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Indus script
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Indus script
Type
Undeciphered possible Bronze Age writing
Languages
Unknown (see Harappan language)
Time period
3500–1900 BCE[1][2][3]
Unicorn seal of Indus Valley, Indian Museum
Seal impression showing a typical inscription of five characters
Collection of seals
The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation during the Kot Diji and Mature Harappan periods between 3500 and 1900 BCE. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system.[4] In spite of many attempts,[5] ‘the script’ has not yet been deciphered, but efforts are ongoing. There is no known bilingual inscription to help decipher the script, and the script shows no significant changes over time. However, some of the syntax (if that is what it may be termed) varies depending upon location.[4]
The first publication of a seal with Harappan symbols dates to 1875, in a drawing by Alexander Cunningham.[6] Since then, over 4,000 inscribed objects have been discovered, some as far afield as Mesopotamia. In the early 1970s, Iravatham Mahadevan published a corpus and concordance of Indus inscriptions listing 3,700 seals and 417 distinct signs in specific patterns. He also found that the average inscription contained five symbols and that the longest inscription contained only 14 symbols in a single line.[7]
Some scholars, such as G.R. Hunter,[8] S. R. Rao, John Newberry,[9] Krishna Rao,[10] and Subhash Kak[11] have argued that the Brāhmī script has some connection with the Indus system, but others, such as Iravatham Mahadevan, Kamil Zvelebil and Asko Parpola, have argued that the script had a relation to a Dravidian language.[12][13] F. Raymond Allchin has somewhat cautiously supported the possibility,[14][15] that even many supporters of the theory that Brāhmī probably derives from Aramaic influence consider: that the Brahmi language can have some Indus script influence.[16] Another possibility for continuity of the Indus tradition is in the megalithic culture graffiti symbols of southern and central India (and Sri Lanka), which probably do not constitute a linguistic script but may have some overlap with the Indus symbol inventory.[17][18]
Contents
1 Corpus
1.1 Late Harappan
2 Characteristics
3 Decipherability question
4 Attempts at decipherment
4.1 Dravidian hypothesis
4.2 "Sanskritic" hypothesis
4.3 Miscellaneous hypotheses
5 Encoding
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Corpus[edit]
Early examples of the symbol system are found in an Early Harappan and Indus civilisation context, dated to possibly as early as the 35th century BCE.[19][20] In the Mature Harappan period, from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, strings of Indus signs are commonly found on flat, rectangular stamp seals as well as many other objects including tools, tablets, ornaments and pottery. The signs were written in many ways, including carving, chiseling, painting and embossing, on objects made of many different materials, such as soapstone, bone, shell, terracotta, sandstone, copper, silver and gold.[21] Often, animals such as bulls, elephants, rhinoceros, water buffaloes and the mythical unicorn accompanied the text on seals to help the illiterate identify the origin of a particular seal.[22]
Late Harappan[edit]
After 1900 BCE, the systematic use of the symbols ended, after the final stage of the Mature Harappan civilization. A few Harappan signs have been claimed to appear until as late as around 1100 BCE, the beginning of the Iron Age in India. Onshore explorations near Bet Dwarka in Gujarat revealed the presence of late Indus seals depicting a three-headed animal, an earthen vessel inscribed in what is claimed to be a late Harappan script and a large quantity of pottery. The thermoluminescence date for the pottery is 1528 BCE. That evidence has been used to claim that a late Harappan script was used until around 1500 BCE.[23]
Characteristics[edit]
Inscription of ten characters from Dholavira.
The characters are largely pictorial but include many abstract signs. The inscriptions are thought to have been written mostly from right-to-left (because there are several instances of the symbols being compressed on the left side, as if the writer is running out of space at the end of the row there), but they sometimes follow a boustrophedonic style. The number of principal signs is about 400. Since that is considered too large a number for each character to be a phonogram, the script is generally believed to instead be logo-syllabic.
Decipherability question[edit]
An opposing hypothesis that has been offered by Michael Witzel and Steve Farmer, is that these symbols are nonlinguistic signs, which symbolise families, clans, gods, and religious concepts and are similar to components of coats of arms or totem poles.[24] In a 2004 article, Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel presented a number of arguments stating that the Indus script is nonlinguistic. The main ones are the extreme brevity of the inscriptions, the existence of too many rare signs (which increase over the 700-year period of the Mature Harappan civilization) and the lack of the random-looking sign repetition that is typical of language.[25]
Asko Parpola, reviewing the Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel thesis in 2005, stated that their arguments "can be easily controverted".[26] He cited the presence of a large number of rare signs in Chinese and emphasised that there was "little reason for sign repetition in short seal texts written in an early logo-syllabic script". Revisiting the question in a 2007 lecture,[27] Parpola took on each of the 10 main arguments of Farmer et al., presenting counterarguments for each.
A 2009 paper[28] published by Rajesh P N Rao, Iravatham Mahadevan and others in the journal Science also challenged the argument that the Indus script might have been a nonlinguistic symbol system. The paper concluded that the conditional entropy of Indus inscriptions closely matched those of linguistic systems like the Sumerian logo-syllabic system, Rig Vedic Sanskrit etc., but they are careful to stress that by itself does not imply that the script is linguistic. A follow-up study presented further evidence in terms of entropies of longer sequences of symbols beyond pairs.[29] However, Sproat claimed that there existed a number of misunderstandings in Rao et al., including a lack of discriminative power in their model, and argued that applying their model to known non-linguistic systems such as Mesopotamian deity symbols produced similar results to the Indus script. Rao et al.'s argument against Sproat's claims and Sproat's reply were published in Computational Linguistics in December 2010.[30] The June 2014 issue of Language carries a paper by Sproat that provides further evidence that the methodology of Rao et al. is flawed.[31] Rao et al.'s rebuttal of Sproat's 2014 article and Sproat's response are published in the December 2015 issue of Language.[32][33]
Attempts at decipherment[edit]
Further information: Harappan language
Over the years, numerous decipherments have been proposed, but there is no established scholarly consensus.[34] The following factors are usually regarded as the biggest obstacles for a successful decipherment:
The underlying language has not been identified though some 300 loanwords in the Rigveda are a good starting point for comparison.[35][36]
The average length of the inscriptions is less than five signs, the longest being only 26 signs long[37], although recent findings have revealed copper plates belonging to the mature Harappan period, one of them having 34 characters inscribed onto it.[38]
No bilingual texts (like a Rosetta Stone) have been found.
The topic is popular among amateur researchers, and there have been various (mutually exclusive) decipherment claims.[39]
Dravidian hypothesis[edit]
The Russian scholar Yuri Knorozov suggested, based on computer analysis, the Dravidian language as the most likely candidate for the underlying language of the script.[40] Knorozov's suggestion was preceded by the work of Henry Heras, who also suggested several readings of signs based on a proto-Dravidian assumption.[41]
The Finnish scholar Asko Parpola wrote that the Indus script and Harappan language "most likely belonged to the Dravidian family".[42] Parpola led a Finnish team in the 1960s-80s that, like Knorozov's Soviet team worked towards investigating the inscriptions using computer analysis. Based on a proto-Dravidian assumption, the teams proposed readings of many signs. A number of people agreed with the suggested readings of Heras and Knorozov. One such reading was legitimised when the Dravidian word for both 'fish' and 'star', "min" was hinted at through drawings of both the things together on Harappan seals.[43] A comprehensive description of Parpola's work until 1994 is given in his book Deciphering the Indus Script.[44]
Iravatham Mahadevan, another historian who supports the Dravidian hypothesis, says, "we may hopefully find that the proto-Dravidian roots of the Harappan language and South Indian Dravidian languages are similar. This is a hypothesis [...] But I have no illusions that I will decipher the Indus script, nor do I have any regret".[45] Commenting on his 2014 publication Dravidian Proof of the Indus Script via The Rig Veda: A Case Study, Mahadevan claims to have made significant progress in deciphering the script as Dravidian.[46] According to Mahadevan, a stone celt discovered in Mayiladuthurai (Tamil Nadu) has the same markings as that of the symbols of the Indus script. The celt dates to early 2nd millennium BCE, post-dating Harappan decline. Mahadevan considers this as evidence of the same language being used by the neolithic people of south India and the late Harappans.[47][48]
In May 2007, the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department found pots with arrow-head symbols during an excavation in Melaperumpallam near Poompuhar. These symbols are claimed to have a striking resemblance to seals unearthed in Mohenjo-daro in present-day Pakistan in the 1920s.[49]
"Sanskritic" hypothesis[edit]
Indus people endless knot symbol/Rangoli and Inscription possibly proto Dravidian or proto Sanskrit
Indian archaeologist Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao claimed to have deciphered the Indus script. He compared it to the Phoenician alphabet, and assigned sound values based on this comparison. His decipherment results in a "Sanskritic" reading, including the numerals aeka, tra, chatus, panta, happta/sapta, dasa, dvadasa, sata (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 100).[50] He also noted a number of striking similarities in shape and form between the late Harappan characters and the Phoenician letters, arguing that the Phoenician script evolved from the Harappan script, and not, as the classical theory suggests from the Proto-Sinaitic script.[51]
John E. Mitchiner dismissed some of these attempts at decipherment. Mitchiner mentioned that "a more soundly-based but still greatly subjective and unconvincing attempt to discern an Indo-European basis in the script has been that of Rao".[52]
Miscellaneous hypotheses[edit]
There have been several hypotheses regarding the language pertaining to the Indus Script. One of the most common ones has been that the script belongs to the Indo-Aryan language. However, there are many problems with this hypothesis. A major one includes: Since the people belonging to the Indo-European cultures were always on the move, horses played a very important role in their lives or as Parpola put it, "There is no escape from the fact that the horse played a central role in the Vedic and Iranian cultures..." (Parpola, 1986). However, no depiction of horses on seals nor any remains of horses have been found in the subcontinent before 2000 BCE. Thus, it is very likely there were no Aryan speakers present before 2000 BCE in the Indus Valley.
A second, though not as popular hypothesis is that the Indus script belongs to the Munda family of languages. The Munda family of languages is spoken largely in Eastern India, and is related to some Southeast Asian languages. However, much like the Indo-Aryan language, the reconstructed vocabulary of early Munda does not reflect the Harappan culture. Therefore, its candidacy for being the language of the Indus Civilization is dim.[53]
Scholars also compare the Indus valley script with a writing system from ancient Persia, known as Linear Elamite. The two languages were contemporary to each other. Scholars gained knowledge of the Elamite language from a bilingual monument called the Table of the Lion in the Louvre museum. The monument contained the same text in Akkadian, a known writing system, and in Linear Elamite. On comparing this ancient language to the Indus script, a number of similar symbols have been found.[54]
The Dholavira signboard is one of the longest in the Indus script, with one symbol appearing four times, and this and its large size and public nature make it a key piece of evidence cited by scholars arguing that the Indus script represents full literacy.
Other languages connected to the script include Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan. Further possibilities include nearby language isolates such as Burushaski, Kusunda and Nihali as well as the extinct Sumerian civilization with which there was trade contact.
Encoding[edit]
The Indus symbols have been assigned the ISO 15924 code "Inds". The script was proposed for encoding in Unicode's Supplementary Multilingual Plane in 1999; however, the Unicode Consortium still lists the proposal in pending status.[55] At the International Conference on Mohenjodaro and Indus Valley Civilisation 2017 it was noted that two language engineers, Amar Fayaz Buriro and Shabir Kumbhar have engineered all 1839 signs of Indus script and presented a developed font.[56][57]
See also[edit]
Related topics
Ancient iron production
Brahmi script
Bronze Age writing
History of metallurgy in South Asia
Proto-writing
Undeciphered scripts
Lipi
Stambha
Other similar topics
Ashokan Edicts in Delhi
Ashoka's Major Rock Edicts
Dhar iron pillar
Early Indian epigraphy
Hindu temple architecture
History of India
Indian copper plate inscriptions
Indian rock-cut architecture
Iron pillar of Delhi
List of Edicts of Ashoka
List of rock-cut temples in India
Outline of ancient India
Pillars of Ashoka
South Indian Inscriptions
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "'Earliest writing' found". Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Evidence for Indus script dated to ca. 3500 BCE". Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Edwin Bryant. The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford University. p. 178.
^ Jump up to: a b Locklear, Mallory (January 25, 2017). "Science: Machine learning could finally crack the 4,000-year-old Indus script". The Verge. Manhattan, New York, NY: Vox Media. Retrieved January 25, 2017. After a century of failing to crack an ancient script, linguists turn to machines.
Jump up ^ (Possehl, 1996)
Jump up ^ Cunningham, Alexander (1875). "Harappa". Archaeological Survey of India: Report for the Years 1872-3. 5: 105–108.
Jump up ^ Ancient civilization_ Cracking the Indus script _ Nature News & Comment
Jump up ^ Hunter, G.R. (1934), The Script of Harappa and Mohenjodaro and Its Connection with Other Scripts, Studies in the history of culture, London:K. Paul, Trench, Trubner
Jump up ^ "Indus script monographs - Volumes 1-7", p.10-20, 1980, John Newberry
Jump up ^ "An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology", Amalananda Ghosh, p.362, 1990
Jump up ^ Patel, P.G., Pandey, P., Rajgor, D. (2007) The Indic Scripts: Palaeographic and Linguistic Perspectives. D.K. Printworld.
Jump up ^ Rahman, Tariq. "Peoples and languages in pre-islamic Indus valley". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2008-11-20. most scholars have taken the 'Dravidian hypothesis' seriously
Jump up ^ The Indus Script
Jump up ^ Goody, Jack (1987), The Interface Between the Written and the Oral, Cambridge University Press, pp. 301–302 (note 4)
Jump up ^ Allchin, F.Raymond; Erdosy, George (1995), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States, Cambridge University Press, p. 336
Jump up ^ Salomon, Richard, On The Origin Of The Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article. Journal of the American Oriental Society 115.2 (1995), 271–279
Jump up ^ Mahadevan, Iravatham (2004), Megalithic pottery inscription and a Harappa tablet:A case of extraordinary resemblance (PDF), Harappa.com, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-01
Jump up ^ Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2006), "Inscribed pots, emerging identities", in Patrick Olivelle, Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE, Oxford University Press, pp. 121–122
Jump up ^ Meadow, Richard H.; Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (2001-07-02). "Excavations at Harappa 2000–2001: New insights on Chronology and City Organization". In Jarrige, C.; Lefèvre, V. South Asian Archaeology 2001. Paris: Collège de France. ISBN 978-2-8653830-1-6. Retrieved 2013-05-27.
Jump up ^ Whitehouse, David (1999-05-04). "'Earliest writing' found". BBC News Online. BBC. Archived from the original on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
Jump up ^ Kenoyer, J. Mark; Meadow, Richard H. (2010). "Inscribed Objects from Harappa Excavations 1986-2007" (PDF). In Parpola, Asko; Pande, B.M.; Koskikallio, Petteri. Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions. Volume 3: New material, untraced objects, and collections outside India and Pakistan - Part 1: Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. p. xlviii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-30.
Jump up ^ Themes in History, Part-I. NCERT. p. 15.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, S. M. (2011) Indus Script Dictionary, page viii
Jump up ^ Farmer et al. (2004)
Jump up ^ Lawler, Andrew (2004). "The Indus script: Write or wrong?". Science. 306: 2026–2029. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2026.
Jump up ^ (Parpola, 2005, p. 37)
Jump up ^ (Parpola, 2008).
Jump up ^ Rao, R.P.N.; et al. (6 May 2009). "Entropic Evidence for Linguistic Structure in the Indus Script" (PDF). Science. 324: 1165. doi:10.1126/science.1170391. PMID 19389998.
Jump up ^ Rao, R.P.N. (April 2010). "Probabilistic Analysis of an Ancient Undeciphered Script" (PDF). IEEE Computer. 43 (4): 76–80. doi:10.1109/mc.2010.112.
Jump up ^ Computational Linguistics, Volume 36, Issue 4, December 2010.
Jump up ^ R. Sproat, 2014, "A Statistical Comparison of Written Language and Nonlinguistic Symbol Systems". Language, Volume 90, Issue 2, June 2014.
Jump up ^ R. P. N. Rao, R. Lee, N. Yadav, M. Vahia, P. Jonathan, P. Ziman, 2015, "On statistical measures and ancient writing systems". Language, Volume 91, Number 4, December 2015.
Jump up ^ R. Sproat, 2015, "On misunderstandings and misrepresentations: A reply to Rao et al". Language, Volume 91, Number 4, December 2015.
Jump up ^ Gregory L. Possehl. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. Rowman Altamira. p. 136.
Jump up ^ FBJ Kuiper, Aryans in the Rigveda, Amsterdam/Atlanta 1991
Jump up ^ M. Witzel underlines the prefixing nature of these words and calls them Para-Munda, a language related to but not belonging to Proto-Munda; see: Witzel, M. Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic), EJVS Vol. 5,1, 1999, 1-67
Jump up ^ Longest Indus inscription
Jump up ^ Shinde, V. & Willis, R.J., (2014). A New Type of Inscribed Copper Plate from Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilisation . Ancient Asia . 5 , p . Art. 1 . DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/aa.12317
Jump up ^ see e.g. Egbert Richter and N. S. Rajaram for examples.
Jump up ^ (Knorozov 1965)
Jump up ^ (Heras, 1953)
Jump up ^ Edwin Bryant. The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford. p. 183. ISBN 9780195169478.
Jump up ^ "Indus Script". ancient scripts.com.
Jump up ^ (Parpola, 1994)
Jump up ^ Interview at Harrappa.com
Jump up ^ "'Indus script early form of Dravidian'". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
Jump up ^ (Subramanium 2006; see also A Note on the Muruku Sign of the Indus Script in light of the Mayiladuthurai Stone Axe Discovery by I. Mahadevan (2006)
Jump up ^ "Significance of Mayiladuthurai find - The Hindu". May 1, 2006.
Jump up ^ Subramaniam, T. S. (May 1, 2006). "From Indus Valley to coastal Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
Jump up ^ Sreedharan (2007). A Manual of Historical Research Methodology. South Indian Studies. p. 268.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Andrew. Lost Languages: The Enigma of the World's Undeciphered Scripts. 2002
Jump up ^ J.E. Mitchiner: Studies in the Indus Valley Inscriptions, p.5, with reference to S.R. Rao: Lothal and the Indus Civilisation (ch.10), Bombay 1978.
Jump up ^ "Indus Script". ancientscripts.com.
Jump up ^ Redalia, Suzanne. "Cracking the Indus Script: A Potential Breakthrough". swarajyamag.com.
Jump up ^ Everson 1999 and http://unicode.org/pending/pending.html
Jump up ^ https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/188398-Revisiting-Mohenjodaro
Jump up ^ https://www.mohenjodaroonline.net/index.php/indus-script
References[edit]
Bryant, Edwin (2000), The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture : The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate Oxford University Press.
B. B. Lal (1977). On the Most Frequently Used Sign in the Indus Script.
Everson, Michael (1999-01-29). "Proposal for encoding the Indus script in Plane 1 of the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
Farmer, Steve et al. (2004) The Collapse of the Indus-Script Thesis: The Myth of a Literate Harappan Civilization, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies (EJVS), vol. 11 (2004), issue 2 (Dec) [1] (PDF).
Knorozov, Yuri V. (ed.) (1965) Predvaritel’noe soobshchenie ob issledovanii protoindiyskikh textov. Moscow.
Mahadevan, Iravatham, Murukan In the Indus Script (1999)
Mahadevan, Iravatham, Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995–2000) EJVS (ISSN 1084-7561) vol. 8 (2002) issue 1 (March 8).[2]
Heras, Henry. Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture, Bombay: Indian Historical Research Institute, 1953.
Parpola, Asko et al. (1987-2010). Corpus of Indus seals and inscriptions, Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia (Academia scientiarum Fennica), 1987-2010.
Parpola, Asko (1994), Deciphering the Indus script Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Parpola, Asko (2005) Study of the Indus Script. 50th ICES Tokyo Session.
Parpola, Asko (2008) Is the Indus script indeed not a writing system?. Published in Airāvati, Felicitation volume in honour of Iravatham Mahadevan, Chennai.
Possehl, Gregory L. (1996). Indus Age: The Writing System. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3345-X. .
Walter Ashlin Fairservis (1992). The Harappan Civilization and Its Writing: A Model for the Decipherment of the Indus Script. BRILL.
Rao, R.P.N. et al. (2009). "Entropic Evidence for Linguistic Structure in the Indus Script". Science, 29 May 2009.
Rao, R.P.N. (2010). "Probabilistic Analysis of an Ancient Undeciphered Script". IEEE Computer, vol. 43(4), 76-80, April 2010.
Sproat, R. (2014). "A Statistical Comparison of Written Language and Nonlinguistic Symbol Systems". "Language", vol. 90(2), 457-481, June 2014.
Subramanian, T. S. (2006) "Significance of Mayiladuthurai find" in The Hindu, May 1, 2006.
Wells, B. "An Introduction to Indus Writing" Independence, MO: Early Sites Research Society 1999.
Keim, Brandon (2009) "Artificial Intelligence Cracks 4,000 Year Old Mystery" in WIRED
Vidale, Massimo (2007). "The collapse melts down: a reply to Farmer, Sproat and Witzel". Philosophy East and West. 57 (1–4): 333–366.
External links[edit]
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indus script.
Indus Script (ancientscripts.com)
Indus Script (https://web.archive.org/web/20111007074411/http://www.shangrilagifts.org/hp/indus.html - Comparison of Indus Valley Harappan 哈拉帕 and Ancient Chinese Jia-Gu-wen 甲骨文 "Bone Script")
"Discovery of a century" in Tamil Nadu ("Discovery of a century" in Tamil Nadu )
The Indus Script (From harappa.com)
BBC - 'Earliest writing' found
How come we can't decipher the Indus script? (from The Straight Dope)
Iravatham Mahadevan, Towards a scientific study of the Indus Script
"Studies in Indus Scripts - I" by S. Srikanta Sastri, published in Quarterly Journal of Mythic Society, Vol XXIV, No. 3
"Studies in Indus Scripts - II" by S. Srikanta Sastri, published in Quarterly Journal of Mythic Society, Vol XXIV, No 4
Script Image;Article
Collection of essays about the Indus script (Steve Farmer)
WIRED.com (WIRED.com)
"Computers Unlock More Secrets Of The Mysterious Indus Valley Script". Science Daily. August 4, 2009. .
Rao, Rajesh (2011) "A Rosetta Stone for a Lost Language" TED Talks
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Kirsten Storms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Kirsten Storms
Born
Kirsten Renee Storms
(1984-04-08) April 8, 1984 (age 33)
Orlando, Florida, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, voice actress
Years active
1996 - present
Spouse(s)
Brandon Barash (m. 2013; div. 2016)
Children
1
Website
instagram.com/kirstenstorms
Kirsten Renee Storms (born April 8, 1984) is an American actress and voice actress. She is best known for her roles as Zenon Kar in the Zenon trilogy, Emily in Johnny Tsunami, and Bonnie Rockwaller in Kim Possible. Storms played Isabella "Belle" Black on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1999 to 2004. In 2005, Storms was cast as the character Maxie Jones on the ABC soap opera General Hospital and its spin-off General Hospital: Night Shift. She departed the series in September 2011 upon being diagnosed with endometriosis and was replaced in the role by Jen Lilley. After nearly a year off-screen, Storms returned as Maxie on September 5, 2012. Storms took maternity leave on January 2, 2014 and returned on April 8, 2014.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
2 Television
2.1 Days of our Lives
2.2 Clubhouse
2.3 General Hospital
2.4 Other work
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Storms was born in Orlando, Florida. She has a younger sister named Gretchen, a brother named Austin and a stepbrother named Chris. She is the daughter of Karen Storms and CBS affiliate sportscaster Mike Storms.[1] According to Storms, she always knew she wanted to be a soap opera actress. At age five she announced:
“ One of the first agents I got, I told, 'When I grow up, I'm going to be on a soap opera. You can get me commercials and stuff now, but what I really want to do someday is be on a soap opera.' [...] No one took me seriously. But I knew, even though I hadn't actually watched one, it was something I always wanted to do.[1] ”
After visiting her father at work, Storms convinced her parents to enroll her in acting classes, leading to her discovery by a talent scout at the age of five.[1] The talent scout suggested she be enrolled in an intensive children's acting camp in the Catskills, New York.[1]
Storms' first role was a commercial for Galoob Baby Doll.[1] After appearing in a handful of other commercials, her television career included a recurring role on ABC's Second Noah plus a lead role in Sing Me a Story with Belle. At age twelve, she moved with her family to Los Angeles, California.[1] Soon after that, she landed the recurring role of Laura Cummings on The WB's long-running program 7th Heaven. She appeared in three episodes between 1998 and 2001, in which she played a girlfriend of Simon (played by David Gallagher). She was later chosen to play the title character in Disney Channel's original movie Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century.[1] The movie had the largest rating for any Disney Channel original movie at the time. She later reprised the role in two more sequels. Storms continued to appear in a string of family shows and television movies, including The Trojan Horse, a Hallmark production. She also took a supporting role in Disney's Johnny Tsunami and voiced Bonnie Rockwaller in the Disney Channel animated series Kim Possible.
Television[edit]
Days of our Lives[edit]
"I've known since I was 5 years old that I wanted to be an actress. I've wanted to work on a soap opera for a long time, and this is like all my dreams coming true at once. I known I'll want to try other things eventually, but I'm very happy working right here."
—Storms in 2000, on her role as Belle Black.[2]
On August 5, 1999, Storms signed on to play Isabella "Belle" Black on the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives. Although she initially faced viewers upset at the sudden SORAS aging her casting brought to the character, Storms soon was popular with the audience.[2][3] Her five years on the soap opera would feature her in many high-profile storylines, such as the popular relationship with Shawn Brady, played by Jason Cook,[4] as Storms' character was promoted heavily as a major character within the show.
At the end of her five-year contract, Kirsten opted to not renew her contract with the series, one reason being her pilot had been picked up for the primetime show Clubhouse.[3] Her final episode aired on July 15, 2004.[5]
Clubhouse[edit]
Clubhouse was a prime-time television series that aired on CBS starting the fall of 2004, created by Daniel Cerone and produced by Aaron Spelling. The series revolved around Pete Young (Jeremy Sumpter) and his dream of becoming a professional baseball player. Storms played Pete's sister, Betsy. Unlike the innocent character of Belle that Kirsten had just left, Betsy was a rebellious teenager often finding herself in trouble over such issues as sex, drugs, and alcohol. Storms embraced the new role, stating, "I can relate to a lot of things Betsy does. I've sat and talked with the executive producer about my first tattoo and the first time I ever had a drink of alcohol, things that she's going to be experiencing too."[3] The show ended up being cancelled after 5 episodes. It shot 11 episodes, and can be viewed on "Brilliant, But Cancelled" on cable TV.
General Hospital[edit]
Storms returned to familiar territory on May 23, 2005, becoming the third actress to portray Mariah Maximiliana "Maxie" Jones on the ABC soap opera General Hospital. In 2008, Storms was reunited with Jason Cook, who joined the soap as Matt Hunter. She received an Emmy nomination for her role in 2009.[6]
Storms vacated the role in fall 2011 due to medical reasons, later revealed to be endometriosis.[7] She was temporarily replaced with Jen Lilley, and originally scheduled to return to work in February 2012.[8] Her illness prevented her from returning on time, and Lilley was kept on for the foreseeable future.[9][10][11] In July 2012, it was announced that Storms would return to the series.[12] On September 5, 2012, Storms reprised the role of Maxie on-screen.[13][14] Storms took maternity leave on January 2, 2014, and returned on April 8 of the same year. In March 2017 Soap Opera Spy reported that Storms was leaving Port Charles for "personal reasons,". She returned to GH in August 2017.[15]
Other work[edit]
In 2015, Storms appeared as Selene Winterthorne in the soap opera web series Winterthorne.[16][17][18]
Personal life[edit]
On September 7, 2007, Storms was pulled over on a Los Angeles freeway by California Highway Patrol for tossing a lit cigarette out of the window of her Mercedes. After failing sobriety tests, she was arrested for a DUI.[19] Her blood alcohol content was measured at 0.13, above the California legal limit of 0.08.[20] In November 2007, she pleaded no contest to the charges and was ordered to attend twelve Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, complete a 90-day alcohol program, and pay $1,643 in fines. She also had her license suspended for six months and was placed on three years probation.[21]
Storms is close friends with General Hospital co-star Kelly Monaco, which was featured in the short-lived E! Entertainment reality show Dirty Soap,[22] which aired during the fall of 2011.[23]
In early 2013, it was confirmed that Storms was in a relationship with her former General Hospital co-star Brandon Barash. In August 2013, the couple confirmed to People that they had secretly wed in June, and were expecting their first child, a girl, in January 2014.[24] On January 7, 2014, Barash confirmed on his official Twitter account that Storms had given birth to a baby girl, Harper Rose Barash.[25] On April 6, 2016, Soap Opera Digest revealed that Storms and Barash had filed for divorce after more than two and a half years of marriage citing irreconcilable differences but they will raise their daughter together as they are splitting amicably.[26]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1997 Crayola Kids Adventures: The Trojan Horse Venus Direct-to-video
1999 Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century Zenon Kar Television film
Belle's Tales of Friendship Kirsten Direct-to-video
Love Letters Teenaged Melissa Television film
Johnny Tsunami Emily Television film
2001 Zenon: The Zequel Zenon Kar Television film
2001–05 Express Yourself Herself Interstitial series
2003 Kim Possible: A Stitch in Time Bonnie Rockwaller (voice) Television film
2004 Zenon: Z3 Zenon Kar Television film
2005 Kim Possible: So the Drama Bonnie Rockwaller (voice) Television film
2011 Nice Guys Finish Last Hot Girl short
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Second Noah Ashley 2 episodes
1998 You Wish Betsey Episode: "All in the Family Room"
Any Day Now Lydia Episode: "It's Called Depression"
7th Heaven Laura Cummings 3 episodes
1999 Movie Stars Mandy Silverman Episode: "Like Father, Like Son"
Sing Me a Story with Belle Kirsten 2 episodes
1999–2004 Days of Our Lives Belle Black Series regular
2002–07 Kim Possible Bonnie Rockwaller (voice) 39 episodes
2003 That's So Raven Nicki Episode: "The Parties"
2004–05 Clubhouse Betsey Young 11 episodes
2005 CSI: Miami Missy Marshall Episode: "Cop Killer"
2005–present General Hospital Maxie Jones Series regular
2006 Skater Boys Jessica Gordon 2 episodes
2007 General Hospital: Night Shift Maxie Jones 5 episodes
2015 Winterthorne Selene Winterthorne 1 episode
Awards and nominations[edit]
List of acting awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Title
Result
Ref.
2000
Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Movie or Pilot: Leading Young Actress Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century Nominated [27]
2001
Young Artist Award Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series: Young Actress Days of Our Lives Nominated [28]
2001 Soap Opera Digest Award Outstanding Child Actor Days of our Lives Won [29]
2002 Young Artist Award Best Performance in a TV Drama Series: Leading Young Actress Days of our Lives Won [30]
2003 Soap Opera Digest Award Outstanding Younger Lead Actress Days of our Lives Nominated [31]
2005 Soap Opera Digest Award Favorite Triangle (shared with Charity Rahmer, Martha Madison, Kyle Brandt and Jason Cook) Days of our Lives Nominated [32]
2009 Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series General Hospital Nominated [6][33]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Novakovich, Lilana (June 30, 2001). "She grew up to become a soap star". The Colbalt Daily Nuggei. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Havens, Candance (June 25, 2000). "'Days' Star Storms Weathers Fan Backlash". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cohn, Paulette (September 5, 2004). "Kirsten Takes 'Clubhouse' by Storm". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Days of Our Lives' Finally on Target". Star-News. October 2, 2002. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Reichardt, Nancy M. (July 28, 2004). "But the face just doesn't ring a Belle". Star-News. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "And The Winners Are..." Soap Opera Digest. soapoperadigest.com. March 2, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'General Hospital': Kirsten Storms opens up about return". Orlando Sentinel. orlandosentinel.com. August 9, 2012. Archived from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ SOD (January 9, 2012). "EXCLUSIVE! GH's Storms Returns". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "GH's Lilley Staying". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. February 14, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Huge GH News". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. January 21, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Simms, Richard M. (January 20, 2012). "Storms Not Returning! Lilley To Stay At GH!". ABC Soaps In Depth. ABC.soapsindepth.com. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Simms, Richard M. (July 23, 2012). "Storms Is Back As Maxie". ABC Soaps In Depth. ABC.Soapsindepth.com. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kirsten Storms Back To Work At GH". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tune In For GH's Storms". Soap Opera Digest. soapoperadigest.com. September 5, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.soapoperaspy.com/2017/general-hospital-spoilers-will-gh-recast-maxie-jones-again-following-kirsten-storms-leave/
Jump up ^ "Watch The Winterthorne First Trailer … Where Candy and Drama Come Together!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. May 22, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mulcahy, Jr., Kevin (August 27, 2015). "Watch the Premiere of Michael Caruso's Winterthorne". We Love Soaps. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kerr, Luke (May 22, 2015). "Winterthorne Debuts Epic First Trailer". Daytime Confidential. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (September 12, 2007). "Disney, 'General Hospital' Actress Kirsten Storms Arrested for Investigation of DUI". FOX News. foxnews.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "General Hospital - News Briefs". SoapOperaDigest.com. September 20, 2007. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
Jump up ^ Lee, Kenn (November 7, 2007). "General Hospital's Kirsten Storms Pleads No Contest to DUI". People Magazine. people.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (July 28, 2011). "E! set to premiere new reality show, "Dirty Soap" with some of your favorite stars!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. michaelfairmansoaps.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "First Look at DIRTY SOAP". Soap Opera Digest. SoapOperaDiegst.com. August 27, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rizzo, Monica (August 20, 2013). "Baby Girl on the Way for Newlywed Kirsten Storms". People. Time Inc. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Kirsten Storms, Brandon Barash Welcome Baby Girl Harper Rose: Picture - Us Weekly". usmagazine.com. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/exclusive-real-life-gh-couple-splits
Jump up ^ "21st Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
Jump up ^ "22nd Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
Jump up ^ "The Soap Opera Digest Awards: 2001". Soap Opera Digest. soapoperadigest.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "23rd Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
Jump up ^ "Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (2003)". Internet Movie Database. April 5, 2003. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Event: Soap Opera Digest Awards (2005)". Internet Movie Database. February 22, 2005. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 36th Annual Daytime Entertainment Emmy Award Nominations". National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. emmyonline.org. May 14, 2009. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
External links[edit]
Kirsten Storms on IMDb
Kirsten Storms on Twitter
Kirsten Storms on Instagram
Kirsten Storms on Facebook
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 61243966
LCCN: no2003112323
ISNI: 0000 0000 4442 2214
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirsten_Storms&oldid=825972298"
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p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Стормс, Кирстен – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Kirsten_Storms rootpage-Kirsten_Storms skin-vector action-view