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Loving v. Virginia
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Loving v. Virginia
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued April 10, 1967
Decided June 12, 1967
Full case name
Richard Perry Loving, Mildred Jeter Loving v. Virginia
Citations
388 U.S. 1 (more)
87 S. Ct. 1817; 18 L. Ed. 2d 1010; 1967 U.S. LEXIS 1082
Argument
Oral argument
Prior history
Defendants convicted, Caroline County Circuit Court (January 6, 1959); motion to vacate judgment denied, Caroline County Circuit Court (January 22, 1959); affirmed in part, reversed and remanded, 147 S.E.2d 78 (Va. 1966)
Holding
Bans on interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection Clause.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Earl Warren
Associate Justices
Hugo Black · William O. Douglas
Tom C. Clark · John M. Harlan II
William J. Brennan, Jr. · Potter Stewart
Byron White · Abe Fortas
Case opinions
Majority
Warren, joined unanimously
Concurrence
Stewart
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. XIV; Va. Code §§ 20–58, 20–59
This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings
Pace v. Alabama (1883)
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.
The case was brought by Mildred Loving (née Jeter), a black woman, and Richard Loving, a white man, who had been sentenced to a year in prison in Virginia for marrying each other. Their marriage violated the state's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which prohibited marriage between people classified as "white" and people classified as "colored". The Supreme Court's unanimous decision determined that this prohibition was unconstitutional, overruling Pace v. Alabama (1883) and ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.
The decision was followed by an increase in interracial marriages in the U.S., and is remembered annually on Loving Day, June 12. It has been the subject of several songs and three movies, including the 2016 film Loving. Beginning in 2013, it was cited as precedent in U.S. federal court decisions holding restrictions on same-sex marriage in the United States unconstitutional, including in the 2015 Supreme Court decision Obergefell v. Hodges.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States
1.2 Plaintiffs
2 Criminal proceedings
2.1 Appellate proceedings
3 Precedents
4 Decision
5 Implications of the decision
5.1 For interracial marriage
5.2 For same-sex marriage
6 Remembrance and representation in popular culture
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
9.1 Links with the text of the court's decision
9.2 Other external links
Background[edit]
Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States[edit]
Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States had been in place in certain states since colonial days. Marriage to a slave was never legal.[citation needed] In the Reconstruction Era in 1865, the Black Codes across the seven states of the lower South made intermarriage illegal. The new Republican legislatures in six states repealed the restrictive laws. After the Democrats returned to power, the restriction was reimposed.[citation needed]
A major concern was how to draw the line between black and white in a society in which white men had many children with black slave women.[citation needed] On the one hand, a person's reputation as black or white was usually decisive in practical matters. On the other hand, most laws used a "one drop of blood" rule, which meant that one black ancestor made a person black in the view of the law.[1]
In 1967, 16 states, mainly Southern, still had anti-miscegenation laws.[2]
Plaintiffs[edit]
Mildred and Richard Loving in 1967
Mildred Delores Loving (née Jeter; July 22, 1939 – May 2, 2008) was the daughter of Musial (Byrd) Jeter and Theoliver Jeter.[3] Her husband was Richard Perry Loving (October 29, 1933 – June 29, 1975),[4] a white man, and the son of Lola (Allen) Loving and Twillie Loving. Mildred was African-American, and also had Cherokee and Rappahannock Native American ancestry.[5][6][7] Her race has been a point of confusion – during the trial, it seemed clear that she identified herself as black, especially as far as her own lawyer was concerned. However, upon her arrest, the police report identifies her as "Indian." She said in a 2004 interview, "I am not black." A factor contributing to the confusion is that it was seen at the time of her arrest as advantageous to be "anything but black."[8]
Richard Loving died aged 41 in 1975, when a drunk driver struck his car in Caroline County, Virginia.[9] Mildred Loving lost her right eye in the same accident. She died of pneumonia on May 2, 2008, in Milford, Virginia, aged 68.[10] The couple had three children: Donald, Peggy, and Sidney.[11]
Criminal proceedings[edit]
At the age of 18, Mildred became pregnant. In June 1958, the couple traveled to Washington, D.C. to marry, thereby evading Virginia's Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which made marriage between whites and non-whites a crime.[12] They returned to the small town of Central Point, Virginia. Based on an anonymous tip,[13] local police raided their home in the early morning hours of July 11, 1958,[14] hoping to find them having sex, given that interracial sex was then also illegal in Virginia. When the officers found the Lovings sleeping in their bed, Mildred pointed out their marriage certificate on the bedroom wall. They were told the certificate was not valid in the Commonwealth.
The Lovings were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified miscegenation as a felony, punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years.
On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pled guilty to "cohabiting as man and wife, against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth." They were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended on condition that the couple leave Virginia and not return together for at least 25 years. After their conviction, the couple moved to the District of Columbia.[15][16]
Appellate proceedings[edit]
In 1964, frustrated by their inability to travel together to visit their families in Virginia, as well as their social isolation and financial difficulties in Washington, Mildred Loving wrote in protest to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.[17] Kennedy referred her to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).[13] The ACLU assigned volunteer cooperating attorneys Bernard S. Cohen and Philip J. Hirschkop, who filed a motion on behalf of the Lovings in the Virginia Caroline County Circuit Court, that requested the court to vacate the criminal judgments and set aside the Lovings' sentences on the grounds that the Virginia miscegenation statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
On October 28, 1964, after waiting almost a year for a response to their motion, the ACLU attorneys brought a class action suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This prompted the county court judge in the case, Leon M. Bazile, to issue a ruling on the long-pending motion to vacate. Echoing Johann Friedrich Blumenbach's 18th-century interpretation of race, the local court wrote:
Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, malay and red, and he placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with his arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that he separated the races shows that he did not intend for the races to mix.[18]
On January 22, 1965, a three-judge district court panel postponed decision on the federal class-action case while the Lovings appealed Judge Bazile's decision on constitutional grounds to the Virginia Supreme Court. Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes. While he upheld their criminal convictions, he directed that their sentence be modified.[19] Carrico cited as authority the Virginia Supreme Court's decision in Naim v. Naim (1955) and argued that the Lovings' case was not a violation of the Equal Protection Clause because both the white and the non-white spouse were punished equally for the crime of miscegenation, an argument similar to that made by the United States Supreme Court in 1883 in Pace v. Alabama.[20]
The Lovings, still supported by the ACLU, appealed the decision to the United States Supreme Court, where Virginia was represented by Robert McIlwaine of the state's attorney general's office. The Lovings did not attend the oral arguments in Washington,[21] but one of their lawyers, Bernard S. Cohen, conveyed the message he had been given by Richard Loving: "Mr. Cohen, tell the Court I love my wife, and it is just unfair that I can't live with her in Virginia."[22]
Precedents[edit]
U.S States, by the date of repeal of anti-miscegenation laws:
No laws passed
1780 to 1887
1948 to 1967
After 1967
Before Loving v. Virginia, there had been several cases on the subject of interracial sexual relations. Within the state of Virginia, on Oct. 3, 1878, in Kinney v. The Commonwealth, the Supreme Court of Virginia ruled that the marriage legalized in Washington, D.C. between Andrew Kinney, a black man, and Mahala Miller, a white woman, was “invalid” in Virginia.[23] In the national case of Pace v. Alabama (1883), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the conviction of an Alabama couple for interracial sex, affirmed on appeal by the Alabama Supreme Court, did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Interracial marital sex was deemed a felony, whereas extramarital sex ("adultery or fornication") was only a misdemeanor. On appeal, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the criminalization of interracial sex was not a violation of the equal protection clause because whites and non-whites were punished in equal measure for the offense of engaging in interracial sex. The court did not need to affirm the constitutionality of the ban on interracial marriage that was also part of Alabama's anti-miscegenation law, since the plaintiff, Mr. Pace, had chosen not to appeal that section of the law. After Pace v. Alabama, the constitutionality of anti-miscegenation laws banning marriage and sex between whites and non-whites remained unchallenged until the 1920s.
In Kirby v. Kirby (1921), Mr. Kirby asked the state of Arizona for an annulment of his marriage. He charged that his marriage was invalid because his wife was of "negro" descent, thus violating the state's anti-miscegenation law. The Arizona Supreme Court judged Mrs. Kirby's race by observing her physical characteristics and determined that she was of mixed race, therefore granting Mr. Kirby's annulment.[24]
In the Monks case (Estate of Monks, 4. Civ. 2835, Records of California Court of Appeals, Fourth district), the Superior Court of San Diego County in 1939 decided to invalidate the marriage of Marie Antoinette and Allan Monks because she was deemed to have "one eighth negro blood". The court case involved a legal challenge over the conflicting wills that had been left by the late Allan Monks; an old one in favor of a friend named Ida Lee, and a newer one in favor of his wife. Lee's lawyers charged that the marriage of the Monkses, which had taken place in Arizona, was invalid under Arizona state law because Marie Antoinette was "a Negro" and Alan had been white. Despite conflicting testimony by various expert witnesses, the judge defined Mrs. Monks' race by relying on the anatomical "expertise" of a surgeon. The judge ignored the arguments of an anthropologist and a biologist that it was impossible to tell a person's race from physical characteristics.[25]
Monks then challenged the Arizona anti-miscegenation law itself, taking her case to the California Court of Appeals, Fourth District. Monks' lawyers pointed out that the anti-miscegenation law effectively prohibited Monks as a mixed-race person from marrying anyone: "As such, she is prohibited from marrying a negro or any descendant of a negro, a Mongolian or an Indian, a Malay or a Hindu, or any descendants of any of them. Likewise ... as a descendant of a negro she is prohibited from marrying a Caucasian or a descendant of a Caucasian...." The Arizona anti-miscegenation statute thus prohibited Monks from contracting a valid marriage in Arizona, and was therefore an unconstitutional constraint on her liberty. However, the court dismissed this argument as inapplicable, because the case presented involved not two mixed-race spouses but a mixed-race and a white spouse: "Under the facts presented the appellant does not have the benefit of assailing the validity of the statute."[26] Dismissing Monks' appeal in 1942, the United States Supreme Court refused to reopen the issue.
The turning point came with Perez v. Sharp (1948), also known as Perez v. Lippold. In Perez, the Supreme Court of California recognized that bans on interracial marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution.
Decision[edit]
The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Lovings' convictions in a unanimous decision dated June 12, 1967,[27] dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race and providing identical penalties to white and black violators could not be construed as racially discriminatory.[28] The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Chief Justice Earl Warren's opinion for the unanimous court held that:
Marriage is one of the "basic civil rights of man," fundamental to our very existence and survival.... To deny this fundamental freedom on so unsupportable a basis as the racial classifications embodied in these statutes, classifications so directly subversive of the principle of equality at the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment, is surely to deprive all the State's citizens of liberty without due process of law. The Fourteenth Amendment requires that the freedom of choice to marry not be restricted by invidious racial discrimination. Under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State.
The court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy:
There is patently no legitimate overriding purpose independent of invidious racial discrimination which justifies this classification. The fact that Virginia prohibits only interracial marriages involving white persons demonstrates that the racial classifications must stand on their own justification, as measures designed to maintain White Supremacy.
Associate Justice Potter Stewart filed a brief concurring opinion. He reiterated his opinion from McLaughlin v. Florida that "it is simply not possible for a state law to be valid under our Constitution which makes the criminality of an act depend upon the race of the actor."
Implications of the decision[edit]
For interracial marriage[edit]
Despite the Supreme Court's decision, anti-miscegenation laws remained on the books in several states, although the decision had made them unenforceable. Local judges in Alabama continued to enforce that state's anti-miscegenation statute until the Nixon administration obtained a ruling from a U.S. District Court in United States v. Brittain in 1970.[29][30] In 2000, Alabama became the last state to adapt its laws to the Supreme Court's decision, when 60% of voters endorsed a ballot initiative that removed anti-miscegenation language from the state constitution.[31]
After Loving v. Virginia, the number of interracial marriages continued to increase across the United States[32] and in the South. In Georgia, for instance, the number of interracial marriages increased from 21 in 1967 to 115 in 1970.[33] At the national level, 0.4% of marriages were interracial in 1960, 2.0% in 1980,[34] 12% in 2013,[35] and 16% in 2015, almost 50 years after Loving.[36]
For same-sex marriage[edit]
Loving v. Virginia was discussed in the context of the public debate about same-sex marriage in the United States.[37]
In Hernandez v. Robles (2006), the majority opinion of the New York Court of Appeals—that state's highest court—declined to rely on the Loving case when deciding whether a right to same-sex marriage existed, holding that "the historical background of Loving is different from the history underlying this case."[38] In the 2010 federal district court decision in Perry v. Schwarzenegger, overturning California's Proposition 8 which restricted marriage to opposite-sex couples, Judge Vaughn R. Walker cited Loving v. Virginia to conclude that "the [constitutional] right to marry protects an individual's choice of marital partner regardless of gender".[39] On narrower grounds, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed.[40][41]
In June 2007, on the 40th anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision in Loving, Mildred Loving issued a statement that said:[42][43]
I believe all Americans, no matter their race, no matter their sex, no matter their sexual orientation, should have that same freedom to marry... I am still not a political person, but I am proud that Richard's and my name is on a court case that can help reinforce the love, the commitment, the fairness and the family that so many people, black or white, young or old, gay or straight, seek in life. I support the freedom to marry for all. That's what Loving, and loving, are all about.
Up until 2014, five U.S. Courts of Appeals considered the constitutionality of state bans on same-sex marriage. In doing so they interpreted or used the Loving ruling differently:
The Fourth and Tenth Circuits used Loving along with other cases like Zablocki v. Redhail and Turner v. Safley to demonstrate that the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized a "fundamental right to marry" that a state can not restrict unless it meets the court's "heightened scrutiny" standard. Using that standard, both courts struck down state bans on same-sex marriage.[44][45]
Two other courts of appeals, the Seventh and Ninth Circuits, struck down state bans on the basis of a different line of argument. Instead of "fundamental rights" analysis, they reviewed bans on same-sex marriage as discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The former cited Loving to demonstrate that the Supreme Court did not accept tradition as a justification for limiting access to marriage.[46] The latter cited Loving as quoted in United States v. Windsor on the question of federalism: "state laws defining or regulating marriage, of course, must respect the constitutional rights of persons".[47]
The only Court of Appeals to uphold state bans on same-sex marriage, the Sixth Circuit, said that when the Loving decision discussed marriage it was referring only to marriage between persons of the opposite sex.[48]
In Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which decided the issue, the Supreme Court invoked Loving, among other cases, as precedent for its holding that states are required to allow same-sex marriages under both the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause of the Constitution.[49] The court's decision in Obergefell cited Loving nearly a dozen times, and was based on the same principles – equality and an unenumerated right to marriage. During oral argument, the eventual author of the majority opinion, Justice Anthony Kennedy, noted that the decisions holding racial segregation and bans on interracial marriage unconstitutional (Brown v. Board of Education and Loving, respectively), were made about 13 years apart, much like the decision prohibiting bans on same-sex sexual activity (Lawrence v. Texas) and Obergefell.[50]
Remembrance and representation in popular culture[edit]
In the United States, June 12, the date of the decision, has become known as Loving Day, an annual unofficial celebration of interracial marriages. In 2014, Mildred Loving was honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History".[51] In 2017, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources dedicated a state historical marker, which tells the story of the Lovings, outside the Patrick Henry Building in Richmond – the former site of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals.[52]
The story of the Lovings became the basis of several films:
The first, Mr. and Mrs. Loving (1996), was written and directed by Richard Friedenberg and starred Lela Rochon, Timothy Hutton, and Ruby Dee.[53] According to Mildred Loving, "not much of it was very true. The only part of it right was I had three children."[54][55]
The second film, Nancy Buirski's documentary The Loving Story, premiered on HBO in February 2012[56][57] and won a Peabody Award that year.[58]
A third film, Loving, was released in 2016, directed by Jeff Nichols and starring Ruth Negga and Joel Edgerton as the Lovings. The film is based on Buirski's documentary.
A 2015 novel by the French journalist Gilles Biassette, L'amour des Loving ("The Love of the Lovings", ISBN 978-2917559598), recounts the life of the Lovings and their case.[59] A photo-essay about the couple by Grey Villet, created just before the case, was republished in 2017.[60]
Nanci Griffith's album The Loving Kind is named for the Lovings and includes a song about them.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Walker, Dionne (2007-06-10). "Pioneer of interracial marriage looks back". Associated Press. Retrieved 2015-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Social Security Death Index (Mildred D. Loving) [database on-line]". United States: The Generations Network. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
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Jump up ^ "RICHARD P. LOVING; IN LAND MARK SUIT; Figure in High Court Ruling on Miscegenation Dies". The New York Times. July 1, 1975.
Jump up ^ Douglas Martin (May 6, 2008). "Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage, Dies at 68". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2008. Mildred Loving, a black woman whose anger over being banished from Virginia for marrying a white man led to a landmark Supreme Court ruling overturning state miscegenation laws, died on May 2 at her home in Central Point, Va. She was 68.
Jump up ^ Douglas Martin (May 6, 2008). "Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage Dies at 68". The New York Times. Retrieved November 22, 2016. The Lovings’ son Donald died in 2000. In addition to her daughter, Peggy Fortune, who lives in Milford, Va., Mrs. Loving is survived by her son, Sidney, of Tappahannock, Va.; eight grandchildren; and 11 great-grandchildren.
Jump up ^ "Racial Integrity Laws (1924–1930)". www.encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Martin, Douglas. "Mildred Loving, Who Battled Ban on Mixed-Race Marriage, Dies at 68", New York Times, May 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mildred Loving - Civil Rights Activist - Biography.com". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
Jump up ^ "Judgment Against Richard and Mildred Loving (January 6, 1959)". www.encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ Earl Warren (June 12, 1967). "LOVING v. VIRGINIA". Retrieved November 22, 2016. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty to the charge and were sentenced to one year in jail; however, the trial judge suspended the sentence for a period of 25 years on the condition that the Lovings leave the State and not return to Virginia together for 25 years... After their convictions, the Lovings took up residence in the District of Columbia.
Jump up ^ "Mildred Loving, Key Figure in Civil Rights Era, Dies", PBS Online News Hour, May 6, 2008
Jump up ^ "Opinion of Judge Bazile in Commonwealth v. Loving (January 22, 1965)". www.encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
Jump up ^ "Loving v. Commonwealth (March 7, 1966)". www.encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ Loving v. Commonwealth 206 Va. 924 (1966)
Jump up ^ Kate Sheppard, "'The Loving Story': How an Interracial Couple Changed a Nation", Mother Jones, Feb 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Loving v. Virginia oral argument transcript". Retrieved November 27, 2016. Also quoted in Loving v. Virginia (1967), Encyclopedia Virginia
Jump up ^ Brown, DeNeen (11 June 2017). "Before Loving v. Virginia, another interracial couple fought in court for their marriage". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
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Jump up ^ "United States v. Brittain, 319 F. Supp. 1058 – Dist. Court, ND Alabama 1970". Google Scholar. U.S. District Court for Northern Alabama. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Jack (December 4, 1970). "Government Seeks to Allow A Mixed Marriage in Alabama". New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Somini (November 12, 2000). "November 5–11; Marry at Will". New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2009. The margin by which the measure passed was itself a statement. A clear majority, 60 percent, voted to remove the miscegenation statute from the state constitution, but 40 percent of Alabamans – nearly 526,000 people – voted to keep it.
Jump up ^ "Interracial marriage flourishes in U.S.". MSNBC. April 15, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Aldridge, The Changing Nature of Interracial Marriage in Georgia: A Research Note, 1973
Jump up ^ "Table 1. Race of Wife by Race of Husband: 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, and 1992". census.gov. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1994-07-05. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
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Jump up ^ "Intermarriage across the U.S. by metro area". Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Trei, Lisa (June 13, 2007). "Loving v. Virginia provides roadmap for same-sex marriage advocates". News.stanford.edu. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hernandez v. Robles, 855 NE.3d 1 (N.Y. 2006). Retrieved July 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ Perry v. Schwarzenegger, 704 F.Supp.2d 921 (N.D.Cal. 2010).
Jump up ^ Nagoruney, Adam (February 7, 2012). "Court Strikes Down Ban on Gay Marriage in California". New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Perry v. Brown, 671 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2012). Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hiogan, Bill (February 10, 2014). "Mildred Loving: She Blazed a Trail for Marriage Equality". AARP Bulletin. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mildred Loving, 40 Years Later". The Atlantic. June 18, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Opinion, Bostic v. Shaefer". Scribd.com. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. July 28, 2014. pp. 41–2. Retrieved March 24, 2015. Perhaps most notably, in Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court invalidated a Virginia law that prohibited white individuals from marrying individuals of other races. The Court explained that '[t]he freedom to marry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men' and that no valid basis justified the Virginia law's infringement of that right. [citations omitted]
Jump up ^ "Opinion, Kitchen v. Herbert". Scribd.com. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. June 25, 2014. pp. 24–30. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Opinion, Baskin v. Bogan and Wolf v. Walker". Scribd.com. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. September 4, 2014. p. 28. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Opinion, Latta v. Otter". Scribd.com. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. October 7, 2014. p. 29. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Opinion, DeBoer v. Snyder". Scribd.com. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. November 6, 2014. pp. 28ff. Retrieved March 24, 2015. Matters do not change because Loving v. Virginia held that 'marriage' amounts to a fundamental right.... In referring to 'marriage' rather than "opposite-sex marriage," Loving confirmed only that 'opposite-sex marriage' would have been considered redundant, not that marriage included same-sex couples. Loving did not change the definition. [citations omitted]
Jump up ^ 576 U. S. ____ (2015), slip op., at 19
Jump up ^ Amar, Akhil Reed (6 July 2015). "Anthony Kennedy and the Ghost of Earl Warren". Slate. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Virginia Women in History: Mildred Delores Jeter Loving". Library of Virginia. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Virginia to honor interracial marriage with state historical marker". WTVR.com. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Jump up ^ *Mr. & Mrs. Loving on IMDb
Jump up ^ Dionne Walker (June 10, 2007). "Pioneer of interracial marriage looks back". USAToday.com. Retrieved May 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ "40 years of interracial marriage: Mildred Loving reflects on breaking the color barrier". International Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. June 9, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ Stanley, Alessandra (February 13, 2012). "Scenes From a Marriage That Segregationists Tried to Break Up". New York Times.
Jump up ^ The Loving Story, accessed March 25, 2015
Jump up ^ 72nd Annual Peabody Awards, May 2013.
Jump up ^ Mahuzier, Marc (21 June 2015). "L'amour en noir et blanc". Ouest-France. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Villet, Barbara; Villet, Grey (February 14, 2017). The Lovings: An Intimate Portrait. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1616895563.
Further reading[edit]
Aldridge, Delores (1973). "The Changing Nature of Interracial Marriage in Georgia: A Research Note". Journal of Marriage and the Family. 35 (4): 641–642. JSTOR 350877. doi:10.2307/350877.
Annella, M. (1967). "Interracial Marriages in Washington, D.C". Journal of Negro Education. 36 (4): 428–433. JSTOR 2294264. doi:10.2307/2294264.
Barnett, Larry (1963). "Research on International and Interracial Marriages". Marriage and Family Living. 25 (1): 105–107. JSTOR 349019. doi:10.2307/349019.
Brower, Brock; Kennedy, Randall L. (2003). "'Irrepressible Intimacies'. Review of Interracial Intimacies: Sex, Marriage, Identity, and Adoption, by Randall L. Kennedy". Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. 40 (40): 120–124. JSTOR 3134064. doi:10.2307/3134064.
Coolidge, David Orgon (1998). "Playing the Loving Card: Same-Sex Marriage and the Politics of Analogy". BYU Journal of Public Law. 12: 201–238.
DeCoste, F. C. (2003). "The Halpren Transformation: Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Society, and the Limits of Liberal Law". Alberta Law Review. 41: 619–642.
Foeman, Anita Kathy & Nance, Teresa (1999). "From Miscegenation to Multiculturalism: Perceptions and Stages of Interracial Relationship Development". Journal of Black Studies. 29 (4): 540–557. doi:10.1177/002193479902900405.
Hopkins, C. Quince (2004). "Variety in U.S Kinship Practices, Substantive Due Process Analysis and the Right to Marry". BYU Journal of Public Law. 18: 665–679.
Kalmijn, Matthijs (1998). "Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends". Annual Review of Sociology. 24 (24): 395–421. PMID 12321971. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.395.
Koppelman, Andrew (1988). "The Miscegenation Analogy: Sodomy Law as Sex Discrimination". Yale Law Journal. 98: 145–164.
Newbeck, Phyl (2004). Virginia hasn't always been for lovers.
Pascoe, Peggy (1996). "Miscegenation Law, Court Cases, and Ideologies of 'Race' in Twentieth-Century America". Journal of American History. 83 (1): 44–69. JSTOR 2945474. doi:10.2307/2945474.
Pratt, Robert A. (1997). "Crossing the color line: A historical assessment and personal narrative of Loving v. Virginia". Howard Law Journal. 41: 229.
Wadlington, Walter (November 1967). Domestic Relations.
Wallenstein, Peter (2014). Race, Sex, and the Freedom to Marry: Loving v. Virginia. ISBN 978-0-7006-2000-5.
Wildman, Stephanie (2002). "Interracial Intimacy and the Potential for Social Change: Review of Interracial Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance by Rachel F. Moran". Berkeley Women's Law Journal. 17: 153–164. doi:10.2139/ssrn.309743.
Yancey, George & Yancey, Sherelyn (1998). "Interracial Dating: Evidence from Personal Advertisements". Journal of Family Issues. 19 (3): 334–348. doi:10.1177/019251398019003006.
Christopher Leslie, Justice Alito's Dissent in Loving v. Virginia, University of California, 1564, 2004.
Dorothy Robert, Loving v. Virginia as a civil rights decision, 177, 2014.
External links[edit]
Links with the text of the court's decision[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Loving v. Virginia
Text of Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) is available from: Findlaw UMKC Google Scholar
Other external links[edit]
A Groundbreaking Interracial Marriage; Loving v. Virginia at 40. ABC News interview with Mildred Jeter Loving & video of original 1967 broadcast. June 14, 2007.
Resources at Oyez.org including complete audio of the oral arguments.
Loving Decision: 40 Years of Legal Interracial Unions, National Public Radio: All Things Considered, June 11, 2007.
The Fortieth Anniversary of Loving v. Virginia: The Legal Legacy of the Case that Ended Legal Prohibitions on Interracial Marriage, Findlaw commentary by Joanna Grossman.
Chin, Gabriel and Hrishi Karthikeyan, (2002) Asian Law Journal, vol. 9 "Preserving Racial Identity: Population Patterns and the Application of Anti-Miscegenation Statutes to Asian Americans, 1910–1950"
[show]
v
t
e
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954–1968)
Notable
events
(timeline)
1954–1959
Brown v. Board of Education
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Gebhart v. Belton
Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
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Royal Ice Cream Sit-in
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National Guard blockade
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1960–1963
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attacks
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Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
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Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
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Letter from Birmingham Jail
Children's Crusade
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16th Street Baptist Church bombing
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March on Washington
"I Have a Dream"
St. Augustine movement
1964–1968
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Bloody Tuesday
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workers' murders
Civil Rights Act of 1964
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"How Long, Not Long"
Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Memphis Sanitation Strike
King assassination
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riots
Poor People's Campaign
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Influences
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Related
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Vincent Harding
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Movement photographers
[hide]
v
t
e
United States Fourteenth Amendment case law
[show]
Citizenship Clause
Slaughter-House Cases (1873)
Elk v. Wilkins (1884)
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
Perez v. Brownell (1958)
Saenz v. Roe (1964)
Afroyim v. Rusk (1967)
Rogers v. Bellei (1971)
[show]
Due Process Clause
Economic substantive
due process
Mugler v. Kansas (1887)
Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897)
Lochner v. New York (1905)
Coppage v. Kansas (1915)
Adams v. Tanner (1917)
Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)
Right to privacy
Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)
Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
Right to abortion
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Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
H. L. v. Matheson (1981)
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of New England (2006)
Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
Civil rights liability
under Section 1983
Monroe v. Pape (1961)
McNeese v. Board of Educ. (1963)
Pierson v. Ray (1967)
Jenkins v. McKeithen (1969)
Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974)
Wood v. Strickland (1975)
O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975)
Paul v. Davis (1976)
Imbler v. Pachtman (1976)
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978)
Procunier v. Navarette (1978)
Owen v. City of Independence (1980)
Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982)
Felder v. Casey (1988)
Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989)
Gonzaga University v. Doe (2002)
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community (2003)
City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams (2005)
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee (2009)
Ashcroft v. Iqbal (2009)
Los Angeles County v. Humphries (2010)
Connick v. Thompson (2011)
Other
Holden v. Hardy (1898)
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Buck v. Bell (1927)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937)
NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
In re Winship (1971)
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
Troxel v. Granville (2000)
Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009)
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
[show]
Equal Protection Clause
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Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
Lum v. Rice (1927)
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
Perez v. Sharp (1948)
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. (1948)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971)
Reed v. Reed (1971)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Plyler v. Doe (1982)
Romer v. Evans (1996)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
[show]
v
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e
Virginia Women in History
[show]
2000–2009
2000
Agnew, Ella GrahamElla Graham Agnew
Baldwin, Mary JuliaMary Julia Baldwin
Brent, MargaretMargaret Brent
Cather, WillaWilla Cather
Dean, JennieJennie Dean
Fain, Sarah LeeSarah Lee Fain
Glasgow, EllenEllen Glasgow
Madison, DolleyDolley Madison
, PocahontasPocahontas
Rind, ClementinaClementina Rind
Valentine, Lila MeadeLila Meade Valentine
Walker, Maggie L.Maggie L. Walker
2001
Bowser, Rosa DixonRosa Dixon Bowser
Campbell, ElizabethElizabeth Campbell
Jordan, ThomasinaThomasina Jordan
Keckley, ElizabethElizabeth Keckley
Pollak, TheresaTheresa Pollak
Tompkins, Sally LouisaSally Louisa Tompkins
Van Lew, ElizabethElizabeth Van Lew
Wilson, EdithEdith Wilson
2002
Adamson, RebeccaRebecca Adamson
Barrett, Janie PorterJanie Porter Barrett
Cline, PatsyPatsy Cline
Corbin, Hannah LeeHannah Lee Corbin
Darden, ChristineChristine Darden
McDaniel, Lillian WardLillian Ward McDaniel
Munford, Mary-Cooke BranchMary-Cooke Branch Munford
Rattley, Jessie M.Jessie M. Rattley
2003
Astor, NancyNancy Astor
Bailey, PearlPearl Bailey
Bodeker, Anna WhiteheadAnna Whitehead Bodeker
Mary Ann ElliottMary Ann Elliott
Jenkins, Annabelle Ravenscroft GibsonAnnabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins
Johnston, Frances BenjaminFrances Benjamin Johnston
Peebles, Anne DobieAnne Dobie Peebles
Spencer, Annie BannisterAnnie Bannister Spencer
2004
Arents, GraceGrace Arents
, CockacoeskeCockacoeske
Couric, KatieKatie Couric
Holden, Anne MakemieAnne Makemie Holden
Ingles, Mary DraperMary Draper Ingles
Jones, Sarah Garland BoydSarah Garland Boyd Jones
Snyder, AnnieAnnie Snyder
Washington, MarthaMartha Washington
2005
Adams-Ender, Clara LeachClara Leach Adams-Ender
Day, CaitlynCaitlyn Day
Griffin, Bessie BlountBessie Blount Griffin
Johnston, MaryMary Johnston
Powell, Barbara JohnsBarbara Johns Powell
Smith, LeeLee Smith
Wade, Mary BelvinMary Belvin Wade
2006
Barrett, Kate WallerKate Waller Barrett
Berg, Marie MajellaMarie Majella Berg
Bowman, John-Geline MacDonaldJohn-Geline MacDonald Bowman
Fitzgerald-Brown, BenitaBenita Fitzgerald-Brown
Hopper, GraceGrace Hopper
McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman CheekMary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan
Richardson, G. AnneG. Anne Richardson
Terhune, Mary VirginiaMary Virginia Terhune
2007
Byrd, Mary WillingMary Willing Byrd
Carter, MaybelleMaybelle Carter
Copenhaver, Laura Lu SchererLaura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
Futrell, Mary Alice Franklin HatwoodMary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell
Galt, Mary JefferyMary Jeffery Galt
Johnson, Sheila CrumpSheila Crump Johnson
, OpossunoquonuskeOpossunoquonuske
Williams, CamillaCamilla Williams
2008
Berkeley, Frances CulpeperFrances Culpeper Berkeley
Brooks, Lucy GoodeLucy Goode Brooks
Gonzalez, Providencia VelazquezProvidencia Velazquez Gonzalez
Lacy, Elizabeth B.Elizabeth B. Lacy
McCrumb, SharynSharyn McCrumb
Moss, P. BuckleyP. Buckley Moss
Rogers, Isabel WoodIsabel Wood Rogers
Turner, EdithEdith Turner
2009
Adams, PaulinePauline Adams
Cook, Caroline BradbyCaroline Bradby Cook
Emerson, ClaudiaClaudia Emerson
Faust, Drew GilpinDrew Gilpin Faust
Grayson, Joann HessJoann Hess Grayson
Randolph, MaryMary Randolph
Randolph, VirginiaVirginia Randolph
Terry, Mary SueMary Sue Terry
[show]
2010–2019
2010
Adams, Mollie HolmesMollie Holmes Adams
Furman, EthelEthel Furman
Harrison, Edythe C.Edythe C. Harrison
Martin, JanisJanis Martin
Rowland, Kate MasonKate Mason Rowland
Skipwith, Jean MillerJean Miller Skipwith
Stovall, QueenaQueena Stovall
Van Landingham, MarianMarian Van Landingham
2011
Addison, LucyLucy Addison
Bontecou, EleanorEleanor Bontecou
Fleming, Emily WhiteEmily White Fleming
Fu, PearlPearl Fu
Lincoln, LillianLillian Lincoln
Marshall, Bessie NiemeyerBessie Niemeyer Marshall
Rogan, Felicia WarburgFelicia Warburg Rogan
Russell, Elizabeth Henry CampbellElizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
2012
Ames, Susie MaySusie May Ames
Beltran, MonicaMonica Beltran
Campbell, Christiana BurdettChristiana Burdett Campbell
Christian, Betty SamsBetty Sams Christian
McIntosh, Elizabeth PeetElizabeth Peet McIntosh
Puckett, Orelena HawksOrelena Hawks Puckett
Shatin, JudithJudith Shatin
Stuart, Alice JacksonAlice Jackson Stuart
2013
Alexander, Mary C.Mary C. Alexander
Archer, LouiseLouise Archer
Carrington, Elizabeth Ambler BrentElizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington
Compton, AnnAnn Compton
Falletta, JoAnnJoAnn Falletta
Powell, CleoCleo Powell
Pruitt, InezInez Pruitt
Scott, Eva Mae FlemingEva Mae Fleming Scott
2014
Blackford, Mary Berkeley MinorMary Berkeley Minor Blackford
Cohn, Naomi SilvermanNaomi Silverman Cohn
Duke, Elizabeth AshburnElizabeth Ashburn Duke
Findlay, RachelRachel Findlay
Kendall, Christine HerterChristine Herter Kendall
Loving, MildredMildred Loving
Ryan, DebbieDebbie Ryan
Winslett, StonerStoner Winslett
2015
Caldwell, Nancy MelvinaNancy Melvina Caldwell
Giovanni, NikkiNikki Giovanni
Harris, Ruth ColesRuth Coles Harris
McDiarmid, Dorothy ShoemakerDorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid
Peterkin, Rebekah DulaneyRebekah Dulaney Peterkin
Pinn, VivianVivian Pinn
Stith, Elizabeth Bray Allen SmithElizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith
Wood, KarenneKarenne Wood
2016
Crittenden, Flora D.Flora D. Crittenden
Day, Elizabeth NottinghamElizabeth Nottingham Day
Gray, Sarah A.Sarah A. Gray
Isaac, Edwilda AllenEdwilda Allen Isaac
Johnson, KatherineKatherine Johnson
King, Ada InesAda Ines King
Masters, BettyBetty Masters
Oberndorf, MeyeraMeyera Oberndorf
2017
Crouse-Mays, DorisDoris Crouse-Mays
Foley, Corazon SandovalCorazon Sandoval Foley
Houston, NoraNora Houston
Hudson, Cynthia EppesCynthia Eppes Hudson
Jones, Mary VirginiaMary Virginia Jones
McCraw, Louise HarrisonLouise Harrison McCraw
Moore, Undine SmithUndine Smith Moore
Rollins, MarthaMartha Rollins
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Cerys Matthews
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Cerys Matthews
MBE
Matthews in 2008
Background information
Birth name
Cerys Elizabeth Matthews
Born
(1969-04-11) 11 April 1969 (age 48)
Cardiff, Wales
Origin
Swansea, Wales
Genres
Alternative rock
Britpop
indie rock
pop rock
Occupation(s)
Singer
songwriter
Years active
1990–present
Associated acts
Catatonia
Website
www.cerysmatthews.co.uk
Cerys Elizabeth Matthews, MBE (/ˈkɛrɪs/; born 11 April 1969) is a Welsh singer, songwriter, author, and broadcaster. She was a founding member of Welsh rock band Catatonia and a leading figure in the "Cool Cymru" movement of the late 1990s.[1]
Matthews programmes and hosts a weekly music show on BBC Radio 6 Music and a show on BBC World Service, makes documentaries for television and radio and is a roving reporter for The One Show. She founded 'The Good Life Experience', a festival of culture and the great outdoors in Flintshire in 2014, with Charlie and Caroline Gladstone, writes a column for British Airways Highlife magazine and is author of Hook, Line and Singer published by Penguin and children's stories Tales From The Deep and Gelert, A Man's Best Friend, Gomer.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Catatonia
2.2 2000s
2.3 Since 2010
2.4 Books
3 Personal life
4 Solo discography
4.1 Albums
4.2 Compilation albums
4.3 Singles
4.4 Appearances on other original recordings
5 Catatonia discography
5.1 Studio albums
5.2 Compilation albums
5.3 Singles and EPs
5.4 Miscellaneous and promos
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Matthews was born in Cardiff, the second of four children. The family moved to Swansea when she was seven. She attended St Michael's, an independent school in Llanelli, and Fishguard comprehensive school when she lived in the Pembrokeshire village of Trefin.[2] She is fluent in English, Welsh, Spanish, and French.[3] She has cited her childhood heroes as being Pippi Longstocking and writers William Butler Yeats and Dylan Thomas.[4][5][6][7][8]
She learned to play the guitar at the age of nine, sang Welsh folk songs and taught herself traditional songs from all over the globe including blues and Irish folk songs.[9] She was a member of the West Glamorgan Youth Orchestra.[10] She had a stint in Spain as a nanny, where she learned to speak Catalan.[11]
Career[edit]
Catatonia[edit]
Main article: Catatonia (band)
Catatonia was formed in 1992. She subsequently sang lead vocals on, and co-wrote the music and lyrics for, the band's hits. Songs she co-wrote included "You've Got a Lot to Answer For", "Mulder and Scully", "Dead From the Waist Down", and "Road Rage". Matthews also played guitar on the earlier material before second guitarist Owen Powell joined the band. She also performed a single with the band Space named "The Ballad of Tom Jones", which tells the story of two lovers who want to kill each other, but then hear a Tom Jones song that defuses their homicidal feelings. Matthews later collaborated with Jones to record a version of Frank Loesser's "Baby, It's Cold Outside" on Jones' album Reload. Matthews was voted the "Sexiest Female in Rock" in a 1999 readers' poll in the now defunct magazine Melody Maker.[12]
After Catatonia's rise to fame with their second album International Velvet, and subsequent success with Equally Cursed And Blessed, the band returned in 2001 with their fourth studio album Paper Scissors Stone. In September 2001, the band officially split.[13]
2000s[edit]
Matthews joined The Pet Shop Boys on the Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury in June 2000, performing a duet of their hit "What Have I Done To Deserve This".[14] In December 2001, she returned to the recording studio for the first time since Catatonia split up. She recorded a song in both English and Welsh for the pre-school cartoon series Sali Mali.[15] She provided guest vocals on the track "Cyclops Rock", from US alternative rock band They Might Be Giants 2001 album Mink Car. Her line was originally supposed to be provided by Joe Strummer of The Clash.[16]
Matthews moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 2001. On her arrival she began playing with Bucky Baxter, who had played lap steel guitar for Bob Dylan and Ryan Adams. She had already collected seventy-six traditional folk songs with the idea of making an album of folk covers. Her debut album, Cockahoop, ended up consisting mainly of her own songs. It was recorded in seven months and appeared on Blanco y Negro Records in the United Kingdom in May 2003. Whilst recording this album she met Seth Riddle, whom she married in Pembrokeshire in February 2003.[17] She toured the album around Britain with minimal promotion as she was several months pregnant at the time. The album's Stateside Records release followed in October 2004.
In December 2005, Matthews recorded a new version of Len Barry's 1960s UK and US top 10 hit "1-2-3" in Nashville. She released it as a download-single with all profits going to a children's charity.[18][19] In early 2006, Matthews introduced material from her upcoming album at SXSW in Austin, Texas.[citation needed]
In 2006, Matthews conducted a short tour of the UK to promote her new second solo album, Never Said Goodbye. The new album was preceded by the single "Open Roads". Band members included Kevin Teel on guitar, Ben Elkins playing keyboards, Mason Neely on drums, and Jeff Irwin playing bass. She headlined Cardiff's Big Weekend festival. During September and October 2006, Matthews embarked on a UK and Ireland tour, during which she played tracks from her first two solo albums as well as three Catatonia hits. She also embarked upon a short acoustic Welsh tour in November 2006 before returning to Nashville for Christmas.
Matthews appeared on the 2007 series of ITV's I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which aired from 12 to 30 November. She was voted off one day before the final episode, coming fourth behind Jason "J" Brown, Janice Dickinson and eventual winner Christopher Biggins. Matthews became involved with fellow contestant Marc Bannerman after the show, but they split four months later. Matthews appeared at the live Guilty Pleasures concert at the Hackney Empire, London in 2007. She performed the Bonnie Tyler hit "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and the Dolly Parton/Kenny Rogers duet "Islands in the Stream" along with Terry Hall and the BBC Concert Orchestra
In an interview on the eve of the launch of her Welsh mini-album Awyren = Aeroplane, Matthews confirmed she had divorced from Riddle and temporarily moved back to her farm in Pembrokeshire.[20][21] Awyren = Aeroplane won her the 'Contemporary Composition' award in the National Eisteddfod. The award had been resurrected and presented for the first time since 1936. In 2007 Matthews became Vice-President of the Welsh homelessness charity Shelter Cymru.[22] She also accepted a role of Performing Arts Ambassador for Linden Lodge School, Wimbledon in the same year.
Matthews joined the Welsh band Manic Street Preachers onstage at The O2 on 28 February 2008 to sing the female vocals of their 2007 hit "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough". She replaced Nina Persson in both the awards ceremony (within indigO2) and at the following 'Big Gig' live show (within The O2 arena).
From November 2008, Matthews sat in for Stephen Merchant and Marc Riley on BBC 6 Music and went on to present George Lamb's slot in April 2009. In May 2009 she presented show A Month of Sundays With... Cerys Matthews. She then covered for Nemone on 6 Music from July 2009 while Nemone was on maternity leave.
Matthews began maternity leave from November 2009 and had to finish presenting the show a month early. In April 2010, Matthews returned to 6 Music to present a weekend show on Sunday mornings.She produces and presents radio documentaries and shows, including Hook Line and singer, where she shared her love of fishing on Radio 4.
Matthews released her first CD in two years in October 2009. The album, entitled Don't Look Down, was released in two versions, one in English and the other in Welsh (the title of the Welsh edition was Paid Edrych i Lawr). It was recorded in Providence, Rhode Island, Nashville, Seattle and London, and coincided with a two-week UK tour in October.
Since 2010[edit]
Matthews has covered Glastonbury Festival for both BBC Television and BBC 6 Music, she wrote and presented a BBC Two programme on poetry and presented TV documentaries on singer Dorothy Squires, the Mississippi River and Cuba. She wrote and presented a documentary on early blues players such as Memphis Minnie, childrens' character Pippi Longstocking, Mahalia Jackson and the celebrated British blues label 'Blue Horizon'. She has presented a documentary for BBC Radio 2 on Maida Vale studios. She frequently contributes to BBC Radio 4 programmes such as Feedback, Frontrow, Loose Ends and Saturday Live, also writing a column for world music magazine Songlines. She has curated festivals for the Tate Modern, the Shetland theatre and Womex.
In 2010, Matthews released Tir (in Welsh: 'territory' or 'land'), a collection of traditional Welsh songs, and of photographs from her family archive from the 1880s to 1940s of people at work and play.[23] They included "Calon Lân", "Cwm Rhondda", "Migldi-Magldi" (sung as a duet with Bryn Terfel), "Myfanwy" and "Sosban Fach".[24] This is the third release on her own label, Rainbow City.
Explorer is Matthews' fourth solo album (2011). In both selecting and writing the songs she delved into the influence of both the music she has heard round the globe, and the places she had visited. Recorded over seven days, the album from the outset had no pre-determined sound or calculated format.[25] On the album she incorporates a little Spanish, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and American sensibilities, styles, and genres.[26] In April 2011, a video was released through Matthews' official YouTube Page[27] of the lead single from Explorer, "Sweet Magnolia".
Matthews played the Isle of Wight and Hay festivals in 2012, the latter with a Woody Guthrie tribute show, and collaborated with artists such as Arun Ghosh, Tunde Jegede, Attab Haddad, Frank Moon and the London Bulgarian Choir. 2012 also saw her play music from her acclaimed and popular selling collection of Welsh traditional songs 'Tir', with Ballet Cymru, ending in a show in Sadler's Wells, and a nomination for a Theatre Critics Award 2012.[28] She produced and arranged Christmas album Baby, it's Cold Outside (2012) to much acclaim, recognised by the Sunday Times as an "essential seasonal album"[citation needed]. Cerys played UK literary festivals including Dartington, Chester, Hay and Edinburgh and released an album of traditional Welsh reels and songs Hullabaloo'. Matthews sang Patsy Cline's Crazy and Dylan's Blowin' in the wind as part of the memorial service for esteemed War correspondent Marie Colvin, in May 2012. Matthews appeared as a celebrity guest mentor on the first series of the UK version of The Voice for Tom Jones's Team broadcast.[29]
Matthews won gold at the 2013 Sony Radio Academy Awards, winning in the 'Music Broadcaster of the year' category.[30] Baby it's Cold Outside, released for Christmas 2013 on the Rainbow City label, is a selection of Christmas carols and classic Christmas songs all arranged and produced by Matthews using instruments such as Chinese temple blocks, oud, celeste and coconut shells. She was Artistic Director for the opening ceremony of Womex 2013 representing Wales.
In 2014 Cerys co-founded a brand new interactive festival - THE GOOD LIFE EXPERIENCE with Charlie and Caroline Gladstone held every September on the Gladstone estate in Hawarden, Flintshire near the Cheshire border. It's a festival which celebrates the great outdoors-with plenty of abseiling, campfires, axe throwing, foraging, talk on survival, as well as cultural activities, crafts, books and music.
Matthews won a prestigious 'St David Award' - for her contribution to culture in 2014 - run by the Welsh government, in its inaugural year- 2014 Other prize winners on the night were Bryn Terfel and Lyn Evans.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to music.[31]
July 2014 Cerys was awarded an honorary degree from Swansea University.
Cerys won the Best Presenter Music award at the Audio Production Awards November 23, 2016.
Books[edit]
Hook, Line and Singer, Cerys' collection of singalong classics published by Penguin, became a top 3 Sunday Times bestseller in 2013. The book includes personal anecdotes and song histories. Song examples are "Let's Go Fly A Kite", "Oh Susannah", and "Swing Low Sweet Chariot".
Tales from the deep is a duo of stories written in verse with paintings by Fran Evans, published by Gomer. It was nominated for a People's Choice Award. It was followed by Gelert, a man's best friend (Gomer, 2013)
Personal life[edit]
Matthews married American music producer Seth Riddle in 2003, with whom she has two children: Glenys Pearl y Felin (born 2003) and Johnny Tupelo Jones (born 2005). The couple lived in Nashville, Tennessee until 2007, when they separated and later divorced. Matthews currently resides in London with her husband/manager Steve Abbott, her two children from her prior marriage, and a son with Abbott, Red Owen (born 2009).
Matthews is Vice-President for Shelter Cymru, Vice President for the Hay festival of Literature and the Arts, an Arts Ambassador for Linden Lodge School, Wimbledon, a Specialist Sensory and Physical College, a patron of the Dylan Thomas Society, along with Prince Charles and Bryn Terfel, and a patron of Ballet Cymru. She has been a judge for the Dylan Thomas Literary Prize and is also a judge for the Forward Prizes for Poetry 2014. Cerys Matthews was awarded an honorary degree from Swansea University in July 2014 .
Solo discography[edit]
Albums[edit]
Cockahoop (UK No. 30, 5 weeks on Chart) (Blanco y Negro – 2003)
Never Said Goodbye (Rough Trade – 2006)
Awyren = Aeroplane (mini-album) (My Kung Fu 030 – 2007)
Don't Look Down (Rainbow City Recordings – 2009)
Tir (Rainbow City Recordings – 2010)
Explorer (Rainbow City Recordings – 2011)
Baby It's Cold Outside (Rainbow City Recordings − 2012)
Hullabaloo (Rainbow City Recordings – 2013)
Dylan Thomas : A Child's Christmas, Poems and Tiger Eggs (Marvels of the Universe – 2014)
Compilation albums[edit]
Brand New Boots and Panties!! (2001) – contributed "If I Was With a Woman"
Listen to Bob Dylan: A Tribute (2005) – contributed "I Believe in You", a Bob Dylan song from Slow Train Coming
Hands Across the Water (2006) – contributed "An Occasional Song"
Songs for the Young at Heart (2007) – contributed "White Horses", the theme song to The White Horses
Over the Rainbow (2007) – contributed "Secret Love"
Singles[edit]
1998 "The Ballad of Tom Jones" (with Space) UK No. 4
1999 "Baby, It's Cold Outside"
2003 "Caught in the Middle" UK No. 47
2005 "1-2-3"
2006 "Open Roads" UK No. 53
2007 "Some Kind of Wonderful" (with Aled Jones) (Universal Records)
2009 "Arlington Way" (Rainbow City Records)
2010 "Into The Blue"/"Mae Angen Llong Ar Gapten" (Rainbow City Records)
2011 "Sweet Magnolia" (Rainbow City Records)[27]
Appearances on other original recordings[edit]
1998 Space – Tin Planet, duetting on "The Ballad of Tom Jones"
1999 Tom Jones – Reload, on "Baby, It's Cold Outside"
2001 They Might Be Giants – Mink Car, guest vocals on "Cyclops Rock"
2007 Aled Jones – Reasons to Believe, duetting on "Some Kind of Wonderful" (Universal)
2008 The Fron Male Voice Choir – Voices of the Valley: Home, singing "Calon Lan"
2010 MAVIS presents Candi Staton & Cerys Matthews, singing "Nemesis Required" (!K7 Records)
Catatonia discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]
Year
Details
Peak chart position
Certifications
(sales thresholds)
UK
[32]
AUS
[33]
GER
[34]
IRL
[35]
NZL
[36]
1996 Way Beyond Blue
Released: 30 September 1996
Label: Blanco y Negro
32 — — — —
1998 International Velvet
Released: Feb 1998
Label: Blanco y Negro/WEA
1 27 — 39 32
UK: 3x Platinum[37]
1999 Equally Cursed and Blessed
Released: 28 March 2000
Label: Blanco y Negro/Atlantic
1 48 — — 28
UK: Platinum[37]
2001 Paper Scissors Stone
Released: 6 August 2001
Label: Blanco y Negro
6 — 55 37 —
UK: Silver[37]
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.
Compilation albums[edit]
Year
Details
Peak chart position
Certifications
(sales thresholds)
UK
[32]
AUS
[33]
GER
[34]
IRL
[35]
NZL
[36]
1995 The Sublime Magic of Catatonia
Released: 1995
Label: Nursery
— — — — —
1998 The Crai-EPs 1993/1994
Released: 19 October 1999
Label: Crai/M.I.L. Multimedia
— — — — —
2002 Greatest Hits
Released: 15 October 2002
Label: WEA
24 — — 43 —
2006 Platinum Collection
Released: 21 March 2006
Label: WEA
— — — — —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.
Singles and EPs[edit]
Year
Title
Peak chart positions
Album
UK
[32][38]
AUS
[33]
IRL
[39]
NZL
[36]
1993 May "For Tinkerbell" (EP) — — — — Non-album EP
1994 Jun "Hooked" (EP) — — — — The Sublime Magic of Catatonia
Sep "Whale" (vinyl-only) — — — —
1995 Jan "Bleed" 158 — — —
Dec "Christmas '95" (fan club vinyl)1 — — — — Non-album single
1996 Apr "Sweet Catatonia" 61 — — — Way Beyond Blue
Jul "Lost Cat" 41 — — —
Oct "Bleed" (re-issue) 46 — — —
1997 Feb "You've Got A Lot To Answer For" 35 — — —
Oct "I Am the Mob" 40 — — — International Velvet
1998 Jan "Mulder and Scully" 3 — 17 —
May "Road Rage" 5 40 29 —
Jul "Strange Glue" 11 — — —
Oct "Game On" 33 — — —
1999 Apr "Dead From the Waist Down" 7 — — 44 Equally Cursed and Blessed
Jul "Londinium" 20 — — —
Oct "Karaoke Queen" 36 — — —
2000 Mar "Storm The Palace" (EP) — — — —
2001 Sep "Stone by Stone" 19 — — — Paper Scissors Stone
"—" denotes releases that did not chart.
1 – The A-side being "Blow the Millennium, Blow".
Miscellaneous and promos[edit]
"Tourist" (Japan EP) – 1996
"A's & B's of Catatonia" (Promo EP) – 1998
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "WALES | 1999 - the year of Cool Cymru". BBC News. 1999-12-25. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Biography". cerysmatthews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Paul, Chris. "Cerys Matthews". Beat Review. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "BBC Radio 4 - The Strongest Girl in the World". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-09-16. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Dylan Thomas". BBC. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ Moore, Dylan. "Cerys Matthews". Wales Arts Review. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Cerys Matthews: A star is reborn". The Independent. 22 July 2006.
Jump up ^ "Expectant Cerys home for birth". BBC News. 7 August 2003.
Jump up ^ Rhodes, Giulia. "Cerys Matthews rocks the crib | Music | Entertainment | Daily Express". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ Schweitzer, Louise (2012-12-17). "Cerys Matthews, The Old Market, Hove, December 15 (From The Argus)". Theargus.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Cerys Matthews profile: news, photos, style, videos and more – HELLO! Online". Hellomagazine.com. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
Jump up ^ "News | UK and Worldwide News | Newspaper". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "MUSIC | Troubled Catatonia split up". BBC News. 2001-09-21. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "pet shop boys et cerys matthews à Glastonbury 2000". YouTube. 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ Cartoon Sali Mali joins Channel 4, BBC News, 28 July 2009 Retrieved 23 November 2009
Jump up ^ "Cerys Matthews – TMBW: The They Might Be Giants Knowledge Base". TMBW. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Cerys arrives for wedding on tractor, BBC Wales – 22 February 2003
Jump up ^ "Jeremie Musyt Creative". Jmcreative.net. 2017-05-09. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
Jump up ^ Divorced Cerys returns to Wales, BBC Wales – 15 October 2007
Jump up ^ "Cerys and Marc in Pembrokeshire". BBC. 8 December 2007.
Jump up ^ Morton, Cole (14 October 2007). "Cerys Matthews: 'My marriage is over. I'm coming home'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007.
Jump up ^ EccentricUK – Cerys Matthews Archived 13 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 19 February 2012
Jump up ^ "Cerys Matthews: The tracks of my life". Wales Online. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ CerysMatthews.co.uk = Explorer Biography Archived 18 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 19 February 2012
Jump up ^ Matthew Forss. "Inside World Music". insideworldmusic.blogspot.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cerys Matthews - Sweet Magnolia". YouTube. 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Ballet inspired by Cerys Matthews shortlisted for award". South Wales Argus.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Alex (2012-04-04). "Voice mentors confirmed: Cerys Matthews, Ana Matronic to help coaches". Digitalspy.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Cerys Matthews wins Sony music radio broadcaster award". BBC News. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Jump up ^ "No. 60895". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 2014. p. b21.
^ Jump up to: a b c "British chart positions". chartstats.com. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Australian chart positions". australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "German album positions". musicline.de. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Irish chart positions". irish-charts.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "New Zealand chart positions". charts.org.nz. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "British certificates: searchable database". bpi.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "UK Chartlog: Chris C. – CZR". zobbel.de. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "Irish singles positions". irishcharts.ie. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cerys Matthews.
Official website
Cerys on 6 at BBC Programmes
BBC One Show profile
Cerys Matthews on IMDb
cerys-matthews-1 Cerys Matthews on Journalisted
August 2006 interview with Matthews
Cerys Matthews Interview[permanent dead link]
BBC Wales Music – Matthews microsite
Garvey, Jane (8 October 2007). "Woman's Hour" (RealAudio). BBC Radio 4.
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