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Lon Chaney
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For his son, see Lon Chaney Jr.
"Man of a Thousand Faces" redirects here. For the 1957 film, see Man of a Thousand Faces (film). For the 2009 song by Regina Spektor, see Far (album).
Lon Chaney
Chaney during the production of The Miracle Man, 1919
Born
Leonidas Frank Chaney
(1883-04-01)April 1, 1883
Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.
Died
August 26, 1930(1930-08-26) (aged 47)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Cause of death
Throat hemorrhage
Resting place
Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale, Los Angeles County, California
Other names
Lon Chaney Sr., The Man of a Thousand Faces
Occupation
Actor, make-up artist, director, screenwriter
Years active
1902–1930
Spouse(s)
Cleva Creighton (m. 1905; div. 1913)
Hazel Hastings (m. 1915–1930) (his death)
Children
Lon Chaney Jr. (born as, Creighton Tull Chaney)
Website
lonchaney.com
Lon Chaney in 1925, during the filming of The Phantom of the Opera, showing his famous makeup case that he used to transform himself into "The Man of a Thousand Faces"
Leonidas Frank "Lon" Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American stage and film actor, make-up artist, director and screenwriter. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his groundbreaking artistry with makeup.[1] Chaney was known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces".
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Death
4 Legacy
5 Honors
6 Filmography
6.1 Short subjects
6.2 Feature films
7 The Man of a Thousand Faces
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 Bibliography
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Leonidas Frank Chaney was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to Frank H. Chaney and Emma Alice Kennedy. His father was of English and French ancestry, and his mother was of Scottish, English, and Irish descent. Chaney's maternal grandfather, Jonathan Ralston Kennedy, founded the "Colorado School for the Education of Mutes" (now, Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind) in 1874, and Chaney's parents met there.[2] His great-grandfather was congressman John Chaney. Both of Chaney's parents were deaf, and as a child of deaf adults Chaney became skilled in pantomime. He entered a stage career in 1902, and began traveling with popular Vaudeville and theater acts. In 1905, Chaney, then 22, met and married 16-year-old singer Cleva Creighton (Frances Cleveland Creighton) and in 1906, their only child, a son, Creighton Tull Chaney (later known as Lon Chaney Jr.) was born. The Chaneys continued touring, settling in California in 1910.
1923 Lon Chaney portrait
Ethel Grey Terry and Lon Chaney in The Penalty (1920)
Marital troubles developed and on April 30, 1913, Cleva went to the Majestic Theater in downtown Los Angeles, where Lon was managing the "Kolb and Dill" show, and attempted suicide by swallowing mercuric chloride.[3] The suicide attempt failed but it ruined her singing career as a result; the ensuing scandal and divorce forced Chaney out of the theater and into film.
The time spent there is not clearly known, but between the years 1912 and 1917, Chaney worked under contract for Universal Studios doing bit or character parts. His skill with makeup gained him many parts in the highly competitive casting atmosphere. During this time, Chaney befriended the husband-wife director team of Joe De Grasse and Ida May Park, who gave him substantial roles in their pictures, and further encouraged him to play macabre characters.
Chaney married one of his former colleagues in the Kolb and Dill company tour, a chorus girl named Hazel Hastings. Little is known of Hazel, except that her marriage to Chaney was solid. Upon marrying, the new couple gained custody of Chaney's 10-year-old son Creighton, who had resided in various homes and boarding schools since Chaney's divorce from Cleva in 1913.[4]
Career[edit]
As a Chinese immigrant in Shadows (1922)
By 1917 Chaney was a prominent actor in the studio, but his salary did not reflect this status. When Chaney asked for a raise, studio executive William Sistrom replied, "You'll never be worth more than one hundred dollars a week." After leaving the studio, Chaney struggled for the first year as a character actor. It was not until 1918 when playing a substantial role in William S. Hart's picture Riddle Gawne that Chaney's talents as a character actor were truly recognized by the industry.
In 1917 Universal presented Chaney, Dorothy Phillips, and William Stowell as a team in The Piper's Price. In succeeding films, the men alternated playing lover, villain, or other man to the beautiful Phillips. They would occasionally be joined by Claire DuBrey nearly making the trio a quartet of recurring actors from film to film. So successful were the films starring this group that Universal produced fourteen films from 1917 to 1919 with Chaney, Stowell, and Phillips. The films were usually directed by Joe De Grasse or his wife Ida May Park, both friends of Chaney's at Universal. When Chaney was away branching out on films such as Riddle Gawne and The Kaiser, Beast of Berlin, Stowell and Phillips would continue on as a duo until Chaney's return. Stowell and Phillips made The Heart of Humanity (1918), bringing in Erich von Stroheim for a part as the villain that could easily have been played by Chaney. Paid in Advance (1919) was the group's last film together, for the chiseled featured Stowell was sent to Africa by Universal to scout locations for a movie. En route from one city to another, Stowell was in the caboose when it was hit by the locomotive from another train; he was killed instantly. The majority of these films are lost but a few, including Triumph and Paid in Advance survive in private collections or unrestored in European or Russian archives.[5][Note 1]
In 1919, Chaney had a breakthrough performance as "The Frog" in George Loane Tucker's The Miracle Man. The film displayed not only Chaney's acting ability, but also his talent as a master of makeup. Critical praise and a gross of over $2 million put Chaney on the map as America's foremost character actor.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923)
Chaney exhibited great adaptability with makeup in more conventional crime and adventure films, such as The Penalty (1920), in which he played a gangster with both legs amputated. Chaney appeared in 10 films directed by Tod Browning, often portraying disguised and/or mutilated characters, including carnival knife-thrower Alonzo the Armless in The Unknown (1927) opposite Joan Crawford. In 1927, Chaney also co-starred with Conrad Nagel, Marceline Day, Henry B. Walthall and Polly Moran in the Tod Browning horror film London After Midnight, considered one of the most legendary and sought after lost films.[7] His final film role was a sound remake of his silent classic The Unholy Three (1930), his only "talkie" and the only film in which Chaney utilized his powerful and versatile voice. Chaney signed a sworn statement declaring that five of the key voices in the film (the ventriloquist, the old woman, a parrot, the dummy and the girl) were his own.[8]
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Makeup in the early days of cinema was almost non-existent with the exception of beards and moustaches to denote villains.[9] Most of what the Hollywood studios knew about film stemmed from their experience with theater make-up, but this did not always transfer well to the big screen, especially as the film quality increased over time. It is also worth noting that make-up departments were not yet in place during Chaney's time. Prior to the mid-20s, actors were expected to do their own make-up.[9] In absence of specialized make-up artist professions, Chaney's make-up artistry skills gave him a competitive advantage over other actors. He was the complete package. Casting crews knew that they could place him in virtually any part and he would thrive. He was a man of many make-ups. In fact, in some films this allowed him to play dual roles. An extreme case of this was the film Outside the Law (1920), where he played a character that shot and killed another character, which he also was playing.[9]
As Quasimodo, the bell ringer of Notre Dame Cathedral, and Erik, the "phantom" of the Paris Opera House, Chaney created two of the most grotesquely deformed characters in film history.[10][11] However, the portrayals sought to elicit a degree of sympathy and pathos among viewers not overwhelmingly terrified or repulsed by the monstrous disfigurements of these victims of fate.
In a 1925 autobiographical article for Movie magazine, Chaney wrote, "I wanted to remind people that the lowest types of humanity may have within them the capacity for supreme self-sacrifice. The dwarfed, misshapen beggar of the streets may have the noblest ideals. Most of my roles since The Hunchback, such as The Phantom of the Opera, He Who Gets Slapped, The Unholy Three, etc., have carried the theme of self-sacrifice or renunciation. These are the stories which I wish to do." Chaney referred to his expertise in both make-up and contorting his body to portray his subjects as "extraordinary characterization." Chaney's talents extended beyond the horror genre and stage makeup. He was also a highly skilled dancer, singer and comedian.
London After Midnight (1927)
Ray Bradbury once said of Chaney, "He was someone who acted out our psyches. He somehow got into the shadows inside our bodies; he was able to nail down some of our secret fears and put them on-screen. The history of Lon Chaney is the history of unrequited loves. He brings that part of you out into the open, because you fear that you are not loved, you fear that you never will be loved, you fear there is some part of you that's grotesque, that the world will turn away from."
Chaney and his second wife Hazel led a discreet private life distant from the Hollywood social scene. Chaney did minimal promotional work for his films and for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, purposefully fostering a mysterious image, and he reportedly intentionally avoided the social scene in Hollywood.[12]
In the final five years of his film career (1925–1930), Chaney worked exclusively under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, giving some of his most memorable performances. His portrayal of a tough-as-nails marine drill instructor in Tell It to the Marines (1926), one of his favorite films, earned him the affection of the Marine Corps, who made him their first honorary member from the motion picture industry. He also earned the respect and admiration of numerous aspiring actors, to whom he offered mentoring assistance, and between takes on film sets he was always willing to share his professional observations with the cast and crew. During the filming of The Unknown, Joan Crawford stated that she learned more about acting from watching Chaney work than from anyone else in her career. "It was then," she said, "I became aware for the first time of the difference between standing in front of a camera, and acting."[13]
Conducting a women's orchestra, as "Mr. Wu" (1927)
Death[edit]
During the filming of Thunder in the winter of 1929, Chaney developed pneumonia. In late 1929 he was diagnosed with bronchial lung cancer. This was exacerbated when artificial snow, made out of cornflakes, lodged in his throat during filming and quickly created a serious infection.[14] Despite aggressive treatment, his condition gradually worsened, and seven weeks after the release of the remake of The Unholy Three, he died of a throat hemorrhage on Tuesday, August 26, 1930, in Los Angeles, California.[Note 2] His funeral was held on August 28 in Glendale, California. Honorary pallbearers included Paul Bern, Hunt Stromberg, Irving Thalberg, Louis B. Mayer, Lionel Barrymore, Wallace Beery, Tod Browning, Lew Cody, and Ramon Novarro. The U.S. Marine Corps provided a chaplain and Honor Guard for his funeral. While his funeral was being conducted, all film studios and every office at MGM observed two minutes of silence in his honor.[12][15]
The unmarked crypt of Lon Chaney, in the Great Mausoleum, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale, Los Angeles County, California
Chaney was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, next to the crypt of his father.[15] His wife Hazel was interred there upon her death in 1933. For unknown reasons, Chaney's crypt has remained unmarked.[16]
Legacy[edit]
In 1957, Chaney was the subject of a biopic titled Man of a Thousand Faces, and was portrayed by James Cagney.[17] The film is a largely fictionalized account, as Chaney was notoriously private and hated the Hollywood lifestyle. He never revealed personal details, about himself or his family, once stating "Between pictures, there is no Lon Chaney."[12]
Chaney's son Creighton, who later changed his name to Lon Chaney Jr., became a film actor after his father's death.[18] Chaney Jr. is best remembered for roles in horror films, most notably, as the title character in The Wolf Man (1941).[19] In October 1997, both Chaneys appeared on commemorative US postage stamps as the Phantom of the Opera and the Wolf Man, with the set completed by Bela Lugosi as Dracula and Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster and the Mummy.[20] Chaney and his son are mentioned in the Warren Zevon song "Werewolves of London".
Chaney is also the subject of the 2000 documentary feature, Lon Chaney: A Thousand Faces. The film was produced by silent film historian Kevin Brownlow and narrated by Kenneth Branagh.[21]
Honors[edit]
Lon Chaney's Sierra Nevada House was his mountain retreat, near Big Pine, California
Lon Chaney has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located on Hollywood Boulevard.[22] In 1994, Al Hirschfeld's caricature of Chaney was featured on a commemorative United States postage stamp.[23]
In 1929, Lon Chaney built a stone cabin in the remote wilderness of the eastern Sierra Nevada, near Big Pine, California, as a retreat. The cabin (designed by architect Paul Williams) still stands, and is preserved by the Inyo National Forest Service. Following his death, Chaney's famous makeup case was donated to the Los Angeles County Museum by his widow, Hazel. The case is occasionally displayed for the public. The stage theater, at the Colorado Springs Civic Auditorium is also, named after the actor.
Filmography[edit]
Main article: Lon Chaney filmography
Of the 157 films made by Lon Chaney, approximately 100 are lost films.
Short subjects[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1912 The Honor of the Family Unconfirmed/disputed
Lost film
1913 The Ways of Fate Unconfirmed/disputed
Lost film
1913 Suspense Unconfirmed/disputed
1913 Poor Jake's Demise The Dude
1913 The Sea Urchin Barnacle Bill Lost film
1913 The Blood Red Tape of Charity Marx, a Gentleman Thief Lost film
1913 Shon the Piper Clansman Unconfirmed/disputed
Lost film
1913 The Trap Lon Lost film
1913 The Restless Spirit The Russian Count Uncredited
Lost film
1913 Almost an Actress Cameraman Lost film
1913 An Elephant on His Hands Eddie's Uncle Lost film
1913 Back to Life The Rival Lost film
1913 Red Margaret, Moonshiner Lon Alternative title: Moonshine Blood
Lost film
1913 Bloodhounds of the North Mountie Lieutenant Lost film
1914 The Lie Young MacGregor Lost film
1914 The Honor of the Mounted Jacques Laquox Lost film
1914 Remember Mary Magdalen The Half-Wit Lost film
1914 Discord and Harmony Lon - the Sculptor Lost film
1914 The Menace to Carlotta Giovanni Bartholdi Writer
Alternative title: Carlotta, the Bead Stringer
Lost film
1914 The Embezzler J. Roger Dixon Lost film
1914 The Lamb, the Woman, the Wolf The Wolf Lost film
1914 The End of the Feud Wood Dawson Lost film
1914 The Forbidden Room John Morris Lost film
1914 The Tragedy of Whispering Creek The Greaser Writer
Alternative title: The Mystery of Whispering Creek
1914 The Unlawful Trade The Cross Blood Lost film
1914 Heart Strings Unconfirmed
Alternative title: Heartstrings
1914 The Old Cobbler Wild Bill Lost film
1914 The Hopes of Blind Alley The Vendor Lost film
1914 A Ranch Romance Raphael Praz Lost film
1914 Her Grave Mistake Nunez Lost film
1914 By the Sun's Rays Frank Lawler - the Clerk
1914 The Trey o' Hearts One of Judith's Henchmen Uncredited
Lost film
1914 The Oubliette Chevalier Bertrand de la Payne Alternative title: The Adventures of François Villon #1: The Oubliette
1914 A Miner's Romance John Burns Lost film
1914 Her Bounty Fred Howard Lost film
1914 The Higher Law Sir Stephen Fitz Allen Alternative title: The Adventures of François Villon #2: The Higher Law
Lost film
1914 Richelieu Baradas Lost film
1914 The Pipes o' Pan Arthur Darrell Lost film
1914 Virtue Is Its Own Reward Duncan Bronson Lost film
1914 Her Life's Story Don Valesquez Lost film
1914 Lights and Shadows Bentley Lost film
1914 The Lion, the Lamb, the Man Fred Brown - the Lion Alternative title: Woman Finds Love in Untarnished Manhood
Lost film
1914 A Night of Thrills The Visitor Lost film
1914 Her Escape Pete Walsh - Pauline's Brother Writer
Lost film
1915 The Sin of Olga Brandt Stephen Leslie Lost film
1915 The Star of the Sea Tomasco Lost film
1915 A Small Town Girl The Procurer Lost film
1915 The Measure of a Man Lt. Jim Stuart
1915 The Threads of Fate The Count Lost film
1915 When the Gods Played a Badger Game Joe - the Property Man Lost film
1915 Such Is Life Tod Wilkes Lost film
1915 Where the Forest Ends Paul Rouchelle Lost film
1915 Outside the Gates Perez Lost film
1915 All for Peggy Seth Baldwin Lost film
1915 The Desert Breed Fred Lost film
1915 Maid of the Mist Lin - Pauline's Father Lost film
1915 The Grind Jerry Lost film
1915 The Girl of the Night Alternative titles: What's in a Theory, Her Chance
Lost film
1915 The Stool Pigeon Director
Lost film
1915 For Cash - Director
Lost film
1915 An Idyll of the Hills Lafe Jameson Lost film
1915 The Stronger Mind The Crook's Pal Lost film
1915 The Oyster Dredger Writer, director
Lost film
1915 Steady Company Jimmy Ford Lost film
1915 The Violin Maker Pedro - the Violin Maker Director
Lost film
1915 The Trust Jim Mason Director
Alternative title: The Truce
Lost film
1915 Bound on the Wheel Tom Coulahan Lost film
1915 Mountain Justice Jeffrey Kirke Lost film
1915 Quits Frenchy Lost film[24]
1915 The Chimney's Secret Charles Harding Writer, director
Lost film
1915 The Pine's Revenge Black Scotty Lost film
1915 The Fascination of the Fleur de Lis Duke of Safoulrug
1915 Alas and Alack The Fisherman and Hunchback Fate
1915 A Mother's Atonement Ben Morrison
1915 Lon of Lone Mountain Lon Moore Lost film
1915 The Millionaire Paupers Martin - the Landlord
1915 Under a Shadow DeSerris Lost film
1915 Father and the Boys Tuck Bartholomew Lost film
1915 Stronger Than Death Attorney Lost film
1916 Dolly's Scoop Dan Fisher
1916 The Grip of Jealousy Silas Lacey
1916 Felix on the Job Tod
1916 Accusing Evidence
1917 The Mask of Love Marino
Feature films[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1914 Damon and Pythias Unconfirmed
1916 The Grip of Jealousy Silas Lacey Lost film
1916 Tangled Hearts John Hammond A few minutes of footage exist of this film.
1916 The Gilded Spider Giovanni Lost film
1916 Bobbie of the Ballet Hook Hoover Lost film
1916 The Grasp of Greed Jimmie
1916 The Mark of Cain Dick Temple Lost film
1916 If My Country Should Call Dr. George Ardrath
1916 The Place Beyond the Winds Jerry Jo
1916 The Price of Silence Edmond Stafford
1917 The Piper's Price Billy Kilmartin Lost film
1917 Hell Morgan's Girl Sleter Noble Lost film
1917 The Girl in the Checkered Coat Hector Maitland Lost film
1917 The Flashlight Henry Norton/Porter Brixton Lost film
1917 A Doll's House Nils Krogstad Lost film
1917 Fires of Rebellion Russell Hanlon Lost film
1917 The Rescue Thomas Holland Lost film
1917 Pay Me! Joe Lawson Lost film
1917 Triumph Paul Neihoff
1917 The Empty Gun Frank Lost film
1917 Bondage Seducer Uncredited
1917 Anything Once Waught Moore Lost film
1917 The Scarlet Car Paul Revere Forbes
1918 The Grand Passion Paul Argos Lost film
1918 Broadway Love Elmer Watkins
1918 The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin Bethmann-Hollweg Lost film
1918 Fast Company Dan McCarty Lost film
1918 A Broadway Scandal "Kink" Colby Lost film
1918 Riddle Gawne Hame Bozzam
1918 That Devil, Bateese Louis Courteau Lost film
1918 The Talk of the Town Jack Langhorne Lost film
1918 Danger, Go Slow Bud Lost film
1919 The False Faces Karl Eckstrom
1919 The Wicked Darling Stoop Connors
1919 A Man's Country "Three Card" Duncan
1919 The Miracle Man The Frog
1919 Paid in Advance Bateese Le Blanc
1919 When Bearcat Went Dry Kindard Powers
1919 Victory Ricardo
1920 Daredevil Jack Royce Rivers
1920 Treasure Island Blind Pew/Merry Lost film
1920 The Gift Supreme Merney Stagg
1920 The Penalty Blizzard
1920 Nomads of the North Raoul Challoner
1920 Outside the Law Black Mike Sylva/Ah Wing
1921 For Those We Love Trix Ulner Lost film
1921 Bits of Life Chin Chow Lost film
1921 The Ace of Hearts Farallone
1922 Voices of the City O'Rourke Released in 1921 as The Night Rose, censored and renamed
Lost film
1922 The Trap Gaspard the Good Writer
1922 Flesh and Blood David Webster
1922 The Light in the Dark Tony Pantelli
1922 Oliver Twist Fagin
1922 Shadows Yen Sin, the Heathen
1922 Quincy Adams Sawyer Obadiah Strout Lost film
1922 A Blind Bargain Dr. Arthur Lamb/The Ape Man Alternative title: The Octave of Claudius
Lost film
1923 All the Brothers Were Valiant Mark Shore Lost film
1923 While Paris Sleeps Henri Santodos Lost film
1923 The Shock Wilse Dilling
1923 The Hunchback of Notre Dame Quasimodo Makeup artist (uncredited)
1924 The Next Corner Juan Serafin Lost film
1924 He Who Gets Slapped Paul Beaumont/HE
1925 The Monster Dr. Ziska
1925 The Phantom of the Opera The Phantom Director, makeup artist (uncredited)
1925 The Unholy Three Echo, the Ventriloquist
1925 The Tower of Lies Jan Lost film
1926 The Blackbird The Blackbird/The Bishop Alternative title: The Black Bird
1926 The Road to Mandalay Singapore Joe
1926 Tell It to the Marines Sergeant O'Hara
1927 Mr. Wu Mr. Wu/Wu's Grandfather
1927 The Unknown Alonzo
1927 Mockery Sergei
1927 London After Midnight Professor Edward C. Burke Makeup artist (uncredited)
Lost film
1928 The Big City Chuck Collins Lost film
1928 Laugh, Clown, Laugh Tito
1928 While the City Sleeps Dan Coghlan
1928 West of Zanzibar Phroso
1929 Where East is East Tiger Haynes
1929 Thunder Grumpy Anderson
1930 The Unholy Three Echo Also makeup artist (uncredited)
The Man of a Thousand Faces[edit]
Fagin in Oliver Twist (1922)
"Erik, The Phantom" in The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
"Hypnotist" in London After Midnight (1927)
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In a scene from Triumph (1917), biographer Daniel Blum described the scene as: "... Phillips has hand on Chaney's head embracing him while Stowell reads paperwork on desk."[6]
Jump up ^ The New York Times reported: "Lon Chaney dies after brave fight. On road to recovery, screen actor is stricken by hemorrhage of the throat. Was a master of makeup. Son of deaf and dumb Parents, He began career as property boy. Excelled in vivid personations. Acted as Pike's Peak guide. Made stage debut at 17. Appeared in slap-stick comedy. Wore straitjacket as "Hunchback." New disguise for each film. Although he was believed to be on the road to recovery, Lon Chaney, screen actor, who had been making a valiant fight against anemia and bronchial congestion, died at 12:55."[1]
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Obituary: Lon Chaney." The New York Times, August 27, 1930. Retrieved: July 21, 2007.
Jump up ^ Blackmar 1912, pp. 496–498.
Jump up ^ Mysteries and Scandals - Lon Chaney (Season 3, Episode 34). E!. 2000.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Lon Chaney dies. Before her husband entered the movies she was well known In Vaudeville." The New York Times, November 1, 1933. Retrieved: July 21, 2007.
Jump up ^ Internet Movie Database, IMDb.com ; film listings on Lon Chaney, William Stowell, Dorothy Phillips & Claire Dubrey
Jump up ^ 'Blum 1953, p. 141
Jump up ^ Vogel 2010, p. 146.
Jump up ^ Herzogenrath 2008, p. 79.
^ Jump up to: a b c Anderson, R. G. (1971). Faces, Forms, Films; the Artistry of Lon Chaney (pp. 1-216). Cranbury, NJ: A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc.
Jump up ^ Lussier, Tim. "The Phantom of the Opera (1925)." Silents are Golden, 2000. Retrieved: May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dick 1997, pp. 52-55.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fleming 2009, p. 167.
Jump up ^ LaSalle 2000, p. 120.
Jump up ^ Schickel and Hurlburt 1962, p. 133,
^ Jump up to: a b "Funeral Service For Lon Chaney." The Telegraph, August 28, 1930, p. 5. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Riley 1993, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Slide 2010, p. 217.
Jump up ^ Smith 2004, pp. 9, 12.
Jump up ^ Guiley 2004, p. 63.
Jump up ^ Carr, Richard. "Movie monsters kick off National Stamp-collecting Month." sun-sentinel.com, October 5, 1997. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ French, Phillip. "The Phantom of the Opera." theguardian.com, January 4, 2014. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lon Chaney." latimes.com. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Blake 1997, p. 290.
Jump up ^ "Quits (1915)." silentera.com. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Anderson, Robert Gordon. Faces, Forms, Films: The Artistry of Lon Chaney. South Brunswick, New Jersey: A. S. Barnes, 1971. ISBN 978-0-4980-7726-5.
Blackmar, Frank W., ed. Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, etc.. Chicago : Standard Publishing Company, 1912.
Blake, Michael F. The Films of Lon Chaney. Vestal, New York: Vestal Press, 1998. ISBN 978-1-5683-3237-6.
Blake, Michael F. A Thousand Faces: Lon Chaney's Unique Artistry in Motion Pictures. Vestal, New York: Vestal Press, 1997. ISBN 978-1-8795-1121-7.
Blum, Daniel. Pictorial History of the Silent Screen. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1953. ISBN 978-0-4480-1477-7.
Dick, Bernard F. City of Dreams: The Making and Remaking of Universal Pictures. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8131-2016-4.
Fleming, E.J. Paul Bern: The Life and Famous Death of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Director and Husband of Harlow. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-3963-8.
Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8160-4684-3.
Herzogenrath, Bernd, ed. The Cinema of Tod Browning: Essays of the Macabre and Grotesque. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7864-3447-3.
LaSalle, Mick. Complicated Women: Sex and Power in Pre-Code Hollywood. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-3122-8431-2,
Riley, Philip J. MagicImage Filmbooks Presents The Wolf Man. Chesterfield, New Jersey: MagicImage Filmbooks, 1993. ISBN 978-1-8821-2721-4.
Schikel, Richard and Allen Hurlburt. The Stars. New York: Bonanza Books, a division of Crown Publishers, 1962. ISBN 978-0-5170-3771-3.
Slide, Anthony. Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8131-2249-6.
Smith, Don G. Lon Chaney Jr.: Horror Film Star, 1906–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-1813-8.
Vogel, Michelle. Olive Borden: The Life and Films of Hollywood's 'Joy Girl'. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7864-4795-4.
External links[edit]
Biography portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lon Chaney.
Official website
Lon Chaney Sr. Man of 1,000 Faces – Facebook
Chaney Lon Chaney at the TCM Movie Database
Lon Chaney on IMDb
Lon Chaney at the TCM Movie Database
Lon Chaney at Find a Grave
rare portrait; Spanish collectors card
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LCCN: n89639682
NKC: av2009541082
NLA: 35251541
SNAC: w6nk49nb
SUDOC: 059708026
VIAF: 54361336
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