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American Quarter Horse
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American Quarter Horse
A palomino American Quarter Horse shown at halter
Other names
Quarter Horse
Country of origin
United States
Traits
Distinguishing features
Great sprinting speed over short distances; short, refined head; strong, well-muscled body, featuring a broad chest and powerful, rounded hindquarters
Breed standards
American Quarter Horse Association
Equus ferus caballus
The American Quarter Horse, commonly called the Quarter Horse, is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other horse breeds in races of a quarter mile or less; some have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph (88.5 km/h). The American Quarter Horse is the most popular breed in the United States today, and the American Quarter Horse Association is the largest breed registry in the world, with almost 3 million living American Quarter Horses registered in 2014.[1]
The American Quarter Horse is well known both as a race horse and for its performance in rodeos, horse shows and as a working ranch horse. The compact body of the American Quarter Horse is well-suited to the intricate and speedy maneuvers required in reining, cutting, working cow horse, barrel racing, calf roping, and other western riding events, especially those involving live cattle. The American Quarter Horse is also shown in English disciplines, driving, and many other equestrian activities.
Contents
[hide]
1 Breed history
1.1 Colonial era
1.2 Westward expansion
1.3 Development as a distinct breed
2 "Appendix" and "Foundation" horses
3 American Quarter Horses today
4 Breed characteristics
4.1 Stock type
4.2 Halter type
4.3 Racing and hunter type
5 Genetic diseases
6 See also
7 References
8 Sources
9 Further reading
10 External links
Breed history[edit]
Colonial era[edit]
In the 17th century, colonists on the eastern seaboard of what today is the United States began to cross imported English Thoroughbred horses with assorted "native" horses such as the Chickasaw horse, which was a breed developed by Native American people from horses descended from Spain, developed from Iberian, Arabian and Barb stock brought to what is now the Southeastern United States by the Conquistadors.[2]
One of the most famous of these early imports was Janus, a Thoroughbred who was the grandson of the Godolphin Arabian. He was foaled in 1746, and imported to colonial Virginia in 1756.[3] The influence of Thoroughbreds like Janus contributed genes crucial to the development of the colonial "Quarter Horse".[4][5] The breed is sometimes referred to as the "Famous American Quarter Running Horse".[6] The resulting horse was small, hardy, and quick, and was used as a work horse during the week and a race horse on the weekends.[7]
As flat racing became popular with the colonists, the Quarter Horse gained even more popularity as a sprinter over courses that, by necessity, were shorter than the classic racecourses of England, and were often no more than a straight stretch of road or flat piece of open land. When matched against a Thoroughbred, local sprinters often won.[citation needed] As the Thoroughbred breed became established in America, many colonial Quarter Horses were included in the original American stud books,[6] starting a long association between the Thoroughbred breed and what would later become officially known as the "Quarter Horse", named after the 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) race distance at which it excelled.[8][9] with some individuals being clocked at up to 55 mph.[10]
Westward expansion[edit]
In the 19th century, pioneers heading West needed a hardy, willing horse. On the Great Plains, settlers encountered horses that descended from the Spanish stock Hernán Cortés and other Conquistadors had introduced into the viceroyalty of New Spain, which today includes the Southwestern United States and Mexico. These horses of the west included herds of feral animals known as Mustangs, as well as horses domesticated by Native Americans, including the Comanche, Shoshoni and Nez Perce tribes.[citation needed] As the colonial Quarter Horse was crossed with these western horses, the pioneers found that the new crossbred had innate "cow sense", a natural instinct for working with cattle, making it popular with cattlemen on ranches.[11]
Development as a distinct breed[edit]
See also: American Quarter Horse Association and American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame
A photograph of Peter McCue, taken in Oklahoma around 1905.
Early foundation sires of Quarter horse type included Steel Dust, foaled 1843; Shiloh (or Old Shiloh), foaled 1844; Old Cold Deck (1862); Lock's Rondo, one of many "Rondo" horses, foaled in 1880; Old Billy—again, one of many "Billy" horses—foaled circa 1880; Traveler, a stallion of unknown breeding, known to have been in Texas by 1889;[12] and Peter McCue, foaled 1895, registered as a Thoroughbred but of disputed pedigree.[7][12][13]
The main duty of the ranch horse in the American West was working cattle. Even after the invention of the automobile, horses were still irreplaceable for handling livestock on the range. Thus, major Texas cattle ranches, such as the King Ranch, the 6666 (Four Sixes) Ranch, and the Waggoner Ranch played a significant role in the development of the modern Quarter Horse. The skills needed by cowboys and their horses became the foundation of the rodeo, a contest which began with informal competition between cowboys and expanded to become a major competitive event throughout the west. To this day, the Quarter Horse dominates the sport both in speed events and in competition that emphasizes the handling of live cattle.[14]
However, sprint races were also popular weekend entertainment and racing became a source of economic gain for breeders as well. As a result, more Thoroughbred blood was added back into the developing American Quarter Horse breed. The American Quarter Horse also benefitted from the addition of Arabian, Morgan and even Standardbred bloodlines.[15]
In 1940, the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) was formed by a group of horsemen and ranchers from the southwestern United States dedicated to preserving the pedigrees of their ranch horses.[16] The horse honored with the first registration number, P-1, was Wimpy,[17] a descendant of the King Ranch foundation sire Old Sorrel. Other sires alive at the founding of the AQHA were given the earliest registration numbers Joe Reed P-3, Chief P-5, Oklahoma Star P-6, Cowboy P-12, and Waggoner's Rainy Day P-13.[18] The Thoroughbred race horse Three Bars, alive in the early years of the AQHA, is recognized by the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame as one of the significant foundation sires for the Quarter Horse breed.[19] Other significant Thoroughbred sires seen in early AQHA pedigrees include Rocket Bar, Top Deck and Depth Charge.[20]
"Appendix" and "Foundation" horses[edit]
Since the American Quarter Horse formally established itself as a breed, the AQHA stud book has remained open to additional Thoroughbred blood via a performance standard. An "Appendix" American Quarter Horse is a first generation cross between a registered Thoroughbred and an American Quarter Horse or a cross between a "numbered" American Quarter Horse and an "appendix" American Quarter Horse. The resulting offspring is registered in the "appendix" of the American Quarter Horse Association's studbook, hence the nickname. Horses listed in the appendix may be entered in competition, but offspring are not initially eligible for full AQHA registration. If the Appendix horse meets certain conformational criteria and is shown or raced successfully in sanctioned AQHA events, the horse can earn its way from the appendix into the permanent studbook, making its offspring eligible for AQHA registration[21]
Since Quarter Horse/Thoroughbred crosses continue to enter the official registry of the American Quarter Horse breed, this creates a continual gene flow from the Thoroughbred breed into the American Quarter Horse breed, which has altered many of the characteristics that typified the breed in the early years of its formation. Some breeders, who argue that the continued infusion of Thoroughbred bloodlines is beginning to compromise the integrity of the breed standard, favor the earlier style of horse and have created several separate organizations to promote and register "Foundation" Quarter Horses.[22][23][24]
American Quarter Horses today[edit]
The Quarter Horse is well-suited for the western disciplines.
The American Quarter Horse is best known today as a show horse, race horse, reining and cutting horse, rodeo competitor, ranch horse, and all-around family horse. Quarter Horses compete well in rodeo events such as barrel racing, calf roping and team roping;[25][26] and gymkhana or O-Mok-See.[27] Other stock horse events such as cutting and reining are open to all breeds but also dominated by American Quarter Horse. Large purses allow top competitors to earnover a million dollars in these events.[citation needed]
The breed is not only well-suited for western riding and cattle work. Many race tracks offer Quarter Horses a wide assortment of pari-mutuel horse racing with purses in the millions.[26] Quarter Horses have also been trained to compete in dressage and can be good jumpers. They are also used for recreational trail riding and in mounted police units.[17]
The American Quarter Horse has also been exported worldwide. European nations such as Germany and Italy have imported large numbers of Quarter Horses. Next to the American Quarter Horse Association (which also encompasses Quarter Horses from Canada), the second largest registry of Quarter Horses is in Brazil, followed by Australia.[28] With the internationalization of the discipline of reining and its acceptance as one of the official seven events of the World Equestrian Games, there is a growing international interest in Quarter Horses. Countries like Japan, Switzerland and Israel that did not have traditional stock horse industries have begun to compete with American Quarter Horses in their own nations and internationally.[citation needed] The American Quarter Horse is the most popular breed in the United States today, and the American Quarter Horse Association is the largest breed registry in the world, with over 5 million American Quarter Horses registered worldwide.[29]
Breed characteristics[edit]
A halter-type Quarter Horse
The modern Quarter Horse has a small, short, refined head with a straight profile, and a strong, well-muscled body, featuring a broad chest and powerful, rounded hindquarters. They usually stand between 14 and 16 hands (56 and 64 inches, 142 and 163 cm) high, although some Halter-type and English hunter-type horses may grow as tall as 17 hands (68 inches, 173 cm).
There are two main body types: the stock type and the hunter or racing type. The stock horse type is shorter, more compact, stocky and well muscled, yet agile. The racing and hunter type Quarter Horses are somewhat taller and smoother muscled than the stock type, more closely resembling the Thoroughbred.[citation needed]
Quarter Horses come in nearly all colors. The most common color is sorrel, a brownish red, part of the color group called chestnut by most other breed registries. Other recognized colors include bay, black, brown, buckskin, palomino, gray, dun, red dun, grullo (also occasionally referred to as blue dun), red roan, blue roan, bay roan, perlino, cremello, and white.[30] In the past, spotted color patterns were excluded, but now with the advent of DNA testing to verify parentage, the registry accepts all colors as long as both parents are registered.[31]
Stock type[edit]
See also: Stock horse
A stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock, particularly cattle. Reining and cutting horses are smaller in stature, with quick, agile movements and very powerful hindquarters. Western pleasure show horses are often slightly taller, with slower movements, smoother gaits, and a somewhat more level topline – though still featuring the powerful hindquarters characteristic of the Quarter Horse.[citation needed]
Halter type[edit]
Horses shown in-hand in Halter competition are larger yet, with a very heavily muscled appearance, while retaining small heads with wide jowls and refined muzzles. There is controversy amongst owners, breeder and veterinarians regarding the health effects of the extreme muscle mass that is currently fashionable in the specialized halter horse, which typically is 15.2 to 16 hands (62 to 64 inches, 157 to 163 cm) and weighs in at over 1,200 pounds (540 kg) when fitted for halter competition. Not only are there concerns about the weight to frame ratio on the horse's skeletal system, but the massive build is also linked to HYPP.[citation needed] (See Genetic diseases below))
Racing and hunter type[edit]
A Quarter Horse warming up for hunt seat competition.
Quarter Horse race horses are bred to sprint short distances ranging from 220 to 870 yards. Thus, they have long legs and are leaner than their stock type counterparts, but are still characterized by muscular hindquarters and powerful legs. Quarter horses race primarily against other Quarter horses, and their sprinting ability has earned them the nickname, "the world's fastest athlete." The show hunter type is slimmer, even more closely resembling a Thoroughbred, usually reflecting a higher percentage of appendix breeding. They are shown in hunter/jumper classes at both breed shows and in open USEF-rated horse show competition.[citation needed]
Genetic diseases[edit]
There are several genetic diseases of concern to Quarter Horse breeders:
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), which is caused by an autosomal dominant gene linked to the stallion Impressive. It is characterized by uncontrollable muscle twitching and substantial muscle weakness or paralysis among affected horses. Because it is a dominant gene, only one parent has to have the gene for it to be transmitted to offspring. There is a DNA test for HYPP, which is required by the AQHA. Since 2007, the AQHA bars registration of horses who possess the homozygous form (H/H) of the gene,[32] and though heterozygous (H/N) horses are still eligible for registration, altering that status is currently being discussed. Additionally all Quarter Horses born 2007 or later that are confirmed to be descendants of Impressive must carry a note about the risks of HYPP on their registration papers. Due to HYPP, the halter classes are undergoing significant changes. Halter classes are dominated by the Impressive bloodline. Impressive, a very prolific halter horse, brought to the stock breeds the muscle mass that is popular in halter competition today. This muscle mass is linked to HYPP, and as the condition is reduced within the breed, the style of horse in halter classes is also likely to change. Already there have been rule changes, including the creation of a "Performance Halter class" in which a horse must possess a Register of Merit in performance or racing before it can compete.[33]
Malignant hyperthermia. A causative mutated allele, ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) at nucleotide C7360G, generating a R2454G amino acid substitution.[34] has been identified in the American Quarter Horse and breeds with Quarter Horse ancestry, inherited as an autosomal dominant[35][36] It can be caused by overwork, anesthesia, or stress.[37]
Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA), also known as hyperelastosis cutis (HC). This is caused by an autosomal recessive gene, and thus, unlike HYPP, HERDA can only be transmitted if both parents carry the gene. When a horse has this disease, there is a collagen defect that results in the layers of skin not being held firmly together. Thus, when the horse is ridden under saddle or suffers trauma to the skin, the outer layer often splits or separates from the deeper layer, or it can tear off completely. It rarely heals without disfiguring scars. Sunburn can also be a concern. In dramatic cases, the skin can split along the back and even roll down the sides, with the horse literally being skinned alive. Most horses with HERDA are euthanized for humane reasons between the age of two and four years. The very hotly debated and controversial theory, put forth by researchers at Cornell University and Mississippi State University is that the sire line of the great foundation stallion Poco Bueno is implicated as the origin of the disease. As of May 9, 2007, Researchers working independently at Cornell University and at the University of California, Davis announced that a DNA test for HERDA has been developed. Over 1,500 horses were tested during the development phase of the test, which is now available to the general public through both institutions.[38]
Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) is a genetic disease where the horse is lacking an enzyme necessary for storing glycogen, the horse's heart muscle and skeletal muscles cannot function, leading to rapid death. The disease occurs in foals who are homozygous for the lethal GBED allele, meaning both parents carry one copy of the gene. The stallion King P-234 has been linked to this disease. There is a DNA blood test for this gene.[39]
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy, also called EPSM or PSSM, is a metabolic muscular condition in horses that causes tying up, and is also related to a glycogen storage disorder.[40] While also seen in some draft horse breeds, PSSM has been traced to three specific but undisclosed bloodlines in Quarter Horses, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.[41] 48% of Quarter Horses with symptoms of neuromuscular disease have PSSM. To some extent it can be diet controlled with specialized low-starch diets, but genetic testing is advised before breeding, as the condition exists at a subclinical level in approximately 6% of the general Quarter Horse population.[42]
Lethal White Syndrome. Although "cropout" Quarter Horses with Paint markings were not allowed to be registered for many years, the gene for such markings is a recessive and continued to periodically appear in Quarter Horse foals. Thus, it is believed that some Quarter Horses may carry the gene for Lethal White Syndrome. There is a DNA test for this condition.[43]
See also[edit]
Quarab
Quarter pony
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AQHA Annual Report - 2014 Horse Statistics". American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Denhardt Quarter Running Horse pp. 4–8
Jump up ^ Denhardt Quarter Running Horse pp. 20–32
Jump up ^ Mackay-Smith Colonial Quarter Race Horse p. 106
Jump up ^ Mackay-Smith Colonial Quarter Race Horse p. 138
^ Jump up to: a b Mackay-Smith Colonial Quarter Race Horse p. xxxi
^ Jump up to: a b Beckmann, Bruce. "Quarter Horses". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2006-05-30.
Jump up ^ "American Quarter Horse." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 1 Jul. 2015.
Jump up ^ Dutson, Judith (2012), Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America, Storey Publishing, p. 64, ISBN 9781603429184
Jump up ^ Iowa Quarter Horse Racing Association. "Iowa Quarter Horse Racing Association 1976–2008". IQHRA Website. Iowa Quarter Horse Racing Association. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
Jump up ^ Mackay-Smith Colonial Quarter Race Horse p. 193
^ Jump up to: a b Close, Legends 2: Outstanding Quarter Horse Stallions and Mares.
Jump up ^ Oklahoma State University. "Quarter Horse". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
Jump up ^ https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-78
Jump up ^ http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/quarter/
Jump up ^ Denhardt Quarter Horse pp. 143–167
^ Jump up to: a b Kentucky Horse Park. "American Quarter Horse". International Museum of the Horse- Horse Breeds of the World. Kentucky Horse Park. Archived from the original on 2010-08-22. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
Jump up ^ American Quarter Horse Association Combined Stud Book 1-2-3-4-5 p. 1
Jump up ^ "Three Bars (TB)" (PDF). American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
Jump up ^ Wiggins Great American Speedhorse p. 166
Jump up ^ American Quarter Horse Association. "AQHA Handbook of Rules and Regulations". SECTION II, Registration Rules and Regulations. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original on 2008-08-13.
Jump up ^ Foundation Quarter Horse Association. "Foundation Quarter Horse Association". FQHA Website. Foundation Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original on 1 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
Jump up ^ Foundation Horses. "Foundation Bred Quarter Horses". FoundationHorses.com. Foundation Horses. Archived from the original on 26 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
Jump up ^ National Foundation Quarter Horse Association. "National Foundation Quarter Horse Association". NFQHA Website. National Foundation Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original on 22 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy18dfDKYNEC&pg=PA1171&dq=Quarter+Horses+team+roping&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3j4vVxebUAhUM0YMKHaRNCXcQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=Quarter%20Horses%20team%20roping&f=false
^ Jump up to: a b https://books.google.com/books?id=myQBSVVEhagC&pg=PA28&dq=Quarter+Horses+barrel+racing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWzYqHxubUAhUhzIMKHY55APIQ6AEIIjAB
Jump up ^ National Saddle Clubs Association
Jump up ^ The Canadian Quarter Horse Association
Jump up ^ American Quarter Horse Association. "Horse Statistics" (PDF). 2006 AQHA Annual Report. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-14. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Registration rules" (PDF). American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
Jump up ^ American Quarter Horse Association. "AQHA Handbook of Rules & Regulations 2008 Rule 205 (d).". AQHA Website. American Quarter Horse Association. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Details on AQHA HYP rules for registration Archived 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "AQHA Handbook, Section 448 Halter Classes, (j) Performance Halter". Retrieved 30 September 2012. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Aleman M (2009). "Malignant Hyperthermia Associated with Ryanodine Receptor 1 (C7360G) Mutation in Quarter Horses". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 23: 329–334. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0274.x.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-09. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
Jump up ^ ftp://ftp.aave.inv.org.ar/IVIS/aaep/Equine%20Malignant%20Hyperthermia.pdf[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Valberg SJ, Mickelson JR, Gallant EM, MacLeay JM, Lentz L, de la Corte F (1999). "Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds: one syndrome, multiple aetiologies". Equine Vet J Suppl. 30: 533–8. PMID 10659313.
Jump up ^ Sellnow, "HERDA", The Horse Online News
Jump up ^ Valberg, Stephanie DVM, Diplomate ACVIM and James R Mickelson. "Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) in Horses". Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED). University of Minnsesota. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Valberg et al., "Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds", Equine Vet Journal Supplement, pp. 533–38
Jump up ^ Ulman, Katherine. "Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis". Summer 2000 Newsletter. Purdue University, Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
Jump up ^ Church, "ACVIM 2006", The Horse Online News
Jump up ^ University of California – Davis. "Horse Coat Color Tests". Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. University of California at Davis. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
Sources[edit]
American Quarter Horse Association (1961). Official Stud Book and Registry Combined Books 1-2-3-4-5. Amarillo, TX: American Quarter Horse Association.
Church, Stephanie L. (2006-09-14). "ACVIM 2006: Prevalence of PSSM in Quarter Horses". The Horse Online News (# 7628). Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
Close, Pat (1994). Legends 2: Outstanding Quarter Horse Stallions and Mares. Colorado Springs: Western Horseman. ISBN 0-911647-30-9.
Denhardt, Robert M. (1979). The Quarter Running Horse: America's Oldest Breed. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1500-9.
Mackay-Smith, Alexander (1983). The Colonial Quarter Race Horse. Richmond, VA: Whittet & Shepperson.
Sellnow, Les (2007-05-28). "HERDA: DNA Tests Available for Disfiguring Skin Disease". The Horse Online News. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
Valberg SJ, Mickelson JR, Gallant EM, MacLeay JM, Lentz L, de la Corte F (July 1999). "Exertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses and thoroughbreds: one syndrome, multiple aetiologies". Equine Vet Journal Supplement. 30: 533–8. PMID 10659313.
Wiggins, Walt (1978). The Great American Speedhorse: A Guide to Quarter Racing. New York: Sovereign Books. ISBN 0-671-18340-0.
Further reading[edit]
Denhardt, Robert Moorman (1997). Foundation Sires of the American Quarter Horse. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2947-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Quarter Horse.
American Quarter Horse Association
Information about Quarter Horses in Europe
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Derek Morgan (Criminal Minds)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Derek Morgan
Criminal Minds character
Shemar Moore as Derek Morgan
First appearance
"Extreme Aggressor"
1x01, September 22, 2005
Last appearance
"A Beautiful Disaster"
March 23, 2016 (as Main Cast)
"Lucky Strikes"
October 25, 2017 (as Special Guest)
Created by
Jeff Davis
Portrayed by
Shemar Moore
Information
Occupation
FBI Special Agent
Title
FBI BAU Acting Unit Chief
Supervisory Special Agent
Family
Hank Morgan (father, deceased)
Fran Morgan (mother)
Desirée
Morgan (sister)
Sarah Morgan (sister)
Significant other(s)
Savannah Hayes (wife) E720
Children
Hank Spencer Morgan (son)
Relatives
Yvonne Burns (aunt)
Paul Burns (uncle, deceased)
Cindi Burns (first cousin)E720
Anthony Ford (first cousin once removed)
Seasons
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Derek Morgan is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds, portrayed by Emmy Award winner Shemar Moore. Morgan specializes in fixations and obsessive behaviors.[1] He is a Supervisory Special Agent of the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, (although has served as interim unit chief for Aaron Hotchner), and has appeared from the series' pilot episode "Extreme Aggressor", which was originally broadcast on September 22, 2005. Before he left in season 11, he was one of only three main characters to appear since the first season as "starring", while also becoming the only character to appear in all episodes.
Morgan is shown over the series being flirtatious towards the team's technical analyst Penelope Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness). However, the relationship is platonic. He is shown to be confident and assertive, along with being very protective towards Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler), whom he helps to pick up girls. He is the muscle of the team, and usually storms in when a suspect requires apprehending physically.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Characterization
3 Behavioral Analysis Unit
4 Reception
5 References
5.1 Episode sources
6 External links
Background[edit]
Morgan and his sisters Sarah and Desirée grew up on the South Side, in an unnamed notorious neighborhood of Chicago. He is the son of an African American father and white mother he has left he rarely speaks of his immediate family, he is close to his mother and sisters and returns every year for Fran's birthday.[2] In season 2 it was stated that he was around age 33, putting his birth year around 1976. He attended Northwestern University on a football scholarship, graduating cum laude. Although it was stated that he had earned a law degree, there has never been any mention of him practicing law. He was a star quarterback until a left knee injury ended his career.
At the age of ten, Morgan was a witness to the shooting death of his father, also a police officer.[2] Left without a father figure, he had behavioral problems as an adolescent and earned himself a juvenile record for fighting. He was taken under the wing of a local youth center coordinator, Carl Buford. Buford acted as a surrogate father to Morgan, helping expunge Morgan's juvenile criminal record and him to obtain the aforementioned football scholarship. Although Morgan was able to avoid going into a life of crime like many of his peers, Buford was also sexually abusing him, a fact which Morgan only admitted years later and under extreme duress.[2] As a teen he discovered the body of an unidentified boy, which had a profound effect on him (he went door to door in order to collect money to buy the boy a headstone and visited the boy's grave every time he came home to Chicago). Due to his difficult past, he displays little sympathy for unremorseful criminals who attempt to use their traumatic childhood as an excuse for the crimes they commit.[3] Prior to joining the FBI, Morgan served in a bomb squad and was a Chicago PD officer. At one time he spent 18 months doing deep undercover work.
Years later, Morgan's past would come back to haunt him when he was arrested by the Chicago Police Department for the murder of the unidentified boy and two others. The lead detective, who had arrested Morgan several times for juvenile misdemeanors when the latter was young, believed Morgan was guilty and used a BAU profile done by Jason Gideon (Mandy Patinkin) to support his case. Believing he was being framed by the real killer, the BAU searched through Morgan's life and background to prove him innocent, which discomfited Garcia as Morgan had been generally reticent about the details of his past. They later identified Carl Buford as the man who set Morgan up to take the fall (Buford was friends with the lead detective). When Hotch asked about Buford, Morgan told him to back off. He then escaped police custody and spoke to a local boy who was friends with the latest victim. The boy revealed he was currently being molested by Buford and that the latest victim knew about it. Morgan confronted Buford, who at first denied anything happened between them, and told Morgan the other boy was lying. Refusing to back down (and wishing that he had told someone about Buford when he was a kid), Morgan eventually got Buford to admit to the abuse. Buford's admission was overheard by Chicago PD detectives who were lying in wait nearby, and they arrested Buford. Buford pleaded with Morgan to help him, to which Morgan replies, "You go to Hell," leaving the child molester to his fate.[2]
Characterization[edit]
Characterized as a "jock", Morgan is the most athletic of the BAU team members, often being tasked with the more physical aspects of the job, such as taking down intimidating suspects or chasing a runaway on foot.[4] He holds a black belt in judo and has occasionally been asked to train other FBI agents for fitness tests[5] and in SWAT tactics.[6] Due to his past as a juvenile delinquent and experience with gangsters in Chicago, he is rarely intimidated by suspects, even those belonging to criminal syndicates.
Morgan often appears to be happy-go-lucky and is frequently seen teasing or playing pranks on Garcia and Spencer Reid.[5][7] As his background is revealed, it becomes apparent that Morgan was putting on a facade to bury the painful memories of his past. He looks up to his "bosses" Jason Gideon and later Aaron Hotchner as well as senior agent David Rossi as mentors. They, particularly Hotch, are usually the ones to calm Morgan down when a case gets to him. Hotch once said of him, "there are very few people he truly trusts",[8] but Morgan is extremely loyal to those "few" (the BAU team). In season 5, he temporarily took over Hotch's position as Unit Chief while serial killer and nemesis George Foyet was on the loose, on the condition that Hotch be reinstated once Foyet was captured.
Morgan is good with children and shown to be fond of Hotch's son Jack, and JJ and Will's son Henry. This is apparent when the team is assigned to cases involving minors and Morgan is sometimes the one tasked with interviewing children or adolescents, especially boys, for information.
Behavioral Analysis Unit[edit]
Shemar Moore filming in 2010
Morgan was at one point being considered to replace SSA Kate Joyner as Unit Chief of the New York FBI field office.[9] His boss, BAU Unit Chief Aaron Hotchner, didn't recommend him for the position due to concerns that Morgan didn't have enough trust in his coworkers. However, after Joyner was killed by an IED in the fourth-season premiere, Hotchner told Morgan that the job was his if he wanted it. Nevertheless, Morgan chose not to take the position, and remained with the BAU.
Morgan bears an especially intense grudge against George Foyet (played by C. Thomas Howell). After Morgan was knocked out by Foyet in early 2009, Foyet stole Morgan's FBI credentials. He then used the credentials while dropping off a severely injured Aaron Hotchner in the Emergency Room after attacking and nearly killing Hotchner.[10]
Because of his experiences as a teenager, Morgan seems to bear a lingering hostility towards organized religion, but he still prays, even going so far as to visit a churchE308. He is very charming, and has been seen flirting with many women, even dancing with several at a time in a bar.[11] Morgan once asked out Jordan Todd, only later realizing that she would be his coworker. However, as with most BAU agents, a long-term stable romantic relationship has eluded him, until Season 11, where he announces his marriage with his long-time girlfriend, Savannah Hayes. They eventually had a son named Hank Spencer Morgan, naming him after Derek's father and Dr. Spencer Reid, a fellow BAU member and friend.
Morgan is intensely devoted to his coworkers, especially Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia. They have a bantering, sweet, flirtatious relationship. Morgan often calls her "baby girl," "doll face" or "sweetness" (having first used the term when he didn't know her name, he continued doing so when she seemed to like it[12]). In the aftermath of the New York bombing that killed SSA Joyner, Morgan told Garcia that she was his "God-given solace" after jumping out of an ambulance which was about to blow upE401. Morgan's close relationship with Garcia was made especially clear after she was shot by a perpetrator of hero homicide; taking her home from the hospital, Morgan said to Garcia: "I love you, you know that right?", and then insisted on staying with her to protect her, eventually saving her life, until the perpetrator was killed.
Morgan has an extremely close friendship with SSA Dr. Spencer Reid, akin to that of a protective older brother figure. Morgan frequently makes friendly banter with Reid, and attempts to help him with his love life. In the episode "Revelations" he is particularly distressed and prone to violent outbursts after Reid had been taken and after seeing the torture he went through live. Even going as far as stating that he would put the unsub's "head on a stick". Morgan often calls him "Doc", "Kid", "Genius", or "Pretty Boy" and they frequently tease and exchange banter with one another, even going as far as having a joke war in the episode "Painless". Morgan has been seen giving Reid advice on how to pick up girls at a bar after he unsuccessfully tried to hand out fliers and he is one of two people who knew that Reid was experiencing extremely painful headaches that may or may not have been related to the possibility of schizophrenia, the other being Emily Prentiss.
He also has an extremely close friendship with Agent Emily Prentiss. As she joined the team in season 2, they immediately bonded due to their mutual love of Kurt Vonnegut books. Morgan is protective of Prentiss, but their relationship is never shown beyond outside of the bureau. In the episode 6x17 "Valhalla", Morgan tells Prentiss that she can "trust him", and that he is there for her no matter what. In Prentiss's final episode as a series regular, 6x18 "Lauren," she disappears after walking out of the BAU to go and confront her nemesis, Ian Doyle. At the end of the episode after being stabbed in the abdomen by Doyle, Morgan rushes to her side to try to save her. She tells him to let her go, and he responds by saying "No, no, I am not letting you go." Then he says, "Listen to me, I know why you did all of this, and I know what you did for Declan. I am so proud of you. Do you understand that? I am proud of you because you are my friend, and you are my partner," to which then, Emily starts to fade in and out of consciousness while Morgan is holding her hand. At the hospital, J.J. tells the team that Prentiss, "never made it off the table," and everyone dropped their heads in sadness. Everyone, except Hotch and J.J. think Prentiss is dead as they attend her funeral, unaware that she is alive and went into hiding from Doyle once again and that she is living in France, specifically Paris. In season seven, Morgan's summer investigation leads him to be the first to discover that Prentiss is alive. When she returns to the BAU they share an emotional moment and a hug. Later, Morgan tells her he was never upset nor does he feel betrayed. In "Dorado Falls", Morgan signs them up for takedown re-certification without telling her and lets her believe Hotch was responsible. He doesn't want her to know it was him who signed her up because he doesn't want to admit that he needs to make sure she can still take care of herself. Later, he admits to Emily he did it because losing her was "7 months of Hell" and he worried that his fear of losing her would be so great he wouldn't be able to perform properly because he would be worrying about her. She tells him she understands this and agrees to 10 hours of training, but states that his demands of 'a neck rub everyday along with coffee' are pushing it.
Morgan also became close with Ellie Spicer, a little girl who was the daughter of a murder victim in the "Prince of Darkness" case. In the Season 6 premiere, Morgan was left injured and tied up after being attacked by the Prince of Darkness, Billy Flynn (played by Tim Curry), who also killed Matthew Spicer (a local LAPD detective) in the attack and kidnapped Spicer's daughter Ellie. After being treated by paramedics, Morgan rejoined his coworkers in hunting Flynn, who the team had identified as "a pure psychopath". Throughout the episode, Morgan snaps at several of his teammates, including Garcia, whom he is normally flirtatious with. After Flynn turns Ellie loose, the team arrives at a house where Flynn is holding two people hostage. Flynn calls Hotch's phone, and demands that Morgan enter. Hotch initially refuses, until Morgan steps to him and says, "This one is mine." Morgan enters the house with his weapon drawn, and finds Flynn in a bedroom, with two victims tied up. Flynn tells Morgan that while he may not be afraid, the hostages were. Morgan responds by saying "You point that gun at them, and I will kill you, and that is another promise." After a bit of attempted conversation, Flynn starts crying, and asks Morgan if he believes in heaven, causing the agent to raise his gun. Flynn stands up and aims his gun at the female victim, resulting in Morgan instantly opening fire, coldly shooting Flynn in the chest repeatedly until "The Prince of Darkness" dies, and falls back onto the bed. Morgan emerges from the house removing his Kevlar vest and is greeted by Ellie. He takes her into his arms and comforts her as her bravado cracks, and she begins to cry. Ellie is placed into a foster home following her father's death because her parents were separated and her aunt (Matt Spicer's sister, who had been caring for Ellie) was also killed by Flynn. When Ellie catches a boy in the home peeping at her as she bathes, she runs away, flies to D.C., seeks out Morgan and asks to live with him. Morgan declines, but he and the BAU team members are able to reunite Ellie with her mother.
In "Big Sea," Morgan gets personal on a case in Jacksonville, Florida when bodies are discovered buried in the ocean floor off the coast. His aunt Yvonne fears that her missing daughter, Cindi, was one of the victims. Rossi tells Seaver that Morgan's cousin escaped a stalker and was never heard from. After Morgan catches the Unsub, he shows him pictures of two of his victims during his interrogation. When Morgan showed Cindi's picture he claims that she cried for Morgan before her throat was sliced."The killer didn't know Cindi's name, but he knew those of the other victims" Morgan said to Rossi. Even though Cindi wasn't one of the victims, Morgan lies to his aunt, and tells her that she was dead, to give her closure however, she is still missing. In the season six finale, he fatally shoots the unsub leader of the human trafficking ring who'd been pretending to be a victim and was about to shoot Rossi.
Reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2012)
Morgan was included in TV Guide's list of "TV's Sexiest Crime Fighters".[13]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Muir, John Kenneth (2007). TV Year, Volume 1: The Prime Time 2005-2006 Season. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-55783-684-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Profiler, Profiled". Criminal Minds. Season 2. Episode 12. December 13, 2006. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Safe Haven". Criminal Minds. Season 6. Episode 5. October 20, 2010. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Catching Out". Criminal Minds. Season 4. Episode 5. October 29, 2008. CBS.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Thin Line". Criminal Minds. Season 9. Episode 18. March 12, 2014. CBS.
Jump up ^ "A Thin Line". Criminal Minds. Season 7. Episode 15. February 22, 2012. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Painless". Criminal Minds. Season 7. Episode 4. October 12, 2011. CBS.
Jump up ^ "No Way Out II: The Evolution of Frank". Criminal Minds. Season 2. Episode 23. May 16, 2007. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Lo-Fi". Criminal Minds. Season 3. Episode 20. May 21, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Nameless, Faceless". Criminal Minds. Season 5. Episode 1. May 14, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "The Big Game". Criminal Minds. Season 2. Episode 14. February 4, 2007. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Tabula Rasa". Criminal Minds. Season 3. Episode 19. May 14, 2008. CBS.
Jump up ^ "TV's Sexiest Crime Fighters". TV Guide. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
Episode sources[edit]
^E308 "Lucky". Criminal Minds. Season 3. Episode 08. 2007-11-14. CBS.
^E401 "Mayhem". Criminal Minds. Season 4. Episode 01. 2008-09-24. CBS.
^E309 "Penelope". Criminal Minds. Season 3. Episode 09. 2007-11-21. CBS.
^E604 "Remembrance of things Past". Criminal Minds. Season 6. Episode 04. 2010-10-06. CBS.
^E720 "The Company". Criminal Minds. Season 7. Episode 20. 2012-04-11. CBS.
External links[edit]
Derek Morgan on IMDb
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Goliath birdeater
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Bird-eating spider" redirects here. Bird-eating spider may also refer to Eastern tarantula.
Goliath birdeater
Theraphosa blondi, adult female
Conservation status
Not evaluated (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Suborder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Theraphosidae
Genus: Theraphosa
Species: T. blondi
Binomial name
Theraphosa blondi
(Latreille, 1804)
Synonyms
T. blondii
T. leblondii
The Goliath birdeater (Theraphosa blondi) belongs to the tarantula family Theraphosidae. Found in northern South America, it is the largest spider in the world by mass and size, but it is second to the giant huntsman spider by leg-span.[1] It is also called the Goliath bird-eating spider; the practice of calling theraphosids "bird-eating" derives from an early 18th-century copper engraving by Maria Sibylla Merian that shows one eating a hummingbird. It only rarely preys on birds.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Habitat
2 Life cycle
3 Description
3.1 Defenses
4 Diet
5 References
6 External links
Habitat[edit]
The goliath birdeater is native to the upland rain forest regions of northern South America: Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. Most noticeable is in the Amazon rainforest, the spider is terrestrial, living in deep burrows, and is found commonly in marshy or swampy areas. It is a nocturnal species.[3] The spider is part of the local cuisine in northeastern South America, prepared by singeing off the urticating hairs and roasting it in banana leaves. The flavor has been described as "shrimplike".[4]
Life cycle[edit]
Unlike other species of spider/tarantula, females do not eat the males during mating. Females mature in 3 to 6 years and have an average life span of 15 to 25 years. Males die soon after maturity and have a lifespan of 3 to 6 years. Colors range from dark to light brown with faint markings on the legs. Birdeaters have hair on their bodies, abdomens, and legs. The female lays anywhere from 100 to 200 eggs, which hatch into spiderlings within six to eight weeks.[5][6]
Description[edit]
The Goliath birdeater found in South America
These spiders can have a leg span of up to 28 cm (11 in), a body length of up to 11.9 cm (4.7 in) and can weigh up to 175 g (6.2 oz).[7] Birdeaters are one of the few tarantula species that lack tibial spurs, located on the first pair of legs of most adult males.
Defenses[edit]
In response to threats, Goliath birdeaters stridulate by rubbing setae on their pedipalps and legs.[8] Also when threatened, they rub their abdomen with their hind legs and release hairs that are a severe irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. These urticating hairs can be harmful to humans, and the species is considered by some to have the most harmful tarantula urticating hair of all.[citation needed]
Like all tarantulas, T. blondi have fangs large enough to break the skin of a human (1.9–3.8 cm or 0.75–1.50 in). They carry venom in their fangs and have been known to bite when threatened, but the venom is relatively harmless and its effects are comparable to those of a wasp's sting. Tarantulas generally bite humans only in self-defense, and these bites do not always result in envenomation (known as a "dry bite").
"The spider has three lines of defense. By rubbing its legs against its abdomen, it produces a cloud of tiny, barbed hairs that get in the eyes and mucous membranes and cause extreme pain and itching for days. It has two-inch-long fangs strong enough to pierce a mouse's skull. And it can make a hissing sound by rubbing its hairs together, which sounds like pulling Velcro apart." [9]
A captive adult female
Diet[edit]
Despite its name, it is rare for the Goliath birdeater to actually prey on birds; in the wild, its diet consists primarily of other large arthropods, worms, and amphibians.[10] However, because of its size and opportunistic predatory behavior, it is not uncommon for this species to kill and consume a variety of insects and small terrestrial vertebrates. In the wild, T. blondi has been observed feeding on rodents, frogs, toads, lizards, and even snakes.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ World's biggest spider face-off - see which bug wins here Archived October 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Herzig, Volker; King, Glenn F. (2013). "The Neurotoxic Mode of Action of Venoms from the Spider Family Theraphosidae". In Nentwig, Wolfgang. Spider Ecophysiology. p. 203. ISBN 3642339891.
Jump up ^ Striffler, Boris F. (November 2005). "Life history of Goliath Birdeaters – Theraphosa apophysis and Theraphosa blondi (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)" (PDF). Journal of the British Tarantula Society. 21 (1). Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2014/10/20/biggest-spiders-animals-science-tarantulas-south-america/
Jump up ^ http://www.spidersworlds.com/goliath-bird-eater-spider/
Jump up ^ http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/goliath_bird_eating_spider.htm
Jump up ^ Goliath Bird-Eating Spider, Arkive
Jump up ^ Perez-Miles, Fernando; Montes de Oca, Laura; Postiglioni, Rodrigo; Costa, Fernando G. (December 2005). "The stridulatory setae of Acanthoscurria suina (Araneae, Theraphosidae) and their possible role in sexual communication: an experimental approach". Iheringia, Serie Zoologia. 95 (4): 365–371. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212005000400004.
Jump up ^ "Goliath Birdeater: Images of a Colossal Spider". Live Science. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Tanya (October 17, 2014). "Goliath Encounter: Puppy-Sized Spider Surprises Scientist in Rainforest". LiveScience.
Jump up ^ Menin, Marcelo; Rodrigues, Domingos De Jesus; de Azevedo, Clarissa Salette (2005). "Predation on amphibians by spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Neotropical region". Phyllomedusa. 4 (1): 39–47. doi:10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v4i1p39-47.
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/tarantula_goliath https://thesmallermajority.com/2014/10/08/the-sound-of-little-hooves-in-the-night/
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theraphosa blondi.
Wikispecies has information related to Theraphosa blondi
Caring for your Goliath Bird Eating Tarantula at the Wayback Machine (archived October 31, 2013)
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q617000
ADW: Theraphosa_blondi
ARKive: theraphosa-blondi
EoL: 1182372
GBIF: 5170451
iNaturalist: 205163
ITIS: 868632
NCBI: 260533
NZOR: 1f61ebb7-7b60-4272-b3bd-24ec0d088e08
uBio: 2103588
WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:002488
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goliath_birdeater&oldid=842290624"
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The Way of All Flesh (album)
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The Way of All Flesh
Studio album by Gojira
Released
13 October 2008
Genre
Technical death metal, progressive metal, groove metal
Length
75:07
Label
Listenable, Prosthetic
Producer
Joe Duplantier
Gojira chronology
From Mars to Sirius
(2005)From Mars to Sirius2005 The Way of All Flesh
(2008) The Flesh Alive
(2012)The Flesh Alive2012
The Way of All Flesh is the fourth studio album by French progressive death metal band Gojira. The album was released on October 13, 2008 in Europe via Listenable Records and on October 14 in the US through Prosthetic Records. It sold around 4,200 copies in the United States in its first week of release to debut at number 138 on the Billboard 200 chart.[1] It also reached no. 1 on the Top Heatseekers chart and no. 21 on the Top Independent Albums chart.[2] The album was recorded at the band's home studio while Joe Duplantier produced it. The drums were recorded in Los Angeles and engineered by Logan Mader, who also mixed and mastered the album. The cover features artwork created by vocalist Joe Duplantier, who was responsible for the artwork on past albums.
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and composition
2 Release and promotion
3 Reception
3.1 Critical reception
3.2 Accolades
4 Track listing
5 Personnel
6 References
Writing and composition[edit]
Joseph Duplantier revealed to Total Guitar magazine that the album deals with their vision about life and death. "The Way Of All Flesh is everything we have to go through until death. I’m 30 years old now and it’s the first time as a human being that I’ve thought about my own death philosophically, and the time that I have to spend here on earth. It’s something that we’re all concerned about. But it’s almost taboo. You don’t go to a party and talk about death, right?”[3]
Duplantier also references the bands that Gojira have toured with as well as the environment and landscape of the band's hometown Bayonne as influences on the writing of this album.[3]
Randy Blythe from the American band Lamb of God appeared as a guest vocalist on the song "Adoration for None."
At the end of the song "The Art of Dying", there is a small part that is played backwards. If backmasked, the section would bear a resemblance to the song "Esoteric Surgery", which is then repeated at the end of that very next track. A similar technique is used at the end of "Wolf Down the Earth."
Release and promotion[edit]
On 6 October 2008, a music video was released for the song "Vacuity", produced by Julien Mokrani and Samuel Bodin.[4] The video was shot near the band's hometown in France, and starred the Duplantiers' cousin, actress Claire Theodoly.[5]
On 11 January 2009, Gojira released a second music video from the album, an animated video for "All the Tears", illustrated by Jossie Malis.[6]
In March 2013, Listenable Records made a double vinyl format of the album available for pre-order, with the official release date listed as 29 April 2013; 250 copies each of blue and white vinyl were manufactured.[7]
Reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic 67/100[8]
Review scores
Source
Rating
About.com [9]
Allmusic [10]
Alternative Press [11]
Blabbermouth.net [12]
MetalSucks [13]
Pitchfork Media 6.0/10[14]
PopMatters [15]
Spin [16]
Sputnik Music [17]
Terrorizer (Nov 2008)
Critical reception[edit]
The Way of All Flesh was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic (a review aggregator site which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 from music critics), based on 7 critics, the album has received a score of 67/100, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".
Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic wrote that "by the time it finally emerged in late 2008, Gojira's fourth full-length successfully met most all of the understandably heightened expectations head on". Writing for Blabbermouth, Keith Bergman described the album was "more opaque than anything — oppressive and suffocating in its world-enveloping tone, massive and clanking in rhythm, giving up its dynamic secrets only after hard, painful slogs through the frozen mire of its glowering groan. But once you've broken through, it's quite a new landscape these madmen have blasted out of the tundra for the rest of us."
Pitchfork's Cosmo Lee wrote a more lukewarm review of the album, praising the strong performances as well as the subject-matter and "humanity" of the album's ecological lyrical themes, but argued that "this humanity doesn't translate to the music. The performances are flawless, but overly so. Everything is polished to a gleaming sheen. [...] Without edges, heat, or blood, though, such punishment is joyless. To their credit, Gojira avoid metal's tonal clichés in favor of open-ended abstraction. But it's cold and distant, unbefitting of the passionate lyrics. Undoubtedly, this material is better live, where the band has a fearsome reputation. There, the images are of raised fists and flying hair. Here, the images are of plastic discs and 1's and 0's."
Accolades[edit]
Publication
Accolade
Year
Rank
Decibel Top 40 Albums 2008
15[18]
LA Weekly Top 10 Metal Albums 2008
—[19]
Metal Hammer Top 50 Albums 2008
5[20]
PopMatters The Best Metal Albums 2008
8[21]
Track listing[edit]
Track listing adapted from liner notes.[22] All lyrics written by Joe Duplantier, except where noted; all music composed by Joe Duplantier and Mario Duplantier, except where noted.
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Length
1. "Oroborus" Joe Duplantier, Mario Duplantier & Christian Andreu 5:21
2. "Toxic Garbage Island" 4:06
3. "A Sight to Behold" 5:09
4. "Yama's Messengers" 4:03
5. "The Silver Cord" (instrumental) 2:31
6. "All the Tears" 3:40
7. "Adoration for None" (feat. Randy Blythe) J. Duplantier & Randy Blythe 6:19
8. "The Art of Dying" 9:54
9. "Esoteric Surgery" 5:44
10. "Vacuity" 4:51
11. "Wolf Down the Earth" 6:25
12. "The Way of All Flesh" 17:03
Hidden track
The final song and title track of the album, "The Way of All Flesh," contains a hidden instrumental song. The main piece of the track ends at 6:51 and the hidden songs starts in at 12:33 giving the song a period of silence lasting 5:42. The song contains complex layers of ambient guitar sounds with various echo and reverb effects. This song ends promptly at 17:03 and closes the album.
The original vinyl version does not contain this track; it ends at 6:51. The 2013 vinyl release contains the hidden track.
Personnel[edit]
Gojira
Joe Duplantier − vocals, guitar, producer, cover artwork
Christian Andreu − guitar
Jean-Michel Labadie − bass guitar
Mario Duplantier − drums
Guest musicians
Randy Blythe − guest vocals on "Adoration for None"[23]
Production
Logan Mader − mixing, mastering, drum engineering
Gabriel Editions − executive producer
Emma Salzard − production manager
Undercity Recordings − drum engineering
Laurentx Etxemendi − guitar/bass/vocal engineering
Studio des Milans − guitar/bass/vocal engineering
Mike Rashmawi − drum tracking assistant
Gabrielle Duplantier − photography
Fred Collinet − artwork
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Blabbermouth: GOJIRA's 'The Way Of All Flesh' Lands On Billboard Chart". Blabbermouth.net. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
Jump up ^ "The Way of All Flesh - Gojira | Awards | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
^ Jump up to: a b Cracknell, Nick (June 12, 2008). "Gojira's Studio Deja Vu". MusicRadar. Total Guitar. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "GOJIRA: 'Vacuity' Video Available". Blabbermouth.net. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
Jump up ^ "GOJIRA: New Audio Interview With JOSEPH DUPLANTIER Available". Blabbermouth.net. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Gojira: 'All The Tears' Animated Video Available". Blabbermouth.net. 2009-01-11. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
Jump up ^ Gojira - The Way of All Flesh Double Vinyl Pre Order !!!!! listenable.net. Retrieved on 9 March 2013.[dead link]
Jump up ^ "The Way of All Flesh reviews at". Metacritic. October 14, 2008. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bowar, Chad. "The Way of All Flesh review". About.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "The Way of All Flesh review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
Jump up ^ "The Way of All Flesh review". Alternative Press. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bergman, Keith. "The Way of All Flesh review". Blabbermouth.net. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rosenberg, Axl (October 15, 2008). "A REVIEW AS RETARDED AS GOJIRA'S THE WAY OF ALL FLESH IS GOOD". MetalSucks. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee, Cosmo (November 26, 2008). "The Way of All Flesh review". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Begrand, Adrien (November 2, 2008). "The Way of All Flesh review". PopMatters. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gross, Joe (November 6, 2008). "The Way of All Flesh review". Spin. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Schroer, Brendan. "Gojira The Way of All Flesh". Retrieved June 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Decibel's Top 40 Albums Of 2008 | Sputnikmusic". www.sputnikmusic.com. November 27, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Phil (December 22, 2008). "Top 10 Metal Albums of 2008". LA Weekly. LA Weekly. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Metal Hammer's top 50 albums of 2008, numbers 6 through 4". Metal Hammer. 2008-12-22. Retrieved on 2009-09-03. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Begrand, Adrien (December 9, 2008). "The Best Metal Albums of 2008". PopMatters. PopMatters. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ The Way of All Flesh (CD liner). Gojira. Prosthetic Records. 2008. p. 9.
Jump up ^ Lamb of God Frontman To Guest On New Gojira Album blabbermouth.net. 2008-07-10. Retrieved on 2009-08-11
hide
v
t
e
Gojira
Joe Duplantier
Mario Duplantier
Christian Andreu
Jean-Michel Labadie
Alexandre Cornillon
Studio albums
Terra Incognita
The Link
From Mars to Sirius
The Way of All Flesh
L'Enfant Sauvage
Magma
EP albums
Maciste All'Inferno
Live albums
The Link Alive
The Flesh Alive
Les Enfants Sauvages
Singles and music videos
"Love"
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"Vacuity"
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"End of Time"
"L'Enfant Sauvage"
"Liquid Fire"
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"The Shooting Star"
"The Cell"
Related articles
Discography
Cavalera Conspiracy
Empalot
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