text:
99 Bottles of Beer
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"99 Bottles of Beer" is an anonymous folk song dating to the mid-20th century. It is a traditional reverse counting song in both the United States and Canada. It is popular to sing on long trips, as it has a very repetitive format which is easy to memorize and can take a long time to sing. In particular, the song is often sung by children on long bus trips, such as class field trips, or on Scout and/or Girl Guide outings.
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Andy Kaufman routine
3 Mathematically inspired variants
4 References in computer science
5 See also
6 References
Lyrics[edit]
The song's lyrics are as follows:[1][2]
99 bottles of beer on the wall, 99 bottles of beer.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of beer on the wall...
The same verse is repeated, each time with one bottle fewer, until there are none left. Variations on the last verse following the last bottle going down include lines such as:
No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.
Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall...
Or:
No more bottles of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer.
We've taken them down and passed them around; now we're drunk and passed out!
Another alternate line reads:
If that one bottle should happen to fall, what a waste of alcohol!
Andy Kaufman routine[edit]
The boring and time-consuming nature of the "99 Bottles of Beer" song means that probably only a small minority of renditions are done to the final verse.[citation needed] The American comedian Andy Kaufman exploited this fact in the routine early in his career when he would actually sing all 100 verses.[3]
Mathematically inspired variants[edit]
Donald Byrd has collected dozens of variants inspired by mathematical concepts and written by himself and others.[4] (A subset of his collection has been published.[5]) Byrd argues that the collection has pedagogic as well as amusement value. Among his variants are:
"Infinity bottles of beer on the wall". If one bottle is taken down, there are still infinite bottles of beer on the wall (thus creating an unending sequence much like "The Song That Never Ends").
"Aleph-null bottles of beer on the wall". Aleph-null is the size of the set of all natural numbers, and is the smallest infinity and the only countable one; therefore, even if an infinite aleph-null of bottles fall, the same amount remains.
"Aleph-one/two/three/etc. bottles of beer on the wall". Aleph-one, two, three, etc. are uncountable infinite sets, which are larger than countable ones; therefore, if only a countable infinity of bottles fall, an uncountable number remains.
Other versions in Byrd's collection involve concepts including geometric progressions, differentials, Euler's identity, complex numbers, summation notation, the Cantor set, the Fibonacci sequence, and the continuum hypothesis, among others.
References in computer science[edit]
The computer scientist Donald Knuth proved that the song has a complexity of O ( log  N ) {\displaystyle O(\log N)} in his in-joke-article "The Complexity of Songs".
Numerous computer programs exist to output the lyrics to the song. This is analogous to "Hello, World!" programs, with the addition of a loop. As with "Hello World!", this can be a practice exercise for those studying computer programming, and a demonstration of different programming paradigms dealing with looping constructs and syntactic differences between programming languages within a paradigm.
The program has been written in over 1500 different programming languages.[6]
A simple example using classical BASIC syntax:
FOR Bottle = 100 TO 1 STEP -1 PRINT STR(Bottle) +" bottles of beer on the wall, "+ STR(Bottle) +" bottles of beer" PRINT "Take one down and pass it around, "+ STR(Bottle-1) +" bottles of beer on the wall" NEXT Bottle
See also[edit]
Drinking song
"Ten Green Bottles" – a similar song which is popular in the United Kingdom
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nyberg, Tim (2006). 99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall: The Complete Lyrics. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7407-6074-7.
Jump up ^ Baird, Kevin C. (2007). Ruby by example: concepts and code. No Starch Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-59327-148-0.
Jump up ^ http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/122399/enc_S1223_Pa.html Andy Kaufman's 99 Bottles. Retrieved 15 Sep 2012.
Jump up ^ Byrd, Donald (2013-10-08). "Infinite Bottles of Beer: Mathematical Concepts with Epsilon Pain, Or: A Cantorial Approach to Cantorian Arithmetic and Other Mathematical Melodies" (PDF). Indiana University, School of Informatics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2011. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
Jump up ^ Donald Byrd (2010). "Infinite Bottles of Beer: A cantorial approach to Cantorian arithmetic and other mathematical melodies". Math Horizons: 16–17.
Jump up ^ Team, 99 Bottles of Beer. "99 Bottles of Beer - Start". www.99-bottles-of-beer.net.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=99_Bottles_of_Beer&oldid=809631165"
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Landlocked country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Landlocked" redirects here. For property inaccessible by a public road, see Landlocked parcel.
Landlocked countries: 42 landlocked (green), 2 doubly landlocked (purple)
A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 49 such countries, including five partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).
As a rule, being landlocked creates political and economic handicaps that access to the high seas avoids. For this reason, states large and small across history have striven to gain access to open waters, even at great expense in wealth, bloodshed, and political capital.
The economic disadvantages of being landlocked can be alleviated or aggravated depending on degree of development, language barriers, and other considerations. Some historically landlocked countries are quite affluent, such as Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Austria, all of which frequently employ neutrality to their political advantage. The majority, however, are classified as Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs).[1] 9 of the 12 countries with the lowest Human Development Indices (HDI) are landlocked.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Significance
1.1 Efforts to avoid being landlocked
1.2 Trade agreements
1.3 Political repercussions
2 By degree
2.1 Landlocked by a single country
2.2 Landlocked by two countries
2.3 Doubly landlocked
3 List of landlocked countries and territories
4 See also
5 References
Significance[edit]
Bolivia's loss of its coastline in the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) remains a major political issue
Historically, being landlocked has been disadvantageous to a country's development. It cuts a nation off from important sea resources such as fishing, and impedes or prevents direct access to seaborne trade, a crucial component of economic and social advance. As such, coastal regions tended to be wealthier and more heavily populated than inland ones. Paul Collier in his book The Bottom Billion argues that being landlocked in a poor geographic neighborhood is one of four major development "traps" by which a country can be held back. In general, he found that when a neighboring country experiences better growth, it tends to spill over into favorable development for the country itself. For landlocked countries, the effect is particularly strong, as they are limited in their trading activity with the rest of the world. He states, "If you are coastal, you serve the world; if you are landlocked, you serve your neighbors."[3] Others have argued that being landlocked may actually be a blessing as it creates a "natural tariff barrier" which protects the country from cheap imports. In some instances, this has led to more robust local food systems.[4][5]
Landlocked developing countries have significantly higher costs of international cargo transportation compared to coastal developing countries (in Asia the ratio is 3:1).[6]
Efforts to avoid being landlocked[edit]
Countries thus have made particular efforts to avoid being landlocked, by acquiring land that reaches the sea:
As result of a 2005 territorial exchange with Ukraine, Moldova received a 600 m-long bank of the Danube River (which is an international waterway), subsequently building its Port of Giurgiulești there.
The International Congo Society, which owned the territory now constituting the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was awarded a narrow piece of land cutting through Angola to connect it to the sea by the Conference of Berlin in 1885.
The Republic of Ragusa once gave the town of Neum to the Ottoman Empire because it did not want to have a land border with Venice; this small municipality was inherited by Bosnia and Herzegovina and now provides limited sea access, splitting the Croatian part of the Adriatic coast in two. Since Bosnia and Herzegovina is a new country, railways and ports have not been built for its need. There is no freight port along its short coastline at Neum, making it effectively landlocked, although there are plans to change this. Instead the port of Ploče in Croatia is used.
After World War I, in the Treaty of Versailles, a part of Germany designated "the Polish corridor" was given to the new Second Polish Republic, for access to the Baltic Sea. This gave Poland a short coastline, but without a large harbour. This was also the pretext for making Danzig (now Gdańsk) with its harbour the Free City of Danzig, to which Poland was given free access. However, the Germans placed obstacles to this free access, especially when it came to military material. In response, the small fishing harbour of Gdynia was soon greatly enlarged.
Until the dissolution of Austria–Hungary in 1918 at the end of World War I, Austrians, Hungarians and that empire's other nationalities had served in that country's navy, but since then, Austria and Hungary have both been landlocked countries.
Trade agreements[edit]
Countries can make agreements on getting free transport of goods through neighbour countries:
The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to offer Czechoslovakia a lease for 99 years of parts of the ports in Hamburg and Stettin, allowing Czechoslovakia sea trade via the Elbe and Oder rivers. Stettin was annexed by Poland after World War II, but Hamburg continued the contract so that part of the port (now called Moldauhafen) may still be used for sea trade by a successor of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic.
The Danube is an international waterway, and thus landlocked Austria, Hungary, Moldova, Serbia, and Slovakia have secure access to the Black Sea (the same access is given to inland parts of Germany and Croatia, though Germany and Croatia are not landlocked). However, oceangoing ships cannot use the Danube, so cargo must be transloaded anyway, and many overseas imports into Austria and Hungary use land transport from Atlantic and Mediterranean ports. A similar situation exists for the Rhine river where Switzerland has boat access, but not oceangoing ships. Luxembourg has such through the Moselle, but Liechtenstein has no boat access, even though it is located along the Rhine, as the Rhine is not navigable that far upstream.
The Mekong is an international waterway so that landlocked Laos has access to the South China Sea (since Laos became independent from French Indochina). However, it is not navigable due to the Khone Phapheng Falls.
Free ports allow transshipment to short-distance ships or river vessels.
The TIR Treaty allows sealed road transport without customs checks and charges, mostly in Europe.
Political repercussions[edit]
Losing access to the sea is generally a great blow to a nation, politically, militarily, and economically. The following are examples of countries becoming landlocked.
The independence of Eritrea, brought about by successful separatist movements, has caused Ethiopia to become landlocked.
Montenegro's decision to abandon the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro caused the federal unit of Serbia to become a landlocked independent state.
Bolivia lost its coastline to Chile in the War of the Pacific and accepted it in treaties signed in 1884 and 1904. The last treaty gives port storage facilities and special treatment for the transit of goods from and to Bolivia through Chilean ports and territory. Peru and Argentina have also given special treatment for the transit of goods. A fluvial Bolivian Navy, which did not exist at the time of the War of the Pacific, was created later and both train and operates in Lake Titicaca and rivers. The Bolivian people annually celebrate a patriotic "Dia del Mar" (Day of the Sea) to remember its territorial loss, which included both the coastal city of Antofagasta and what has proven to be one of the most significant and lucrative copper deposits in the world. Early in the 21st century, the selection of the route of gas pipes from Bolivia to the sea fueled popular uprisings, as people were against the option of laying the pipes through Chilean territory.
Austria and Hungary also lost their access to the sea as a consequence of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) and the Treaty of Trianon (1920) respectively. Previously, although Croatia had a limited constitutional autonomy within the Kingdom of Hungary, the City of Fiume/Rijeka on the Croatian coast was governed directly from Budapest by an appointed governor as a corpus separatum, to provide Hungary with its only international port in the periods 1779–1813, 1822–1848 and 1868–1918.
By 1801, the Nizam's dominion of Hyderabad State assumed the shape it is now remembered for: that of a landlocked princely state with territories in central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India, whereas 150 years earlier it had had a considerable coastline on the Bay of Bengal which was annexed by the British.[7]
It is possible that one of the causes of the Paraguayan War was Paraguay's lack of direct ocean access (although this is disputed; see the linked article).
When the Entente Powers divided the former Ottoman Empire under the Treaty of Sèvres at the close of World War I, Armenia was promised part of the Trebizond vilayet (roughly corresponding to the modern Trabzon and Rize provinces in Turkey). This would have given Armenia access to the Black Sea. However, the Sèvres treaty collapsed with the Turkish War of Independence and was superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne, which firmly established Turkish rule over the area.
In 2011, South Sudan broke off from Sudan, causing the former to become landlocked. There still remains conflict over the oil fields in South Sudan between the two countries.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea now gives a landlocked country a right of access to and from the sea without taxation of traffic through transit states. The United Nations has a programme of action to assist landlocked developing countries,[8] and the current responsible Undersecretary-General is Anwarul Karim Chowdhury.
Some countries have a long coastline, but much of it may not be readily usable for trade and commerce. For instance, in its early history, Russia's only ports were on the Arctic Ocean and frozen shut for much of the year. The wish to gain control of a warm-water port was a major motivator of Russian expansion towards the Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, some landlocked countries can have access to the ocean along wide navigable rivers. For instance, Paraguay (and Bolivia to a lesser extent) have access to the ocean by the Paraguay and Parana rivers.
Several countries have coastlines on landlocked seas, such as the Caspian and the Dead. Since these seas are in effect lakes without access to wider seaborne trade, countries such as Kazakhstan are still considered landlocked. Although the Caspian Sea is connected to the Black Sea via the man-made Volga–Don Canal, large oceangoing ships are unable to traverse it.
By degree[edit]
Landlocked countries may be bordered by a single country having access to the high seas, two or more such countries, or be surrounded by other landlocked countries, making a country doubly landlocked.
Landlocked by a single country[edit]
Three countries are landlocked by a single country (enclaved countries) :
Lesotho, a state surrounded by South Africa.
San Marino, a state surrounded by Italy.
Vatican City, a state forming part of Rome, thus surrounded by Italy.
Landlocked by two countries[edit]
Seven landlocked countries are surrounded by only two mutually bordering neighbors (semi-enclaved countries):
Andorra (between France and Spain)
Bhutan (between India and China)
Liechtenstein (one of the "doubly landlocked" countries, between Switzerland and Austria)
Moldova (between Ukraine and Romania)
Mongolia (between Russia and China)
Nepal (between India and China)
Swaziland (between South Africa and Mozambique)
To this group could be added two de facto states with no or limited international recognition:
South Ossetia (between Russia and Georgia)
Transnistria (between Ukraine and Moldova)
Doubly landlocked[edit]
A country is "doubly landlocked" or "double-landlocked" when it is surrounded entirely by one or more landlocked countries (requiring the crossing of at least two national borders to reach a coastline).[9][10]
Liechtenstein in Central Europe, surrounded by Switzerland and Austria.[11]
Uzbekistan in Central Asia, surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.[12]
There were no doubly landlocked countries in recent times from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the end of World War I. Liechtenstein bordered the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had an Adriatic coastline, and Uzbekistan was then part of the Russian Empire, which had both ocean and sea access.
With the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and creation of an independent, landlocked Austria, Liechtenstein became the sole doubly landlocked country until 1938. In the Nazi Anschluss that year Austria was absorbed into the Third Reich, which possessed a border on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. After World War II, Austria regained its independence and Liechtenstein once again became doubly landlocked.
Uzbekistan, which had been absorbed by the new Soviet Union upon the toppling of the Russian throne in 1917, gained its independence with the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in 1991 and became the second doubly landlocked country.
However, Uzbekistan's doubly landlocked status depends on the Caspian Sea's status dispute: some countries, especially Iran and Turkmenistan, claim that the Caspian Sea should be considered as a real sea (mainly because this way they would have larger oil and gas fields), which would make Uzbekistan only a simple landlocked country because its neighbours Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have access to the Caspian Sea.
List of landlocked countries and territories[edit]
Country
Area (km2)
Population
Cluster
Surrounding countries
Count
Afghanistan 652,230 33,369,945 Central Asia Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, Pakistan 6
Andorra 468 84,082 (none) France, Spain 2
Armenia[e] 29,743 3,254,300 Caucasia Iran, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan 4
Austria 83,871 8,572,895 Central Europe Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland 8
Azerbaijan[a] 86,600 8,997,401 Caucasia Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Turkey 4
Belarus 207,600 9,484,300 (none) Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, Latvia 5
Bhutan 38,394 691,141 (none) India, China 2
Bolivia 1,098,581 10,907,778 South America Peru, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay 5
Botswana 582,000 1,990,876 Southern Africa Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa 4
Burkina Faso 274,222 15,746,232 Central Africa Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast 6
Burundi 27,834 10,557,259 Central Africa Rwanda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo 3
Central African Republic 622,984 4,422,000 Central Africa Chad, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, South Sudan 6
Chad 1,284,000 13,670,084 Central Africa Libya, Niger, Sudan, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Cameroon 6
Czech Republic 78,867 10,674,947 Central Europe Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia 4
Ethiopia 1,104,300 101,853,268 Central Africa Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan 6
Hungary 93,028 10,005,000 Central Europe Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine 7
Kazakhstan[a] 2,724,900 16,372,000 Central Asia China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan 5
Kosovo[c] 10,908 1,804,838 Central Europe Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia 4
Kyrgyzstan 199,951 5,482,000 Central Asia China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan 4
Laos 236,800 6,320,000 (none) Myanmar, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand 5
Lesotho[d] 30,355 2,067,000 (none) South Africa 1
Liechtenstein 160 35,789 Central Europe Switzerland, Austria 2
Luxembourg 2,586 502,202 (none) Belgium, Germany, France 3
Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.) 25,713 2,114,550 Central Europe Kosovo, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania 5
Malawi 118,484 15,028,757 Southern Africa Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique 3
Mali 1,240,192 14,517,176 Central Africa Algeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania 7
Moldova 33,846 3,559,500 (Eastern Europe) Romania, Ukraine 2
Mongolia 1,566,500 2,892,876 (none) China, Russia 2
Artsakh[c] 11,458 146,600 Caucasia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran 3
Nepal 147,181 26,494,504 (none) China, India 2
Niger 1,267,000 15,306,252 Central Africa Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Algeria 7
Paraguay 406,752 6,349,000 South America Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia 3
Rwanda 26,338 10,746,311 Central Africa Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4
San Marino[d] 61 31,716 (none) Italy 1
Serbia 88,361 7,306,677 Central Europe Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania (via Kosovo and Metohija[c]) 8
Slovakia 49,035 5,429,763 Central Europe Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Hungary 5
South Ossetia[c] 3,900 72,000 (none) Georgia, Russia 2
South Sudan 619,745 8,260,490 Central Africa Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic 6
Swaziland 17,364 1,185,000 (none) Mozambique, South Africa 2
Switzerland 41,284 7,785,600 Central Europe France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, Italy 5
Tajikistan 143,100 7,349,145 Central Asia Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China 4
Transnistria[c] 4,163 505,153 (Eastern Europe) Moldova, Ukraine 2
Turkmenistan[a] 488,100 5,110,000 Central Asia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran 4
Uganda 241,038 40,322,768 Central Africa Kenya, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania 5
Uzbekistan 449,100 32,606,007 Central Asia Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan 5
Vatican City[d] 0.44 826 (none) Italy 1
West Bank[b][c] 5,655 2,862,485 (none) Israel, Jordan 2
Zambia 752,612 12,935,000 Southern Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Angola 8
Zimbabwe 390,757 12,521,000 Southern Africa South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique 4
Total
14,776,228 475,818,737
Percentage of World
11.4% 6.9%
a Has a coastline on the saltwater Caspian Sea
b Has a coastline on the saltwater Dead Sea
c Disputed region with limited international recognition
d Landlocked by just one country
e Not fully recognized
They can be grouped in contiguous groups as follows:[13]
Central Asian cluster (6): Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Central European cluster (9): Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo (partially recognized), Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia and Switzerland
West, Central and East African cluster (10): Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda
South African cluster (4): Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Caucasian cluster (3): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Artsakh (unrecognized)
South American cluster (2): Bolivia, Paraguay
If Transnistria is included then Moldova and Transnistria form their own cluster, listed in parentheses in the table.
If it were not for the 40 km of coastline at Muanda, DR Congo would join the two African clusters into one, making them the biggest contiguous group in the world. Also, the Central Asian and Caucasian clusters can be considered contiguous, joined by the landlocked Caspian Sea. Mongolia is almost part of this cluster too, being separated from Kazakhstan by only 30 km, across Russian or Chinese territory.
There are the following "single" landlocked countries (each of them borders no other landlocked country):
Africa (2): Lesotho, Swaziland
Asia (5): Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, West Bank (partially recognized)
Europe (6): Andorra, Belarus, Luxembourg, Moldova (if Transnistria is excluded), San Marino, and the State of the Vatican City
Caucasus (1): South Ossetia (partially recognized)
If the Caucasian countries and Kazakhstan are counted as part of Europe, then Europe has the most landlocked countries, at 20. If these transcontinental countries are included in Asia, then Africa has the most, at 16. Depending on the status of the three transcontinental countries, Asia has between 9 and 15, while South America has only 2. North America and Australia are the only continents with no landlocked countries (not including Antarctica, which has no countries).
See also[edit]
Geography portal
Convention on Transit Trade of Land-locked States
Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast
Enclave and exclave
Landlocked parcel, real estate plots with no legal access to a public roadway
List of countries and territories by land and maritime borders
List of countries that border only one other country
Navies of landlocked countries
List of landlocked U.S. states
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Paudel, R. C. (2012). "Landlockedness and Economic Growth: New Evidence". Growth and Export Performance of Developing Countries: Is Landlockedness Destiny? (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Australian National University. pp. 13–72.
Jump up ^ Faye, M. L.; McArthur, J. W.; Sachs, J. D.; Snow, T. (2004). "The Challenges Facing Landlocked Developing Countries". Journal of Human Development. 5 (1): 31–68 [pp. 31–32]. doi:10.1080/14649880310001660201.
Jump up ^ Collier, Paul (2007). The Bottom Billion. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 56, 57. ISBN 978-0-19-537338-7.
Jump up ^ Moseley, W. G.; Carney, J.; Becker, L. (2010). "Neoliberal Policy, Rural Livelihoods and Urban Food Security in West Africa: A Comparative Study of The Gambia, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 107 (13): 5774–5779. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5774M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905717107.
Jump up ^ Moseley, W. G. (2011). "Lessons from the 2008 Global Food Crisis: Agro-Food Dynamics in Mali". Development in Practice. 21 (4–5): 604–612.
Jump up ^ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2010). Review of Maritime Transport, 2010 (PDF). New York and Geneva: United Nations. p. 160. ISBN 978-92-1-112810-9. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Chopra, P. N.; Puri, B. N.; Das, M. N. A Comprehensive History of India. 3. p. 298.
Jump up ^ UN Report Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Dempsey Morais, Caitlin. "Landlocked Countries". Geolounge. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Landlocked Countries". About.com. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "IGU regional conference on environment and quality of life in central Europe". GeoJournal. 28 (4). 1992. doi:10.1007/BF00273120.
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook Uzbekistan
Jump up ^ MacKellar, Landis; Wörgötter, Andreas; Wörz, Julia. "Economic Development Problems of Landlocked Countries" (PDF). Wien Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 12.
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text:
List of countries by firearm-related death rate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2017)
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (June 2017)
This is a historical list of countries by firearm-related death rate per 100,000 population in one year.
The following list includes justifiable homicides, suicides, and accidental fatalities.
Not included are homicides by other means, suicides by other means, accidental deaths by other means, and/or justifiable deaths by other means.
Contents
[hide]
1 List
2 Charts and graphs
3 See also
4 References
5 Sources
6 External links
List[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Firearm-related death rate per 100,000 population per year
Country
Total
Year
Homicides
Suicides
Unintentional
Undetermined
Sources and notes
Guns per 100 inhabitants[citation needed]
Argentina ! Argentina 6.36 2009 2.58 (2012) 1.57 (2009) 0.05 (2009) 2.57 (2009) Guns in Argentina[1][2] 10.2
Australia ! Australia 0.93 2013 0.16 (2013) 0.74 (2013) 0.02 (2013) 0.02 (2013) Guns in Australia[3] 21.7
Austria ! Austria 2.63 2011 0.10 (2011) 2.43 (2011) 0.01 (2009) 0.04 (2011) Guns in Austria[4] 30.4
Azerbaijan ! Azerbaijan 0.30 ? 0.27 (2010) 0.01 (2007) 0.02 (2007) ? Guns in Azerbaijan[5] 3.5
Barbados ! Barbados 3.12 ? 3.12 (2013) ? ? ? Guns in Barbados[6] 7.8
Belarus ! Belarus 0.23 ? 0.14 (2009) ? 0.09 (1996) ? Guns in Belarus[7] 7.3
Belgium ! Belgium 1.82 2010 0.33 (2010) 1.33 (2010) 0.02 (2010) 0.14 (2010) Guns in Belgium[8] 17.2
Bolivia ! Bolivia 0.74 ? 0.74 (2010) ? ? ? Guns in Bolivia[9] 2.8
Brazil ! Brazil 21.2 2014 19.99 (2014) 0.45 (2014) 0.18 (2014) 0.59 (2014) Mapa da Violência 2016[10] 8
Bulgaria ! Bulgaria 1.71 2012 0.34 (2012) 0.97 (2012) 0.23 (2012) 0.10 (2012) Guns in Bulgaria[11] 6.2
Canada ! Canada 1.97 mixed years 0.38 (2013) 1.52 (2011) 0.05 (2011) 0.02 (2011) Statistics Canada [12] 30.8
Chile ! Chile 1.95 mixed years 1.02 (2011) 0.81 (2009) 0.08 (2009) 0.04 (2001) Guns in Chile[13] 10.7
China ! China 0.06 2016 ? ? ? ? Guns in China[14] (incomplete)
Colombia ! Colombia 25.94 mixed years 23.93 (2013) 0.87 (2009) 0.11 (2009) 1.03 (2009) Guns in Colombia[15] 5.9
Costa Rica ! Costa Rica 7.50 mixed years 5.92 (2013) 1.27 (2002) 0.07 (2002) 0.24 (2000) Guns in Costa Rica[16] 9.9
Croatia ! Croatia 2.68 2012 0.40 (2012) 2.37 (2012) 0.05 (2012) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Croatia[17] 21.7
Cuba ! Cuba 0.5 2011 0.20 (2013) 0.3 (2011) 0.05 (2011) 0.01 (2011) Guns in Cuba[18] 2
Cyprus ! Cyprus 1.87 mixed years 1.05 (2012) 0.58 (2011) 0.12 (2009) 0.12 (2010) Guns in Cyprus[19] 36.4
Czech Republic ! Czech Republic 2.01 2012 0.15 (2012) 1.66 (2012) 0.09 (2012) 0.13 (2012) Guns in Czech Republic[20] 16.3
Denmark ! Denmark 1.28 2011 0.22 (2011) 1.09 (2011) 0.04 (2008) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Denmark[21] 12
El Salvador ! El Salvador 45.6 2011 26.49 (2013) 0.13 (2009) 0.15 (1999) unavailable Guns in El Salvador[22] 5.8
Estonia ! Estonia 2.67 2012 0.15 (2012) 2.11 (2012) 0.15 (2011) 0.30 (2012) Guns in Estonia[23] 9.2
Finland ! Finland 3.25 2013 0.32 (2012) 2.94 (2013) 0.02 (2011) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Finland[24][25] 27.5
France ! France 2.83 2012 0.21 (2012) 2.16 (2012) 0.04 (2012) 0.41 (2012) Guns in France[26] 31.2
Georgia ! Georgia 1.98 mixed years 0.49 (2010) 0.09 (2009) 1.00 (2009) 0.40 (2010) Guns in Georgia[27] 7.3
Germany ! Germany 1.01 2012 0.07 (2012) 0.84 (2012) 0.01 (2012) 0.08 (2012) Guns in Germany[28] 30.3
Greece ! Greece 1.52 2011 0.53 (2011) 0.86 (2011) 0.06 (2011) 0.00 (1998) Guns in Greece[29] 22.5
Guatemala ! Guatemala 34.10 mixed years 29.62 (2013) 0.34 (2009) 1.33 (2009) 2.81 (2009) Guns in Guatemala[30] 13.1
Honduras ! Honduras 67.18 ? 66.64 (2013) 0.41 (2013) 0.13 (2013) ? Guns in Honduras[31] 6.2
Hong Kong ! Hong Kong 0.03 mixed years 0.00 (2004) 0.03 (1999) 0.00 (1996) 0.00 (1996) Guns in Hong Kong[32] ?
Hungary ! Hungary 0.95 2012 0.11 (2012) 0.81 (2012) 0.02 (2012) 0.02 (2012) Guns in Hungary[33] 5.5
Iceland ! Iceland 0.07 2016 0.00 (2012) 1.25 (2009) ? ? Guns in Iceland[34] 30.3
India ! India 0.28 2014 0.30 (2009) 0.14 (2008) 0.04 (2008) ? Guns in India[35][36] 4.2
Ireland ! Ireland 0.8 2012 0.25 (2012) 0.28 (2012) 0.08 (2012) unavailable Guns in Ireland[37] 3.89
Israel ! Israel 2.09 2011 1.04 (2011) 0.67 (2011) 0.05 (2011) 0.26 (2011) Guns in Israel[38] 7.3
Italy ! Italy 1.31 2010 0.35 (2010) 0.87 (2010) 0.09 (2010) 0.02 (2010) Guns in Italy[39] 11.9
Jamaica ! Jamaica 30.72 ? 30.38 (2013) 0.34 (1995) ? ? Guns in Jamaica[40] 8.1
Japan ! Japan 0.06 mixed years 0.00 (2008) 0.04 (1999) 0.01 (1999) 0.01 (1999) Guns in Japan[41] 0.6
Kuwait ! Kuwait 0.36 mixed years 0.36 (1995) 0.00 (1999) 0.00 (2000) 0.00 (2000) Guns in Kuwait[42] 24.8
Kyrgyzstan ! Kyrgyzstan 1.01 2010 0.53 (2010) 0.07 (2010) 0.28 (2010) 0.13 (2010) Guns in Kyrgyzstan[43] 0.9
Latvia ! Latvia 1.43 2010 0.18 (2010) 0.94 (2010) 0.04 (2010) 0.27 (2010) Guns in Latvia[44] 19
Luxembourg ! Luxembourg 1.19 2011 0.00 (2011) 1.16 (2011) 0.22 (2004) 0.39 (2010) Guns in Luxembourg[45] 15.3
Macedonia ! Macedonia 1.69 mixed years 0.91 (2011) 0.63 (2010) 0.15 (2010) 0.00 (1997) Guns in Macedonia[46] ?
Mexico ! Mexico 11.23 2014 6.34 (2015) 0.44 (2014) 0.40 (2014) 0.46 (2014) Guns in Mexico[47] 15
Moldova ! Moldova 1.03 2011 0.45 (2011) 0.42 (2011) 0.08 (2011) 0.08 (2011) Guns in Moldova[48] 7.1
Montenegro ! Montenegro 8.91 ? 2.42 (2011) 6.49 (2009) ? ? Guns in Montenegro[49] 23.1
Netherlands ! Netherlands 0.58 2011 0.29 (2011) 0.28 (2011) 0.01 (2010) 0.01 (2010) Guns in Netherlands[50] 3.9
New Zealand ! New Zealand 1.07 mixed years 0.11 (2014) 0.84 (2011) 0.05 (2010) 0.00 (2010) Guns in New Zealand[51][52] 30
Nicaragua ! Nicaragua 4.68 mixed years 3.72 (2012) 0.34 (2010) 0.16 (2010) 0.46 (2010) Guns in Nicaragua[53] 7.7
Norway ! Norway 1.75 2012 0.10 (2012) 1.63 (2012) 0.02 (2012) 0.00 (2008) Guns in Norway[54] 31.3
Panama ! Panama 15.11 mixed years 14.36 (2013) 0.57 (2009) 0.06 (2002) 0.12 (2009) Guns in Panama[55] 21.7
Paraguay ! Paraguay 7.76 mixed years 5.78 (2013) 1.16 (2009) 0.30 (2009) 0.52 (2009) Guns in Paraguay[56] 17
Peru ! Peru 5.53 mixed years 4.22 (2013) 0.07 (2009) 0.93 (2007) 0.31 (2007) Guns in Peru[57] 18.8
Philippines ! Philippines 8.90 ? 8.90 (2003) ? ? ? Guns in Philippines[58] 4.7
Poland ! Poland 0.26 2011 0.04 (2011) 0.09 (2011) 0.03 (2011) 0.10 (2011) Guns in Poland[59] 1.3
Portugal ! Portugal 1.58 mixed years 0.42 (2012) 1.01 (2011) 0.03 (2011) 0.12 (2011) Guns in Portugal[60] 8.5
Qatar ! Qatar 0.15 ? 0.15 (2004) ? ? ? Guns in Qatar[61] 19.2
Romania ! Romania 0.14 mixed years 0.04 (2012) 0.06 (2011) 0.04 (2011) 0.00 (2011) Guns in Romania[62] 0.7
Serbia ! Serbia 3.49 2012 0.61 (2012) 2.49 (2012) 0.14 (2012) 0.29 (2012) Guns in Serbia[63] 37.82
Singapore ! Singapore 0.16 mixed years 0.02 (2006) 0.12 (1998) 0.02 (1998) 0.00 (1998) Guns in Singapore[64] 0.5
Slovakia ! Slovakia 1.83 mixed years 0.26 (2012) 0.94 (2010) 0.39 (2010) 0.24 (2010) Guns in Slovakia[65] 8.3
Slovenia ! Slovenia 2.64 mixed years 0.20 (2012) 2.34 (2010) 0.05 (2009) 0.05 (2010) Guns in Slovenia[66] 13.5
South Africa ! South Africa 8.3 2010 8.2 (2010) 0.1 (2010) 0.02 (1999) 0.11 (1999) Guns in South Africa[67] 12.7
South Korea ! South Korea 0.08 mixed years 0.02 (2011) 0.04 (2002) 0.01 (2002) 0.01 (2002) Guns in South Korea[68] 1.1
Spain ! Spain 0.62 mixed years 0.15 (2010) 0.42 (2010) 0.05 (2010) 0.00 (2007) Guns in Spain[69] 10.4
Swaziland ! Swaziland 37.16 ? 37.16 (2004) ? ? ? Guns in Swaziland[70] 6.4
Sweden ! Sweden 1.47 2010 0.19 (2010) 1.20 (2010) 0.06 (2010) 0.01 (2010) Guns in Sweden[71] 31.6
Switzerland ! Switzerland 3.01 mixed years 0.21 (2015) 2.74 (2013) 0.04 (2013) 0.09 (2013) Gun laws in Switzerland[72] 24.45
Taiwan (R.O.C.) ! Taiwan 0.87 mixed years 0.60 (2008) 0.12 (1994) 0.11 (1994) 0.04 (1994) Guns in Taiwan[73] ?
Turkey ! Turkey 1.95 mixed years 1.03 (2016) 0.81 (2013) 0.11 (2016) 0.01 (2016) Mixed sources [74][75][76] ?
Ukraine ! Ukraine 0.24 ? 0.24 (2009) ? ? ? Guns in Ukraine[77] 6.6
United Kingdom ! United Kingdom 0.23 2011 0.06 (2011) 0.15 (2011) 0.00 (2011) 0.02 (2011) Guns in the United Kingdom[78] 2.8 [79]
United States ! United States 10.54 2014 3.43 (2014) 6.69 (2014) 0.18 (2014) 0.08 (2014) Guns in United States[80] 101.05
Uruguay ! Uruguay 11.52 mixed years 4.78 (2013) 4.68 (2009) 2.00 (2009) 0.06 (2009) Guns in Uruguay[81] 31.8
Venezuela ! Venezuela 59.13 mixed years 39.00 (2009) 0.48 (2007) 0.17 (2007) 19.48 (2007) Guns in Venezuela[82] 10.7
Zimbabwe ! Zimbabwe 0.39 mixed years 0.3 (2007) 0.09 (1995) unavailable unavailable Guns in Zimbabwe[83] 4.6
Country
Total
Year
Homicides
Suicides
Unintentional
Undetermined
Sources and notes
Guns per 100 habitants
Charts and graphs[edit]
List of countries by firearm-related death rate
See also[edit]
FBI Uniform Crime Reports for 2014
Firearm death rates in the United States by state
List of countries by intentional homicide rate
List of countries by suicide rate
Number of guns per capita by country
List of cities by murder rate
List of U.S. states by homicide rate
List of United States cities by crime rate (2012) (250,000+)
United States cities by crime rate (100,000–250,000)
United States cities by crime rate (60,000-100,000)
Index of gun politics articles
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Guns in Argentina: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-16. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Las muertes por armas de fuego, en su nivel más bajo desde el retorno democrático".
Jump up ^ "Guns in Australia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2014-10-15. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Austria: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-16. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Azerbaijan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-16. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Barbados: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Belarus: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Belgium: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Bolivia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2015-12-12. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mapa da Violência 2016: Homicídio por armas de fogo no Brasil". Mapa da Violência. FLACSO BRASIL. 2016-08-26. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Bulgaria: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2013-05-19. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Canada — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Chile: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "US vs. Other Countries: Gun Violence". npr.org. National Public Radio (NPR). Retrieved 2017-010-06. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Guns in Colombia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Costa Rica: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Croatia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Cuba: Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Cyprus: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Czech Republic: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Denmark: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
Jump up ^ "Guns in El Salvador: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Estonia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Finland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ ""Something terrible has happened": Does Finland need to wake up to its gun problem?". Retrieved 2015-12-30.
Jump up ^ "Guns in France: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Georgia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Germany: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Greece: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Guatemala: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Honduras: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Hong Kong: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Hungary: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "US vs. Other Countries: Gun Violence". npr.org. National Public Radio (NPR). Retrieved 2017-010-06. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Guns in India: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Number of Victims Murdered by Use of Fire Arms During 2014" (PDF). [National Crime Records Bureau]. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Ireland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Israel: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Italy: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Jamaica: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Japan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Kuwait: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Kyrgyzstan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Latvia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Luxembourg: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Macedonia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Mexico: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Moldova: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Montenegro: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Netherlands: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in New Zealand: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/97512128/opportunity-missed-for-nz-to-tighten-gun-control-laws
Jump up ^ "Guns in Nicaragua: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Norway: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Panama: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Paraguay: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Peru: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Philippines: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Poland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Portugal: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Qatar: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Romania: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Serbia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Singapore: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Slovakia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Slovenia: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in South Africa: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in South Korea: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Spain: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Swaziland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Sweden: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Switzerland: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 2016. Retrieved 2017-04-20. Schusswaffentodesfälle 1995–2014, Federal Statistical Office (2016).
Jump up ^ "Guns in Taiwan: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Suicide Statistics 2013". Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Turkish Homicide Statistics". Hurriyet Newspaper. Hurriyet. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Turkish Homicide by Firearms Statistics". Milliyet Newspaper. milliyet. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Ukraine: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Guns in the United Kingdom: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/firearm-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2010-2011
Jump up ^ "United States - Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Uruguay: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Venezuela — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2014-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Guns in Zimbabwe: Facts, Figures and Firearm Law". Gunpolicy.org. University of Sydney School of Public Health. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
Sources[edit]
(Krug 1998) EG Krug, KE Powell and LL Dahlberg. "Firearm-related deaths in the United States and 35 other high- and upper-middle-income countries.", International Journal of Epidemiology 1998.[1] Statistics among 36 countries between 1990 and 1995.
(UNODC 2002)The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001–2002). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2005.[2] This report provides more updated information on homicide by firearms, but not on suicide by firearms.
(UNODC 2000)The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998–2000). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2002.[3] This report provides more updated information on homicide by firearms, but not on suicide by firearms.
(Barrow 2000) Greg Barrow. "SA gun deaths rise", BBC, 2000-02-15.[4]
(Kaiser 2004) Deaths Due to Injury by Firearms per 100,000 Population, 2004. StateHealthFacts.org, 2008-04-08 [5]
Uniform Crime Reports 2014, FBI statistics
(GunCite 2008) International Homicide Comparisons. GunCite.com, 2008-04-08 [6]
(CDC 2012) Fatal Injury Mapping (2004–2006). CDC.gov, 2012-02-05 [7]
(GunPolicy 2012) Global Impacts of Gun Violence. GunPolicy.org, 2012-02-10 [8]
(UNODC 2012) UNODC Homicide Statistics 2012 [9]
(Victims of crime survey 2011) Victims of crime survey 2011 – 9.7 The use of weapons when crime is committed [10]
(WHO 2012) European Detailed Mortality Database [11] ICD-10: W32-W34, X72-X74, X93-X95, Y22-Y24
GunPolicy.org. 2011. ‘Calculated Rates – Australia.’ UN World Population Prospects – Total Population (both sexes combined)
External links[edit]
UNODC Crime Survey 9TH ED
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Jump up ^ EG Krug, KE Powell and LL Dahlberg. "Firearm-related deaths in the United States and 35 other high- and upper-middle-income countries" (PDF). International Journal of Epidemiology 1998:27:214-221.
Jump up ^ "The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001–2002)". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998–2000)". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Archived from the original on 2006-11-04. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
Jump up ^ Greg Barrow (2000-02-15). "SA gun deaths rise". BBC.
Jump up ^ Kaiser Family Foundation / statehealthfacts.org "Deaths Due to Injury by Firearms per 100,000 Population". StateHealthFacts.org. 2008-04-08.
Jump up ^ "International Homicide Comparisons". GunCite.com. 2008-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Fatal Injury Mapping". CDC.gov. 2012-02-05. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25.
Jump up ^ "Global Impacts of Gun Violence". gunpolicy.org. 2012-02-10.
Jump up ^ "UNODC Homicide Statistics 2012". unodc.org. Archived from the original on 2013-03-09.
Jump up ^ "Victims of crime survey 2011" (PDF). statssa.gov.za.
Jump up ^ "European Detailed Mortality Database". data.euro.who.int.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate&oldid=828082634"
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values: فهرست کشورها بر پایه میزان مرگ و میر مرتبط با اسلحه گرم – Persian

values: فہرست ممالک بلحاظ شرح اموات از آتشیں اسلحہ – Urdu

values: 各国枪支引发的死亡比率列表 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate rootpage-List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate skin-vector action-view