text:
The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (September 2016)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Phantom of the Opera
Original release poster
Directed by
Rupert Julian
Uncredited:
Lon Chaney
Ernst Laemmle
Edward Sedgwick
Produced by
Uncredited:
Carl Laemmle
Screenplay by
Uncredited:
Walter Anthony
Elliott J. Clawson
Bernard McConville
Frank M. McCormack
Tom Reed
Raymond L. Schrock
Jasper Spearing
Richard Wallace
Based on
The Phantom of the Opera
by Gaston Leroux
Starring
Lon Chaney
Mary Philbin
Norman Kerry
Arthur Edmund Carewe
Gibson Gowland
Music by
Gustav Hinrichs
Cinematography
Milton Bridenbecker
Virgil Miller
Charles Van Enger
Edited by
Edward Curtiss
Maurice Pivar
Gilmore Walker
Lois Weber
Production
company
Jewel Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
November 25, 1925 (1925-11-25)
Running time
107 minutes
Original 1925 release:
101 minutes
1930 sound reissue:
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
Silent
English intertitles
Box office
$2 million
Play media
1925 The Phantom of the Opera (full film)
The Phantom of the Opera is a 1925 American silent horror film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, directed by Rupert Julian and starring Lon Chaney, Sr. in the title role of the deformed Phantom who haunts the Paris Opera House,[1] causing murder and mayhem in an attempt to make the woman he "loves" a star. The film remains most famous for Chaney's ghastly, self-devised make-up, which was kept a studio secret until the film's premiere. The film was released on November 25, 1925.[2]
The picture also features Mary Philbin, Norman Kerry, Arthur Edmund Carewe, Gibson Gowland, John St. Polis, and Snitz Edwards. The last surviving cast member was Carla Laemmle (1909–2014), niece of producer Carl Laemmle, who played a small role as "prima ballerina" in the film when she was about 15.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Makeup
3.2 Soundstage 28
4 Reception
5 1930 reissue with sound
6 Differences from the novel
7 Preservation status
7.1 Eastman House print mystery
7.1.1 International sound version
7.1.2 Silent version
7.2 Color preservation
8 Legacy
9 Reboot
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Plot[edit]
Based on the general release version of 1925, which has additional scenes and sequences in different order than the existing reissue print.
The film opens with the debut of the new season at the Paris Opera House, with a production of Gounod's Faust. Comte Philippe de Chagny (John St. Polis) and his brother, the Vicomte Raoul de Chagny (Norman Kerry) are in attendance. Raoul attends only in the hope of hearing his sweetheart Christine Daaé (Mary Philbin) sing. Christine has made a sudden rise from the chorus to understudy of Mme. Carlotta, the prima donna. Raoul visits her in her dressing room during the performance, and makes his intentions known that he wishes for Christine to resign and marry him. Christine refuses to let their relationship get in the way of her career.
At the height of the most prosperous season in the Opera's history, the management suddenly resign. As they leave, they tell the new managers of the Opera Ghost, a phantom who asks for opera box #5, among other things. The new managers laugh it off as a joke, but the old management leaves troubled.
After the performance, the ballerinas are disturbed by the sight of a mysterious man in a fez (Arthur Edmund Carewe), who dwells in the cellars. Arguing whether or not he is the Phantom, they decide to ask Joseph Buquet, a stagehand who has actually seen the ghost's face. Buquet describes a ghastly sight of a living skeleton to the girls, who are then startled by a shadow cast on the wall. The antics of stagehand Florine Papillon (Snitz Edwards) do not amuse Joseph's brother, Simon (Gibson Gowland), who chases him off. Meanwhile, Mme. Carlotta (Virginia Pearson), the prima donna of the Paris Grand Opera, barges into the managers' office enraged. She has received a letter from "The Phantom," demanding that Christine sing the role of Marguerite the following night, threatening dire consequences if his demands are not met. Christine is in her dressing room at that moment, speaking to a phantom voice (which the audience sees as a shadow on a wall behind the dressing room.) The voice warns her that she will take Carlotta's place on Wednesday and that she is to think only of her career and her master.
The following day, in a garden near the Opera House, Raoul meets Christine and asks her to reconsider his offer. Christine admits that she has been tutored by a divine voice, the "Spirit of Music," and that it is now impossible to stop her career. Raoul tells her that he thinks someone is playing a joke on her, and she storms off in anger.
Wednesday evening, Carlotta is ill and Christine takes her place in the opera. During the performance, the managers go to Box 5 to see exactly who has taken it. The keeper of the box does not know who it is, as she has never seen his face. The two managers enter the box and are startled to see a shadowy figure seated there. They run out of the box and compose themselves, but when they enter the box again, the person is gone. In her next performance, Christine reaches her triumph during the finale and receives a standing ovation from the audience. When Raoul visits her in her dressing room, she pretends not to recognize him, because unbeknownst to those in the room, the phantom voice is present. Meanwhile, Simon Buquet finds the body of his brother, Joseph, hanging by the strangler's noose and vows vengeance. Raoul spends the evening outside her door, and after the others have left, just as he is about to enter, he hears the voice within the room. He overhears the voice make his intentions to Christine: "Soon, Christine, this spirit will take form and will demand your love!" When Christine leaves her room alone, Raoul breaks in to find it empty. Carlotta receives another discordant note from the Phantom. Once again, it demands that she take ill and let Christine have her part. The managers also get a note, reiterating that if Christine does not sing, they will present "Faust" in a house with a curse on it.
The Phantom (Lon Chaney), and Christine Daaé (Mary Philbin)
The following evening, despite the Phantom's warnings, a defiant Carlotta appears as Marguerite. At first, the performance goes well, but soon the Phantom's curse takes its effect, backstage, causing the great crystal chandelier to fall down onto the audience. Christine runs to her dressing room and is entranced by a mysterious voice through a secret door behind the mirror, descending, in a dream-like sequence, semi-conscious on horseback by a winding staircase into the lower depths of the Opera. She is then taken by gondola over a subterranean lake by the masked Phantom into his lair. The Phantom introduces himself as Erik and declares his love; Christine faints, so Erik carries her to a suite fabricated for her comfort. The next day, when she awakens, she finds a note from Erik telling her that she is free to come and go as she pleases, but that she must never look behind his mask. In the next room, the Phantom is playing his composition, "Don Juan Triumphant." Christine's curiosity gets the better of her, and she sneaks up behind the Phantom and tears off his mask, revealing his hideously deformed face. Enraged, the Phantom makes his plans to hold her prisoner known. In an attempt to plead to him, he excuses her to visit her world one last time, with the condition that she never sees her lover again.
Released from the underground dungeon, Christine makes a rendezvous at the annual masked-ball, which is graced with the Phantom in the guise of the 'Red-Death' from the Edgar Allan Poe short story of the same name. Raoul finds Christine and they flee to the roof of the Opera House, where she tells him everything that followed the chandelier crash. However, an unseen jealous Phantom perching on the statue of Apollo overhears them. Raoul plans to whisk Christine safely away to London following the next performance. As they leave the roof, the mysterious man with the fez approaches them. Aware that the Phantom is waiting downstairs, he leads Christine and Raoul to another exit.
The following evening, Raoul meets Christine in her dressing room. She has heard the voice of the Phantom, who has revealed that he knows their plans. Raoul has arranged for a carriage and reassures her nothing will go wrong. During the performance, the Phantom kidnaps Christine off the stage during a blackout. Raoul rushes to Christine's dressing room, and meets the man in the fez, who reveals himself to be Inspector Ledoux, a secret policeman who has been studying Erik's moves as the Phantom since he escaped as a prisoner from Devil's Island. Ledoux reveals the secret door in Christine's room and the two men enter the catacombs of the Opera House in an attempt to rescue Christine. Instead, they fall into the Phantom's dungeon, a torture room of his design. Philippe has also found his way into the catacombs looking for his brother, and a clanging alarm alerts the Phantom to his presence in a canoe on the lake. Phillipe is drowned by Erik, who returns to find the two men in the torture chamber. Turning a switch, the Phantom subjects the two prisoners to intense heat; the two manage to escape the chamber by opening a door in the floor as they are about to perish. In the chamber below, the Phantom shuts a gate, locking them in with barrels full of gunpowder.
The Phantom gives Christine a choice of two levers: one shaped like a scorpion and the other like a grasshopper. One of them will save Raoul's life, but at the cost of Christine marrying Erik, while the other will blow up the barrels in the chamber Raoul and Ledoux are trapped in, in effect destroying the Opera House and killing them all. Christine picks the scorpion, but it is a trick by the Phantom to "save" Raoul and Ledoux from being killed by drowning them. Christine begs the Phantom to save Raoul, promising him anything in return, even becoming his wife. At the last second, the Phantom opens a trapdoor in his floor through which Raoul and Ledoux are saved.
A mob, led by Simon, infiltrates the Phantom's lair. As the clanging alarm sounds and the mob approaches, the Phantom attempts to flee with Christine in the carriage meant for Raoul and Christine. While Raoul saves Christine, the Phantom is pursued and killed by a mob, who throw him into the River Seine to finally drown. In a brief epilogue, Raoul and Christine are shown on their honeymoon in Viroflay.
Cast[edit]
Arthur Edmund Carewe & Mary Philbin
Lon Chaney as The Phantom
Mary Philbin as Christine Daaé
Norman Kerry as Vicomte Raoul de Chagny
Arthur Edmund Carewe as Ledoux
Gibson Gowland as Simon Buquet
John St. Polis as Comte Philippe de Chagny
Snitz Edwards as Florine Papillon
Virginia Pearson as Carlotta (Carlotta's mother in the 1930 reissue)
Mary Fabian as Carlotta (1930 reissue)
Deleted scenes:
Olive Ann Alcorn as La Sorelli
Chester Conklin as Orderly
Ward Crane as Count Ruboff
Vola Vale as Christine's maid
Edith Yorke as Mama Valerius
Uncredited:
Bernard Siegel as Joseph Buquet
Edward Martindel as Comte Phillipe de Chagny (1930 redux)
Joseph Belmont as a stage manager
Alexander Bevani as Méphistophélès
Edward Cecil as Faust
Ruth Clifford as ballerina
Roy Coulson as the Jester
George Davis as The guard outside Christine's door
Madame Fiorenza as Madame Giry, keeper of the box
Cesare Gravina as a retiring manager
Bruce Covington as Monsieur Moncharmin
William Humphrey as Monsieur Debienne
George B Williams as Monsieur Ricard
Carla Laemmle as Meg Giry
Grace Marvin as Martha
John Miljan as Valéntin
Rolfe Sedan as an undetermined role
William Tracy as the Ratcatcher, the messenger from the shadows
Anton Vaverka as Prompter
Julius Harris as Gaffer
Production[edit]
[hide]This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2016)
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Lobby card
In 1922, Carl Laemmle, the president of Universal Pictures, took a vacation to Paris. During his vacation Laemmle met the author Gaston Leroux, who was working in the French film industry. Laemmle mentioned to Leroux that he admired the Paris Opera House. Leroux gave Laemmle a copy of his 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera. Laemmle read the book in one night and bought the film rights as a vehicle for actor Lon Chaney, Sr..[3] Production started in late 1924 at Universal Studios and did not go smoothly. According to the director of photography, Charles Van Enger, throughout the production Chaney and the rest of the cast and crew had strained relations with director Rupert Julian. The first cut of the film was previewed in Los Angeles on January 7 and 26, 1925. The score was prepared by Joseph Carl Breil. No information about the score survives other than Universal's release: "Presented with augmented concert orchestra, playing the score composed by J. Carl Briel, composer of music for Birth of a Nation". The exact quote from the opening day full-page ad in the Call-Bulletin read: "Universal Weekly claimed a 60-piece orchestra. Moving Picture World reported that "The music from Faust supplied the music [for the picture]." Due to poor reviews and reactions, the January release was canceled. On advice from Chaney and others, Universal told Julian to re-shoot most of the picture and change its style, as it was feared that a Gothic melodrama would not recoup the film's massive budget. Julian eventually walked out.
Edward Sedgwick (later the director of Buster Keaton's 1928 film The Cameraman) was then assigned by producer Laemmle to direct a reshoot of the bulk of the film. Raymond L. Schrock and original screenwriter Elliot Clawson wrote new scenes at the request of Sedgewick. The film was then changed from the dramatic thriller that was originally made into more of a romantic comedy with action elements. Most of the new scenes depicted added subplots, with Chester Conklin and Vola Vale as comedic relief to the heroes, and Ward Crane as the Russian Count Ruboff dueling with Raoul for Christine's affection. This version was previewed in San Francisco on April 26, 1925, and did not do well at all, with the audience booing it off of the screen. "The story drags to the point of nauseam", one reviewer stated.
The third and final version resulted from Universal holdovers Maurice Pivar and Lois Weber editing the production down to nine reels. Most of the Sedgwick material was removed, though notably the ending, with the Phantom being hunted by a mob and then being thrown into the Seine River, remained. Much of the cut Julian material was edited back into the picture, though some important scenes and characters were not restored. This version, containing material from the original 1924 shooting and some from the Sedgwick reworking, was then scheduled for release. It debuted on September 6, 1925, at the Astor Theatre in New York City.[4][contradictory] It premiered on October 17, 1925, in Hollywood, California.[contradictory] The score for the Astor opening was to be composed by Professor Gustav Hinrichs. However, Hinrichs' score was not prepared in time, so instead, according to Universal Weekly, the premiere featured a score by Eugene Conte, composed mainly of "french airs" and the appropriate Faust cues.[Note 1] No expense was spared at the premiere; Universal even had a full organ installed at the Astor for the event. (As it was a legitimate house, the Astor theater used an orchestra, not an organ, for its music.)
Makeup[edit]
Following the success of The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1923, Chaney was once again given the freedom to create his own makeup, a practice which became almost as famous as the films he starred in. Chaney painted his eye sockets black, giving a skull-like impression to them. He also pulled the tip of his nose up and pinned it in place with wire, enlarged his nostrils with black paint, and put a set of jagged false teeth into his mouth to complete the ghastly, deformed look of the Phantom. When audiences first saw The Phantom of the Opera, they were said to have screamed or fainted during the scene where Christine pulls the concealing mask away, revealing his skull-like features to the audience.
Chaney's appearance as the Phantom in the film has been the most accurate depiction of the title character based on the description given in the novel, where the Phantom is described as having a skull-like face with a few wisps of black hair on top of his head. As in the novel, Chaney's Phantom has been deformed since birth, rather than having been disfigured by acid or fire, as in later adaptations of The Phantom of the Opera.
Soundstage 28[edit]
Stage 28, or the Phantom of the Opera stage
Producer Laemmle commissioned the construction of a set of the Paris Opera House. Because it would have to support thousands of extras, the set became the first to be created with steel girders set in concrete. For this reason it was not dismantled until 2014.[3] Stage 28 on the Universal Studios lot still contained portions of the opera house set, and was the world's oldest surviving structure built specifically for a movie, at the time of its demolition. It was used in hundreds of movies and television series. In preparation for the demolition of Stage 28, the Paris Opera House set went through a preservation effort and was placed into storage. Stage 28 was completely demolished on September 23, 2014.[5][6]
Reception[edit]
Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times gave The Phantom of the Opera a positive review as a spectacle picture, but felt that the story and acting may have been slightly improved.[7] TIME praised the sets but felt the picture was "only pretty good".[8]
Despite the production problems, the film was a success at the box office, grossing over $2 million.
1930 reissue with sound[edit]
After the successful introduction of sound pictures during the 1928–29 movie season, Universal announced that they had secured the rights to a sequel to The Phantom of the Opera from the Gaston Leroux estate. Entitled The Return of the Phantom, the picture would have sound and be in color.[9] Universal could not use Chaney in the film as he was now under contract at MGM,[10] and unbeknownst to the studio, Chaney was already sick from throat cancer, which would ultimately kill him the following year.
Universal later scrapped the sequel, and instead opted to reissue The Phantom of the Opera with a new synchronized score and effects track, as well as new dialog sequences. Directors Ernst Laemmle and Frank McCormick reshot a little less than half of the picture with sound during August 1929. The footage reused from the original film was scored with music arranged by Joseph Cherniavsky, and sound effects. Mary Philbin and Norman Kerry reprised their roles for the sound reshoot, and Edward Martindel, George B. Williams, Phillips Smalley, Ray Holderness, and Edward Davis were added to the cast to replace actors who were unavailable.[11] Universal was contractually unable to loop Chaney's dialogue, but voiceovers by the Phantom were looped over shots of his shadow. (The voiceovers are uncredited, but were probably done by Phillips Smalley.) Because Chaney's talkie debut was eagerly anticipated by filmgoers, advertisements emphasized, "Lon Chaney's portrayal is a silent one!"
The sound version of Phantom opened on February 16, 1930, and grossed another million dollars. This version of the film is lost, although the soundtrack discs survive.
Lon Chaney
in The Phantom of the Opera
The success of The Phantom of the Opera inspired Universal to finance the production of a long string of horror films such as Dracula, Frankenstein, The Wolf Man, The Invisible Man, and The Mummy, as well as numerous sequels to all five movies.[12] Many of the films are now considered studio classics.
Differences from the novel[edit]
Although this particular adaptation is often considered the most faithful, it contains some significant plot differences from the original novel.
In the movie, M. Debienne and M. Poligny transfer ownership of the opera to M. Montcharmin and M. Richard, while in the novel they are simply the old and new managers.
The character of Ledoux is not a mysterious Persian and is no longer a onetime acquaintance of the Phantom. He is now a French detective of the Secret Police. This character change was not originally scripted; it was made during the title card editing process.
The Phantom has no longer studied in Persia in his past. Rather, he is an escapee from Devil's Island and an expert in "the Black Arts".
The filmmakers initially intended to preserve the original ending of the novel, and filmed scenes in which the Phantom dies of a broken heart at his organ after Christine leaves his lair. There was also a short scene showing Christine and Raoul on a honeymoon. Because of the preview audience's poor reaction, the studio decided to change the ending to a more exciting one. Utility director Edward Sedgwick was hired to provide a climactic chase scene, with an ending in which the Phantom, after having saved Ledoux and Raoul, kidnaps Christine in Raoul's carriage. He is hunted down and cornered by an angry mob, who beat him to death and throw him into the Seine.
Preservation status[edit]
The unmasking scene which was said to have made theater patrons scream and faint in 1925. The Eastman House version is on the left, the original 1925 version on the right.
The finest quality print of the film existing was struck from an original camera negative for George Eastman House in the early 1950s by Universal Pictures. The original 1925 version survives only in 16mm "Show-At-Home" prints created by Universal for home movie use in the 1930s. There are several versions of these prints, but none is complete. All are from the original domestic camera negative.[13]
Because of the better quality of the Eastman House print, many home video releases have opted to use it as the basis of their transfers. This version has singer Mary Fabian in the role of Carlotta. In the reedited version, Virginia Pearson, who played Carlotta in the 1925 film, is credited and referred to as "Carlotta's Mother" instead. Most of the silent footage in the 1930 version is actually from a second camera, used to photograph the film for foreign markets and second negatives; careful examination of the two versions shows similar shots are slightly askew in composition in the 1930 version.[13] In 2009, ReelClassicDVD issued a special edition multi-disc DVD set which included a matched shot side-by-side comparison of the two versions, editing the 1925 Show-At-Home print's narrative and continuity to match the Eastman House print.[14]
For the 2003 Image Entertainment–Photoplay Productions two-disc DVD set, the 1930 soundtrack was reedited in an attempt to fit the Eastman House print as best as possible. However, there are some problems with this attempt. There is no corresponding "man with lantern" sequence on the sound discs. While the "music and effect" reels without dialogue seem to follow the discs fairly closely, the scenes with dialogue (which at one point constituted about 60% of the film) are generally shorter than their corresponding sequences on the discs. Also, since the sound discs were synchronized with a projection speed of 24 frames per second (the established speed for sound film), and the film on the DVD is presented at a slower frame rate (to reproduce natural speed), the soundtrack on the DVD set has been altered to run more slowly than the originally recorded speed. A trailer for the sound reissue, included for the first time on the DVD set, runs at the faster sound film speed, with the audio at the correct pitch.
On November 1, 2011, Image Entertainment released a new Blu-ray version of Phantom, produced by Film Preservation Associates, the film preservation company owned by David Shepard.[14]
On January 10, 2012, Shadowland Productions released The Phantom of the Opera: Angel of Music Edition, a two-disc DVD set featuring a newly recorded dialogue track with sound effects and an original musical score. The film was also reedited, combining elements from the 1925 version with the 1929 sound release. A 3D anaglyph version is included as an additional special feature.[15]
Eastman House print mystery[edit]
It is uncertain for what purpose the negative used to strike the Eastman House print was produced, as it includes footage from the 1930 sound reissue, and shows few signs of wear or damage.
For unknown reasons, an opening prologue showing a man with a lantern has been added—using a single continuous take—but no corresponding title cards or dialogue survive. This shot seems to have been a talking sequence, but it shows up in the original 1925 version, shorter in duration and using a different, close-up shot of the man with the lantern. Furthermore, the opening title sequence, the lantern man, the footage of Mary Fabian performing as Carlotta, and Mary Philbin's opera performances are photographed at 24 frames per second (sound film speed), and therefore were shot after the movie's original release. It is possible that the lantern man is meant to be Joseph Buquet, but the brief remaining close-up footage of this man from the 1925 version does not appear to be of Bernard Siegel, who plays Buquet. The man who appears in the reshot footage could be a different actor as well, but since there is no close-up of the man in this version, and the atmospheric lighting partially obscures his face, it is difficult to be certain.
While it was common practice to simultaneously shoot footage with multiple cameras for prints intended for domestic and foreign markets, the film is one of few for which footage of both versions survives (others include Buster Keaton's Steamboat Bill, Jr. and Charlie Chaplin's The Gold Rush).[citation needed] Comparisons of the two versions (both in black and white and in color) yield:
Footage of most of the scenes shot from two slightly different angles
Different takes for similar scenes
24 fps sound scenes replacing silent scene footage
Variations in many rewritten dialogue and exposition cards, in the same font
Some possibilities regarding the negative's intended purpose are:
It is an international sound version for foreign markets.
It is a silent version for theaters not yet equipped with sound in 1930.
It is a negative made for Universal Studios' reference.
International sound version[edit]
Two comparative frames of narrative titles from the 1930 sound reissue. The title on the left is from the Technicolor sequence, which survives in 35mm. On the right, a lost title card from a 16mm print-down, not sourced from the Eastman House version.
"International sound versions" were sometimes made of films which the producing companies judged not to be worth the expense of reshooting in a foreign language. These versions were meant to cash in on the talkie craze; by 1930 anything with sound did well at the box office, while silent films were largely ignored by the public. International sound versions were basically part-talkies, and were largely silent except for musical sequences. Since the films included synchronized music and sound effect tracks, they could be advertised as sound pictures, and therefore capitalize on the talkie craze in foreign markets without the expense of reshooting scenes with dialogue in foreign languages.
To make an international version, the studio would simply replace any spoken dialogue in the film with music, and splice in some title cards in the appropriate language. Singing sequences were left intact, as well as any sound sequences without dialogue.
The surviving sound discs of The Phantom of the Opera belong to the domestic release, but do not synchronize with the dialogue portions of the film, which have been abbreviated on the Eastman House print. However, there is no record of the content of the international version of The Phantom, nor even of the existence of such a version. Furthermore, for international sound versions, one negative was generally made for all of Europe, sent overseas, and not returned. Additionally, the Eastman House print shows no signs of negative wear that would be consistent with that of a negative printed for multiple countries.
Silent version[edit]
During the transition to sound in 1930, it was not uncommon for two versions of a picture, one silent and one sound, to play simultaneously (particularly for a movie from Universal, which kept a dual-format policy longer than most studios). One possibility is that the Eastman House print is actually a silent version of the reissued film, made for theaters not yet equipped with sound.
However, according to trade journals of the time, no silent reissue was available. Harrison's Reports, which was always careful to specify whether or not a silent version of a movie was made, specifically stated that "there will be no silent version."[16] Furthermore, by 1930, fewer exhibitors were booking completely silent films, and this had forced all of the major studios to add soundtracks and dialogue sequences to all of their major releases that had previously been intended for release as silent pictures. Studios no longer expended much time or money on silent versions, which were meant to be shown in rural areas where theaters could not yet afford the conversion to sound. Nevertheless, if the extant print is a silent version, it would explain why Universal still had it and also the lack of wear on the negative from which it was struck.
Color preservation[edit]
The "Bal Masqué" scene was highlighted by using the Technicolor process.
According to Harrison's Reports, when the film was originally released, it contained 17 minutes of color footage; this footage was retained in the 1930 part-talking version.[17] Technicolor's records show 497 feet of color footage. Judging from trade journals and reviews, all of the opera scenes of Faust as well as the "Bal Masqué" scene were shot in Process 2 Technicolor (a two-color system). Prizmacolor sequences were also shot for the "Soldier's Night" introduction. Only the "Bal Masqué" scene survives in color. In the scene on the rooftop of the opera, the Phantom's cape was colored red, using the Handschiegl color process. This effect has been replicated by computer colorization in the 1996 restoration by Kevin Brownlow's Photoplay Productions.
As with many films of the time, black-and-white footage was tinted various colors to provide mood. These included amber for interiors, blue for night scenes, green for mysterious moods, red for fire, and yellow (sunshine) for daylight exteriors.
Legacy[edit]
The film has been deemed "culturally significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. It was included, at #52, in Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.
In the United States, the film is in the public domain due to Universal's failure to renew the copyright in 1953,[18] and may be freely downloaded from the Internet Archive.
Universal would be involved in four more Phantom adaptations. The studio released a remake in 1943, distributed the Hammer Films remake in 1962, and distributed the 2004 adaptation of the musical in Latin America and Australia, as well as the 2011 adaptation of the same musical.
Reboot[edit]
Main article: Dark Universe (franchise)
Universal Pictures is developing a shared universe of rebooted modern-day versions of their classic Universal Monsters, with various films in different stages of development. In June 2017, producer/director Alex Kurtzman revealed that The Phantom of the Opera is one of the films that will have an installment in the Dark Universe.[19] But on November 8, 2017, Alex Kurtzman and Chris Morgan moved on to other projects, leaving the future of the Dark Universe in doubt.[20]
See also[edit]
List of early color feature films
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Phantom of the Opera (1943 film)
Universal Monsters
References[edit]
Explanatory notes
Jump up ^ Hinrichs' score was available by the time the film went into general release. (Reference: Music Institute of Chicago (2007) program note)
Citations
Jump up ^ Harrison's Reports film review; September 17, 1925, page 151.
Jump up ^ "The Phantom of the Opera (1925) - Release dates". Internet Movie Database. Amazon.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Preface to Forsyth, Frederick (1999). The Phantom of Manhattan. Bantam Press. ISBN 0-593-04510-6.
Jump up ^ "Lon Chaney Plays Role Of Paris Opera Phantom". New York Times. September 7, 1925. Retrieved 2010-11-01. The Phantom of the Opera, which has been many months in the making, is to be presented this evening at the Astor Theatre. We have told of the great stage effects, of the production of a section of the Paris Opera, with the grand staircase, the amphitheater, the back-stage scene -- shifting devices and cellars associated with the horrors of the Second Commune. ...
Jump up ^ Glass, Chris (August 26, 2014). "Historic Soundstage 28 Has Been Demolished". insideuniversal.net. Archived from the original on April 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Ted (August 28, 2014). "Universal to Demolish 'Phantom of the Opera' Soundstage, But Preserve Silent Film's Set".
Jump up ^ Mordaunt Hall, "The Screen", The New York Times, September 7, 1925
Jump up ^ "Cinema: The New Pictures Sep. 21, 1925", TIME
Jump up ^ "'U' to Make 'Phantom' Sequel in Sound and Color". Film Daily, May 5, 1929, Pg. 1.
Jump up ^ "Chaney Not For 'U' Sequel." Film Daily, May 17, 1929, Pg. 6.
Jump up ^ "'Phantom' Dialogue Scenes Are Finished By Universal." Motion Picture News, August 24, 1929, P. 724.
Jump up ^ The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux, 1988 edition published by Dorset Press, New York.
^ Jump up to: a b "Versions and Sources of the Phantom of the Opera". blogspot.com. Nerdly Pleasures. December 31, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Phantom of the Opera - Silent Era : Home Video Reviews". silentera.com.
Jump up ^ The Phantom Speaks
Jump up ^ Harrison's Reports film review; February 15, 1930, page 26.
Jump up ^ Harrison's Reports film review; February 15, 1930, page 27.
Jump up ^ Pierce, David (June 2007). "Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain". Film History: An International Journal. 19 (2): 125–43. doi:10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 25165419. OCLC 15122313.
Jump up ^ "Dark Universe Adding Hunchback of Notre Dame & Phantom of the Opera". June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys; Couch, Aaron (November 8, 2017). "Universal's "Monsterverse" in Peril as Top Producers Exit (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film).
The Phantom of the Opera on IMDb
The Phantom of the Opera (1925) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
The Phantom of the Opera (1929) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
The Phantom of the Opera at the TCM Movie Database
The Phantom of the Opera at AllMovie
The Phantom of the Opera at Rotten Tomatoes
rare lobby card
[show]
v
t
e
The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux
Books
The Phantom of the Opera (1909–1910)
Phantom (1990)
The Canary Trainer (1993)
The Phantom of Manhattan (1999)
Stage adaptations
Phantom of the Opera (1976)
The Phantom of the Opera (1986)
Phantom (1991)
Love Never Dies (2010)
Film and television
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Song at Midnight (1937)
Phantom of the Opera (1943)
The Phantom of the Opera (1962)
The Phantom of Hollywood (1974)
Phantom of the Paradise (1974)
Opera (1987)
The Phantom of the Opera (1989)
Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge (1989)
The Phantom of the Opera (1990)
The Phantom Lover (1995)
The Phantom of the Opera (1998)
The Phantom of the Opera (2004)
The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall (2011)
Characters
Erik
Christine Daaé
Viscount Raoul de Chagny
The Persian
Carlotta
Madame Giry
Meg Giry
Joseph Buquet
Songs
"The Phantom of the Opera"
"The Music of the Night"
"All I Ask of You"
"Learn to Be Lonely"
"'Til I Hear You Sing"
Other
Don Juan Triumphant
Punjab lasso
Adaptations
Return of the Phantom
Palais Garnier
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Rupert Julian
The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin (1918)
Merry-Go-Round (1923)
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Three Faces East (1926)
The Yankee Clipper (1927)
Walking Back (1928)
The Cat Creeps (1930)
[show]
v
t
e
Universal Monsters
Films
Dracula
Dracula (English)/(Spanish) (1931)
Dracula's Daughter (1936)
Son of Dracula (1943)
Remakes
Dracula (1979)
Dracula Untold (2014)
Frankenstein
Frankenstein (1931)
Bride of Frankenstein (1935; character)
Son of Frankenstein (1939)
The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942)
Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932)
The Black Cat (1934)
The Raven (1935)
The Black Cat (1941)
The Mystery of Marie Roget (1942)
Mummy
(Imhotep
• Kharis)
The Mummy (1932)
The Mummy's Hand (1940)
The Mummy's Tomb (1942)
The Mummy's Ghost
The Mummy's Curse (1944)
Dark Universe
The Mummy (2017)
The Mummy
The Mummy (1999)
Returns (2001)
Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008)
Invisible Man
The Invisible Man (1933)
Returns
The Invisible Woman (1940)
Invisible Agent (1942)
The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944)
Werewolves (The Wolf Man)
Werewolf of London (1935)
The Wolf Man (1941)
She-Wolf of London (1946)
The Wolfman (2010)
Crossovers
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943)
House of Frankenstein (1944)
House of Dracula (1945)
Van Helsing (2004)
Abbott and Costello Meet
Frankenstein (1948)
Killer, Boris Karloff (1949)
Invisible Man (1951)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953)
Mummy (1955)
Ape Woman
Captive Wild Woman (1943)
Jungle Woman (1944)
The Jungle Captive (1945)
Inner Sanctum
Mysteries
Calling Dr. Death (1943)
Weird Woman
Dead Man's Eyes (1944)
The Frozen Ghost
Strange Confession
Pillow of Death (1945)
Gill-man
Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)
Revenge of the Creature (1955)
The Creature Walks Among Us (1956)
Other films
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)
The Cat and the Canary (1927)
The Man Who Laughs (1928)
The Last Warning
The Last Performance (1929)
The Cat Creeps
La Voluntad del muerto (1930)
The Old Dark House (1932)
Secret of the Blue Room (1933)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1935)
The Invisible Ray (1936)
Night Key (1937)
The Phantom Creeps (1939)
Phantom of the Opera
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Phantom of the Opera (1943)
Tower of London (1939)
Black Friday (1940)
Man Made Monster
Horror Island (1941)
The Mad Doctor of Market Street
The Strange Case of Doctor Rx
Night Monster (1942)
The Mad Ghoul (1943)
The Climax (1944)
The Spider Woman Strikes Back
The Cat Creeps (1946)
The Creeper
House of Horrors (1946)
The Brute Man (1946)
The Strange Door (1951)
The Black Castle (1952)
It Came from Outer Space (1953)
Tarantula
Cult of the Cobra
This Island Earth (1955)
Curucu, Beast of the Amazon
The Mole People (1956)
The Incredible Shrinking Man
The Deadly Mantis
The Land Unknown
The Monolith Monsters (1957)
The Thing That Couldn't Die
Monster on the Campus (1958)
Curse of the Undead (1959)
The Leech Woman (1960)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Edward Sedgwick
Fantômas (1920)
The Bearcat (1922)
The Gentleman from America (1923)
Dead Game (1923)
Shootin' for Love (1923)
Blinky (1923)
The Ramblin' Kid (1923)
The Thrill Chaser (1923)
Hook and Ladder (1924)
Ride for Your Life (1924)
40-Horse Hawkins (1924)
Broadway or Bust (1924)
The Sawdust Trail (1924)
Hit and Run (1924)
The Ridin' Kid from Powder River (1924)
The Hurricane Kid (1925)
The Saddle Hawk (1925)
Let 'er Buck (1925)
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Slide, Kelly, Slide (1927)
The Bugle Call (1927)
Spring Fever (1927)
West Point (1927)
Circus Rookies (1928)
The Cameraman (1928)
Spite Marriage (1929)
Free and Easy (1930)
Estrellados (1930)
Doughboys (1930)
Remote Control (1930)
Parlor, Bedroom and Bath (1931)
Maker of Men (1931)
The Passionate Plumber (1932)
Speak Easily (1932)
What! No Beer? (1933)
Horse Play (1933)
Saturday's Millions (1933)
The Poor Rich (1934)
I'll Tell the World (1934)
Here Comes the Groom (1934)
Father Brown, Detective (1934)
Murder in the Fleet (1935)
The Virginia Judge (1935)
Mr. Cinderella (1936)
Pick a Star (1937)
Riding on Air (1937)
Fit for a King (1937)
The Gladiator (1938)
Burn 'Em Up O'Connor (1939)
So You Won't Talk (1940)
Air Raid Wardens (1943)
A Southern Yankee (1948)
Ma and Pa Kettle Back on the Farm (1951)
I Love Lucy (1953)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 185576485
LCCN: n94004568
GND: 4586045-2
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1925_film)&oldid=834294597"
Categories:
1925 films
1920s horror films
American films
American horror films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films based on The Phantom of the Opera
Films directed by Rupert Julian
Films directed by Edward Sedgwick
Films directed by Lon Chaney
Films about composers
Films based on horror novels
Films set in Paris
Films set in a theatre
Monster movies
Films about opera
Silent films in color
United States National Film Registry films
Universal Monsters film series
Universal Pictures films
Gothic horror films
Hidden categories:
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
Wikipedia introduction cleanup from September 2016
All pages needing cleanup
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2016
All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
Articles needing additional references from September 2016
All articles needing additional references
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
Use mdy dates from June 2016
Film articles using image size parameter
Articles to be expanded from September 2016
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
All self-contradictory articles
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011
Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2011
All articles lacking in-text citations
Articles needing additional references from July 2011
Articles with Internet Archive links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Lëtzebuergesch
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
中文
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 April 2018, at 22:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Talk:The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film).jpg

values: File:The Phantom of the Opera (1925).webm

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm/480px--The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:480px;height:360px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="5481.345" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1925).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="499640" data-framerate="1000"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-title="Original WebM file, 480 × 360 (542 kbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="480" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="541744" data-framerate="1000"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="214" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="125968" data-framerate="1000"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_%281925%29.webm.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="250552" data-framerate="1000"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=TimedText:The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1925).webm.en.srt&action=raw&ctype=text%2Fx-srt" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="en" label="English (en) subtitles" data-mwtitle="TimedText:The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1925).webm.en.srt" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" data-dir="ltr"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Lon_Chaney,_Sr.
mw-redirect
Lon Chaney, Sr.

values: Edward Cecil (actor) (page does not exist)

values: text-align: left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 4em;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Birth_of_a_Nation
mw-redirect
Birth of a Nation

values:
/wiki/Astor_Theatre_(New_York)
mw-redirect
Astor Theatre (New York)

values: This contradicts the next sentence. (October 2017)

values: Category:Articles contradicting other articles

values:
/wiki/Hollywood,_California
mw-redirect
Hollywood, California

values: This contradicts the previous sentence. (October 2017)

values:
/wiki/Throat_cancer
mw-redirect
Throat cancer

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Universal_Monsters
mw-redirect
Universal Monsters

values: Edit section: Differences from the novel

values:
/wiki/George_Eastman_House
mw-redirect
George Eastman House

values: Edit section: Eastman House print mystery

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: International sound version

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)
mw-redirect
Bravo (US TV channel)

values:
/wiki/Hammer_Films
mw-redirect
Hammer Films

values: The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall

values:
/wiki/Dark_Universe_(franchise)
mw-redirect
Dark Universe (franchise)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database
mw-redirect
Internet Movie Database

values:
/wiki/New_York_Times
mw-redirect
New York Times

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2979%2FFIL.2007.19.2.125

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0892-2160

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/25165419

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/15122313

values: -moz-column-width: 45em; -webkit-column-width: 45em; column-width: 45em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes

values: q:Special:Search/The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)

values: commons:Category:The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0016220/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v37949

values: The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer, Boris Karloff

values: Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man

values: Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/185576485

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4586045-2

values: Category:Films based on The Phantom of the Opera

values: Category:Films directed by Rupert Julian

values: Category:Films directed by Edward Sedgwick

values: Category:United States National Film Registry films

values: Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from September 2016

values: Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2016

values: Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:Film articles using image size parameter

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from September 2016

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011

values: Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2011

values: Category:All articles lacking in-text citations

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2011

values: Category:Articles with Internet Archive links

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: شبح الأوبرا (فيلم 1925) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: The Phantom of the Opera (película de 1925) – Spanish

values: The Phantom of the Opera (filmo, 1925) – Esperanto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values: شبح اپرا (فیلم ۱۹۲۵) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra (film, 1925) – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: The Phantom of the Opera (film 1925) – Indonesian

values: Il fantasma dell'Opera (film 1925) – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: The Phantom of the Opera (Film 1925) – Luxembourgish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values: Az Operaház fantomja (film, 1925) – Hungarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Fantoma de la operă (film din 1925) – Romanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Призрак Оперы (фильм, 1925) – Russian

values: The Phantom of the Opera (1925 movie) – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Fantom iz opere (film iz 1925) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: The Phantom of the Opera (film, 1925) – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: Suuren oopperan kummitus (vuoden 1925 elokuva) – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Fantomen på Stora operan (film, 1925) – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Operadaki Hayalet (film, 1925) – Turkish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Привид опери (фільм, 1925) – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_1925_film rootpage-The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_1925_film skin-vector action-view


text:
Sloan Fellows
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the management program for business leaders. For the fellowship for early-career scientists, see Sloan Research Fellowship.
The Sloan Fellows program is the world's first mid-career master's degree in general management and leadership initially supported by a grant from Alfred P. Sloan, the late CEO of General Motors, to his alma mater, MIT. The program was established in 1930. later, it was expanded to other leading two business schools of the Stanford Graduate School of Business, and the London Business School (LBS). Considered to be the most prestigious management training program, it targets experienced managers who have demonstrated success either within organizations or independently as entrepreneurs.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Academics
3 Admission
4 Traditional full-time MBA programs comparison
5 MIT, Stanford and LBS differences
6 Degrees
7 Prominent alumni
8 References
9 Further reading
History[edit]
The Sloan Fellows Program was created at the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1930, by Alfred P. Sloan, Chairman of General Motors from 1937 to 1956, who envisioned the Sloan Fellowship as a means of developing the "ideal manager". The Sloan Fellows Program is the world's first management and leadership education program for mid-career experienced managers.
In the following decades, the program was expanded to include the Sloan Master's at Stanford Graduate School of Business[1] (1957[2]) and the Sloan Master's at London Business School[3] (1968 [4]). In 2013 Stanford changed the name of its Sloan Fellows Program to Stanford MSx (Master of Science in Management for Experienced Leaders), though participants in the program remain Stanford Sloan Fellows.[5]
Academics[edit]
Sloan Fellows comprise a mix of company- and self-sponsored candidates. On all three schools, a significant degree of experience is required for admission. This is in keeping with Alfred P. Sloan's conviction that experienced managers would benefit best from the program. Alumni describe the program as "transformational", in keeping with the original vision of preparing successful managers for senior business leadership positions.
The Sloan Fellows program runs full-time over the course of 12–14 months, depending on electives. London Business School and MIT Sloan offer an optional research project/thesis.[6][7][8]
The program recognizes the importance of developing leadership as well as management competency in Sloan Fellows. As such, in addition to the standard MBA curriculum of management courses, the Sloan program contains a strong personal-development component designed to develop the leadership and strategic thinking capabilities of Sloan Fellows.
Admission[edit]
Admission to Sloan Fellow Program is highly selective and goes through several steps of selection. In MIT Sloan School of Management, the prospective applicant needs to first register interest in the program website and upload resume. After initial screening, a member of the admission committee calls the screened registered applicant for 30 minutes discussion. Number of screened and interviewed by telephone prospective applicants will be invited to visit the program in Cambridge, Massachusetts for class visit, sit with current students and meet the program officers. After this stage, the applicant to submit a formal application. The received applications are again screened and the selected files will be moved to the interview stage. The invited candidates will have to participate in a formal admission interview, usually held in MIT Sloan campus, or globally in selected places. Following the interview, the decisions letters of admission or rejection will be sent to the applicants. this process is repeated three times for three rounds of application deadlines.
Traditional full-time MBA programs comparison[edit]
The table below shows the main differences between the Sloan Fellows program and the traditional top MBA programs.
Typical top 10 MBA program
Sloan Fellows program
Duration Full-time, 2-year Full-time, 1-year
Average work experience 4-year 13-year, 8-year minimum
Average age 25 - 30 30 - 45
International students < 40% > 60%
Class size between 400 and 1000 between 50 and 110
Degree MBA MSc in Management (except MIT, which offers MBA too)
GMAT/GRE Required Required (at MIT & Stanford, avg GMAT ~ 700)
Work experience influence on acceptance Medium High
MIT, Stanford and LBS differences[edit]
Although the program in any of the three schools are very similar in nature, there are some key difference among them. The table below summarizes the differences:
MIT Sloan School of Management
Stanford Graduate School of Business
London Business School
Minimum experience 10-year[9] 8-year [10] 12-year [11]
Average experience 14-year [12] 12-year [13] 16-year [14]
Class size ~110 [9] ~83 [13] ~52 [14]
Passports 35 [15] 31 [13] 22 [14]
Tuition $131,000 [16] $116,500 [17] £53,700 [18]
Degree MBA or SM in Management or Management of Technology [19] MS in Management (MSM) [20] MSc in Leadership and Strategy [21]
Degrees[edit]
Sloan Fellows at MIT Sloan may opt for an MBA, Masters of Science in Management, or Masters of Science in Management of Technology. Sloan Fellows at London Business School and Stanford Graduate School of Business are both awarded a Master of Science degree.
Prominent alumni[edit]
Notable Sloan Fellows of the MIT Sloan School of Management include:
F. Duane Ackerman (SF '78), former Chairman and CEO of BellSouth
Gan Siow Huang (SF '10), first singaporean female general
Megan Brennan (SF'03), CEO of United States Postal Service
Thad Allen, former Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard
Kofi Annan (SF '72), former Secretary-General of the United Nations and winner of Nobel Peace Prize in 2001
Chan Chun Sing (SF '05), Senior Minister of State for Defence, Singapore
Colby Chandler, former Chairman and CEO of Eastman Kodak
Philip M. Condit (SF '75), former Chairman and CEO of the Boeing Company
Megan J. Brennan, 74th United States Postmaster General
Carly Fiorina, former CEO of Hewlett-Packard
Donald V. Fites (SF '71), former Chairman and CEO of Caterpillar Inc.
William Clay Ford, Jr. (SF '84), Chairman of Ford Motor Company
James C. Foster (SF '85), Chairman and CEO of Charles River Laboratories
Bruce S. Gordon (SF '88), former President and CEO of NAACP
Roger W Hale, (SF '79), former Chairman and CEO of LG&E Energy Corp
Daniel Hesse, President and CEO of Sprint Nextel
Robert Horton (SF '71), British businessman and former Chairman and CEO of BP
Robert Lawrence Kuhn (SF '80), China expert, corporate strategist, and public intellectual
Nabiel Makarim (SF '85), former Minister of Environment of Indonesia
Alan Mulally (SF '82), President and CEO of Ford Motor Company
Abdullatif bin Ahmed Al Othman (SF '98), Governor of Saudi Arabia's General Investment Authority (SAGIA)
Ziad bin Mohammed Al-Shiha (SF'06), CEO of Saudi Electricity Company
Abdullah Al Saadan (SF'07), Senior Vice President of Saudi Aramco
William A. Porter, co-founder of E*TRADE
Gerhard Schulmeyer, former President and CEO of Siemens
Keiji Tachikawa (SF '78), President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
John W. Thompson (SF '83), Chairman of Symantec
Ronald L. Turner, former Chairman, President, and CEO of Ceridian
Ron Williams (SF '84), CEO and Chairman of Aetna
Notable Stanford MSx (Sloan Fellows) alumni include:
William Amelio (MS '89), President and CEO, Lenovo Group Limited (China)
Scott Brady (MS '00), founder and CEO, Fiber Tower and Slice (US)
Lord John Browne of Madingley (MS '81), Chairman and CEO of BP, Member of the British House of Lords (UK)
Dr. Ching-Chu Chang, Chairman, Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation (Taiwan)
Lars Daalgard (MS '99), Founder and CEO, SuccessFactors, Partner at Andreessen Horowitz (US)
Sir Howard Davies (MS '80), Director, London School of Economics, and Deputy Governor, Bank of England (UK)
Paul Deneve (MS '10), CEO, Yves Saint Laurent (France)
Jean-Pierre Dupret (MS '80), Chairman, ROVA (Belgium)
William Easter III (MS '91), Chairman, President and CEO, Duke Energy Field Services (US)
Teresa Elder (MS '94), CEO, Vodafone Ireland
Thomas Falk (MS '89), Chairman, President and CEO, Kimberly-Clark Corp (US)
Farhad Forbes (MS '91), Director, Forbes Marshall Companies (India)
Dr. Chris Gibson-Smith (MS '85), Chairman, London Stock Exchange (UK)
Alan Giles (MS '88), CEO, HMV Media Group plc (UK)
Charles Griffith (MS '84), Managing Director, Arcapita (US)
Kirk Hawkins (MS '05), Founder and CEO, ICON Aircraft (US)
Karl Slym (MS), CEO, Tata Motors (UK)
Brigadier General Lee Hsien Yang (MS '80), CEO, SingTel (Singapore)
Katsumi Ihara, Executive Deputy President and Group CFO, Sony Corporation (Japan)
Hon. Regina Ip (MS '87), Secretary for Security, Government of Hong Kong
Robert Joss (MS '66), CEO, Westpac Bank (Australia), and Dean, Stanford Graduate School of Business (US)
Sebastien Lepinard (MS '07), Founder and Managing Partner, Next World Group (US)
Hon. Swee Say Lim (MS '91), Minister for the Environment, Singapore
Dagfinn Lunde (MS '82), Chairman and CEO, DVB Nedship Bank (Netherlands)
Sir Deryck Maughan (MS '78), Managing Director and Chairman, KKR Asia, former CEO of Citigroup International (US)
Sir Callum McCarthy (MS '82), Chairman, Financial Services Authority (UK)
Hank McKinnell (MS '68), Chairman and CEO, Pfizer (US)
Philip Murtaugh (MS '85), Chairman and CEO, General Motors China
Daniel Novegil (MS '84), CEO, Ternium (Argentina)
Roger Pedder (1973), Chairman, C. & J. Clark Shoes (UK)
John Robert Porter (MS '81), Chairman, Telos Group (Belgium)
Mark Pigott (MS '95), Chairman and CEO, PACCAR (US)
Bernhard Josef Pleschko, Chairman and Managing Director, Swarovski (Austria)
Barry Rand (MS '72), CEO of AARP (US)
William Shaw (MS '08), Founder and CCO, VivaColombia Airlines (Colombia)
Kazuomi Kaneto (MS '08), Founder and CEO, Pacifico Energy K.K. (Japan)
Frank Shrontz (1970), Chairman, Boeing (US)
George Watkins (MS '85), Chairman and Managing Director, ConocoPhillips (UK)
Ray Webster (MS '88), Chairman, EasyJet (US)
Peter Ziebelman (MS '87), Co-founder, Palo Alto Venture Partners (US)
Michael Cagney, CEO of SoFi [22]
Notable London Business School (Sloan Fellows) alumni include:
Mark Abell SLN97 Imparta MD
Seyi Ajibola SLN2007 CEO, Zircon Marine Limited
Richard Allen SLN2000 Founder & CFO, 101Elements Pte Ltd
Michael Berman SLN13 Chairman Actix
Philip Blackwell SLN96 CEO Blackwell Ventures ; CEO at Scholium Group Plc
Richard Boggis-Rolfe SLN13 Executive Chairman, Odgers, Ray & Berndtson
Paul Boissier SLN2000 Chief Executive, Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Former CB Deputy Commander-in-Chief, British Navy Maritime Forces
Andreas Bos SLN2011 Founder, Deviehl
Marcelo Bravo SLN2000 Founder, CTO, Oxford Pharmascience Group Plc
Kevin Burke SLN10 Chairman, Vanguard Petroleum
Malcolm Butler SLN2006 Partner, Chief Operating Officer, COMAC Capital LLP
Justin Cadbury SLN14 Chief Executive, Data Broadcasting International Ltd; now enterprise
Kristen Cardinal SLN2011 Director of Global Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute
Eileen Carr SLN97 NED Talvivaara Mining Co plc.; CFO roles global mining sector
Alain Castro SLN2002 CEO, Ener-Core Power
Peter Christiensen SLN96 CEO Precious Media Ltd
Carla Cico SLN25 Former CEO Brasil Telecom
Tony Cohen SLN20 CEO Fremantle Media to 2012
Mary Curnock-Cook, OBE SLN2002 Chief Executive Universities & Colleges Admissions Service
Peter Daresbury SLN12 NEC De Vere Group; CEO Nasstar PLC
Paul Dezelsky SLN24 Former President APAC, HMV current investment/advisory
Neil Dhar SLN2005 Executive Vice President, Energy Coal and Carbon Complex, Noble Group
Olivia Dickson SLN2005 NED AON
Barbara Domayne Hayman SLN2000 Entrepreneur-in-residence' at the Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst
Hendrik du Toit SLN97 CEO, Investec Asset Management Limited
John Dyfrig SLN15 Non-Executive Director of Lloyds Banking Group, Former CEO of HSBC Bank plc
Jitesh Gadhia SLN2000 Senior Advisor, Blackstone Group
Wael Ghanayem SLN2012 Chief Finance and Operating Officer, Zain Iraq
Judy Gibbons SLN2010 Non-Executive Director, Guardian Group, Accel Partners; NED Michael Kors
John Haddon SLN2011 CEO, Tang Investments LLC
Tom Hawkins SLN2003 CFO, Talis Group
Adrian Hennah SLN21 CFO Reckitt Benckiser
Amjad Hussain SLN2002 Executive Director, Jacobs UK formerly Controller of the Nav
Richard Hytner SLN2003 Deputy Chairman Worldwide, Saatch & Saatchi
Rowena Ironside SLN2002 Chair, Women on Boards; NEDs CTO/CFO roles
Jeff Lyons SLN2001 CEO, Infinitesima Ltd
Hugh Mackay SLN2000 CEO Europa Oil & Gas (Holdings) Plc
David Neil-Gallacher SLN14 Acting Secretary General, British Water
Etsuji Otsuka SLN2008 Co-founder & CIO, TRUIM Partners Co., Ltd.
Fred Pakis SLN12 MD, Clarendon Capital Management LLC
. Mahesh Ramachandran SLN2005 MD, Commonwealth Inclusive Growth Services Ltd
Jacque Rozenvaig SLN96 Director General,Tecban
Tim Stephenson SLN20 "Chairman of Johnson Matthey plc.
Jonathan Strauss SLN2011 Founder, Deviehl
Scott Sunderman SLN2002 Group Chief Executive Officer, Healix International
Paula Sussex SLN94 CEO Charity Commission
Rob van Basten Batenburg SLN2001 "Managing Director, Marwind Group
Alain Vertes SLN2004 Managing Director, NxR Biotechnologies
Andrew Webb SLN2000 MD, Solaraid
Vijay Ghadge SLN2011 COO, gojavas.com
Nnenna Okoro SLN2011 VP/Deputy General Manager, Stanbic IBTC (a subsidiary of Standard Bank of South Africa)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stanford Graduate School of Business. "Stanford Sloan Master's Program". Stanford University. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Stanford GSB. "The Sloan Program at 50". Stanford GSB. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ London Business School. "Sloan Masters in Leadership and Strategy". London Business School. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
Jump up ^ London Business School. "Sloan 40th anniversary". London Business School. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Stanford renames Sloan Master's Program - http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/redesigned-sloan-masters-curriculum-named-stanford-msx-program-experienced-leaders
Jump up ^ [1] Archived June 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ International Study Trip
Jump up ^ [2] Archived June 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "MIT Sloan Fellows Admissions Criteria". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Stanford Sloan Eligibility". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Who is the Sloan programme designed for?". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "MIT Sloan Fellows - Program brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 2 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Stanford Sloan Class of 2013 Profile". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "LBS Sloan Masters - Class of 2012 Profile" (PDF). Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "MIT Sloan Fellows - Class of 2013". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "MIT Sloan Fellows - Program Expenses". Retrieved 7 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stanford Sloan Cost of Attendance for the 2014". Retrieved 7 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "LBS Sloan Masters - Fees and financing". Retrieved 7 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "MIT Sloan Fellows - Degree and research options". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Stanford Sloan". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "LBS Sloan Masters". Retrieved 2 January 2013.
Jump up ^ https://www.crunchbase.com/person/michael-cagney#/entity
Further reading[edit]
Wikipedia list of prominent Sloan Fellows
MIT Sloan Fellows Program in Innovation & Global Leadership
Stanford Sloan Master's Program
Sloan Fellowship MSc at London Business School
Interview with Stephen Sacca, MIT SF '90 and Director of the MIT Sloan Fellow Program, Aug 3rd 2010
Blog about Stanford Sloan Fellows Program
Facebook Page about the MIT SF Program
Linkedin Sloan Fellows Group
FT.com March 19, 2012 article on the Sloan Fellows Program: "A degree of choice for the older and wiser student"
Nanyang Fellows
Google+ Profile for MIT Sloan Fellows Program
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sloan_Fellows&oldid=798957698"
Categories:
Educational programs
Business schools in Massachusetts
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
London Business School
Stanford University
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Lietuvių
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 September 2017, at 20:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/General_management
mw-redirect
General management

values: /wiki/MIT mw-redirect MIT

value: p

values:
/wiki/Sloan_Fellow
mw-redirect
Sloan Fellow

values: Edit section: Traditional full-time MBA programs comparison

values: Edit section: MIT, Stanford and LBS differences

values:
/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard
mw-redirect
U.S. Coast Guard

values:
/wiki/Eastman_Kodak
mw-redirect
Eastman Kodak

values:
/wiki/Megan_J._Brennan
mw-redirect
Megan J. Brennan

values:
/wiki/William_Clay_Ford,_Jr.
mw-redirect
William Clay Ford, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Sprint_Nextel
mw-redirect
Sprint Nextel

values: Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority

values: Ziad bin Mohammed Al-Shiha (page does not exist)

values: Abdullah Al Saadan (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Lenovo_Group
mw-redirect
Lenovo Group

values:
/wiki/British_House_of_Lords
mw-redirect
British House of Lords

values: Jean-Pierre Dupret (page does not exist)

values: William Easter III (page does not exist)

values: Chris Gibson-Smith (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sony_Corporation
mw-redirect
Sony Corporation

values:
/wiki/Robert_Joss
mw-redirect
Robert Joss

values: Sebastien Lepinard (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sir_Callum_McCarthy
mw-redirect
Sir Callum McCarthy

values:
/wiki/Hank_McKinnell
mw-redirect
Hank McKinnell

values: Bernhard Josef Pleschko (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Jitesh_Gadhia
mw-redirect
Jitesh Gadhia

values:
nofollow
http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sloan/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sloan

values:
nofollow
http://mitsloan.mit.edu/fellows/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.zenentrepreneur.com/blog/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nfp.ntu.edu.sg

values: Category:Business schools in Massachusetts

values: Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Sloan_Fellows
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sloan_Fellows rootpage-Sloan_Fellows skin-vector action-view