text:
Yeomen Warders
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"Beefeater" redirects here. For the similarly-attired corps sometimes called by this name, see Yeomen of the Guard. For other uses, see Beefeater (disambiguation).
Yeomen Warders of Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London
Badge of the Yeomen Warders
Active
1485 (1509: see History) –
Country
United Kingdom
Role
Palace and Fortress Guard
Garrison/HQ
London
Commanders
Colonel in Chief
HM The Queen
Insignia
Collar Badge
Rose, Thistle and Shamrock
Yeoman Warder in Tudor State Dress, c. 1895
The Yeomen Warders of Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, and Members of the Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeoman Guard Extraordinary, popularly known as the Beefeaters, are ceremonial guardians of the Tower of London. In principle they are responsible for looking after any prisoners in the Tower and safeguarding the British crown jewels; They have also conducted guided tours since the Victorian era.
In 2011, there were 37 Yeomen Warders and one Chief Warder.[1] All warders are retired from the Armed Forces of Commonwealth realms and must be former warrant officers with at least 22 years of service. They must also hold the Long Service and Good Conduct medal.
The Yeomen Warders are often incorrectly referred to as Yeomen of the Guard, which is actually a distinct corps of Royal Bodyguards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
1.1 Beefeater
2 History
2.1 The Tudor yeomen
3 Current composition and duties
4 Ravenmaster
5 References
6 External links
Etymology[edit]
A Yeoman Warder in everyday undress uniform
Although the Yeomen Warders are often referred to as Yeomen of the Guard, which is a distinct corps of Royal Bodyguards of the British monarch, they are in fact a separate entity within this guard. Gilbert and Sullivan's opera, The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), is set in the 16th century, an earlier era before the two corps were split apart; it concerns what are today the Yeomen Warders.[2]
Beefeater[edit]
The name Beefeater is of uncertain origin, with various proposed derivations. The term was common as early as the 17th century as a slang term for the English in general.[3] The earliest connection to the Royal Household came as a reference to the Yeomen of the Guard by Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who frequented the Court in 1669. In referring to the Yeomen of the Guard, he stated, "A very large ration of beef is given to them daily at the court, and they might be called Beef-eaters".[4] The Beefeater name was carried over to the Yeomen Warders, due to the two corps' outward similarities and the Yeoman Warders' more public presence. Beefeaters also commonly produced and consumed broths made of beef, which were described as rich and hearty. These broths were known, at the time, as bef or beffy.[5]
While this is the most-cited origin, including by the Corps themselves,[6] some etymologists have noted the term's similarity to hláf-æta, the Old English term for a menial servant, lit. "loaf-eater", the counterpart of hlaford "loaf-warden" and hlæfdige, which became "lord" and "lady" respectively.[7] Conjectures that the name derives from buffetier (an Old French term meaning 'a waiter or servant') are not considered probable.[4][8]
History[edit]
The Tudor yeomen[edit]
Yeoman Warder
The Yeomen Warders were formed in 1485 by the new King Henry VII, the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty; the Tudor rose, a heraldic badge of the dynasty, is part of the badge of the Yeomen Warders to this day.
In 1509 Henry VIII moved his official residence from the Tower of London. The Tower retained the formal status of a royal palace and to mark this a party of twelve Yeomen of the Guard was left in place as a token garrison. The title of this detachment was subsequently changed to that of Tower warders as a more accurate reflection of their actual duties. As warders without any ceremonial state functions they forfeited the right to wear the scarlet royal livery of the now separate Yeoman of the Guard. This was, however, restored to them during the reign of Edward VI (1547–1553), reportedly at the request of a high court official who had been briefly imprisoned in the Tower and was impressed by the behavior of the warders.[4]
The original Tudor guard was split into two categories: the ordinary (i.e., permanent) guard and the additional troops of the extraordinary. In 1550, for example, the ordinary mustered 105 men, with an additional 300 extraordinary yeomen. Until 1549, the guards at the Tower were numbered among the extraordinary but in that year were raised to the status of ordinary yeomen. There was a considerable wage difference between the two groups. In 1562, a yeoman of the ordinary received 16d per day, whereas an extraordinary yeoman was paid the same as a common infantryman (4d or 6d). In 1551, the ordinary was expanded to 200 men, of whom 100 were to be archers and 100 halberdiers, but these numbers were not maintained. Uniform at this time was a velvet coat trimmed with silver gilt, worn over armour.[9]
Current composition and duties[edit]
Moira Cameron, the first female Yeoman Warder
In 2011, there were 37 Yeomen Warders and one Chief Warder.[1]
All Yeoman Warders are retired members of the armed services; to be appointed, one must be "a former Warrant Officer, class 1 or 2, (or the equivalent rank in other services) and in exceptional circumstances, a Staff Sergeant" from the Royal Navy, British Army, Royal Air Force, or Royal Marines; must have earned the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal; and must have served for 22 years in the regular armed services.[10] Until 2009, sailors were ineligible to become Yeomen Warders. This was because sailors of the Royal Navy—unlike soldiers, marines, and airmen—swear an oath of allegiance to the Admiralty rather than the monarch personally.[11][12] In 2009, sailors became eligible to join the Yeoman Warders after the Queen consented to a petition from the Governor of the Tower to allow Royal Navy senior ratings to serve.[11]
The Yeomen Warders normally wear an 'undress' uniform of dark blue with red trimmings. When the sovereign visits the Tower, or the warders are on duty at a state occasion, they wear red and gold uniforms similar to those of the Yeomen of the Guard. These uniforms are referred to by the Yeoman Warders as the Tudor State Dress.
The Yeomen Warders and their families live in tied accommodation inside the fortress, paying council taxes and rent. They must own a home outside the fortress to occupy when they retire. Some of the accommodation dates back to the 13th century. The community of the Tower of London is made up of these Yeoman Warders and their families, the Resident Governor and officers, a chaplain and a doctor.
Yeomen Warders participate in the Ceremony of the Keys each night.
On 1 July 2007 a service woman, Moira Cameron, became the first female Yeoman Warder in the history of the institution. Cameron joined the Army in 1985 at age 20. Aged 42 and Warrant Officer Class 2, she became eligible not long before her appointment. Previously, she served as Superintendent Clerk at a Brigade Headquarters with the Adjutant General's Corps.[13]
In 2009, three male warders were suspended, accused of bullying of Cameron; two were dismissed and one was subsequently re-instated following the month-long investigation with the allegations against him "unproven".[14]
Ravenmaster[edit]
Main article: Ravens of the Tower of London
Chris Skaife – the present 'Ravenmaster' in front of the Traitors' Gate
The Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster (also known as the Ravenmaster for short) is one of the Yeomen Warders who has the responsibility to maintain the welfare of the ravens of the Tower of London.
It is not known how long the ravens have been living in the Tower of London, but they were resident by the time of King Charles II. Legend maintains that should the ravens ever leave the Tower, the White Tower will fall and disaster will befall the kingdom.[15] When he received complaints that the ravens interfered with observatory work, Charles ordered the re-siting of the Royal Observatory to Greenwich rather than remove the ravens.[15] In order to prevent the ravens from flying away, their flight feathers are trimmed so that they cannot fly in a straight line for any appreciable distance. The ravens are free, however, to roam the Tower grounds.[15]
The Ravenmaster lets the birds out of their cages and prepares breakfast for them at dawn each day. The warders comment that the "real beefeaters" at the Tower are the ravens; they are fed raw beef which is bought at Smithfield Meat Market by the Ravenmaster.[16]
The current Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster of the Tower of London is retired Staff Sergeant Chris Skaife (an erstwhile Drum Major with the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment), who took over from Derrick Coyle in 2005.[15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Louise Tickle (2011-07-04). "Want to be a Beefeater? | Education". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
Jump up ^ Minney, Rubeigh James (1970) The Tower of London, Cassell, London. ISBN 0304934283
Jump up ^ E. Cobham Brewer (1898). Beefeaters. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable – via Bartleby.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Yeomen of the Guard". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 916–918. The nickname 'Beef-eaters,' which is sometimes associated with the Yeomen of the Guard, had its origin in 1669, when Count Cosimo, grand duke of Tuscany, was in England, and, writing of the size and stature of this magnificent Guard, said, 'They are great eaters of beef, of which a very large ration is given them daily at the court, and they might be called Beef-eaters.' The supposed derivation from 'Buffetier' (i.e. one who attends at the sideboard) has no authority.
Jump up ^ Benusis, Jota (1998). Broth Handbook (3rd ed.). Rapid City: Travis Russell & Associates. p. 46.
Jump up ^ "Yeoman Warders | Tower of London". hrp.org.uk. 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Ernest Weekley (1971). More Words Ancient and Modern. Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0-8369-5917-5.
Jump up ^ "beefˌeater, n.". OED Online. Oxford University Press. March 2016. The conjecture that sense 2 may have had some different origin, e.g. < buffet 'sideboard,' is historically baseless. No such form of the word as *buffetier exists; and beaufet, which has been cited as a phonetic link between buffet and beefeater, is merely an 18th cent. bad spelling, not so old as beef-eater. Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Hale, John Rigby (1983). "On a Tudor Parade Ground: The Captain's handbook of Henry Barrett 1562". In Hale, J.R. Renaissance War Studies. History series. 11. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 252–4. ISBN 0907628176.
Jump up ^ Yeoman Warders, Historic Royal Palaces (accessed December 27, 2016).
^ Jump up to: a b Sailor Beefeater begins work at Tower of London (press release), Ministry of Defence (October 31, 2011).
Jump up ^ Jonathan Sherman, Take him to the tower! Gosport sailor is now a Beefeater, Portsmouth News (November 1, 2011).
Jump up ^ Davies, Caroline. "News – Latest breaking news – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. London. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Beefeaters fired in bully probe". BBC News. 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Ravens at the Tower of London, England". www.historic-uk.com. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chris Skaife, Master Raven Keeper at the Tower of London, & Merlin the Raven – Spitalfields Life". Retrieved 21 June 2017.
External links[edit]
"The Monarchy Today" Article in the official website of the British Monarchy
"The Ravenmaster" BBC News article
"Yeoman Warders" A collection of historical materials created by Yeoman William Norton
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yeomen_Warders&oldid=801382913"
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Marina Bay Sands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Marina Bay Sands
Location
Bayfront Subzone, Downtown Core, Singapore
Address
10 Bayfront Avenue
Opening date
27 April 2010 (soft opening)
23 June 2010 (official opening)
17 February 2011 (grand opening)
No. of rooms
2,561
Total gaming space
15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft)[1]
Signature attractions
Sands SkyPark
The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands
The Sands Expo and Convention Centre
Bay Floral
Marina Bay Club
Marina Bay Sands Art Path
ArtScience Museum
Wonder Full
Notable restaurants
Bread Street Kitchen
CUT
DB Bistro Moderne
Waku Ghin
Pizzeria
Sky on 57
Casino type
Land-based
Owner
Las Vegas Sands
Website
Marina Bay Sands
Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort fronting Marina Bay in Singapore, owned by the Las Vegas Sands corporation. At its opening in 2010, it was billed as the world's most expensive standalone casino property at S$8 billion, including the land cost.[2][3] The resort, designed by Moshe Safdie, includes a 2,561-room hotel, a 120,000-square-metre (1,300,000 sq ft) convention-exhibition centre, the 74,000-square-metre (800,000 sq ft) The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands mall, a museum, two large theatres, "celebrity chef" restaurants, two floating Crystal Pavilions, art-science exhibits, and the world's largest atrium casino with 500 tables and 1,600 slot machines. The complex is topped by a 340-metre-long (1,120 ft) SkyPark with a capacity of 3,900 people and a 150 m (490 ft) infinity swimming pool, set on top of the world's largest public cantilevered platform, which overhangs the north tower by 67 m (220 ft).[4][5] The 20-hectare resort was designed by Moshe Safdie architects.[6][7][8]
Marina Bay Sands was originally set to open in 2009, but its construction faced delays caused by escalating costs of material and labour shortages from the outset. The global financial crisis also pressured the owners, Las Vegas Sands, to delay its projects elsewhere to complete the integrated resort.[9] The resort and SkyPark were officially opened on 23 and 24 June 2010 as part of a two-day celebration, following the casino's opening on 27 April that year.[10] The SkyPark opened the following day. The theatres were completed in time for the first performance of Riverdance on 30 November. The indoor skating rink, which uses artificial ice, opened to a performance by Michelle Kwan on 18 December. The ArtScience Museum opened to the public and the debut of a 13-minute light, laser and water show called Wonder Full on 19 February 2011 marked the full completion of the integrated resort.
The grand opening of Marina Bay Sands was held on 17 February 2011. It also marked the opening of the seven celebrity chef restaurants.[11] The last portion of the Marina Bay Sands, the floating pavilions, were finally opened to the public when the two tenants, Louis Vuitton and Pangaea Club, opened on 18 and 22 September 2011, respectively.[12]
Contents
1 Background
2 Investment
3 Design and construction
4 Opening
5 Attractions
6 Transportation
7 In popular culture
8 Gallery
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Background[edit]
Marina Bay Sands is one of two winning proposals for Singapore's first integrated resorts, the other being the Resorts World Sentosa, which incorporates a family-friendly Universal Studios Theme Park (Universal Studios Singapore). The two large-scale resorts were conceived to meet Singapore's economic and tourism objectives for the next decade and will have 30-year casino licenses, exclusive for the first ten years. Bidders were assessed based on four criteria: tourism appeal and contribution, architectural concept and design, development investment, and strength of the consortium and partners
The infinity edge swimming pool in the Skypark
On 27 May 2006, Las Vegas Sands (LVS) was declared the winner with its business-oriented resort.[13] LVS submitted its winning bid on its own. Its original partner City Developments Limited (CDL), with a proposed 15% equity stake, pulled out of the partnership in the second phase of the tender process. CDL's CEO, Kwek Leng Beng said his company's pullout was a combination of factors—such as difficulties in getting numerous companies he owns to comply in time, as well as reluctance of some parties to disclose certain private information in probity checks required by the Singapore government.[14] However, Kwek was retained as an advisor for Sands' bid.
Investment[edit]
Inside the Marina Bay Sands Hotel
Las Vegas Sands initially committed to invest S$3.85 billion in the project, not including the fixed S$1.2 billion cost of the 6,000,000 square feet (560,000 m2) site itself.[15] With the escalating costs of materials, such as sand and steel, and labour shortages owing to other major infrastructure and property development in the country, Sheldon Adelson placed the total cost of the development at S$8.0 billion as of July 2009.[2][16]
Las Vegas Sands declared the undertaking as "one of the world's most challenging construction projects and certainly the most expensive stand-alone integrated resort property ever built".[17] It expects the casino to generate at least $1 billion in annual profit.[18] Two months after the initial phased opening, the casino attracts around 25,000 visitors daily, about a third being Singaporeans and permanent residents who pay a $100 daily entry levy or $2,000 for annual unlimited access.[19] Half a million gamblers passed through the casino in June 2010.[20] In the third quarter of 2012, the revenues of the Marina Bay Sands fell almost 28 per cent from a year earlier.[21]
For the economy, Marina Bay Sands is projected to stimulate an addition of $2.7 billion or 0.8% to Singapore's Gross Domestic Product by 2015, employing 10,000 people directly and 20,000 jobs being created in other industries.[14]
Design and construction[edit]
View of the 3 main towers, inspired by decks of cards
The resort is designed by Moshe Safdie, who says it was initially inspired by card decks.[6][8] The prominent feature of the design is the three hotel towers, which has 2,500 rooms and suites, and a continuous lobby at the base linked the three towers. The casino has a four-storey central atrium with four levels of gaming and entertainment in one space.[22] In addition to the hotel and the casino, other buildings include a 19,000 m2 (200,000 sq ft) ArtScience Museum,[7] and a convention centre with 110,000 m2 (1,200,000 sq ft) of space, capable of accommodating up to 45,000 people. The resort's architecture and major design changes along the way were also approved by its feng shui consultants, the late Chong Swan Lek and Louisa Ong-Lee.[23][24] Aedas[25] were responsible for employing all consultants and for developing, co-ordinating and implementing the design. The structural engineering for the project was handled by Arup with Parsons Brinckerhoff the MEP engineers. The main contractor was Ssangyong Engineering and Construction.[26][27]
Construction on 5 August 2009
A distinctive feature of the hotel is the SkyPark, a three-acre park on top of the building with swimming pools, gardens, and jogging paths. The structure bridges all three towers with a segment cantilevered off the north tower. The hull of the SkyPark was pre-fabricated off-site in 14 separate steel sections and then assembled on top of the towers.[28] There are four movement joints beneath the main pools, designed to help them withstand the natural motion of the towers, and each joint has a unique range of motion. The total range of motion is 500 millimetres (20 inches). In addition to wind, the hotel towers are also subject to settlement in the earth over time, so engineers built and installed custom jack legs to allow for future adjustment at more than 500 points beneath the pool system. This jacking system is important primarily to ensure the infinity edge of the pool continues to function properly.[29]
The three towers are broader at the base and narrow as they rise. Each tower has two asymmetric legs, with a curved eastern leg leaning against the other, creating a significant technical challenge in its construction. Substantial temporary structures were necessary to support the legs of the tower while they were under construction, and required real-time monitoring for continual assessment and analyses in the course of their erection.[30]
Opening[edit]
The Rain Oculus above the shopping mall canal was designed by Ned Kahn
Marina Bay Sands was originally planned to be completed in a single phase in 2009,[16] but rising construction costs and the financial crisis forced the company to open it in phases. The first phase's preview opening was further delayed until 27 April 2010, and the official opening was pushed back to 23 June 2010. The rest of the complex remained under construction and was opened after a grand opening on 17 February 2011.
On 27 April 2010, Marina Bay Sands had the first of a planned 3 to 4 phase openings. The casino, parts of the conference hall, a segment of the Shoppes, 963 hotel rooms and the event plaza were opened at the auspicious time of 3:18 p.m as part of the "preview opening".[31]
The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands
Marina Bay Sands Casino
View of a hallway in Marina Bay Sands
The Inter-Pacific Bar Association (IPBA) held the first conference at Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre on 2–5 May 2010, but the event was marred by uncompleted facilities and power failure during a speech. IPBA withheld payment of S$300,000 and was consequently sued by Marina Bay Sands.[32] In June IPBA counter-sued, describing the venue as a "complete disaster" and that its earlier payments had been imposed by "duress, fear and force".[32] An "amicable settlement" with undisclosed terms was announced in August.
On 23 June 2010, the resort had its official opening with a "2-day celebration"; this includes the Sands SkyPark, the Event Plaza along Marina Bay, more shops, additional dining options and nightlife offerings, and the rest of the hotel rooms. First day events included—a "World Championship Climb" on the glass facade of the building to the SkyPark, with seven teams of 21 top rock climbers from around the world competing, and an evening concert for 4,000 invited guests and customers, featuring Jacintha Abisheganaden, Sylvia Ratonel, Tabitha Nauser and Toni Braxton among others. The SkyPark was opened on the second day at 2 p.m.,[17] with about 2,000 adult tickets costing S$20 each sold.[33]
The two Sands theatres were completed in time for the first performance by Riverdance on 30 November 2010. The ArtScience Museum opened its doors to the public at 10 am on 19 February 2011. The highly anticipated musical The Lion King made its debut on 3 March 2011. The floating pavilions were opened when the tenants Louis Vuitton and Pangaea Club finished their refurbishment and opened on 18 September 2011 and 22 September 2011, respectively. The Lion King ran its last show on 30 October 2011.[34]
Attractions[edit]
View of the CBD skyline, City Hall, and Esplanade from the SkyPark
View of Singapore Flyer from the SkyPark
Marina Bay Sands has three 55-storey hotel towers which were topped out in July 2009. The three towers are connected by a 1 hectare roof terrace, Sands SkyPark.[35] The observation deck provides panoramic views across the bay.[36]
In front of the three towers include a Theatre Block, a Convention and Exhibition Facilities Block, as well as the Casino Block, which have up to 1,000 gaming tables and 1,400 slot machines. The ArtScience Museum is constructed next to the three blocks and has the shape of a lotus. Its roof is retractable, providing a waterfall through the roof of collected rainwater when closed in the day and laser shows when opened at night. In front of the Event Plaza is Wonder Full, a light and water show that is the largest in Southeast Asia and was produced by Laservision.[37] The ArtScience Museum and Wonder Full show opened on 17 February 2011.
Panorama of the infinity pool
The SkyPark has the world's longest elevated swimming pool,[38][29] with a 146-metre (479 ft) vanishing edge (a concept called as infinity pool) located 191 metres (627 ft) above ground. The pools are made up of 422,000 pounds (191,000 kg) of stainless steel and can hold 376,500 US gallons (1,425 cubic metres) of water. The SkyPark also has rooftop nightclubs such as Lavo (New York, Vegas) and Cé La Vi,[39] gardens, hundreds of trees and plants, and a public observatory deck on the cantilever with 360-degree views of the Singapore skyline. The SkyPark is accessible only to hotel guests for security reasons.
The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands have close to 93,000 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) of retail space with over 300 stores and F&B outlets, featuring boutiques such as Ralph Lauren, Chanel, Cartier, Prada, Gucci, Hermès, Emporio Armani, Chopard, REDValentino, Dior, Dunhill, Vertu, Miu Miu, Saint Laurent Paris, Salvatore Ferragamo, Montblanc, Blancpain, Vera Wang Bride, a Hermès watch boutique, and Herve Leger.
A canal runs through the length of the Shoppes, in the same style as The Venetian in Las Vegas. Sampan rides on the canal are available for guests and shoppers at the shopping mall, similar to the gondola rides available in the Venetian. Also housed within the Shoppes are six of the ten Celebrity Chef restaurants—Bread Street Kitchen (by Gordon Ramsay), Cut (by Wolfgang Puck), Waku Ghin (by Tetsuya Wakuda), Pizzeria and Osteria Mozza (by Mario Batali), Long Chim (by David Thompson) and DB Bistro & Oyster Bar (by Daniel Boulud).
There are two Crystal Pavilions. Despite a brief legal dispute in June 2011, it was decided that one of the Pavilions will house two nightclubs—Avalon and Pangaea. In addition, the second Pavilion houses the world's largest Louis Vuitton boutique, in addition to being on a floating island, at 1,900 m2 (20,000 sq ft), which is connected to the portion of the boutique in the Shoppes via an underwater tunnel. Both Pavilions opened in 2011 just before the 2011 Formula One season came to the Marina Bay Street Circuit.
The Sands Theatre and Grand Theatre seat 1,680 people and 2,155 people, respectively, with The Lion King showing, and international acts, such as Cirque Éloize and A. R. Rahman's Jai Ho, located in the latter during their world tours. The musical Wicked also had a limited run starting in 2011. Next to the theatres is a skating rink (synthetic ice) measuring 600 m2 (6,500 sq ft).
Dragonfire boxing is another regular event, which started on 5 May 2012 with the boxers Chris John with Daud Yordan.
Moshe Safdie designed an Art Path within the resort, incorporating installations by five artists including Zheng Chongbin, Antony Gormley and Sol LeWitt. The pieces are meant to play on environmental influences including light, water and wind, integrating art with architecture.[6][7][8][40]
Transportation[edit]
By Mass Rapid Transit (MRT):
Bayfront and Promenade on both the Circle Line and Downtown Line
Marina Bay on the Circle Line and North South Line
By public bus:
Services 97/97e, 106, 133, 502/502A, 518/518A, NR1, NR6
By water taxi:
From Grand Copthorne Water Front, Raffles Landing Side, Boat Quay, River Side Point and Robertson Quay
In popular culture[edit]
The trailer of the 2016 movie Independence Day: Resurgence has a scene depicting the destruction of the property after being caught in the gravitational pull of a hovering alien spacecraft.[41] It was also featured in the 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians, both in scenic B-roll of Singapore, as well as a setting towards the end of the film.
Gallery[edit]
Construction area taken from The Float at Marina Bay on 18 August 2007
Part of the parcel of land for Marina Bay Sands in the foreground prior to development. The parcel overlooks Singapore's financial district in the background.
Marina Bay Sands with Singapore Merlion
View of Marina Bay Sands in the background with Custom House located at the foreground
Aerial of the roof top pool Marina Bay Sands
Aerial of Marina Bay Sands Hotel, Singapore
Venetian gondolas in Mandalay Bay shopping mall
Rooftop Pool Marina bay, Singapore
See also[edit]
Singapore portal
Future developments in Singapore
List of tallest buildings in Singapore
Resorts World Sentosa
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Thiago Meister (15 December 2010). "A little 'sin' in Singapore". BBC Travel. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
^ Jump up to: a b "Las Vegas Sands says Singapore casino opening delayed". Asiaone.com. 8 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Marina Bay Sands set to open 27 April". Sbr.com.sg. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "21 climbers to scale Marina Bay Sands to mark opening". Channel NewsAsia. 21 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort, McGill University Library
^ Jump up to: a b c "Safdie Architects | Architecture & Design of Marina Bays Sands" (PDF). msafdie.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c The Welcoming Hand of Singapore, worldarchitecturenews.com
^ Jump up to: a b c Ballinger, Lucy (25 June 2010). "Dazzling new £4bn resort open in Singapore". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ "Marina Bay casino opens". Straits Times. 27 May 2010. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Uproar over Marina Bay Sands conference woes". Straits Times, 6 May 2010, page A1.
Jump up ^ "Grand Opening of Marina Bay Sands – Premier of 'ArtScience museum', 'Lion King' and 'Wonder Full' shows". 17 February 2011.
Jump up ^ "Big Grand Opening of Pangaea Singapore". Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "While Las Vegas Sands bets on conventions, Harrah's counts on fun factor". TODAYonline. 12 May 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sands' passion, track record will win the bid, says CDL chairman". TODAYonline. 5 April 2006.
Jump up ^ Las Vegas Sands Is Chosen to Build Singapore Casino
^ Jump up to: a b "Marina Bay Sands opening delayed to early next year". Channel NewsAsia. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "21 'spidermen' to scale glass facade of MBS". News.asiaone.com. 22 June 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Bi, Mingxin (29 April 2010). "Singapore bets big on casinos". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 24 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "IR set for 125k daily visitors". Straits Times. 23 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "25,000 visit MBS casino daily". Channel NewsAsia. 23 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Singapore casino revenues slow down". Investvine.com. 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
Jump up ^ Hoover, Kristin. "Marina Bay Sands: Safdie Architects". Arch2o.
Jump up ^ "Marina Bay Sands covers its bets". Relax.com.sg. 18 March 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Marina Bay Sands Moves into Heart of House
Jump up ^ "Green Mark Building, Marina Bay Sands". Green Mark Building Directory. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Korean firm has successfully finished building a modern version of the Babel Tower in Singapore ― the Marina Bay Sands Hotel". singaporebuilder.com.
Jump up ^ "Big Korean Construction Company Ranges Far From Home". Forbes. 16 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Hart, Sara (3 January 2011). "Marina Bay Sands". Architect Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b Natare Corporation Archived 14 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Engineering an Icon" (PDF). Structure Magazine: 29–33. June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Marina Bay Sands". Marina Bay Sands. 24 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sands Singapore Casino Sued for Conference Mishaps (Update1)". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-17. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Channel NewsAsia – Marina Bay Sands SkyPark opens; 2,000 tickets sold". Channel NewsAsia. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
Jump up ^ "'Last Roar on 30 October' Free goody bag Offer!". Showbiz. 1 October 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
Jump up ^ The Economist, "Sin galore", 26 February 2011, p. 72.
Jump up ^ Observation Deck on Sands Skypark - Marina Bay Sands
Jump up ^ "MBS launches cutting-edge light and water show". asiaone. 17 February 2011.
Jump up ^ [1], Video: Building the Marina Bay Sands SkyPark Pool.
Jump up ^ "Foxxy start to 2018 with LAVO opening at MBS". The New Paper. 2018-01-02. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
Jump up ^ Marina Bay Sands opens, 27 April 2010, archived from the original on 3 May 2010
Jump up ^ Hui Min, Chew (9 February 2016). "Singapore skyline 'destroyed' in trailer for movie Independence Day: Resurgence". The Straits Times. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
Further reading[edit]
Reid, Robert (August 2011). "Towering Imagination". Civil Engineering: the Magazine of the ASCE: 50–59. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Discusses the engineering behind the project.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marina Bay Sands.
Official website
Las Vegas Sands press release on winning integrated resort bid
Safdie Designing Ambitious Resort in Singapore (Architectural Record)
Moshe Safdie and Associates | Project Details of the Marina Bay Sands
Opening Event | Laservision
Coordinates: 1°16′57.54″N 103°51′30.30″E / 1.2826500°N 103.8584167°E / 1.2826500; 103.8584167
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values: மரீனா பே சாண்ட்ஸ் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: มารีนาเบย์แซนส์ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
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values: 濱海灣金沙酒店 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Marina_Bay_Sands rootpage-Marina_Bay_Sands skin-vector action-view