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Overseas Highway
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This article is about the section of U.S. Route 1 in the Florida Keys. For the entire route, see U.S. Route 1.
U.S. Route 1
Overseas Highway
Route information
Maintained by FDOT
Length:
113 mi[1][2] (182 km)
Major junctions
South end:
SR 5 in Key West
SR A1A in Key West
North end:
US 1 / US 41 in Miami
Highway system
United States Numbered Highway System
List
Special
Divided
Replaced
Florida State Highway System
Interstate
US
SR
Former
Pre-1945
Toll
Scenic
The Overseas Highway is a 113-mile (181.9 km)[1][2] highway carrying U.S. Route 1 (US 1) through the Florida Keys. Large parts of it were built on the former right-of-way of the Overseas Railroad, the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway. Completed in 1912, the Overseas Railroad was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. The Florida East Coast Railway was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the state of Florida for $640,000.
Since the 1950s the Overseas Highway has been refurbished into a main coastal highway between the cities of Miami and Key West, offering travelers an exotic roadway through a tropical savanna environment and access to the largest area of coral reefs on the U.S. mainland. Many exotic animals such as the American Crocodile and Key Deer inhabit the tropical islands of the Florida Keys.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Mile markers
3 Trail
4 In popular culture
5 Major intersections
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
While the Overseas Highway today runs along the former Overseas Railroad right of way, portions of the highway came into existence earlier in a different alignment while the railroad was still operational. The concept of an Overseas Highway began with the Miami Motor Club in 1921. The Florida land boom of the 1920s was underway and the club wanted to attract tourists to easily reached fishing areas, which could only be reached by boat or train at the time. The land boom also attracted real estate interests who sought vehicular access to the upper keys where there were thousands of acres of undeveloped land. The completion of the railroad further proved a highway through the keys was feasible.[4]
Construction on the original Overseas Highway, designated State Road 4A (an extension of a route running from Miami to Homestead), lasted through most of the mid 1920s. Officially opening for traffic on January 25, 1928, the original highway existed in two segments at its greatest extent. One segment ran from the mainland via Card Sound Road to Key Largo and extended as far as Lower Matecumbe Key, while a segment in the lower keys existed from No Name Key to Key West. An automobile ferry service connected the 41 mile gap between Lower Matecumbe and No Name Keys.[4] State Road 4A mostly ran alongside of the Overseas Railroad in the upper keys but in the lower keys, it followed a much different path than the railroad and current highway. The ferry landing on No Name Key was located at the end of what is now Watson Boulevard, which carried State Road 4A across No Name Key and Big Pine Key before it crossed to Little Torch Key. On Little Torch Key, it turned south and rejoined the railroad. It would continue along the north side of the railroad to Upper Sugarloaf Key, where it turned south and ran along the current route of County Roads 939 and 939A over Lower Sugarloaf Key and the Saddlebunch Keys. From the Saddlebunch Keys, State Road 4A crossed onto Geiger Key, continuing along what is now Geiger Road and Boca Chica Road. On Boca Chica Key, it followed the shoreline south of Naval Air Station Key West's airstrip to Boca Chica Beach before crossing to Stock Island. On Stock Island, it followed Maloney Avenue and MacDonald Avenue where it rejoined the Overseas Railroad heading into Key West. Most of the State Road 4A bridges in the Lower Keys were of wooden construction and had been in use by the early 1920s.
By the early 1930s it was clear that the ferries were insufficient for the travel needs of the keys, and Monroe County and the State Road Department began making plans to connect the two portions of State Road 4A to make a continuous highway. By 1931, the ferries would also service a 13-mile road built through Marathon on the Vaca Keys with terminals at Hog and Grassy Keys. In 1933, the state legislature created the Overseas Road and Toll Bridge District to seek federal funding to extend the roadways. Funding was scarce as the country was in the midst of the Great Depression, but funding would eventually come through the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Hundreds of disgruntled World War I veterans seeking early payment of wartime bonuses were employed for construction on the roadway and bridges as part of a government relief program.[4]
Eight bridge piers that would have carried the original alignment of the Overseas Highway which can be seen at Mile Marker 73. They serve as a memorial to the veterans who were killed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935.
Construction on a bridge connecting Lower Matecumbe Key and Long Key was already underway when the Category 5 Labor Day Hurricane struck Islamorada on September 2, 1935. The hurricane caused widespread damage throughout the area and destroyed much of the Overseas Railroad in the upper keys. Of the over 400 fatalities from the hurricane, more than half were veterans and their families. Their deaths caused anger and charges of mismanagement that led to a Congressional investigation. Just west of Lower Matecumbe Key at Mile Marker 73 on the current highway, eight concrete bridge piers and a small dredged island are all that remains of the veterans work. The dredged island is now known as Veteran's Key and the piers remain as a tribute to the veterans with a memorial plaque on Craig Key.[5]
Many of the railroad bridges, such as the Bahia Honda Rail Bridge, were retrofitted to accommodate automobile traffic for the Overseas Highway. These bridges were replaced by more modern bridges in the early 1980s.
After the hurricane, the Florida East Coast Railway was financially unable to rebuild the damaged sections of the Overseas Railroad. Seizing a rare opportunity, the state purchased the railroad's entire right of way and remaining infrastructure for a price of $640,000. The Overseas Road and Toll Bridge District abandoned its original highway plans and made new plans to build the highway on the old rail bed from Lower Matecumbe Key to Little Torch Key, effectively connecting the two segments of State Road 4A. The railroad's bridges, which withstood the hurricane and were in good condition, were retrofitted with new two-lane wide concrete surfaces for automobile use. In the case of the Bahia Honda Rail Bridge, which was a truss bridge, the concrete road surface was built on top of the trusses. The conversion of the railroad bridges to automobile use was accomplished by Cleary Brothers Construction Co. of West Palm Beach.[6] Portions of the road were tolled until April 15, 1954; toll booths were located on Big Pine Key and Lower Matecumbe Key. Pigeon Key, roughly the midway point of the Seven Mile Bridge, served as the headquarters for the "Overseas Road and Toll District."[7] The toll for automobiles was $1, plus 25 cents per passenger.[8] The full highway from the mainland to Key West was officially opened for traffic on March 29, 1938 and upon completion, the route became the southernmost segment of U.S. Highway 1, which previously terminated in Miami (State Road 4A would remain as a hidden designation until the 1945 Florida State Road renumbering, when the hidden designation became State Road 5).[9] President Franklin D. Roosevelt toured the road in 1939.
The beginning of U.S. 1 in March 1951; U.S. 1 has since been extended to the Monroe County Courthouse in downtown Key West
At this time, the Overseas Highway only ran along the old railroad route in the middle keys; the original highway segments were still in use in the upper and lower keys. As the United States entered into World War II, the U.S. Navy sought improvements to the highway to improve their access from the Naval Air Station on Boca Chica Key to the mainland for national security purposes. The 1920s-era lower keys segment was less than ideal with its winding road and rickety wooden bridges. This resulted in completing the rest of the highway throughout the keys on the former railroad right of way, which the state already owned and was a more direct route with smoother curves that would allow for higher speeds. Also included in this project was the construction of the highway from Florida City to Key Largo via Jewfish Creek (known as the 18-Mile Stretch). The new alignments, which were officially completed on May 16, 1944, shortened the route to the mainland by 17 miles.[10] The original Card Sound Bridge was closed after the Jewfish Creek alignment opened, and its remains were subsequently destroyed by a fire (the Card Sound route would be restored as a secondary route in 1969 with the opening of the current bridge). Today, some segments of the original highway remain as side and frontage roads for the current highway.
The original highway through Key Largo and Tavernier would once again become part of the Overseas Highway in the early 1970s when it was expanded to a four-lane divided highway. Here, the northbound lanes run along the route of the original highway and the southbound lanes along the route of the railroad, which is especially evident in area where the route splits into two one-way streets.[4] The widening was the beginning of a much larger project to rebuild much of the Overseas Highway, which included replacing the aging repurposed railroad bridges with more modern bridges; some of which are able to accommodate more than two lanes of traffic. This included the Seven Mile Bridge, the Bahia Honda Bridge and the Long Key Bridge (although these three original bridges are no longer open to vehicular traffic, except for part of Seven Mile Bridge, they became listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and are currently used as fishing piers). The more modern bridges were completed in the early 1980s. In recent years, Pigeon Key was used by the University of Miami as an oceanography laboratory, but current efforts to restore the buildings on the island have resulted in the establishment of a railroad museum there. The newer Seven Mile Bridge does not have direct access to Pigeon Key; people going there must walk on 2.2 miles (3.5 km) of the original Seven Mile Bridge from its northern end on Knight's Key, take a shuttle bus, or take a boat ride to reach the island.
Mile markers[edit]
Locations along the Overseas Highway from Key West to Key Largo are commonly given as mile markers. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) maintains mile marker signs every mile along the highway. Numbering starts in Key West, and increases towards the east and northeast up the path of the highway over the keys. Businesses along the highway began listing their locations by mile markers, adding decimal parts to more precisely indicate locations between mile marker signs. Outside of Key West and the city of Marathon, street addresses along the highway are based on the mile markers, using a four- to six-digit number (with no decimal point); the numbering pattern is as follows:[11]
The first three (or four) digits denote the approximate mile marker; the first two (or three) digits denote the mile while the last digit denotes the nearest 0.1 (tenth of a mile)
The last two digits denote a particular address; an even digit denotes an address on the Atlantic Ocean side while an odd digit denotes an address on the Florida Bay/Gulf of Mexico side
As an example, the Tropical Research Laboratory of Mote Marine Laboratory has a physical address of 24244 Overseas Highway. The first three digits indicate that it is near mile marker 24.2 (corresponding to an address on Summerland Key), while the last two digits indicate that it is located on the Atlantic Ocean side of the highway.
Trail[edit]
In 2001, the Monroe County Commission, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Office of Greenways and Trails, and FDOT entered into a Memorandum of understanding to create the Florida Keys Overseas Heritage Trail (FKOHT).[12] The trail will be a world-class, multi-use bicycle and pedestrian facility that will traverse the Florida Keys from Key Largo to Key West. Upon completion, the FKOHT will include an integrated system of educational kiosks, roadside picnic areas, scenic overlooks, fishing piers, water access points, and bicycle and jogging paths. The development of the trail will provide a mechanism for the preservation and use of the historic Flagler Railroad Bridges, 23 of which still exist and are mostly intact. Several alternatives exist for trail alignment, including cutting down the 22-foot-wide (6.7 m), 1940s-era roadway to its original 12-foot (3.7 m) spandrel width, or using the 22-foot-wide (6.7 m) roadway as is, particularly in multi-use areas. In all cases, original bridgework will be repaired or rebuilt, and the breaks created during the 1980s and 1990s fishing pier conversion will be reconnected. Where the original roadway no longer exists, the trail will be temporarily cantilevered on the side of the current US 1 highway bridge, until new 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) trail bridge sections can be built. The new sections will be built to match the historical character of the original bridges.
In popular culture[edit]
One of animated television's Wacky Races was The Overseas Hi-Way Race, which first aired on December 28, 1968, on CBS, covering the entire actual route from Key Largo to Key West. While Long Key was correctly portrayed, most of the other in-between keys were given fictional names, and Sombrero Key was actually five miles south of the highway in open water, according to the Florida Keys–East map.
The Overseas Highway is depicted in a screenprint by American artist Ralston Crawford.[13]
A scene from the 1994 James Cameron thriller True Lies was filmed on a portion of the old Seven Mile Bridge. No part of the bridge was destroyed during filming; instead, an 80-foot model of the bridge built off Sugarloaf Key was blown up for the iconic scene.[14]
Major intersections[edit]
The entire route is in Monroe County.
Location
mi[15]
km
Destinations
Notes
Key West
0.000
0.000 Fleming Street
0.406
0.653 Truman Avenue / Whitehead Street 90 degree turn
0.490
0.789 Duval Street
1.337
2.152 Eisenhower Drive / Jose Marti Drive south end of four lanes
1.643
2.644 Palm Avenue / 1st Street no left turn either way on US 1
3.927
6.320 SR A1A south – Airport, Beaches
4.100–
4.169
6.598–
6.709 Bridge over Cow Key Channel
trail on sidewalk to north
Stock Island
4.586
7.380 MacDonald Drive old SR 4A

5.291
8.515 Key Haven Boulevard to Raccoon Key

5.997–
6.498
9.651–
10.458 Bridge over Boca Chica Channel
Boca Chica Key
8.08
13.00 Naval Air Station Key West interchange
Rockland Key
8.790
14.146 Toppino Industrial Drive
East Rockland Key
9.183
14.779 Rockland Drive - NAS Truck Entrance former US 1 south

9.508–
9.754
15.302–
15.698 Bridge over Rockland Channel
trail on old bridge to south
Big Coppitt Key
10.691
17.205 Boca Chica Road (CR 941 south)

11.181
17.994 Shark Key

11.309–
11.701
18.200–
18.831 Bridge over Shark Channel
trail on old bridge to south
Saddle Bunch Keys
12.547–
12.712
20.192–
20.458 Bridge over Saddle Bunch No. 5
trail on old bridge to south
13.018–
13.185
20.950–
21.219 Bridge over Saddle Bunch No. 4
trail on old bridge to south
14.118–
14.259
22.721–
22.948 Bridge over Saddle Bunch No. 3
trail on old bridge to south
14.328
23.059 Blue Water Drive
14.496–
14.616
23.329–
23.522 Bridge over Saddle Bunch No. 2
trail on old bridge to south
14.968
24.089 East Circle Drive
15.261–
15.504
24.560–
24.951 Bridge over Lower Sugarloaf Channel
trail on old bridge to south

16.370–
16.455
26.345–
26.482 Bridge over Harris Channel
Lower Sugarloaf Key
16.955
27.286 Sugarloaf Boulevard (CR 939 south)

17.451–
17.472
28.085–
28.118 Bridge over Harris Gap Channel

17.658–
17.741
28.418–
28.551 Bridge over North Harris Channel
Park Key
18
29 no major intersections

18.600–
18.755
29.934–
30.183 Bridge over Park Channel
trail on old bridge to south
Sugarloaf Key
19.349
31.139 Crane Boulevard
19.970
32.139 State Road 939B (CR 939 south) old SR 4A

20.150–
20.433
32.428–
32.884 Bridge over Bow Channel
trail on old bridge to south
Cudjoe Key
21.409
34.454 Blimp Road

23.471–
23.682
37.773–
38.112 Bridge over Kemp's Channel
partial old bridge to south
Summerland Key
25.197
40.551 East Shore Drive (CR 942 south)

25.413–
26.278
40.898–
42.290 Bridge over Nile's Channel
partial old bridge to south
Ramrod Key
27.264
43.877 Indies Road

27.504–
27.629
44.263–
44.465 Bridge over Torch Ramrod Channel
Middle Torch Key
27.836
44.798 Middle Torch Road - Big Torch Key

27.895–
28.052
44.893–
45.145 Bridge over Torch Key Channel
Little Torch Key
28.216
45.409 State Road 4A old SR 4A

28.625–
28.801
46.067–
46.351 Bridge over South Pine Channel
partial old bridge to south

29.411–
29.552
47.332–
47.559 Bridge over North Pine Channel
Big Pine Key
30.527
49.128 Key Deer Boulevard (CR 940 north) - National Key Deer Visitor Center

33.130–
33.791
53.318–
54.381 Bridge over Spanish Harbor Channel
Scout Key
34.5
55.5 no major intersections

35.272–
36.544
56.765–
58.812 Bahia Honda Bridge over Bahia Honda Channel
partial old Bahia Honda Rail Bridge to south
Bahia Honda Key
36.794
59.214 Bahia Honda State Park

38.361–
38.571
61.736–
62.074 Bridge over Ohio Bahia Honda Channel
trail on old bridge to north
Ohio Key
38.75
62.36 no major intersections

38.896–
39.176
62.597–
63.048 Bridge over Missouri Ohio Channel
trail on old bridge to north
Missouri Key
39.25
63.17 no major intersections

39.448–
39.620
63.485–
63.762 Bridge over Little Duck Missouri Channel
trail on old bridge to north
Little Duck Key
39.823
64.089 Veterans Memorial Park

40.011–
46.804
64.391–
75.324 Seven Mile Bridge over Moser Channel
partial old bridge via Pigeon Key to north
Marathon
47.186
75.939 Knights Key
Marathon (Vaca Key)
48.059
77.343 CR 931 south (20th Street)
49.965
80.411 Sombrero Beach Road (CR 931 south) - Sombrero Beach
Marathon
53.001–
53.081
85.297–
85.426 Bridge over Vaca Cut
trail on sidewalk to north
Marathon (Fat Deer Key)
53.610
86.277 Sadowski Causeway - Key Colony Beach
Marathon (Long Point Key)
56.191
90.431 Curry Hammock State Park
Marathon (Crawl Key)
56.459
90.862 Banana Boulevard
Marathon (Grassy Key)
57.594
92.689 Kyle Avenue

60.498–
60.786
97.362–
97.826 Bridge over Tom's Harbor No. 4
trail on old bridge to south
Duck Key
61.051
98.252 Hawks Cay

61.418–
61.680
98.843–
99.264 Bridge over Tom's Harbor Cut
trail on old bridge to south
Conch Key
62.846
101.141 North Conch Avenue

63.140–
65.446
101.614–
105.325 Long Key Bridge over Long Key Channel
trail on old bridge to south
Long Key
67.404
108.476 Long Key State Park

70.735–
71.670
113.837–
115.342 Bridge over Channel No. 5
partial old bridge to north
Craig Key
72
116 no major intersections
Islamorada
72.642–
73.000
116.906–
117.482 Bridge over Channel No. 2
trail on old bridge to north
Islamorada (Lower Matecumbe Key)
74.403
119.740 Gulfview Drive
Islamorada
77.531–
77.703
124.774–
125.051 Bridge over Lignumvitae Channel
77.966–
78.353
125.474–
126.097 Bridge over Indian Key Channel
79.177–
79.318
127.423–
127.650 Bridge over Tea Table Channel
79.708–
79.761
128.278–
128.363 Bridge over Tea Table Relief
Islamorada (Upper Matecumbe Key)
80.425
129.431 Frontage Road old SR 4A
83.509
134.395 Frontage Road old SR 4A
Islamorada
83.879–
84.001
134.990–
135.187 Bridge over Whale Harbor Channel
Islamorada (Windley Key)
84.344
135.739 CR 905 north old SR 4A
Islamorada
85.578–
85.739
137.724–
137.984 Snake Creek Bridge over Snake Creek
Islamorada (Plantation Key)
90.513
145.667 Plantation Avenue / Sunshine Boulevard / Bessie Road

90.895–
90.955
146.281–
146.378 Bridge over Tavernier Creek Waterway
Tavernier
91.485
147.231 Ocean Boulevard
Key Largo
103.430–
103.454
166.454–
166.493 Bridge over Marvin D. Adams Waterway
106.312
171.093 CR 905 north (Card Sound Road) – Miami
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Logan, Walter (1983-01-30). "ACROSS 42 BRIDGES THROUGH FLORIDA'S KEYS". Florida: NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2015-07-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Road Trip: Florida Keys - National Geographic". Travel.nationalgeographic.com. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2015-07-19.
Jump up ^ Marzyck, Marion E. "History and Background: The Overseas Highway". Web World Wonders. Florida State University. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d History of Overseas Highway
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Jerry. "The Bridge That Never Was". Keys Historeum. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Crestview, Florida, "To Build Highway", Okaloosa News-Journal, Friday 1 May 1942, Volume 28, Number 15, page 5.
Jump up ^ Pigeon Key—Headquarters for the Overseas Road and Toll District, c. 1952 (Photograph). Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Jerry. "History of the Overseas Highway". Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sanderson, Dale. "End of US highway 1". U.S. Ends. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Hopkins, Alice. "The Development of the Overseas Highway" (PDF). FIU Digital Collections. Florida International University. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Jerry. "Mile Markers in the Florida Keys". Historical Preservation Society of the Upper Keys. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Florida Keys Overseas Heritage Trail". Florida Keys Overseas Heritage Trail. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Overseas Highway Whitney Museum of American Art.
Jump up ^ http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1994-08-07/travel/9408020385_1_lower-keys-seven-mile-bridge-keys-bound
Jump up ^ FDOT straight line diagrams, accessed April 2014
External links[edit]
Route map: Google
KML file (edit • help)
Display on Google Maps
Template:Attached KML/Overseas Highway
KML is from Wikidata
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Overseas Highway.
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. FL-2, "Seven Mile Bridge, Linking Florida Keys, Knight Key, Monroe County, FL"
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See also: List of bridges in Florida
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text:
Olympus Has Fallen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Olympus Has Fallen
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Antoine Fuqua
Produced by
Antoine Fuqua
Gerard Butler
Alan Siegel
Ed Cathell III
Danny Lerner
Mark Gill
Written by
Creighton Rothenberger
Katrin Benedikt
Starring
Gerard Butler
Aaron Eckhart
Morgan Freeman
Angela Bassett
Robert Forster
Cole Hauser
Finley Jacobsen
Ashley Judd
Melissa Leo
Dylan McDermott
Radha Mitchell
Rick Yune
Music by
Trevor Morris
Cinematography
Conrad W. Hall
Edited by
John Refoua
Production
company
Millennium Films
Nu Image
Distributed by
FilmDistrict
Release date
March 18, 2013 (2013-03-18) (Hollywood)
March 22, 2013 (2013-03-22) (United States)
Running time
119 minutes[1][2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$70 million[3]
Box office
$170.2 million[3]
Olympus Has Fallen is a 2013 American action thriller film. Directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by Creighton Rothenberger & Katrin Benedikt, it stars Gerard Butler, Aaron Eckhart, and Morgan Freeman, with Angela Bassett, Robert Forster, Cole Hauser, Ashley Judd, Melissa Leo, Dylan McDermott, Radha Mitchell, and Rick Yune in supporting roles. The film depicts a North Korean-led guerrilla assault on the White House, and focuses on disgraced Secret Service agent Mike Banning's (Butler) efforts to rescue the President (Eckhart).
The film was released on March 22, 2013, by FilmDistrict and earned $170 million against a $70 million production budget. Olympus Has Fallen was one of two films released in 2013 that dealt with a terrorist attack on the White House; the other was White House Down. A sequel titled London Has Fallen was released on March 4, 2016, with the principal cast members reprising their roles. Another sequel, Angel Has Fallen, is in the works. It is the first installment in the Has Fallen film series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Score
5 Release
6 Reception
7 Sequel
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Former Army Ranger Mike Banning (Gerard Butler) is the lead U.S. Secret Service agent assigned to head the U.S. Presidential detail. Banning maintains a personal, friendly relationship with President Benjamin Asher (Aaron Eckhart), First Lady Margaret (Ashley Judd) and their son Connor (Finley Jacobsen). During a snowy Christmas evening drive from Camp David to a campaign fundraiser, the car transporting the First Family spins out of control on a bridge due to icy conditions; Banning pulls Asher from the vehicle, but Margaret falls to her death while inside the car.
Eighteen months later, having been removed from the presidential detail, Banning works at Treasury headquarters. During a meeting between Asher and South Korean Prime Minister Lee Tae-Woo (Keong Sim), a North Korean terrorist organisation; Koreans for United Freedom (KUF) led by Kang Yeonsak (Rick Yune), mount an air and ground assault that results in the capture of the White House. The group is also aided by treasonous members of the prime minister's own detail, including Dave Forbes (Dylan McDermott), a former Secret Service agent. Asher and several top officials are held hostage in the White House bunker; South Korean Prime Minister Lee is executed on live video. Before his own death, detail agent Roma (Cole Hauser) alerts the Director of the Secret Service Lynne Jacobs (Angela Bassett) that "Olympus has fallen".
Kang seeks to use Asher's hostage status as leverage to force U.S. officials to withdraw the Seventh Fleet and U.S. forces from the Korean Peninsula, removing American opposition to a North Korean invasion of South Korea. He also seeks to destroy the American nuclear weapons stockpile by detonating them in their respective silos across the country, turning the U.S. into an irradiated wasteland as revenge for the death of his family. To accomplish this, he requires the access codes to a system in the bunker called Cerberus, which are held by three top government officials within the bunker, including the President. Asher orders the other two officials to reveal their codes to save their lives, certain that he will not give up his code.
During the initial assault by Kang's forces, Banning joins the White House's defenders. He falls back into the White House, disabling the internal surveillance and gaining access to Asher's satellite ear phone, which he uses to maintain contact with Jacobs and Allan Trumbull (Morgan Freeman), the Speaker of the House, now the Acting President since the Vice President is being held hostage with the President and others.
Authorized to proceed, Banning’s first act is to save Connor, whom Kang plans to use to force Asher to reveal his Cerberus code. Banning finds Connor hiding in the walls, thanks to the training he had given him, and sneaks the boy to safety. Banning begins reconnaissance and reduces the terrorists' numbers. Banning kills Forbes, first convincing the traitor to report to Kang that Banning is dead. Meanwhile, Army Chief of Staff General Edward Clegg (Robert Forster) convinces Trumbull to order an aerial SEAL assault on the White House. Kang discovers the assault force and activates the Hydra 6, an advanced anti-aircraft system built by the military. Discovering the system, Banning advises Trumbull and Clegg to abort the mission, but the new weapon system annihilates most of the assault force before Banning can stop it. Kang retaliates for the infiltration by killing Vice President Charlie Rodriguez (Phil Austin).
After Banning disables Kang’s communications, Kang tries to execute Secretary of Defense Ruth McMillan (Melissa Leo) outside the White House in front of the media, but Banning rescues her, taking out several of Kang's men in the process. With his forces dwindling, Kang fakes his and Asher's death by sacrificing several of his men and the remaining hostages. However, Banning sees through his ruse, as Kang would never go down without fighting. Kang eventually cracks Asher’s code using brute-force attack and activates Cerberus. As Kang and his remaining men attempt to escape, Banning ambushes them and kills the remaining terrorists in the process. During the fight, Asher tries to break free from Kang's grip and is subsequently shot by him in the stomach. Banning and Kang confront each other and a climactic fight breaks out, in which Kang quickly gains the upper hand. Eventually, Banning kills Kang by stabbing him in the head with a knife and then disables Cerberus with the assistance of Trumbull and his staff, with only seconds to spare. During daybreak that day, Banning walks out with Asher and is received by the soldiers posted to await their arrival. After the events, the U.S. begins to heal from the attack, while Banning once again heads the president's security detail. President Asher addresses the public while Banning, Jacobs, Clegg, and Connor observe.
Cast[edit]
Gerard Butler as Mike Banning, a former member of the 75th Ranger Regiment and now Secret Service agent.[4]
Aaron Eckhart as Benjamin Asher, the President of the United States.[5]
Morgan Freeman as Speaker of the House Allan Trumbull[6]
Angela Bassett as Lynne Jacobs, Director of the Secret Service.[7]
Rick Yune as Kang Yeonsak, a North Korean ultra-nationalist mastermind disguised as a South Korean ministerial aide.[8]
Dylan McDermott as Dave Forbes, a former Secret Service agent now working for South Korean Prime Minister's private security detail.[9]
Finley Jacobsen as Connor Asher, the son of Benjamin and Margaret Asher.
Melissa Leo as Secretary of Defense Ruth McMillan[8]
Robert Forster as US Army General Edward Clegg, Army Chief of Staff.[10]
Ashley Judd as Margaret Asher, the First Lady of the United States.[10]
Cole Hauser as Agent Roma, a Secret Service Special Agent-in-Charge.[11]
Radha Mitchell as Leah Banning, a nurse and Mike's wife.[12]
Sean O'Bryan as Ray Monroe, Deputy Director of the National Security Agency.
Lance Broadway as Agent O'Neil, a member of the President's security detail.[13]
Tory Kittles as Agent Jones, a member of the President's security detail.[14]
Keong Sim as South Korean Prime Minister Lee Tae-Woo
Phil Austin as Vice President Charlie Rodriguez
James Ingersoll as Admiral Joe Hoenig, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs.
Freddy Bosche as Agent Diaz, Secret Service.
Kevin Moon as Cho, Kang's henchman
Malana Lea as Lim, Kang's henchwoman who serves as the technical expert of the group.[15]
Sam Medina as Yu, Kang's henchman
Production[edit]
Olympus Has Fallen was directed by Antoine Fuqua, based on a script by Creighton Rothenberger and Katrin Benedikt in their first screenwriting effort. The production company Millennium Films acquired the spec script in March 2012, and Gerard Butler was cast later in the month as the star.[4] The rest of the characters were cast throughout June and July.
In 2012, Millennium Films competed against Sony Pictures, which was producing White House Down (also about a takeover of the White House) to complete casting and to begin filming.[16]
Filming began in Shreveport, Louisiana, in mid-July 2012.[10] Because Olympus Has Fallen was filmed so far from its actual setting of Washington, D.C., the entire production relied heavily upon visual effects, particularly computer-generated imagery.[17] For example, computers created nearly all of the opening sequence in which the First Lady is killed in a car accident, with chroma key greenscreen technology used to composite the actors into the computer-generated snowy scenery.[17] For scenes where actors walked in or out of the White House, a first-floor façade and entrance were built; computers added the second floor, roof, and downtown D.C. cityscape. Action scenes with the White House in the background were filmed in open fields and the White House and D.C. were added in post-production.[17]
Score[edit]
Musician and orchestral composer Trevor Morris produced the score. His past projects include shows The Tudors and The Borgias.[18] The record was released on March 15, 2013 via Relativity Music Group label. The runtime is one hour, eight minutes, and 57 seconds.
Release[edit]
Olympus Has Fallen was released in the United States on March 22, 2013.[6] It was initially scheduled for an April 5, 2013 release, but moved to avoid competition with The Heat, which was to open at the same time (its release was later pushed back to June 28). FilmDistrict distributed the film.[19]
The film's trailer was criticized for using the U.S. Emergency Alert System, and several cable companies were fined by the Federal Communications Commission for airing the ad.[20]
Olympus Has Fallen grossed $98.9 million in the U.S. and Canada and $70.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $170.2 million against a budget of $70 million.[3] In its first weekend, the film earned $30.5 million finishing second at the box office, and exceeded predictions of $23 million.[21][22]
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 13, 2013, in the U.S. It earned $38.2 million in video rental sales in the U.S.[23]
Reception[edit]
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 48% based on 181 reviews and a weighted average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's far from original, but Olympus Has Fallen benefits from Antoine Fuqua's tense direction and a strong performance from Gerard Butler—which might be just enough for action junkies".[24] Metacritic assigns the film a weighted average score of 41 out of 100 based 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[26]
Richard Roeper compared Olympus Has Fallen with the Die Hard series for sharing the same style and momentum, calling it as "just too much of a pale Die Hard ripoff." He gave the film a C.[27]
David Edelstein was much more negative about the film. While praising Butler's role as a "solid" character, Edelstein criticized the script and the violence of the film, writing "Olympus Has Fallen is a disgusting piece of work, but it certainly hits its marks – it makes you sick with suspense."[28]
Sequel[edit]
Main article: London Has Fallen
Gerard Butler, Morgan Freeman, Aaron Eckhart, Angela Bassett and Radha Mitchell returned for a sequel titled London Has Fallen revolving around a plot to strike London during the funeral of the British Prime Minister.[29] Production was scheduled to begin in May 2014 in London, with Creighton Rothenberger and Katrin Benedikt returning to pen the script. Director Antoine Fuqua, however, was not returning due to his commitments with The Equalizer.[30]
On May 1, 2014, it was announced that Focus Features had acquired distribution rights to the sequel and would release it on October 2, 2015, though this was later pushed back to January 22, 2016.[31] However, the film's release was delayed to March 4, 2016. On August 18, 2014, it was announced that Charlie Countryman director Fredrik Bond would be taking over direction from Fuqua,[32] but Bond left the film on September 18, just six weeks before the shooting was set to begin.[33] However, on September 28, 2014, it was announced that Babak Najafi will take over direction of the sequel.[34]
On October 10, 2014, it was announced that Jackie Earle Haley would be joining London Has Fallen as a Deputy Chief Mason.[35] Filming for the sequel began on October 24, 2014.[36]
See also[edit]
Has Fallen (franchise)
White House Down (2013)
Transfer of Power (1999)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Digital Cinema Package (DCP) – FilmDistrict USA Release
Jump up ^ "OLYMPUS HAS FALLEN (15)". British Board of Film Classification. March 21, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Olympus Has Fallen (2013)". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Sneider, Jeff (March 16, 2012). "Gerard Butler climbs 'Olympus Has Fallen'". Variety.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (June 22, 2012). "Aaron Eckhart joins 'Olympus Has Fallen'". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Mike (December 14, 2012). "FilmDistrict Moves 'Olympus Has Fallen' To March 22, 2013". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff; McNary, Dave (June 25, 2012). "Angela Bassett joins 'Olympus'". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (July 10, 2012). "Melissa Leo and Rick Yune Joining 'Olympus Has Fallen'". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (June 29, 2012). "Dylan McDermott climbs 'Olympus'". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kit, Borys (July 12, 2012). "Ashley Judd, Robert Forster Join 'Olympus Has Fallen'". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (July 9, 2012). "Cole Hauser Joins Action Movie 'Olympus Has Fallen'". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (July 7, 2012). "'Olympus Has Fallen' Adds Radha Mitchell". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Lance Broadway Goes from Major League Baseball to OLYMPUS HAS FALLEN".
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (July 25, 2012). "Tory Kittles Joins 'Olympus Has Fallen'". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Malana Lea".
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (April 10, 2012). "Antoine Fuqua Circling 'Olympus' as White House Thriller Race Heats Up". The Hollywood Reporter.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ian Failes, "How VFX saved Washington: Olympus Has Fallen", Fxguide, 25 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Trevor Morris to Score 'Olympus Has Fallen'". Film Music Reporter. January 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "FilmDistrict to Distribute Olympus Has Fallen". ComingSoon.net. October 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Adi (3 March 2014). "Cable companies fined $2 million for using Emergency Alert System tone in movie trailer | The Verge". The Verge. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Report: 'The Croods' and 'Olympus' Lead New Releases, Movies With Butter.com". Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Box office has risen: Patriotic 'Olympus Has Fallen' beats Hollywood's expectations". The Washington Post. March 25, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Olympus Has Fallen (2013)". The Numbers. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Olympus Has Fallen". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Olympus Has Fallen". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Report: 'Croods' Opens to Solid $44.7 Million; 'Olympus Has Fallen' Nabs $30.5 Million". The Hollywood Reporter. March 24, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Roeper, Richard. "Olympus Has Fallen Review - RichardRoeper.com". RichardRoeper.com. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Edelstein, David (March 22, 2013). "Edelstein on Olympus Has Fallen: Hollywood Has Made Us a Vengeful Nation". Vulture.com. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "OLYMPUS HAS FALLEN Sequel LONDON HAS FALLEN Moving Forward with Gerard Butler". Collider.
Jump up ^ "London Has Fallen heads to AFM". screendaily.com.
Jump up ^ "Focus Features Dates 'Olympus' Sequel 'London Has Fallen' For October 2015". Deadline.com. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
Jump up ^ "Fredrik Bond to Direct ‘Olympus Has Fallen’ Sequel". Variety. August 18, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 18, 2014). "'Olympus Has Fallen' Sequel Loses Its Director". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Babak Najafi to Helm London Has Fallen". Comingsoon.net. September 28, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (October 10, 2014). "‘Olympus Has Fallen’ Sequel Lands Jackie Earle Haley As First New Cast Member (Exclusive)". The Wrap. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Instagram". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
External links[edit]
Official website
Olympus Has Fallen CinemaScore
Olympus Has Fallen on IMDb
Olympus Has Fallen at AllMovie
Olympus Has Fallen at the TCM Movie Database
Olympus Has Fallen at the American Film Institute Catalog
Olympus Has Fallen at Box Office Mojo
Olympus Has Fallen at Rotten Tomatoes
Olympus Has Fallen at Metacritic
Olympus Has Fallen at the Internet Movie Firearms Database
FXGuide Article on the VFX for Olympus Has Fallen
Animation World News article on VFX for Olympus Has Fallen
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Antoine Fuqua
The Replacement Killers (1998)
Bait (2000)
Training Day (2001)
Tears of the Sun (2003)
King Arthur (2004)
Shooter (2007)
Brooklyn's Finest (2009)
Olympus Has Fallen (2013)
The Equalizer (2014)
Southpaw (2015)
The Magnificent Seven (2016)
The Equalizer 2 (2018)
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