text:
Days in the Sun
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"Days in the Sun"
Song by
Adam Mitchell
Stanley Tucci
Ewan McGregor
Gugu Mbatha-Raw
Ian McKellen
Emma Thompson
Emma Watson
Audra McDonald
Clive Rowe
from the album Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Released
March 10, 2017
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2016
Length
2:40
Label
Walt Disney
Songwriter(s)
Alan Menken
Tim Rice
Producer(s)
Menken
Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack track listing
"Be Our Guest"
(9) "Days in the Sun"
(10) "Something There"
(10)
"Days in the Sun" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, "Days in the Sun" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as part of the film's soundtrack.
"Days in the Sun" is prominently featured in a flashback sequence about the death of the Beast's mother. In the lyrics, the Beast's servants and Belle reminisce about earlier parts of their lives. Serving as a replacement of the song "Human Again" from the stage adaptation of the original Disney film, it was regarded as a more sombre expression of the subject matter by music critics. An alternative version of "Days in the Sun", in which the Beast's mother sings a verse, was made available on the Blu-ray release; it was changed after a test audience confused Harriet Jones with Hattie Morahan, who played the mother and Agathe, respectively. Critical response to "Days in the Sun" was mixed; some critics praised its content while others questioned whether it was a necessary addition.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and release
2 Context and composition
2.1 Alternative version and sequence
3 Critical reception
4 References
5 External links
Background and release[edit]
"Days in the Sun" was co-written by composer Alan Menken (pictured in 2013) opposite lyricist Tim Rice; they had developed the concept for the song when discussing the possibility of a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast.
In 2007, composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice developed the concept for "Days in the Sun" during early discussions about a possible live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film Beauty and the Beast. They wrote it during a meeting in London where Menken attended the West End opening for his musical Sister Act. Menken described the song as a lullaby that explores Belle, Beast, and his servants' memories of earlier parts of their lives; Rice approved of the idea as a way of expanding the characters' backgrounds and emphasizing their emotional connection with the audience.[1] When describing his creative process, Menken said he prefers to conduct collaborations in-person; he said: "I prefer to write face to face in the room, I want the feedback, where’s the title, the exposition, the architecture of the song."[2] Menken produced the song while collaborating with Rice on the songwriting.[3]
"Days in the Sun" is one of four songs introduced in the 2017 live-action adaptation Beauty and the Beast; the others are "Evermore", "Aria", and "How Does a Moment Last Forever".[1][4][5] Menken said he only wanted to create more material for the remake if "it fe[lt] organic to the medium".[1] David Hoberman, who produced the 2017 film, thought "Days in the Sun" would earn Menken his ninth Academy Award for Best Original Song.[6][7]
A preview of "Days in the Sun" was released on February 17, 2017, along with a portion of Emma Thompson's performance of the 1991 song "Beauty and the Beast".[8] "Days in the Sun" was considered for release as a single but director Bill Condon did not feel it "len[t] itself to the process". A version of "Evermore" performed by Josh Groban was ultimately chosen as a single.[2] Before the film's debut and the soundtrack's release, a series of nail polishes was released; a yellow nail polish was named after the song.[9] "Days in the Sun" was released on March 10, 2017, as a track on the Beauty and the Beast soundtrack;[10] it was made available as an audio CD and a digital download.[10][11] It is performed by Adam Mitchell as the young Beast, Emma Watson as Belle, and Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe as the Beast's enchanted servants.[10]
Context and composition[edit]
"Days in the Sun" is played three times during the film. It is first heard performed by Audra McDonald as part of a debutante ball. Director Bill Condon identified it as a lullaby the Beast's mother sang for him and said the court had chosen its most celebrated diva to appeal to the Beast.[12]
The song, which Menken called "a combination of a lullaby and a remembrance of happier days for everybody", is performed again by Belle and the servants as they go to bed.[6] Its opening lyrics explores the Beast's childhood.[13] In the scene, the young Prince—before he becomes the Beast—sings "Days in the Sun" for his dying mother. The lyrics include the lines: "Days in the sun / When my life has barely begun / Not until my whole life is done / Will I ever leave you".[14] The song progresses to his servants discussing what they miss about their lives as humans,[13] and their guilt for not preventing the Beast from being spoiled and eventually cursed.[15] Watson's solo contains a reference to the song "A Change in Me", which was written for the stage adaptation of the original Disney film, and its related themes.[16]
"Days in the Sun" replaces the musical theatre version's song "Human Again",[4][14] and various critics noted that the new addition was more melancholy in comparison.[5][14][17] Moviepilot's Genevieve Van Voorhis referred to the track as a "more mature and melancholy take" on the subject matter,[5] and Santa Cruz Sentinel's Bob Strauss called it "a melancholy remembrance of freer and/or more human past".[17] "Days in the Sun" is performed in common-time at a slow tempo of 110 beats per minute,[3][18] and composed in the key of B-flat major.[3] Seven people perform the song, while its instrumental is provided by a guitar and a piano. One singer's vocal range spans from the low note of F3 to the high note of G5.[19]
Alternative version and sequence[edit]
External video
Beauty and the Beast Deleted Scene – "Days in the Sun" (2017)
The original sequence for "Days in the Sun".
The Blu-ray release of the film includes another version of the song, in which the Beast's mother sings to him.[20] In this version, a sequence showing the Beast's mother singing to her sick child would have been intercut with one of the young Beast singing to his dying mother.[21] The scene and song were changed for the final version because a test audience confused the mother with Agathe.[20] In the original take, the mother was portrayed by Harriet Jones and Agathe by Hattie Morahan. Condon said the changes were a result of his "mistake". He said: "The actresses actually look very much alike, so, sadly when we did it again, even though it is once again Harriet, we had to put her in bed and with dark hair." Jones was retained in the film but Condon had the character portrayed as a brunette to avoid confusion. The actor portraying the young Beast was changed because Condon required the part to be sung.[21]
Critical reception[edit]
Critics responded positively to "Days in the Sun" for its contributions to the character development for Belle and the Beast.[22][23][24][25] Estelle Tang of Elle praised the song as a "tearjerker",[22] and Refinery29's Arianna Davis called it "cute and bubbly".[23] Keisha Hatchett of The Mary Sue commended "Days in the Sun" for revealing the similarities of Belle's and the Beast's family backgrounds. Hatchett wrote that their shared understanding of "know[ing] what it’s like to lose a mother at a young age and feel[ing] like a freak among their peers" made the characters' romance more understandable for the audience.[24] James Croot of Stuff.co.nz praised the track for "enhanc[ing] the story and allow[ing] the Beast a bit more voice in proceedings".[25]
Several critics responded negatively to "Days in the Sun".[14][15][26] Crystal Bell cited it as her least favorite of the new additions to the 2017 adaptation. Bell described it as Watson's best vocal performance in the film, but wrote that the idea of the actress harmonizing with McDonald as laughable. She also praised Mbatha-Raw's vocals and felt the singer deserved her own solo.[14] Sarah Caldwell of Vulture.com said that "Days in the Sun" and "Aria" were created primarily as excuses to provide more material for McDonald.[15] IGN's Eric Goldman criticized "Days in the Sun" and "Evermore" as "uninspired and hard to recall after the fact".[26]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Lee, Ashley (March 14, 2017). "'Beauty and the Beast' Composer Alan Menken on Rediscovering Lost Lyrics and Why He's "Shutting Up" About That Gay Character". The Hollywood Reporter. Eldridge Industries. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Newman, Melinda (March 17, 2017). "Composer Alan Menken Talks Creating New Music for 'Beauty And The Beast' and Coaching Stars Emma Watson and Dan Stevens". Billboard. Eldridge Industries. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Days In The Sun". Sheet Music Direct. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Phillips, Michael (March 14, 2017). "'Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation". Chicago Tribune. Tronc. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Van Voorhis, Genevieve (March 20, 2017). "Reprising A Tale As Old As Time: A Closer Look At The Music In The Live-Action 'Beauty And The Beast'". Moviepilot. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Collis, Clark (November 7, 2016). "An exclusive guide to the new songs in Disney's Beauty and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Loughrey, Clarisse (November 8, 2016). "Beauty and the Beast live-action remake will feature three new songs". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "First Listen: New Beauty and the Beast Song 'Days in the Sun' + Emma Thompson Performs Title Song". Broadwayworld.com. February 17, 2017. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Prakash, Neha (January 10, 2017). "A 'Beauty and the Beast' Nail Polish Line Is Here (and It's Really Good)". Glamour. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Beauty and the Beast (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". iTunes. March 10, 2017. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Releases". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Anne (March 14, 2017). "'Beauty and the Beast': How Bill Condon Built Hollywood's Most Expensive Musical". IndieWire. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Truffaut-Wong, Olivia (March 13, 2017). "The New 'Beauty And The Beast' Songs Fit Right In, Thanks To Disney Rock Star Alan Menken". Bustle. Bustle Digital Group. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bell, Crystal (March 14, 2017). "Ranking All 14 Songs from Disney's Live-Action Beauty and the Beast". MTV. Archived from the original on July 15, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Caldwell, Sarah (April 3, 2017). "Help, I Can't Stop Listening to the Cheesy New Beauty and the Beast Songs". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dietz, Grace (March 21, 2017). "Beauty and the Beast (2017) Review". Her Campus. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Bob (March 16, 2017). "How Disney added new songs to "Beauty and the Beast'". Santa Cruz Sentinel. MediaNews Group. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Collis, Clark (2017). "Once Upon A Time… Aagin". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Days in the Sun". Musicnotes.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Luke Y. (June 6, 2017). "Blu-ray Review: 'Beauty And The Beast' Depends On Familiarity, And Its Extras Explain". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Acuna, Kirsten (May 23, 2017). "This scene from 'Beauty and the Beast' was changed because of a mistake the director made". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tang, Estelle (March 3, 2017). "21 of the Biggest Differences in the New Live-Action Beauty and the Beast". Elle. Hachette Filipacchi Médias. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Davis, Arianna (March 3, 2017). "Good News: The New Beauty & The Beast Is Just As Magical As The Original". Refinery29. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hatchett, Keisha (March 16, 2017). "Review: Beauty and the Beast Is a Delightful Nostalgia Trip With Enhanced Feminism But Not Much Else". The Mary Sue. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Croot, James (March 22, 2017). "Beauty and the Beast Review: Why there'll be tears before bedtime". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldman, Eric (March 7, 2017). "Beauty and the Beast Review". IGN. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017.
External links[edit]
Days In The Sun (From "Beauty and the Beast"/Audio Only) on YouTube (on Disney's official Vevo channel)
[hide]
v
t
e
Disney's Beauty and the Beast
Films
Animation
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
Belle's Magical World (1998)
Belle's Tales of Friendship (1999)
Live-action
Beauty and the Beast (2017)
Adaptations
Musical (1994)
The Fire Rose (novel) 1995
Live on Stage (1991)
Sing Me a Story with Belle (1995–1999)
Be Our Guest Restaurant (2012)
Video games
Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest (1993)
Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast (1993)
Beauty and the Beast (1994; NES)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1994; Super NES)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast Print Kit (1994)
Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure (1999)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast Magical Ballroom (2000)
Music
1991 film soundtrack
"Belle"
"Gaston"
"Be Our Guest"
"Something There"
"Beauty and the Beast"
"The Mob Song"
1994 musical soundtrack
"If I Can't Love Her"
"Human Again"
"A Change in Me"
2017 film soundtrack
"How Does a Moment Last Forever"
"Days in the Sun"
"Evermore"
Related
The Music Behind the Magic
Characters
Belle
Beast
Gaston
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List of roller coaster rankings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Formula Rossa, the fastest roller coaster in the world
Roller coasters are amusement rides developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. During the 16th and 17th centuries, rides consisting of wooden sleds that took riders down large slides made from ice were popular in Russia. The first roller coasters, where the train was attached to a wooden track, first appeared in France in the early 1800s.[1] Although wooden roller coasters are still being produced, steel roller coasters are more common and can be found on every continent except Antarctica.[2]
Ranked by height, speed, length, inversions, and steepness, roller coasters are also rated through public opinion polls. Amusement parks often compete to build the tallest, fastest, and longest rides to attract thrill seekers and boost overall park attendance.[3] However, many records do not usually last long. When Magnum XL-200 opened in 1989, it began a new era of roller coasters and increased competition among parks to set new world records. The Magnum XL–200 was the first complete-circuit roller coaster built over 200 feet (61 m).[4][5] Other notable roller coasters include Formula Rossa which reaches a top speed of 149 miles per hour (240 km/h),[6] Kingda Ka which stands at 456 feet (139 m) tall,[7] and Steel Dragon 2000 which measures 8,133 feet (2,479 m) in length.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 Height rankings
2.1 Tallest steel roller coasters
2.2 Longest steel roller coaster drops
2.3 Tallest wooden roller coasters
2.4 Longest wooden roller coaster drops
3 Speed rankings
3.1 Fastest steel roller coasters
3.2 Fastest wooden roller coasters
4 Length rankings
4.1 Longest steel roller coasters
4.2 Longest wooden roller coasters
5 Inversion rankings
5.1 Steel roller coasters
5.2 Wooden roller coasters
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Key[edit]
Key
Key
Meaning
1
Record holder
**
Under construction
*
Still exists but not operating
Height rankings[edit]
Tallest steel roller coasters[edit]
Kingda Ka, the tallest roller coaster in the world
Tallest steel roller coasters
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Height
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Kingda Ka Six Flags Great Adventure United States 456 ft (139 m) Intamin May 2005 – Present
2 Top Thrill Dragster Cedar Point United States 420 ft (130 m) Intamin May 2003 – May 2005
3 Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1] Six Flags Magic Mountain United States 415 ft (126 m) Intamin March 1997 – May 2003
4 Tower of Terror II[note 1] Dreamworld Australia 377 ft (115 m) Intamin January 1997 – March 1997
5 Red Force Ferrari Land Spain 367.4 ft (112.0 m) Intamin N/A
6 Fury 325 Carowinds United States 325 ft (99 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
7 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land Japan 318.3 ft (97.0 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/A
8 Millennium Force Cedar Point United States 310 ft (94 m) Intamin N/A
9 Leviathan Canada's Wonderland Canada 306 ft (93 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
10 Intimidator 305 Kings Dominion United States 305 ft (93 m) Intamin N/A
Source:[9]
Longest steel roller coaster drops[edit]
Longest steel roller coaster drops
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Drop length
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Kingda Ka Six Flags Great Adventure United States 418 ft (127 m) Intamin May 2005 – present
2 Top Thrill Dragster Cedar Point United States 400 ft (120 m) Intamin May 2003 – May 2005
3 Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1] Six Flags Magic Mountain United States 328.1 ft (100.0 m) Intamin March 1997 – May 2003
Tower of Terror II[note 1] Dreamworld Australia 328.1 ft (100.0 m) Intamin January 1997 – May 2003
5 Fury 325 Carowinds United States 320 ft (98 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
6 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land Japan 306.8 ft (93.5 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/A
7 Leviathan Canada's Wonderland Canada 306 ft (93 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
8 Intimidator 305 Kings Dominion United States 300 ft (91 m) Intamin N/A
Millennium Force Cedar Point United States 300 ft (91 m) Intamin N/A
** Hyperion Energylandia Poland 265.8 ft (81.0 m) Intamin N/A
10 Coaster Through the Clouds Nanchang Wanda Park China 255.9 ft (78.0 m) Intamin N/A
Shambhala: Expedición al Himalaya PortAventura Spain 255.9 ft (78.0 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
Sources:[10]
Tallest wooden roller coasters[edit]
Colossos, the tallest wooden roller coaster in the world
Mean Streak opened as the tallest wooden roller coaster in the world in 1991.
Tallest wooden roller coasters[note 2][note 3]
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Height
Manufacturer
Record held
* Colossos Heide Park Germany 196.8 ft (60.0 m) Intamin June 2009 – July 2016
1 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park Sweden 183.8 ft (56.0 m) Rocky Mountain Construction July 2016 – present
T Express Everland South Korea 183.8 ft (56.0 m) Intamin July 2016 – present
3 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure United States 181 ft (55 m) Intamin N/A
4 Goliath Six Flags Great America United States 165 ft (50 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
* Mean Streak Cedar Point United States 161 ft (49 m) Dinn Corporation May 1991 – March 1992
5 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari United States 159 ft (48 m) The Gravity Group N/A
6 White Cyclone Nagashima Spa Land Japan 139 ft (42 m) Intamin N/A
7 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park United States 136 ft (41 m) The Gravity Group N/A
8 Wodan Timbur Coaster Europa-Park Germany 131.3 ft (40.0 m) Great Coasters International N/A
9 Le Monstre La Ronde Canada 130.9 ft (39.9 m) William Cobb & Associates N/A
10 American Eagle Six Flags Great America United States 127 ft (39 m) Intamin N/A
Source:[13]
Longest wooden roller coaster drops[edit]
Longest wooden roller coaster drops[note 3]
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Drop length
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Goliath Six Flags Great America United States 180 ft (55 m) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2014 – Present
2 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure United States 176 ft (54 m) Intamin June 2009 – June 2014
3 Lightning Rod Dollywood United States 165 ft (50 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
4 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City United States 162 ft (49 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
5 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park Sweden 160.8 ft (49.0 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
* Colossos Heide Park Germany 159.1 ft (48.5 m) Intamin N/A
* Mean Streak Cedar Point United States 155 ft (47 m) Dinn Corporation May 1991 – May 2000
6 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari United States 154 ft (47 m) The Gravity Group N/A
7 T Express Everland South Korea 150.9 ft (46.0 m) Intamin N/A
8 The Boss Six Flags St. Louis United States 150 ft (46 m) Custom Coasters International N/A
9 American Eagle Six Flags Great America United States 147 ft (45 m) Intamin May 1981 – May 1991
10 The Beast Kings Island United States 141 ft (43 m) Charles Dinn / Al Collins April 1979 – May 1981
Source:[14]
Speed rankings[edit]
Fastest steel roller coasters[edit]
In 1997, Tower of Terror became the fastest roller coaster in the world and the first to reach 100 mph (160 km/h).
Fastest steel roller coasters
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Speed
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Formula Rossa Ferrari World United Arab Emirates 149 mph (240 km/h) Intamin November 2010 – present
2 Kingda Ka Six Flags Great Adventure United States 128 mph (206 km/h) Intamin May 2005 – November 2010
3 Top Thrill Dragster Cedar Point United States 120 mph (190 km/h) Intamin May 2003 – May 2005
4 Do-Dodonpa Fuji-Q Highland Japan 112 mph (180 km/h) S&S Worldwide December 2001 – May 2003
Red Force Ferrari Land Spain 112 mph (180 km/h) Intamin N/A
6 Superman: Escape from Krypton[note 1] Six Flags Magic Mountain United States 100 mph (160 km/h) Intamin March 1997 – December 2001
Tower of Terror II[note 1] Dreamworld Australia 100 mph (160 km/h) Intamin January 1997 – December 2001
* ring°racer Nürburgring Germany 99.4 mph (160.0 km/h) S&S Worldwide N/A
8 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land Japan 95 mph (153 km/h) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/A
Fury 325 Carowinds United States 95 mph (153 km/h) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
10 Millennium Force Cedar Point United States 93 mph (150 km/h) Intamin N/A
Source:[15]
Fastest wooden roller coasters[edit]
El Toro, formerly the fastest wooden roller coaster in the world
American Eagle opened as the fastest wooden roller coaster in the world in 1981.
Fastest wooden roller coasters[note 3]
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Speed
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Lightning Rod Dollywood United States 73 mph (117 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2016 – present
2 Goliath Six Flags Great America United States 72 mph (116 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction June 2014 – June 2016
3 Wildfire Kolmården Wildlife Park Sweden 70.2 mph (113.0 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
4 El Toro Six Flags Great Adventure United States 70 mph (110 km/h) Intamin June 2009 – June 2014
* Colossos Heide Park Germany 68.4 mph (110.1 km/h) Intamin N/A
5 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City United States 68 mph (109 km/h) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
6 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari United States 67.4 mph (108.5 km/h) The Gravity Group N/A
7 The Boss Six Flags St. Louis United States 66.3 mph (106.7 km/h) Custom Coasters International April 2000 – May 2000
8 American Eagle Six Flags Great America United States 66 mph (106 km/h) Intamin May 1981 – April 2000
* Mean Streak Cedar Point United States 65 mph (105 km/h) Dinn Corporation N/A
9 The Beast Kings Island United States 64.8 mph (104.3 km/h) Charles Dinn / Al Collins April 1979 – May 1981
10 T Express Everland South Korea 64.6 mph (104.0 km/h) Intamin N/A
Source:[16]
Length rankings[edit]
Longest steel roller coasters[edit]
Steel Dragon 2000, the longest roller coaster in the world
California Screamin', the seventh-longest steel roller coaster in the world
Longest steel roller coasters
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Length
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Steel Dragon 2000 Nagashima Spa Land Japan 8,133 ft (2,479 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing August 2000 – present
2 The Ultimate Lightwater Valley United Kingdom 7,442 ft (2,268 m) British Rail July 1991 – August 2000
3 Fujiyama Fuji-Q Highland Japan 6,709 ft (2,045 m) TOGO N/A
4 Fury 325 Carowinds United States 6,602 ft (2,012 m) Bolliger & Mabillard N/A
5 Millennium Force Cedar Point United States 6,595 ft (2,010 m) Intamin N/A
6 Formula Rossa Ferrari World United Arab Emirates 6,562 ft (2,000 m) Intamin N/A
7 California Screamin' Disney California Adventure United States 6,072 ft (1,851 m) Intamin N/A
* Vertigorama Parque de la Ciudad Argentina 5,958 ft (1,816 m) Intamin
8 Desperado Buffalo Bill's United States 5,843 ft (1,781 m) Arrow Dynamics N/A
** Steel Vengeance Cedar Point United States 5,740 ft (1,750 m) Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
9 Mamba Worlds of Fun United States 5,600 ft (1,700 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/A
Steel Force Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom United States 5,600 ft (1,700 m) D. H. Morgan Manufacturing N/A
Source:[17]
Longest wooden roller coasters[edit]
Longest wooden roller coasters
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Length
Manufacturer
Record held
1 The Beast Kings Island United States 7,359 ft (2,243 m) Charles Dinn / Al Collins April 1979 – present
2 The Voyage Holiday World & Splashin' Safari United States 6,442 ft (1,964 m) The Gravity Group N/A
3 White Cyclone Nagashima Spa Land Japan 5,577 ft (1,700 m) Intamin N/A
4 T Express Everland South Korea 5,383.8 ft (1,641.0 m) Intamin N/A
5 Shivering Timbers Michigan's Adventure United States 5,383 ft (1,641 m) Custom Coasters International N/A
6 Jupiter Kijima Amusement Park Japan 5,249 ft (1,600 m) Intamin N/A
7 Python in Bamboo Forest Nanchang Wanda Park China 5,111 ft (1,558 m) Great Coasters International N/A
8 The Boss Six Flags St. Louis United States 5,051 ft (1,540 m) Custom Coasters International N/A
9 Wood Coaster Knight Valley China 4,817 ft (1,468 m) Great Coasters International N/A
10 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park United States 4,746 ft (1,447 m) The Gravity Group N/A
Source:[18]
Inversion rankings[edit]
This listing contains all types of roller coaster inversions.
Steel roller coasters[edit]
Most inversions on a steel roller coaster
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Inversions
Manufacturer
Record held
1 The Smiler Alton Towers United Kingdom 14 Gerstlauer May 2013 – Present
2 10 Inversion Roller Coaster Chime-Long Paradise China 10 Intamin February 2006 – May 2013
Altair Cinecittà World Italy 10 Intamin N/A
Colossus Thorpe Park United Kingdom 10 Intamin March 2002 – May 2013
Crazy Coaster Locajoy Holiday China 10 Intamin N/A
** unknown Hopi Hari Brazil 10 Intamin
** unknown Movie Animation Park Studios Malaysia 10 Intamin
** unknown Wonder Island Russia 10 Intamin
** unknown Ankapark Turkey 10 Intamin
6 Avalancha Xetulul Guatemala 8 Intamin N/A
Dragon Khan PortAventura Park Spain 8 Bolliger & Mabillard May 1995 – March 2002
Flight of the Phoenix Harborland China 8 Intamin N/A
** unknown Mirabilandia Brazil 8 Intamin
Sources:[19]
Wooden roller coasters[edit]
Most inversions on a wooden roller coaster[note 3]
Rank
Name
Park
Country
Inversions
Manufacturer
Record held
1 Outlaw Run Silver Dollar City United States 3 Rocky Mountain Construction March 2013 – present
Wildfire Kolmården Sweden 3 Rocky Mountain Construction June 2016 – present
3 Goliath Six Flags Great America United States 2 Rocky Mountain Construction N/A
4 Hades 360 Mt. Olympus Water & Theme Park United States 1 The Gravity Group N/A
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Ningbo China 1 The Gravity Group N/A
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Wuhu China 1 The Gravity Group N/A
Jungle Trailblazer Oriental Heritage, Jinan China 1 The Gravity Group N/A
Mine Blower Fun Spot America: Kissimmee United States 1 The Gravity Group N/A
Source:[20]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f A shuttle roller coaster, not complete-circuit
Jump up ^ Record was held by The Rattler from March 1992 – May 2000. Its height was 179 feet (55 m).[11]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Record was held by Son of Beast from May 2000 – June 2009. Its height was 218 feet (66 m), its drop distance was 214 feet (65 m) and its speed was 78 miles per hour (126 km/h).[12]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Harris, Tom. "How Roller Coasters Work". Discovery Communications. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster Census Report". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Martín, Hugo (March 13, 2012). "Thrill ride designers compete to push the limits". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "It's opening weekend for Cedar Point". Associated Press. May 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 18, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Magnum XL–200 20th anniversary ceremony". PointBuzz. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Formula Rossa (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Kingda Ka (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Dragon 2000 (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Height". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Drop". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Iron Rattler (Six Flags Fiesta Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Son of Beast (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Height". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Drop". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Record Holders – Steel – Speed". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Speed". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Record Holders – Steel – Length". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Length". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Record Holders – Most Inversions". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Marden, Duane. "Wood Record Holders – Most Inversions". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
External links[edit]
Amusement parks portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roller coasters.
Roller coaster census at the Roller Coaster DataBase
Top 100 roller coasters on CoasterBuzz
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Ice bath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Champion weightlifter Karyn Marshall taking an ice bath after the Crossfit Games in 2011.
In sports therapy, an ice bath, or sometimes cold-water immersion or cold therapy, is a training regimen usually following a period of intense exercise[1][2] in which a substantial part of a human body is immersed in a bath of ice or ice-water for a limited duration. While it is becoming increasingly popular and accepted among athletes in a variety of sports,[3][4][5][6][7] the method is controversial,[8] with a risk of hypothermia,[9] with the possibility of shock[10] leading to sudden death.[9][11][12] Many athletes have used cold water immersion after an intense exercise workout in the belief that it speeds up bodily recovery; however, the internal physical processes are not well understood and remain elusive.[13] Generally research into the health effects of cold water immersion as part of an athletic training regimen is inconclusive,[14] with some studies suggesting a mild benefit such as reducing muscle damage and discomfort[15] and alleviating delayed onset muscle soreness,[16][3][17] with other studies suggesting that cold water immersion may slow muscle growth and interfere with an overall training regimen.[18]
Contents
[hide]
1 Techniques
1.1 Bath
1.2 Ice bath only versus contrast bath therapy
1.3 Temperature and timing
1.4 Ice baths versus cold baths
2 Effectiveness
3 Safety
4 History
5 See also
6 References
Techniques[edit]
Ice baths have been used as a part of military training.
Bath[edit]
It is done by standing or sitting in a bucket or bath of icy water. One writer advised: "don't overdo it."[19] Wearing rubberized "dive booties" on the feet (to protect toes) as well as rubber briefs to warm the midsection have been recommended. Champion weightlifter Karyn Marshall, who won the world women's weightlifting championship in 1987,[20] described what it was like to take an ice bath after a day of competition at the CrossFit Games in 2011 in Los Angeles:
The first day I went in for twelve minutes, and the second day for fifteen minutes. They kept adding ice to keep the temperature at around 55 degrees (Fahrenheit) ... The hardest part was the first two minutes. Others who do it often told me to just hang in for two minutes and then it would be easier. After two minutes I was numb. Afterwards I was shivering for two hours in the hot California sun with a warm up jacket on.
—  Karyn Marshall, 2011
One report suggested that if ice water is circulating, it's even colder such that the water will be colder than measured by a thermometer, and that athletes should avoid overexposure.[21] Physical therapist Nikki Kimball explained a way to make the bath more endurable:
Over those years, I've discovered tricks to make the ice bath experience more tolerable. First, I fill my tub with two to three bags of crushed ice. Then I add cold water to a height that will cover me nearly to my waist when I sit in the tub. Before getting in, I put on a down jacket and a hat and neoprene booties, make myself a cup of hot tea, and collect some entertaining reading material to help the next 15 to 20 minutes pass quickly.
—  Runner's World, 2008[22]
Ice bath only versus contrast bath therapy[edit]
Iceman Wim Hof in an ice bath in 2007.
Some athletes use a technique known as contrast water therapy or contrast bath therapy, in which cold water and warmer water are alternated.[19] One method of doing this was to have two tubs––one cold (10–15 degrees Celsius) and another hot (37–40 degrees Celsius) ––and to do one minute in the cold tub followed by two minutes in a hot tub, and to repeat this procedure three times.[19]
Temperature and timing[edit]
The temperature can vary, but is usually in the range of 50–59 degrees Fahrenheit[6][22] or between 12 and 15 degrees Celsius.[19][23] Some athletes wear booties to keep their toes warm[6] or rubberized coverings around their midsection while immersed. Some drink a warm beverage such as tea.[6] One report suggested that "ten minutes immersed in 15 degree Celsius water" was sufficient.[19]
Accounts vary about how long to be immersed and how often to do them. One adviser suggested that an athlete should take ten two-minute ice bath treatments over a two-week period.[24] One account suggested immersion times should be between ten and twenty minutes.[22] Another suggested that immersion run from five to ten minutes, and sometimes to twenty minutes.[19] There were no sources advocating being immersed for longer than twenty minutes.
Ice baths versus cold baths[edit]
Several sources suggest that cold baths (60–75 degrees Fahrenheit) were preferable to ice baths. Physiotherapist Tony Wilson of the University of Southampton said that extremely cold temperatures were unnecessary and a "cold bath" would be just as effective as an ice bath.[24] Another agreed that a mere cold bath is preferable to ice baths which are "unnecessary."[19] A third report suggested that cool water (60–75 degrees Fahrenheit) was just as good as cold water (54–60 degrees Fahrenheit) and that eight to ten minutes should be sufficient time, and warned against exceeding ten minutes.[21]
Effectiveness[edit]
In summer 2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media to raise money for the ALS Association.
After exercise, there is some evidence that taking an ice bath may reduce delayed onset muscle soreness, but no good evidence of any other benefit.[16][citation needed]
Safety[edit]
There is agreement in the medical and scientific communities that ice baths can pose serious risks to health. Risks include hypothermia,[9] shock[10] and the possibility of sudden cardiac death.[9][11][12][25]
History[edit]
Marathon runner Paula Radcliffe won the championship in Europe and attributed her victory to its use.[26] She reportedly said "It's absolute agony, and I dread it, but it allows my body to recover so much more quickly."[27] She reported taking ice baths before racing and preferred her pre-race bath temperature to be "very cold."[24] After the Radcliffe comment, the technique has grown in popularity.[26] It is gaining in popularity among athletes,[6][7][26] such that some athletes "swear by it"[26][28][29] but other accounts suggest it may be a fad.[24][26]
It has been used by athletes such as A. J. Soares[4] and Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps[30] as well as other celebrity endorsers[31] and is getting to become "common practice" among athletes[29][19][32] from different sports, including American football,[33] association football (soccer),[2][4] long distance running,[6][8][22] rugby,[1][26] tennis,[34] volleyball,[5] and other sports. There was a report that sports equipment manufacturers are considering different designs for ice baths.[35] In the summer of 2014, as a fundraising method, the nonprofit ALS Association, which raises money for research and public awareness of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, began the Ice Bucket Challenge which involved donors filming themselves and challenging other donors to participate and then being doused with a bucket of ice cold water; as a fundraising effort, it raised $16 million over a 22-day period.[36][37]
There are indications that ice baths may be gaining popularity with groups outside sports, such as dance. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that some Radio City Rockettes, a precision dance company performing in New York City, use ice baths after a long day of performing as a way to "unwind" and cope with "aches and pains."[38] One report suggested that entertainer Madonna used ice baths after her performances.[39] And there are indications that use of ice baths is spreading to amateur sports, such as high school football.[40]
Ice baths are a part of a broader phenomenon known as cryotherapy––the Greek word cryo (κρυο) means cold––which describes a variety of treatments when cold temperatures are used therapeutically. Cryotherapy includes procedures where a person is placed in a room with "cold, dry air at temperatures as low as −135 °C" for short periods of time, and which has been used in hospitals in Poland as well as a center in London to treat not only muscular ailments, but psychological problems such as depression.[24] Basketball player Manny Harris reportedly used a Cryon-X machine featuring extreme low temperatures around minus 166 degrees Fahrenheit, but used it with wet socks resulting in a serious freezer burn.[41]
Occasionally ice baths have been an ill-advised treatment of fever in young children, but that doctors were counseled not to use this technique because of the risk of hypothermia.[42] Ice baths have been suggested as a way to prevent muscle soreness after shoveling snow.[7]
In addition, there have been instances of ice bathing as an extreme bodily test by persons vying for an endurance record, such as Dutch Iceman Wim Hof,[43] and Chinese record-holders Chen Kecai[44] and Jin Songhao.[45] According to reports, doctors and scientists are studying how these people can spend an hour and a half submerged in an ice bath, and survive; for almost all humans, such tasks are impossible.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Cryotherapy
Dousing
Ice bucket challenge
Polar bear plunge
Winter swimming
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Photo Replay". The New York Times. July 28, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-13. Daniel Ianus of Romania's national rugby team took an ice bath after a training session ...
^ Jump up to: a b Yael Averbuch (2011-04-28). "No Tweeting From the Ice Bath". The New York Times: Soccer. Retrieved 2011-08-13. I tell my body to do a lot of things: Run one more sprint. Strike 50 balls. Push through just 15 more minutes. Warm up. Cool down. Sit in an excruciating ice bath.
^ Jump up to: a b Christine Kearney, 20 February 2012, Medical News Today, Muscle Soreness - Is Cold Water Immersion Effective For Treatment?, Retrieved October 5, 2016, "...a cold bath may be an effective way to prevent and help sore muscles. ...difficult for researchers to determine exactly how much cold water immersion helps sore muscles, ...The researchers say it is necessary for more studies to be done in order to be sure of the effectiveness of cold water baths in treating muscle soreness. ..."
^ Jump up to: a b c AJ Soares (February 18, 2011). "This California boy welcomes opportunity to play in New England". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2011-08-14. Hello New England! I am AJ Soares, a new player, or employee as I tell people, at the New England Revolution. ... It's time for me to dip out, ice bath, and get ready to get to work again tomorrow with the team.
^ Jump up to: a b Tilman von der Linde (25 Feb 2009). "Speeding Up Muscle Recovery - Ice Bath Benefits". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 2011-08-14. Many athletes ... have also discovered the benefits of the icy plunge. Pro Beach Volleyball Players and Marathon Runners have been asked to go stand in the ocean for a few minutes. ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lenny Bernstein (November 9, 2010). "Recovering from high-intensity athletics". Washington Post. Retrieved 2011-08-13. ...you want to keep those tired muscles limber.
^ Jump up to: a b c George Guerin (January 27, 2011). "Shoveling snow again? Try some of these tips to ease those aches and pains". Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2011-08-13. If you have been shoveling ... Ice Bath: An ice bath ... can help reduce muscle soreness. This is extremely popular in athletic locker rooms, sometimes even mandatory after rigorous exercise.
^ Jump up to: a b Julie Deardorff (October 12, 2009). "Rules for runners: Skip the ice bath". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2011-08-13. ... many of my RW colleagues swear by ice baths after a long run or race. Not me. I still maintain that ice baths are an elaborate practical joke being played on runners ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d Tipton MJ (1989). "The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man". Clinical Science. 77 (6): 581–8. PMID 2691172.
^ Jump up to: a b Datta A, Tipton M (2006). "Respiratory responses to cold water immersion: neural pathways, interactions, and clinical consequences awake and asleep". Journal of Applied Physiology. 100 (6): 2057–64. PMID 16714416. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01201.2005.
^ Jump up to: a b Shattock MJ, Tipton MJ (2012). "'Autonomic conflict': a different way to die during cold water immersion?". The Journal of Physiology. 590 (14): 3219–30. PMC 3459038  . PMID 22547634. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.229864.
^ Jump up to: a b Heller K, Salata S (1988). "Cardiopulmonary arrest after cold water immersion and hypothermia". Journal of Emergency Nursing. 14 (1): 5–8. PMID 3279252.
Jump up ^ White GE, Wells GD (2013). "Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise". Extreme Physiology & Medicine. 2 (1): 26. PMC 3766664  . PMID 24004719. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-2-26.
Jump up ^ Rowsell GJ, Reaburn P, Toone R, Smith M, Coutts AJ (2014). "Effect of run training and cold-water immersion on subsequent cycle training quality in high-performance triathletes". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28 (6): 1664–72. PMID 24626137. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000455.
Jump up ^ Ascensão A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhäes S, Magalhäes J (2011). "Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match". Journal of Sports Sciences. 29 (3): 217–25. PMID 21170794. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.526132.
^ Jump up to: a b Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter GD, Hopkins JT, Davison GW (2012). "Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Systematic review) (2): CD008262. PMID 22336838. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2.
Jump up ^ Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, de Almeida AC, Lemes ÍR, Vanderlei FM, Netto Junior J, Pastre CM (2016). "Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Sports Medicine. 46 (4): 503–14. PMC 4802003  . PMID 26581833. doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0431-7.
Jump up ^ Roberts LA, Raastad T, Markworth JF, Figueiredo VC, Egner IM, Shield A, Cameron-Smith D, Coombes JS, Peake JM (2015). "Post-exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signalling and long-term adaptations in muscle to strength training". The Journal of Physiology. 593 (18): 4285–301. PMC 4594298  . PMID 26174323. doi:10.1113/JP270570.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Elizabeth Quinn (September 30, 2008). "After Exercise - Does an Ice Water Bath Speed Recovery?". About.com. Retrieved 2011-08-14. After Exercise Ice Bath - Does It Help Recovery?
Jump up ^ Julie Carft (July 29, 1989). "Image is Heavy Burden - Weightlifter Karyn Marshall Feels Pressure to Project 'Femininity, Intelligence'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Andy Schmitz; USA Triathlon. "8 Ice Bath Dos and Don'ts". Active.com. Retrieved 2011-08-14. DO: Be aware that moving water is colder water.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Nikki Kimball; physical therapist (August 1, 2008). "Ice Baths: Cold Therapy -- Ice baths are one of the most effective ways to offset the damage done on a run.". Runner's World. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-14. One simple way to offset the risks inherent to long bouts of running is cold-water immersion, known to many runners as the ice bath.
Jump up ^ Stephen Mirarchi (September 2006). "Owner's Manual: Chill Out: Better recovery with ice baths". Running Times Magazine. Retrieved 2011-08-14. ... First, immersion allows controlled, even constriction around all muscles, effectively closing microscopic damage that cannot be felt and numbing the pain that can. ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ellie Levenson (21 November 2006). "It's hot to be cold". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-08-13. Not only has recent research from the Scripps Research Institute in California shown that reducing the core body temperature of mice makes them live for longer...
Jump up ^ Wittmers LE (2001). "Pathophysiology of cold exposure". Minnesota Medicine. 84 (11): 30–6. PMID 11816961.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f James Randerson (10 July 2007). "Study pours cold water on theory that ice aids recovery". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-08-13. But Australian scientists have discovered that not only does the modern treatment have no effect - it may do more harm than good.
Jump up ^ Craig Smith (2003-09-30). "The cold benefits of ice baths". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-08-14. In simple terms, it's about helping the muscles, tendons, bones, nerves and all the different tissues used in sport recover from their workout.
Jump up ^ NewsCore (4 Nov 2010). "Experts Pour Cold Water on Athletes' Ice-Bath Remedy". Fox Boston. Retrieved 2011-08-14. ... the grueling ritual of the ice bath could reduce the benefits of exercise. ...
^ Jump up to: a b Vaile JM, Gill ND, Blazevich AJ (2007). "The effect of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 21 (3): 697–702. PMID 17685683. doi:10.1519/R-19355.1.
Jump up ^ KAREN CROUSE (August 4, 2012). "With One Last Gold, Phelps Caps Career That Inspired a Generation". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2012. ...It is because of Phelps that swimmers like Franklin think nothing of taking an ice bath to expedite their recovery.
Jump up ^ "Sports star ice baths questioned". BBC News. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 2011-08-14. British Journal of Sports Medicine now claims the opposite may be true. Out of 40 volunteers, those who took an icy plunge reported more pain after 24 hours than those who took a tepid bath. ... Ice baths have become one of the most fashionable ways of recovering after an intense game or marathon. From rugby to tennis players, the bath has a series of celebrity endorsers.
Jump up ^ Gordon McKerrow (interviewer) Ryan Babel (interviewee) (April 2, 2008). "Rough diamond: Liverpool's Babel reflects on Ajax, Benítez, ice baths". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-08-14. ... After a match we have to stand in an ice bath for five minutes. ...
Jump up ^ Mike Brown (August 15, 2007). "Survival in the heat: The ice age: On hot days, teams mandate ice baths for athletes.". Tulsa World via Highbeam Research. Retrieved October 25, 2012. About half of TU's football players take daily dips in water cooled to between 50 and 55 degrees. ... The muscles start feeling a lot better. Aside from the obvious benefit of cooling down quickly from the heat, ice baths help the legs and muscles recover for the next practice.
Jump up ^ Geoff Macdonald (June 24, 2010). "How Do You Recover From 163 Games?". The New York Times: Tennis. Retrieved 2011-08-13. ...the next smart move would be to take a full body ice bath. ...
Jump up ^ "Cool ice bath innovation makes waves in sporting circles". The Irish Times via Highbeam Research. June 24, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2012. ... However the design of conventional ice baths leaves something to be desired.
Jump up ^ August 14, 2014, Campbell North, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, People around the country have ALS challenge down cold, Retrieved Aug. 18, 2014, "...Those who forgo the ice bath are asked to donate to an ALS organization..."
Jump up ^ Bill Saporito, Aug. 18, 2014, Time magazine, How the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Could Change Fundraising Forever, Retrieved Aug. 18, 2014, "...Never mind the ice bath; you could have just written the check...."
Jump up ^ Sara Bauknecht (November 15, 2009). "Rockettes manager strives to keep troupe fit and healthy". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2011-08-13. How do the 200 Radio City Rockettes ... Taking ice baths ... some Rockettes take ice baths to unwind after a long day.
Jump up ^ "Madonna sits in ice bath after concerts". Hindustan Times via Highbeam Research. October 19, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2012. After her live shows, Pop diva Madonna .. bath of ice to soothe the pain her body has endured after hours of performing on stage.
Jump up ^ Josh Rosenfeld (October 2, 2010). "Westfield 30, Elizabeth 20 (High school Football scores and results)". The Star Ledger. Retrieved 2011-08-14. Long after most of his teammates had departed Gary Kehler Stadium, A.J. Murray sat in a well-deserved ice bath in a large plastic tub while basking in the sunlight outside the Westfield training room.
Jump up ^ Darren Rovell of CNBC.com (January 1, 2012). "Did a mistake in New Age ice bath set back NBA player?". USA Today. Retrieved October 25, 2012. In November, Cleveland Cavaliers guard Manny Harris got into a Cryon-X machine on Nike's campus in Beaverton, Ore. When he came out, he had a nasty freezer burn on the side of his right foot. ... In just three minutes, the company that makes it, Millennium ICE, says the machine cranks the temperature inside to minus 166 degrees Fahrenheit, thus oxygenating the blood, helping to reduce fatigue and muscle soreness.
Jump up ^ Julie Deardorff (May 2, 2010). "Health myths your doctor may believe". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2011-08-13. 5 percent said children can be given an ice bath to treat a fever -- Risk: hypothermia
Jump up ^ Joseph Angier, March 7, 2008, ABC News, Iceman on Everest: 'It Was Easy', Accessed April 14, 2014
Jump up ^ BBC News, 4 January 2011, Chilly Chinese compete for world ice bathing record, Accessed April 14, 2014
Jump up ^ "Specials". China Daily. 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-08-14. Jin Songhao dwarfed the previous world record for the longest ice bath by immersing himself in ice for 120 minutes.
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