text:
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 6)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic Season 6
DVD cover
Country of origin
United States
Canada
No. of episodes
26
Release
Original network
Discovery Family
Original release
March 26 (2016-03-26) – October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 5
Next →
Season 7
List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episodes
The sixth season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or "G4", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 6 of the series premiered on March 26, 2016 on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 22, 2016.
The show follows a pony named Twilight Sparkle as she learns about friendship in the town of Ponyville. Twilight continues to learn with her close friends Applejack, Rarity, Fluttershy, Rainbow Dash and Pinkie Pie. Each represents a different face of friendship, and Twilight discovers herself to be a key part of the magical artifacts, the "Elements of Harmony". The ponies share adventures and help out other residents of Ponyville, while working out the troublesome moments in their own friendships.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Promotion
3 Cast
3.1 Main
3.2 Recurring
3.3 Minor
3.3.1 Single roles
3.3.2 Multiple roles
3.4 Guest stars
3.4.1 Single role
3.4.2 Multiple roles
4 Episodes
5 Notes
6 Songs
7 DVD release
8 References
Development[edit]
On March 31, 2015, Discovery Family announced via press release a sixth season for the series.[1][2] On January 28, 2016, Yahoo Entertainment released an exclusive clip from the show's upcoming sixth season depicting the baby daughter of Princess Cadance and Shining Armor, Flurry Heart, who will be introduced into the season as a new character.[3] On March 7, 2016, a Game of Thrones-style teaser trailer for the season was released, hinting several locations of that season.[4] Ed Valentine, writer of the Season 4 episodes "Flight to the Finish" and "Three's a Crowd" with the latter being a collaboration alongside headwriter Meghan McCarthy, confirmed via Twitter that he wrote two episodes for Season 6.[5]
Season 6 is the first season of the show without Jayson Thiessen, the supervising director who stepped down after the show's first half of its fifth season to focus on the upcoming 2017 theatrical film adaptation. However, he was a consulting director in its second half. Production was then overseen by Jim Miller, with Josh Haber promoted as the show's new Story Editor, while Tim Stuby serves as the show's director alongside Denny Lu. Season 6 is also the first season of the show to be executive produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment's co-founder Asaph Fipke, having previously co-executive produced by Thiessen and McCarthy in the fourth and fifth seasons.
Promotion[edit]
At the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con, while the show was in its fifth season, it was revealed that there will be an episode involving Fluttershy having a brother.[6] However, in regards to whether Fluttershy's brother would be appearing in season five or not, director Jim Miller simply responded via Twitter "not [season five]".[7]
One of the songs from the season's Christmas-themed episode was first previewed at the 2016 American Toy Fair in New York City.[8]
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Tara Strong as Twilight Sparkle
Rebecca Shoichet as Twilight Sparkle (singing voice)
Tabitha St. Germain as Rarity
Kazumi Evans as Rarity (singing voice)
Ashleigh Ball as Applejack and Rainbow Dash
Andrea Libman as Fluttershy and Pinkie Pie
Shannon Chan-Kent as Pinkie Pie (singing voice); Libman occasionally
Cathy Weseluck as Spike
Recurring[edit]
Kelly Sheridan as Starlight Glimmer
Nicole Oliver as Princess Celestia
Tabitha St. Germain as Princess Luna
Aloma Steele as Princess Luna (singing voice)
The Cutie Mark Crusaders
Michelle Creber as Apple Bloom
Madeleine Peters as Scootaloo
Claire Corlett as Sweetie Belle
Minor[edit]
Single roles[edit]
Andrew Francis as Shining Armor
Britt McKillip as Princess Cadance
Ian Hanlin as Sunburst
Ingrid Nilson as Maud Pie
Peter New as Big McIntosh
Michael Dobson as Bulk Biceps
Richard Newman as Cranky Doodle
Kelly Metzger as Spitfire
Matt Hill as Soarin
Andrea Libman as Fleetfoot
Kelly Sheridan as Misty Fly
Cathy Weseluck as Miss Pommel
Chantal Strand as Spoiled Rich
Chiara Zanni as A.K. Yearling/Daring Do
Nicole Oliver as Cheerilee
Richard Ian Cox as Snails
Lee Tockar as Snips
Kyle Rideout as Thorax
John de Lancie as Discord
Scott McNeil as Flam
Multiple roles[edit]
Tabitha St. Germain as Flurry Heart, Mrs. Cake, Aloe, and Granny Smith
Kathleen Barr as Trixie Lulamoon and Queen Chrysalis
Samuel Vincent as Flim and Party Favor
Brian Drummond as Filthy Rich and Double Diamond
Rebecca Shoichet as Sugar Belle and Night Glider
Guest stars[edit]
Single role[edit]
Andrew Francis as Mr. Sparkle
Tara Strong as Mrs. Sparkle
James Higuchi as Pouch Pony
Tabitha St. Germain as Hoofer Steps
Travis Turner as Tender Taps
Vincent Tong as Garble
Matt Cowlrick as Dragon Lord Torch
Ali Milner as Princess Ember
Terry Klassen as Hoops
William Samples as Professor Flintheart
Lili Beaudoin as Plaid Stripes
Caitlyn Bairstow as Blue Bobbin
Colleen Winton as Mrs. Shy
David Godfrey as Mr. Shy
Ryan Beil as Zephyr Breeze
Diana Kaarina as Saffron Masala
Lee Tockar as Coriander Cumin
Jim Miller as Chargrill Breadwinner
Fiona Hogan as Zesty Gourmand
Enid-Raye Adams as Orange Slice
Patton Oswalt as Quibble Pants
Michael Dobson as Dr. Caballeron
Peter New as Squizard
Michael Daingerfield as Braeburn
Erin Mathews as Gabby
David Stuart as Petunia's father
Jim Byrnes as Gladmane
Andrea Libman as Bernard Rabbit
Zara Durrani as Trapeze Star
Alexis Heule as Angel Wings
Emmett Hall as Sky Stinger
Rhona Rees as Vapor Trail
Kelly Sheridan as Vapor's mom
Peter Kelamis as Vapor's dad
Ian Hanlin as Twilight Changeling
Multiple roles[edit]
Alan Marriott as Buried Lede and Mr. Stripes
Jason Simpson as Spa Worker and Line Pony
Kelli Ogmundson as Petunia's mother and Petunia Paleo
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
118
1 "The Crystalling" (Part 1) Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Josh Haber March 26, 2016 (2016-03-26) 0.38[9]
Twilight Sparkle and her friends are invited to the Crystal Empire to attend the Crystalling, a magical ceremony honoring the birth of Princess Cadance and Shining Armor's foal. Twilight brings her new pupil Starlight Glimmer to the empire to reconnect with Sunburst, her estranged childhood friend, as part of her first friendship lesson. Starlight, however, is anxious to keep Sunburst from learning of her past villainy and tries to avoid the reunion. The two eventually meet, and following an awkward conversation with him, Starlight assumes Sunburst to be a successful wizard who has moved on from their friendship. Meanwhile, Twilight is shocked to discover the foal is an alicorn filly with powerful, uncontrollable magic. The filly's cries shatter the Crystal Heart that protects the Empire, leaving the city exposed to a deadly snowstorm.
119
2 "The Crystalling" (Part 2) Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Josh Haber March 26, 2016 (2016-03-26) 0.37[9]
The ponies desperately search for a spell to restore the Crystal Heart and save the Crystal Empire from the arctic snow. Starlight believes Sunburst is capable of such a feat, but when she goes to retrieve him, he despairingly admits he is not a powerful wizard as she believes. Starlight reveals her own past mistakes to him, and the two reconcile. Using the knowledge he gained from his schooling, Sunburst helps Starlight and the princesses perform the Crystalling, which repairs the heart, staves off the storm, and brings the alicorn filly's magic under control. Shining Armor and Cadance name their daughter Flurry Heart to mark the occasion and choose Sunburst as her crystaller.
120
3 "The Gift of the Maud Pie" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Michael P. Fox, Wil Fox, and Josh Haber
Teleplay by : Michael P. Fox and Wil Fox April 2, 2016 (2016-04-02) 0.21[10]
Pinkie Pie joins Rarity on a business trip to Manehattan for an annual sightseeing tour and gift exchange with her sister Maud. As Rarity keeps Maud distracted, Pinkie tries to buy a fancy pouch for Maud's pet rock Boulder, hoping to be able to give a gift as good as the ones Maud always gets for her. The pouch store is closed, but Rarity spots a stallion with the very pouch that Pinkie wants; he trades it for Pinkie's party cannon. After Maud gives Pinkie her gift—confetti for the cannon—she learns what Pinkie has done and returns the pouch for the cannon, telling Pinkie not to treat their gift exchange like a competition.
121
4 "On Your Marks" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Dave Polsky
Teleplay by : Josh Haber and Dave Polsky April 9, 2016 (2016-04-09) 0.30[11]
Finally having their cutie marks and understanding their purpose in life, the Cutie Mark Crusaders set out to help other ponies who lack or are discontent with their own cutie marks. They are unable to find many cutie mark problems, however, so the three split up to pursue their own interests in the meantime. Feeling alone and indecisive, Apple Bloom takes up ballet and encounters Tender Taps, a blank flank colt who suffers from performance anxiety despite his talent for tap dancing. The Crusaders help Tender Taps overcome his fear and earn his cutie mark, themselves realizing that they can use their experiences apart to help others.
122
5 "Gauntlet of Fire" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Joanna Lewis and Kristine Songco April 16, 2016 (2016-04-16)
N/A
Spike and numerous other dragons are summoned to the Dragon Lands to participate in the Gauntlet of Fire, a perilous challenge designed to dub the new Dragon Lord. Spike initially has no interest in competing, but changes his mind upon realizing that the other competitors—including Garble, who holds a grudge against Spike and his friends—are eager to use the position to pillage Equestria. Receiving support from Twilight and Rarity, Spike saves the life of Princess Ember, the daughter of the current Dragon Lord Torch, who has secretly entered the gauntlet to prove herself a worthy leader. Initially reluctant, Ember teams up with Spike and helps him claim the scepter that determines the winner, forcing Garble to stand down when he attacks his friends. Spike then passes the scepter onto Ember, declaring her the true Dragon Lord.
123
6 "No Second Prances" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Nick Confalone April 30, 2016 (2016-04-30) 0.26[12]
Twilight instructs Starlight to make a new friend in Ponyville to invite to a dinner party with Princess Celestia. After her other efforts come up short, Starlight meets Twilight's former adversary Trixie and relates with her over their mutual search for forgiveness for their past villainy. Twilight disapproves of their friendship, doubting Trixie's intentions despite previously forgiving her. Appalled by Twilight's lack of trust, Starlight opts to skip the dinner to act as Trixie's assistant for a magic stunt. When Twilight confronts the two before the show, Trixie thoughtlessly brags that she has been using her friendship with Starlight in an act of revenge against Twilight, devastating Starlight. Noticing Trixie's heartbreak over deceiving her friend, Twilight convinces Starlight to give Trixie another chance. Starlight helps Trixie complete her stunt just in time, and the three ponies make amends.
124
7 "Newbie Dash" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Dave Polsky and Dave Rapp
Teleplay by : Dave Rapp May 7, 2016 (2016-05-07) 0.19[13]
Rainbow Dash finally joins the Wonderbolts after one of its members retires. During her first day of flight practice, Rainbow Dash makes a novice mistake and crashes into a trash can, leading her teammates to calling her "Rainbow Crash", a nickname previously used by bullies. Hurt by this nickname, Rainbow Dash tries to find other ways to change the others' impression of her by mimicking her friends, to no avail. When the Wonderbolts perform a show in Ponyville, Rainbow Dash enlists Scootaloo's help to perform an unscheduled stunt to impress them, but it backfires and results in her suffering an even more disastrous crash. After the show, the Wonderbolts explain to Rainbow Dash that they all have humiliating nicknames, and that they already regard her highly for her past accomplishments. They keep her on the team, though Spitfire puts her on a month-long probation for her actions.
125
8 "A Hearth's Warming Tail" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Michael Vogel May 14, 2016 (2016-05-14)
N/A
On Hearth's Warming Eve, Twilight reads Starlight her favorite holiday story, A Hearth's Warming Tail (a pastiche of A Christmas Carol), to help her better appreciate the season. In the story, Snowfall Frost (Starlight) is a cold-hearted unicorn who despises Hearth's Warming, so she brews a magic potion meant to erase the holiday from existence. Her actions draw the attention of three spirits, who intend to dissuade her from casting the spell by showing her visions of various Hearth's Warming scenes. First, the Spirit of Hearth's Warming Past (Applejack) reminds Snowfall of the holiday spirit she abandoned in her youth to focus on her studies. Next, the Spirit of Hearth's Warming "Presents" (Pinkie Pie) helps Snowfall understand the spirit of friendship that the holiday represents. Finally, the Spirit of Hearth's Warming Yet to Come (Princess Luna) reveals that Snowfall's spell would leave Equestria defenseless against the windigos' eternal winter, which convinces Snowfall to change her ways. After the story ends, Starlight similarly realizes the importance of Hearth's Warming and joins her friends in the festivities.
126
9 "The Saddle Row Review" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Nick Confalone May 21, 2016 (2016-05-21) 0.25[14]
Rarity and her friends are interviewed for a newspaper review of Rarity's new boutique in Manehattan. While Rarity believes the store's grand opening was a perfect success, her friends candidly recount their numerous blunders and last-minute solutions that they hid from Rarity during preparations. With their mistakes exposed in the review, the ponies fear Rarity's disappointment in them for almost ruining the opening. To their surprise, the review ends with a glowing assessment of Rarity and her friends' individual contributions that have helped ensure the store's success.
127
10 "Applejack's "Day" Off" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Neal Dusedau, Michael P. Fox, and Wil Fox
Teleplay by : Michael P. Fox and Wil Fox May 28, 2016 (2016-05-28) 0.23[15]
Rarity wishes to spend time with Applejack at the spa, but Applejack is too busy to make good on her promises. Twilight and Spike agree to do Applejack's chores per her exact instructions, freeing up an hour for Applejack to spend with Rarity. To Rarity's annoyance, Applejack spends most of this time fixing the spa's plumbing, which has been inadvertently causing larger problems around the spa. Applejack returns to the farm to find that Twilight and Spike have not yet completed their task due to too many unnecessary steps in Applejack's instructions. Twilight, Spike and Rarity help Applejack streamline her workload, finally allowing her to take the rest of the day off.
128
11 "Flutter Brutter" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Meghan McCarthy
Teleplay by : Dave Rapp June 4, 2016 (2016-06-04)
N/A
Fluttershy's younger brother Zephyr Breeze moves into their parents' house after his attempt to become a mane therapist goes wrong. Fluttershy convinces Zephyr to move out, only for him to move into Fluttershy's cottage. She tries to help him find a job, but he manages to find ways to avoid doing any work, so she kicks him out. Later feeling sorry for Zephyr when he takes up living in the woods, Fluttershy understands that he feels unable to do anything because of his fear of failure. Receiving encouragement from Fluttershy to keep trying despite his frustrations, Zephyr commits to becoming a mane stylist and eventually graduates from his class.
129
12 "Spice Up Your Life" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Michael Vogel June 11, 2016 (2016-06-11)
N/A
Pinkie Pie and Rarity are called to Canterlot by the reactivated Cutie Map to solve a friendship problem. There they find the Tasty Treat, a struggling Indian-style restaurant where the owner, Coriander Cumin, and his chef daughter, Saffron Masala, are too busy arguing with each other to help their business. Pinkie and Rarity decide to help give the restaurant a positive review from well-known food critic Zesty Gourmand, but because of their conflicting views—Rarity encouraging Coriander to conform to Zesty's specific standards, and Pinkie encouraging Saffron to be unique—their efforts fail to impress Zesty. Undeterred, the duo manage to reconcile their differences to bring an audience of ponies to the restaurant in defiance of Zesty's dictatorial opinions about food, renewing Coriander and Saffron's passion for cooking.
130
13 "Stranger Than Fan Fiction" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Josh Haber and Michael Vogel July 30, 2016 (2016-07-30) 0.25[16]
Rainbow Dash attends a Daring Do convention where she meets another avid fan named Quibble Pants. The two quickly become friends until Quibble Pants criticizes the newer Daring Do books as unrealistic, which upsets Rainbow Dash, who secretly knows Daring Do is real. Daring Do approaches Rainbow Dash for help looking out for Dr. Caballeron, who is following her in her search for a priceless artifact in a jungle temple. After Rainbow Dash runs into Quibble Pants again and makes a scene, Caballeron abducts them both and takes them into the jungle. Quibble Pants believes their adventure to the temple is all a staged role-play until a fantastic creature nearly eats them. Daring Do arrives and saves the two, finally convincing Quibble Pants that her stories are true. He and Rainbow Dash help Daring Do find the artifact and escape the temple, after which Daring Do gets rid of Caballeron and directs the two to safety. As they return to the convention, Quibble Pants admits that he still dislikes the newer books, but has come to respect what Rainbow Dash admires about them, mending their friendship.
131
14 "The Cart Before the Ponies" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Ed Valentine and Michael Vogel
Teleplay by : Ed Valentine August 6, 2016 (2016-08-06)
N/A
Ponyville holds its annual Applewood Derby, a kart race where the school children are to drive their own self-made vehicles with the help of older ponies. The Cutie Mark Crusaders enlist Rainbow Dash, Applejack and Rarity to assist with their karts, but the mares get carried away in their excitement for the derby and completely ignore the different design ideas that the fillies want to try, and eventually take over as drivers. During the race, the mares crash into each other and destroy their karts in a pile-up. The Crusaders yell at Applejack, Rarity and Rainbow Dash for ruining the derby, causing the three mares to apologize while also telling the fillies not to assume that their elders always know best. The mares help the fillies rebuild their karts the way they want, sitting out to let the Crusaders enjoy the derby.
132
15 "28 Pranks Later" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Meghan McCarthy
Teleplay by : F.M. De Marco August 13, 2016 (2016-08-13) 0.20[17]
Rainbow Dash begins a pranking spree around Ponyville, irritating her friends, who find her jokes unfunny and hurtful. Failing to reason with Rainbow Dash, the townspeople send Pinkie Pie—the only pony not offended by the pranks—to convince her to stop. Instead, Rainbow Dash divulges her plan to prank the entire town with joke cookies made to turn their mouths rainbow-colored, feeding one to Pinkie as a demonstration. Later, Pinkie falls sick with an appetite for more joke cookies while Rainbow Dash helps sell them around town. That night, Rainbow Dash checks on Pinkie to find that the cookies have turned her and everyone else in town into cookie-craving zombies. Once a terrified Rainbow Dash apologizes for her prank, the townspeople reveal the entire outbreak to be an elaborate prank devised by Pinkie to teach her to stop taking her jokes too far.
133
16 "The Times They Are a Changeling" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Kevin Burke, Michael Vogel, and Chris "Doc" Wyatt
Teleplay by : Kevin Burke and Chris "Doc" Wyatt August 20, 2016 (2016-08-20) 0.27[18]
During a visit to the Crystal Empire, Twilight, Starlight and Spike find the city in a state of panic over a changeling sighting. After getting lost during the search effort, Spike is rescued by the changeling, Thorax, from falling down a chasm. Realizing that Thorax only wants to make friends despite facing prejudice from other ponies, Spike introduces a disguised Thorax to the city as a longtime friend named "Crystal Hoof". When Spike shows Princess Flurry Heart to him, however, the baby's love overwhelms Thorax, which causes him to drop his disguise; Spike struggles to stand up for Thorax as his friends chase the changeling away. Feeling guilty, Spike reunites with Thorax and defends him against the other ponies, professing that Thorax is his friend and deserves another chance like anyone else. His impassioned plea touches the other ponies, who welcome Thorax into their community.
134
17 "Dungeons & Discords" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Nick Confalone August 27, 2016 (2016-08-27) 0.28[19]
Discord becomes lonely when Fluttershy embarks on a trip to Yakyakistan with her friends. Feeling sorry for Discord, Spike and Big McIntosh invite him to their get-together to cheer him up while the others are away. To Discord's disappointment, their evening involves playing a tabletop role-playing game called Ogres & Oubliettes; he quickly grows bored and attempts to take over the evening with his own ideas of fun. When Spike and Big Mac remain adamant in playing their game, Discord angrily teleports them to a dimension where the game's monsters and danger are real. Fed up, the two eject Discord from the game, leaving him dejected once more. The two quickly feel guilty and allow him to stay, finding that his real-life version of their game is much more entertaining. The other ponies return to find the three enjoying a toned-down version of the game.
135
18 "Buckball Season" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Jennifer Skelly September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
N/A
Applejack is challenged by her cousin Braeburn to a game of "buckball" in Appleloosa. While recruiting new players for Ponyville's team, she and Rainbow Dash are surprised to find that Pinkie Pie and Fluttershy are much better players than they are, and let the two take their place; Snails is also recruited for his unexpected ball-catching skills. Applejack and Rainbow Dash put the two through rigorous training exercises, causing Pinkie and Fluttershy to feel pressured and lose their edge. When Applejack and Rainbow Dash try encouraging them by gathering all of Ponyville to cheer them on, Pinkie and Fluttershy fear disappointing the town and refuse to play. Applejack and Rainbow Dash realize their competitiveness has ruined the sport for Pinkie and Fluttershy, who play best when having fun. To rebuild their confidence, Applejack and Rainbow Dash convince the two to help them practice. Pinkie and Fluttershy regain their love of the sport, motivating them to win the game against Appleloosa.
136
19 "The Fault in Our Cutie Marks" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Josh Haber and Meghan McCarthy
Teleplay by : Ed Valentine September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)[nb 1]
N/A
The Cutie Mark Crusaders are approached by Gabby, a griffon who is obsessed with cutie marks and desires one for herself. Not knowing if it is possible for griffons to have cutie marks, the Crusaders try anyway by taking Gabby through a list of helpful activities to see if she gets one. Although Gabby excels at everything she attempts, no cutie mark appears, and the Crusaders despair that their task is impossible. Feeling sorry for the Crusaders, Gabby surprises them by revealing a fake cutie mark she has "earned", but the three soon discover the truth when she suddenly tries to leave. The fillies determine that, despite her lack of a mark, Gabby still has a purpose in life by helping others, and they name her an honorary member of the Cutie Mark Crusaders.
137
20 "Viva Las Pegasus" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Kevin Burke, Michael Vogel, and Chris "Doc" Wyatt
Teleplay by : Kevin Burke and Chris "Doc" Wyatt September 17, 2016 (2016-09-17)
N/A
The Cutie Map sends Applejack and Fluttershy to a popular Las Pegasus resort run by a generous pony named Gladmane. The two have trouble finding a friendship problem to solve until they encounter con artist brothers Flim and Flam in the middle of a feud. Fluttershy speculates that their mission is to help the brothers reconcile, but Applejack refuses out of her family's bitter history with the two. Searching for problems elsewhere, they discover that Gladmane has been starting arguments between his employees, including Flim and Flam, in a ploy to gain their trust and continued services at the resort. Applejack reluctantly helps end Flim and Flam's argument, realizing the brothers' conniving ways are necessary to stopping Gladmane, and the four devise an elaborate scheme that tricks Gladmane into publicly exposing his plans. Although the mission is a success, Flim and Flam promptly take over the establishment to resume their scamming business together.
138
21 "Every Little Thing She Does" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Michael Vogel September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24) 0.21[21]
Twilight notices that Starlight's progress with her friendship lessons has been slacking, so she assigns her with several activities to do with their five friends while she and Spike are away in Canterlot for the day. Desperate to complete all her lessons at once to impress Twilight, Starlight hypnotizes the five ponies into carrying out their individual activities, but Starlight's poor directions cause them to make a total mess of the castle. Upon returning, Twilight lifts the spell on the five and admonishes Starlight, saying that the true purpose of the activities was to get to know her friends more. After Starlight apologizes to them, the five help her clean up the castle, and Starlight manages to complete her lessons in one day.
139
22 "P.P.O.V. (Pony Point of View)" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Kevin Burke, Michael P. Fox, Wil Fox, and Chris "Doc" Wyatt
Teleplay by : Michael P. Fox and Wil Fox October 1, 2016 (2016-10-01) 0.19[22]
A furious Rarity, Pinkie Pie, and Applejack return from a disastrous boating trip, refusing to speak to each other. Twilight and Spike question the three over what went wrong, each giving a contradictory story that ends with their boat capsizing: Rarity blames Applejack for ruining her luxury cruise idea by steering the boat into a storm; Pinkie Pie blames Rarity for getting rid of her party snacks; and Applejack blames both Rarity and Pinkie Pie for disrupting her planned seafaring treasure hunt. After comparing the stories, Twilight notices a common thread in the form of a plate of cucumber sandwiches falling into bubbling water. She brings the three on another cruise and proves that a cucumber-eating sea monster is responsible for sinking the boat. The three realize they have been fighting for no reason, and they promise to talk out their differences in the future.
140
23 "Where the Apple Lies" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Meghan McCarthy and Dave Rapp
Teleplay by : Dave Rapp October 8, 2016 (2016-10-08) 0.27[23]
After Apple Bloom tells a white lie to hide a mistake, her family tells her a story of an even bigger fiasco caused by a series of lies told by Applejack. In a flashback, Granny Smith disapproves of a rash business deal Applejack makes with Filthy Rich, who threatens to end business with the Apple family when Applejack tries to withdraw the deal. Because her family relies on the Rich family's funds, Applejack stops Filthy Rich by falsely claiming that Granny is sick. To keep him from learning the truth, Applejack continues to lie by saying Granny is hospitalized with apple blight. When he and his future wife Spoiled Milk go to visit her, Applejack convinces Granny to come to the hospital in a doctor's disguise and leaves her reluctant brother Big McIntosh to pose as Granny, who obliviously prepares to perform public surgery on him. This forces Applejack to tell everyone the truth, resulting in her present value of honesty.
141
24 "Top Bolt" Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Story by : Joanna Lewis, Meghan McCarthy, and Kristine Songco
Teleplay by : Joanna Lewis and Kristine Songco October 15, 2016 (2016-10-15)[nb 2]
N/A
The map calls Rainbow Dash and Twilight to the Wonderbolt Academy to solve a friendship problem between two trainees: the talented Sky Stinger and his seemingly less skilled partner Vapor Trail. While observing the two, Rainbow Dash and Twilight recognize that Vapor Trail, who dislikes being the center of attention, has been silently providing wind support for Sky Stinger, who fails to notice his own poor flight performance without her. Rainbow Dash and Twilight attempt to train the two separately while keeping Sky Stinger from finding out Vapor Trail's actions to maintain his confidence. When he cockily refuses to cooperate, Vapor Trail blurts the truth to him, which ruins their friendship. Realizing they have approached the problem the wrong way, Rainbow Dash and Twilight persuade the two to help each other, successfully allowing them to pass the academy entrance exam.
142
25 "To Where and Back Again" (Part 1) Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Josh Haber and Michael Vogel October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)[nb 3] 0.26[26]
Starlight is invited to attend a festival at her former village. Remembering her cruel dictatorship of the town, Starlight fears the villagers have not fully forgiven her, so she brings Trixie to accompany her. The villagers happily put Starlight in charge of the festivities, but she feels overwhelmed and flees. She and Trixie return to Ponyville to find Twilight and her friends being strangely dismissive of Starlight's misfortune at the village, despite earlier showing their support. During a nightmare that night, Princess Luna alerts Starlight that the changelings have replaced herself and all of Equestria's protectors, including Twilight and her friends, in their plan to conquer Equestria; Thorax also approaches to warn Starlight and Trixie of his kind's occupation of the Crystal Empire. Discord, the ponies' last remaining powerful ally in Equestria, transports himself, Starlight, Trixie and Thorax to the changelings' kingdom, where their friends are being held.
143
26 "To Where and Back Again" (Part 2) Denny Lu and Tim Stuby Josh Haber and Michael Vogel October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)[nb 4] 0.24[26]
Starlight, Trixie, Thorax and Discord mount a rescue of their friends from the Changeling Kingdom, where their magic is negated by the power of Queen Chrysalis's enchanted throne. The others turn to Starlight to lead them; though hesitant, Starlight manages to direct the others in misguiding the changeling drones they encounter. When Discord is caught in a trap of Fluttershy impersonators, Trixie sacrifices herself to his impostor so Starlight and Thorax can find and destroy Chrysalis's throne. Thorax attempts to distract Chrysalis by disguising himself as Starlight, but Chrysalis sees through his deception and begins forcefully draining the love he has accumulated from the Crystal Empire. Encouraged by Starlight, Thorax willingly gives Chrysalis his love, causing a powerful burst of magic that metamorphoses him into a new form. His transformation inspires the other changelings to do the same, destroying the throne and freeing all of Starlight's captured friends. Rejecting Starlight's offer for redemption, Chrysalis vows revenge and flees. Thorax becomes the hive's new leader while Starlight returns to her village's festival with her friends.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Polish dub of this episode aired on September 7, 2016 in Poland (MiniMini+).[20]
Jump up ^ This episode aired on October 10, 2016 in the United Kingdom (Tiny Pop).[24]
Jump up ^ This episode aired on October 6, 2016 in the United Kingdom (Tiny Pop).[25]
Jump up ^ This episode aired on October 7, 2016 in the United Kingdom (Tiny Pop).[27]
Songs[edit]
Main article: List of songs in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic § Season 6 (2016)
DVD release[edit]
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic: Season Six
Set details
Special features
26 episodes
4-disc set
16:9 aspect ratio
Subtitles: English
2016 San Diego Comic Con Panel
Sing-Alongs
Release dates
Region 1
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)[28]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Discovery Family, Velocity & More Unveil New Series – Upfronts". Deadline.com. 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
Jump up ^ Miller, Jim (2015-04-01), ["Friendship is Magic: Season 6" confirmation], Twitter, retrieved 2015-04-01.
Jump up ^ Heldman, Breanne (2016-01-28). "'My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic': First Look at Baby Flurry Heart Will Warm Your Soul". Yahoo Entertainment. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
Jump up ^ "MLP: Friendship is Magic Season 6 | Official Teaser Trailer". My Little Pony Official. 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ Valentine, Ed (2016-05-03), [Ed Valentine's 2 Season 6 episodes credit confirmation], Twitter, retrieved 2016-05-04
Jump up ^ Sethisto (2015-07-10). "SDCC - Pony Panel Major News Points (15+ Updates)". Equestria Daily. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
Jump up ^ Miller, Jim (2015-10-03). "[Fluttershy's brother not in "Friendship is Magic: Season 5" confirmation]". Twitter. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
Jump up ^ Sethisto (2016-02-13). "New Hearthswarming Eve Season 6 Song Revealed at Toy Fair 2016". Equestria Daily. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (2016-03-29). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.26.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-04-05). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.2.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-04-12). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.9.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-05-03). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.30.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-05-10). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.7.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-05-10.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-05-24). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.21.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-06-01). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.28.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-08-02). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 7.30.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-08-16). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.13.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-08-23). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.20.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-08-30). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 8.27.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
Jump up ^ Sethisto (September 7, 2016). "Polish TV Already Aired Upcoming "Fault in Our Cutie Marks" Episode (Update: Now on Youtube)". Equestria Daily. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-09-27). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 9.24.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-10-04). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.1.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (2016-10-11). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.8.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-10-11.
Jump up ^ Sethisto (October 9, 2016). "UK - Season 6 Episode 24 - Top Bolt - Stream / Discussion". Equestria Daily. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calpain (October 5, 2016). "(It Aired!) UK - Season 6 Episode 25 - To Where and Back Again - Stream / Discussion (It Aired!)". Equestria Daily. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (2016-10-25). "ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 10.22.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
Jump up ^ Sethisto (October 7, 2016). "UK - Season 6 Episode 26 - To Where and Back Again Parr [sic] 2 - Stream / Discussion". Equestria Daily. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic: Season Six". Shout! Factory. 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2017-08-02.
[hide]
v
t
e
My Little Pony (2010–present; including Friendship Is Magic television series)
Media
Animation
Friendship Is Magic
characters
episodes
songs
DVD releases
setting
My Little Pony: The Movie (2017)
soundtrack
Software
Twilight Sparkle, Teacher for a Day
Gameloft video game
Other
IDW comics
Issues
Collectible card game
TV episodes
Season 1 (2010–2011)
"The Cutie Mark Chronicles"
Season 2 (2011–2012)
"The Return of Harmony"
"Hearts and Hooves Day"
"A Canterlot Wedding"
Season 3 (2012–2013)
"The Crystal Empire"
"Magical Mystery Cure"
Season 4 (2013–2014)
"Pinkie Pride"
"Twilight's Kingdom"
Season 5 (2015)
"The Cutie Map"
"Slice of Life"
Season 6 (2016)
"A Hearth's Warming Tail"
Season 7 (2017)
Fandom
BronyCon
Bronies (documentary film)
A Brony Tale
Them's Fightin' Herds
Related
Discography
Overall history of the franchise
Equestria Girls
(spin-off)
Films
Equestria Girls (2013)
Rainbow Rocks (2014)
Friendship Games (2015)
Legend of Everfree (2016)
Other
Miniseries (2017)
Summertime Shorts (2017)
Category
Book
Project
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic_(season_6)&oldid=802406593"
Categories:
2016 American television seasons
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episodes
Hidden categories:
Infobox television season articles that use the season name parameter
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 September 2017, at 00:02.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #FFFFFF; color: black; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: scope style

values:
row
white-space: nowrap

value: abbr

values: text-align:center;background: #FFFFFF; color: black; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 5)

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 4)

values:
/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International
mw-redirect
San Diego Comic-Con International

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
description
7
border-bottom:solid 3px #FFFFFF

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: background-color: #39A78E; color: white;

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic

values: Template talk:My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #F3D8ED;;width:1%

values: List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic characters

values: List of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic DVD releases

values: My Little Pony: Twilight Sparkle, Teacher for a Day

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (video game)

values: List of My Little Pony comics issued by IDW Publishing

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 1)

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 2)

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 3)

values: Slice of Life (My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic)

values: My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom

values: Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony

values: My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks

values: My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games

values: My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Legend of Everfree

values: My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (miniseries)

values: My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Summertime Shorts

values: Book:My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #F3D8ED;

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:2016 American television seasons

values: Category:My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episodes

values: Category:Infobox television season articles that use the season name parameter

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Episodi di My Little Pony - L'amicizia è magica (sesta stagione) – Italian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-My_Little_Pony_Friendship_Is_Magic_season_6 rootpage-My_Little_Pony_Friendship_Is_Magic_season_6 vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Impressment
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Press gang, British caricature of 1780
Impressment, colloquially, "the press" or the "press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice. Navies of several nations used forced recruitment by various means. The large size of the British Royal Navy in the Age of Sail meant impressment was most commonly associated with Britain. It was used by the Royal Navy in wartime, beginning in 1664 and during the 18th and early 19th centuries as a means of crewing warships, although legal sanction for the practice can be traced back to the time of Edward I of England. The Royal Navy impressed many merchant sailors, as well as some sailors from other, mostly European, nations. People liable to impressment were "eligible men of seafaring habits between the ages of 18 and 55 years". Non-seamen were impressed as well, though rarely.
Impressment was strongly criticized by those who believed it to be contrary to the British constitution; at the time, unlike many of its continental rivals, British subjects were not subject to conscription for any other military service, aside from a brief experiment with army impressment from 1778 to 1780. Though the public opposed conscription in general, impressment was repeatedly upheld by the courts, as it was deemed vital to the strength of the navy and, by extension, to the survival of the British influence and realm.
Impressment was essentially a Royal Navy practice, reflecting the size of the British fleet and its substantial manpower demands. While other European navies applied forced recruitment in times of war, this was generally done as an extension of the practice of formal conscription applied by most European armies from the Napoleonic Wars on. The U.S. Continental Navy also applied a form of impressment during the American War of Independence.
The impressment of seamen from American ships caused serious tensions between Britain and the United States in the years leading up to the War of 1812. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, Britain ended the practice; later conscription was not limited to the Royal Navy but covered all armed forces.
Contents
[hide]
1 Royal Navy recruiting and desertion
2 The Impress Service and impressment at sea
3 Basis
4 British North America
5 Continental Navy
6 Conflict with the United States
7 End of impressment
8 English and later British naval impressment laws
9 British army impressment laws
10 In popular culture
11 See also
12 References
12.1 Bibliography
13 External links
Royal Navy recruiting and desertion[edit]
Working and living conditions for the average sailor in the Royal Navy in the 18th century were harsh by modern standards. Naval pay was attractive in the 1750s, but towards the end of the century its value had been eroded by rising prices.[1] Sailors' pay on merchant ships was somewhat higher during peacetime, and could increase to double naval pay during wartime.[Note 1]
Until 19th century reforms improved conditions, the Royal Navy was additionally known to pay wages up to two years in arrears, and it always withheld six months' pay to discourage desertion. Naval wages had been set in 1653, and were not increased until April 1797 after sailors on 80 ships of the Channel Fleet based at Spithead mutinied.[3][4]
Despite this, there were many volunteers for naval service. The work for individual sailors was less than on merchant ships as the naval crew size was determined by the number needed to man guns, around four times the number of crew needed to sail the ship.[5] Also the food supplied by the Navy was plentiful and good by the standards of the day.[6] The main problem with recruitment, though, was a shortage of qualified seamen during wartime, when the Navy quickly had to recruit an extra 20,000 (early 18th century) to 40,000 men (late 18th century). Privateers, the Royal Navy, and the Merchant Navy all competed for a small pool of ordinary and able seamen in wartime, and all three groups were usually short-handed. The recruitment figures presented to Parliament for the years 1755–1757 list 70,566 men, of whom 33,243 were volunteers (47%), 16,953 pressed men (24%), while another 20,370 were also listed as volunteers separately (29%). Although there are no records that explain why volunteers were separated into two groups, it is likely these were pressed men who became "volunteers" to get the sign-up bonus, two months' wages in advance and a higher wage; it is known large numbers did do this. Volunteering also protected the sailor from creditors, as the law forbade collecting debts accrued before enlistment. The main disadvantage was that enlisted deserters who were recaptured would be hanged, whereas pressed men would simply be returned to service. Other records confirm similar percentages throughout the 18th century.[3]
Average annual recruitment 1736–1783[7]
Dates
Period
Royal Navy
Privateer
Merchant
Total
1736–1738 Peacetime 14,845 35,239 50,084
1739–1748 War of Jenkins' Ear 43,303 2,602 30,392 76,297
1753–1755 Peacetime 17,369 40,862 58,231
1756-1763 Seven Years' War 74,771 3,286 37,584 115,641
1773–1775 Peacetime 18,540 50,903 69,443
1775-1783 American Revolutionary War 67,747 3,749 44,947 116,443
All three groups also suffered high levels of desertion. In the 18th century, British desertion rates on naval ships averaged 25% annually, with slight difference between volunteers and pressed men.[8] The rate of desertion started high, then fell heavily after a few months on board a ship, and generally became negligible after a year — because Navy pay ran months or years in arrears, desertion might mean not only abandoning companions in the ship's company, but also the loss of a large amount of money already earned. If a naval ship had taken a prize, a deserting seaman would also forfeit his share of the prize money. In a report on proposed changes to the RN written by Admiral Nelson in 1803, he noted that since 1793 more than 42,000 sailors had deserted.
The Press-gang: oil painting by Luke Clennell
The Impress Service and impressment at sea[edit]
The Impress Service (colloquially called the "press-gang")[9] was formed to force sailors to serve on naval vessels. There was no concept of "joining the navy" as a fixed career-path for non-officers at the time since seamen remained attached to a ship only for the duration of its commission. They were encouraged to stay in the Navy after the commission but could leave to seek other employment when the ship was paid off. Impressment relied on the legal power of the King to call men to military service, as well as to recruit volunteers (who were paid a bounty upon joining, unlike pressed men). Seamen were not covered by the Magna Carta and "failure to allow oneself to be pressed" was punishable by hanging - although the punishment became less severe over time.[10]
In Elizabethan times a statute regulated impressment as a form of recruitment, and with the introduction of the Vagabonds Act in 1597 men of disrepute (vagrants) found themselves drafted into service. In 1703 an act passed limiting the impressment of men under 18 years of age to those who were not apprenticed. A further act in 1740 raised the maximum age to 55. Although no foreigner could normally be pressed, they lost their protection if they married a British woman or had worked on a British merchant ship for two years. Some governments, including Britain, issued "Protections" against impressment which protected men had to carry on their person at all times; but in times of crisis the Admiralty would order a "hot press", which meant that no-one remained exempt.[9]
The Royal Navy also impressed seamen from inbound British merchant ships at sea, though this was done by individual warships, rather than by the Impress Service. Impressment, particularly press gangs, became consistently unpopular with the British public (as well as in the American colonies), and local officials often acted against them, to the point of imprisoning officers from the Impressment Service, or opposing them by force of arms.
Basis[edit]
At the time of the Battle of Trafalgar over half the Royal Navy's 120,000 sailors were pressed men. The power of the Impressment Service to conscript was limited by law to seafarers, including merchant seamen, longshoremen and fishermen. There is no basis to the widespread impression that civilians without any seafaring background were randomly seized from home, country lane or workplace by press gangs or that the latter were employed inland away from coastal ports.[11] There were however occasions when the local populace would band together to oppose the activities of the press. One such incident, the Easton Massacre, resulted in a press gang firing on a crowd, killing four people in the village of Easton on the Isle of Portland, where they were trying to impress the quarrymen. Finally, convicted petty criminals were often given the option of volunteering for naval service as unskilled "quota men" by inland courts (see below).[12]
This tablet commemorates the Admiralty's (somewhat belated) apology for the murder of two quarrymen (Alexander Andrews and Rick Flann) and one Blacksmith (William Lano), during an illegal attempt to impress them on the Isle of Portland in Dorset on 2 April 1803. A young lady, Mary Way was also murdered according to a Coroner's inquest. The illegality of the raid was confirmed in the London and local courts
Patrolling in or near sea ports, the press gang would try to find men aged between 15 and 55 with seafaring or river-boat experience, but this was not essential; those with no experience were called "landsmen". From 1740, landsmen were legally exempt from impressment, but this was on occasion ignored in wartime unless the person seized was an apprentice or a "gentleman".[13] Two landsmen were considered by captains to be the equivalent of one able seaman. If a landsman was able to prove his status to the Admiralty he was usually released. Court records do however show fights breaking out as people attempted to avoid what was perceived as wrongful impressment, and the London Times reported occasions when press gangs instituted a "hot press" (ignoring protections against impressment) in order to man the navy.[14] Merchant seamen ashore from their ships (and usually conspicuous by their clothing and general appearance) were however another matter. Anyone with seafaring experience encountered in the street would first be asked to volunteer for naval service. If the potential recruit refused he was often plied with alcohol or simply seized and taken. A commonly held belief is that a trick was used in taverns, surreptitiously dropping a King's shilling ("prest money") into a man's drink, as by "finding" the shilling in his possession he was deemed to have volunteered, and that this led to some tavern owners putting glass bottoms in their tankards. However, this is a legend; press officers were subject to fines for using trickery and a volunteer had a "cooling-off" period in which to change his mind.
The great majority of men pressed were taken from merchant ships at sea, especially those homeward bound for Britain. This was legal as long as the Navy replaced the man they took, and many Naval captains would take the best seamen, replacing them with malcontents and landsmen from their own ship. It was also common for "trusted" volunteers to act as substitutes; they would then desert as soon as the merchant ship docked, and return to their Navy ship. Outbound merchant ships, officers and apprentices were exempt from impressment. When war broke out the Navy would deploy frigates and vessels off the coast to intercept inbound merchantman. Reportedly some merchant captains redirected their ships to Irish ports to offload favoured crewmen, before making final land-fall in England. In 1740, a merchantman fired on a cruiser attempting to impress its crew; threats of similar violence to avoid sailors being pressed were supposedly not uncommon, especially with the East India ships whose crews had been away from their families and England for a considerable time. In times of an extreme shortage of men, the Navy would "embargo" the coast for a short time; merchantmen had to supply a portion of their crew in exchange for permission to sail.[3] Many merchant ships had hiding places constructed where their best crew could hide when approached by a Naval vessel.[15]
In addition to impressment, Britain also used the Quota System (or The Quod) from 1795 to 1815, whereby each county was required to supply a certain number of volunteers, based on its population and the number of its seaports. Unlike impressment, the Quota System often resulted in criminals serving on board ships as counties who failed to meet their quota offered prisoners the option of completing their sentence or volunteering. Apart from the probably lower quality of recruits taken by this means, another downside of the Quota System was the frequent introduction of disease, especially typhus, to healthy ships.[10]
British North America[edit]
One of the largest impressment operations occurred in the spring of 1757 in New York City, then still under British colonial rule. Three thousand British soldiers cordoned off the city, and plucked clean the taverns and other sailors' gathering places. "All kinds of tradesmen and Negroes" were hauled in, nearly eight hundred in all.[16] Four hundred of these were "retained in the service."
The Royal Navy also used impressment extensively in British North America from 1775 to 1815. Its press gangs sparked resistance, riots, and political turmoil in seaports such as Halifax, St John's, and Quebec City. Nevertheless, the Royal Navy extended the reach of its press gangs into coastal areas of British North America by the early 19th century. In response, sailors and residents fought back with a range of tactics. They sometimes reacted violently. The riots in St John's in 1794 and Halifax in 1805 led to a prohibition on impressment on shore for much of the Napoleonic Wars. The protest came from a wide swath of the urban community, including elites, rather than just the vulnerable sailors, and had a lasting negative impact on civil–naval relations in what became Canada. The local communities did not encourage their young men to volunteer for the Royal Navy.[17]
Continental Navy[edit]
The American Continental Navy impressed men into its service during the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress authorized construction of thirteen frigates, including USS Virginia in 1775. The senior captain of the Continental Navy, James Nicholson, was appointed to command Virginia, built and launched at Baltimore, Maryland.
When Virginia was fully rigged and fitted out in 1777, Nicholson received orders to sail to Martinique, to deliver dispatches and take on a cargo of arms and ammunition for the Continental Army. Many of Nicholson's crew had deserted to sign on as privateers, for higher pay at less risk. With inadequate crew to comply with orders from Congress, Nicholson impressed about thirty citizens of Baltimore for service aboard Virginia, an act expressly forbidden by Maryland law. Maryland governor Thomas Johnson demanded immediate release of the impressed men. Nicholson refused, stating impressment was common practice in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and some of the northern states.
Congress convinced Nicholson to release the impressed citizens of Baltimore, to avoid problems with the State of Maryland, but the practice of impressment continued where the local state legislature or governor gave consent. Nicholson avoided the need for local government consent by stopping the American merchant ships Holker and Fair American at sea in 1780, to impress men from their crews.
The individual states did not deny the concept of impressment for their own navies, but were reluctant to grant the right to the Continental Congress. The concept of drafting men into armed service remained contentious, even after adoption of the federal constitution.[18]
There is one documented case of a British seaman impressed by the US Navy in 1810.[19]
Conflict with the United States[edit]
In 1795, the Jay Treaty went into effect, addressing many issues left unresolved after the American Revolution, and averting a renewed conflict. However, the treaty's neglect to address British impressment of sailors from American ships and ports became a major cause of complaint among those who disapproved of it. While non-British subjects were not impressed, Britain did not recognize naturalised American citizenship, and treated anyone born a British subject as still "British" — as a result, the Royal Navy impressed over 9,000 sailors who claimed to be American citizens.
During the wars with France (1793 to 1815), the Royal Navy aggressively reclaimed British deserters on board ships of other nations, both by halting and searching merchant ships, and, in many cases, by searching American port cities. Although this was illegal, Jefferson ignored it to remain on good terms with Britain as he was negotiating to obtain "the Floridas". This changed in 1805 when the British began seizing American merchantmen trading with the West Indies and condemning the ships and their cargoes as a prize and enforcing impressment on their crews.[citation needed] Under the Rule of 1756, in times of war, direct trade between a neutral European state and a British colony was forbidden if such trade had not existed in time of peace. The Americans had found a way around this by "landing" cargoes from Europe in the United States and issuing certificates that duty had been paid. The ship would then sail, with the cargo never having been offloaded or duty actually paid, as now bona fide commerce between neutral America and the West Indies. The British became aware of the practice during the court case involving the seizure of the Essex. The court ruled that the cargo of the Essex had never been intended for American markets so the voyage had not been broken and could thus be considered continuous. The end result was the blockade of New York Harbor by two British frigates, the Cambrian and the Leander, which provoked public demonstrations.
For the next year scores of American ships were condemned in admiralty courts and American seamen were impressed with increasing frequency until, in the early summer of 1807, when three deserters from the British frigate HMS Melampus lying in Chesapeake Bay enlisted on the American frigate USS Chesapeake. After searching the Chesapeake, the deserters, David Martin, John Strachan, and William Ware, were found to be native-born Americans who had been wrongly impressed. The search also established that another crew member listed as Jenkin Ratford, was actually a British deserter, but he could not be found. Admiral Berkeley angrily issued an order to all commanders in the North Atlantic Squadron to search the Chesapeake if encountered on the high seas. Eight miles southeast of Cape Henry a boat from the British frigate HMS Leopard intercepted her but Commodore Barron declined to permit his crew to be mustered. The Leopard began approaching and the commander shouted a warning to which Barron replied "I don't hear what you say". The Leopard then fired two shots across the bow and almost immediately poured a broadside into the American ship. The Chesapeake did not return fire but the British ship fired another two broadsides. Three crew were killed and eighteen wounded. The British boarding party not only arrested the British deserter but also the three Americans. The Chesapeake–Leopard Affair provoked an outcry for war from all parts of the country and Jefferson later wrote: "The affair of the Chesapeake put war into my hand, I had only to open it and let havoc loose". He ordered the state governors to ready their militias but the Embargo Act of 1807 he eventually passed only ordered all British armed vessels out of American waters and forbade all contact with them if they remained.
As a cause of the War of 1812, the impressment and ship seizures caused serious diplomatic tension, and helped to turn American public opinion against Britain. Impressment was widely perceived as humiliating and dishonoring the U.S. because it was unable to protect its ships and sailors.[20][21]
End of impressment[edit]
Britain fought the war against Napoleon on the high seas, enlarging its Royal Navy from 135 ships in 1793 to 584 in 1812, and expanding personnel from 36,000 seamen in 1793 to 114,000 in 1812.[22] In Spring 1814, Napoleon surrendered, the British restored the Bourbon kings to the throne, and France was now an ally of Great Britain. The French Navy and the French merchant Marine switched sides, and the naval war in Europe was over. Britain could now sharply reduce its Royal Navy. It had no need to impress sailors, and never again used that technique against Americans, although it did not officially renounce the practice. [23][24] In the next war, against Russia in 1853, a new system of fixed-term engagements gave the Royal Navy a sufficient number of volunteer recruits to meet its manpower needs until World War I, when conscription was used for all the military services. In the intervening period, with much reduced manpower needs and improved conditions of service, the navy was able to rely on voluntary enlistment, plus the recall of reservists when necessary, to meet its requirements.
English and later British naval impressment laws[edit]
The first Act of Parliament legalising this practice was passed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth in 1563 and was known as "an act touching political considerations for the maintenance of the navy". It was renewed many times until 1631. In the Vagabonds Act 1597, several lists of persons were subject to impressment for service in the fleet.
The Recruiting Act 1703 was an act passed "for the increase of seamen and better encouragement of navigation, and the protection of the Coal Trade". This act gave parish authorities the power to apprentice boys to the sea, and reaffirmed rogues and vagabonds were subject to be pressed into the navy. In 1740, impressment was limited to men between 18 and 45, and it also exempted foreigners.
The last law was passed in 1835, in which the power to impress was reaffirmed. This limited the length of service of a pressed man to five years, and added the provision that a man could not be pressed twice. Although Britain abandoned the practice of impressment in 1815, impressment remained legal until the early 1900s, and the various laws authorising impressment have never been repealed.[citation needed]
In 1708, Parliament passed an Act forbidding impressment in American waters, without clearly stating whether the law applied only to the navy, or to civil authorities as well, and whether it applied only to the current war or to all future wars.[25] Two attorneys-general of Great Britain, one in 1716, and another in 1740, issued opinions that the 1708 Act was no longer in effect,[26] but many American colonists disagreed.
As a result of the doubt over the legality of impressment in American waters, Parliament passed a new Act in 1746, stating that impressment was forbidden in the West Indies, but not in America, leading to the Knowles Riot in Boston the following year, and continued with the colonies, particularly with heavily maritime New England.[25]
British army impressment laws[edit]
Starting in 1645, the New Model Army raised by Oliver Cromwell to overthrow Charles I during the English Civil War was largely manned by impressment.[27] After the restoration of the monarchy, impressment into the army was discontinued.
During the American Revolutionary War, after the losses at the Battle of Saratoga and the impending hostilities with France, the existing voluntary enlistment measures were judged to be insufficient. Between 1775 and 1781, the regular army increased from 48,000 to 110,000. Two acts were passed, the Recruiting Act 1778 and the Recruiting Act 1779, for the impression of individuals into the British Army.[28] The chief advantages of these acts was in the number of volunteers brought in under the apprehension of impressment. To avoid impressment, some recruits incapacitated themselves by cutting off the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, making it impossible to use a musket or sword.[29] The Recruiting Act of 1779 was repealed on 26 May 1780, and army impressment was permanently discontinued.
During the experiment, the British government allowed army impressment under severely restricted circumstances — both acts emphasized volunteering over impressment, and offered strong incentives to volunteers as a "carrot and stick" tactic, to encourage the men to volunteer lest they be pressed instead. The impressment portion of the 1778 Act applied only to Scotland and the area around London, excluding Wales and the rest of England, to avoid interfering with harvesting. The 1779 Act applied to all of Great Britain, but was initially suspended everywhere except the area around London, and actually applied to all of Great Britain for only six months, until the 1779 act was repealed in May 1780, and army impressment ceased in Britain.[30]
Unlike naval impressment, army impressment applied only to "able-bodied idle, and disorderly Persons, who could not, upon Examination, prove themselves to exercise and industriously follow some lawful Trade or Employment, or to have some Substance sufficient for their Support and Maintenance", as well as smugglers, according to the 1778 law, but excluding from that any men who were voters, or harvest workers. The 1779 law extended impressment also to "incorrigible rogues" who had abandoned their families, and left them as expenses on the parish.[31] Impressed apprentices were released under appeal from their masters, and impressed foreigners were released when requested by their countries' embassies.[31]
In popular culture[edit]
Literature
The events in Elizabeth Gaskell's novel Sylvia's Lovers (1863) take place against the background of the practice of impressment during the early phases of the Napoleonic Wars. Charlie Kinraid is forcibly enlisted in the Royal Navy by a press gang and later Sylvia Robson's father is executed for leading a revengeful raid on press-gang collaborators.
In Herman Melville's novel Billy Budd, Sailor, first published in 1924, and in the opera and film based on it, Billy is impressed to service on a British warship from Right-of-Man, a merchant ship.
C. S. Forester's Captain Horatio Hornblower is depicted, when urgently needing sailors to make up his crew, as stopping a ship of the British East India Company and impressing a large part of its sailors - the sailors being very reluctant, since conditions in the Royal navy ships were far worse than in those of the civilian Company.
Poetry
Elizabeth Barrett Browning's first published poem, "On the Cruelty of Forcement to Man" (c. 1812, when she was six years old), addressed impressment.[32]
John Ashton's 1888 compilation Modern Street Ballads includes "Victory," relating the plight of a young aristocratic lady whose parents, disapproving of her poor suitor, arrange to have him pressed to service aboard Lord Nelson's flagship of that name, aboard which he is killed at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Music
Garbage punk band The Murder City Devils' song "Press Gang", from their album In Name and Blood, is about a man who becomes "a victim of the press gang", a group of soldiers which brings him from a ship at sea to a town and publicly hangs him for unnamed offenses.[33]
A song called "The Press Gang" appears on Sea Songs & Shanties, with Seán Dagher as music director, on the Atma label.
See also[edit]
Conscription
Impressment (Nova Scotia)
King's shilling, a token given to someone as a sign of impressment
Knowles Riot, 1747 impressment riot in Boston
Military recruitment
Quota System — a companion approach to manning the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars.
Shanghaiing
Roundup (history)
References[edit]
Informational notes
Jump up ^ During the 18th century, a Royal Navy Able Seaman was paid (after deductions) 22 shillings and 6 pence per month. Pay was reckoned by the 28-day lunar month, so the annual rate of pay was somewhat more than 12 times this. A farm worker of the era might earn around a quarter to a third of this. Wages on merchant ships were higher: 25 to 30 shillings per lunar month - and increased further during wartime (merchant pay rates of 70 shillings per month at London and 35 shillings at Bristol were offered during the Seven Years War). But merchant crews could be cheated of their pay in several ways by dishonest ship-owners.[2]
Citations
Jump up ^ Roger (1986) p. 137
Jump up ^ Roger (1986) pp 124-136
^ Jump up to: a b c Hill, J. R. (2002). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy. Oxford University Press. pp. 135–137. ISBN 0-19-860527-7.
Jump up ^ Rodger (1986), pp 63–64, 115–118, 127–128
Jump up ^ "Myths of Nelson's Navy". Timewatch. 2000. BBC.
Jump up ^ Rodger (1986), p.116
Jump up ^ Fischer, Lewis R.; Nordvik, Helge W. Shipping and Trade, 1750-1950: Essays in International Maritime Economic History 1990, p. 25.
Jump up ^ IRSH 54 (2009), Niklas Frykman: Seamen on Late Eighteenth-Century European Warships. pp. 67–93 doi:10.1017/S0020859009000030
For example, the frigate HMS Hermione, with a regular complement of 180 men had 129 desertions between 1793 and 1797. Desertion rates for Dutch and French warships was even higher with annual rates of up to 90% not uncommon. In 1795, the Dutch vesselStaaten Generaal, with a complement of 550 lost 428 to desertion, the Delft, with 350 men lost 340.
^ Jump up to: a b "Impressment: the Press Gangs and Naval Recruitment". Royal Naval Museum. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Conditions of service in Britain's maritime organisations Archived 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. pp. 39–40.
Jump up ^ John Keegan, page 38 "Battle at Sea" ISBN 1-8441-3737-6
Jump up ^ John Keegan, page 39 "Battle at Sea"ISBN 1-8441-3737-6
Jump up ^ BBC History Magazine, Vol.9 no.8, August 2008.
Jump up ^ The Times (London), 8 May 1805
Jump up ^ Pope, Dudley (1996). Life in Nelson's Navy. Naval Institute Press. p. 99. ISBN 1-55750-516-0.
Jump up ^ Nash, p. 151.
Jump up ^ Keith Mercer, "Northern Exposure: Resistance to Naval Impressment in British North America, 1775–1815," Canadian Historical Review, June 2010, Vol. 91 Issue 2, pp. 199–232.
Jump up ^ Fowler, William M., Jr. "The Non-Volunteer Navy" United States Naval Institute Proceedings August 1974 pp. 75–78.
Jump up ^ John P. Deeben, "The War of 1812 Stoking the Fires: The Impressment of Seaman Charles Davis by the U.S. Navy", Prologue Magazine, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Summer 2012, Vol. 44, No. 2
Jump up ^ Paul A. Gilje, "'Free Trade and Sailors' Rights': The Rhetoric of the War of 1812," Journal of the Early Republic, Spring 2010, Vol. 30 Issue 1, pp. 1–23.
Jump up ^ Spencer Tucker, Injured Honor: The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (2006).
Jump up ^ James Fulton Zimmerman, Impressment of American Seamen (1925).
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition v 14 p 347
Jump up ^ Michael Lewis, A Social History of the Navy 1793-1815 (1960) p 434
^ Jump up to: a b Rodger (2004), p. 316.
Jump up ^ Smith, p. 291.
Jump up ^ "New Model Army (England)".
Jump up ^ Curtis, p. 57–60.
Jump up ^ Curtis, p. 64.
Jump up ^ "The British Army - Chapter Three".
^ Jump up to: a b Curtis, chapter 3.
Jump up ^ "On the Cruelty of Forcement to Man Alluding to the Press Gang". Elizbeth Barrett Browning Selected Poems.
Jump up ^ "The Murder City Devils - Press Gang Lyrics - Genius Lyrics". Genius. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
Bibliography[edit]
Brunsman, Denver, "The Evil Necessity: British Naval Impressment in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World" (Univ. of Virginia Press: 2013) ISBN 978-0-8139-3351-1
Cray, Robert E., "Remembering the USS Chesapeake: The Politics of Maritime. Death and Impressment," Journal of the Early Republic (Fall 2005) vol 25 pp 445-74.
Curtis, Edward, The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution. 1972, ISBN 0-85409-906-9
Dancy, J. Ross. The Myth of the Press Gang: Volunteers, Impressment and the Naval Manpower (2015)
Ennis, Daniel James. Enter the Press-Gang: Naval Impressment in Eighteenth-Century British Literature (University of Delaware Press, 2002).
Lewis, Michael. A Social History of the Navy 1793-1815 (1960).
Mercer, Keith. "North Atlantic Press Gangs: Impressment and Naval-civilian Relations in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, 1749--1815" (PhD Dissertation, Dalhousie U, 2008) online free
Miller, Nathan. Sea of Glory, 1974, ISBN 0-679-50392-7
Nash, Gary, The Urban Crucible, The Northern Seaports and the Origins of the American Revolution, 1986, ISBN 0-674-93058-4
Rodger, N. A. M. The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. W. W. Norton and Company, 1986.
Rodger, N. A. M. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. W. W. Norton and Company, 2004.
Rogers, Nicholas "The Press Gang: Naval Impressment and its Opponents in Georgian Britain" (2007) ISBN 978-1-8528-5568-0
Sawtell, Clement Cleveland, “Impressment of American Seamen by the British,” Essex Institute Historical Collections 76#4 (October 1940): pp. 314-44.
Selement, George. "Impressment and the American Merchant Marine 1782–1812: an American View." The Mariner's Mirror 59#4 (1973): 409-418.
Smith, Page, A new age now begins, 1976, ISBN 0-07-059097-4
Steel, Anthony (1952). "Impressment in the Monroe-Pinkney Negotiation, 1806-1807". The American Historical Review. American Historical Association. 57 (2): 352–69. doi:10.2307/1849880. ISSN 1937-5239. JSTOR 1849880 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Usher, Roland G., Jr. (1951). "Royal Navy Impressment During the American Revolution". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. Organization of American Historians. 37 (4): 673–88. doi:10.2307/1889363. ISSN 0161-391X. JSTOR 1889363 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
External links[edit]
Look up impress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Impressment". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
The Impress Service, basic article on "press gangs" in British ports, charged with impressing sailors into the Navy.
example of impressment of HMS Pandora crew in 1790.
PBS documentary on War of 1812 with chapter on impressment
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impressment&oldid=824349341"
Categories:
History of the Royal Navy
American Revolution
Conscription in the United Kingdom
Conscription in the United States
War of 1812
Slave soldiers
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from June 2017
Use British English from June 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007
Pages with login required references or sources
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Cymraeg
Español
Français
עברית
日本語
Русский
Simple English
Edit links
This page was last edited on 6 February 2018, at 20:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class title

attrs: class style

value: b

attrs: href title

values: /wiki/Seamen mw-redirect Seamen

value: p

values:
/wiki/British_constitution
mw-redirect
British constitution

values:
/wiki/American_War_of_Independence
mw-redirect
American War of Independence

values: Edit section: Royal Navy recruiting and desertion

values:
/wiki/British_Merchant_Navy
mw-redirect
British Merchant Navy

values:
/wiki/Rules_of_Prize_Warfare
mw-redirect
Rules of Prize Warfare

values: Edit section: The Impress Service and impressment at sea

values:
/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland
mw-redirect
Baltimore, Maryland

values:
/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania
mw-redirect
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

values: Edit section: Conflict with the United States

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Chesapeake%E2%80%93Leopard_Affair
mw-redirect
Chesapeake–Leopard Affair

values: Edit section: English and later British naval impressment laws

values:
/wiki/Vagabond_(person)
mw-redirect
Vagabond (person)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)

values:
/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Boston, Massachusetts

values: Edit section: British army impressment laws

values:
/wiki/English_Restoration
mw-redirect
English Restoration

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga
mw-redirect
Battle of Saratoga

values:
/wiki/Billy_Budd,_Sailor
mw-redirect
Billy Budd, Sailor

values:
/wiki/British_East_India_Company
mw-redirect
British East India Company

values:
/wiki/Lord_Nelson
mw-redirect
Lord Nelson

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Royal_Naval_Museum
mw-redirect
Royal Naval Museum

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Rodger,_N._A._M.
mw-redirect
Rodger, N. A. M.

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1849880

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-5239

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1849880

values: The site requires registration to access this page.

values: The Mississippi Valley Historical Review

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1889363

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0161-391X

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1889363

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values: Category:Conscription in the United Kingdom

values: Category:Conscription in the United States

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use British English from June 2017

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007

values: Category:Pages with login required references or sources

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Impressment
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presio
Presio – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leva
Leva – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: גיוס כפוי לצי – Hebrew

values: Принудительная вербовка на флот – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Impressment rootpage-Impressment skin-vector action-view


text:
Coachella Valley Church
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Church in California , USA
Coachella Valley Church
37°20′39″N 121°55′47″W / 37.3442°N 121.9296°W / 37.3442; -121.9296Coordinates: 37°20′39″N 121°55′47″W / 37.3442°N 121.9296°W / 37.3442; -121.9296
Location
2142 The Alameda,
San Jose, California 95126
Country
USA
Denomination
Rastafarian
Website
coachellavalley.church
History
Dedicated
2016
Part of a series on
Cannabis
Arts
Culture
[show]
420
Names
Religion
Judaism
Latter-day Saints
Sikhism
Stoner film
Stoner rock
Terms
Chemistry[show]
Cannabinoid receptors
Cannabinoid receptor type 1
Cannabinoid receptor type 2
Cannabinoids
2-AG
2-AGE, Noladin ether
AEA
CBC
CBL
CBD
CBDV
CBG
CBN
CBV
NADA
THC
THCV
Virodhamine
Synthetic cannabinoids
AM-2201
CP-55940
Dimethylheptylpyran
HU-210
HU-331
JWH-018
JWH-073
JWH-133
Levonantradol
SR144528
WIN 55,212-2
Consumption[show]
Edibles
Smoking
Tea
Economics[show]
Coffeeshop
Cultivation
Cooperative
Shop
Social Club
Grow house
Grow shop
Head shop
Marijuana vending machine
Effects[show]
Dependence
Drug testing
Effects of legalized cannabis
Gateway drug theory
Long term effects
Medicine
Memory
Pregnancy
Psychosis
Time perception
Forms[show]
Bhang
Blunt
Charas
Flower essential oil
Hash oil
Hashish
Hemp
Hemp oil
Joint
Kief
Roach
Synthetic cannabis
Thai stick
Tincture
Law[show]
Cannabis political parties
Cannabis rights
Legality of cannabis
Timeline
Legality of cannabis in US
Timeline
US: (Medical
Non-medical
Legal history)
Legal history of cannabis in Canada
Drug policy of California
Drug policy of Colorado
Drug policy of Portugal
Drug policy of the Netherlands
Regional[show]
Adult lifetime cannabis use by country
Annual cannabis use by country
Afghanistan
Alabama
American Samoa
Arkansas
Australia
British Columbia
California
Chile
Egypt
Georgia (USA)
Guam
Idaho
India
Indiana
Iowa
Jamaica
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Massachusetts
Montana
Morocco
Nebraska
New Zealand
Nigeria
North Dakota
North Mariana Islands
Oregon
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Portugal
South Dakota
Svalbard
Switzerland
Tennessee
U.K.
U.S.
Uruguay
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
American Indian reservations
Marijuana tourism in the U.S.
Variants[show]
Autoflowering cannabis
Cannabis genus
Cannabis indica
Cannabis ruderalis
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis strains
Acapulco Gold
Blue Dream
Charlotte's web
Kush
Malawi Gold
Sour Diesel
Related[show]
Drug culture
Illegal drug trade
Psychedelia
Cannabis portal
Medicine portal
Agriculture portal
v
t
e
Coachella Valley Church is a Rastafarian church in San Jose, California, which is an unpermittedmarijuana dispensary.[1] It was incorporated in 2016 and is at the same location as a previous dispensary, Amsterdam's Garden.[2] The city has a history of litigation against its operators and seeks to end their operations.[3][4]
Contents
1 Church
2 History and legal issues
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Church[edit]
Coachella Valley Church describes itself as an Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church which is monotheistic, worships a single God referred to as Jah, and uses cannabis as a sacrament. The members, known as Coachellans, believe that the use of cannabis helps elevate people to a higher understanding of self and greater closeness to Jah—who members believe partially resides within each individual. They ritually use cannabis, which they call "God's Holy Healing Sacrament" to deepen love and livity.[5] The church house on The Alameda has an altar, pews and sacred images "like any other Christian house of worship".[6]
History and legal issues[edit]
The City of San Jose filed a complaint against the owners and operators of Amsterdam's Garden marijuana dispensary in May 2015 for zoning violations and for not conforming to city regulations on marijuana dispensaries. Amsterdam's Garden was reportedly owned and operated by Sacha Nemcov, who was part of a failed campaign in 2016 to allow for dispensaries all around the city. After the dispensary was shut down, Coachella Church of Cannabis, later renamed Coachella Valley Church, began operations at the same location with reportedly the same operators,[7] including Nemcov (who also calls himself Donny Lords and Alex Nemcov, according to The San Jose Mercury News). Around November 2017, the operators stated that they were not legally a marijuana dispensary under city regulations but rather a church, and should be exempt from taxation, zoning and other regulations as a legitimate religious group under the United States Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) of 2000.[8]
The city attorney of San Jose has said: "Whatever their followers want to smoke, that's not the issue. It's the distribution and sale coming from the dispensary."[9] In 2017 the attorney said he would file an injunction to prevent cannabis sales on the church premises. By late December 2017, the injunction had not been granted; a hearing for a preliminary injunction was set for late January 2018.[10][11]
See also[edit]
Cannabis and religion
Entheogen
California portal
Cannabis portal
Religion portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ High Praise: Pot Churches Proliferate As States Ease Access To Marijuana, Kaiser Health News, retrieved 2018-01-22
Jump up ^ Coachella Valley Church, CA Sec of State, retrieved 2018-01-21
Jump up ^ The City of San Jose v. Victoria Foxx, Lawzilla.com, retrieved 2018-01-21
Jump up ^ Bay Area church claims religious exemption from local marijuana laws, thecannabist, retrieved 2018-01-21
Jump up ^ http://coachellavalley.church/spirituality/
Jump up ^ Lorraine Caballero (November 23, 2017), "California churches suspected of being illegal marijuana dispensaries", Christian Daily, Washington, DC
Jump up ^ Barbara Feder Ostrov (January 12, 2018), High praise: 'Pot churches' popping up around California, Pasadena: KPCC
Jump up ^ Baum, Julia (2017-11-04). "Church claims religious exemption from local pot laws". The Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
Jump up ^ Churches offer marijuana to members, feature pot-smoking Jesus in ads, Houston, Texas: KTRK-TV (ABC 13), November 21, 2017
Jump up ^ Ian Cull (November 21, 2017), San Jose Aims to Shutter Two Pot-Selling Churches, NBC Bay Area
Jump up ^ Barbara Feder Ostrov (December 22, 2017), "At 'pot churches', marijuana is the sacrament", USA Today
Further reading[edit]
Melina Delkic (November 21, 2017), "California churches offer 'joints for Jesus' as part of high-minded spiritual journey", Newsweek
Benjamin Fearnow (November 19, 2017), "Silicon Valley Churches Pose As Marijuana Dispensaries To Sell Tax-Free Weed", International Business Times
Tim Kohut (November 21, 2017), "Church Features Pot-Smoking Jesus In Ads: This might be the first recorded sighting of a pot-smoking Jesus in human history.", High Times
External links[edit]
Official website
hide
v
t
e
Cannabis and religion
By religion
Judaism
Sikhism
Latter-day Saints
Rastafari
Movements
Church of Cognizance
Church of the Universe
Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church (Coachella Valley Church)
First Cannabis Church of Logic and Reason
First Church of Cannabis
Healing Church in Rhode Island
International Church of Cannabis
Stoner Jesus Bible Study
THC Ministry
Historical
Botanical identity of soma–haoma
Kapnobatai
Pazyryk burials
Scythian religion
Tocharians
Völva
People
Roger Christie
Sula Benet
Moshe Feinstein
Jathedar Santa Singh
Efraim Zalmanovich
Related
Aghori
Nihang
Religious views on smoking
Sadhu
Thandai
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley_Church&oldid=849149485"
Categories:
Cannabis and religion
Cannabis in California
Churches in San Jose, California
New religious movements
Organizations based in San Jose, California
Religious organizations using entheogens
Hidden categories:
Articles with short description
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 6 July 2018, at 21:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: colspan style

value: span

attrs: class title

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
nofollow
external text
http://coachellavalley.church

values: padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoid
mw-redirect
Synthetic cannabinoid

values:
/wiki/Cannabis_edibles
mw-redirect
Cannabis edibles

values: Cannabis cooperative (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Cannabis_dependence
mw-redirect
Cannabis dependence

values:
/wiki/Cannabis_and_memory
mw-redirect
Cannabis and memory

values:
/wiki/Cannabis_and_psychosis
mw-redirect
Cannabis and psychosis

values:
/wiki/Blunt_(cannabis_cigar)
mw-redirect
Blunt (cannabis cigar)

values:
/wiki/Synthetic_cannabis
mw-redirect
Synthetic cannabis

values: Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

values: Timeline of cannabis legalization in the United States

values: Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States

values: Legal history of cannabis in the United States

values:
/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Colorado
mw-redirect
Drug policy of Colorado

values: Cannabis on American Indian reservations

values:
/wiki/Acapulco_Gold_(cannabis)
mw-redirect
Acapulco Gold (cannabis)

values:
/wiki/Blue_Dream_(cannabis)
mw-redirect
Blue Dream (cannabis)

values:
/wiki/Kush_(Cannabis)
mw-redirect
Kush (Cannabis)

values:
/wiki/Malawi_Gold
mw-redirect
Malawi Gold

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Marijuana_dispensary
mw-redirect
Marijuana dispensary

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Churches in San Jose, California

values: Category:Organizations based in San Jose, California

values: Category:Religious organizations using entheogens

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Church
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Coachella_Valley_Church rootpage-Coachella_Valley_Church skin-vector action-view