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Asylum in Australia
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See also: Immigration history of Australia and Immigration detention in Australia
Asylum in Australia is governed by statutes and Government policies which seek to implement Australia's obligations under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, to which Australia is a party. Thousands of refugees have sought asylum in Australia over the past decade,[1] with the main forces driving movement being war, civil unrest and persecution.[2] The annual refugee quota is currently 20,000 people.[3] From 1945 to the early 1990s, more than half a million refugees and other displaced persons were accepted into Australia.[4]
Historically, most asylum seekers arrived by plane. However, there was an increasing number of asylum seekers arriving by boat in the late 2000s and early 2010s, which was met with some public disapproval.[5] In 2011-2012, asylum seekers arriving by boat outnumbered those arriving by plane for the first time.[6][7][8] Three waves of asylum seekers arriving by boat have been identified: Vietnamese between 1976 and 1981; Indochinese asylum seekers from 1989 to 1998; and people of Middle East origin, and the use of people smugglers, from 1999.[5]
The visa policy of the current government is to detain persons entering or being in Australia without a valid visa until those persons can be returned to their home country. Australia is the only country in the world with a policy of mandatory detention and offshore processing of asylum seekers who arrive without a valid visa.[9][10]
Asylum policy is a contentious wedge issue in Australian politics, with the two major political parties in Australia arguing that the issue is a border control problem and one concerning the safety of those attempting to come to Australia by boat.
Contents
1 Claims processing
2 Statistics
3 History
3.1 Refugees and World War II: 1930s
3.2 Vietnamese boat people: 1970s
3.3 Mandatory detention: the 1990s
3.4 Pacific Solution: 2001–2007
3.5 End of offshore processing: 2007–2012
3.6 Offshore processing resumed, PNG solution: 2012–2013
3.7 2014-2015
3.8 Closure of Manus Island: 2016
3.9 Contemporary Policy Trends
3.9.1 Community placements
3.9.2 Work rights
3.9.3 Refugees with adverse security assessment
3.9.4 Visa cancellations and the Border Force Act
4 Offshore Processing
5 Arrival and Processing in Australia
5.1 Housing Challenges
5.2 Income and Work Rights
5.3 Procedural Challenges
6 Public debate and politics
7 See also
8 References
Claims processing[edit]
The HMT Dunera transported 2,432 men, including Georg Auer, to Australia from England in 1942.
A compliance interview, often done with the assistance of an interpreter, is one of the first steps taken by immigration officers to determine if a person is making a valid claim of asylum.[11] If a valid fear of persecution is expressed a formal application for refugee status is undertaken. If permission to stay in Australia is not granted they must be removed as soon as possible.[12] However, under the notion of complementary protection, an applicant who is not deemed to be a refugee may still be permitted to remain in Australia [13] Complementary protection applies when an applicant/s would face a real risk of; arbitrary deprivation of life; the death penalty; torture; cruel or inhuman treatment or punishment; degrading treatment or punishment.[13] It does not apply when there is no real risk of significant harm, namely when an applicant can safely relocate to another part of the country, or an authority within the country can provide protection.[13]
People who arrived by boat on or after 13 August 2012 are not able to propose that their immediate family members also gain entry to Australia.[14]
A new "fast track" assessment scheme was introduced in 2014 via the Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014 [1]. The definition of a fast track applicant was narrowed further by Immigration Minister Peter Dutton in an amendment to the definition under the "Migration Act 1958", which changed the date of arrival requirement from January 2012 to August 2012 for parents whose children wished to be put classified as fast track applicants.[15]
Statistics[edit]
The annual refugee quota is currently 20,000 people.[3] According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Australia was ranked 47th out of 198 countries in the world in terms of the number of refugees hosted between 2005 and 2009, out of those countries who host refugees.[16] In 2012, the Refugee Council of Australia ranked Australia 22nd on a per capita basis in a list of countries that accept refugees.[17] The Council found that in terms of resettlement (as opposed to "receiving") asylum seekers, Australia ranks 2nd in the world overall, 3rd per capita and 3rd as a proportion of GDP.[18]
Australia's total refugee and humanitarian intake has remained relatively constant since the mid-1980s:[19]
The rate of arrivals by boat, the most controversial aspect of Australia's refugee policy, has been exceptionally volatile. It reached a peak of 20,587 people in 2013 (excluding crew), before falling again to zero two years later:[20]
History[edit]
See also: Post-war immigration to Australia
Refugees and World War II: 1930s[edit]
In the 1930s more than 7,000 refugees from Nazi Germany were accepted into Australia.[21] In the eight years after the end of World War II almost 200,000 European refugees settled in Australia. Australia was reluctant to recognise a general "right of asylum" for refugees when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was being drafted.[22] The White Australia policy was responsible for the exclusion of Asians from migration to Australia until 1973.[23]
Vietnamese boat people: 1970s[edit]
Tan Le entered Australia as a refugee in 1982 and was named Young Australian of the Year in 1998.
The first recorded instance of asylum seekers arriving in Australia via unauthorised boat occurred in April 1976. Fleeing South Vietnam after the Communist Party victory of 1974, an estimated 2,000 "Vietnamese boat people" followed from 1976–1982. The sporadic arrival of unauthorised boats was a cause of concern for the Australian people.[24] The initial controversy regarding asylum seekers in Australia was mostly because of family reunions.[23] Employment and security concerns were also raised with the Waterside Workers Federation calling for strikes on the matter.[5] This led to the first detention of boat people. In response, the government of Malcolm Fraser authorized the immigration of more than 50,000 Vietnamese from Indian Ocean refugee camps. At the time, the "open door" immigration policy enjoyed bipartisan support.[24]
Mandatory detention: the 1990s[edit]
Main article: Immigration detention in Australia
During the early 1990s, asylum seekers from Cambodia began to arrive in Australia. In response, the government of Paul Keating instituted a mandatory detention policy aimed at deterring refugees.[24] Under mandatory detention, anyone who enters the Australian migration zone without a visa is placed in a holding facility while security and health checks are performed. Additionally, the validity of the person's claim to asylum is assessed by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship.
In 1990, a number of asylum seekers arrived from Somalia without documentation. They were detained at Villawood Immigration Detention Centre for 18 months without any progress on their status. Some began a hunger strike in response to the prolonged detention. Eventually, all were determined to be genuine refugees.[25]
In the mid-1990s, numerous boats carrying Chinese and Sino-Vietnamese refugees were returned to their place of origin after asylum claims were denied. The rapid repatriations meant that many citizens were unaware of the refugees.[24] During this period a refugee from Indonesia was detained for 707 days before being granted refugee status.[25]
In 1999, Middle Eastern immigrants fleeing from oppressive regimes in Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq began to arrive in large numbers.[24] The government of John Howard extended the time they spent in mandatory detention and introduced temporary protection visas for boat arrivals.[10] The deterrents did little to stop immigrants; roughly 12,000 asylum seekers reached Australia from 1999 to 2001.[24]
Pacific Solution: 2001–2007[edit]
Main article: Pacific Solution
In August 2001, a Norwegian tanker, the Tampa, picked up 438 people whose vessel was sinking off the coast of Indonesia. According to the captain, he tried to return the Afghan refugees to Indonesia, but they threatened to throw themselves overboard if he did so. Consequently, he agreed to take them to Christmas Island. Howard's government refused to allow the boat to land, saying it was a matter for Norway and Indonesia to work out amongst themselves. Neither made a move, creating a three way diplomatic standoff which became known as the Tampa Affair. Australia seized control of the ship, drawing international criticism but strong support in the country. After ten days, Australia struck a deal with New Zealand and Nauru to have those nations temporarily host the refugees while Australia processed their asylum claims.[26] Following the September 11 attacks in the US, anti-Muslim rhetoric increased in Australia, as Muslims were the primary asylum seekers at the time.[23]
"We will decide who comes to this country and the circumstances in which they come."
John Howard[27]
Following the Tampa Affair, the Commonwealth Migration Act (1958) was amended by Howard's government in September 2001.[28] The amendments, which became known as the Pacific Solution, prevented refugees landing on Christmas Island or Ashmore Reef from seeking asylum.[24] Instead, they were redirected to nearby island nations such as Papua New Guinea and Nauru. There, refugees had to undergo a lengthy asylum process before they could immigrate to Australia.[1] At the time, the minority Labor Party opposed the policy. In 2003, Julia Gillard promised that Labor would end the Pacific Solution "because it is costly, unsustainable and wrong as a matter of principle".[29]
The Pacific Solution was intended to remove the incentive for refugees to come to Australia. While detained offshore, asylum-seekers under the Pacific Solution were denied access to Australian lawyers and to protection under Australian law.[10]
A Christmas Island boat transports rescued refugees
The policy was highly criticised by human rights groups.[1] The primary concern was that abusive process could potentially develop in remote locations.[30] In 2002, the arrivals dropped from 5,516 the previous year to 1.[5] From 2001 to 2007, fewer than 300 asylum seekers arrived.[24] The program cost Australia more than AU$1 billion during that period.[31] In July 2005, Australia ceased the practice of mandatory detention of children.[30]
End of offshore processing: 2007–2012[edit]
In 2007, the Labor Party under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd abandoned the Pacific Solution, installing a more liberal asylum policy.[1] Rudd's government pledged to settle all asylum claims within three months and closed the Nauru detention facility.[24] The Rudd government abolished temporary protection visas in 2008.[10] Only 45 of the 1,637 asylum seekers detained in Nauru were found not to be refugees.[2]
Over the next few years the number of asylum seekers arriving in the country increased substantially.[1] In 2008, there were 161 immigrants under asylum laws; in 2009, claims jumped to 2,800.[1][24] The issue quickly became a political problem for Rudd. He claimed it was a change in the international political environment that caused the increase, not the abandonment of the Pacific Solution. When that idea failed to be accepted, he proposed what became known as the Indonesian Solution. Under the plan, Indonesia would receive financial aid and intelligence in exchange for cracking down on the people smugglers that transported the asylum seekers. In October 2009, the customs boat Oceanic Viking picked up shipwrecked asylum seekers and attempted to return them to Indonesia, as agreed. However, the attempts to unload the refugees failed and Labor's poll numbers dropped significantly.[24]
In December 2010, a boat of refugees sank, killing 48 people.[32]
Australia's refugee
and humanitarian program
Year
Grants
2006–07 13,017
2007–08 13,014
2008–09 13,507
2009–10 13,770
2010–11 13,799
2011–12 13,759
2012–13 20,019
Source: Department of Immigration and Citizenship[33]
Ahead of the 2010 election, Tony Abbott campaigned on the asylum issue, and with Rudd refusing to engage with him in "a race to the bottom", polls showed the public strongly favouring Abbott's anti-asylum views. By this time, Rudd was struggling in the polls for a number of reasons and had lost the confidence of the Labor Party Caucus, which, fearing defeat in the upcoming election, installed Julia Gillard in his place. Gillard argued it was wrong to give special privileges to asylum seekers. She was against a return to the Pacific Solution, instead arguing for the establishment of a regional offshore processing centre. Gillard's new position was welcomed in the polls, and in the August 2010 election, Labor retained power in a minority government supported by a number of independents.[24]
In May 2011, the Gillard government announced plans to address the issue by swapping new asylum seekers for long-standing assessed refugees in Malaysia. The so-called Malaysian Solution was eventually ruled unconstitutional, partly because Malaysia was not a signatory to the UN Refugee Convention.[34] In 2011, Australia received 2.5% of the world's total number of claims for asylum.[35] During 2012, more than 17,000 asylum seekers arrived via boat.[36] The majority of the refugees came from Afghanistan, Iran, and Sri Lanka.[1]
In June 2012, an accident led to 17 confirmed deaths, with 70 other people missing.[37]
Offshore processing resumed, PNG solution: 2012–2013[edit]
See also: PNG solution
In June 2012, Gillard appointed an expert panel to make recommendations on the asylum issue by August 2012.[38] The report included 22 recommendations.[35] Following their recommendations, her government effectively reinstated the Pacific Solution, and re-introduced offshore processing for asylum seekers. Some Labor members complained that Gillard had abandoned her principle for the sake of politics. Greens' Senator Sarah Hanson Young called offshore processing "a completely unworkable, inhumane, unthinkable proposition".[29] The Nauru processing facility was reopened in September, and the Manus Island facility in Papua New Guinea reopened in November.[39][40] However, the centres could not keep up with demand, creating a large backlog.[1] The first 6 months of the policy did not see a reduction in immigration attempts — in the first half of 2013, there were more than 15,000 asylum seekers.[36] For the 6 months to June 2014 however, the number has appeared to sharply reduce, with the immigration minister Scott Morrison claiming that there "had (not been) a successful people smuggling venture" in the period.[41]
In July 2013, Rudd, who had recently returned to power as Prime Minister, announced that anyone who arrived in Australia by boat without a visa would not be eligible for asylum.[1] In co-operation with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Peter O’Neill, the Regional Settlement Agreement was drafted. Under the agreement, new asylum seekers would be sent to Papua New Guinea where legitimate cases would be granted asylum in that, but would lose any right to seek asylum in Australia.[42] To accommodate the refugees, the Manus Island processing facility would be enlarged significantly. In exchange for taking the asylum seekers, Papua New Guinea will receive financial aid from Australia. Like Australia, Papua New Guinea is a signatory to United Nations Refugees Convention.[36] Rudd said the policy was not intended to be permanent and would be reviewed annually.[1]
Part of the Manus Island regional processing facility in October 2012
Announcing the new policy, Rudd remarked "Australians have had enough of seeing people drowning in the waters to our north. Our country has had enough of people smugglers exploiting asylum seekers and seeing them drown on the high seas."[1] Liberal Party leader Tony Abbott praised the substance of plan, but said Rudd's government was incapable of making it work. Greens leader Christine Milne, however, called the plan "absolutely immoral".[42] Human rights groups criticized the decision. "Mark this day in history as the day Australia decided to turn its back on the world's most vulnerable people, closed the door and threw away the key," said Graeme McGregor of Amnesty International Australia.[1] Human rights lawyer David Mann called it a "fundamental abrogation of Australia's responsibilities" and doubted the legality of the policy.[1] He has also questioned the record of human rights in Papua New Guinea.[43]
The New York Times described Rudd's decision as likely "part of a concerted effort" to nullify opposition attacks ahead of the 2013 federal election.[1] He had been under fire for the unpopular programs of Gillard that led to his return to power, and immigration had become a major issue in the election campaign.[1][36]
Concurrent with Rudd's announcement, Indonesia announced it would toughen requirement for Iranians seeking visas, a change that had been requested by Australia. An Indonesia spokesperson denied that the change in policy was because of an Australian request.[1]
2014-2015[edit]
Then-Immigration Minister Scott Morrison visiting hotspots for people smuggling with the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency in 2014
At the end of 2014, the Australian government created a Fast Track Assessment process for those applying for protection visas. The Fast Track Assessment Process started on 19 April 2015. This process assessed the people who arrived in Australia by boat between the dates (inclusive) 13 August 2012 and 1 January 2014.[44]
In 2015, the government of Tony Abbott rejected suggestions that it would accept Rohingyas (a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar) during the Rohingya refugee crisis, with the Prime Minister responding "Nope, nope, nope. We have a very clear refugee and humanitarian program".[45] However, later in the year the government unexpectedly increased its intake of refugees to accommodate persecuted minorities (such as Maronites, Yazidis and Druze) from the conflicts of the Syrian Civil War and Iraq War.[46][47]
Closure of Manus Island: 2016[edit]
The Australian government ruled out bringing people held on Manus Island to Australia. New Zealand's offer to resettle 150 refugees within its existing quota was refused by the Australian Government.[48] United States officials began assessing applications for asylum for refugees to be resettled in the United States as part of a deal struck with the Australian government.[49]
More than 600 asylum seekers have died en route to Australian territory since 2009.[1]
Contemporary Policy Trends[edit]
A number of changes have been implemented in relation to mandatory detention, both broadening opportunities for community integration by offering community alternatives and narrowing release through the creation of new immigration status designations.
Community placements[edit]
Those granted Bridging Visas are able to access basic government services, including Centrelink and Medicare. They are able to move freely within their community, but are unable to choose the community that they live in, required to live an address designated by the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection.[48]
Work rights[edit]
For the designated refugees that are eligible for work, many are prevented from entering the work force owing to issues of cultural competency and language. The overall effect is that the great majority of refugees in Australia are eager to workout without any pathways into the Australian work force.[48]
Refugees with adverse security assessment[edit]
Recent administrative changes have seen the introduction of a new category of designated immigration status: adverse security assessments.[48]
Visa cancellations and the Border Force Act[edit]
The Australian Border Force Act 2015 (Cth) makes it a crime punishment of two years imprisonment for an entrusted person to make record of or disclose ‘protected information’. This raises issues relating to judicial power. By denying the court's access to information by which to evaluate a matter, it constitutes an impermissible interference on the functions of a court following the decision in Graham v Minister for Immigration and Border Control. The matter has yet be fully resolved.[48]
Offshore Processing[edit]
Australia's humanitarian program is complex, but the basic structure is one of bifurcation between onshore and offshore processing of claims for people seeking asylum. While the onshore humanitarian program is common across most signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it is Australia's offshore detention policy that is the most controversial and widely criticized by civil society members.[50]
Australia is the only nation-state that currently employs a policy of shifting potential people seeking asylum by boat to other nation-states for processing of asylum claims. This policy receives support from both major political parties.[50]
Arrival and Processing in Australia[edit]
Historically, Australia is generally viewed as world leader in resettling refugees, with more than 870,000 refugees resettled in Australia since World War II. Yet Australia is also one of the world’s poorest in providing durable solutions to people who come here to claim protection – people seeking asylum – especially if they come by boat.[50] This dichotomy has persisted into the present.
The processing of people seeking asylum that have arrived in Australia for status determination has undergone significant change over the past decade.[51] The process for refugee status determination is dynamic, with the government's humanitarian program mainly diverging in process between on-shore and off-shore arrivals.[51] While the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) had previously drafted to give effect to Australia's obligations under international law,[52] mainly the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its First Optional Protocol, recent legislative amendments by successive governments have uncouple the Act from giving effect to the Convention. This has resulted in a softening on the impact of the Convention in interpreting the Act, leading to the government resiling from the protocol set out in the international agreement.[53]
After arriving in Australia, the experience for any individual persons seeking asylum is largely impacted by the location they are placed, socioeconomic status, country of origin, age, sex and knowledge of the area, including family or friends that were in Australia prior to their arrival. Nonetheless, there are recurrent difficulties that surface continuously in asylum seeker communities across Australia, in the interim between arrival and refugee status determination.[54]
Housing Challenges[edit]
For asylum seekers that arrive in Australia and receive a temporary protection visa (subclass 785),[55] they are given the right to live in the community and are largely given autonomy to choose housing. The Australian government does not provide services to link asylum seekers with potential housing.[54] Their ephemeral status in the country, entirely dependent on status determination by the government, leads to apprehension amongst housing providers arising from concern that they may not remain in Australia for the duration of the lease. The lack of clarity and certainty owing to their undefined legal status therefore deters housing providers from offering leases to asylum seekers.[54]
Compounding this factor is the exceptionally low income for most asylum seekers, arising from their inability to work legally in Australia (an issue that will be comprehensively discussed below).[54] These low wages limit housing options for asylum seekers and leaves them susceptible to a higher risk of exploitation. Substandard housing conditions clearly follows from this difficulty.[54] One instance in Adelaide found 20 temporary protection visa holders living in a single address, while a service provider in Sydney reported instances where people seeking asylum had been convinced by real estate agents to rent non-residential properties such as warehouses with dividers between the beds.[54]
General issues prevalent across most major cities in Australia in relation to housing are compounded in severity for asylum seekers.[54] Housing affordability for most areas in proximity to city centres has become out of reach for both buyers and renters.[56] In the two largest cities of Sydney and Melbourne, housing availability is an additional strain for renters, with a competitive market leading to some perpetually searching for housing.[56] The impact these general issues have on asylum seekers searching for housing open arrival into Australia is therefore significant and, at times, debilitating, leading to substantial possibility of homelessness throughout these communities.[54]
Income and Work Rights[edit]
Asylum seekers in Australia are precluded from the ability to work until a determination is made on their refugee status.[57] The timeline for status determination varies considerably on a case by case basis. Until the passage of the Migration and Maritime Powers (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Act 2015 (Cth), the Commonwealth was required to report the percentage of decisions made within 90 days of lodging their application. From 2013–14, the Department of Immigration and Border Protection made just seven percent of initial decisions within the given timeframe.[58] While more current data is unavailable, it is unlikely that the change of Liberal leadership (and therefore government) from Abbott to Turnbull has raised these rates. This means that it is likely that the overwhelming majority of asylum seekers in Australia are unable to work for well over three months while they wait for status determination.[58]
The lack of ability to work forces asylum seekers in Australia to rely heavily on Centrelink payments.[54] Their capacity to earn is then greatly reduced and there is an identifiable gap in the interstice between application for refugee status and refugee status determination where asylum seekers in Australia are placed into a tenuous financial position.[54]
The bleak outlook on income are working rights so described leads to a direct impact on the mental health of the asylum seeker community.[54] For those asylum seekers that go on to be recognised as legally defined refugees, the labour opportunities are largely seen as a window dressing exercise.[54] The support given is unspecialised, with jobactive largely ignoring the unique difficulties newly recognised refugees possess when searching for and obtaining work.[54]
Procedural Challenges[edit]
The Status Resolution Support Services (SSRS) is the Department of Immigration and Border Protection's replacement for the previous Community Assistance Program (CAP) that is meant to connect migrants and non-citizens with social services.[59] The services are delivered under six different bands that vary dependent upon identity and timeline of asylum.[54] There are issues latent within the SSRS arising from a strict adherence to the band taxonomy that leads to a stringent, and at times problematic, application of the band criteria.[54] There is the additional strain of a high caseworker to client ratio of 1:120, which has largely been viewed as a compromise on quality.
The Code of Behaviour is an agreement asylum seekers sign when arriving in Australia that largely binds them to certain standards of behaviour while awaiting refugee status determination.[60] This has been received by the community as casting a dark shadow for asylum seekers' experience in Australia, with many of the signees feeling that the agreement creates uncertainty and confusion as to which actions may jeopardise their applications.[54] The effect of the Code of Behaviour has deterred refugees from community events out of fear that their participation could contribute to a denial of their applications.[54]
Public debate and politics[edit]
Opinion polls show that boat arrivals have always been an issue of concern to the Australian public, but opposition has increased steadily over the previous four decades, according to a 2013 research paper by the Parliamentary Library.[5]
In 2005, the wrongful incarceration of Cornelia Rau was made public through the Palmer Inquiry, which stimulated concern in the Australian public about the detention of children in remote locations and the potential for resultant long-term psychological harm.[10]
Between 1998 and 2008, the UN Human Rights Committee made adverse findings against Australia in a number of immigration detention cases, concluding that Australia had violated the prohibition on arbitrary detention in Article 9(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.[10][citation needed] The longest-held detainee within the Australian immigration detention system was Peter Qasim, who was detained for six years and ten months.[61]
In March 2012, former Prime Minister Paul Keating said there were "racial undertones" to the debate and that Australia's reputation in Asia was being damaged.[62] In 2013, former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser described the positions of the major political parties as a "race to the bottom".[63]
In 2003, economist Ross Gittins, a columnist at Fairfax Media, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap " on immigration, by appearing "tough" on illegal immigration to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration.[64]
In 2016, the UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau, criticised Australia's policies of mandatory and off-shore immigration detention. Crépeau claimed that Australia had adopted a "punitive approach" towards migrants who arrived by boat which had served to "erode their human rights".[65]
See also[edit]
Australia portal
Children Overboard affair
Human rights in Australia
Multiculturalism in Australia
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Jump up ^ Anon, 2015. The Fast Track Assessment Process. [pdf] Refugee Council of Australia, p.1. Available at: <http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Fast-track-Fact-sheet.pdf> [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016].
Jump up ^ Belinda Grant Geary (21 May 2015). "'Nope, Nope, Nope': Tony Abbott's blunt response when asked if Australia would accept hundreds of desperate refugees pictured stranded on rotting boats off Indonesia". Daily Mail Australia. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Migrants and Australia: Why Australia is accepting 12,000 more Syrian migrants". The Economist. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Lenore Taylor; Shalailah Medhora (8 September 2015). "Tony Abbott to confirm Syrian airstrikes as pressure grows over refugees". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e RCOA (July 2016). "Recent Changes in Australian Refugee Policy" (PDF). Refugee Council of Australia.
Jump up ^ "US hits refugee intake cap as Manus Island, Nauru refugees assessed".
^ Jump up to: a b c Refugee Council of Australia, 'State of the Nation: Refugees and People Seeking Asylum in Australia' (2017) Refugee Council of Australia Reports 1.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fact sheet - Australia's Refugee and Humanitarian programme". www.border.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
Jump up ^ Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 198, 198A
Jump up ^ Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 198AA
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Refugee Council of Australia (December 2015). "Eroding Our Identity as a Generous Nation: Community Views on Australia's Treatment of People Seeking Asylum" (PDF). RCOA.
Jump up ^ "Temporary Protection visa (subclass 785)". www.border.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Nicholls, Seth (2014). "Perpetuating the problem: Neoliberalism, Commonwealth public policy and housing affordability in Australia". Australian Journal of Social Issues. 49 (3): 329–347.
Jump up ^ Matthew.Bretag (2013-04-17). "Tell Me About: Bridging Visas for Asylum Seekers". www.humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Refugee Status Determination in Australia | Factsheet | Kaldor Centre". www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu.au. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
Jump up ^ "SRSS Programme". www.border.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
Jump up ^ Department of Immigration and Border Protection (October 2015). "Code of Behaviour for Subclass 050" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Andra Jackson (5 January 2008). "Our lives are in limbo: former detainees". The Age. Fairfax Digital. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Paul Maley (23 March 2012). "Paul Keating slams 'racist' tone of asylum debate". The Australian. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Malcolm Fraser backs Greens senator". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Gittens, R. (20 August 2003). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/19/1061261148920.html
Jump up ^ ""Australia's human rights record blemished by punitive approach to migrants" – UN rights expert". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
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That '70s Show (season 8)
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That '70s Show (season 8)
DVD cover
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) – May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of That '70s Show episodes
The eighth and final season of the American comedy television series That '70s Show premiered November 2, 2005 on Fox in the United States. The season ended on May 18, 2006 with an hour-long series finale. The eighth season was the only season without the show's star Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman, the central character, since he left the series at the end of the previous season. Eric was often mentioned throughout the season, even being an important off-stage character central to an episode's plot upon occasion. Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode, although his role was brief and uncredited.
This season also marked a major change in the series, as a new character was introduced to take Eric's place named Randy Pearson (portrayed by new cast member Josh Meyers) and the departure of Michael Kelso, who was portrayed by Ashton Kutcher. Kutcher had quit the show at the end of season seven but remained on the series for five episodes during the eighth season. He appeared in the first four episodes to give closure to Kelso and he appeared again in the final episode titled "That '70s Finale". Also, Leo (Tommy Chong) returned as a main character since his return to the series in the seventh season (in a special guest role).
Many plots of the season involved Donna's new relationship with Randy, Jackie falling in love with Fez, Hyde getting married to a stripper named Samantha, Kelso getting a new job and moving to Chicago, and the Formans adjusting to an empty nest which is too empty for Kitty and not empty enough for Red due to the kids' presence despite Eric's absence.
This season is set entirely in 1979, with the final seconds of the series being the final seconds of the decade. The very last seconds of the series show the license plate of Eric's Vista Cruiser for the final time, now featuring a tag with the year "80" on it, signaling that the 1980s have begun.
All episodes of season 8, except the finale, are named after songs by Queen.
The region 1 DVD was released on April 1, 2008.[1]
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Special guest
1.3 Recurring
1.4 Guest
1.5 Special appearance
2 Episodes
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart
Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde
Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti
Wilmer Valderrama as Fez
Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman
Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman
Josh Meyers as Randy Pearson[a]
Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti
Tommy Chong as Leo
Special guest[edit]
Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso
Tim Reid as William Barnett
Mary Tyler Moore as Christine St. George
Topher Grace (uncredited) as Eric Forman
Recurring[edit]
Jim Rash as Fenton
Bret Harrison as Charlie
Jud Tylor as Samantha
Lara Everly as Hilary
Guest[edit]
Yvette Nicole Brown as Sgt. Davis
Allison Munn as Caroline
Special appearance[edit]
Bruce Willis as Vic
Don Knotts as The Landlord
Dick Van Patten as Murph
Gavin MacLeod as Smitty
Isaac Hayes as Himself
Tom Bosley as Dr. Hammond
Barry Williams as Jeff
Christopher Knight as Josh
Justin Long as Andrew
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of That '70s Show episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
179
1 "Bohemian Rhapsody" David Trainer Gregg Mettler November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) 801
Kitty, Fez and Donna record a tape for Eric, summarizing what happened since he left. Red is ashamed of Kitty's experiment with something their son did prior to leaving. Hyde and Jackie argue about their relationship after Hyde punches Kelso, and it worsens when a stripper named Samantha finds the Formans' house and reveals her marriage to Hyde. Charlie falls off the water tower, but lacking Kelso's amazing luck in repeated falls, dies and has the water tower named after him.
180
2 "Somebody to Love" David Trainer Rob Deshotel November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02) 802
After Leo leaves an ambiguous note on Grooves' front door, a teenager named Randy Pearson (new cast member Josh Meyers) applies for a non-existing job. Hyde hires him while he is intoxicated, and after sobering up, wonders if it was a good decision. Jackie, Fez and Donna go to a bar so Jackie could hit on guys and then break their hearts to make her feel better. Red and Kitty try to get Hyde's wife, Samantha, to leave.
181
3 "You're My Best Friend" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore November 9, 2005 (2005-11-09) 803
Randy wants to throw Hyde a belated bachelor party and puts Kelso and Fez in charge of getting Hyde to the Formans' house without him knowing. But Kelso forgets his part of the plan and the guys end up in jail. Meanwhile, the Formans are furious when Leo has the strippers at their house and Jackie is horirfied when Donna befriends Samantha.
182
4 "Misfire" David Trainer Kristin Newman November 16, 2005 (2005-11-16) 804
Kelso makes one last move on Jackie, but is offered a job at the Playboy Club in Chicago. Red and Kitty celebrate their anniversary, and Donna feels bad when Eric calls Kitty much more often than he calls her. Randy tries to console Donna. At the end of the episode, Kelso joins his friends in one last circle before he moves to Chicago.
183
5 "Stone Cold Crazy" David Trainer Dave Schiff November 30, 2005 (2005-11-30) 805
Kitty feels neglected by Red, so Samantha helps her improve her image. Now that Kelso has moved to Chicago, Jackie moves in with Fez, who has to deal with his crazy ex-girlfriend Caroline. With some help from Samantha, Donna takes nude photos to send to Eric; unfortunately, he is not the first one to see them. In a hilarious turn of events, the folder with the photos passes hands from Kitty to Leo; Kitty made the mistake of emptying the folder to put in a Marmaduke comic, and hid it, but it ended up with Hyde. Leo then hid them in a Barry White record that Fez bought at Grooves.
184
6 "Long Away" David Trainer Philip Stark December 7, 2005 (2005-12-07) 806
Donna starts spending more time with Randy, much to Fez and Jackie's suspicion, and the latter decides Eric has to know about this mingling. Red hires Leo to be his photographer at a Veterans' Reunion, as Red is now the most decorated veteran and wants to show off, but Leo steals the spotlight when he reveals his military past. Leo once had a promising life ahead of him following his service in the army, but ended up the stoner he is by accepting a lift home from musicians smoking marijuana. Later, Donna reveals that she and Eric broke up, and that's why she is now hanging out with Randy.
185
7 "Fun It" David Trainer David Spancer December 14, 2005 (2005-12-14) 807
The gang decide to steal the Fatso Burger mascot, unfortunately upsetting the whole town; Jackie is against it due to her fear of clowns. As they are stealing the clown, Bob drives up to place an order. Fez (who was forced to duck behind the clown to avoid being seen) pretends to be an employee speaking over the intercom and angers Bob so that he speeds away. The guys and Donna emerge from where they were hiding and take the clown back to the Formans' basement. Kitty finds Fatso's head inside the freezer, demanding the kids put him back. They attempt doing so, but Fez doesn't fasten the bolts correctly and accidentally knocks Fatso down, smashing him to pieces. Everyone flees, but only after Donna snatches the clown's nose.
186
8 "Good Company" David Trainer Dean Batali January 12, 2006 (2006-01-12) 808
Jackie discovers Donna's crush on Randy, while Kitty is angry at Fez after he begins dating one of her friends. Donna's birthday is approaching and her friends don't know what present to give her.
187
9 "Who Needs You" David Trainer Sarah McLaughlin January 19, 2006 (2006-01-19) 809
Kitty and Red get annoyed with Hyde and Samantha's constant fighting. After Jackie floods Fez's apartment and almost gets them evicted, she decides to help in the most feminine way. Donna tries to get people to donate money for a children's library and is in for some disappointment about the fans of "Hot Donna"; her popularity has gone down, forcing her to make drastic promises. Hyde later reveals to Red and Kitty that his and Samantha's arguing is to spice up their love life, which had gotten boring; intrigued, Red and (after some initial confusion) Kitty give it a try.
188
10 "Sweet Lady" David Trainer Alan Dybner January 26, 2006 (2006-01-26) 810
Donna is suspicious of Randy's intentions when he invites her to a cabin under questionable pretenses. Jackie wants to work for Christine St. George (Mary Tyler Moore), a talk show host for What's Up, Wisconsin?. Hyde meets Red's older friends and questions his marriage.
189
11 "Good Old Fashioned Lover Boy" David Trainer Greg Schaffer & Steve Joe February 2, 2006 (2006-02-02) 811
Jackie needs Kitty's help to get Christine St. George to like her. Leo has a crush on someone quite unexpected and asks the other guys for help.
190
12 "Killer Queen" David Trainer Mark Hudis February 9, 2006 (2006-02-09) 812
It's Valentine's Day, and Hyde forgot. Red shows Hyde a stash of presents he hides in the basement; he keeps them in case of Kitty's birthday, their anniversary or Valentine's Day due to missing Kitty's birthday one year (Kitty's Birthday (That Today?!!) in Season Three). After Hyde makes his pick, Red comes down later for Kitty's gift to find the stash missing; it turns out Samantha had caught Hyde with the stash and mistook it all as his gift for her. Fez and Jackie fake a relationship for Christine St. George on What's Up, Wisconsin? when a guest fails to appear. Donna helps Randy plan out his Valentine's Day and is surprised to learn who his date is.
191
13 "Spread Your Wings" David Trainer Gregg Mettler March 16, 2006 (2006-03-16) 813
Donna unsuccessfully tries to keep her relationship with Randy a secret. Fez tries to impress a co-worker named Hillary at all costs, while Jackie gets a new job, but finds it quite disappointing. Kitty and Red clean Eric's old bedroom with Randy's help. Things take a turn for the worse when Kitty catches Randy and Donna kissing in the room.
192
14 "Son and Daughter" David Trainer Ken Blankstein March 23, 2006 (2006-03-23) 814
Hyde has to watch over his father's house when he goes out of town. A subsequent party goes out of control and only Leo can fix the damage. Kitty is still furious at Donna for kissing Randy in Eric's old bedroom and tries to ridicule her. After defending Randy, Red stays at Bob's to avoid further fights with Kitty. Donna later explains that she broke up with Eric to Kitty, who understands and forgives Red for standing up to her.
193
15 "Keep Yourself Alive" David Trainer Gregg Mettler April 13, 2006 (2006-04-13) 815
Fez loses Kitty's wedding ring and the gang spends their night in the woods looking for it, with Donna and Randy trying desperately to be alone, but unable due to Jackie and Hyde's fighting. Red is uncomfortable when Bob says too much about the same ring in front of Kitty.
194
16 "My Fairy King" David Trainer Philip Stark April 27, 2006 (2006-04-27) 816
Hyde finds out a terrible truth about Samantha that causes their marriage to end; she's already married to a much older man, meaning that their marriage is fake. Red finds a rival muffler shop is taking all his customers; without much choice, he decides to go into retirement. Jackie makes up a list of qualities she needs in a man and is overwhelmed when she realizes who her perfect match is... it's no other than the very man who has been after her from the beginning - Fez.
195
17 "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" David Trainer Kristin Newman April 27, 2006 (2006-04-27) 817
Jackie goes to a therapist to understand her feelings for Fez; she learns that she only wanted Kelso and Hyde before since they were unavailable, and now that Fez is dating, she wants him. Hyde keeps a retired Red busy, but regrets it later. Meanwhile, Fez is shocked to find his girlfriend dumping him for a very unusual reason; believing no-one could do better than Fez for sex, she decides to become a nun. Jackie learns of Fez's dilemma, and much to her own surprise, she finds herself still wanting him.
196
18 "We Will Rock You" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore May 4, 2006 (2006-05-04) 818
The gang meets a variety of people at a "Disco Sucks" bonfire. Jackie unsuccessfully tries to use the occasion to get closer to Fez. Kitty and Red have a visit from new neighbors (Barry Williams & Christopher Knight), but there is just something about them that they didn't expect: the new neighbors are gay.
197
19 "Sheer Heart Attack" David Trainer Steve Joe & Greg Schaffer May 4, 2006 (2006-05-04) 819
After numerous amorous adventures, Fez decides to stay with only one girl, and returns to ex-girlfriend (the psychotic) Caroline, much to Jackie's dismay. Red and Hyde try to sell unneeded heart pills without Kitty's consent; Red's friends are grateful for them, as one can fall asleep before his wife now. When Kitty mistakenly believes Hyde is stealing his stash, he blackmails Red into getting him a television. However, one of Red's friends shows up for some of the pills, blowing their cover.
198
20 "Leaving Home Ain't Easy" David Trainer Chris Peterson & Bryan Moore & Kristin Newman May 11, 2006 (2006-05-11) 820
Bob wants Red and Kitty to move to Florida with him, while Randy suggests Donna move in with him. To Red's surprise, Bob has decided on the genius move of opening a bait shop in a neighborhood five miles from any other; they end up fighting over what to name the shop, since Bob's ideas are ridiculous puns. Although she had been crying, Jackie snaps back to her old shallow; she has decided to harm Fez emotionally, just as he did to her. Among many things, Jackie ruins the buttons on Fez's shirts and graffitis offensive messages on his car. At his wits end, Fez decides to take revenge on Jackie the best way he knows how; he puts green dye in her shampoo. When confronted, Fez tells Jackie that he just made her as ugly on the outside as she is on the inside.
199
21 "Love of My Life" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18) 821
Hyde finds a memo from his father, revealing that the Grooves franchise has been sold for a ridiculous amount of money. Fez's friend visits from their home country, bringing more powerful marijuana. Hyde takes too much and hallucinates everyone as different versions himself; as result, he cleans up his act and becomes a more efficient person. At the same time Red and Kitty try to sell their house, and Randy tries to figure out what went wrong in his relationship with Donna. The gang help Hyde understand it wasn't the marijuana that made him freak out; the thought of losing his job and not knowing what to do next was. Hyde's father visits Grooves, revealing that the Point Place store is to be left to Hyde, who "celebrates" with Leo and his father. Fez's friend convinces him to return home, since Jackie has rejected him. However, once Jackie learns just how heartbroken she made Fez, she decides to give being a couple a try, forgiving him. Kitty informs everyone Eric is coming home from Africa.
200
22 "That '70s Finale" David Trainer Gregg Mettler May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18) 822
In the 200th episode and series finale, it is December 31, 1979, the final day of the 1970s. In a bit of a clip show, all the characters reminisce about the decade. Hyde helps a hesitant Kitty and Red decide about moving. Fez searches for the perfect time and place for his first kiss with Jackie while Kelso returns to spend the last night of the 1970s with his friends. Kelso also falls off the water tower (again), after being tricked by Fez and Hyde. Red and Kitty announce to their guests that they decided not to move to Florida. As Donna leaves the room for some air, Eric returns just in time for New Year's Eve. He apologizes to Donna, who says things "are a lot different now", and they kiss and reconcile. Eric then joins the guys in the final "circle" of the decade when Donna and Jackie tell them to get upstairs. But before they do, Eric states the last person upstairs has to call Red a dumbass. Everyone races upstairs, leaving Kelso behind after Hyde pushes him. Kelso is the final character to be seen as he grabs "the stupid helmet" and prepares to call Red a dumbass. As the 1970s end, the episode ends in a final shot of the Formans' basement with the kids and adults upstairs counting down to one (with the episode ending abruptly just as they reach "one", and the '70s officially end). Then shows the car license plate one last time reading "That '70s Show" along with the year saying 80. The credits show the gang from season 1 singing "Hello It's Me" by Todd Rundgren.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Credited from "Somebody to Love" onwards.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "That '70s Show - Season 8". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
That '70s Show Episode Guide at The New York Times
External links[edit]
List of That '70s Show episodes on IMDb
List of That '70s Show season 8 episodes at TV.com
That '70s Show at epguides.com
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Souls of the Departed
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12th episode of the fifth season of Once Upon a Time
"Souls of the Departed"
Once Upon a Time episode
Episode no.
Season 5
Episode 12
Directed by
Ralph Hemecker
Written by
Edward Kitsis
Adam Horowitz
Production code
512
Original air date
March 6, 2016 (2016-03-06)
Guest appearance(s)
Lee Arenberg as Leroy/Grumpy/Dreamy
Emma Caulfield as the Blind Witch
Giancarlo Esposito as Magic Mirror/Sidney Glass
Greg Germann as Hades
Barbara Hershey as Cora/Queen of Hearts
Robbie A Kay as Malcolm/Peter Pan/Pied Piper
Tony Perez as Prince Henry/Henry Mills
Michael Raymond-James as Baelfire/Neal Cassidy
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Swan Song" Next →
"Labor of Love"
Once Upon a Time (season 5)
List of Once Upon a Time episodes
"Souls of the Departed" is the twelfth episode and midseason premiere of the fifth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on March 6, 2016. It is also the series' 100th episode.
In this episode, Emma, Snow, David, Regina, Henry, Robin, and Mr. Gold arrive in the Underworld. In flashbacks, the Evil Queen celebrates her birthday.
Contents
1 Plot
1.1 Opening sequence
1.2 Event chronology
1.3 In the Characters' Past
1.4 In the Underworld
2 Production Notes
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Opening sequence[edit]
The fallen Storybrooke clock tower in the Underworld appears in the red-tinted forest.
Event chronology[edit]
The Enchanted Forest events take place after "Page 23" and some time before "Hat Trick". The Storybrooke events take place during "Swan Song", after Emma makes a deal with Mr. Gold and before the group's departure for the Underworld. The Underworld events take place after Hook's death in "Swan Song".
In the Characters' Past[edit]
In the Enchanted Forest, Prince Henry is trying to convince his daughter, Regina, still after Snow White's heart, to give up vengeance, but she is unable to let go of her anger. He turns to the Magic Mirror in desperation to speak with Cora, believing that the best way to force Regina to get over Snow White is to just help her complete her plot, which Prince Henry is not in favor of. Unknown to Prince Henry and Regina, Cora has managed to enter the realm of the Enchanted Forest through the mirror again. Later on, Prince Henry meets with Snow White in the woods. When she sees the real Prince Henry approaching her, she realizes that the first Prince Henry was actually Cora, who rips out her heart while she is distracted. Cora takes Snow's heart to Regina as a birthday present, only to then learn that Snow switched it out with that of a guard. It turned out that Prince Henry saved Snow White by switching the hearts. A furious Regina then shrinks her father and condemns him into the very box that was holding the heart. Regina confronts Cora and sends her mother back into the mirror and seals it forever. At the last minute Cora takes the box containing her husband so Regina will be truly alone.
In the Underworld[edit]
In what appears to be a dream, Emma wakes up in a car and is greeted by Neal, who tells her that he's just sending her a "long distance call from an old friend." He explains that he personally isn't in the Underworld, as it is only for those who have unfinished business, and that once they arrive, it's very hard to leave. Neal warns Emma not to go, but she refuses to listen to his advice and he knew she would and so he tells her he loves her and kisses her goodbye and Emma wakes up. As Emma, Gold, Mary Margaret, David, Henry, Regina, and Robin Hood arrive in the Underworld in their quest to find Hook, the ensemble comes across a brimstone-hued version of Storybrooke. Gold tells them that every soul with unfinished business lives here until it is fulfilled, and since they have arrived that means they are ready to finish it as they were responsible, as Emma sees Cruella's car that serves as an example.
As they split up Regina and Robin are being followed by a resident (the person that Regina choked back in the Enchanted Forest), who leads them to Cora, who is the mayor of the Underworld Storybrooke. Cora offers Regina a way out, telling her she has one hour to leave on the ferry with Henry and Robin. She then takes Regina to a ledge over the Phlegethon, the River of Fire. She threatens to send Regina's father to a worse place if Regina does not comply, and she uses her messenger as an example by sending him off into the flames. Around the same time, Mary Margaret enters a Underworld version of Granny's and is recognized by the Blind Witch by her smell, and is then encountered by David wearing different clothes and proceeds to kiss her, as she realizes it's James, who is the "Sheriff" in this world. Gold goes to the Underworld version of his pawn shop and encounters his father Malcolm, whose soul must live as Peter Pan. Knowing already what Gold wants, Pan is willing to make a deal with no strings attached. However, he urges Gold to leave the Underworld, telling him that the others aren't his real friends, but Gold ignores his plea, accepting some sort of potion. Pan ominously adds that he himself would be able to leave, if only he could trade places with a living soul, although Gold refuses this. As everyone meets up again, Regina tells the others about Cora's warning, while Gold gives Emma the potion he obtained, which is from DunBroch, and can be used to summon the dead by pouring it over someone's grave. Gold explains it can be used to summon Hook and ask him where he is, but will not join them as he has decided that he is returning to Storybrooke.
The group travels to the site of Hook's grave (everyone in the underworld has a grave site) and Emma pours the ale of Seonaidh potion (Seonaidh is a Celtic water spirit from the Isle of Lewis) on the ground but lacks the power to bring him back, although they get a glimpse of an injured Hook before the potion wears off. Regina uses the potion and finds the soul of her father Prince Henry. Prince Henry tells Regina she has come too far to betray her friends now and tells her she must stay. Regina races to the banishment site with Henry as Cora attempts to banish the elder Henry, only to see the flames die down and a pathway to heaven open up. Since Regina has chosen to stay, remain a hero, and is no longer under the influence of her mother, Prince Henry's unfinished business is resolved. With his soul at peace, he is accepted into "a better place," and departs the Underworld after saying goodbye to Regina and Henry, who meets his namesake for the first time. The heroes realize they could potentially rescue all the souls here, and continue their quest to find Hook with this in mind. Cora meets with the ruler of the Underworld, Hades, who wishes the heroes gone (the clock on the broken tower will tick each time a soul leaves the Underworld), and punishes Cora for her failure with an eternity as a miller's daughter once again.
Production Notes[edit]
This episode would become the final one that was produced by Scott Nimerfro, who died on April 17, 2016 after a battle with angiosarcoma, a cancer in the inner lining of the blood vessels.[1][2]
Reception[edit]
The episode received positive reviews, but noted that there are areas the producers could make improvements on.
In a review from Rickey.org, Nick Roman said, "“Souls of the Departed” is a story of redemption, and perhaps Season 5B could be similarly redemptive to any OUAT fans who weren't thrilled with the direction Season 5A took. I suppose we'll see. Either way, I'm in for the ride."[3]
Andrea Towers of Entertainment Weekly notes in her assessment of the review: "Once Upon a Time has taken us pretty much everywhere in and out of fairy tale lore over the past five years: Storybrooke, the Enchanted Forest, Arendelle, Neverland. Tonight, with a return marking the show's midseason premiere, as well as its landmark 100th episode, Once gave us something old (daddy issues), something new (the Underworld), something borrowed (a potion) and something blue (that classic Hades hair)," but later sums up the entire episode: "I know we're going to be dealing with a lot of returning cast in the coming weeks, but admittedly, I was a wee bit let down by the fact this was touted as Once's big reunion episode, and the only significant people we saw from the past were Neal, Cora, and Pan. What I am happy about, though, is the prospect that Regina may end up being wholly important to this Underworld story line. Maybe she'll finally get an arc that's more than just waffling between good and evil. More importantly, it seems like everyone in the Underworld is either in cahoots with Hades or being manipulated by him in some way. Both Pan and Cora were keen on persuading their still-living significant family members, with Cora asking Regina to leave and Pan asking Rumple to save him. I'm interested in seeing exactly what's going on in this little corner of hell and exactly how Once is going to wade through this new road of storytelling.[4]
Amy Ratcliffe of IGN said of the episode, "The return of Once Upon a Time served as set up for the final half of Season 5. They used the Underworld to bring back a ton of characters for quick check-ins, but Neal and Henry were the only ones who really strongly impacted the story and the Storybrooke team. Emotions fell flat across the board otherwise, except for the moment where Emma briefly saw Hook. They do have a compelling enough reason to stay in the Underworld -- though why Snow and Charming would spend so much time away from their newborn confuses me -- but overall, the episode was all about getting the board ready."[5] Ratcliffe gave the episode a 7.0 rating out of 10.[5]
Gwen Ihnat of The A.V. Club gave the episode an excellent review, giving it a B.[6] In her recap, she points out: "With “Souls Of The Departed” Once Upon a Time, believe it or not, has just crossed a key threshold: 100 episodes. For all this show's inanities and love of catchphrases and gaping plot holes where logic should exist, there's clearly something very compelling about Storybrooke and its residents that resonates with viewers. In my own home, it's a decent family watch, that the kids find intriguing and even occasionally scary enough not to be lame, and the adults in the house can still take an interest. And the show still finds surprising mileage out of turning fairy tale tropes on their ear, or offering different sides of characters we think we know well."[6]
Christine Orlando of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.2 out of 5.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Scott Nimerfro, Writer and Producer on ABC's 'Once Upon a Time,' Dies at 54" from The Hollywood Reporter (April 17, 2016)
Jump up ^ "Scott Nimerfro, ‘Hannibal’ and ‘Once Upon a Time’ Producer, Dies at 54" rom The Wrap (April 19, 2016)
Jump up ^ ‘Once Upon A Time’ Midseason Premiere Review: Regina Comes Full Circle In ‘Souls of the Departed’" from Rickey.org (March 6, 2016)
Jump up ^ "Once Upon a Time recap: Souls of the Departed" from Entertainment Weekly (March 6, 2016)
^ Jump up to: a b Ratcliffe, Amy (March 6, 2016). "Once Upon a Time: "Souls of the Departed" Review". IGN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Ihnat, Gwen (March 6, 2016). "Once Upon A Time visits bizarro world". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Orlando, Christine (December 6, 2015). "Once Upon a Time Season 5 Episode 11 Review: "Souls of the Deaparted"". TV Fanatic. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
External links[edit]
"Souls of the Departed" on IMDb
"Souls of the Departed" at TV.com
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Once Upon a Time episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Thing You Love Most"
"Snow Falls"
"The Price of Gold"
"That Still Small Voice"
"The Shepherd"
"The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter"
"Desperate Souls"
"True North"
"7:15 A.M."
"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree"
"Skin Deep"
"What Happened to Frederick"
"Dreamy"
"Red-Handed"
"Heart of Darkness"
"Hat Trick"
"The Stable Boy"
"The Return"
"The Stranger"
"An Apple Red as Blood"
"A Land Without Magic"
Season 2
"Broken"
"We Are Both"
"Lady of the Lake"
"The Crocodile"
"The Doctor"
"Tallahassee"
"Child of the Moon"
"Into the Deep"
"Queen of Hearts"
"The Cricket Game"
"The Outsider"
"In the Name of the Brother"
"Tiny"
"Manhattan"
"The Queen Is Dead"
"The Miller's Daughter"
"Welcome to Storybrooke"
"Selfless, Brave and True"
"Lacey"
"The Evil Queen"
"Second Star to the Right"
"And Straight On 'til Morning"
Season 3
"The Heart of the Truest Believer"
"Lost Girl"
"Quite a Common Fairy"
"Nasty Habits"
"Good Form"
"Ariel"
"Dark Hollow"
"Think Lovely Thoughts"
"Save Henry"
"The New Neverland"
"Going Home"
"New York City Serenade"
"Witch Hunt"
"The Tower"
"Quiet Minds"
"It's Not Easy Being Green"
"The Jolly Roger"
"Bleeding Through"
"A Curious Thing"
"Kansas"
"Snow Drifts"
"There's No Place Like Home"
Season 4
"A Tale of Two Sisters"
"White Out"
"Rocky Road"
"The Apprentice"
"Breaking Glass"
"Family Business"
"The Snow Queen"
"Smash the Mirror"
"Fall"
"Shattered Sight"
"Heroes and Villains"
"Darkness on the Edge of Town"
"Unforgiven"
"Enter the Dragon"
"Poor Unfortunate Soul"
"Best Laid Plans"
"Heart of Gold"
"Sympathy for the De Vil"
"Lily"
"Mother"
"Operation Mongoose"
Season 5
"The Dark Swan"
"The Price"
"Siege Perilous"
"The Broken Kingdom"
"Dreamcatcher"
"The Bear and the Bow"
"Nimue"
"Birth"
"The Bear King"
"Broken Heart"
"Swan Song"
"Souls of the Departed"
"Labor of Love"
"Devil's Due"
"The Brothers Jones"
"Our Decay"
"Her Handsome Hero"
"Ruby Slippers"
"Sisters"
"Firebird"
"Last Rites"
"Only You"
"An Untold Story"
Season 6
"The Savior"
"A Bitter Draught"
"The Other Shoe"
"Strange Case"
"Street Rats"
"Dark Waters"
"Heartless"
"I'll Be Your Mirror"
"Changelings"
"Wish You Were Here"
"Tougher Than the Rest"
"Murder Most Foul"
"Ill-Boding Patterns"
"Page 23"
"A Wondrous Place"
"Mother's Little Helper"
"Awake"
"Where Bluebirds Fly"
"The Black Fairy"
"The Song in Your Heart"
"The Final Battle"
Season 7
"Hyperion Heights"
"A Pirate's Life"
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
"Beauty"
"Greenbacks"
"Wake Up Call"
"Eloise Gardener"
"Pretty in Blue"
"One Little Tear"
"The Eighth Witch"
"Secret Garden"
"A Taste of the Heights"
"Knightfall"
"The Girl in the Tower"
"Sisterhood"
"Breadcrumbs"
"Chosen"
"The Guardian"
"Flower Child"
"Is This Henry Mills?"
"Homecoming"
“Leaving Storybrooke”
Wonderland
"Down the Rabbit Hole"
"Trust Me"
"Forget Me Not"
"The Serpent"
"Heart of Stone"
"Who's Alice"
"Bad Blood"
"Home"
"Nothing to Fear"
"Dirty Little Secrets"
"Heart of the Matter"
"To Catch a Thief"
"And They Lived..."
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