royal Treasurer
Emperor of the Silver Islands
Spouse(s)
Tsing Tsing (in his former incarnation)
Children
3 sons
15 grandsons (from his former incarnation)
The Scarecrow is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum and illustrator W.W. Denslow. In his first appearance, the Scarecrow reveals that he lacks a brain and desires above all else to have one. In reality, he is only two days old and merely ignorant. Throughout the course of the novel, he demonstrates that he already has the brains he seeks and is later recognized as "the wisest man in all of Oz," although he continues to credit the Wizard for them. He is, however, wise enough to know his own limitations and all too happy to hand the rulership of Oz, passed to him by the Wizard, to Princess Ozma, to become one of her trusted advisors, though he typically spends more time playing games than advising.
Contents
1 In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
2 In Wicked Musical
3 In the Novel "Wicked" by Gregory Maguire
4 In the Novel "Son of a Witch" by Gregory Maguire
5 Scholarly interpretations
6 Later Oz books
7 Film portrayals
7.1 Early films
7.2 The Wizard of Oz
7.3 The Oz Kids
7.4 Oz the Great and Powerful
7.5 Other adaptations
8 Modern works
9 References
In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz[edit]
In Baum's classic 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the living scarecrow encounters Dorothy Gale in a field in the Munchkin Country while she is on her way to the Emerald City. He tells her about his creation and of how he at first scared away the crows, before an older one realised he was a straw man, causing the other crows to start eating the corn. The old crow then told the Scarecrow of the importance of brains. The "mindless" Scarecrow joins Dorothy in the hope that The Wizard will give him a brain. They are later joined by the Tin Woodman and the Cowardly Lion. When the group goes to the West, he kills the Witch's crows by twisting their necks. He is taken apart by the Flying Monkeys and his clothes thrown up a tree, but when his clothes are filled with straw he is back again. After Dorothy and her friends have completed their mission to kill the Wicked Witch of the West, the Wizard gives the Scarecrow brains (made out of bran, pins and needles – in reality a placebo, as he has been the most intelligent of the travelers all along). Before he leaves Oz in a balloon, the Wizard appoints the Scarecrow to rule the Emerald City in his stead. He accompanies Dorothy and the others to the palace of the Good Witch of the South Glinda, and she uses the Golden Cap to summon the Winged Monkeys, who take the Scarecrow back to the Emerald City.
His desire for a brain notably contrasts with the Tin Woodman's desire for a heart, reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions. Indeed, both believe they have neither. This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends as to why their own choices are superior; neither convinces the other, and Dorothy, listening, is unable to decide which one is right. Symbolically, because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest, she is provided with both and need not select.[1]
In Wicked Musical[edit]
In the musical of Gregory Maguire's interpretation of the Oz franchise, this version of the Scarecrow was Fiyero Tigelaar, the love interest of Elphaba Thropp. Fiyero attends school with Elphaba and Glinda the Good, while they were all still young. Fiyero takes a special interest in Elphaba. However, he is highly sought after by Elphaba's roommate, Glinda. Fiyero and Elphaba share a secret romance, and when she leaves for the Emerald City, he gives her a long and meaningful goodbye.
Many years later, after Elphaba goes into hiding, we are shown that Glinda and Fiyero are to be wed. However this is not because of love, at least not on Fiyero's part, for he still loves Elphaba. Once she reappears in the Emerald City, they escape together, much to Glinda's discontent. Elphaba then goes to the site of her sister's death (Dorothy's arrival into Oz). Here she is ambushed by guards, and about to be taken away, when Fiyero saves her, but he is merely sacrificing himself to save her. Elphaba in a fit of rage and heartbreak reads a spell to keep Fiyero safe, with the words of the spell including pleas to let him feel no pain and never die however they try to destroy him. Although Elphaba abandons the spell as she believes it is not working, it is not until the end of the production that we are shown that Fiyero is still alive, and has been transformed into the Scarecrow from "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz".
In the Novel "Wicked" by Gregory Maguire[edit]
In Gregory Maguire's novel "Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West" The Scarecrow is a companion of Dorothy. When the quartet of Dorothy, The Scarecrow, Tin Woodman, and Lion approach Elphaba's home in Fiyero's castle, she thinks for a moment that maybe Fiyero is the Scarecrow, having not died earlier in the novel. She sends minions after him to tear him apart to see if Fiyero is inside, but he is not. In the novel he is not Fiyero, but this is probably where the idea for the stage version came from.
In the Novel "Son of a Witch" by Gregory Maguire[edit]
The Scarecrow appears briefly in this novel, first giving Liir advice. When he appears at Glinda's induction Liir notes that it is an obvious impostor and not the same Scarecrow that he once knew.
Scholarly interpretations[edit]
Main article: Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Denslow's drawing of scarecrow hung up on pole and helpless, from first edition of book, 1900
July 1896 Puck cartoon shows farmer hung up on pole and helpless; was this Denslow's inspiration? The hat says "silverite"; the locomotive is gold
Economics and history professors have published scholarly studies that indicate the images and characters used by Baum and Denslow closely resembled political images that were well known in the 1890s. The Scarecrow, like other characters and elements in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, was a common theme found in editorial cartoons of the previous decade. Baum and Denslow, like most writers, used the materials at hand that they knew best. They built a story around them, added Dorothy, and added a series of lessons to the effect that everyone possesses the resources they need (such as brains, a heart and courage) if only they had self-confidence. Although it was a children’s book, of course, Baum noted in the preface that it was a "modernized" fairy tale as well.
Those who interpret The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a political allegory often see the Scarecrow, a central figure, as a reflection of the popular image of the American farmer—although he has been persuaded that he is only a dumb hick, he possesses a strong common sense, remarkable insight and quick-wittedness that needs only to be reinforced by self-confidence.
The blackface minstrel star, Fred Stone, was the first to play the Scarecrow on stage, and he brought his minstrel style of performance to the role of the Scarecrow. Baum was delighted with Stone's performance, and he wrote subsequent Oz books with Stone's minstrel-style in mind.[2]
Later Oz books[edit]
Cover of The Scarecrow of Oz (1915) by L. Frank Baum; illustration by John R. Neill
The Scarecrow also appears in other Oz books, sharing further adventures with Dorothy and her friends. His reign as king of the Emerald City ends in The Marvelous Land of Oz when General Jinjur and her Army of Revolt oust him in a coup. He manages to escape the palace and joins Tip and his companions in seeking the aid of Glinda the Good.
He spars with H. M. Woggle-Bug T. E. on the value of education. Although he claims to be educated himself and to value education, he finds the Woggle-Bug's learning rote and without wisdom. Although he cannot eat, he tells Billina that she might be better cooked and generally seems to favor the use of animals as food, sometimes making snide remarks to that effect to his animal companions, although he himself only gathers nuts and fruit for his traveling companions, such as Dorothy and Tip, to eat.
By The Road to Oz he is acknowledged, at least by the Tin Woodman, to be "probably the wisest man in all Oz," and this is the caption of an illustration, suggesting that the reader take his comment at face value. Dorothy herself, in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, praises the Scarecrow's wisdom and says the Scarecrow seemed just as wise before the Wizard gave him brains as after.
In The Emerald City of Oz, the Scarecrow lives in a house shaped like an ear of corn in Winkie Country. In The Scarecrow of Oz, the Scarecrow travels to Jinxland, where he helps Cap'n Bill, Trot and Button-Bright overthrow the villainous King Krewl.
In Glinda of Oz the Scarecrow serves as Regent to Ozma of Oz, demonstrating that he is Ozma's third in command. Mostly all he does is play croquet until Ozma's advisers, including himself, band together for a rescue operation.
In The Royal Book of Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson, Baum's authorized successor as "Royal Historian of Oz", Professor Woggle-Bug accused the Scarecrow of having no ancestry, so he returns to the pole at the cornfield where he was once hung. Sliding down it and descending underground, he first encounters the Midlings and then the Silver Islands, whose people believe themselves to be the ancestors of the Chinese. Apparently, when Emperor Chang Wang Woe defeated the king of the Golden Islands in battle, the king hired a sorcerer to sneak into the palace and transform the Emperor into a crocus, which later sprouted into a bean pole, preceding a prophecy that the first being to touch the bean pole would become possessed by the spirit of the Emperor. As it turned out, the first thing to touch the pole was the straw-stuffed human, which would become the Scarecrow. This account is not consistent with the Scarecrow's story in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz of becoming aware of each sense as the relevant organs were painted on his head.
Film portrayals[edit]
Early films[edit]
The Scarecrow has appeared in nearly every early Oz film, portrayed by different actors each time.
The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908): Frank Burns
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910): Robert Z. Leonard
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914): Herbert Glennon
His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz (1914): Frank Moore
Wizard of Oz (1925): Larry Semon (just a man in disguise)
The Land of Oz (1932): Donald Henderson
The Wizard of Oz[edit]
Ray Bolger, as the Scarecrow, "The Wizard of Oz" 1939.
In the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, the Scarecrow was played by Ray Bolger in what is arguably the actor's most famous role. He was originally cast as the Tin Woodsman, but Bolger had always wanted to play the Scarecrow, so he was upset about it since he wanted to switch roles with Buddy Ebsen, who was originally going to play the Scarecrow. Ebsen didn't mind the swap, so Bolger and Ebsen swapped roles. While Ray was pleased with his role as the Scarecrow, the aluminum dust from Ebsen's Tin Man make-up nearly choked him to the edge of death (causing Ebsen to have to give up that role). Ebsen was replaced by Jack Haley for his role of the Tin Man. Bolger's costume consisted of a straw-stuffed suit and a light face mask of rubber designed to simulate burlap. The mask was fragile, and usually had to be completely replaced at the start of each new day of filming.[3] Bolger's Scarecrow costume, minus the mask, is part of the collections of the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution.[4] Bolger was a talented dancer, so The Scarecrow was given an extended dance sequence in the movie. However, to shorten the movie, much of this sequence was edited out since it would slow down the film. While Bolger admitted in a 1939 radio broadcast that he was too young to have seen Fred Stone play the Scarecrow in the 1902 musical extravaganza, he told Stone on the broadcast that the first play he was allowed to see was The Red Mill featuring Stone, and that his performance in that play was an inspiration.
During the scene where the Wizard gives him his brains, the Scarecrow makes a mistake in his first educated pronouncement. He recites the Pythagorean theorem stating that it applies to an isosceles triangle, which is incorrect, as it applies to a right triangle; he also refers to square roots, not to squares. This probably reflects ignorance by the scriptwriters, not the Scarecrow.
Bolger also portrayed the Scarecrow's Kansas counterpart, Hunk (one of Aunt Em and Uncle Henry's farmworkers), newly created for the film by screenwriter Noel Langley.[5] A scene which was written in the script, but dropped before filming commenced, ended the movie by sending Hunk off to agricultural college, with Dorothy promising to write. The scene implied the potential for a romance between the two characters.[citation needed]
He helps Zeke (Cowardly Lion's alter ego) and Hickory (Tin Man's alter ego) repair a wagon. Unlike Zeke, Hickory and Hunk lose their hats with Uncle Henry as they struggle to open the cellar when the tornado approaches their farm. He closes and locks the cellar with Zeke when Dorothy arrives at the farmhouse. Hunk reunites with Dorothy when she awakens from being unconscious. He is seen with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, Zeke, Hickory, and Professor Marvel (The Wizard's alter ego).
The Oz Kids[edit]
In 1996, they made a cartoon animated The Oz Kids. He has a son named Scarecrow, Jr. His son is smart and knows everything just like him. Scarecrow, Sr. is voiced by Andy Milder.
Oz the Great and Powerful[edit]
In the 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful, the Scarecrow's origins are explained; being fabricated by the townspeople of Oz as a diversionary tactic during the retaliatory attack on the Emerald City.[6]
Other adaptations[edit]
In the 1925 film, Wizard of Oz, the Scarecrow and the Tin Man were actually human farmhands, who were blown to Oz by the tornado along with Dorothy. Dorothy, in another major departure from the novel, turns out to be the rightful ruler of Oz, having been exiled to Kansas as a baby.
Hinton Battle originated the role of the Scarecrow in the 1975 Broadway musical The Wiz, and Michael Jackson played the Scarecrow in the 1978 film adaptation. This version of the Scarecrow was a more tragic character before Dorothy rescues him; while hung on his pole, the crows he is unable to scare, who force him to humiliate himself and entertain them, torment him day and night. They force him to sing the song, "You Can't Win", meaning that he cannot escape the crows' rule and his bad luck. While Stan Winston created Jackson's makeup, it was applied to Jackson's face by Michael R. Thomas who portrayed the Scarecrow in Barry Mahon's The Wonderful Land of Oz (1969), as well as doing the makeup for that film. Elijah Kelley portrayed the Scarecrow in the TV special The Wiz Live!, as well as the farmhand Sticks.
In the animated film Journey Back to Oz (produced in 1964 but not released until the 1970s), the Scarecrow was voiced by Mickey Rooney.
In an episode of The World's Greatest Super Friends, Aquaman temporarily became the Scarecrow after a tornado took him, Superman and Wonder Woman to Mister Mxyzptlk’s planet of Oz.
In a 1981 episode of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo, Shaggy is dressed as the Scarecrow after a tornado took him, Scooby, and Scrappy to "Ahz", a direct spoof of Oz with a different spelling by its enunciation.
Justin Case, an English bicycle acrobat, appeared briefly as the Scarecrow in the 1985 film Return to Oz.
American voice actor Michael Gough voices the Scarecrow in 2011's direct-to-DVD animated film Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz.
The Scarecrow appeared in Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (which is based on Dorothy of Oz) voiced by Dan Aykroyd.
The Scarecrow appeared in the Once Upon a Time episode "Our Decay" voiced by Paul Scheer. Many years ago, Zelena the Wicked Witch of the West targeted him for his brain as part of her attempt to create a time-travel spell. Before she can remove Scarecrow's brain, Dorothy and Toto arrived where they managed to get away from Zelena. With help from Hades who enchanted a bicycle that was found at the remains of Dorothy's house, Zelena was able to locate where Dorothy and Scarecrow are hiding. After magically freezing Dorothy, Zelena successfully removed Scarecrow's brain and was about to show it to Hades only to find that he is not there.
Modern works[edit]
The Scarecrow is also a minor character in author Gregory Maguire's revisionist novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West and is made a more prominent character in its Broadway musical adaptation Wicked. In the musical, the Scarecrow is revealed to be the remnants of Fiyero after he was captured by the Wizard's officials, but made impervious to injury by Elphaba's incomplete spell. The Fiyero-Scarecrow executes a plan to save Elphaba through using the rumor that water will melt her; thus she stays alive and the two move out of Oz. This has no basis in the book other than that in the final scenes Elphaba hopes that the Scarecrow is really her beloved Fiyero in disguise, which is proven to be a false hope when he is attacked and she sees that he is nothing but straw. The Scarecrow is featured more prominently in Son of a Witch, Maguire's sequel to Wicked. In that novel, the Scarecrow helps the Witch's son Liir avoid political turmoil in the Emerald City after the Wizard's departure. Later, various powerful interests place a different Scarecrow on the throne of Oz to serve as a puppet ruler; the suggestion is that most residents of Oz are unable to distinguish one Scarecrow from another. In the musical, the Fiyero-Scarecrow's appearance and style of walking are based on Bolger's portrayal of the Scarecrow in the 1939 film.
In the Dorothy Must Die series by Danielle Paige, the Scarecrow and Dorothy's other companions have been corrupted by their gifts and Dorothy's use of magic. The Scarecrow has become a twisted 'mad scientist', performing various experiments on the animals to turn them into spies or warriors for Dorothy's army, as well as extracting their brains to increase his own. He is 'killed' in the second novel in the series, The Wicked Will Rise, when the Wizard takes his brains as part of a plan to bring Oz and Kansas together.
Jackson Browne performed this character in the 1995 television special The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True. The Kansas farmworker Hunk does not appear in this production. Browne sang a folk music tempo of If I Only Had a Brain and the bridge verses sung by the Scarecrow in Nathan Lane's longer version of If I Only Had the Nerve.
In the 2005 ABC television movie The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, Kermit the Frog plays the role of the Scarecrow. Kermit's other role was himself. Prior to Dorothy's journey, he organizes a talent scout for a star for a new show. After Dorothy's return, he hires her.
In the VeggieTales episode The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's, the Scarecrow and his Kansas counterpart from the 1939 film were played by Mr. Lunt the Gourd.
In the 2007 Sci Fi television miniseries Tin Man, the Scarecrow is re-imagined as the character named "Glitch" (played by Alan Cumming). Formerly a chief adviser to the queen of the Outer Zone (O.Z.) named Ambrose, he resists her usurper (and daughter), the evil sorceress Azkadellia and has his brain removed by the physician as a reeducation measure. In the series, he wanders the O.Z. searching for his brain and becomes a companion of the protagonist, a girl named DG.
The Scarecrow appears in Dorothy and the Witches of Oz played by Ari Zigaris. He appears on Earth in the form of a man named Allen Denslow who works as the illustrator of Dorothy Gale's books.
A commercial for GE smart-grid technology, which first aired during the Super Bowl XLIII, featured a computerized Scarecrow dancing clumsily on a radio tower singing "If I Only Had a Brain".
A character inspired by the Scarecrow appears in Alan Moore's Lost Girls. In the work, a young farmboy becomes Dorothy Gale's first sex partner. However, she soon grows bored of him because of his lack of intelligence and imagination, comparing it to having sex with something you use to scare the crows. The "scarecrow" tries to prove to Dorothy that he does have a brain and writes her a poem.
The Scarecrow (along with his other friends from OZ) are playable in the Nintendo 3DS game Code Name: S.T.E.A.M.
In Emerald City, a more modern retelling of the series, the Scarecrow equivalent in the series is "Lucas" (portrayed by Oliver Jackson-Cohen) and is an amnesic man who is rescued by Dorothy when she finds him being crucified at the start of her journey. In the course of the film it is revealed that he is actually Rowan, the husband of Glinda, with his amnesia the result of a spell Glinda casts so that he couldn't betray her secrets if he was captured, but the restoration of his memory puts him and Dorothy at odds, as his devotion to Glinda leaves him incapable of recognizing Dorothy's real objections to Glinda's extreme methods to train younger witches. Psychologically torn between his memories as Rowan and his new relationships as Lucas, he eventually forces Dorothy to stab him to stop himself strangling her, culminating in Dorothy leaving him strung up like a scarecrow to symbolically reflect his desire to have never met her. Despite this, he appears in Kansas in the season finale, accompanied by Toto, to ask Dorothy to return with him to Oz.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ L. Frank Baum, Michael Patrick Hearn, The Annotated Wizard of Oz, p 141, ISBN 0-517-50086-8
Jump up ^ Robin Bernstein, Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights, (New York: New York University Press, 2011), 159-168.
Jump up ^ "Scarecrow from "The Wizard of Oz"". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Treasures of American History: The Wizard of Oz". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
Jump up ^ http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=73897
Jump up ^ Allport, Lee (8 March 2013). "Oz the Great and Powerful: A Prequel at Its Best". Retrieved 10 March 2013. There are other interesting "that explains it" moments as well. We get up close and personal with The Cowardly Lion and find out what spooked him into being afraid of his own shadow. We get to know the Tin Man's father and the creators of the Scarecrow and learn more about Munchkinland.
Culver, Stuart (1988). "What Manikins Want: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows and Interiors". Representations. 21: 97–116. doi:10.1525/rep.1988.21.1.99p02045.
Dighe, Ranjit S., ed. (2002). The historian's Wizard of Oz: reading L. Frank Baum's classic as a political and Monetary Allegory. ISBN 0-275-97418-9.
Green, David L. and Dick Martin. (1977) The Oz Scrapbook. Random House.
Hearn, Michael Patrick, ed. (2000). The Annotated Wizard of Oz. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04992-2.
Riley, Michael O. (1997). Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum. University of Kansas Press. ISBN 0-7006-0832-X.
Ritter, Gretchen (August 1997). "Silver slippers and a golden cap: L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and historical memory in American politics". Journal of American Studies. 31 (2): 171–203. doi:10.1017/s0021875897005628. JSTOR 27556260.
Rockoff, Hugh (August 1990). "The 'Wizard of Oz' as a Monetary Allegory". Journal of Political Economy. 98 (4). doi:10.1086/261704. JSTOR 2937766.
Sunshine, Linda. All Things Oz (2003)
Swartz, Mark Evan (2000). Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" on Stage and Screen to 1939. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6477-1.
Velde, Francois R. "Following the Yellow Brick Road: How the United States Adopted the Gold Standard" Economic Perspectives. Volume: 26. Issue: 2. 2002. also online here
Ziaukas, Tim. "100 Years of Oz: Baum's 'Wizard of Oz' as Gilded Age Public Relations" in Public Relations Quarterly, Fall 1998
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scarecrow (Oz).
Preceded by
The Wizard of Oz Monarch of Oz Succeeded by
Jinjur
show
v
t
e
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Canonical books
L. Frank Baum
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904)
Ozma of Oz (1907)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908)
The Road to Oz (1909)
The Emerald City of Oz (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913)
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914)
The Scarecrow of Oz (1915)
Rinkitink in Oz (1916)
The Lost Princess of Oz (1917)
The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918)
The Magic of Oz (1919)
Glinda of Oz (1920)
Ruth Plumly
Thompson
The Royal Book of Oz (1921)
Kabumpo in Oz (1922)
The Cowardly Lion of Oz (1923)
Grampa in Oz (1924)
The Lost King of Oz (1925)
The Hungry Tiger of Oz (1926)
The Gnome King of Oz (1927)
The Giant Horse of Oz (1928)
Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz (1929)
The Yellow Knight of Oz (1930)
Pirates in Oz (1931)
The Purple Prince of Oz (1932)
Ojo in Oz (1933)
Speedy in Oz (1934)
The Wishing Horse of Oz (1935)
Captain Salt in Oz (1936)
Handy Mandy in Oz (1937)
The Silver Princess in Oz (1938)
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939)
Others
The Wonder City of Oz (1940)
The Scalawagons of Oz (1941)
Lucky Bucky in Oz (1942)
The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946)
The Shaggy Man of Oz (1949)
The Hidden Valley of Oz (1951)
Merry Go Round in Oz (1963)
Yankee in Oz (1972)
The Enchanted Island of Oz (1976)
The Forbidden Fountain of Oz (1980)
The Ozmapolitan of Oz (1986)
The Wicked Witch of Oz (1993)
The Giant Garden of Oz (1993)
The Runaway in Oz (1995)
The Rundelstone of Oz (2000)
The Emerald Wand of Oz (2005)
Trouble Under Oz (2006)
Alternate
Dorothy of Oz (1989)
Lion of Oz and the Badge of Courage (1995)
Locations
and elements
Land of Oz
Emerald City
Munchkin Country
Gillikin Country
Winkie Country
Quadling Country
Yellow brick road
Oogaboo
Deadly Desert
Nonestica
Forest of Burzee
Land of Ev
Merryland
Mo
Ix
Nome Kingdom
Noland
Ruby slippers
Silver Shoes
The Oz Film Manufacturing Company
Characters
Created by L. Frank Baum
Dorothy Gale
Toto
Aunt Em
Uncle Henry
Princess Ozma
The Wizard of Oz
Scarecrow
Tin Woodman
Cowardly Lion
Glinda, the Good Witch of the South
Good Witch of the North
Wicked Witch of the East
Wicked Witch of the West
Billina
Glass Cat
Hungry Tiger
Jack Pumpkinhead
Jellia Jamb
Jinjur
John Dough
Mombi
Munchkins
Boq
Ojo the Lucky
Nine Tiny Piglets
Nome King
Pastoria
Patchwork Girl
Peter Brown
Pigasus
Polychrome
Queen Lurline
Shaggy Man
Soldier with the Green Whiskers
Tik-Tok
Trot
Winged monkeys
Woggle-Bug
Created by other writers
Jinnicky the Red Jinn
Kabumpo
Other writers
Authors
John R. Neill
Jack Snow
Rachel Cosgrove Payes
Eloise Jarvis McGraw
Dick Martin
Alexander Volkov
Gregory Maguire
Sherwood Smith
Roger S. Baum
Illustrators
William Wallace Denslow
Frank Kramer
Dirk Gringhuis
Dick Martin
Eric Shanower
William Stout
show
Adaptations and other derivative works
Films
The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910)
Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz (1910)
The Land of Oz (1910)
John Dough and the Cherub (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914)
The Magic Cloak of Oz (1914)
His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz (1914)
The Wizard of Oz (1925)
The Wizard of Oz (1933)
The Wizard of Oz (1939)
Return to Oz (1964)
The Wonderful Land of Oz (1969)
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde (1971)
Journey Back to Oz (1974)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1975)
The Wiz (1978)
The Wizard of Oz (1982)
Return to Oz (1985)
Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz (1987)
The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990)
Lion of Oz (2000)
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005)
Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz (2011)
Dorothy and the Witches of Oz (2011)
After the Wizard (2011)
Oz the Great and Powerful (2013)
Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (2014)
Ozland (2014)
Guardians of Oz (2015)
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz (2016)
Stage
The Wizard of Oz (1902)
The Woggle-Bug (1905)
The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (1913)
The Wizard of Oz (1942)
The Wiz (1974)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1981)
The Wizard of Oz (1987)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2000)
The Wizard of Oz (2011)
The Woodsman (2012)
Television
Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961)
Off to See the Wizard (1967)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986)
The Wizard of Oz (1990)
The Oz Kids (1996)
Lost in Oz (2002)
Once Upon a Time (since 2011)
The Wiz Live! (2015)
Lost In Oz (2015)
Emerald City (2017)
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (2017)
Comics
Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz (1904–05)
Adventures in Oz (1986–92)
The Enchanted Apples of Oz (1986)
Oz Squad (1991)
Lost Girls (1991–92)
Oz (1994)
Dorothy of Oz (2006)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009)
Video
games
The Wizard of Oz (1993)
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road (2008)
Emerald City Confidential (2009)
Parodies
The Wozard of Iz
Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's
Wizard of Odd
Reimagining
The Wizard of Mars (1965)
Hunter (1973)
Zardoz (1974)
Oz (1976)
The Number of the Beast (1980)
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Take Me Out to the Ball Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Take Me Out to the Ball Game (disambiguation).
"Take Me Out to the Ball Game"
Song by Edward Meeker
Released
1908
Genre
Tin Pan Alley
Length
1:14
Composer(s)
Albert Von Tilzer
Lyricist(s)
Jack Norworth
Take Me Out to the Ball Game
This, the original version of the song, was sung by Edward Meeker in 1908, and is one of the first ever recordings of the song.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Take Me Out to the Ball Game
Typical modern ball park instrumental version performed by Kaila Rochelle on a Roland GR-09 organ with a Roland RD-700 keyboard midi controller. The performance is on the 'Chorus.'
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Take Me Out to the Ball Game" is a 1908 Tin Pan Alley song by Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer which has become the unofficial anthem of North American baseball, although neither of its authors had attended a game prior to writing the song.[1] The song's chorus is traditionally sung during the middle of the seventh inning of a baseball game. Fans are generally encouraged to sing along, and at some ballparks, the words "home team" are replaced with the team name.
Contents
1 History of the song
2 Lyrics
3 Recordings of the song
4 The song in popular culture
5 Recognition and awards
6 References
7 External links
History of the song[edit]
Jack Norworth, while riding a subway train, was inspired by a sign that said "Baseball Today – Polo Grounds". In the song, Katie's beau calls to ask her out to see a show. She accepts the date, but only if her date will take her out to the baseball game. The words were set to music by Albert Von Tilzer. (Norworth and Von Tilzer finally saw their first Major League Baseball games 32 and 20 years later, respectively.) The song was first sung by Norworth's then-wife Nora Bayes and popularized by many other vaudeville acts. It was played at a ballpark for the first known time in 1934, at a high-school game in Los Angeles; it was played later that year during the fourth game of the 1934 World Series.[2]
Norworth wrote an alternative version of the song in 1927. (Norworth and Bayes were famous for writing and performing such hits as "Shine On, Harvest Moon".)[3][4] With the sale of so many records, sheet music, and piano rolls, the song became one of the most popular hits of 1908. The Haydn Quartet singing group, led by popular tenor Harry MacDonough, recorded a successful version on Victor Records.[5]
The most famous recording of the song was credited to "Billy Murray and the Haydn Quartet", even though Murray did not sing on it.[6] The confusion, nonetheless, is so pervasive that, when "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" was selected by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Recording Industry Association of America as one of the 365 top "Songs of the Century", the song was credited to Billy Murray, implying his recording of it as having received the most votes among songs from the first decade.[7] The first recorded version was by Edward Meeker. Meeker's recording was selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[8]
Lyrics[edit]
Below are the lyrics of the 1908 version, which is out of copyright.
Katie Casey was baseball mad,
Had the fever and had it bad.
Just to root for the home town crew,
Ev'ry sou1
Katie blew.
On a Saturday her young beau
Called to see if she'd like to go
To see a show, but Miss Kate said "No,
I'll tell you what you can do:"

Chorus

Take me out to the ball game,
Take me out with the crowd;
Buy me some peanuts and Cracker Jack,
I don't care if I never get back.
Let me root, root, root for the home team,
If they don't win, it's a shame.
For it's one, two, three strikes, you're out,
At the old ball game.

Katie Casey saw all the games,
Knew the players by their first names.
Told the umpire he was wrong,
All along,
Good and strong.
When the score was just two to two,
Katie Casey knew what to do,
Just to cheer up the boys she knew,
She made the gang sing this song:
1 The term "sou", a coin of French origin, was at the time common slang for a low-denomination coin. In French the expression "sans le sou" means penniless. Carly Simon's version, produced for Ken Burns' 1994 documentary Baseball, reads "Ev'ry cent/Katie spent".
Though not so indicated in the lyrics, the chorus is usually sung with a pause in the middle of the word "Cracker", giving "Cracker Jack" a pronunciation "Crac---ker Jack". Also, there is a noticeable pause between the first and second "root".
Recordings of the song[edit]
The song (or at least its chorus) has been recorded or cited countless times in the 110 years since it was written. The first verse of the 1927 version is sung by Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra at the start of the MGM musical film, Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1949), a movie that also features a song about the famous and fictitious double-play combination, O'Brien to Ryan to Goldberg.
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album Join Bing and Sing Along (1959)
In the early to mid-1980s, the Kidsongs Kids recorded a different version of this song for A Day at Old MacDonald's Farm.
In the mid-1990s, a Major League Baseball ad campaign featured versions of the song performed by musicians of several different genres. An alternative rock version by the Goo Goo Dolls was also recorded.[9] Multiple genre Louisiana singer-songwriter Dr. John and pop singer Carly Simon both recorded different versions of the song for the PBS documentary series Baseball, by Ken Burns.[10]
In 2001, Nike aired a commercial featuring a diverse group of Major League Baseball players singing lines of the song in their native languages. The players and languages featured were Ken Griffey, Jr. (American English), Alex Rodriguez (Caribbean Spanish), Chan Ho Park (Korean), Kazuhiro Sasaki (Japanese), Graeme Lloyd (Australian English), Éric Gagné (Québécois French), Andruw Jones (Dutch), John Franco (Italian), Iván Rodríguez (Caribbean Spanish), and Mark McGwire (American English).[11]
The song in popular culture[edit]
This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (August 2018)
The iconic song has been used and alluded to in many different ways:
In the 1935 Marx Brothers' film A Night at the Opera, in one of the more unusual uses of the song, composer Herbert Stothart arranged for a full pit orchestra to segue seamlessly from the overture of Il trovatore into the chorus of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game".
In the 1941 movie Meet John Doe, Gary Cooper is playing air-baseball with the songs first two chorus lines playing in the background, instrumental version.
A 1954 version by Stuart McKay [12] shifted the lyrics two syllables forward to make the song end surprisingly early. In McKay's version the initial "Take me" was sung as an unaccented pickup, causing the final "Game" to land on the same note as "Old" in the original, and leaving the last two notes unsung.
In 1955, in an episode of I Love Lucy guest starring Harpo Marx, Harpo performed a harp rendition of the song.
A version is heard during the end credits of the 1978 film The Bad News Bears Go To Japan. The first verse is sung by Japanese children, later accompanied by American singers.
In 1988, for the 80th anniversary of the song and the 100th anniversary of the poem "Casey at the Bat", Sports Illustrated writer Frank Deford constructed a fanciful story (later expanded to book form as Casey on the Loose) which posited Katie Casey as being the daughter of the famous slugger from the poem.
In 1994, radio station WJMP, broadcasting to the Akron, Ohio market, played the song continuously during the Major League Baseball players' strike of 1994 as a protest.
In 1995 in the ER Season 2 episode "Hell and High Water", the character Doug Ross tells a child to keep singing the song to keep himself conscious.
The 2001 children's book "Take Me Out of the Bathtub and Other Silly Dilly Songs" by Alan Katz and David Catrow, featuring silly words to well-known tunes, recast the end of the chorus as "I used one, two, three bars of soap. Take me out...I'm clean!" in its title number.[13]
In 2006, Jim Burke authored and illustrated a children's book version of "Take Me Out To The Ballgame".
In 2006, Gatorade used an instrumental version of "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" in a commercial over video highlights of the United States Men's National Soccer Team in the lead-up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup, closing with the tagline "It's a whole new ballgame."
In 2008, Andy Strasberg, Bob Thompson and Tim Wiles (from the Baseball Hall of Fame) wrote a comprehensive book on the history of the song, Baseball's Greatest Hit: The Story of 'Take Me Out to the Ball Game'. The book, published by Hal Leonard Books, included a CD with 16 different recordings of the song from various points in time, ranging from a 1908 recording by Fred Lambert, to a seventh-inning-stretch recording by Harry Caray.
In 2008 American composer Randol Alan Bass used the song in Casey at the Bat, a setting of the poem by Ernest L. Thayer for concert band and narrator.[14]
The NHL used the song to promote the 2009 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and the Detroit Red Wings taking place at Wrigley Field on New Year's Day, 2009. At the time, it was the first Winter Classic to take place in a baseball stadium.
In the series Homeland Nicholas Brody teaches the song to Isa Nazir to help him learn English.
From March 13, 2015, the tune of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" was adopted as the departure melody for trains on the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line at Kōrakuen Station in Tokyo, Japan.[15] Baseball is popular in Japan, and Korakuen Station is one of the closest stations to the Tokyo Dome baseball stadium.[16]
Instrumental parts of "Take Me Out To The Ball Game" can be heard in the background music for Joe E. Brown's 1932 movie Fireman, Save My Child.
In 1985, it was featured in Kidsongs "A Day at Old MacDonald's Farm", which shows the kids playing baseball. Also, Kirk Gibson of the Detroit Tigers is seen hitting a home run during the 1984 World Series.
It was sung on two early episodes of Barney & Friends.
The episode of Sam & Cat entitled "#MagicATM" featured the chorus, but with modified and nonsensical lyrics that start with "Take me down to the basement, fill the buckets with cheese."
In October 2016, Bill Murray impersonated Daffy Duck as he gave his rendition of the chorus of 'Take Me Out To The Ball Game' while at game 3 of the World Series, which was held at Wrigley Field.[17]
The song was referenced in the title of the baseball themed Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Take Me Out to the Holosuite".
Edward Meeker's original 1908 recording can be heard in Slender: The Arrival during which it is played on a radio, along with three other songs, during chapter 1.
On the HGTV series "Good Bones (TV series)," home remodelers working in Indianapolis found a sheet of sheet music paper inside a wall. When they took it to a music store, they found it was signed by Albert Von Tilzer and was the chorus of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game." No decision on what to do with the paper was disclosed on the show.
Recognition and awards[edit]
2008: The song won the Songwriters Hall of Fame Towering Song Award
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Performing Arts Encyclopedia. Library of Congress. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Robert (2008). Baseball's Greatest Hit: The Story of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 63.
Jump up ^ "Jack Norworth & Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Laguna Beach Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Nora Bayes and Jack Norworth: Together and Alone". Archeophone Records. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Newman, Mark. "Take Me Out to the Ball Game: Song History". Major League Baseball. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Druckenbrod, Andrew (June 23, 2008). "Name this tune: You sing 'Take Me Out,' it's 100 years old". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The National Recording Registry 2010". Library of Congress. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Diamond Ditty turns 100". The Oregonian. June 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "FILM CREDITS BASEBALL Inning 8: A Whole New Ballgame". PBS. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nike, Inc. (2001). Take Me Out to the Ballgame (Bee-yooo-tiful).
Jump up ^ Peter Tschirky (February 10, 2012). "STUART MCKAY - TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME - 1954 - BASSOON FAGOTT". YouTube. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alan Katz and David Catrow, "Take Me Out of the Bathtub and Other Silly Dilly Songs",ISBN 0689829035
Jump up ^ Casey at the Bat, poem by Ernest L. Thayer, a setting for concert band and narrator by Randol Alan Bass. Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., 2008
Jump up ^ 南北線の発車メロディをリニューアル！各駅に新しい発車メロディを導入します [Namboku Line departure melodies updated! New melodies to be introduced at each station] (PDF). News release (in Japanese). Japan: Tokyo Metro. March 2, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "アクセス（Tourists Special Site）". Tokyo-dome.co.jp. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bill Murray perfectly sings 'Take Me Out to the Ball Game' as Daffy Duck at World Series". Ftw.usatoday.com. October 29, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
External links[edit]
Baseball portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Take Me Out to the Ball Game.
Stadium Symphonies (including "Take Me Out to the Ball Game") from the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Take Me Out to the Ball Game: A Centennial Tribute
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take_Me_Out_to_the_Ball_Game&oldid=856040680"
Categories:
1908 songs
Baseball culture
Songs written by Albert Von Tilzer
Songs written by Jack Norworth
Baseball songs and chants
United States National Recording Registry recordings
Vaudeville songs
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CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)
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