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Presidential Council for Minority Rights
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Parliament House, Singapore, photographed in December 2008. The Presidential Council for Minority Rights meets in this building to scrutinize certain types of legislation for provisions discriminating against racial or religious communities in Singapore
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The Presidential Council for Minority Rights (PCMR) is a non-elected government body in Singapore established in 1970, the main function of which is to scrutinize most of the bills passed by Parliament to ensure that they do not discriminate against any racial or religious community. If the Council feels that any provision in a bill amounts to a differentiating measure, it will report its findings to Parliament and refer the bill back to Parliament for reconsideration. The Council also examines subsidiary legislation and statutes in force on 9 January 1970. One member of the PCMR is nominated by the Chairman to the Presidential Elections Committee, which is empowered to ensure that candidates for the office of President have the qualifications required by the Constitution. The President also appoints and dismisses the chairman and members of the Presidential Council for Religious Harmony ("PCRH"), established by the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Cap. 167A, 2001 Rev. Ed.), on the advice of the PCMR, and the PCMR is responsible for determining whether PCRH members who are not representatives of major religions in Singapore have distinguished themselves in public service or community relations in Singapore.
The Council is made up of its Chairman (as of 6 November 2012 the Chief Justice of Singapore, Sundaresh Menon), up to ten permanent members who are appointed for life, and up to ten ordinary members who are appointed for a period of three years and may be re-appointed. Appointments are made by the President on the advice of the Cabinet. If the President does not concur with Cabinet's advice, he may veto appointments. However, he is required to consult the Council of Presidential Advisers ("CPA"), and if the CPA does not concur with his view, Parliament may override his decision with a resolution passed with a two-thirds majority vote. The President has no power to remove current PCMR members.
The Constitution only requires members of the Council to be Singapore citizens residing in Singapore who are at least 35 years old. There is no restriction on Cabinet ministers and members of political parties. Moreover, the Prime Minister may authorize any Minister, Minister of State or Parliamentary Secretary to attend Council meetings. It has been noted that this may have a chilling effect on the Council's deliberations as such a guest might be the author or a vocal proponent of the legislation under scrutiny. On the other hand, it has been suggested that members with political affiliations can often make the biggest contribution towards the Council's discussions. Another criticism of the PCMR's composition is that having judges on the Council may lead to a conflict of interest as they may have to exercise judicial review over Acts of Parliament they have either endorsed or rejected previously.
All proceedings of the Council are conducted in private, and the Council is prohibited from hearing objectors or examining witnesses regarding any bill or law under consideration. Since its establishment, the PCMR has not found any legislation to contain differentiating measures.
Contents
[hide]
1 Role
2 Origin
2.1 The Wee Chong Jin Constitutional Commission
2.2 Parliamentary debate on the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1969
3 Composition, appointment and term of office of members
3.1 Composition
3.2 Appointment and term of office
3.3 Current membership
3.4 Issues
4 Powers and functions
4.1 Bills
4.1.1 Excluded types of bills
4.2 Subsidiary legislation and certain written laws
4.3 Other functions of the Council and its members
5 The PCMR as an "Upper Chamber"
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
8.1 Legislation
8.2 Other works
9 Further reading
9.1 Articles and websites
9.2 Books
Role[edit]
Copies of the PCMR's annual reports
The Presidential Council for Minority Rights (PCMR) is a non-elected body established in 1970 under Part VII of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore to fulfil the roles of safeguarding minority rights and advising the Government and the Parliament of Singapore.[1] Its general function, as articulated in the Constitution, is "to consider and report on such matters affecting persons of any racial or religious community in Singapore as may be referred to the Council by Parliament or the Government".[2] To fulfil its role as a safeguard against any parliamentary or executive propensity to majoritarian or sectarian politics, it may constrict the Government's freedom to discriminate against racial and religious communities by obstructing the passage of new laws and regulations that it deems to contain such "differentiating measures".[3]
As a legislative review mechanism, it plays a "limited quasi Second Chamber" role.[4] It has also been called "the closest body [Singapore has] to a Second Chamber for many years".[5] However, the Council has been criticized for lacking teeth to act as a real check on potential legislative abuses. As of 2009, the PCMR had not issued an adverse report regarding any piece of legislation referred to it.[6] Nevertheless, it forms part of the statutory framework for the People's Action Party government's internationally lauded efforts in managing minority issues in multiethnic Singapore.[7] Former Deputy Prime Minister S. Jayakumar, formerly a member of the Council, has noted that the PCMR is also a symbol of the paramount importance placed on racial harmony in a world still rife with racial and communal conflict.[8]
Origin[edit]
The Wee Chong Jin Constitutional Commission[edit]
On 18 January 1966, shortly after Singapore's independence, the President of Singapore appointed a Constitutional Commission helmed by Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin to consider how the rights of racial, linguistic, and religious minorities in the nascent nation should be protected.[9] Singapore had just been ejected from Malaysia, and had experienced an extended period of racial and religious tension resulting from the Maria Hertogh riots. This experience reinforced the need for a multiracial society based on equality among races.[10]
The Commission, in its report on 27 August 1966,[11] found that such equality was best protected by giving minority rights equal footing with the fundamental liberties in the Constitution.[12] In addition, it recommended a "Council of State", an advisory body that would inform the Government of the effects its laws would have on minorities. This concept was based on the Kenyan Council of State which was established in 1958 during its phase of transition to African majority rule.[13] The idea of an advisory body which could not significantly impede the legislative agenda was viewed by lawmakers as a promising innovation. In addition, the creation of an advisory council ensuring equal treatment in legislation was very much in line with the idea that, as citizens become increasingly aware of racial and religious issues, national growth will very much depend on an approach to such problems that is not fraught with religious and racial tensions.[14]
Some of the recommendations for the new Council of State included the following:
Members of the Council were to be appointed after consultation with the Prime Minister, but at the President's discretion.[15]
No member should belong to a political party.[16]
Membership would be assigned and renewed for a specified period of either three, six or nine years.[17]
Proceedings should be held in public.
Parliamentary debate on the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1969[edit]
The Constitution (Amendment) Act 1969[18] was passed on 23 December 1969 to create the "Presidential Council" based heavily on the proposed Council of State. The amendment took effect on 9 January 1970. This Council was subsequently renamed the Presidential Council for Minority Rights in 1973.[19] Although the proposal of the Commission was accepted by Parliament, it nonetheless made several changes that led to the substantial differences from the original proposal, including the following:
Appointments to the Council are made by the President on the advice of the Cabinet.[20]
There are two categories members, namely, permanent and non-permanent members, with the permanent members holding life tenure.[21]
Members of Parliament (MPs), including ministers, are not precluded from sitting in the Council and serving their terms in Parliament simultaneously.
Affiliation with a political party is not a bar to Council membership.
Supporters of the new body heralded the Presidential Council as a step forward in enhancing the country's democratic spirit. Its establishment was seen as putting a limit on possible dictatorial measures in legislation, which is especially important in a one-party dominated Parliament like Singapore's.[22] Even if the new Council's powers were strictly limited to giving advice, this was justified on the basis that it would nevertheless serve to alert the public should the Government proceed to enact an Act which prejudices a class of minorities.[23] Indeed, the Constitutional Commission had intended for the Council of State "to fix the attention of the public on any matter originating from Parliament which may adversely affect the interests of any minority group".[24]
Composition, appointment and term of office of members[edit]
Composition[edit]
The Presidential Council can consist of no more than 21 persons at any one time.[25] The Council is made up of its Chairman, up to ten permanent members who are appointed for life, and up to ten ordinary members who are appointed for a period of three years and may be re-appointed.[26] The distinction between permanent and non-permanent members was not one of the recommendations of the Constitutional Commission, and the Government did not adopt the Commission's proposal that members should not belong to a political party. It has been suggested that this causes the PCMR's composition to be "somewhat weighted in favour of the Government and to that extent derogates from the concept of an uncommitted council of elders which sits as a watchdog over the rights of individuals".[27]
The Chairman is responsible for convening and presiding at all meetings of the Council, but whenever the office of Chairman is vacant, the Council may elect any member to act as Chairman.[28] The Chairman has an original vote but not a casting vote.[29] No fewer than eight members, including the Chairman or another member appointed to preside in his place, must convene in order for the Council to transact any business.[30] Any motion in the Council fails in the event of a tie.[31]
Appointment and term of office[edit]
One of the longest serving members of the PCMR, former Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew was a permanent member of the Council at the time of his death on 23 March 2015
The members of the Presidential Council are not elected, but appointed by the President on advice of the Cabinet.[20] No public nomination process or vote is stipulated in the Constitution. The President, if he does not concur with the Cabinet, may veto the appointment.[32] However, he is required to consult the Council of Presidential Advisers ("CPA"), a constitutional body that advises the President on appointments of key public officials and matters relating to Singapore's financial reserves. If he exercises his veto without the CPA's concurrence, Parliament may overrule his decision with a resolution passed with a two-thirds majority vote.[33] The President has no power to remove current members.[34]
Members of the Council must be Singapore citizens of at least 35 years of age residing in Singapore.[35] Apart from these qualifications stated in the Constitution, there was an indication in the Parliamentary debates leading to the PCMR's introduction that permanent members of the PCMR are very likely to be drawn from "men of distinction" who hold or have held high public appointments, such as former prime ministers, the Chief Justice, former chief justices, judges, the Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore, the Chairman of the Public Service Commission, the Attorney-General and former permanent secretaries. Non-permanent members will probably be mature citizens who have rendered distinguished public service, or are prominent members of their professions.[27]
A member may be disqualified if he is found to be of unsound mind, if he becomes insolvent or is an undischarged bankrupt, if he is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment of not less than one year or a fine of not less than S$2,000, or if he has lost his Singaporean citizenship or declared himself allied to a foreign country.[36] Any questions as to membership or disqualification are determined by a tribunal convened in secret that consists of a Supreme Court judge appointed by the Chief Justice and two members appointed by the Council.[37] The Constitution does not stipulate any procedure for the removal of a member besides disqualification and the member's own resignation.[38]
Current membership[edit]
As of 1 April 2015, there are 19 members on the PCMR, five of whom are permanent members. The Chairman is Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon (who took over from former Chief Justice Chan Sek Keong who retired on 5 November 2012),[39] and prominent members include Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Attorney-General V. K. Rajah, and the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore William Goh. Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and cabinet minister Othman Wok were permanent members of the Council until their respective deaths in 2015 and 2017.[40][41][42]
Position
Name
Dates of appointment
Chairman Sundaresh Menon
Chief Justice From 6 November 2012[39]
Permanent members S. Dhanabalan
Former Cabinet Minister and Chairman of Temasek Holdings From 1 July 1998[43]
Goh Chok Tong
Emeritus Senior Minister From 1 July 1998[43]
Lee Hsien Loong
Prime Minister From 15 July 2006[44]
K. Shanmugam
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law From 31 October 2011[45]
Other members Joseph Yuvaraj Pillay
Former Permanent Secretary 15 July 2003[46] –
14 July 2015[47]
Nicholas Chia Yeck Joo
Archbishop Emeritus of Singapore 15 July 2006[44] –
14 July 2015[47]
Othman Haron Eusofe
Former Minister of State 15 July 2006[44] –
14 July 2015[47]
Timothy James de Souza
Former president of the Eurasian Association From 2 May 2010[48]
Abdullah Tarmugi
Former Speaker of Parliament From 10 January 2012[49]
Chan Heng Chee
Former Singapore Ambassador to the United States 15 July 2012 –
14 July 2015[47]
Steven Chong Horng Siong
Judge of the Supreme Court 15 July 2012 –
14 July 2015[47]
Barry Desker
Distinguished Fellow, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies 15 July 2012 –
14 July 2015[47]
Philip Antony Jeyaretnam
Managing Partner, Rodyk & Davidson LLP 15 July 2012 –
14 July 2015[47]
V. K. Rajah
Attorney-General of Singapore 25 June 2014 –
24 June 2017[50]
William Goh Seng Chye
Archbishop of Singapore 1 April 2015 –
31 March 2018[40]
Shaikh Syed Isa bin Mohamed Semait
Former mufti of Singapore 1 April 2015 –
31 March 2018[40]
Surjit Singh s/o Wajid Singh
Former chairman of the Sikh Advisory Board 1 April 2015 –
31 March 2018[40]
Lucien Wong
Attorney-General of Singapore 14 January 2017 –
13 January 2020[51]
Issues[edit]
The existence of permanent members; the opacity of appointment; and the inclusion of members of the Government, political parties, and their allies may mean that the PCMR could be used as a tool for the government of the day to remain in power despite its waning popularity in the future.[52]
While the President may block certain appointments to the Council, he cannot remove a permanent member from his seat. In fact, it does not appear that any person has the power to do so. The door may be open for potential abuse with appointments based on some political agenda rather than merit.[53] The counterpoint is that it is precisely those in power who are best placed to scrutinize bills for illegitimate differentiating measures, because "it is often those with political affiliations who can make the biggest contribution to the discussion; if nothing else, from the folly and error of their past ways".[54]
The presence of judicial members on the Council may also pose additional problems. There is a possibility of conflict of interest for judges who sit as members of the Council if they find themselves having to review the very Acts of Parliament that they have either endorsed or rejected previously. This is exacerbated by the fact that the Council, in examining the legitimacy of Bills, plays a quasi-judicial role. There may be confusion as regards the legality of a piece of legislation if, for example, it was initially condemned by the Council but enacted by the Government and later endorsed by the courts upon judicial review.[55] When the potential conflict between the Chief Justice's role as head of the judiciary and as Chairman of the Council was raised in 2010 by Githu Muigai, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Tolerance, he was informed that the Chief Justice would recuse himself from any matter in which a conflict arose.[56]
On the other hand, it has been suggested that the enactment of a statute by Parliament in the face of an adverse report by the PCMR should be taken as a "mere disagreement over the interpretation of the Constitution and thus should not foreclose judicial review".[57] However, this depends on whether the statute in question is a constitutional amendment or an ordinary Act of Parliament. Acts of Parliament may be disputed in court for their lack of compliance with the Constitution, but constitutional amendments may not be.[58]
Further, scrutinizing legislation to determine if it contravenes fundamental liberties is traditionally the function of the judiciary. Even though the PCMR can potentially prevent an unconstitutional piece of legislation from coming into force, there is doubt as to whether the Council's members have sufficient legal training to undertake the burdensome task.[59]
Powers and functions[edit]
The PCMR may examine bills, subsidiary legislation,[60] and written laws in force on 9 January 1970[61] for any "differentiating measure", which is defined as any measure "which is, or is likely in its practical application to be, disadvantageous to persons of any racial or religious community and not equally disadvantageous to persons of other such communities, either directly by prejudicing persons of that community or indirectly by giving advantage to persons of another community".[3] All proceedings are conducted in private, and the Council is prohibited from hearing objectors or examining witnesses regarding any bill or law under consideration.[62]
Such privacy means that the Council is denied even a modest "sanction" of publicity.[63] Under the Constitutional Commission's original proposal, the PCMR was meant to hold its meetings publicly in Parliament, and publish reports of such proceedings.[64] These proposals were rejected on the ground that such publicity might have the adverse consequence of giving members a public forum at which to further their own agendas. E.W. Barker, the Minister for Law and National Development, commented in Parliament that having the discussions in private helps to ensure that they are conducted frankly and constructively, and not held with an eye on the press or with a view to scoring political points.[65]
The validity of such measures to promote free discussion may be negated by Article 87 of the Constitution, which provides that any Minister, Minister of State or Parliamentary Secretary specially authorized by the Prime Minister may attend these private meetings.[60] There may be a real chilling effect on the deliberations when a guest might well be the author or a vocal proponent of the legislation being scrutinized.[63]
Moreover, the Council's secrecy has been criticized as contrary to its status as a symbol of racial harmony in Singapore. The discharge of such a role requires that the PCMR projects an image of effectiveness, which the current requirement of secrecy arguably impedes. Secret discussions also prevent the public from being informed about controversial issues that may have arisen in the course of implementing new laws, especially those which may affect the rights of minorities.[66]
Bills[edit]
The Speaker of Parliament is required to refer all bills, with some exceptions, to the PCMR for consideration immediately after the third reading of the bill in Parliament and obtain the Council's report on it before the bill may be sent to the President for assent.[67]
The Council must make its report to Parliament within 30 days of the passage of any bill that is referred to it,[68] judging if any provisions of the Bill are "discriminatory or inconsistent with fundamental liberties".[24] However, if the bill is particularly complex or of great length, the Speaker has the discretion to extend the deadline upon application by the Chairman.[69] If the Council fails to make a report within the given timeframe, it is "conclusively presumed" that the Council is satisfied that the bill is free from differentiating measures.[70]
The referral of a bill only after its third reading means that Parliament will not have the opportunity of considering the Council's views on the bill prior to the debate. The Wee Chong Jin Commission had advocated for the Council to consider each bill after it had been introduced during its second reading, on the presumption that the Council would express views that would benefit the debate on the bill.[24] Additionally, since Parliament has already passed the bill, Parliament may consider it a "point of honour to maintain its original view ... whatever the merits of the Council's objections" as they have already debated the bill and may decide to "stick to their original guns".[71]
If the Council does make an adverse report, Parliament may amend the bill to rid it of any differentiating measures before sending it back to the Council for inspection.[69] The MP having charge of the bill may give two clear days' notice[72] of the amendments he or she proposes to move in Parliament to the provisions of the bill that were adversely reported upon by the Council. The bill then stands recommitted to a committee of the whole Parliament on those provisions, and the proposed amendments are considered. Parliament then resumes, and the MP having charge of the bill reports whether the amendments were agreed to by the committee. If so, the MP moves that the amended bill should be resubmitted to the Council.[73] There is uncertainty as to whether the Council will have to make another report within any time limit, or if the bill will then be directly presented to the President for assent.[74]
Alternatively, Parliament may effectively ignore the Council's adverse report with a motion passed with an affirmative vote of two-thirds of its members.[70] Again, the MP in charge of the bill must give two clear days' notice of his intention to move that the bill be presented to the President for assent despite the adverse report. Following a debate, MPs vote on the motion by taking a division.[75] If Parliament rejects the adverse report in this way, Parliament may send the bill, notwithstanding any differentiating measures, to the President for assent.[76] These overriding mechanisms against adverse reports present difficulties when seen in the light of Article 12 of the Constitution, which is meant to guarantee equal protection under the law to minorities without discrimination,[77] since bills containing differentiating measures that are presented to the President for assent can be seen as "inconsistent with the fundamental liberties of the subject".[78]
Excluded types of bills[edit]
Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong at the World Economic Forum on East Asia in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 12 June 2011. The PM may certify that, for certain reasons, a bill does not need to be referred to the PCMR.
Three types of bills are expressly excluded from the scrutiny of the PCMR:[79]
Money bills; that is, bills which contains provisions dealing with public money, taxation, payments of debts or charges on public funds, grants of money to the Government, the raising or guaranteeing of loans, and any ancillary matters relating to such matters.[3]
Bills that the Prime Minister certifies as affecting "the defence or security of Singapore, or which relate to the public safety, peace or good order of Singapore".
Bills that the Prime Minister certifies to be so urgent that any delay in enactment would be detrimental to the public welfare.
It has been argued that such exemptions are too wide and may be open to abuse. For instance, it is up to the Speaker to determine whether any bill falls within the definition of a money bill, and once he has certified his opinion on the matter in writing, that is "conclusive for all purposes and shall not be open to question in any court".[80] Moreover, grounds upon which bills may be excluded such as "public safety" and "peace", have been described as "nebulous" with potentially wide definitions that are open to abuse by the government in power.[81] As regards a bill that has been enacted on a certificate of urgency and assented to by the President, the Speaker is required to send the Act of Parliament to the Council as soon as possible for its report, which is then presented to Parliament.[82] However, the Constitution contains no provisions as to any steps that Parliament is required to take to amending the Act if an adverse report is made.[81]
Subsidiary legislation and certain written laws[edit]
All new subsidiary legislation must be sent to the Council for scrutiny within 14 days of their publication in the Government Gazette.[83] The Council is then required to make its report to the Speaker and the appropriate Minister within 30 days.[84] However, unlike with bills, there is no provision to extend the original deadline. As with bills, tardiness in sending an adverse report results in a conclusive presumption that the Council finds no differentiating measures in the subsidiary legislation.[85] Where the Council issues an adverse report, the Minister must revoke or amend the offending provision within six months of the report, unless Parliament passes a resolution confirming that provision.[86]
The Council may also make a report on any written law in force on 9 January 1970, but there is no constitutional provision that requires Parliament or the relevant Minister to act on it.[61]
Other functions of the Council and its members[edit]
One of the members of the Presidential Elections Committee, which is the body empowered to ensure that candidates for the office of President have the qualifications required by the Constitution, is a member of the PCMR appointed to this post by the Chairman of the Council.[87]
The Council also effectively decides the composition of the Presidential Council for Religious Harmony ("PCRH"), established by the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act.[88] The President appoints the chairman and the members of the PCRH on the advice of the Council, and the Council is responsible for determining whether the members of the PCRH who are not representatives of major religions in Singapore have "distinguished themselves in public service or community relations in Singapore".[89] The President is also required to consult the Council before revoking the membership of any member of the PCRH.[90] However, the President has the discretion to veto any appointment or revocation if he does not agree with the PCMR.[91]
The PCMR as an "Upper Chamber"[edit]
The composition of the Parliament of Singapore following the 2011 general election. It has been argued that the efficacy of the PCMR is greatly restricted by the fact that the ruling People's Action Party (represented by the grey dots) can easily acquire the two-thirds majority of all MPs needed to surmount any adverse reports the Council may issue.
The Singaporean Parliament is unicameral in nature, consisting of a single legislative body tasked with making laws.[92] However, the notion of a second legislative chamber was considered on two separate occasions. In 1954, a constitutional commission headed by Sir George William Rendel rejected a proposal for a second chamber composed solely of minority representatives, citing its unsuitability in a tiny state like Singapore and arguing that it might end up being unnecessarily bureaucratic. It also asserted that such an upper House might potentially be detrimental to social cohesion.[93] This issue was also considered by the Wee Chong Jin Commission, which rejected it on similar grounds.[94]
The PCMR's power to review and block the passage of Bills is regarded by some as an indication of its potential as a second chamber.[95] The Council's functional design, however, makes it only a very weak legislative review mechanism.[96] The Council has no power to investigate alleged breaches of minority rights. The general public has also no right of making their views or complaints known to the Chamber. In addition, the lack of a veto power means that currently the most the Council can do is delay the passage of bills and prompt further parliamentary deliberation of the bills in question.[97] But it has yet to do even this much. On those occasions where the Council might have rightly drawn attention to differentiating measures in proposed Bills, the legislature has pre-empted this by inserting "notwithstanding clauses" in the Constitution. Such clauses declare that laws that contravene a constitutional provision are nevertheless valid.[96]
An alternative view is that it is not the formal structure of the Council – which in theory is capable of exercising judicial, legislative and review functions – but the presence of a practically single-party Parliament that drastically undermines the PCMR's powers, restricting it solely to an advisory capacity. This may not be the case if a strong Opposition exists in Parliament to obstruct the mustering of the required two-thirds voting majority required to push through legislation without the endorsement of the Council.[98]
Besides being criticized for its limited powers, there is also some concern that the Council's responsibilities may go too far. By taking up the function of scrutinizing existing and prospective legislation for differentiating measures and inconsistencies with fundamental liberties, the Council may be encroaching on the functions of constitutional interpretation, which is traditionally the function of courts. Even though the Council has the additional advantage of identifying potentially unconstitutional legislation at an early stage, thereby preventing unnecessary litigation in the future, there is doubt as to the ability of the Council to take on such a task. Given that constitutional interpretation is traditionally the function of lawyers and the courts, the task may be best carried out by the legally trained members of the PCMR.[59]
See also[edit]
Constitution of Singapore
Parliament of Singapore
Powers of the President of Singapore
Sources of Singapore law
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Kevin Y[ew] L[ee] Tan; Thio Li-ann (2010), "The Legislature", Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rd ed.), Singapore: LexisNexis, pp. 299–359 at 359, ISBN 978-981-236-795-2 .
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Reprint), Article 76(1).
^ Jump up to: a b c Constitution, Art. 68.
Jump up ^ Thio Li-ann (1999), "The Constitutional Framework of Powers", in Kevin Y[ew] L[ee] Tan, ed., The Singapore Legal System (2nd ed.), Singapore: Singapore University Press, pp. 67–103 at 101, ISBN 978-9971-69-212-4 CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link).
Jump up ^ Andrew Mak Yen-Chen (1992), "The Need for a Second Chamber in Singapore", Singapore Law Review, 13: 109–131 at 114 .
Jump up ^ Jaclyn Ling-Chien Neo (2009), "The Protection of Minorities and the Constitution: A Judicious Balance?", in Li-ann Thio; Kevin Y[ew] L[ee] Tan, eds., Evolution of a Revolution: Forty Years of the Singapore Constitution, Singapore: Routledge-Cavendish, pp. 234–259 at 249–250, ISBN 978-0-415-43862-9 CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link).
Jump up ^ Eugene Tan (2000), "Law and Values in Governance: The Singapore Way", Hong Kong Law Journal, 30 (1): 91–119 at 105 .
Jump up ^ Ken Kwek (22 July 2006), "Two more join minority rights council: Council is significant symbol of racial harmony, stresses DPM Jayakumar", The Straits Times, p. 7 .
Jump up ^ David S[aul] Marshall (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper II", Singapore Law Review, 1: 9–13 at 5 .
Jump up ^ "Protection of minorities: Govt appoints 10-man team to help formulate safeguards", The Straits Times, p. 16, 23 December 1965 .
Jump up ^ Report of the Constitutional Commission, 1966 [chairman: Wee Chong Jin C.J.], Singapore: Government Printer, 1966, OCLC 51640681 .
Jump up ^ Eugene Tan; Gary Chan (25 September 2007), The Singapore Legal System, Singaporelaw.sg, Singapore Academy of Law, para. 1.2.27, archived from the original on 24 July 2011 .
Jump up ^ Thio Su Mien (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper I", Singapore Law Review, 1: 2–8 at 3 .
Jump up ^ Li-ann Thio (2010), "Constitutional Accommodation of the Rights of Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Plural Democracies: Lessons and Cautionary Tales from South-East Asia", Pace International Law Review, 22 (1): 43–101 at 71 .
Jump up ^ Constitutional Commission Report 1966, para. 59(ii).
Jump up ^ Constitutional Commission Report 1966, para. 59(v)(a).
Jump up ^ Constitutional Commission Report 1966, para. 59(xii).
Jump up ^ Constitution (Amendment) Act 1969 (No. 19 of 1969), originating from the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1969 (Bill No. 5 of 1969).
Jump up ^ By way of the Constitution (Amendment) (Presidential Council for Minority Rights) Act 1973 (No. 3 of 1973), in force on 14 July 1973: see Tan & Thio, "The Legislature", p. 359.
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution, Art. 69(2).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 69(1)(b).
Jump up ^ Lim Guan Hoo, speech during the Third Reading of the Constitution (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (23 December 1969), vol. 29, col. 282.
Jump up ^ Edmund William Barker (Minister for Law and National Development), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (12 June 1969), vol. 29, col. 62.
^ Jump up to: a b c Marshall, "Paper II", p. 12.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 69(1).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Arts. 69(1) and (3).
^ Jump up to: a b Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", p. 3.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Arts. 82(2) and (3).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 83(3).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 83(1).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 83(4).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 22(1)(c).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 22(2).
Jump up ^ Wan Wai Yee (1994), "Recent Changes to the Westminster System of Government and Government Accountability", Singapore Law Review, 15: 297–332 at 306 .
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 71.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 72.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Arts. 74(1) and (2). Any decision of the tribunal is final and not be open to question in any court: Art. 74(3).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 73(b).
^ Jump up to: a b Justice Sundaresh Menon sworn in as new Chief Justice, AsiaOne, 7 November 2012 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rachel Au-Yong (3 April 2015), "3 religious leaders appointed to minority rights council", The Straits Times, p. B2 .
Jump up ^ "Singapore would have turned out differently if Othman Wok had wavered on multi-culturalism: PM Lee". TODAYonline. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
Jump up ^ Othman Wok, Singapore Infopedia, National Library Board, 2009, archived from the original on 8 April 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b "3 more sworn into minority rights council", The Straits Times, 2 July 1998 .
^ Jump up to: a b c "New members of Presidential Council for Minority Rights", Today, p. 4, 22 July 2006 .
Jump up ^ Appointment to Presidential Council for Minority Rights, Istana, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 6 April 2015 ; "Shanmugam joins minority rights council", The Straits Times, p. B6, 1 November 2011 .
Jump up ^ Biographical Summary of J Y Pillay (PDF), Istana, 6 August 2014, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2015 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Appointments to Presidential Council for Minority Rights, Istana, 16 July 2012, archived from the original on 6 April 2015 ; Goh Chin Lian (17 July 2012), "New faces on Presidential Council for Minority Rights", The Straits Times ; "4 new members in minority rights council", Today, 17 July 2012, archived from the original on 30 July 2012 .
Jump up ^ Jeremy Au Yong (1 May 2010), "New member on minority rights council", The Straits Times .
Jump up ^ "Singapore round-up: Abdullah joins Council for Minority Rights", My Paper, p. A2, 11 January 2012 ; Teo Wan Gek (11 January 2012), "Abdullah Tarmugi joins minority rights council", The Straits Times, p. B7 ; "Abdullah joins Council for Minority Rights", Today, p. 27, 11 January 2012, archived from the original on 12 January 2012 .
Jump up ^ Vivien Shiao (26 June 2014), "V K Rajah sworn in as 8th A-G of S'pore", Business Times .
Jump up ^ Ng, Huiwen (2017-01-16). "Lucien Wong sworn in as Singapore's 9th Attorney-General". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
Jump up ^ Francis Khoo Kah Siang (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper III", Singapore Law Review, 1: 14–19 at 18–19 .
Jump up ^ Marshall, "Paper II", p. 11.
Jump up ^ Lee Kuan Yew (Prime Minister), "Report of the Constitutional Commission, 1966", Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (15 March 1967), vol. 25, col. 1291.
Jump up ^ Khoo, "Paper III", p. 16.
Jump up ^ MFA Press Statement: MFA's Response to the Press Statement of Mr Githu Muigai, UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 28 April 2010, archived from the original on 11 May 2012 .
Jump up ^ Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", p. 8.
Jump up ^ Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", pp. 6–7.
^ Jump up to: a b Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", p. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution, Art. 77.
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution, Art. 81.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b Thio Li-ann, "The Constitutional Framework of Powers", p. 101.
Jump up ^ Constitutional Commission Report 1966, pp. 16–17, para. 59.
Jump up ^ E.W. Barker (Minister for Law and National Development), "Constitutional Commission Report: Statement by the Minister for Law and National Development", Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (21 December 1966), vol. 25, col. 1055, cited in Marshall, "Paper II", p. 12.
Jump up ^ Wan, p. 307.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 78(1).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 78(2).
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution, Art. 78(3).
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution, Art. 78(5).
Jump up ^ Marshall, "Paper II", p. 13.
Jump up ^ When the number of clear days between two events is calculated, the days on which the events happen and any intervening Saturday, Sunday or public holiday are excluded: Standing Orders of the Parliament of Singapore (2010 Ed.), Standing Order 1(2), archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
Jump up ^ S.O. 83(1)(a) and 83(2)(a)–(e).
Jump up ^ Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", p. 4.
Jump up ^ S.O. 83(1)(b) and 83(3).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 78(6)(c).
Jump up ^ Tan Seow Hon (1995), "The Constitution as 'Comforter'? – An Assessment of the Safeguards in Singapore's Constitutional System", Singapore Law Review, 16: 104–156 at 128 .
Jump up ^ Thio Su Mien, "Paper I", p. 7.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Arts. 78(7)(a)–(c).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 78(8).
^ Jump up to: a b Tan Seow Hon, p. 128.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 79.
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 80(1).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 80(2).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 80(5).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 80(4).
Jump up ^ Constitution, Art. 18(1)(c).
Jump up ^ Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Cap. 167A, 2001 Rev. Ed.) ("MRHA").
Jump up ^ MRHA, ss. 3(2) and (3).
Jump up ^ MRHA, s. 3(5).
Jump up ^ MRHA, s. 3(6).
Jump up ^ Mak, p. 115.
Jump up ^ [Report of the] Constitutional Commission, Singapore [chairman: George William Rendel], Singapore: Printed by Government Printer, 1954, paras. 85–86, OCLC 46623058 .
Jump up ^ Constitutional Commission Report 1966, para. 49.
Jump up ^ Mak, p. 11.
^ Jump up to: a b Thio Li-ann, "The Constitutional Framework of Powers, p. 102.
Jump up ^ Neo, pp. 249–250.
Jump up ^ Khoo, "Paper III", p. 17.
References[edit]
Legislation[edit]
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Reprint).
Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Cap. 167A, 2001 Rev. Ed.) ("MRHA").
Standing Orders of the Parliament of Singapore (2010 Ed.), archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
Other works[edit]
Khoo, Francis Kah Siang (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper III", Singapore Law Review, 1: 14–19 .
Mak, Andrew Yen-Chen (1992), "The Need for a Second Chamber in Singapore", Singapore Law Review, 13: 109–131 .
Marshall, David S[aul] (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper II", Singapore Law Review, 1: 9–13 .
Neo, Jaclyn Ling-Chien (2009), "The Protection of Minorities and the Constitution: A Judicious Balance?", in Thio, Li-ann; Tan, Kevin Y[ew] L[ee], eds., Evolution of a Revolution: Forty Years of the Singapore Constitution, Singapore: Routledge-Cavendish, pp. 234–259, ISBN 978-0-415-43862-9 CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link).
Report of the Constitutional Commission, 1966 [chairman: Wee Chong Jin C.J.], Singapore: Government Printer, 1966, OCLC 51640681 .
Tan, Kevin Y[ew] L[ee]; Thio, Li-ann (2010), "The Legislature", Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rd ed.), Singapore: LexisNexis, pp. 299–359, ISBN 978-981-236-795-2 .
Tan, Seow Hon (1995), "The Constitution as 'Comforter'? – An Assessment of the Safeguards in Singapore's Constitutional System", Singapore Law Review, 16: 104–156 .
Thio, Su Mien (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper I", Singapore Law Review, 1: 2–8 .
Wan, Wai Yee (1994), "Recent Changes to the Westminster System of Government and Government Accountability", Singapore Law Review, 15: 297–332 .
Further reading[edit]
Articles and websites[edit]
De Cruz, Gerald (1969), "[The Presidential Council:] Paper IV", Singapore Law Review, 1: 20–25 .
Tan, Eugene; Chan, Gary (25 September 2007), "The Legislature", The Singapore Legal System, Singaporelaw.sg, Singapore Academy of Law, archived from the original on 24 July 2011, retrieved 30 September 2011 .
Tan, Yee Lin (31 October 2009), The Presidential Council for Minority Rights, Singapore Infopedia, National Library Board, archived from the original on 28 September 2011, retrieved 28 September 2011 .
Books[edit]
Tommy Koh, ed. (2006), "Presidential Council for Minority Rights", Singapore: The Encyclopedia, Singapore: Editions Didier Millet in association with the National Heritage Board, p. 422, ISBN 978-981-4155-63-2, archived from the original on 11 May 2012 .
Report of the Select Committee on the Constitution (Amendment) Bill [Parl. 7 of 1969], Singapore: Printed by Tan Boon Poh, Acting Government Printer, 1969 .
Tan, Kevin (1999), "Parliament and the Making of Law in Singapore", in Tan, Kevin Y[ew] L[ee], ed., The Singapore Legal System (2nd ed.), Singapore: Singapore University Press, pp. 123–159, ISBN 978-9971-69-213-1 CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link).
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Kyla
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the singer. For the FM station holding the KYLA callsign, see KYLA.
For other people named Kyla, see Kyla (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with British singer Kyla, featured in Drake's song, One Dance.
In this Philippine name for married women, the birth middle name or maternal family name is Hernandez, the birth surname or paternal family name is Calumpad, and the marital name is Alvarez.
Kyla
Born
Melanie Hernandez Calumpad
(1981-01-05) January 5, 1981 (age 37)
Manila, Philippines
Residence
Manila, Philippines
Other names
Philippines' Queen of R&B, R&B Princess, Soul Princess
Occupation
Singer
songwriter
producer
television host
actress
Years active
2000–present
Agent
Cornerstone Talent Management Center (2015-present)
ALV Talent Circuit (2010-2013)
Spouse(s)
Rich Alvarez (m. 2011)
Children
1
Musical career
Genres
R&B, pop, soul, jazz
Instruments
Vocals (coloratura soprano), piano
Labels
Star Music (2016-present)
EMI & PolyEast Records (2000–2016)
Tarra Group Indonesia (2010–2013) [1]
Website
Website
Instagram Account (Official)
Twitter Account (Official)
YouTube (Official)

Melanie "Kyla" Alvarez (born Melanie Hernandez Calumpad on 5 January 1981), better known by her stage name Kyla, is a Filipino R&B singer-songwriter, occasional actress and presenter.
Kyla began her career in 2000 under OctoArts EMI Philippines and rose to prominence with the release of her second single "Hanggang Ngayon" (English translation: "Until Now"). The song won the MTV Viewers' Choice for Southeast Asia at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards making her the first East Asian female artist to win at the MTV Video Music Awards[2][3]
Known in the Philippines as "the Queen of R&B",[4][5] her work has earned her several achievements, including a star on the Walk of Fame in the Philippines, an MTV Video Music Award, twelve Awit Awards, four MTV Philippines Music Award, and six MYX Music Awards. She was honored by the Philippines Society of Composers, Singers, and Publishers for her contributions to music as one of the first pioneers of R&B music in the country.
In 2015, Kyla signed with Cornerstone Talent Management Center and transferred to ABS-CBN after over 15 years with GMA Network. Kyla signed a contract with Star Music after 16 years with PolyEast Records (EMI Philippines) on December 6, 2016 [6]

Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life and discovery
1.2 2000–2003: Debut, early success, and international work
1.2.1 Way to Your Heart
1.2.2 Kyla
1.2.3 I Will Be There
1.3 2004–2006: Not Your Ordinary Girl and Beautiful Days
1.4 2007–2009: Heartfelt and Heart 2 Heart
1.5 2010–2013: Private Affair, international acclaim and collaborations, and hiatus
1.5.1 Short hiatus
1.6 2014: Comeback with Journey and Philpop 2014
1.7 2015–present: Cornerstone Talent Management and transfer to ABS-CBN and Star Music
2 Artistry
2.1 Music and voice
3 Personal life
3.1 Marriage
3.1.1 Engagement and wedding
3.1.1.1 Broadcasting
4 Discography
5 Filmography
5.1 Television dramas
5.2 Television shows
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Biography[edit]
Early life and discovery[edit]
Born Melanie Hernandez Calumpad in Tondo, Manila, she was weaned on her parent's old school soul and jazz records — Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, and Aretha Franklin — Melanie soon developed an affinity for singing, hogging the mic every single chance she gets. By her 10th birthday, Melanie was already joining many prestigious TV singing contests. "Tanghalan ng Kampeon" was her first singing contest but on DZRH "Hamon sa Kampeon" was her first win in 1991. She was lording over "Tanghalan ng Kampeon" for six straight weeks, and with her powerful interpretation of Jennifer Holliday's "I Am Changing" became the show's grand champion in 1993.[7] She graduated high school at San Sebastian College - Recoletos and earned her bachelor's degree of BS Mass Communication in Philippine Christian University.[8]
Veteran director Al Quinn saw her potential, and encouraged her to join the immensely popular Wednesday group of That's Entertainment, an afternoon variety show on GMA Network using her real name, Melanie, as her screen name. Melanie represented the country in the Fourth Yamaha Music Quest on August 1995 in Japan, where she interpreted the Vehnee Saturno original, "Only World". [9]
In 1997, she brought home the third prize trophy in the Metropop Young Singers' Competition (later renamed Metropop Star Search). Soon GMA's Infiniti Records offered Melanie, along with fellow Metropop Star Search winners Carmela Cunta and Jonard Yanzon, to wax a couple of songs for a compilation album, Kung Umiibig. She recorded two solo tracks: "I Wish You Love" and "Kung Magkikita Tayo Muli", which would later re-emerge as a Vina Morales signature hit, "Muli".[citation needed]
Armed with "One More Try", composed by Raymund Ryan Santes, she again joined the Metropop Song Festival in 2000. The song failed to make it in the Top 12m but did make it to EMI, whose manager, Francis Guevarra, signed her to a recording deal with EMI Philippines in April 2000. She was given the stage name Kyla. [10]
2000–2003: Debut, early success, and international work[edit]
Way to Your Heart[edit]
Kyla made her big debut in 2000 with Way To Your Heart with its hit carrier single, "Bring It On." The album brought out the realization that yes, the country's first honest-to-goodness R&B has arrived. Comparisons to R&B super stars Brandy and Aaliyah began to surface.[citation needed]
However, it was her second single, the piano-driven ballad "Hanggang Ngayon" that turned out to be Kyla's breakthrough hit, topping a host of FM radio charts. The song's music video, which was directed by Lyle Sacris, further boosted the song's popularity. The video won for Kyla an award at the MTV Video Music Awards and two big honors trophies at the 2001 MTV Pilipinas Awards: Best New Artist and Video of the year. Her video even went on to win the MTV Southeast Asia Video Music Award. Along with Lea Salonga and Regine Velasquez, Kyla was listed as Best Female Singer in a survey held by popular teen magazine Meg in her first full year in the music business alone. Kyla has six Awit Awards, including Best New Female Artist. FM Radio station KF FM even hailed her as Breakthrough Artist of the Year.[citation needed] On 21 October 2001, she joined the Himig Handog Sa Makabagong Kabataan song contest as one of the interpreters for Jonathan Manalo's song "Tara Tena" with Kaya and V3. The entry was eventually proclaimed the winner. [11]
Kyla[edit]
Kyla opened 2002 with a bang, receiving the award for Female Artist of the Year from two of the country's most popular radio stations Magic 89.9. and Monster Radio RX 93.1. She was invited to perform at the MTV Asia Awards with British boy band Blue. Her self-titled album was released in 2002 which marked her debut as a songwriter, penning two compositions: "I'm Into You" and "This Day". She collaborated with Malaysian R&B artist, Ferhad for his single "What More". She joined the noontime variety show SOP as a regular host on 14 April 2002.[citation needed]
I Will Be There[edit]
Kyla's third album, I Will Be There became one of her most respected albums to date. The album showcased Kyla's versatility with R&B tracks "Bounce" and "I Will Find You" to ballad songs such as "I Will be There" and "Bakit Wala Ka Pa". The title track is penned by Mr. Ogie Alcasid, while "Naghihintay Lamang" is written by Janno Gibbs and "Feel So Good" by Rhada. There are a couple of reunions in "I Will Be There", as well. First is with Mr. Pure Energy Gary Valenciano as they do a duet with "Sana Maulit Muli". After their performance at the MTV Awards, Blue collaborated with Kyla on "Flexin'". In 2003, she performed with British boy band Blue at the MTV Asia Awards in Singapore singing their hit single "One Love". Irish singer Ronan Keating of the Boyzone performed with Kyla at the Araneta Coliseum on 13 February 2003.[12]
On 29 November 2003, Kyla reunited with Jonathan Manalo and made a return to the Metropop Song Festival to interpret "Buti Na Lang", which eventually finished in third place. Kyla made special appearances in sitcoms and made her acting debut in the telenovela Narito Ang Puso Ko as Melanie. On 19 June 2003, she portrayed the life story of Sarah Geronimo in Magpakailanman (Pangarap Na Bituin: The Sarah Geronimo Story) which served as its first high-rated episode for season 2, beating Maalaala Mo Kaya with 28% ratings in the AGB Nielsen Philippines. [13]
2004–2006: Not Your Ordinary Girl and Beautiful Days[edit]
She co-hosted GMA Channel 7's defunct Sunday variety show SOP. She opened 2004 with her birthday celebration at SOP with a surprise duet from American singer-songwriter and producer, Keith Martin. Kyla had included one of his songs in her Perfectly Acoustic compilation album released December 2003. In May 2004, she released her biggest-selling album to date, Not Your Ordinary Girl. The album spawned five singles "Because Of You", "Human Nature", "If the Feeling Is Gone", "Not Your Ordinary Girl", and "Till They Take My Heart Away", all of which were #1 hit singles.[14]
On 12 November 2004 Kyla held the Not Just Your Ordinary Girl concert at the Araneta Coliseum. It was a certified sold out concert as well.[15] The same year, she opened for Alicia Keys Live in Manila at the Araneta Coliseum. From 2006-07, Kyla hosted Popstar Kids, a talent search for potential kids aired on QTV that produced teen singing sensation Julie Anne San Jose. In June 2006, Kyla released her fifth album under EMI Phils, Beautiful Days. The album features the popular single "Ngayong Wala Ka Na".[citation needed]
2007–2009: Heartfelt and Heart 2 Heart[edit]
In 2007, she released her sixth album, Heartfelt. Her first album of remakes, Heartfelt contained 17 tracks, 16 of which are remakes including hit singles "I Don't Want You to Go", "Love Will Lead You Back" and "It's Over Now", as well as an original composition, "Someone"[16]
Kyla and Jay R also were given their own segment at SOP Rules called "Souled Out" which aired on GMA Network every Sunday. On 13 October 2007 (14 October in the Philippines), she sang the Philippine National Anthem in Manny Pacquiao versus Marco Antonio Barrera fight at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas, Nevada.[17]
After Heartfelt, she released and co-produced her seventh album, 2008's Heart 2 Heart. The album produced the 2009 singles "Old Friend" and "Back in Time", written by Jay-R. "You Make Me Feel", written by Kyla and Jay R, won "Best R&B song at Awit Awards while "Back in Time" won OPM Song of the Year at the RX 93.1 Awards and Best Collaboration Award at the Wave 89.1 Urban Music Awards. In 2010, "Back in Time" also won "Favorite Song" at the MYX Music Awards.[citation needed]
2010–2013: Private Affair, international acclaim and collaborations, and hiatus[edit]
On 14 February 2010, she joined other artists for a special Valentine's Day concert. Kyla received nominations at 2010 MYX Music Awards including Favorite Female Artist, Favorite Mellow Video for Old Friend, Favorite Collaboration and Favorite Song for Back in Time with Jay R, and Favorite Remake for the album Heart 2 Heart[18] In celebration of a 10-year prominence in the music industry, PolyEast Records released 27 of the "R&B royalty's" biggest hits in a two-CD compilation: Essence of Soul: The Hits Collection along with a new song, "Hanggang Wakas", a duet with Malaysian pop-R&B artist Hazami. Kyla is a regular performer-host of GMA's Sunday variety show Party Pilipinas.[19] At this time, Kyla's tandem with Rachelle Ann Go (collectively known as "ShinKy") became popular at Party Pilipinas. On 29 November 2010, she and longtime music partner Jay R held a concert at the Music Museum, entitled "Soulmates". At that time, the two signed a contract with Terra Group in Indonesia.[1]
While recording an album in Indonesia and Malaysia[20] Her album, Private Affair, was released on 30 November 2010 under EMI and PolyEast Records. Its first single is "Mahal Kita (Di Mo Pansin)". Its second single, "Don't Tie Me Down", was released in January. Kyla was a featured artist in Indonesian R&B artist Joeniar Arief's new album Melayang Tinggi. The official music video for his third single "Indah Cinta Kita" featuring Kyla was released on first week of August 2011 and became a big hit in Indonesia.[21]
Michael Bolton and David Foster conveyed their admiration for Kyla's singing prowess upon hearing her sing "I Will Always Love You".[22] Brian McKnight also expressed his desire to work with Kyla, referring to her as his "new favorite female vocalist". He wrote a song for her entitled "My Heart", which Kyla performed for the first time on November 6, 2011 at Party Pilipinas.[22][23]
Before marrying Rich Alvarez, Kyla held a concert at Teatrino, Greenhills on 11 November 2011 called Depidida de Soltera.[24]
Kyla was one of the cast of GMA Network's Primetime Time of My Life, the first ever dance themed series on Philippine Television. On 11 December 2011, Kyla sang the Philippine National Anthem in Brian Viloria versus Giovanni Segura boxing match at the Ynares Sports Arena in Pasig, Philippines. Kyla was one of the guests of Ogie Alcasid and Regine Velasquez concert at Araneta Coliseum, Philippines on 14 February 2012, Mr. and Mrs. A. She sang Regine Velasquez's hit "Narito Ako".[25]
On 16 March 2012, Brian McKnight performed "How do You Keep the Music Playing" with Kyla at his concert at the Araneta Coliseum.[26]
Kyla recorded "Huling Sayaw" with rock band Kamikazee for the band's new album, Romantico. Released in April 2012, the song went on to be one of Kamikazee's most successful singles.[27] "Huling Sayaw" won "Favorite Rock Video" at the 8th MYX Music Awards and was also nominated for "Favorite Collaboration".
On 1 June 2012, Christian Bautista and Kyla joined Vietnamese pop singers Tung Duong and Thanh Lam as they performed at the White Palace Convention Center in Ho Chi Minh City. Christian and Kyla were received warmly by the mostly Vietnamese members of the diplomatic corps, government officials and the private sector. Christian sang I Believe I Can Fly and Can't Take My Eyes Off You, and Kyla sang Emotions and a Barbra Streisand medley. Then, they did a duet of We Could Be In Love before singing We Are The World with Tung Duong and Thanh Lam.[28]
Kyla and Jay-R showcased the Filipino's world-renowned musicality when they performed at the Philippine National Day of World Expo 2012 held in Yeosu, South Korea on 22 July 2012.[29]
Kyla interpreted the song "Be My Everything" originally written by Jessa Mae Gabon during A Song of Praise (ASOP) Music Festival 2012, the Philippines' first praise song competition on television. It was held at The Araneta Coliseum on 24 September 2012. ASOP music festival was an anticipated biannual event at MCGI and is in continued search for best praise songs from composers within the organization alongside ASOP TV.[30] She was a guest performer at Rachelle Ann Go's Rise Against Gravity concert at the Music Museum on 26 October 2012.
South Korean idol singer Jun.K of the boy band 2PM also expressed his wish to meet Kyla referring to her as "his favorite singer" during his visit to the Philippines in March 2013.[31]
Short hiatus[edit]
On 28 October 2012, Kyla and husband Rich Alvarez announced that they are expecting their first baby at Party Pilipinas stating that they have "received the most beautiful blessing". At the time of the announcement, she was three months pregnant[32] She remained a regular host and performer at Party Pilipinas until March 2013. She gave birth to a baby boy.[33]
2014: Comeback with Journey and Philpop 2014[edit]
Shortly after her return to variety show Sunday All Stars in late 2013, Kyla began recording a new album. In March 2014, Kyla renewed her contract with EMI Philippines/PolyEast Records. She performed her new single "Kunwa-Kunwari Lang" on the 8 April episode of Myx Philippines's Myx VJ Search. On 10 April, PolyEast Records released a lyric video of the single. On 24 April, PolyEast announced that Journey was released 10 May 2014.[34]
Kyla performed on MYX Live! on 21 May. During a guest appearance at DZMM the following day, she revealed the already popular track "Dito Na Lang" as the follow-up single of the album. On 29 May, it was announced that she would be taking part on the third Philippine Popular Music Festival as the interpreter for composer Jungee Marcelo's song entry entitled "Salbabida". The festival took place on 26 July, where Kyla and the other interpreters performed the song live in Meralco Theater (there was a delayed telecast though), in front of the panel of judges. The song eventually took home the grand prize winner. The day after her victory on Philpop 2014 (27 July 2014), Kyla had a mini-concert in Zirkoh Tomas Morato entitled "Kyla: A Beautiful Journey" which gave her a Best Performance in Concert (Female Category) nomination in the 27th Aliw Awards to be announced on 1 December 2014 in Newport Performing Arts Theater in Resorts World Manila.[citation needed]
While Kyla still regularly performs at Sunday noon-time variety show Sunday All Stars, she is no longer an exclusive artist for GMA Network. On 21–22 July, she made a guest appearance at Kris TV. Aside from Myx, this was her first guest appearance at the ABS-CBN network since Morning Girls with Kris and Korina in 2004. She was invited back to Kris TV on August 1 and performed "Dance with My Father" and "Because You Loved Me" in the show's tribute to the late Corazon Aquino and Benigno Aquino, Jr. as well as its 20–21 August episode. Kyla made a guest appearance at ABS-CBN's Umagang Kay Ganda on 4 August. She performed Sheena Easton's "It's Christmas (All Over The World)" and Gary Valenciano's "Pasko Na, Sinta Ko".
Kyla was invited to perform at the 11th Asia Song Festival on November 2 at the Asiad Main Stadium in South Korea[35] She sang her songs "Don't Tie Me Down" and "My Heart". KBS aired the event on November 8. Kyla performed her single "Dito Na Lang" and "Huling Sayaw" (English translation: "Last Dance") with rock band Kamikazee at Myx Mo! 2014 at the Araneta Coliseum on 11 November.
2015–present: Cornerstone Talent Management and transfer to ABS-CBN and Star Music[edit]
On 21 January 2015, she joined Cornerstone Talent Management Center.[36] She gave her last performance at Sunday All Stars on 1 February. On 2 February, she performed at the Concert of Dreams, with Gary Valenciano, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Jed Madela, Kelly Rowland, and Ne-Yo. During an interview with the Manila Bulletin, Kyla revealed that she intended to switch to ABS-CBN.[37][38] She remains a recurring guest at Kris TV and has made guest appearances at various shows including Aquino & Abunda Tonight, It's Showtime, Banana Split, and Gandang Gabi Vice. She made her first appearance at ASAP on its 20th anniversary on 22 February.[39] In March 2015, she recorded her first teleserye drama theme song with ABS-CBN for the TV series On the Wings of Love.[40]
Kyla celebrated 15 years in the music industry with an album to be released in September and major concert on November 20, 2015.[41][42][43] Kyla launched her first YouTube channel in February 2016, featuring collaborations with other singers (known as "Kylaborations").[44] Kyla performs at ASAP with fellow R&B artists Jay R, KZ Tandingan, Jason Dy and Daryl Ong as part of the group ASAP Soul Sessions. The group disbanded in late 2017, after being replaced by ASAP Jambayan.
On November 11, 2016, Kyla performed at the Smart Araneta Coliseum on 11 November 2016, with her co-DIVAS, Yeng Constantino, KZ Tandingan and Angeline Quinto. (Rachelle Ann Go was supposed to be also part of the lineup, until she was withdrawn due to international commitments). The concert is expected for a return in November 2018.
On December 6, 2016, Kyla signed a contract with Star Music after 16 years with PolyEast Records / EMI Philippines [6] The label then announced that she will release an album in the third quarter of 2017, but was delayed. On January 15, 2018, Star Music announced that Kyla will have double-lead singles and released the teaser for the first, entitled “Only Gonna Love You." The single was released on January 19th, while the second lead single, "Fix You And Me" was released on February 2nd. Star Music announced that the album, Kyla (The Queen of R&B), will be released on March 17, 2018 but was delayed to April due to "health reasons." On April 16, her management confirmed that Kyla suffered a miscarriage in March. [45] Less than a day after its release, the album became #1 selling album on iTunes Philippines and was sold out at the album launch on April 15th. [45]
Artistry[edit]
Music and voice[edit]
Kyla remains one of the most prominent singers in the Philippines due to her "distinct voice". She is known for the "airy and raspy" quality of her singing voice, her soulful and R&B style of singing, her head tone and wide range, her use of Category 5 vocal style known as melisma, her versatility, and her ability to scat. In 2010, she sang Ella Fitzgerald's version of "How High the Moon", scatting for seven minutes.[46]
Often mistakenly classified as a dramatic coloratura, Kyla actually possesses a lyric coloratura soprano voice with a vocal range spanning more than 4 octaves (C3 to C7), hitting a solid F5 chest voice in her songs such as "Buti Na Lang", F#5 in "Atin ang Walang Hanggan", a G5 in "Mahal Kita (Di Mo Pansin)" and a G#5 in her live cover of Aretha Franklin's version of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow".[47]
Personal life[edit]
Kyla graduated from Philippine Christian University with a bachelor's degree in mass communication. Her father is a lawyer and, she has three siblings. As a songwriter, she is known for writing and singing female-empowerment themed compositions taken from personal experiences, gospel, and inspirational music such as her acclaimed songs "Always on Time" and "I'm All Yours". Kyla interpreted "Be My Everything", originally written by Jessa Mae Gabon during A Song of Praise (ASOP) Music Festival 2012. She also sang "His Eye is on the Sparrow" at a benefit concert[48]
Marriage[edit]
In 2005, Kyla began dating PBA player Rich Alvarez. Their relationship was closely followed by the media. After six years of dating, the couple announced their engagement on 10 February 2011.[49] During her announcement at Party Pilipinas, Kyla performed her song, "Beautiful Days". Upon revealing their engagement video in July Party Pilipinas, she performed "Another You".[50] On 23 October, Kyla and Jay R performed their last duet together before Kyla's marriage.[51]
On 6 November 2011, Kyla sang a song written for her by Brian McKnight, "My Heart", which became her wedding song.[52]
Engagement and wedding[edit]
Though Kyla and Rich were both very much involved in the wedding preparations, the couple preferred to keep the wedding itself and the details at a very low key[53][54]
Kyla mentioned that she would not be singing at her wedding as she wants her friends to sing for her at this time.[55] Following the release of their engagement video in Party Pilipinas on July 2011, Kyla revealed that the wedding would take place on 28 November 2011[50] at Santuario de San Antonio, a church between Forbes Park and Dasmariñas Village in Makati City.[56][57]
Broadcasting[edit]
A day after the ceremony, a church wedding video was released featuring the song Beautiful Days, the song Kyla wrote for Rich five years ago.[56]
GMA Network aired "A Beautiful Day: Kyla & Rich Alvarez Wedding Day TV special" on 10–11 December 2011, including the couple's personal story. On 13 March 2014, Kyla admitted to having first married Rich in secret prior to their November 2011 wedding. The two originally tied the knot in April 2011 through a civil wedding ceremony.[58]
Kyla and Rich had her first child, Toby, in May 2013. [33] On April 16, 2018, her management confirmed that Kyla suffered a miscarriage in March 2018. [45]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Kyla discography
Studio albums
Way to Your Heart (2000)
Kyla (2002)
I Will Be There (2003)
Not Your Ordinary Girl (2004)
Beautiful Days (2006)
Heartfelt (2007)
Heart 2 Heart (2008)
Private Affair (2010)
Kyla (The Queen of R&B) (2018)
Extended plays
Journey (2014)
Compilation albums
Kyla At Her Best : The Fan-Made Album (2007)
Heartsongs: Deluxe Edition (2009)
Essence Of Soul: The Hits Collection (2010)
My Very Best" (2015)
Filmography[edit]
Television dramas[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Network
2018 Since I Found You Theme Song Singer ABS-CBN 2017 Till I Met You Theme Song Singer ABS-CBN
2016 On the Wings of Love Wedding Singer
2013 Villa Quintana Ruby GMA Network
2011 Time of My Life Elaine
2010 Diva Herself/Cameo
2009 Dear Friend: The Bachelor Sarah Ocampo
2004 Narito Ang Puso Ko Melani
Magpakailanman: The Sarah Geronimo Story Sarah Geronimo
Television shows[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Network
2017 I Can See Your Voice Guest artist ABS-CBN
2016–present Showtime Tawag ng Tanghalan Judge
2016 We Love OPM Guest Mentor
2015–present ASAP Herself / Performer
2014 Talentadong Pinoy Talent Scout TV5
2013–14 Sunday All Stars Herself / Performer GMA Network
2012 Myx Music Awards Performer Myx
2010–2013 Party Pilipinas Herself / Performer GMA Network
2010 MYX Celebrity VJ Myx
2009
MYX Music Awards Performer
Celebrity Duets (season 1, 2, and 3) Celebrity Duet Partner GMA Network
2008
2007
Popstar Kids (season 2) Host QTV
2005 MYX Celebrity VJ Myx
All Star K! Campus Crushes GMA Network
Bubble Gang Herself
Popstar Kids (season 1) Host QTV
2004 Morning Girls with Kris and Korina Herself / Guest ABS-CBN
2001–2010 SOP Herself / Performer GMA Network
2001–2010 SiS Herself / Guest
2001–2014 Walang Tulugan with the Master Showman
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Kyla
Kyla has been the recipient of an MTV Video Music Award, twelve Awit Awards, four MTV Philippines Music Award, and six MYX Music Awards amongst many others. She was honored by the Philippines Society of Composers, Singers, and Publishers for her contributions to music as one of the first pioneers of R&B music in the country.[59]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Kyla Takes Centerstage At Asia Song Festival 2014 In South Korea|PEP.ph: The Number One Site for Philippine Showbiz. PEP.ph; retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "OPM Kyla – Melanie Hernandez Calumpad – Bio, Songs and Lyrics". Filipinomusica.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Llanera, Melba R. (March 31, 2015). "Kyla happy but still nervous about being Kapamilya". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cagape, Kristhoff. "EXCLUSIVE: Kyla reacts to being tagged as 'Queen of R&B'". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Welcome To Star Music, Kyla!", http://starmusic.abs-cbn.com/, 6 December 2016; accessed 6 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kyla Songs, Pictures, Videos, Latest News, and More". Celebritiesph.com. 5 December 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wholesome Kyla - Philstar.com". philstar.com.
Jump up ^ "Brod Atty. Ulysis Calumpad: Dad of a Diva". December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "EMI Phils. announces Kyla's Recall show - Philstar.com". philstar.com.
Jump up ^ PH, One Music. "A Look Back at the "Tara Tena" Winning Moment". One Music PH.
Jump up ^ "He does what he does and it's fun! - Philstar.com". philstar.com.
Jump up ^ Erece, Dinno. ""Magpakailanman" airs its last original episode".
Jump up ^ "Not your ordinary girl - Philstar.com". philstar.com.
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Jump up ^ "KYLA » Blog Archive » KYLA's latest album HEARTFELT debuts at #1". Polyeastrecords.com. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kyla 'pressured and flattered' to sing "Lupang Hinirang" at Pacquiao-Barrera fight". PEP.ph. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "MYX Music Awards 2010 to take place tonight at the Music Museum". PEP.ph. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kyla releases all hits album, Essence of Soul". Mb.com.ph. July 27, 2010. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jay-R, Kyla go big in Indonesia". Mb.com.ph. 26 November 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kyla dominating Indonesian Airwaves". Iheartkapuso.blogspot.com. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kyla wowed Michael Bolton and David Foster". Bleetz.wordpress.com. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Brian McKnight writing a song for Kyla". Iheartkapuso.blogspot.com. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kyla shares wedding details". Mb.com.ph. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mr. and Mrs. A sing more than 40 songs". PEP.ph. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Brian McKnight mesmerizes Filipinos anew with one-night concert at the Big Dome". PEP.ph. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Kamikazee Releases Video For Third Single "Huling Sayaw" Feat, Myxph.com (30 June 2012); retrieved 5 May 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Huge Performances Seen at ASOP TV's Finals Night", Kuyadanielrazon.wordpress.com (25 September 2012); retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ 2PM in Manila,Philippines – 24Oras, YouTube.com (2 March 2013); retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Kyla announces pregnancy, Ph.omg.yahoo.com (28 October 2012); retrieved 5 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Baby boy for Kyla and Rich Alvarez", Gmanetwork.com (9 May 2013); retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ PolyEast Records on Twitter: "Excited to annouce [sic] the release of @Kylareal's Journey album on May 10 Venice Piazza and May 11 Eastwood Central Plaza at 6pm. #kylaJourney". Twitter; retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Kyla Joins 2014 Asia Song Festival Line-up Along With EXO-K, BLOCK B, Girl's Day And More. Thedigitalspy.com (18 October 2014); retrieved 5 May 2015.
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Jump up ^ ABS-CBN Entertainment (November 29, 2015). "The best of the best OPM artists in one extraordinary vocal showdown". Retrieved July 2, 2016 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Kyla records theme song", abs-cbnnews.com, 19 March 2015; accessed 15 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kyla Celebrates 15 Years of Music with A Special Anniversary Concert". August 8, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
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Jump up ^ "Instagram photo by Melanie C. Alvarez • Sep 4, 2015 at 1:12am UTC". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "KYLA Official". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c News, Miguel Dumaual, ABS-CBN. "Kyla breaks down during performance as she reveals tragedy".
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^ Jump up to: a b "Another You (Brian McKnight) Cover by KYLA". YouTube. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
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Jump up ^ "24oras: Kyla, nagkwento tungkol sa nalalapit na kasal". Gmanews.tv. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kyla And Rich Alvarez's Church Wedding Video". PEP.ph. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
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Jump up ^ She is also known for the hit song One Dance by Drake Profile Archived July 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., interaksyon.com; accessed 15 June 2015.
External links[edit]
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Time of My Life (2011 TV series)

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Myx Music Awards

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