text:
List of countries by steel production
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For the company-oriented account, see List of steel producers.
This article summarizes the world steel production by country.
In 2017, total world crude steel production was 1,691.2 million tonnes (Mt). The biggest steel producing country is currently China, which accounted for 49.2% of world steel production in 2017.[1] In 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016 output fell in the majority of steel-producing countries as a result of the global recession. In 2010 and 2017, it started to rise again.
Contents
1 List of countries by steel production
2 Exports
3 Imports
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
List of countries by steel production[edit]
This is a list of countries by steel production in 1967, 1980, 1990, 2000 and from 2007 to 2017, based on data provided by the World Steel Association.[2][3][4][5][6][7] All countries with annual production of crude steel at least 2 million metric tons are listed.
Crude steel production (million metric tons):
Rank (2017)
Country/Region
2017[1][8]
2016[1][9]
2015[10]
2014[11]
2013[12]
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2000
1990
1980
1967
— World 1691.2 1606.3 1620.4 1670.1 1649.3 1552.9 1490.1 1413.6 1219.7 1326.5 1351.3 850.1 770.4 716.4 497.2
1 People's Republic of China 831.7 786.9 803.8 822.7 779.0 724.7 683.3 626.7 573.6 500.3 494.9 128.5 66.4 37.1 14.0
- European Union[13] 168.7 162.3 166.2 169.3 166.4 168.6 177.7 172.8 139.3 198.2 210.2 193.5 191.8 208.0 n/a
2 Japan 104.7 104.8 105.2 110.7 110.6 107.2 107.6 109.6 87.5 118.7 120.2 106.4 110.3 111.4 62.0
3 India 101.4 95.5 89.6 87.3 81.2 77.3 72.2 68.3 62.8 57.8 53.5 26.9 15.0 9.5 6.3
4 United States 81.6 78.5 78.9 88.2 87.0 88.6 86.2 80.6 58.2 91.4 98.1 101.8 89.7 101.4 115.0
5 Russia 71.3 70.5 71.1 71.5 69.4 70.6 68.7 66.9 60.0 68.5 72.4 59.1 n/a[14] n/a[14] n/a[14]
6 South Korea 71.1 68.6 69.7 71.5 66.0 69.3 68.5 58.5 48.6 53.6 51.5 43.1 23.1 8.5 0.3
7 Germany 43.6 42.1 42.7 42.9 42.6 42.7 44.3 43.8 32.7 45.8 48.6 46.4 44.0 51.1 41.3
8 Turkey 37.5 33.2 31.5 34.0 34.7 35.9 34.1 29.0 25.3 26.8 25.8 14.3 9.4 2.5 1.0
9 Brazil 34.4 30.2 33.3 33.9 34.2 34.7 35.2 32.8 26.5 33.7 33.8 27.9 20.6 15.3 3.6
10 Italy 24.0 23.3 22.0 23.7 24.1 27.2 28.7 25.8 19.7 30.6 31.6 26.8 25.5 26.5 15.9
11 Taiwan 23.2 21.8 21.4 23.1 22.3 20.7 20.2 19.8 15.8 19.9 20.9
12 Ukraine 22.7 24.2 22.9 27.2 32.8 32.9 35.3 33.6 29.9 37.3 42.8 31.8 54.6[14] 52.3[14] n/a[14]
13 Iran 21.8 17.9 16.1 16.3 15.4 14.5 13.0 12.0 10.9 10.0 10.1 6.6 1.4 0.5 -
14 Mexico 20.0 19.0 18.3 19.0 18.2 18.1 18.1 17.0 14.2 17.2 17.6 15.6 8.7 7.1 3.0
15 France 15.5 14.6 15.0 16.1 15.7 15.6 15.8 15.4 12.8 17.9 19.3 21.0 19.0 23.1 19.6
16 Spain 14.5 13.6 14.9 14.3 13.7 13.6 15.6 16.3 14.3 18.6 19.0 15.8 12.9 12.8 4.5
17 Canada 13.7 12.7 12.5 12.7 12.4 13.5 13.1 13.0 9.0 14.8 15.6 16.6 12.3 15.9 8.8
18 Poland 10.3 8.9 9.1 8.6 8.0 8.4 8.8 8.0 7.2 9.7 10.6 10.5 13.6 19.5 10.4
19 Vietnam 10.3[15] 7.8[15] 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.3 4.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -
20 Austria 8.1 7.4 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.2 5.7 7.6 7.6 5.7 4.3 4.6 3.0
21 Belgium 7.7 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.4 8.1 8.1 5.6 10.7 10.7 11.6 11.5 12.3 9.7
22 United Kingdom 7.5 7.6 10.8 12.1 11.9 9.6 9.5 9.7 10.1 13.5 14.3 15.2 17.8 11.3 24.3
23 Egypt 6.8 5.0 5.5 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.7 5.5 6.2 6.2 2.8 2.2 1.0 0.4
24 Netherlands 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 5.2 6.8 7.4 5.7 5.4 5.3 3.4
25 South Africa 6.3 6.1 7.6 6.6 7.2 7.1 6.7 8.5 7.5 8.3 9.1 8.5 8.7 9.1 3.7
26 Australia 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.9 6.4 7.3 5.2 7.6 7.9 7.1 6.6 7.6 6.3
27 Slovakia 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.6 3.7 4.5 5.1 3.7 5.1[16] n/a[16] n/a[16]
28 Pakistan 5.0 3.6 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 - -
29 Saudi Arabia 4.8[15] 5.5 5.7 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.0 1.8 0.1 -
30 Indonesia 4.8[15] 4.8 4.9 4.4 2.6 2.3 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.9 4.1 2.9 2.8 0.5 -
31 Sweden 4.7 4.62 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.9 4.8 2.8 5.2 5.7 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.7
32 Argentina 4.6 4.1 5.0 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.7 5.1 4.0 5.5 5.4 4.5 3.6 2.7 1.3
33 Czech Republic 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.2 4.6 6.4 7.1 6.2 9.7[16] n/a[16] n/a[16]
34 Thailand 4.5 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.3 4.2 3.7 3.6 5.2 5.6 2.1 0.7 0.5 -
35 Kazakhstan 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.9 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.7 7.4[14] n/a[14] n/a[14]
36 Finland 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.1 4.4 4.4 4.1 2.9 2.5 0.4
37 Romania 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.8 3.9 2.7 5.0 6.3 4.7 9.7 13.2 4.1
38 United Arab Emirates 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - n/a
39 Malaysia 2.8 2.8 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.6 5.9 4.1 4.0 6.4 6.9 3.7 1.1 0.2 0.1
40 Qatar 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 -
41 Belarus 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4 1.5 1.5[14] - -
42 Luxembourg 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.6 4.6 4.5
Portugal n/a 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.3
Soviet Union - - - - - - - - - - - - 154.9 [1] 148 [2] 96.9[17]
— Others[18] n/a n/a n/a n/a 28.4 29.5 29.9 26.5 (est.) 23.3 (est.) 28.6 (est.) 30.7 (est.) n/a n/a n/a n/a
Exports[edit]
net: exports - imports
Top steel exporters in 2017[19]
Rank
Country
Mt
1 China 74.8
2 Japan 37.5
3 South Korea 31.4
4 Russia 31.1
5 European Union[20] 31.1
6 Germany 26.4
7 Italy 18.2
8 Belgium 18.1
9 Turkey 16.6
10 India 16.3
11 Brazil 15.3
12 Ukraine 15.2
13 France 14.8
14 Taiwan 12.1
15 Netherlands 10.9
16 United States 10.2
Top steel net exporters in 2017[21]
Rank
Country
Mt
1 China 60.9
2 Japan 31.2
3 Russia 24.9
4 Ukraine 13.8
5 Brazil 13.0
6 South Korea 12.0
7 India 7.5
8 Taiwan 4.7
9 Iran 4.4
10 Belgium 4.0
11 Austria 3.3
12 Slovakia 2.2
13 Netherlands 2.1
Imports[edit]
net: imports - exports
Top steel importers in 2017[22]
Rank
Country
Volume
1 European Union[20] 41.2
2 United States 35.4
3 Germany 27.1
4 Italy 20.1
5 South Korea 19.3
6 Vietnam 16.2
7 Turkey 15.8
8 France 15.1
9 Thailand 14.5
10 Belgium 14.1
11 China 13.9
12 Mexico 13.5
13 Indonesia 11.0
14 Poland 10.7
15 Spain 9.9
16 India 8.9
Top steel net importers in 2017[23]
Rank
Country
Volume
1 United States 25.2
2 Thailand 12.6
3 Vietnam 12.3
4 European Union[20] 10.1
5 Indonesia 8.7
6 Mexico 8.6
7 Philippines 7.3
8 Malaysia 6.0
9 Algeria 4.6
10 Poland 4.5
11 Pakistan 3.8
12 United Arab Emirates 3.8
13 Saudi Arabia 3.5
14 United Kingdom 3.1
15 Israel 2.8
See also[edit]
Steel industry
Global steel industry trends
List of steel producers
List of countries by iron ore production
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "World crude steel output increases by 5.3% in 2017". Retrieved 2018-02-27.
Jump up ^ World Steel Association Archived 2010-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. World Crude Steel Production 2009
Jump up ^ World Crude Steel Production 2010 Archived 2011-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ World Crude Steel Production 2011[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2014-07-27. World Crude Steel Production 2012
Jump up ^ "World Steel Production 1980-2013" (PDF). World Steel Association. Nov 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Handbook of World Steel Statistics" (PDF). 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Monthly crude steel production - 2017" (PDF). World Steel Assoctiation. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2018-02-04.
Jump up ^ "Monthly crude steel production" (PDF). World Steel Association. 24 Apr 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Steel Statistical Yearbook 2016" (PDF). World Steel Association. 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Steel Statistical Yearbook 2015" (PDF). World Steel Association. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "World Steel Statistics data 2013" (PDF). World Steel Association. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
Jump up ^ EEC until 1993
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Was part of USSR until 1992
^ Jump up to: a b c d partial data
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Was part of Czechoslovakia until 1993
Jump up ^ Hermann, Haack (1 January 1967). "Zahlen und Tatsachen zur Entwicklung der Sowjetunion, 50 Jahre Sowjetmacht".
Jump up ^ composition of other countries vary year to year, thus is not comparable
Jump up ^ https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f9359dff-9546-4d6b-bed0-996201185b12/World+Steel+in+Figures+2018.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c excluding intra-regional trade
Jump up ^ https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f9359dff-9546-4d6b-bed0-996201185b12/World+Steel+in+Figures+2018.pdf
Jump up ^ https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f9359dff-9546-4d6b-bed0-996201185b12/World+Steel+in+Figures+2018.pdf
Jump up ^ https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:f9359dff-9546-4d6b-bed0-996201185b12/World+Steel+in+Figures+2018.pdf
External links[edit]
World Steel Association
American Iron and Steel Institute
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text:
Waiting on the World to Change
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Waiting on the World to Change"
Single by John Mayer
from the album Continuum
Released
July 11, 2006
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
June 2006
Genre
Blue-eyed soul
pop rock
blues rock
Length
3:18
Label
Aware
Columbia
Sony
Songwriter(s)
John Mayer
Producer(s)
Steve Jordan
John Mayer
John Mayer singles chronology
"Go!"
(2005) "Waiting on the World to Change"
(2006) "Belief"
(2006)
"Go!"
(2005) "Waiting on the World to Change"
(2006) "Belief"
(2006)
Limited edition EP cover art
"Waiting on the World to Change" is a song by American singer-songwriter John Mayer. It was released as the lead single from his third studio album, Continuum (2006), on August 1, 2006. The song enjoyed commercial success as a single and won the Grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards.
Contents
1 Lyrics and structure
2 Music video
3 Promotion and release
4 Critical reception
5 Commercial performance
6 Personnel
7 Charts
8 References
9 External links
Lyrics and structure[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Waiting on the World to Change" contains a highly popular chord progression often found in blues, rock and soul songs. The chord progression is I - vi - IV - I - V - vi - IV - I, and in the case of "Waiting on the World to Change," it is in the key of D. Another interesting fact is the accenting of the beats in the verses. Contrary to most popular music, the second snare backbeat of the second measure of the two-bar beat that repeats through most of the song features an accent on the "and" of "4", and not directly on "4".
The song's theme centers on the singer and his generation's inaction in regard to current world conditions. However, he attributes this inaction to a lack of power:
Now we see everything that's going wrong
With the world and those who lead it
We just feel like we don't have the means
To rise above and beat it
He also laments the corruption among leaders:
It's not that we don't care,
We just know that the fight ain't fair
John Mayer confirmed this feeling of discontent between the leaders and that led to an interview with The Advocate, explaining the song this way: "It's saying, 'Well, I'll just watch American Idol because I know that if I were engaged in changing anything for the better, or the better as I see it, it would go unnoticed or be completely ineffective.' A lot of people have that feeling."[1] Even so, the song alludes to hope for the future, with the singer intoning that with his generation's ascension to power, things will change:
One day our generation
Is gonna rule the population
So we keep on waiting
Waiting on the world to change
Politics was a topic that Mayer had not previously tackled. On his decision to include a politically tinged song, he commented, "You cannot avoid war in life, you cannot avoid the fear of terrorism, you cannot avoid those things now, they are a part of everyday demeanor. So in that sense it's become more of an acceptable thing to comment on because it's just so much of a white elephant."[2]
Music video[edit]
The music video for the song was directed by Philip Andelman and features Mayer walking along the East River while commissioned graffiti artists Futura, Tats Cru, and Daze spray paint messages relating to the song's content on New York City billboards.[3][unreliable source]
Promotion and release[edit]
A limited-edition EP of "Waiting on the World to Change" was released that includes both the album version and a bonus, acoustic version featuring Ben Harper. The EP also is the only official source for the studio (electric) version of "Good Love Is On The Way", a live version of which was previously released on the live album Try! by the John Mayer Trio. This particular EP has only been made available through Best Buy and with the purchase of the Continuum album. An acoustic studio version of "Good Love Is on the Way" is also available on Mayer's EP entitled The Village Sessions, released on December 12, 2006 ("The Village Sessions" EP also contains the aforementioned Ben Harper acoustic version of "Waiting On The World to Change").
Critical reception[edit]
"Waiting on the World to Change"
From the album Continuum. This clip includes the final chorus after the bridge.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Waiting on the World to Change" received mixed reviews from music critics. Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times called the song "a lovely and anger-free ode to a vaguely dissatisfied generation,"[4] while Matt Collar with AMG wrote that "Nobody — not a single one of Mayer's contemporaries — has come up with anything resembling a worthwhile anti-war anthem that is as good and speaks for their generation as much as his 'Waiting on the World to Change'".[5] Rolling Stone called the opening track and first single "a moving apologia for Gen Y's seeming 'apathy'".[6] Other reviewers commented on his progression as an artist; Tony Pascarella found the song "gives listeners, both old and new, an idea of how far Mayer has come. To be frank, this is no 'Your Body Is A Wonderland.' With Continuum, Mayer broadens his fan base by infusing a very blues and R&B-influenced sound."[7] Not all reviews were glowing: Entertainment Weekly and the Los Angeles Times were both less than impressed, with the Times saying that, in the song, "his mood tightens up unpleasantly".[8] Greg Kot in the Chicago Tribune also referred to the song (in his report on Mayer's appearance at the Crossroads Guitar Festival) as "[perhaps] the most spineless social-justice song ever written. It advocates a passive approach, whereas the song it most closely resembles --- Curtis Mayfield's classic "People Get Ready" --- urges everyone to get involved, or risk being left behind".[9] Pitchfork found in the track "the gravitas of an infomercial but only a fraction of the soul", giving it the least grade.[10]
Commercial performance[edit]
On February 22, 2007, it peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. It stayed on the charts for 41 weeks.[11] The single also reached number 1 on Billboard's Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, remaining on the chart for over a year. It is Mayer's most successful single (both in sales and chart positions). To date, in the US, the single has sold over two million digital downloads, becoming the 103rd song to top the two million mark in paid downloads. It is Mayer's first song to reach that plateau.[12] It has been certified platinum by the RIAA, a distinction for downloads and sales in excess of one million. The song has found success internationally as well. It peaked at number 17 on the Australian ARIA Digital Singles Chart. It also peaked at number 36 on the New Zealand RIANZ Top 40 Singles Chart.
Personnel[edit]
John Mayer – lead vocals, guitar
Pino Palladino – bass, backing vocals
Steve Jordan – drums, percussion
Rick Peterson – keyboards, backing vocals
Roy Hargrove – horns
Harley Pasternak, Jeannie Martinez, Kristen Moss, Lee Padgett, Maggie Slavonic, Ricky Cytonbaum, Sandy Vongdasy, Scotty Crowe – backing vocals
Charts[edit]
Chart (2006–07)
Peak
position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[13] 27
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[14] 55
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[15] 36
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[16] 115
US Billboard Hot 100[17] 14
US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard)[18] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[19] 1
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[20] 2
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[21] 15
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wirt, John (January 26, 2007), "John Mayer finding unexpected deeper connection with fans through 'Continuum'" Advocate volume unknown:16
Jump up ^ Mumbi Moody, Nekesa (2006). "John Mayer: Better With Pop" MSN.com Retrieved August 20, 2007
Jump up ^ Macleod, Duncan. "John Mayer Waiting on the World to Change". inspiration room. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Sanneh, Kelefa (March 2, 2007) "The Apologetic Pop Star, Still Trying to Claim the Blues" The New York Times Retrieved August 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ Collar, Matt (date unknown) "Review" AllMusic. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ DeCurtis, Anthony (September 11, 2006). "Album Reviews" Retrieved August 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ Pascarella, Tony (September 28, 2006). "John Mayer - Continuum" AbsolutePunk.net. Retrieved August 20, 2007.
Jump up ^ Kane, Rich (September 29, 2006), "It's hard to dislike him" Los Angeles Times
Jump up ^ "Crossroads Guitar Festival press coverage". Crossroads Guitar Festival 2007.
Jump up ^ Strew, Roque (August 16, 2006). "Track Reviews" Retrieved May 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Hot 100". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul (2009-06-24). "Week Ending June 21, 2009: JoBros' "Mo" Slows | Chart Watch - Yahoo! Music". New.music.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – John Mayer – Waiting on the World to Change" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Charts.nz – John Mayer – Waiting On the World to Change". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chart Log UK: M – My Vitriol". Zobbel.de. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Adult Alternative Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "John Mayer Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
External links[edit]
Live "Waiting on the World to Change" performance, on MSN.com
D-PAN music video with ASL accompaniment, on D-PAN.com
"Waiting on the World to Change" lyrics, at Yahoo! Music
"Waiting on the World to Change" music video on YouTube
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Spencer's Mountain
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Spencer's Mountain
Directed by
Delmer Daves
Produced by
Delmer Daves
Screenplay by
Delmer Daves
Based on
the novel by
Earl Hamner Jr.
Starring
Henry Fonda
Maureen O'Hara
Music by
Max Steiner
Cinematography
Charles Lawton, A.S.C.
H. F. Koenekamp, A.S.C. (second unit)
Edited by
David Wages
Production
company
A Delmer Daves Production
Distributed by
Warner Bros.
Release date
May 16, 1963 (1963-05-16)
Running time
118 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$4.5 million (US/ Canada rentals) [1]
Spencer's Mountain is a 1963 American family drama film written, directed, and produced by Delmer Daves from the 1961 novel of the same name by Earl Hamner Jr.[2] The film stars Henry Fonda, Maureen O'Hara,[3] and in early appearances in their careers, James MacArthur, Veronica Cartwright, and Victor French. Longtime Hollywood actor Donald Crisp plays "Grandpa", his final screen role.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Unbilled
3 Production
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The Spencers are a large and growing family living in the Grand Teton Mountains of Wyoming in the early 1960s. Family patriarch Clay Spencer (Henry Fonda) is fiercely independent, yet dedicated to his family. While he resists the influence of religion, he struggles to remain faithful to his wife Olivia (Maureen O'Hara), to enable his son Clay Spencer, Jr. (James MacArthur) - whom most everyone calls "Clayboy" - to attend college, and to build a new home for his family. The area is very rural, and the family of eleven does not own a motor vehicle or even a horse, nor do they have electricity or a telephone.
One day Olivia asks Clay for money for a high school graduation ring for Clayboy, but Clay says he doesn’t have the money. He used what they had to buy a table saw from his boss. He promises to get the money by working overtime at the quarry, and then the men set off to Clay's land on Spencer's Mountain. They work on the foundation for the house he plans to build for his family. In fact, he's been promising to build the house for years.
The next day, Clay and Clayboy take their cow to their neighbor Percy Cook's (Dub Taylor) farm to get her bred with Methuselah, the local prize bull. Percy's daughter Minnie-Cora (Kathy Bennett) comes on to Clayboy, and he's unsure how to react. Later, talking with his dad, Clay tells him to remember: a lady ain't no cow, and he ain't no bull.
Clay then works overtime to get the money for Clayboy's ring, and his boss Col. Coleman (Hayden Rorke) gives him an added bonus: a day off with pay the day trout season opens. While Clay slips off to fish (instead of working on the house), the town prepares for the arrival of their new minister. Enjoying himself at the river, Clay meets a stranger, who joins him, and Clay tells him about the old granddad of all fish – and offers him a drink from a bottle he calls "insect repellent". Later, the man comments that he finds the "repellent" to be "somewhat numbing". It is in fact moonshine, and the man hooks "old granddad". When the fish gets away, Clay launches into a profanity-laden tirade. The man chides him for his salty speech, and then – right before he plunges head first into the river – reveals that he's Preacher Goodman (Wally Cox), the town's new minister. When he and Clay, drunk and drenched, stumble into town, he is now disgraced to everyone.
Clay learns that the outraged community has all boycotted Goodman's church in favor of another, so he sets about fixing things. He essentially blackmails everyone into returning to the church, despite the fact that he doesn't go himself. As he's helped virtually everyone in town, over the years, they either go to church or pay him for the work he's done. They go, and Goodman leads them in the song "Shall We Gather at the River".
Clayboy graduates from high school, as the only boy in a class of less than a dozen seniors. His teacher Miss Parker (Virginia Gregg) wants him to go to college, and she and the minister come to talk to Olivia and Clay. The only scholarship available is to study theology. However, Clay comes home drunk, having been celebrating his son's accomplishment at being the first of the family to graduate. So, he signs the application without reading it. The teacher then begs Col. Coleman to convert an old building into a community library and pay Clayboy to run it, so he can earn money toward college. While working on the library, Clayboy meets an old friend: the boss's daughter Claris (Mimsy Farmer), now home from college, who shows a great interest in him. They start dating.
When Clayboy gets a rejection letter from the college, Clay borrows a neighbor's vehicle and drives to the city to ask the dean why. The dean explains that Clayboy had not studied Latin, which was required for his ministry scholarship. Clay is furious to learn that his son would study for ministry, but he works out a deal with the dean: if Clayboy can learn Latin before the start of college, he can enroll, but there will be no scholarship. Goodman agrees to teach Clayboy Latin, in exchange for Clay starting to attend church. He does, to the amazement of everyone.
Clay and his dad Grandpa Spencer (Donald Crisp), visit the old homestead on Spencer's Mountain, and Grandpa speaks of his concerns about the big tree next to the family cemetery. Clay says he'll chop it down. Meanwhile, Grandpa putters around the ruins of his old home. When he finds a childhood memento, he heads back toward Clay. The tree starts to fall in Grandpa's direction, and Clay tries to warn Grandpa off, but he freezes. Clay races to get him out of the way, but only ends up getting in the way himself. Both are crushed. Clayboy arrives, having been sent to bring the two their lunch. He rings a large alarm bell to summon the townsfolk to help and everyone heads up the mountain. Clay is hurt, but will recover. Grandpa has been mortally wounded, and dies soon after they get him home. After his funeral, Grandma reads his will. As he had given his sons his homestead on the mountain, he had nothing else left to give – except $37, and he leaves it to Clayboy to help him in college.
Clay and Clayboy go to college to show the dean Clayboy's certificate for Latin. He accepts it, and adds the name Clay Spencer Jr. to the roll of incoming freshmen. Clay then visits a friend to get a loan to pay for the college. Minnie-Cora, whom Clayboy had earlier rejected, is now married to the friend, and she won't let him lend Clay the money. Olivia takes the kids home and tells Clay to give up – Clayboy is never going to get to college. Clay visits the new house, now well under construction, and hears Olivia's words echoing in his mind as he strolls around the place. Drenching the wood framing in accelerant, he burns the house down. Later, at home, he tells Olivia all the things he's going to do to fix up their existing home, and tells her the new house is gone. He's sold the land to Col. Coleman to pay for Clayboy's college.
Later, at the bus stop, the family says good-bye to Clayboy. Before getting on board, he and Clay embrace, and then he sits in the back next to a man. The fellow asks if he's going far, and Clayboy responds: "Right far," even as the tears trickle down his face.
Cast[edit]
Henry Fonda as Clay Spencer
Maureen O'Hara as Olivia Spencer
James MacArthur as Clayboy Spencer
Donald Crisp as Grandpa Spencer
Wally Cox as Preacher Goodman
Mimsy Farmeras Claris Coleman
Virginia Gregg as Miss Parker
Lillian Bronson as Grandma Spencer
Whit Bissell as Dr. Campbell
Hayden Rorke as Colonel Coleman
Kathy Bennett as Minnie-Cora Cook
Dub Taylor as Percy Cook
Hope Summers as Mother Ida
Ken Mayer as Mr. John
Unbilled[edit]
Susan Young as Shirley Spencer [4]
Gary Young as Mat Spencer [4]
Michael Young as Mark Spencer [4]
Ricky Young as Luke Spencer [4]
Rocky Young as John Spencer [4]
Veronica Cartwright as Becky Spencer
Kym Karath as Pattie-Cake Spencer
Barbara McNair as graduation singer
Mike Henry as Spencer brother
Victor French as Spencer brother
Larry D. Mann as Spencer brother
Med Flory as Spencer brother
Michael Greene as Spencer brother
Jim O'Hara (Maureen O'Hara's brother) as Spencer brother
Bronwyn FitzSimons [Maureen O'Hara's daughter] as Dean Beck's secretary
Rory Mallinson as campus cop
Production[edit]
The novel and film became the basis for the popular television series The Waltons, which followed in 1972. The series switched the setting from the film's Wyoming to the novel's Virginia, and placed the action in 1933 during the Great Depression. The series also differed from both the film and novel by playing down many of the adult themes, including alcoholism and infidelity, to suit the standards of early-70s family television. Spencer's Mountain was the second of three films co-starring Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara. Twenty years earlier they starred in the 1943 war drama Immortal Sergeant and, ten years after Spencer's Mountain, played the leads in the 1973 made-for-television film adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel The Red Pony, directed and co-written by Spencer's Mountain second unit director Robert Totten.
Spencer's Mountain features the majestic scenery of Wyoming's Teton Range, as photographed by cinematographer Charles Lawton in Panavision and Technicolor. It was filmed in and around the town of Jackson and features the nearby Chapel of the Transfiguration. Although the original novel was set in the Appalachians of Virginia, Hamner said in 1963 that Daves wanted more imposing mountains to emphasize the characters' isolation and struggles with their environment.[5]
Film critic Judith Crist, writing in The New York Herald Tribune, said of the film, "sheer prurience and perverted morality," adding "it makes the nudie shows at the Rialto look like Walt Disney productions."[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "All-Time Top Grossers". Variety. 8 January 1964. p. 69.
Jump up ^ McInerney, Lee (July 15, 1963). "The New Film / 'Spencer's Mountain' Stars Henry Fonda; Now at the Stanley". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 12.
Jump up ^ Marsters, Jack (June 15, 1963). "Eyes Fascinate Maureen O'Hara". The Gazette. Montreal. p. 28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Spencer's Mountain (1963)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Printz, Bill (June 30, 1963). "Family Love in 'Spencer's Mountain'". Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal. p. 6D.
Jump up ^ Italie, Hillel (August 8, 2012). "Groundbreaking film critic Crist dies at age 90". New York Herald Tribune.
External links[edit]
Spencer's Mountain on IMDb
Spencer's Mountain at AllMovie
Spencer's Mountain at the TCM Movie Database
Spencer's Mountain at the American Film Institute Catalog
hide
v
t
e
Films directed by Delmer Daves
Destination Tokyo (1943)
The Very Thought of You (1944)
Hollywood Canteen (1944)
Pride of the Marines (1945)
The Red House (1947)
Dark Passage (1947)
To the Victor (1948)
A Kiss in the Dark (1949)
Task Force (1949)
Broken Arrow (1950)
Bird of Paradise (1951)
Return of the Texan (1952)
Treasure of the Golden Condor (1953)
Never Let Me Go (1953)
Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954)
Drum Beat (1954)
Jubal (1956)
The Last Wagon (1956)
3:10 to Yuma (1957)
Cowboy (1958)
Kings Go Forth (1958)
The Badlanders (1958)
The Hanging Tree (1959)
A Summer Place (1959)
Parrish (1961)
Susan Slade (1961)
Rome Adventure (1962)
Spencer's Mountain (1963)
Youngblood Hawke (1964)
The Battle of the Villa Fiorita (1965)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spencer%27s_Mountain&oldid=866034462"
Categories:
1963 films
English-language films
1960s drama films
American films
American drama films
Films about families
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Delmer Daves
Films scored by Max Steiner
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in Wyoming
Films shot in Wyoming
The Waltons
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Public holidays in India
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India, being a culturally diverse and fervent society, celebrates various holidays and festivals. There are four national holidays in India: Republic Day on 26 January, International Workers' Day on 1 May, Independence Day on 15 August and Mahatma Gandhi's birthday on 2 October.[1][2]
States have local festivals depending on prevalent religious and linguistic demographics. Popular religious festivals include the Sikh festivals like Guru Nanak Jayanti and Vaisakhi; Hindu festivals of Makar Sankranti, Maha Shivratri, Onam, Janmashtami, Saraswati Puja, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Raksha Bandhan, Holi, Durga Puja, Dussehra; Muslim festivals of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Mawlid, Muharram; Buddhist festivals like Ambedkar Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, Dhammachakra Pravartan Day and Losar; and Christian festivals of Christmas and days of observances such as Good Friday are observed throughout India.
Contents
[hide]
1 National holidays
2 Hindu holidays
3 Sikh holidays
4 Islamic holidays
5 Christian holidays
6 Buddhist holidays
7 Jain holiday
8 Parsee (Zoroastrian) holidays
8.1 Ravidassia holidays
8.2 Ayyavazhi holidays
9 Secular holidays
10 Issues with the large number of holidays
11 Holidays in government offices
11.1 Central government
11.1.1 Annexure I
11.1.1.1 Para 2
11.1.1.2 Para 3.1
11.1.2 Annexure II
11.2 Central government organisations
11.3 Union territory administrations
11.4 Indian missions abroad
11.5 Banks
11.5.1 Restricted holidays
12 See also
13 References
National holidays[edit]
Soldiers of the Madras Regiment during the annual Republic Day Parade in 2004
National holidays are observed in all states and union territories.
India has Three national days.
They are:
Date
English name
Commemorates
26 January Republic Day Adoption of the Constitution of India[3] (1950)
15 August Independence Day Independence from British Empire (1947)
2 October Gandhi Jayanthi Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary
Hindu holidays[edit]
People celebrating Holi in Delhi.
Hindus celebrate a number of festivals all through the year. Hindu festivals have one or more of religious, mythological and seasonal significance. The observance of the festival, the symbolisms used and attached, and the style and intensity of celebration varies from region to region within the country. A list of the more popular festivals is given below:-
For dates see:
Main article: Hindu festivals
Holiday
Observed in
Bhogi/Lohri Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra (as Bhogi), Punjab (as Lohri)
Makar Sankranti/Maghi/Magh Bihu/Pongal Andaman & Nicobar, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (as Magh Bihu), Gujarat (as Uttarayan), Karnataka, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, West Bengal (as Makar Sankranti), Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh (as Maghi), Rajasthan (as Makar Sankranti), Pongal / Tamilar Thirunaal (Tamilnadu)
Vishu Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Vasant Panchami (Aka, Saraswati Puja) Orissa, Tripura, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra
Ratha Saptami Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka
Maha Shivaratri Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chandigarh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
Holi (Aka, Dol) all states and territories except Kerala, Nagaland, Mizoram, Goa, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu
Gudi Padwa/Ugadi/Puthandu Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu
Ram Navami Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Hanuman Jayanti Maharashtra, Orissa, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh (as Bada Mangal), Andhra pradesh and Telangana.
Akshaya Tritiya/Maharishi Parashurama Jayanti Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh
Rath Jatra Orissa, Gujarat
Nag Panchami or Guga-Navami all states and territories except Goa
Raksha Bandhan (Aka, Rákhi Púrńimá) Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Haryana, Orissa, Punjab, Maharashtra, Telangana.
Krishna Janmashtami Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, West Bengal
Ganesh Chaturthi Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Orissa, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh
Onam/Thiruvonam Kerala, Pondicherry
Raja Parba Orissa
Mahalaya Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam, Orissa
Dussehra/Durga Puja all states
holiday for 2 days in Andhra Pradesh, mainly in Telangana (after Bathukamma), Bihar, Kerala, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
holiday for 3 days in Orissa, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, and Tripura
holiday for 6 days in West Bengal
11th day Bhashani Utchhav in Orissa
Kumara Purnima (a.k.a. Kojaagari Pornima) Maharashtra (as Kojaagari Pornima), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal.
Diwali (Aka, Káli Puja, Deepavali and Diipávali) all states and territories except Kerala
observed for 2 days in Assam, West Bengal, Karnataka, Orissa,
observed for 5 days in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
observed for 6 days in Maharashtra
Vasu Baras (a.k.a. Govatsa Dwadashi) Maharashtra
Dhan Teras (a.k.a. Dhan Trayodashi) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh
Naraka Chaturdashi all states
Lakshmi Puja Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Tripura
Goverdhan Pooja all states
Bhai Duj (Aka, Bhau-beej, Yama Dwitiya, Bhai Phota) Maharashtra, Goa, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar.
Devotthan Ekadashi Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and some parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
Hartalika Teej Maharashtra, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
Jagaddhatri Puja West Bengal
Vishwakarma Puja Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal.
Nuakhai Orissa
Chhath Puja Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh
Bathukamma Telangana
Bonalu Telangana
Sikh holidays[edit]
A number of Sikh holidays are Gurpurbs, anniversaries of a guru's birth or death; marked by the holding of a festival.
Holiday
Observed in
Guru Gobind Singh Ji Gurpurab Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Ji Punjab
Vaisakhi Andaman & Nicobar, Assam, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Guru Nanak Gurpurab Andaman & Nicobar, Assam, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Jharkhand
Islamic holidays[edit]
Mawlid or Eid-e-Milād-un-Nabī being celebrated in a town in Uttar Pradesh.
Holiday
Observed in
Day of Ashura
10th Muharram. Death of Imam Hussain ibn Ali All States & Territories.
Mawlid
Prophet Mohammad's Birthday All States & Territories.
Birthday of Ali ibn Abi Talib
Terah Rajab
Hazrat Ali Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Shab-e-Barat
Mid-Sha'ban Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Jumat-ul-Wida
Alvida
Last Friday in Ramadan Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
Eid ul-Fitr
Eid/Ramazan Id
End of Ramadan all states and territories
Eid e Ghadeer
Eid/Eid e Ghadeer
18th of Dhu al-Hijjah Telangana[4]
Eid al-Adha
Bakr-Id
Feast of the Sacrifice all states and territories
Christian holidays[edit]
Shops selling Christmas decorations in Kolkata.
Date
Holiday
Observed on
1 January (2016)
An Act of Thanksgiving, for the Blessings of the Past Year Prayer for a Blessing on the New Year
New Year Day All States and territories
20 March (2016)
Holy Day of Obligation
Palm Sunday All States and territories
13 April (2017) Maundy Thursday All states and territories
14 April (2017) Good Friday All states and territories
16 April (2017) Easter Sunday All states and territories
15 May (2016) Feast of Pentecost All states and territories
3 July Feast of St. Thomas the Apostle Kerala
5 September
A "mother to the poor"
Fest of St. Theresa of Calcutta All states and territories
8 September Feast of the Blessed Virgin All states and territories
1 November
Dedicated to All Saints
All Saints Day All states and territories
2 November
Dedicated to those who have died and not yet reached heaven
All Souls Day All states and territories
3 December Feast of St. Francis Xavier Goa
25 December Christmas Day All states and territories
26 December Boxing Day Telangana[5]
30 December Feast of Holy Family All states and territories
Buddhist holidays[edit]
Holiday
Observed in
Ambedkar Jayanti Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Hariyana, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Pondicherry, Rajasthan, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
Buddha Purnima Andaman & Nicobar, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
Dhammachakra Pravartan Day Maharashtra
Losar Sikkim, Ladakh
Jain holiday[edit]
Holiday
Observed in
Mahavir Jayanti Andaman & Nicobar, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Paryushan Andaman & Nicobar, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Parsee (Zoroastrian) holidays[edit]
Note: The Parsis in India use a Shahenshahi calendar, unlike the Iranians who use a Kadmi calendar. The North American and European Parsis have adapted their own version of the Fasli calendar. This is however looked down upon by a lot of the Parsis in North America, who continue to use the Shahenshai calendar. These differences cause changes in the dates of the holidays. For example, the Zoroastrian New Year falls in the spring for the Iranians but in the summer for the Parsis.
Holiday
Observed in
Nowruz
(Parsee New Year) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Pondicherry, Punjab
Ravidassia holidays[edit]
Holiday
Observed in
Guru Ravidass Jayanti Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh.
Ayyavazhi holidays[edit]
The Masi Procession to Swamithope Pathi during Ayya Vaikunda Avatar
Holiday
Observed in
Ayya Vaikunda Avataram Tamil Nadu[6]
Secular holidays[edit]
In addition to the official holidays, many religious, ethnic, and other traditional holidays populate the calendar, as well as observances proclaimed by officials and lighter celebrations. These are rarely observed by Central government and businesses
Date
Holiday
Observed in
1 January New Year's Day Most of India
14 January Pongal Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu (Official Holiday in all States)
23 January Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Jayanti Orissa, Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Assam
19 February Chatrapati Shivaji's Jayanti Maharashtra
15 March Kanshi Ram's Jayanti Uttar Pradesh
22 March Bihar Day Bihar
30 March Rajasthan Day Rajasthan
1 April Utkala Dibasa
(Odisha day) Orissa
14 April Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's Jayanti Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
2nd Day of Chaitra, March–April Cheti Chand
(Sindhi New Year) Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh
15 April Bihu
(Assamese New Year) Assam
15 April Maha Vishuva Sankranti / Pana Sankranti
(Oriya New Year) Orissa
14/15 April Pohela Boishakh
(Bengali New Year) Tripura, West Bengal
1st Day of Chithirai, March–April Vishu / Varusha Pirappu or Puthandu
(Malayali & Tamil New Year) Kerala, Tamil Nadu
1 May Labour Day (not a Gazetted holiday)[7][8] Telangana, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Manipur, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal, Orissa, Rajasthan,
1 May Maharashtra Day Maharashtra
1 May Gujarat Day Gujarat
9 May Rabindra Jayanti West Bengal
16 May Annexation Day Sikkim
2 June Telangana Formation Day Telangana
15 June Maharana Pratap Jayanti Rajasthan
Purnima of Ashvin Month Valmiki Jayanti Karnataka
26 October Accession Day Jammu and Kashmir
31 October Sardar Patel Jayanti Gujarat
1 November Karnataka Rajyotsava Karnataka
1 November Andhra Pradesh Foundation Day Andhra Pradesh
1 November Haryana Foundation Day Haryana
1 November Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day Madhya Pradesh
1 November Kerala Foundation Day Kerala
1 November Chhattisgarh Foundation Day Chhattisgarh
3rd Day Of Kartika (month) Krishna Paksha (November) Kanaka Jayanti Karnataka
7 December Armed Forces Flag Day Indian military
Issues with the large number of holidays[edit]
While having so many Government Holidays kept in line with the idea of peaceful co-existence of all religions, there have been demands from various public bodies that the system of a multitude of religious holidays is hampering economic activities to a great extent. The past two Central Govt. Pay Commissions [1] have recommended the abolition of all Central Govt. Holidays on religious festivals, and instead, substitute with three national Holidays, i.e., Independence Day (15 August), Republic Day (26 January) and Gandhi Jayanti (2 October).
It was also recommended to increase the amount of existing Restricted Holidays (Optional Holidays) depending on one's religious persuasion from existing two to eight. The rationale being, 8 holidays can more than cater for the festivals of any particular religion. So there is no point in having more than these many number of holidays, since religion does not warrant a Hindu to celebrate Eid or a Muslim to celebrate Diwali.
With the proposed system, however, it was left to the individual to choose which 8 Holidays to celebrate, irrespective of his religious belief. However, this recommendation has not been accepted by the Govt. of India, fearing a loss of popularity[citation needed], and thus Indian Govt. continues with an unusually large number of religious holidays as compared to most other countries.
Holidays in government offices[edit]
Central & State governments in India annually issue list of holidays to be observed in respective government offices during the respective year.[9] List is divided into two parts:
Gazetted holidays (Annexure I)
Restricted holidays (Annexure II)
Apart from this local administration at district level also issue list of additional holidays known as local holidays, which are observed at district level.
Central government[edit]
The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (Department of Personnel and Training) on behalf of Government of India issues a list of holidays to be observed in central government offices during the respective year. The list is divided in two parts i.e. Annexure I & Annexure II.[9]
Annexure I[edit]
Annexure I also known as Gazetted holidays, consists of list of holidays which are mandatory once decided.[9] This list consists of two parts:
Para 2
Para 3.1
Para 2[edit]
It consists of holidays which have to be observed compulsorily across India.[9] These holidays are:
Republic Day,
Independence Day,
Gandhi Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti
Budha Purnima
Christmas Day
Dussehra
Diwali (Deepavali)
Good Friday
Guru Nanak's Birthday
Eid ul-Fitr
Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
Muharram
Prophet Mohammad's Birthday (Id-e-Milad)
Para 3.1[edit]
In addition to the above 14 Compulsory holidays mentioned in para 2, three holidays are decided from the list indicated below by the Central Government Employees Welfare Coordination Committee in the State Capitals (if necessary, in consultation with Coordination Committees at other places in the State). The final list is applicable uniformly to all Central Government offices within the concerned State shall. they are notified after seeking prior approval of this Ministry and no change can be carried out thereafter. No change is permissible in regard to festivals and dates.[9]
An additional day for Dussehra
Holi
Janamashtami (Vaishanvi)
Ram Navami
Maha Shivratri
Ganesh Chaturthi / Vinayak Chaturthi
Makar Sankrantili
Onam
Sri Panchami / Basanta Panchami
Vishu / Vaisakhi / Vaisakhadi / Bhag Bihu / Mashadi Ugadi / Chaitra Sakladi / Cheti Chand / Gudhi Pada 1st Navratra / Nauraj
Annexure II[edit]
Annexure II also known as Restricted holidays, consists of list of holidays which are optional. Each employee is allowed to avail any two holidays to be chosen out of the list of Restricted Holidays. The Coordination Committees at the State Capitals draw up separate list of Restricted Holidays keeping in view the occasions of local importance but the 9 occasions left over, after choosing the 3 variable holidays in para 3.1, are to be included in the list of restricted holidays.[9]
Central government organisations[edit]
Central Government Organisations which include industrial, commercial and trading establishments observe up to 16 holidays in a year including three national holidays viz. Republic Day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, as compulsory holidays. The remaining holidays / occasions may be determined by such establishments / organisations themselves, subject to para 3.2.[9]
Union territory administrations[edit]
Union Territory Administrations decide the list of holidays in terms of Ministry of Home Affairs letter No.14046/27 /83- GP-I dated 15 February 1984 by which they observe a total of 16 holidays including the three National Holidays viz. Republic Day, Independence Day & Mahatma Gandhi's birthday.[9]
Indian missions abroad[edit]
In respect of Indian Missions abroad, the number of holidays are notified in accordance with the instructions contained in Department of Personnel and Training's O.M. No.12/5/2002-JCA dated 17 December 2002. In other words, they have the option to select 11(Eleven) holidays of their own only after including in the list, three National Holidays and Diwali, Milad-Un-Nabi or Id-E-Milad, Mahavir Jayanti, Idu'l Fitr, Dussehra (Vijaya Dashami), Guru Nanak's Birthday, Christmas Day included in the list of compulsory holidays and falling on days of weekly off.[9]
Banks[edit]
Main article: Bank holidays in India
In respect of Banks, the holidays are restricted to 15 days in a year in terms of the instructions issued by the Department of Economic Affairs (BankingDivision).[9]
Bank's Holiday
Gandhi Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti
Maharaja Agresen Jayanti
Kashiram Death Anniversary
Dussehra (Maha Navami)
Dussehra (Vijaya Dashami)
Dusshera (Maha Navaratri, Durgotsava, Durga Ashtami, Durga Ashtami)
Deepawali
Deepawali (Govardhan Puja)
Bhai Duj/Chitragupt Jayanti
Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
Guru Nanak's birthday/Kartik Poornima
Dr. B R. Ambedkar's Nirwan Diwas
Moharram
Christmas
Restricted holidays[edit]
New Year's Day
International Women's day
Gudhi Padwa
Guru Gobind Singh Ji Gurpurab
Makar Sankaranti
Basanta Panchami
Guru Ravidas Jayanti
Chehalum
Holi
Istar Saturday
Istar Monday
Baishakhi
Janmashtami
Vishwakarma Pooja
Eid ul fitr
Ganesh Chaturthi
Anant chaturdasi
Dussehra (Maha Ashtami)
Maharshi Balmiki Jayanti
Deepawali (Narak Chaturdasi)
Eid ul Adha (Bakrid)
Guru Teg Bahadur Shahid Diwas
Moharram
Christmas
See also[edit]
Bank holidays in India
Indian New Year's days
List of Hindu festivals
List of Sikh festivals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ National holidays
Jump up ^ National and Public holidays
Jump up ^ "Introduction to Constitution of India". Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
Jump up ^ http://www.telanganateachers.in/general-holiday-on-6-10-2014-bakra-eid-bakri-eid/
Jump up ^ Dec.26 declared public holiday
Jump up ^ Thousands take part in Ayya Vaikundar Avatar day - The Hindu, India's National Daily, 04-03-2012, ' " The government had also declared a restricted holiday on Saturday, for the first time, in the State in view of Ayya Vaikundar Avatar day. " '
Jump up ^ http://india.gov.in/calendar
Jump up ^ http://goir.ap.gov.in/CalenderYear.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Holidays to be observed in central government offices during 2017 Note a new version of this document is released each year, and old versions may not be available beyond one or two years previous. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
[hide]
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Days of Importance to India
National holidays
Republic Day
Independence Day
Gandhi Jayanti
Central Government Holidays
Republic Day
Independence Day
Gandhi Jayanti
Ambedkar Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti
Buddha's Birthday
Christmas Day
Dussehra
Diwali (Deepavali)
Good Friday
Guru Nanak's Birthday
Eid ul-Fitr
Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
Muharram
Prophet Mohammad's Birthday (Id-e-Milad)
Bank Holidays
Bank's Holiday
Ambedkar Jayanti
Gandhi Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti
Maharaja Agresen Jayanti
Kashiram Death Anniversary
Dussehra (Maha Navami)
Dussehra (Vijaya Dashami)
Deepawali
Deepawali (Govardhan Puja)
Bhai Duj/Chitragupt Jayanti
Eid al-Adha (Bakrid)
Guru Nanak's birthday/Kartik Poornima
Dr. B R. Ambedkar's Nirwan Diwas
Moharram
Christmas
Hindu holidays
Bhogi/Lohri
Makar Sankranti/Pongal/Maghi/Magh Bihu
Thiruvalluvar Day
Uzhavar Thirunal
Farmers Day
Vasant Panchami (aka Saraswati Puja)
Ratha Saptami
Maha Shivaratri
Holi (aka Dol)
Gudi Padwa/Ugadi/Puthandu
Ram Navami
Hanuman Jayanti
Akshaya Tritiya/Maharishi Parashurama Jayanti
Rath Jatra
Nag Panchami or Guga-Navami
Raksha Bandhan (aka Rákhi Púrńimá)
Krishna Janmashtami
Ganesh Chaturthi
Onam
Raja Parba
Mahalaya
Dussehra/Durga Puja
Kumara Purnima (aka Kojaagari Pornima)
Diwali (aka Káli Puja, Deepavali and Diipávali)
Devotthan Ekadashi
Hartalika Teej
Jagaddhatri Puja
Visvakarma Puja
Nuakhai
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External debt of Haiti
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Sticker in Port-au-Prince demanding repayment from the French government
Contents
[hide]
1 Independence debt
2 Duvalier debt
3 Initiatives to cancel Haiti's debt
4 Debt cancellation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Independence debt[edit]
Haiti’s legacy of debt began shortly after gaining independence from France in 1804. In 1825, France, with warships at the ready, demanded Haiti compensate France for its loss of slaves and its slave colony. In exchange for French recognition of Haiti as a sovereign republic, France demanded payment of 150 million francs. In 1838, France agreed to reduce the debt to 90 million francs to be paid over a period of 30 years to compensate former plantation owners who had lost their property.[1] The modern equivalent of $21 billion was paid from Haiti to France.[2]
The transfer of wealth from Haiti to the French government and from Haiti to the various banks that financed the Independence Debt is well established. Detailed claims, submitted by former slave owners for compensation, including the monetary value of the “lost” slaves, and which formed the basis for the French government’s demands have been documented.
Likewise, the terms of the 1825 Ordinance and accounts of its negotiation have survived.
The French government finally acknowledged the payment of 90,000,000F in 1893. It took until 1947 for Haiti to finally pay off all the associated interest of the debt.[3] The story of the first payment - 24,000,000 gold francs – being transported across Paris, from the vaults of Ternaux Gandolphe et Cie to the coffers of the French Treasury was recorded in detail. Historians have traced loan documents from the time of the 1825 Ordinance, through the various refinancing efforts, to the final remittance to National City Bank in 1947.[1]
Duvalier debt[edit]
From 1957 to 1986 Haiti was ruled by the corrupt and oppressive Duvalier family. Loans incurred during this period alone were estimated to account for approximately 40% of Haiti's debt in 2000, before debt relief was granted. These funds were used to strengthen the Duvaliers' control over Haiti and for various fraudulent schemes. Large amounts were simply stolen by the Duvaliers.
Initiatives to cancel Haiti's debt[edit]
Jubilee USA, Jubilee Debt Campaign (UK)[4] and others, called for the immediate cancellation of Haiti's debt to multilateral institutions, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Inter-American Development Bank, based on the argument that this debt is unjust (under a legal term called odious debt) and that Haiti could better use the funds going towards debt service for education, health care, and basic infrastructure.[5]
The Haiti Debt Cancellation Resolution[6] had 66 co-sponsors in the U.S. House of Representatives as of February 2008.
Several organizations in the U.S. issued action alerts around the Haiti Debt Cancellation Resolution, and a Congressional letter to the U.S. Treasury,[7] including Jubilee USA, the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti and Pax Christi USA.
Debt cancellation[edit]
Haiti had a total external debt of $1.8 billion at its peak.[when?][8][9][dubious – discuss] Between 2006 and 2009, Haiti was added to the World Bank and IMF's highly indebted poor country initiative (HIPC).[10] In September 2009, following a program of economic and social reforms, Haiti met the requirements for completion of the HIPC program, qualifying it for cancellation of its external debt obligations. This cut the face value of the debt by $757 million[11] and future debt service (including interest) by $1.2 billion.[12]
Haiti's largest creditor, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), was part of the debt relief initiative, but the initiative only canceled loans made before 2005, and the IDB has lent more since. Haiti's debt to the IDB amounts to approximately half a billion dollars with debt service payments projected by the IMF to increase in the following years. The U.S. government has been paying this debt service on Haiti's behalf since before the quake.[13]
With the devastating effects of the early 2010 earthquake in Haiti there came renewed calls for a further debt cancellation from civil society groups. In light of the tragedy and new borrowing that lifted Haiti's debts back to $1.25 billion, groups such as the Jubilee Debt Campaign called for this debt to be dropped. Furthermore, during the aftermath emergency money was offered to the Haitian government from the IMF in the form of loans. Civil society groups protested the offer of loans and not grants for such an already heavily indebted country trying to cope with such destruction. Some have argued, however, that because Haiti's annual debt service payments are so low ($9 million a year, net of the debt service paid on Haiti's behalf by the U.S. government), canceling the debt would do little to help the country recover from the earthquake, and should not be a priority for activism.[11]
Agence France Press reported on 26 January 2010 that President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela said that Petrocaribe, Venezuela's cut-rate regional energy alliance, will forgive Haiti's debt. Haiti's debt with Venezuela is $295 million, about one-quarter of its foreign debt of $1.25 billion, according to International Monetary Fund figures.[12]
On 28 May 2010, the World Bank announced it had waived Haiti's remaining debts to the bank.[14] The value of the waiver was $36 million.[15]
See also[edit]
Debt of developing countries
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-11-12. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
Jump up ^ Sommers, Jeffrey. Race, Reality, and Realpolitik: U.S.-Haiti Relations in the Lead Up to the 1915 Occupation. 2015. ISBN 1498509142. Page 124.
Jump up ^ "HAITI: Independence Debt, Reparations for Slavery and Colonialism, and International Aid". "It took Haiti 122 years, until 1947, to pay off both the original ransom to France and the tens of millions more in interest payments borrowed from French banks to meet the deadlines."
Jump up ^ "Jubilee Debt Campaign UK". Jubilee Debt Campaign UK.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "C:\TEMP\WATERS~1.XML" (PDF). Ijdh.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Advocacy Our Work". Ijdh.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jubilee Debt Campaign UK : Country information : Haiti". Jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Haiti the land where children eat mud". The Times. London. 17 May 2009. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009.
Jump up ^ https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2016/12/31/Haiti-Enhanced-Initiative-for-Heavily-Indebted-Poor-Countries-Completion-Point-Document-23281
^ Jump up to: a b "For Haitians' Sake, Drop the "Drop the Debt"". Blogs.cgdev.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Haiti: Debt Statistics and IMF support - Background Note". Imf.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "IDB - Haiti and the IDB". Iadb.org. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "World Bank cancels Haiti's debt". AFP. 29 May 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
Jump up ^ Wroughton, Lesley (28 May 2010). "World Bank cancels remaining Haiti debt". Reuters. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
External links[edit]
Haiti: Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries—Completion Point Document
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