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Blossom (TV series)
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Blossom
Genre
Sitcom[1]
Created by
Don Reo[2]
Starring
Mayim Bialik[3]
Joey Lawrence
Michael Stoyanov
Jenna von Oÿ[4]
David Lascher
Portia Dawson
Barnard Hughes
Finola Hughes
Courtney Chase
Ted Wass
Theme music composer
Stephen Geyer
Mike Post
Opening theme
"My Opinionation" performed by Dr. John (seasons 1-4)
Composer(s)
Frank Denson
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
114 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Don Reo
Paul Junger Witt
Tony Thomas
Gene Reynolds
David Amico
Judith D. Allison (seasons 4–5)
Rob LaZebnik (season 4)
Allan Katz (season 5)
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
22–25 minutes
Production company(s)
Impact Zone Productions
Witt/Thomas Productions
Touchstone Television
Distributor
Disney-ABC Domestic Television (formerly Buena Vista Television)
Release
Original network
NBC
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
July 5, 1990 (1990-07-05) (pilot preview)
January 3, 1991 (1991-01-03) – May 22, 1995 (1995-05-22)
(as a regular series)[5]
Blossom is an American sitcom broadcast for five seasons on NBC. It debuted as a pilot preview on July 5, 1990, and premiered as a mid-season replacement on January 3, 1991, and aired until May 22, 1995. Don Reo created the series, which starred Mayim Bialik as Blossom Russo, a teenager living with her father and two elder brothers.[2][6][7] It was produced by Reo's Impact Zone Productions and Witt/Thomas Productions in association with Touchstone Television.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Characters
2.1 Main characters
2.2 Supporting characters
3 Series development
3.1 Beginnings
3.2 Pilot episode
4 Production
4.1 Opening sequences
5 Crossovers
6 Episodes
7 Nielsen ratings
8 Syndication
9 DVD releases
10 In popular culture
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The series focuses on the life of Blossom Russo (Mayim Bialik), an Italian American teenager. It began with Blossom's mother having left the family to pursue her own life and career, and focused on the family's attempts to adjust. Blossom's father, Nick, an overprotective, somewhat conservative session musician who was frequently between gigs and tours, was played by Ted Wass. Her older brother Tony (Michael Stoyanov) was a recovering alcoholic and drug addict who eventually became a paramedic. Joey (Joey Lawrence), the middle brother (called Donnie in the pilot), was a stereotypical "dumb jock," known for the drawn-out delivery of his catchphrase "Whoa!" She frequently received advice in fantasy scenes, from celebrities such as Mr. T, Hugh Hefner, Phylicia Rashad, David Spade, ALF, Will Smith, and God (played by Don Novello). Blossom's mother, Maddy Russo, was played by Melissa Manchester.
Blossom's best friend Six Lemeure (Jenna von Oÿ) also played a significant part in her life. Six, an especially fast talker, was best known for her tendency to ramble.
Characters[edit]
Main characters[edit]
Blossom Ruby Russo (played by Mayim Bialik) – The youngest child and only daughter of Nick and Maddy Russo,[7] best friend of Six, and longtime on-again off-again girlfriend of Vinnie. Blossom learns many hard lessons from the lives of herself, her family and Six, including about abuse, alcohol, drugs, divorce, and many more. Blossom is especially close to her family (including maternal grandfather, Buzz) and develops a strong relationship with her father and two brothers (partially due to the abandonment of her mother). In later seasons, after Nick remarries, Blossom resents but eventually grows to respect her stepmother Carol and new step-sister, Kennedy. In one episode, Blossom learns from Nick that she was named after jazz singer Blossom Dearie.
Joseph "Joey" Russo (played by Joey Lawrence as a teenager, Matthew Lawrence at age 11, Andrew Lawrence at age 2) – A not-so-smart baseball player, ladies man and middle child. Joey once questions his paternity after believing that there was a mix up at the hospital at the time of his birth (with Blossom and Tony joking that he lacks the Russo "nose"). He can be sweet and smart when he can put in effort. Despite his dopiness, Joey gets accepted to Arizona State University, but decides to play professional baseball after graduating from high school. His catch phrase is "Whoa!". In the pilot episode Joey's name is Donnie.
Anthony "Tony" Russo (played by Michael Stoyanov) – A recovering drug addict and alcoholic, he has difficulty remembering four years of his life.[2] He worked at a doughnut shop for a while before becoming a paramedic. He is extremely close to Blossom, who often comes to him for advice. He has a long term relationship with Playboy bunny, Rhonda, but later marries Shelly in Las Vegas, after a night of debauchery. Despite the suddenness of their wedding, they decide to give the relationship a try and ultimately decide to stay together. Tony and Shelly welcome a son, Nash Metropolitan Russo, into the world in November 1994. The character was named after the show's executive producer Tony Thomas.
Nicholas "Nick" Russo (played by Ted Wass) – The father of Blossom, Joey and Tony. The main caregiver for his three children after his wife, Maddy, leaves the family. He works as a piano player, playing various gigs with a wide range of bands. He and Carol eventually get married, making him the stepfather to Carol's daughter, Kennedy, and he later becomes the grandfather to Tony's child. Nick also treats Blossom's friend, Six, as his own daughter. Because of Tony's alcoholism and drug addiction, he has become overprotective of Joey and Blossom, and has developed a somewhat conservative attitude to parenting. In the pilot, the father was named Terry Russo (played by Richard Masur), who worked as an accountant.
Six Dorothy Lemeure (played by Jenna von Oÿ) – Blossom's best friend who has a crush on Joey. Her parents are divorced. In the pilot, she alludes to the fact that she was named Six because of the number of beers her father drank in order to get her mother pregnant. A later explanation is that she was the sixth child in her family, although none of her siblings are ever seen. Six goes through many hard times including becoming an alcoholic, dating a married older man, and a pregnancy scare. She thinks of the Russo family as her own family and talks rapidly when she is happy, angry, or nervous. Producers originally offered the role to Melissa Joan Hart who declined and took the lead role on Clarissa Explains It All instead.[8] Von Oÿ is credited in the pilot's opening sequence, but for the first season was moved to the closing credits as a "guest star". Between the shooting of the Blossom pilot and its pick-up as a regular series, von Oÿ had earned a part on the CBS sitcom Lenny (also from Witt/Thomas and Don Reo). With the cancellation of Lenny by March 1991, von Oÿ had reclaimed her originally intended status as a regular Blossom cast member and in season two moved back to the opening credits.
Vincent "Vinnie" Bonitardi (played by David Lascher) – Blossom's on-again, off-again boyfriend. Nick does not always like him, but their relationship improves over time. Vinnie gets along with Blossom's family for the most part and though he projects a tough-guy image, can be quite sweet at times.
Rhonda Jo Applegate (played by Portia Dawson) – Tony's former on-again, off-again girlfriend. Rhonda is a pin-up model on whom Joey also has a crush.
Buzz Richman (played by Barnard Hughes) – Father of Maddy and grandfather of Blossom, Joey, and Tony. Buzz is a war veteran and has been married multiple times, but Ruby was his first and Maddy's mother. He loves women, cigars, jokes, and alcohol and moves into the Russo household for a while.
Carol Russo (played by Finola Hughes) – An Englishwoman with a daughter named Kennedy, she eventually marries Nick, becoming the stepmother to his three children. She and Kennedy's father are divorced, but still have an amicable relationship. In the penultimate episode of the series, Carol realizes that she's pregnant with Nick's child.
Kennedy Russo (played by Courtney Chase) – A young, precocious English girl about age eight who is Carol's daughter with her Scottish ex-husband, Graham. She has puppy love for Joey for a period and after a while, bonds with Tony and Blossom.
Supporting characters[edit]
Madeline "Maddy" Richman Russo (played by Melissa Manchester) – Ex-wife of Nick, and mother of Blossom, Joey and Tony who left (before her first appearance) to have her own life. She moves to Paris to pursue a singing career and returns a few years later in an attempt to re-connect. (In the pilot, the mother was named Barbara Russo, played by Barrie Youngfellow, who had not left the family.)
Sharon Lemeure (Gail Edwards) – The mother of Six who is divorced and dated Nick at one time. Sharon tries to be a good mother, although Six gets in some trouble at times. She is almost identical to her daughter in several ways, including her habit of talking very fast when nervous, upset, or happy. She and her daughter have been known to mirror each other on several occasions.
Shelly Lewis Russo (Samaria Graham) – Wife of Tony and mother of Nash.[9] She is an illustrator who planned to marry her boyfriend Roscoe in Las Vegas when she got drunk, married Tony, then fell in love. Shelly gave birth to son Nash in the backseat of a vintage Nash Metropolitan.
Agnes (played by Eileen Brennan) – Blossom's neighbor/confidant who was seen during the show's first season.
Mrs. Peterson (played by Phyllis Diller) – An elderly paramedic that is paired up with Tony. She has a habit of smoking which annoys Tony.
Carl Lewis (played by Ivory Ocean) – The father of Shelly Lewis.
Series development[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
In 1988, series creator Don Reo had begun a producing partnership with Paul Junger Witt and Tony Thomas, in which the latter two were bringing his screenplays to television under the established Witt/Thomas Productions nameplate. The genesis of the project that eventually became Blossom occurred soon after Reo's association with Witt and Thomas began, and coincided with another series they were bringing to CBS in 1989, Heartland. The project that would be Blossom had two sources of inspiration. The creation process was born when Reo attended a family party thrown by his long-time friend Dion DiMucci, the lead singer of Dion and the Belmonts. Reo regarded DiMucci as being a "hip, with-it musician father", giving calm, sage, non-judgmental advice to his children and loving them unconditionally. During the party, DiMucci demonstrated and reinforced the interraction with his children, and inspired Reo to him to his family dynamic for a pilot in which the "cool" father would be a highlight.
However, just prior to attending the DiMucci party, Reo had toyed with the idea of writing a pilot that depicted a wise-beyond-his-years, introspective teenage boy, modeled closely after protagonist Holden Caulfield in J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.[10] He decided to include both the hip father and Holden Caulfield-esque boy in the new pilot, with the boy eventually becoming the lead character. With Witt and Thomas' support of the storyline, Reo pitched the project to NBC in 1989 under the title Richie. Reo had the utmost faith in NBC agreeing to the format as it was, and believed that the unique characters would transform family sitcoms if it became a series. NBC liked the screenplay, but ordered changes to the format. Network executives told Reo and Witt/Thomas that they wanted to see the lead character go from being the Holden Caulfield-like Richie to that of his older sister, Blossom, and that the girl should have Richie's character traits instead. At the same time, NBC felt that the combination of such an emotionally intuitive child and a super-chic father was too radical to put on the air, so they urged Reo and Witt/Thomas to give Blossom and her siblings nuclear, conservative parents.
In the Blossom series finale, the titular character records a new entry into her video diary, in which she discusses the changes happening in her life post-high school. As she also examines how much she has grown since her first video diary entry at the beginning of the series, Blossom describes herself as "a teenage Holden Caulfield". Reo wrote the finale with series producer Judith D. Allison, and thus decided to make an allusion to the inspiration of the lead character.
Pilot episode[edit]
At the time Mayim Bialik signed on for the pilot, she had recently worked on another sitcom project for Fox, entitled Molloy. Both NBC, which had bought the Blossom pilot, and Fox were planning to broadcast both Bialik projects in 1990, with either of the two set to continue as a regular series beyond its preview/tryout run, depending on which was more successful. The pilot episode of Blossom was taped in the spring of 1990, and was the first of the projects to air, with NBC broadcasting the pilot as a special on July 5, 1990. Four weeks later, Fox commenced a seven-episode tryout run for Molloy, whose episodes had been produced in 1989, prior to Bialik signing on for the NBC pilot. Molloy faced low ratings, and Fox canceled the series after the seven-episode order completed. NBC executives, who had been pleased with the ratings of the Bialik pilot special, ordered Blossom as a midseason replacement for January 1991.
In the pilot, Blossom Russo lived with both her parents, in a more conservative, nuclear household. Her father was played by Richard Masur, and was named Terry Russo; Barrie Youngfellow (fresh off It's a Living, another Witt/Thomas production) played Blossom's mother, named Barbara Russo. All other cast members were present in the pilot, all with their familiar character names, except for Joey Lawrence's character whose name was Donny Russo. Tony was going through his first drug/alcohol rehab period (in which Terry remarked that "he had a serious problem--he missed all of 1989"), and had his own separate scene with Blossom in the kitchen, late at night, as he gave her sage anecdotes about their lives. Neither of Blossom's parents had musical careers in the pilot, with Terry working as an accountant and Barbara, working as a finance consultant. (Coincidentally, Youngfellow's It's a Living co-star Gail Edwards would later be a recurring guest star during the series' run, as Six's mother, Sharon LeMeure).
The original subject of divorce, was carried out differently after the pilot, involved Blossom suspecting that her parents were having marriage troubles.[11] Blossom confides in Six about the fights and discussions she overheard them having, which is followed by Terry and Barbara's announcement over dinner that they were going to meet with an attorney friend. Blossom's fears continue to grow until her parents reveal that they were only having their wills drawn up. Notable guest stars in the pilot included Debra Sandlund as Terry's secretary and Justin Whalin as William Zimmerman, a boy at school who wishes to go steady with Blossom.
The original theme music in the pilot was Bobby Brown's 1988 hit single "My Prerogative", which was featured over the first season opening credits format of Blossom dancing in her bedroom, as she taped herself on home video. Between production of the pilot and regular series, the producers hired Dr. John (who had sung a cover of the standard "Accentuate the Positive" as the theme for Bialik's other series, Molloy) to perform the replacement theme, "My Opinionation". The title sequence was re-shot so that Bialik's dancing was more in sync with "My Opinionation". In syndicated reruns of the Blossom pilot, "My Opinionation" is used for the opening sequence, with Bialik's dancing (originally to "My Prerogative") noticeably out-of-sync with the song.
Soon after NBC picked up Blossom as a regular series, Reo successfully convinced programming chief Brandon Tartikoff and his executives to allow the lead character to have the chic, divorced musician father he had originally envisioned for the project. Masur and Youngfellow were dismissed and Witt and Thomas then convinced Ted Wass, who had previously starred on their 1970s sitcom Soap, to portray Blossom's single dad Nick Russo, on Wass' condition that he could also direct numerous episodes. Mayim Bialik claimed to have had influence in Wass' casting, as she enjoyed auditioning with him the most out of other actors who were trying out when the role was being recast. Earlier, before the pilot was shot, Bialik had single-handedly been responsible for Michael Stoyanov joining the project, after she had seen him as a guest star on sister series Empty Nest. Not only did Bialik enjoy watching Stoyanov, but she also felt they shared a strong physical resemblance, and that they would be believable as brother and sister.
Production[edit]
Five seasons of Blossom were produced, with a total of 114 episodes.
Bill Bixby became a frequent director on the series in its third season, a role he continued for several episodes into the fourth, despite his ongoing battle with prostate cancer. On November 15, 1993, shortly after learning that his illness was terminal, Bixby collapsed on the Blossom set and was hospitalized. He died six days later.[12]
Opening sequences[edit]
The theme song was "My Opinionation" by Mike Post and Steve Geyer and performed by recording artist Dr. John.[1] The opening sequence featured Blossom filming herself in her bedroom on home video dancing, performing aerobics, making silly faces, pretending to talk on the phone, etc.
Season two switched exclusively to a sequence of dance moves by the title character, this time on film and in front of a pastel blue/pink background. Blossom's outfit changed in each dancing scene, and a variety of dance moves were performed, from belly dancing to voguing. The second season added Barnard Hughes to the show and opening credits, under the "With" heading, preceding Ted Wass.
In the third season, the dancing concept was expanded upon in the opening sequence. Core cast members Lawrence, Stoyanov, von Oÿ and Wass joined Bialik as she danced. They each appeared one at a time as their credit was shown around Blossom's dancing. With Barnard Hughes relegated to recurring status on the show, his name no longer appeared in the opening credits, but Portia Dawson and David Lascher's names were added (despite their not being physically present in the sequence). This version of the intro lasted through the end of season four. Also beginning in season three, most segments of the show opened and closed with the first frame of a scene being frozen in a multi-colored watercolor effect. The watercolor stills lasted through the end of the series.
The fifth and final season dropped a full-fledged intro, instead displaying the Blossom logo over the watercolor effect that opened and closed segments, while a short piano remix of the first few notes of "My Opinionation" played to open the show. The opening credits ran over the prologue of the episode. During the 1994-95 season, NBC began running its credits in the squeeze-screen format.[6]
Crossovers[edit]
Because Blossom aired immediately after The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air on NBC for a period, NBC cross-promoted the shows on two occasions. Will Smith appeared in I'm With The Band as himself under his rap stage name, The Fresh Prince, and later that season, Karyn Parsons made an appearance on the show in Wake Up Little Suzy as her Fresh Prince character, Hilary Banks. Estelle Getty appeared in one episode as Sophia Petrillo, her character from The Golden Girls and Empty Nest.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Blossom episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 14 July 5, 1990 April 29, 1991
2 24 September 16, 1991 May 4, 1992
3 26 August 10, 1992 May 17, 1993
4 28 September 19, 1993 May 23, 1994
5 22 September 26, 1994 May 22, 1995
Nielsen ratings[edit]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Monday 8:30 p.m. 13 January 3, 1991 (1991-01-03) TBD April 29, 1991 (1991-04-29) TBD 1990–91 44 11.284
2 24 September 16, 1991 (1991-09-16) TBD May 4, 1992 (1992-05-04) TBD 1991–92 34 12.075
3 26 August 10, 1992 (1992-08-10) TBD May 17, 1993 (1993-05-17) TBD 1992–93 27 12.569
4 28 September 19, 1993 (1993-09-19) TBD May 23, 1994 (1994-05-23) TBD 1993–94 32 12.520
5 22 September 26, 1994 (1994-09-26) TBD May 22, 1995 (1995-05-22) TBD 1994–95 55 9.922
Syndication[edit]
Reruns of Blossom were syndicated for several years in the 1990s, including on Superstation WGN. After its syndication run ended, the series would not return to U.S. television.
Discovery Family ran the series for two runs: one from July 7 to October 12, 2014 (when the channel was still named the Hub Network) and the other from April 2 to December 23, 2016; in the latter run, it was the only sitcom on the channel's lineup.
DVD releases[edit]
On January 27, 2009, Shout! Factory (under license from rights-holders ABC and Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment) released Seasons 1 & 2 of Blossom on DVD in Region 1. The 6-disc boxset includes all-new interviews with cast members, the original pilot episode, featurettes and audio commentaries.[13]
Mill Creek Entertainment released a 10 episode best-of set entitled Blossom - 10 Very Special Episodes on October 12, 2010. The single disc release features episodes from the first 2 seasons.[14]
DVD name
Ep #
Release date
Blossom: Seasons 1 & 2 38 January 27, 2009
In popular culture[edit]
In the Simpsons episode "Summer of 4 Ft. 2", the Simpson family goes on vacation to a small beach resort town. While there, Lisa decides to change her image and buys a new set of clothes that she believes will make her look "cool". She then begins hanging around with a new set of trendy children. Milhouse, who accompanied the Simpson family on their trip, sees Lisa with her new friends and remarks to Bart, "Hey, Bart. Lisa's skateboarding with some cool kids. And she looks like Blossom!"
In season 9, episode 13 of Married... with Children, Al Bundy beats up a thug threatening a senator after said senator rules that Psycho Dad will stay off the air. When the senator offers to grant Al Bundy any favor, rather than asking for Psycho Dad to return to air, Al instead comments "Cancel Blossom. Maybe that's where the guy (referring to the thug) got the idea for the hat."
Saturday Night Live parodied Blossom in an episode hosted by Sara Gilbert that aired on January 15, 1994. The sketched centered around Blossom telling her father that she plans on having sex with her boyfriend for the 4th time. Cast member Melanie Hutsell portrayed Blossom, Gilbert played Six, Mike Myers played Joey, and Kevin Nealon played Nick.
In the episode hosted by Drake that aired on January 18, 2014, a "Before They Were Stars" sketch featured Rihanna (played by Sasheer Zamata) playing the Barbados version of Blossom Russo. The sketch also lampoons the opening credits of Blossom.
In the Seinfeld episode "The Virgin", Russell Dalrymple was mentioned to be dealing with "a problem on the set of Blossom".
In a season one episode of Friends titled "The One Where Underdog Gets Away", Joey Tribbiani becomes a poster model for the New York City Free Clinic. He arrives at Monica Geller's apartment Thanksgiving morning announcing, "Set another place for Thanksgiving. My entire family thinks I have VD." Chandler Bing responds, "Tonight on a very special "Blossom."
In an episode of 'Til Death, Doug is going to therapy where he believes he is in a sitcom. The therapist, who is Mayim Bialik, refers to herself as a Blossom star. Jenna von Oÿ and Michael Stoyanov were also featured in an episode.
In the episode "Filibuster" of season 6 of Parks and Recreation, Ann Perkins is dressed as Blossom for Ben's '90s themed birthday party.
In one episode of the first season of The Big Bang Theory, when Leonard and Raj are trying to find a fourth team member for a physics competition, Raj refers to Mayim Bialik as "the girl who played TV's Blossom. She got a PhD in neuroscience or something". Bialik later joined the show playing Amy Farrah Fowler. There is also a reference in a later episode – Sheldon and Amy are producing a "couples list" for Halloween, and one of the couples on it is "Blossom and Joey".[15]
In a fourth season 30 Rock episode, "Klaus and Greta", Tracy forgets which floor he is going to in an elevator. When Liz reminds him that it's 6, he says "Six, I knew it was a character from Blossom, but I couldn't find the Joey Russo button."
In the fourth season of Bob's Burgers, in Episode 13 (Mazel Tina), Tammy has a video introduction to her Bat Mitzvah that is a spoof of the intro to Blossom.
See also[edit]
Very special episode
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (October 17, 2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present (9 ed.). Ballantine Books. p. 155. ISBN 0-345-49773-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bernstein, Sharon (April 1, 1991). "'Blossom': Teen's Slant on Problem of Addiction". Los Angeles Times. Times Mirror Company. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Herman, Valli (September 25, 1991). "Tv-watching Teens Turn To 'Blossom' For Fashion Inspiration". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Patterson, Jean. "Young 'Blossom' Fans Soon Can Purchase Her Fashions". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ "BBC - Comedy Guide - Blossom". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on November 9, 2004. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Ted (May 22, 1995). "'Blossom' Goes Off to College as Series Concludes Tonight". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
^ Jump up to: a b Weinstein, Steve (February 15, 1993). "Against All the Odds, 'Blossom' Is Blooming". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (July 12, 2011). "Melissa Joan Hart 'Explains It All' to EW, including how 'Melissa & Joey' is racier than you think". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Mendoza, N.F. (March 13, 1994). "Samaria Graham: Is she what 'Blossom' needs to stay fresh?". Los Angeles Times. Times Mirror Company. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Hentges, Sarah (January 26, 2009). "Blossom: Seasons 1 & 2". PopMatters. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Paskin, Willa (July 28, 2014). "Full Bloom". Slate. Graham Holdings Company. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ Oliver, Myrna (November 23, 1993). "Bill Bixby, Star of TV's 'Incredible Hulk,' Dies". Los Angeles Times. Times Mirror Company. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
Jump up ^ "Shout! Factory Sends Over a Very Special Press Release for Blossom — Seasons 1&2" (Press release). TVShowsOnDVD.com. December 10, 2008. Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Blossom - Mill Creek's 'TV Flashbacks' Release Brings You '10 Very Special Episodes'" (Press release). TVShowsOnDVD.com. September 9, 2010. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Couples Sheldon and Amy Like - Big Bang Theory". Yesterday's Cheese. October 29, 2012. Retrieved 2014-09-08.
External links[edit]
Blossom on IMDb
Blossom at TV.com
Blossom at epguides.com
show
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t
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Dr. John
Studio albums
Gris-Gris (1968)
Babylon (1969)
Remedies (1970)
The Sun, Moon & Herbs (1971)
Dr. John's Gumbo (1972)
In the Right Place (1973)
Desitively Bonnaroo (1974)
City Lights (1978)
Tango Palace (1979)
In a Sentimental Mood (1989)
ZuZu Man (1989)
Goin' Back to New Orleans (1992)
Television (1994)
Duke Elegant (1999)
Locked Down (2012)
Ske-Dat-De-Dat: The Spirit of Satch (2014)
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"Be My Baby"
Related articles
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Outsiders (U.S. TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the Australian news discussion program, see Outsiders (Australian TV program). For the 1990 series based on the S.E. Hinton novel and film of the same name, see The Outsiders (U.S. TV series).
Outsiders
Genre
Drama
Created by
Peter Mattei
Starring
David Morse
Joe Anderson
Gillian Alexy
Ryan Hurst
Kyle Gallner
Christina Jackson
Thomas M. Wright
Theme music composer
Morgan O'Kane
Composer(s)
Dhani Harrison
Paul Hicks
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
26 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Adam Bernstein
Dan Carey
Paul Giamatti
Michael Wimer
Peter Tolan
Peter Mattei
Producer(s)
Larry Rapaport
Location(s)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
West Newton, Pennsylvania
Cinematography
Jamie Reynoso
Scott Peck
Editor(s)
Daniel Gabbe
Howard Leder
Matthew V. Colonna
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
42-50 minutes
Production company(s)
Famous Horses
Fedora Entertainment
Touchy Feely Films
Tribune Studios
Sony Pictures Television
Release
Original network
WGN America
Original release
January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26) – April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25)
External links
Website
Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei. Set in the fictional town of Blackburg, Crockett County, Kentucky, the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia. It is WGN America's third original series, which debuted on January 26, 2016. On March 11, 2016, WGN America renewed Outsiders for a second season which premiered on January 24, 2017.[1] On April 14, 2017, WGN America announced, the series had been canceled after two seasons, with the then forthcoming last episode of the second season, airing as a series finale on the channel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
3 Production
4 Series overview
5 Episodes
5.1 Season 1 (2016)
5.2 Season 2 (2017)
6 Reception
6.1 Reviews
7 References
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Set in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky, the series revolves around the interaction of a group of mountain folk known as the Farrell clan and the locals in the nearby town of Blackburg, Kentucky.
The Farrells are an isolationist group, who shun normal society and live a spartan existence in the woods. Extremely paranoid of outsiders, the family controls a mountain coveted by a national mining outfit for its coal deposits.
At the start of the series, Asa Farrell, a cousin of the ruling family, returns to the mountains after leaving ten years prior in order to join the military and experience life amongst normal society. His arrival coincides with the family matriarch Lady Ray Farrell announcing her intention to cede power to her son, "Big Foster" Farrell. Big Foster, who never forgave Asa for leaving his family, has Asa imprisoned in a cage for six months until he is freed due to his ability to read after an eviction notice is posted at the entrance of the mountain.
In town, the mining company has gained approval to evict the Farrell family from the mountain and seeks to expedite the process so mining operations can begin as soon as possible. Deputy Sheriff Wade Houghton is assigned the task to carry out the eviction process. Deputy Sheriff Houghton however, suffers from alcoholism, opiate addiction, and PTSD due to previous encounters with the violent and cold-blooded Farrell family, and the death of his wife. Houghton attempts to warn his superiors that any sort of eviction process will be bloody, result in loss of life on both sides, and will eventually devolve into a lengthy siege with the Farrells holding the advantage through their extensive knowledge of the mountains.
The eviction leads to a power struggle, as Lady Ray believes that the impending eviction is the apocalyptic event that the family believes in per a family prophecy. Because of this, she pardons Asa, freeing him from the cage and announces a delay in turning over authority to her son. She continues to refuse to change her mind when Big Foster, upset at being denied power, arranges a raid in town of a local mobster that goes bad and costs the life of Big Foster's youngest son.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
David Morse as "Big Foster" Farrell VI,[2] the most powerful male on the hill, and next in line to be Bren'in, the Farrells’ leader. When denied his right of ascension, Farrell takes dangerous action to secure his power and to try to eliminate Asa, whom he considers to be a traitor to his family.
Joe Anderson as Asa Farrell,[2] Big Foster's cousin, who left the mountains to join the military and returns home after a ten-year absence. He was once in love with Lil Foster's lover G'Win, which creates tension as she attempts to help reintegrate him into the tribe.
Gillian Alexy as G'Winveer "G'Win" Farrell,[3] Asa's third cousin and former lover. Currently involved with "Lil Foster", but seeks to help her former lover return to the family. Had a child who is now deceased with 'Lil' Foster.
Ryan Hurst as "Lil Foster" Farrell VIII,[4] Big Foster's eldest son and enforcer and current boyfriend of G'Win.
Kyle Gallner as Hasil Farrell,[5] Asa's fourth cousin, who was maimed by Big Foster after he stole some of the family's wine/moonshine to give to a drug dealer, who bought Hasil a drink when he snuck into town one night. Having lived most of his life on the mountain, Hasil wishes to know more about the civilized world, much to Big Foster's anger and dismay. He's fallen in love with Sally-Ann, a black resident of Blackburg.
Christina Jackson as Sally-Ann,[6] one of the few African-American residents in Blackburg. Sally-Ann strikes up a relationship with Hasil, much to the anger of her brother, who does not want his sister to associate with a Farrell.
Thomas M. Wright as Deputy Sheriff Wade Houghton, Jr.[7] A fifth-generation Houghton to live in Blackburg, second-in-command of the local sheriff's department, and a single father, Houghton is given the assignment of evicting the Farrells from their mountain fortress, a task he fears due to a past encounter his father, a coal company line boss, had with the Farrells that Wade believed caused his father's death. This incident led to Wade developing a great fear of the mountain clan. Suffers from PTSD and alcoholism, and takes unprescribed pills as a result of said encounter.
Recurring[edit]
Phyllis Somerville as Lady Ray Farrell,[2] Big Foster's dead mother and the former Bren'in. Believed by the members of her clan to have special abilities.
Jason McCune as Ned Osborn
Francie Swift as Haylie Grimes[2]
Mark Jeffrey Miller as Craigan "Krake" O'Farrell, runner of the still and maker of Farrell Wine
Eddie Beveridge as Phil'up Farrell
Keith Michael Gregory as Jake Murphy
Johanna McGinley as Annalivia Farrell, the caretaker to the Lady Bren'in.
Barret Hackney as Butch the town drug dealer
Kendall Yeaman as Phelia Farrell, The eyes and ears of the Farrell Clan
Production[edit]
The series, first titled Titans, was created by playwright Peter Mattei, and produced by Peter Tolan and Paul Giamatti for Sony Pictures Television and Tribune Studios.[7] WGN America announced a 13-episode straight-to-series order in August 2014.[8] Production began in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area on May 5, 2015 and ran through September.[9] Mountaintop exteriors were filmed in Henry Kaufmann Family Park in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, while interiors were constructed at 31st Street Studios in the Strip District. Scenes in Blackburg, Kentucky, the fictional town at the base of the mountain, were filmed in Millvale.[10] WGN America renewed the series for a second season. Production resumed in mid-2016 using the same locations around Pittsburgh.[11]
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26) April 19, 2016 (2016-04-19)
2 13 January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24) April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
US viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Farrell Wine" Adam Bernstein Peter Mattei January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26) 1.055[12]
After abandoning his fellow people for several years, Asa Farrell returns to his mountain dwelling family clan. As a result of his actions, his fellow clanspeople ostracize him by locking him in a cage for several months. Asa is later released from his holding cell, at which point he realizes his fellow people are in need of help. A multinational coal company is seeking to vacate the Farrel family from their longtime mountain home in order to tap into the mountains vast coal deposits. Big Foster does not trust Asa after Lady Ray, the clan's leader (or 'Bren'in'), has a vision of Asa saving the clan. Big Foster then decides that he must get rid of Asa by any means possible, as Big Foster sees himself as the true leader of his people.
2
2 "Doomsayer" Adam Bernstein Peter Mattei February 2, 2016 (2016-02-02) 0.840[13]
Big Foster calls in an assembly to banish Asa, as he blames him for bringing the misfortune that lead to the death of his son. Asa does not want to go back to the outside world after completing his incarceration, and claims that they need his literacy and outside views to fight against upcoming eviction. The clan decides on a pit fight between Asa and Lil' Foster, which Asa unexpectedly wins. Wade, the county sheriff, is sent to investigate on the origin of the Farrell Wine moonshine, to help change the public opinion against the Farrells and secure his re-election. He eventually destroys the evidence that he finds.
3
3 "Messengers" Michael Trim Peter Mattei February 9, 2016 (2016-02-09) 0.881[14]
Big Foster and Asa find it difficult to choose different tactics to put a stop to the greedy coal company's assault on their homestead and living off the grid way of life.
4
4 "Rubberneck" Michael Trim Ryan Farley February 16, 2016 (2016-02-16) 0.801[15]
Houghton makes a deadly trip up the mountain while the coal company attempts to spy on the Farrells.
5
5 "Demolition" Jon Amiel Peter Tolan February 23, 2016 (2016-02-23) 0.764[16]
Asa and Big Foster bond during a spontaneous and destructive crime spree.
6
6 "Weapons" Jon Amiel William Schmidt March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01) 0.728[17]
Big Foster's lust for guns blows back on him and the entire Farrell clan.
7
7 "Decomp of a Stuck Pig" Peter Werner Ryan Farley March 8, 2016 (2016-03-08) 0.669[18]
An unnerving road trip puts Asa and Houghton in closer quarters than they ever imagined.
8
8 "It's Good to Be King" Peter Werner Sara Goodman March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15) 0.737[19]
Asa comes out of his cabin getting ready to go to the funeral but is crowded by Big Foster and his gang and is told to leave the mountain. Meanwhile, a funeral is taking place for the late Bren'in, Miss Lady Ray. Big Foster is confronted by his son, Lil' Foster, who tells him that he knows that he killed Miss Lady Ray. Big Foster, now the new Bren'in, proposes to G'Win after Lil' Foster says that she also believes that he was the one who killed Lady Ray. They both use the marriage as an opportunity to keep watch over one another. Meanwhile, in town, Hasil goes around looking for Sally Ann at her job but no one at the store wants to help him find her. The coal company has a meeting with their staff on ways of trying to get the Farrells off the mountain. After the meeting, Sally Ann's brother and his friends start drinking heavily at a bar, and threaten to kill all of the Farrells. While driving, they spot Hasil and start shooting at him, he tries to run away, but eventually is captured. After negotiating Farrell Wine for a gun, Asa returns to the camp, empties all of the bullets in the air, and tells Big Foster that he can get 100 more where that came from.
9
9 "Trust" Rosemary Rodriguez William Schmidt March 22, 2016 (2016-03-22) 0.673[20]
Asa makes a deal with Big Foster to get him more guns. Hasil is captured and being held in the basement of one of Sally Ann's brother's friend's houses. They beat him up all night. Meanwhile, the Deputy Officers and the Sheriff's sister Ledda find the Sheriff's car parked on the side of the road with no sign of him, and it brings flashbacks to the night when the Sheriff's wife committed suicide years earlier. They then return to the house and find his son Caleb lying on the couch asleep. When asked his father's whereabouts, Caleb said that he didn't know where is father was. The Officers then head down to the garage and find the Sheriff's car all smashed up from the day he hit a Farrell. Big Foster confronts G'Win about still loving Asa which she continues to deny, but Big Foster still doesn't believe her and tells her he is going to banish Asa for good. G'Win suggests that Big Foster kills him, but is interrupted by Krake who has a bottle of Big Foster's favorite wine. Big Foster is enraged that his bodyguards are not paying attention and had let Krake in, so he ends shooting one of them in the leg with a bullet to send a message. This action causes him to be called into council to explain why he shot his guard. Asa goes looking for Hasil but ends up meeting with Sally Ann, and she helps him bottle some Farrell wine. Breece returns to the house where Hasil is being held, bringing along the lady who represents the coal company who then tries to get Hasil to join her team.
10
10 "Day Most Blessed" Rosemary Rodriguez Peter Tolan March 29, 2016 (2016-03-29) 0.809[21]
Nuptials on Shay Mountain turn deadly.
11
11 "Mortar" Andrew Bernstein Ryan Farley April 5, 2016 (2016-04-05) 0.823[22]
The struggle for guns come to a head as Houghton seeks revenge.
12
12 "All Hell" Andrew Bernstein Peter Tolan April 12, 2016 (2016-04-12) 0.954[23]
Asa tries to stop Big Foster once and for all. By doing so he must risk everything.
13
13 "Long Live the Bren'in" Peter Weller Peter Mattei April 19, 2016 (2016-04-19) 0.956[24]
Big Foster wakes up from a nightmare about him murdering his fa (Father in native language) and leaves his home to hunt the rest of traitors with his posse. Meanwhile Hasil and the Rebel Farrels make a plan to end Foster's Reign. As Foster is about to kill Krake, Hasil interrupts and leads him into a failed usurpation. He then banishes the rebel group and begins to hallucinate seeing his dead son Elon. Gwynveer finds Asa's necklace where his body was left, she confronts Little Foster. Big Foster, now realize that G'Win wanted to kill him, confront her and they violently fight with G'Win escaping by stabbing Big Foster. Little Foster finds Asa hiding at an creek where they learned to fish when they were children, Little Foster and Asa reconcile emotional embrace. Gwyn then finds Asa, who she tells to kill the Bren'in as only he can (As part of the prophecy.) Asa grabs his pistol from his shack and goes to the Bren'in's home and kills Big Foster. Gwyn, now the Bren'in, has Asa imprisoned. Meanwhile, the police, led by Sherriff Houghton make it to the top of Shay Mountain. Gwyn and the three clans (Shays, McGintucks and Farrells) surround the police and begins a chant that summons storm clouds, Houghton looks up just as lightning seemingly strikes the police as the camera fades to black.
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
US viewers
(millions)
14
1 "And the Three Shall Save You" Jon Amiel Peter Mattei January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24) 0.932[25]
15
2 "Shadowside" Jon Amiel Gordon Smith January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31) 0.834[26]
16
3 "Banishment" David Rodriguez Itamar Moses February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07) 0.747[27]
17
4 "How we Hunt" David Rodriguez Peter Tolan February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14) 0.797[28]
18
5 "We Are Kinnah" Michael Trim Keith Schreier February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21) 0.773[29]
19
6 "Kill or Be Killed" Michael Trim Linda McGibney February 28, 2017 (2017-02-28) 0.825[30]
20
7 "Home for Supper" Bill Johnson Matt Kester March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07) 0.721[31]
21
8 "Healing" Bill Johnson Itamar Moses March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14) 0.728[32]
22
9 "Loyal to the Bone" Keith Boak Emily Brochin March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21) 0.886[33]
23
10 "Stranger in a Strange Land" Keith Boak Keith Schreier April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04) 0.735[34]
24
11 "The Run" Jon Amiel Linda McGibney April 11, 2017 (2017-04-11) 0.764[35]
25
12 "What Must Be Done" Jon Amiel Matt Kester April 18, 2017 (2017-04-18) 0.622[36]
26
13 "Unbroken Chain" Jim Muro Peter Mattei April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25) 0.673[37]
Reception[edit]
Reviews[edit]
On review aggregator Metacritic, Outsiders holds a score of 63/100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[38] On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 78%, stating "Outsiders' gritty performances keeps the backwoods drama intriguing, even when the story gets stuck in the mud."[39]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 11, 2016). "'Outsiders' renewed for Season 2 on WGN America". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Petski, Denise (October 13, 2015). "'Outsiders': First Trailer For WGN America's Gritty Appalachia Tale". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 17, 2015). "Gillian Alexy To Star In 'Outsiders'; Simon Merrells Cast In 'Dominion'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 10, 2015). "Cassie Scerbo Back For 'Sharknado 3'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (November 25, 2014). "Justina Machado Joins 'Queen Of The South'; Kyle Gallner in 'Outsiders'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ The Deadline Team (January 22, 2015). "Orla Brady Joins 'Badlands'; Christina Jackson In 'Outsiders'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 12, 2014). "Thomas M. Wright To Co-Star In 'Outsiders' On WGN America". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "WGN America Expands Original Programming Slate". The futon Critic. August 13, 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Production Begins in Pittsburgh on WGN America's "Outsiders," New Original Drama Series from Peter Mattei, Peter Tolan and Paul Giamatti". The Futon Critic. May 5, 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (July 19, 2015). "'Outsiders' cast enjoys filming in Pittsburgh". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (March 11, 2016). "WGN America renews Pittsburgh-filmed 'Outsiders'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (January 27, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Update: 1.26.2015". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 3, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.2.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 10, 2016). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.9.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 18, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.16.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 24, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.23.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 2, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.1.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 9, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.8.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 16, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.15.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 23, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.22.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 30, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.29.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 6, 2016). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.5.2016". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (April 13, 2016). "Tuesday cable ratings: 'Deadliest Catch' stays steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (April 20, 2016). "Tuesday cable ratings: 'If Loving You is Wrong' stays steady, 'Deadliest Catch' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (January 25, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.24.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 1, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.31.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 8, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.7.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 15, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.14.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (February 23, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.21.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 1, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.28.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 8, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.7.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 15, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.14.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (March 22, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.21.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 5, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.4.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 12, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.11.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 19, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.18.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Metcalf, Mitch (April 26, 2017). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.25.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Outsiders : Season 1 at Metacritic
Jump up ^ "Outsiders".
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Party switching in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Part of the Politics series
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the United States politics, party switching is any change in party affiliation of a partisan public figure, usually one who is currently holding elected office. Use of the term "party switch" can also connote a transfer of held power in an elected governmental body from one party to another.
Contents
1 Motivations
2 History
2.1 The 19th century
2.2 The 20th century
3 Notable party switchers
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Motivations[edit]
There are a number of reasons that an elected official, or someone seeking office, might choose to switch parties. One reason is ethical obligation when the person has views that are no longer aligned with those of the current party.
A second reason is to gain power and influence. The incumbent may be a member of the minority party in a legislature and would like to gain the advantages of being in the majority party, such as the potential to chair a committee. A disaffected incumbent who might not hold a leadership position or feels ignored or mistreated by the majority party might join the minority party with the expectation of holding a leadership position in the minority party and if currently elected, having the complete support of the minority party for re-election, who would certainly want to have more elected officials in their ranks.
Another reason is simply to get elected. This may be the primary reason when the opposing party's base in a constituency is reaching a size that threatens the safe reelection of the incumbent or the elected official fears being primaried.
History[edit]
The 19th century[edit]
The first two major parties in the United States were the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. The Federalists experienced success in the 1790s but lost power in the 1800 elections and collapsed after the War of 1812. Many former Federalists, including John Quincy Adams, became members of the Democratic-Republican Party. After the 1824 presidential election, the Democratic-Republicans fractured between supporters of Adams and supporters of Andrew Jackson. Jackson's followers formed the Democratic Party, while those who supported Adams formed the National Republican Party. Two short-lived but significant third parties, the Anti-Masonic Party and the Nullifier Party, also arose during this period. In the 1830s, opponents of Jackson coalesced into the Whig Party.
The United States experienced another period of political realignment in the 1850s. The Whigs collapsed as a national party due to sectional tensions regarding slavery. The Republican Party and the American Party both sought to succeed the Whigs as the main opposition to the Democratic Party, and the Republicans eventually became the most popular party in the Northern United States. The Republicans absorbed many Northern Whigs, as well as some anti-slavery Democrats and much of the Free Soil Party. Notable Whigs who joined the Republican Party include Abraham Lincoln and William Seward, while notable Democrats who joined the Republican Party include Hannibal Hamlin and Galusha A. Grow. Many Southern Whigs became Democrats, though some formed the Constitutional Union Party to contest the 1860 presidential election. After the American Civil War, the Republican Party generally dominated the North while the Democratic Party dominated the South. Republicans dissatisfied with President Ulysses S. Grant formed the Liberal Republican Party for the 1872 presidential election, and many of these Liberal Republicans later joined the Democratic Party.
By the late 19th century, as the Democratic and Republican parties became more established, party switching became less frequent. Nonetheless, a major conflict in the Republican Party occurred in 1890s, largely over the issue of monetary policy. Republican supporters of free silver formed the Silver Republican Party, and many, including Henry M. Teller and Fred Dubois, later joined the Democratic Party.
The 20th century[edit]
Two progressive Republicans, Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette Sr., launched strong third party presidential candidacies in the early 20th century, but neither founded a durable political party. A period of realignment commenced following the onset of the Great Depression, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt constructed the successful New Deal coalition. Over the ensuing decades, Roosevelt's Democrats embraced several tenets of modern American liberalism, while the Republican Party tended to favor conservatism.
Beginning in the 1960s, the Democrats lost their dominant position in the South, as prominent Democrats such as Strom Thurmond joined the Republican Party. In the ensuing decades, additional Southern Democratic Congressmen such as Phil Gramm and Richard Shelby would switch to the Republican Party. During the same period, Northern Republicans such as John Lindsay and Arlen Specter joined the Democratic Party.
Notable party switchers[edit]
Former U.S. Representative Jim Leach, a Republican, speaks during the first night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention.
Main article: List of party switchers in the United States
There have been several instances of politicians continuing to be a member of a political party while running other campaigns as an independent. The most prominent examples include southern Democratic segregationists Strom Thurmond in 1948 and George Wallace in 1968, who remained in the Democratic Party for statewide campaigns but mounted national presidential campaigns as independents. Wallace later ran in the 1972 Democratic primaries. Earlier, liberal Republican Robert La Follette, Sr. ran for president as the candidate of the Progressive Party in 1924, while still remaining a Republican in the Senate. Another example is Senator Joseph Lieberman, who in 2006 ran for Senate in Connecticut under the party Connecticut for Lieberman, although still identifying as a Democrat
Other political figures, such as Ed Koch, Jim Leach, Zell Miller, Colin Powell, did not formally leave their parties, but supported a candidate from another party. Miller and Koch, though Democrats, supported Republican George W. Bush's 2004 reelection campaign, while Powell and Leach supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. This received much media attention in 2004, when Democrats for Bush and Republicans for Kerry groups were formed. In New Hampshire, former Republican Governor Walter Peterson has expressly supported Democrat John Lynch in his bids for governor. In Virginia, the state's first Republican governor since Reconstruction, Linwood Holton, has since 2001 frequently supported Democrats in statewide races – his son-in-law, Tim Kaine, has been elected to the governorship and the U.S. Senate in that time, and served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President in the 2016 election – and endorsed Barack Obama in 2008. Similarly, in 1860, former Democratic President Martin Van Buren ended up supporting Abraham Lincoln due to Van Buren's disagreements with Democratic policies on secession. Other examples include former Republican Senator from Minnesota David Durenberger supporting John Kerry in 2004 and former Democratic Attorney General Griffin Bell supporting George W. Bush in 2004. Moreover, former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and Democrat Mike Espy endorsed incumbent Republican Governor of Mississippi Haley Barbour for reelection in 2007.[1]
See also[edit]
United States portal
Politics portal
Crossover voting
List of United States Senators who changed parties
List of United States Congressmen who switch parties
Republican In Name Only, Democrat In Name Only
Red state-blue state divide
U.S. states, with map
Crossing the floor for the same concept in the Westminster system
Reagan Democrat
McCain Democrat
Obama Republican
People United Means Action
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.wlbt.com/story/7226905/prominent-democrats-endorse-barbour
External links[edit]
Senators Who Changed Parties During Senate Service (Since 1890)
A list of party switchers (compiled in 2001)
An overview of party switching in recent years.
"Party switching comes with political risks"
Oklahoma State Senator Nancy Riley switches from Republican to Democrat
Montana State Senator switches from Republican to Democrat to break a 25 to 25 tie
Mayor Michael Bloomberg's official homepage
Speaker confirms Rep. Dedman's party switch[permanent dead link]
Wave of Party Switchers Hits Republicans
Specter Among Few Party Switchers to Lose Seat
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Party_switching_in_the_United_States&oldid=860174680"
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