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Clear (Scientology)
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Clear (Scientology)
Description
A condition in which Scientologists say a person is free of the influence of unwanted emotions and memories of trauma
Early proponents
L. Ron Hubbard
Key texts
Hubbard's Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health (1950)
Subject
Religion
Clear in Dianetics and Scientology is one of the major states practitioners strive to reach on their way up the Bridge to Total Freedom. The state of Clear is reached when a person becomes free of the influence of engrams, unwanted emotions or painful traumas not readily available to the conscious mind. Scientologists believe that human beings accumulate anxieties, psychosomatic illnesses, and aberration due to receiving engrams throughout their lives, and that by applying Dianetics, every single person can reach the state of Clear.[1]
A Clear is defined by the Church of Scientology as person who no longer has a "reactive mind", and is therefore free from the reactive mind's negative effects. A Clear is said to be "at cause over" (that is, in control of) their "mental energy" (their thoughts), and able to think clearly even when faced with the very situations that in earlier times caused them difficulty. The next level of spiritual development is that of an Operating Thetan. A person who has not reached a state of Clear is called a "pre-clear."[2]
Dianetics states that a person's awareness is influenced by the stimulus-response nature of the reactive mind. Achieving the state of Clear means a person has overcome the reactive mind and is in complete control of their analytical mind. According to Hubbard: "A Clear is a being who no longer has his own reactive mind, and therefore suffers none of the ill effects the reactive mind can cause. The Clear has no engrams which, when restimulated, throw out the correctness of his computations by entering hidden and false data."[3] Sociologist Roy Wallis noted, “Being Clear meant being able to do all those things which one could currently not do, and to which one aspired so desperately.”[4] It is estimated that the cost of reaching the Clear state in Scientology is $128,000.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 The state of Clear
2 Steps after Clear
3 Early Clears
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
The state of Clear[edit]
In Dianetics, L. Ron Hubbard, founder of Scientology, states that becoming a Clear strengthens a person's native individuality and creativity, and that a Clear is free with his emotions. In The State Of Clear, a Clear is defined as "a being who no longer has his own reactive mind, and therefore suffers none of the ill effects the reactive mind can cause".[6] Hubbard states that merely knowing what the cognition is does not have the effect of realizing it for oneself:
Now, we've known for a long time that a thetan made up his own bank (reactive mind), but telling him so didn't get him over it. And we've just found out again that telling him so didn't get him over it, too. Even when he's almost Clear. We say, "Hey, you're mocking it up," and he'd say, "Hey, am I mocking it up? Yeah, I am mocking it up." And he'll go Clear — pshew! — and he goes off that bottom step that isn't there, you know? And he's got to go back on and finish it up the way he should. It's got to be his cognition.[7]
Hubbard described Clears as having "an awareness which can create energy at will, and can handle and control, erase or re-create an analytical or reactive mind". Hubbard claimed that Clears have complete memories and know why events in their lives have happened, which leaves them free to pursue their goals without hindrances (the "reactive mind") emanating from past experiences. Religious scholar Pat Cook compared being "Clear" to the concept of nirvana in Zen Buddhism: like nirvana in Buddhism, Clear is a state of being that is highly desired and respected in Scientology.[8]
The Clear state is said to be achieved through the Scientology practice of auditing. A person undergoing auditing is called a "pre-clear", often abbreviated to "PC", in Scientology terminology. The Church of Scientology claims that if all individuals in the world were “Clear”, the world would be “free of drugs, war, pollution, crime, mental illness and other ills.”[9]
Steps after Clear[edit]
After attaining the state of Clear, a person may go on to study the Operating Thetan levels, which are described in Scientology materials as states where the ability to operate outside the body via "exteriorization" becomes commonplace. Beyond that comes "Cleared Theta Clear," which Hubbard describes this way:
"A thetan who is completely rehabilitated and can do everything a thetan should do, such as move MEST [matter, energy, space, and time] and control others from a distance, or create his own universe; a person who is able to create his own universe or, living in the MEST universe is able to create illusions perceivable by others at will, to handle MEST universe objects without mechanical means and to have and feel no need of bodies or even the MEST universe to keep himself and his friends interested in existence".[10]
Early Clears[edit]
There are several conflicting accounts of who first attained the state of Clear, and under what circumstances. In August 1950, amidst the success of Dianetics, Hubbard held a demonstration in Los Angeles' Shrine Auditorium where he presented a young woman called Sonya Bianca (a pseudonym) to a large audience including many reporters and photographers as "the world's first Clear." However, despite Hubbard's claim that she had "full and perfect recall of every moment of her life", Bianca proved unable to answer questions from the audience testing her memory and analytical abilities, including the question of the color of Hubbard's tie. Hubbard explained Bianca's failure to display her promised powers of recall to the audience by saying that he had used the word "now" in calling her to the stage, and thus inadvertently froze her in "present time," which blocked her abilities.[11][12]
Later, in the late 1950s, Hubbard would claim that several people had reached the state of Clear by the time he presented Bianca as the world's first; these others, Hubbard said, he had successfully cleared in the late 1940s while working incognito in Hollywood posing as a swami.[13]
In 1966, Hubbard declared South African Scientologist John McMaster to be the first true Clear.[14][15] McMaster had joined Scientology around 1962, having experienced relief of chronic stomach pain after his first auditing session. He became a leading public spokesman for Scientology and later a member of the Sea Org. He left in November 1969, expressing continuing belief in the Scientology Tech, but disapproval of the way Scientology was managed.[12]
See also[edit]
Scientology portal
Going Clear (disambiguation)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Laurie. "Defectors Say Church of Scientology Hides Abuse", The New York Times, March 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bromley, David G. "Making Sense of Scientology", in James R. Lewis. Scientology. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 92.
Jump up ^ What is Scientology web site
Jump up ^ Urban, Hugh B. (2011). The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion. Princeton University Press. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
Jump up ^ How Much Does Scientology Cost?
Jump up ^ The State Of Clear: Catechism of Scientology official web site
Jump up ^ Saint Hill Special Briefing Course lecture # 434, 26 July 1966
Jump up ^ Cook, Pat (1971). "Scientology and Dianetics". The Journal of Education. 153 (4): 58–61. JSTOR 42773008.
Jump up ^ Newport, John P. (1998). The New Age Movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802844309.
Jump up ^ Hubbard, Scientology 8-8008, pg 114 (1st ed), pg. 151 (1990 ed.)
Jump up ^ Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-Faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Atack, Jon (1990). A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
Jump up ^ Hubbard, L. Ron (October 1958). The Story of Dianetics and Scientology, Lecture 18 (Speech). by 1947, I had achieved clearing.
Jump up ^ Levy, Alan (1968-11-15). "Scientology". Life.
Jump up ^ Michener, Wendy (1966-08-22). "Is This the Happiest Man in the World?". Maclean's.
Further reading[edit]
L. Ron Hubbard, Dianetics: The Modern Science Of Mental Health, 1950
L. Ron Hubbard, The Classification Chart and Auditing, Saint Hill Special Briefing Course lecture 434, 26 July 1966
L. Ron Hubbard, Dianetic Clear, HCO Bulletin 24 SeptemberRC 78 Issue III, Revised 18 Dec 88
Scientology FAQs: The state of Clear
EssentialDianetics.org: understanding the mind "The Clear"
New Era Dianetics: “The state of Clear”
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War for the Planet of the Apes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
War for the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Matt Reeves
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle (uncredited)
Starring
Andy Serkis
Woody Harrelson
Steve Zahn
Music by
Michael Giacchino[1]
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10) (SVA Theatre)[2]
July 14, 2017 (2017-07-14) (United States)
Running time
140 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$150 million[4]
Box office
$490.7 million[5]
War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American dystopian science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), it is the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series, Battle for the Planet of the Apes, but it is not a direct remake.
Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[6] The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the acting (particularly Serkis), visual effects, story, musical score and direction.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Influences
5 Soundtrack
5.1 Track listing
6 Release
6.1 Marketing
6.2 Home media
7 Reception
7.1 Box office
7.2 Critical response
7.3 Accolades
8 Possible fourth film
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Two years after the U.S. military was called to fight off an increasingly intelligent and dangerous tribe of apes, starting a devastating war between the two species, the apes' clan, led by the chimpanzee Caesar, are attacked in the woods by a rogue paramilitary faction known as Alpha-Omega, led by a mysterious Colonel. Alpha-Omega has in its service apes (called "donkeys") that had previously followed Koba, a vengeful, human-hating bonobo who led a failed coup against Caesar and started the war after leading a vengeful attack against human survivors in San Francisco.
During Alpha-Omega's attack, the human soldiers are met by heavy ape resistance. Four soldiers and a "donkey" gorilla named Red are captured by the apes. Caesar arrives and releases the human soldiers, telling them to deliver a message to the Colonel - that he killed Koba for starting the war and that he desires peace between the humans and apes. Caesar then orders that Red is to be imprisoned but Red escapes, injuring albino gorilla Winter.
Soon after, Caesar's son, Blue Eyes, and his lieutenant Rocket return from a journey to find a safe haven for the apes. They report that they have found a place across the desert that is perfect for the clan. Winter, still frightened from the soldiers' attack, wants to leave immediately, but Caesar does not think they are prepared to leave so soon. That night, a group of Alpha-Omega soldiers, led by the Colonel, infiltrates the apes' home behind a waterfall. The apes discover their presence and kill them all except the Colonel, whom Caesar encounters preparing to escape. Discovering that the Colonel has killed his wife Cornelia along with Blue Eyes, an enraged Caesar lunges at the Colonel but fails to prevent him from escaping out of the waterfall. Upon discovering that Winter has disappeared, Luca, a gorilla and Caesar's secondary lieutenant, believes that he has betrayed them out of cowardice.
Leaving his younger son Cornelius in the care of Blue Eyes' wife Lake, Caesar departs to exact revenge on the Colonel for the deaths of his wife and oldest son. He is accompanied by Maurice, an orangutan and Caesar's adviser, Luca, and Rocket. The other apes head for the desert. During their journey, the apes enter an abandoned village, encounter a soldier, and kill him. Caesar, Maurice, Luca, and Rocket search the dead soldier's home. Maurice discovers a girl who the soldier was looking after. She is apparently unable to speak. Maurice befriends and adopts the girl, giving her a small rag doll.
Caesar's party eventually sneak inside an Alpha-Omega camp on a beach and encounter Winter, who has volunteered to become a "donkey" for the soldiers in return for sparing his life. He tells Caesar's group that the Colonel has departed for a location called the "border", where soldiers further north will meet them. Winter tries to call out to the Alpha-Omega soldiers to save him, and Caesar and the others restrain him from making noise. In the struggle, Caesar accidentally smothers and kills Winter. Caesar begins to worry that he is becoming like Koba by killing his fellow apes and seeking revenge.
While following the soldiers to the border, the group discover some soldiers who have been shot and left for dead. Their examination of a soldier who survived reveals that he, like the girl, cannot speak. At the soldier's urging, Caesar kills him. Later, they encounter Bad Ape, a reclusive chimpanzee. Bad Ape reveals that the human soldiers are encamped at the border and hesitantly agrees to lead them there.
When the group arrives at the border, they see hundreds of apes held captive inside a former quarantine facility. While getting a closer look, Luca is killed protecting Caesar from an Alpha-Omega patrol, angering Caesar and causing him to proceed alone. Caesar discovers that the captured apes belong to his clan, and are being forced to build a wall with no food or water. After Caesar is captured by Red, the Colonel reveals to Caesar that the Simian Flu virus has mutated and now causes humans who survived the original strain to become mute, which he believes is a sign of devolution to a primitive state. Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off remnants of the U.S. Army from the north who are coming to execute him because he favors massacring any infected humans, including his own son, to stop the spread of the virus. Caesar is commended by the Colonel for his intelligence, and the Colonel explains that he is fighting a "holy war" for humanity's survival.
While Caesar is tortured with starvation, the mute girl, whom Maurice names Nova, sneaks into the facility to give Caesar food, water, and her rag doll (originally given to her by Maurice). To prevent Nova from being discovered, Rocket allows himself to be captured as a diversion. The next day, the Colonel comes to see if Caesar is still alive, and confiscates Nova's doll upon discovering it. Together, Caesar and Rocket are able to work out a means of escape via an underground tunnel that leads out of the facility. Maurice and Bad Ape use the tunnel to rescue the apes, and Caesar orders the others to escape while he goes to confront the Colonel as the facility comes under attack by the northern army. Caesar reaches the Colonel and prepares to kill him, but discovers that Nova's doll has infected him with the mutated virus, rendering him unable to speak. Caesar spares the Colonel and watches as he uses his pistol to commit suicide.
During the battle between Alpha-Omega and the northern army, the escaping apes come under fire from Alpha-Omega. Red watches the apes struggle to escape and being picked off by the humans, and seems to be disturbed by watching his own kind suffer such a fate. Caesar attempts to attack the Alpha-Omega forces from behind, but is shot with a crossbow by Preacher, one of the Alpha-Omega soldiers he had previously set free. In an act of redemption, Red saves Caesar's life by killing Preacher with a grenade launcher, and gets shot by an Alpha-Omega superior as a result. In the chaos, Caesar blows up a large fuel tank, causing a cascade of explosions which destroys the Alpha-Omega facility, allowing the northern army to win the battle. However, the army is subsequently devastated by an avalanche, which Caesar and the other apes, carrying Nova, survive by climbing nearby trees.
The remaining apes depart the facility and cross the desert to find an oasis. While the other apes joyously celebrate their new home, Maurice discovers Caesar's wound. Maurice then speaks, telling the dying Caesar that Cornelius will know who his father was, what he stood for and what he did to protect the apes. Caesar then slowly and silently succumbs to his wounds, dying peacefully while Maurice mourns his passing as the other apes look on.
Cast[edit]
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, an intelligent common chimpanzee who is leader to a tribe of genetically enhanced apes.[7]
Steve Zahn as "Bad Ape", a common chimpanzee who lived in a zoo before the Simian Flu outbreak, and was a hermit before joining Caesar's group.[8][9]
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan who is Caesar's adviser.[7]
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee who is Caesar's brother-figure.[10]
Ty Olsson as Red, a Western lowland gorilla who was once a follower of Koba, now serving the Colonel to defeat Caesar. Olsson previously played Chief Hamill in Rise.[11]
Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe.[12]
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a bonobo who had previously waged war against the humans in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, now appears in Caesar's hallucinations.
Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesar's wife.[7]
Sara Canning as Lake, a common chimpanzee in Caesar's tribe, who is also Blue Eyes' mate and later Cornelius's caretaker.[13]
Max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelia's oldest son.[14]
Devyn Dalton as Cornelius, Caesar and Cornelia's youngest son, and Blue Eyes' younger brother. Dalton previously played Cornelia in Rise.
Aleks Paunovic as Winter, an albino Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe who sided with the Colonel out of fear.[15]
Humans[edit]
Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, the leader of the paramilitary organization Alpha-Omega, who is obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to preserve humans as the dominant species.[16][17]
Amiah Miller as Nova, a mute orphan whom Maurice befriends and cares for.[18][19]
Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier working under the Colonel in Alpha-Omega.[20]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Matt Reeves, Andy Serkis and Dylan Clark at New York Comic-Con 2016 for the War for the Planet of the Apes panel
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers.[21][22] During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. "...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where we left 'Dawn.'"[23] In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[24] By October 2015, it had been retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[8]
When director Reeves and screenwriter Bomback came on board to helm Dawn, the film already had a release date, which led to an accelerated production schedule. However, with the third installment, Fox wanted to give the duo plenty of time to write and make the film. Taking advantage of this, the two bonded with each other more than before.[25]
In interviews for Dawn, Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans: "As this story continues, we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn. That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with. Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never, ever wanted to deal with, and was hoping he could avoid. And now he is right in the middle of it. The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways, in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply. It’s going to be an epic story. I think you’ve probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary. The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times. This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history, and sort of leads to an almost biblical status. He is going to become like a mythic ape figure, like Moses."[26]
Toby Kebbell, who portrayed Koba in Dawn, had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters.[27] Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early, with Bomback saying, "If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, you hear Koba’s breathing. We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to. Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba – certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that didn’t get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."[28]
Casting[edit]
In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film.[29] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting.[16] In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film.[8] It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice,[7][18] while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes.[15][13]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title Hidden Fortress.[30][31] Filming was expected to take place there until early March 2016.[32] Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February.[33] In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions.[34]
Visual effects[edit]
As with Rise and Dawn, the visual effects for War were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI.
Influences[edit]
At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, "One of the first things that Mark and I did because we had just finished Dawn was that we decided to watch a million movies. We decided to do what people fantasize what Hollywood screenwriters get to do but no one actually does. We got Fox to give us a theater and we watched movie after movie. We watched every Planet of the Apes movie, war movies, westerns, Empire Strikes Back... We just thought, 'We have to pretend we have all the time in the world,' even though we had limited time. We got really inspired."[35]
Additionally, during production, Reeves and Bomback sought broader inspirations from films like Bridge on the River Kwai and The Great Escape. Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like Ben-Hur and The Ten Commandments. The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in Bridge on the River Kwai. Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in The Outlaw Josey Wales.[25] Influences from the film Apocalypse Now, notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists.[36][37][38] Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration.[39]
Soundtrack[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
July 7, 2017 (Digital)
July 21, 2017 (Physical)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Film score
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Spider-Man: Homecoming
(2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming2017 War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017) Coco
(2017)Coco2017
On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for Dawn, would return to compose War's score.[1] The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017,[40] and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on July 21, 2017.[41]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Michael Giacchino.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Apes’ Past is Prologue" 10:53
2. "Assault of the Earth" 5:29
3. "Exodus Wounds" 4:23
4. "The Posse Polonaise" 1:39
5. "The Bad Ape Bagatelle" 1:13
6. "Don’t Luca Now" 3:53
7. "Koba Dependent" 2:54
8. "The Ecstasy of the Bold" 1:57
9. "Apes Together Strong" 7:12
10. "A Tide in the Affairs of Apes" 5:31
11. "Planet of the Escapes" 2:42
12. "The Hating Game" 2:04
13. "A Man Named Suicide" 5:32
14. "More Red Than Alive" 2:41
15. "Migration" 2:03
16. "Paradise Found" 5:35
17. "End Credits" 9:30
Total length: 75:11
Release[edit]
The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017.[42][6]
Marketing[edit]
Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis.[43] The footage aired during The Walking Dead on AMC.[44][45] The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape.[46] The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the same day.[47]
At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film.[48]
Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture.[49] Titled Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, the game is set for release for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017.[50]
Home media[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[51]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes grossed $146.9 million in the United States and Canada and $343.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $490.7 million, against a production budget of $150 million.[5]
In North America, the film was projected to gross $50–60 million in its opening weekend,[52] however, given its acclaimed status and strong word-of-mouth, rival studios believed the film had the potential to debut as high as $70–80 million.[4][53][54] War was closely monitored by analysts while the summer was witnessing a decline in ticket sales, a situation that they blamed on franchise fatigue for an overabundance of sequels and reboots (such as Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Transformers: The Last Knight and The Mummy). However, box office analysts noted that well-reviewed films have tended to perform in-line with estimates (Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming).[55][56][57] The film grossed $5 million from Thursday night previews at 3,021 theaters, up 22% from the $4.1 million earned by its predecessor, and $22.1 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $56.3 million, topping the box office, albeit with a 22% drop from Dawn's $72.6 million debut.[58][59] In its second weekend, the film grossed $20.9 million (a drop of 62.9%, more than the 50.4% fall Dawn saw), finishing 4th at the box office.[60] In its third weekend, the film made $10.5 million (dropping another 49.9%), finishing 6th at the box office. It was lower than the third weeks of both Rise ($16.1 million) and Dawn ($16.8 million).[61]
Outside North America, War for the Planet of the Apes received a scattered release in a span of three months (July–September). The film began its release in about a third of the marketplace on July 14, albeit only in two major markets, and was projected to have an opening of $50–60 million, with the potential to go higher if smaller Asian markets over-perform, as they have for recent tent poles.[4] The film ended up having an international debut of $44.2 million, including $9.27 million in the United Kingdom.[62]
Critical response[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim for the performances of its cast (particularly Serkis), direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography and morally complex storyline.[63] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93%, based on 280 reviews, with a rating average of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War for the Planet of the Apes combines breathtaking special effects and a powerful, poignant narrative to conclude this rebooted trilogy on a powerful – and truly blockbuster – note."[64] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[65] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its two immediate predecessors.[58] Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.5 out of 10, saying: "War for the Planet of the Apes is an excellent closing act to this rebooted trilogy, but also one that does enough world-building that the series can potentially continue from here – and it’s a rare case where, after three movies, we’re left wanting more."[66]
A.O. Scott of The New York Times said of the film, "“War for the Planet of the Apes,” directed by Matt Reeves, is the grimmest episode so far, and also the strongest, a superb example — rare in this era of sloppily constructed, commercially hedged cinematic universes — of clear thinking wedded to inventive technique in popular filmmaking," and lauded Andy Serkis's performance in the film, stating that "Andy Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."[67] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed "with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold," and went on to say that "War for the Planet of the Apes – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original.[68] Eric Kohn of Indiewire gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying "It’s a given that an expensive 21st century sci-fi movie with talking animals, exploding tanks, and jarring machine guns would look and sound great, but Reeves applies these effects with such a measured strategy that they’re always working in service of a greater narrative agenda." Kohn went on to applaud the visuals, cinematography, and musical score, stating that "The breathlessly paced montage of flying bullets and angry monkeys raining down on terrified men, aided by Michael Giacchino’s vibrant score, is a strong indicator of the next-level craftsmanship that distinguishes these movies from so many cacophonous Hollywood spectacles; not only is the action easy to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear."[69]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Golden Trailer Awards June 6, 2017 Best Motion/Title Graphics War for the Planet of the Apes: 20th Century Fox, Wild Card Nominated [70][71]
Best Summer 2017 Blockbuster TV Spot
Hollywood Film Awards November 5, 2017 Hollywood Visual Effects Award Dan Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Erik Winquist Won [72][73]
Hollywood Post Alliance November 16, 2017 Outstanding Visual Effects - Feature Film Dan Barrett, Anders Langlands, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, Luke Millar, Erik Winquist, and Weta Digital Won [74][75]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 8, 2017 Best Motion Capture Performance Andy Serkis Won [76]
Best Motion Capture Performance Steve Zahn Nominated
San Francisco Film Critics Circle December 10, 2017 Best Actor Andy Serkis Won [77][78]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association December 12, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [79]
Seattle Film Critics Society December 18, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [80][81]
Best Visual Effects Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Dan Barrett, and Joel Whist Won
Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society January 3, 2018 Best Animated / Visual Effect Performance Andy Serkis Pending [82][83]
Best Score Michael Giacchino
Best Action / War War for the Planet of the Apes
Best Blockbuster
Best Visual Effects
Houston Film Critics Society January 6, 2018 Best Actor Andy Serkis Pending [84]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino
Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Action Movie War for the Planet of the Apes Pending [85]
Best Visual Effects
Screen Actors Guild Awards January 21, 2018 Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture War for the Planet of the Apes Pending [86][87]
Annie Awards February 3, 2018 Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Live Action Production Daniel Barrett, Sidney Kombo-Kintombo, Emile Ghorayeb, Luisma Lavin Peredo, and Alessandro Bonora Pending [88]
Satellite Awards February 10, 2018 Best Film Editing William Hoy Pending [89]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino
Best Sound War for the Planet of the Apes
Best Visual Effects
Possible fourth film[edit]
In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth Planet of the Apes film was being discussed.[90][91]
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External links[edit]
Official website
War for the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
War for the Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Planet of the Apes
Films
Original series
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Television
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975)
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998)
Video games
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Revenge of the Apes (2003)
Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)
Other
La Planète des Singes
Characters
Comics
Star Trek/Planet of the Apes: The Primate Directive
Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes
Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Matt Reeves
The Pallbearer (1996)
Cloverfield (2008)
Let Me In (2010)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Films by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver
Written and produced
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
Written
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992, Silver only)
Eye for an Eye (1996)
The Relic (1997)
Jurassic World (2015)
In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
Avatar 3 (2021)
Produced
Love Shack (2010)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
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Check (chess)
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Black's king is in check by White's rook.
A check is a condition in chess, shogi, and xiangqi that occurs when a player's king (or general in xiangqi) is under threat of capture on their opponent's next turn. A king so threatened is said to be in check. A player must get out of check, if possible, by interposing a piece between the threatening piece and the king, capturing the threatening piece, or moving the king to a square where it is no longer in check. If the player cannot move out of check, the game ends in checkmate and the player loses. Players cannot make any move that puts their own king in check.
Contents
[hide]
1 Introduction
2 Getting out of check
3 Types of checks
4 Announcing check and notation
4.1 Historical
5 Checking in tactics and strategy
6 History
7 See also
8 References

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
Introduction[edit]
A check is the result of a move that places the opposing king under an immediate threat of capture by at least one of the player's pieces. Making a move that checks is sometimes called "giving check". If the king is in check and the checked player has no legal move to get out of check, the king is checkmated and the player loses.
Under the standard rules of chess, a player may not make any move that places or leaves their king in check. A player may move the king, capture the threatening piece, or block the check with another piece.[1] A king cannot itself directly check the opposing king, since this would place the first king in check as well. A move of the king could expose the opposing king to a discovered check by another piece, however.
In informal games, it is customary to announce "check" when making a move that puts the opponent's king in check. In formal competitions, however, check is rarely announced.[2]
In some variations of chess, such as Losing chess, a player can move into check. In fast chess, a player is permitted to leave their king in check, which results in them losing the game.
Getting out of check[edit]
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White is in check. The king can get out of check by three methods.
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White is in checkmate. The king cannot escape anywhere and White has lost the game.
There may be up to three possible ways to get a king out of a single check on the following move:
Capturing the checking piece, with either the king or another piece. If the checking piece is on a square next to the king, the king can capture the piece if the king does not move into a new check (i.e. if the piece is not protected by another enemy piece). Likewise, a piece that is pinned to the king cannot capture the checking piece if such a move would place the king in check from the pinning piece.
Moving the king to an adjacent square where it is not in check. The king is not allowed to castle when it is in check. The king may capture an enemy piece in a move to get out of check, as long as the piece is not protected.
Blocking the check. This only works if the checking piece is a queen, rook, or bishop and there is at least one empty square in the line between the checking piece and the checked king. Blocking a check is done by moving a piece to one such empty square. (The blocking piece is then pinned to the king by the attacking piece.)[3]
In the position in the first diagram, White can get out of check by three methods:
Capturing the attacking piece by the move Nxa2.
Moving the king to any unattacked square (marked with "x"); namely, Kd6, Ke5, or Ke7.
Blocking the check by the move Rc4 or Nd5.
If a king is placed in double check, the king must get out of both checks on the following move. Since it is impossible to capture both checking pieces or block both lines of attack in a single move, a double check can be escaped only by moving the king out of check.
If none of these possibilities can get the king out of check, then it is checkmated and the game is lost by the checkmated player.
Types of checks[edit]
A simple and very common type of check is when a piece moves to directly attack the opposing king only by itself. Sometimes such a check is part of a chess tactic such as a fork, a skewer, or a discovered attack on another piece. In some cases, a check can be used to defend against such tactics.
There are also a few more special types of check:
Discovered check. A discovered check is similar to any other type of discovered attack except that it is a discovered attack on the opposing king. In a discovered check, a piece moves out of the line of attack by another piece so that this other piece (which can be a queen, rook, or bishop) is then checking the opponent's king. The piece that actually moved in the discovered check move could possibly be any type of piece belonging to the same player as the checking piece except queen or the same type of piece administering the check. A discovered check could be a tactic in itself because the piece that moved could attack or otherwise create a threat to another piece on the checked king's side. The opponent has to get out of the discovered check on the following move and may not get a chance to thwart the attack by the other piece that moved.
Double check. A double check is a check from two pieces to the opponent's king in a single move. This happens when a moved piece attacks the king, resulting in a second piece giving check by discovered check. It can also happen, though very rarely, when an en passant capture opens two lines of attack simultaneously. In algebraic chess notation, a double check move is sometimes noted with a "++" after the written move in place of the usual "+", although "++" has been used to indicate checkmate (along with "#").[4] A double check cannot be blocked, nor can it be met by capturing one of the checking pieces (unless the king itself makes the capture), because there is check from two directions.
Cross-check. When a check is answered by a check, particularly when this second check is delivered by a piece blocking the first, it is called a cross-check. In fact, a "cross-checkmate" is also possible in that way (that is, to answer a check with a checkmate) but since no such term exists, it would be called cross-check as well. Cross-checks are rather rare but are a popular theme in chess problems.
Announcing check and notation[edit]
In friendly games, the checking player customarily says "check" when making a checking move. Announcing "check" is not required under the rules of chess and it is usually not done in formal games. Until the early 20th century a player was expected to announce "check", and some sources of rules even required it (Hooper & Whyld 1992:74).
In algebraic chess notation, a checking move is recorded like any other move, except that a "+" is normally written after the move.
In the FIDE rules for rapid chess, if a player leaves their king in check or commits any other illegal move their opponent can claim a win.[5]
Historical[edit]
Less commonly (and obsolete), the warning garde can be said when a player directly attacks the opponent's queen in a similar way. This was mostly abandoned in the 19th century (Hooper & Whyld 1992:74). The same move can be both check and garde simultaneously. Before the queen acquired its current move (about 1495) the rook was the most powerful piece. At that time the term check-rook was used for a move that checked the king and attacked a rook at the same time (Hooper & Whyld 1992:75).
Checking in tactics and strategy[edit]
Sometimes checking an opponent provides no benefit to the checking player. This is called a "useless check" and it may even provide the checked opponent with a tempo (move opportunity) to move the king into a safer position (Hooper & Whyld 1992:437). For example, 1.e4 e6 2.d4 Bb4+? does nothing for Black and in fact causes him to lose a tempo after 3.c3! A check given with the sole intention of delaying an inevitable defeat by one move is referred to as a "spite check", and may be considered somewhat unsporting (Eade 2005:65).
There are many instances, however, when checking the opponent's king may be a useful tactic or part of a tactic, either in attacking or in defense. Checking is often used in combinations with many other tactics or simply to force an opponent into a position where the opposing king can be checkmated, otherwise taken advantage of, or is otherwise worse for the opponent. Some attacks involve numerous checks to force an opponent into a losing position, especially when the king is exposed. An unexpected check in a forced combination or an overlooked cross-check in a planned series of checks may serve as sort of a zwischenzug, foiling the plan.
Some uses of checking:
Repetitive checking to prevent losing a game going poorly (i.e. to draw the game by perpetual check).
Royal fork (knight fork of king and queen) or other forks involving the king.
Checks to force an exchange.
A double check could be especially bad for the opponent since there are likely to be fewer options to get out of check. A double check is often more likely to lead to checkmate or loss of material.
A check might force a king to move so that it cannot castle later.
Moving a piece to give check can sometimes open a line of attack on another piece. The opponent must escape the check, and therefore cannot (in general) prevent the other piece from being captured (discovered attack).
Similarly, the piece moved to create a discovered check may attack another enemy piece, leading to the same scenario.
The king may also, by being forced to move out of check, enable the checking piece to capture another piece (an absolute skewer).
A check might force some piece to block it and therefore pose an absolute pin on that piece.
A check might deflect the king from protecting some other piece (particularly in an endgame, to capture opponent's pawns).
A check could sometimes be used to foil an opponent's trap which would otherwise lead to loss of material. For example, if an opponent forks two of a player's pieces, the attacked player may be able to move one of the forked pieces to check the opponent's king requiring the opponent to save it on his/her next move, thus allowing the player to then move the other forked piece to also save it from attack.
History[edit]
In early Sanskrit chess (c. 500–700) the king could be captured and this ended the game. The Persians (c. 700–800) introduced the idea of warning that the king was under attack (announcing check in modern terminology). This was done to avoid the early and accidental end of a game. Later the Persians added the additional rule that a king could not be moved into check or left in check. As a result, the king could not be captured (Davidson 1949:22).
In this usage, the words "check" and "chess" come via Arabic from Persian shāh, meaning "king"[6] or "monarch" (Murray 2012:159).
See also[edit]
Checkmate
Rules of chess
Atari in Game of Go
References[edit]
Jump up ^ (Just & Burg 2003:27), (Polgar & Truong 2005:32,103), (Burgess 2009:550)
Jump up ^ (Just & Burg 2003:28)
Jump up ^ (Polgar & Truong 2005:32,103)
Jump up ^ FIDE Laws of chess
Jump up ^ http://www.fide.com/component/handbook/?id=171&view=article (accessed 22 March 2015)
Jump up ^ "The King Is not Dead After All! The Real Meaning of Shah Mat or the Lesson of the Commode" Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Jan Newton, GoddessChess.com, September 2003
Bibliography
Davidson, Henry (1949), A Short History of Chess, McKay, ISBN 0-679-14550-8 (1981 paperback)
Eade, James (2005), Chess for Dummies (2nd ed.), Cardoza, ISBN 978-0-7645-8404-6
Golombek, Harry (1977), Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess, Crown Publishing, ISBN 0-517-53146-1
Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-866164-9
Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel B. (2003), U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess (5th ed.), McKay, ISBN 0-8129-3559-4
Murray, H. J. R. (2012) [1913], A History of Chess, Skyhorse, ISBN 978-1-62087-062-4
Polgar, Susan; Truong, Paul (2005), A World Champion's Guide to Chess, Random House, ISBN 978-0-8129-3653-7
Schiller, Eric (2003), Official Rules of Chess (2nd ed.), Cardoza, ISBN 978-1-58042-092-1
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Outnumbered (U.S. TV program)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the American TV program. For the British TV series, see Outnumbered (UK TV series). For the computer learning program, see OutNumbered!
Outnumbered
Genre
Talk show
News program
Presented by
Regular:
Harris Faulkner
Sandra Smith
Semi-regular:
Kennedy
Marie Harf
Trish Regan
Lisa Marie Boothe
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Location(s)
New York City
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
42 minutes
Release
Original network
Fox News Channel
Picture format
480i (16:9 letterbox SDTV)
720p (HDTV)
Original release
April 28, 2014 – present
External links
Website
www.foxnews.com/on-air/outnumbered/index.html
Outnumbered (sometimes stylized as Out#) is an American daytime news and talk show that airs on Fox News Channel. The series features four female panelists along with one guest male panelist (dubbed the "one lucky guy" – hence being "outnumbered") discussing the issues of the day.[1] The program premiered on April 28, 2014.[2]
The program is aired weekdays from noon to 1:00 p.m. ET. An extended hour of the show, titled Outnumbered Overtime with Harris Faulkner, began airing weekdays at 1:00 p.m. on October 2, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Current Co-Hosts
1.1 Regular
1.2 Semi-regular
2 Former Co-Hosts
3 References
4 External links
Current Co-Hosts[edit]
Regular[edit]
Harris Faulkner – The Emmy award winning journalist has been a full-time co-host since the show's inception in 2014. Before Outnumbered, Faulkner covered breaking news in the 11am-1pm timeslot. She used to regularly fill-in for Shepard Smith on the Fox Report weekdays.
Sandra Smith – a full-time co-host since the show's inception in 2014. Formerly, she was a reporter for Fox Business Network. Before joining Fox Business in 2007, she worked at Bloomberg TV.[3]
Semi-regular[edit]
The following personalities usually appear at least once or twice per week, mixing and matching in the third and fourth panelist spots, and also fill in for the regular hosts:
Lisa Kennedy Montgomery (known primarily as simply Kennedy) – former MTV VJ, and current FNC pop culture commentator/Fox Business Network host
Marie Harf – former Obama administration State Department spokeswoman and current Fox News contributor/analyst
Trish Regan – veteran business reporter and current Fox Business Network host
Lisa Marie Boothe – conservative political strategist, Washington Examiner columnist, Fox News contributor[4]
Former Co-Hosts[edit]
Andrea Tantaros – a full-time co-host from early 2015 through April 2016. She says that she was forced off the show because of repeated complaints about sexual harassment by former Fox News head Roger Ailes, while Fox News lawyers say that she was suspended because they weren't given a chance to vet her book that was published on April 26, 2016.[5]
Stacey Dash – a prominent semi-regular host early in the program's history, but was seen less frequently as time progressed, and eventually left Fox News after her contract lapsed.
Julie Roginsky – former semi-regular host and Fox News contributor, Roginsky filed a lawsuit against the network in 2017. Like Tantaros, she alleged sexual harassment by Roger Ailes.[6]
Meghan McCain – a former full-time co-host from November of 2016[7] to September 2017. McCain took the seat vacated by Andrea Tantaros seven months earlier. She was a semi-regular host since she was hired by Fox News in July of 2015.[8] McCain is the daughter of U.S. Senator John McCain. McCain took a break from the show following her father's cancer diagnosis, and then left the network.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (April 16, 2014). "Fox News to Launch 'Outnumbered,' a Noontime Panel Show, April 28". Variety. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fox News announces new daytime show 'Outnumbered'". Fox News. April 16, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "http://www.foxnews.com/shows/outnumbered.html"
Jump up ^ Lisa Boothe - Hig Noon Strategies.com
Jump up ^ Tesfaye, Sophia (August 8, 2016). "Former Fox News host Andrea Tantaros: I was booted off air after complaining of Roger Ailes' sexual harassment". salon.com. Salon. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/roger-ailes-scandal-embattled-fox-news-hit-another-sex-harassment-n742066"
Jump up ^ "http://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2016/11/14/meghan-mccain-joins-fox-news-outnumbered-permanent-co-host/"
Jump up ^ "http://www.mediaite.com/tv/fox-news-hires-meghan-mccain-for-some-reason/"
External links[edit]
Outnumbered on IMDb
Preceded by
Happening Now Outnumbered
12:00 PM ET – 1:00 PM ET Succeeded by
Outnumbered Overtime with Harris Faulkner
[hide]
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t
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Fox News programming
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Fox & Friends First
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America's Newsroom
Happening Now
Outnumbered
Outnumbered Overtime with Harris Faulkner
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Shepard Smith Reporting
Your World with Neil Cavuto
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Weekend
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Former
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Huckabee
A Healthy You & Carol Alt
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On the Record
The Kelly File
Red Eye
The O'Reilly Factor
Fox News Specialists
Fox News Tonight

This article about a television show originating in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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