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List of The Life and Times of Juniper Lee episodes
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The Life and Times of Juniper Lee is an American cartoon series. It lasted for three seasons on Cartoon Network, debuting on May 30, 2005 and lasting until April 9, 2007. The show spanned 40 episodes across 3 seasons. All the episodes are directed by Frank Squillace.
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2005)
2.2 Season 2 (2005–06)
2.3 Season 3 (2006–07)
2.4 Shorts (2006–07)
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 May 30, 2005 (2005-05-30) August 26, 2005 (2005-08-26)
2 13 October 31, 2005 (2005-10-31) June 23, 2006 (2006-06-23)
3 14 August 16, 2006 (2006-08-16) April 9, 2007 (2007-04-09)
Shorts 6 December 28, 2006 May 14, 2007
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2005)[edit]
The Life and Times of Juniper Lee season 1 episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Storyboarded by
Original air date
Prod.
code
1
1 "It's Your Party and I'll Whine if I Want To" Judd Winick Frank Squillace May 30, 2005 (2005-05-30) 1
June has been doing her Te Xuan Ze business for just over a month, and it's become a real hassle for her. She's managed to flake out on her friends on a regular basis and, has managed to acquire a reputation for being weird. And now, one of her best friends, Jody, is having a birthday party. June gets called away because the Leprechauns have let loose the Racatan. Despite begging Ah-Mah to help out, June is forced to skip the party and save Orchid Bay City again.
2
2 "I've Got My Mind on My Mummy and My Mummy on My Mind" Judd Winick Brian Larsen and Fred Reyes June 10, 2005 (2005-06-10) 4
June has to stop a mummy who opened up his own restaurant.
3
3 "It Takes a Pillage" Tim McKeon Vincent Edwards and Jason Park June 17, 2005 (2005-06-17) 2
The spirits of Nordic Vikings take possession of June's friends and it's up to her, Monroe,and RayRay to get them back to normal.
4
4 "New Trickster in Town" Marsha Griffin David Chlystek and Shannon Eric Denton June 24, 2005 (2005-06-24) 3
June battles Loki, the god of pranks and lies.
5
5 "Not in My Backyard" Judd Winick David Chlystek and Shannon Eric Denton July 1, 2005 (2005-07-01) 5
June and Ray-Ray baby-sit a migrating Batoot.
6
6 "Enter Sandman" Tim McKeon Jim Schumann and Jill Trousdale July 8, 2005 (2005-07-08) 6
June tries out for the school talent show. But she must put her efforts on hold when everyone in the city falls asleep and they become victims of a plot by the Sandman, lord of the sleep realm.
7
7 "Ding Dong, the Witch Ain't Dead" Marsha Griffin Vincent Edwards and Jason Park July 15, 2005 (2005-07-15) 7
Many years ago, there once was an evil witch named Auntie Roon who battled the Te Xuan Ze of that time. She was defeated and also banished at the same time. Many years later, a 10th level Warlock has gotten together with a Pus Goblin and an Antelope Snake to release Auntie Roon where the sacred grounds are where the Orchid Bay Mall now stands. At the same time, June, Jody, Ophelia, and Roger try to get in line to get the latest album from the band called Ambiguous Angst. When Auntie Roon is released, she lifts the veil that was preventing the humans from seeing monsters and has her minions gather every teen and kid in one spot. How will June defeat Auntie Roon?
8
8 "I'll Get By with a Little Help from My Elf" Tim McKeon Alex Que and Harry Sabin July 22, 2005 (2005-07-22) 8
June becomes so busy with her duties as Te Xuan Ze that she asks for some assistance in clearing her schedule from a helper elf who is Local 492. But he ends up causing more trouble than he's worth. How can she get her job as the Te Xuan Ze done and finish her serious grounding matters at once?
9
9 "The World According to L.A.R.P." Tom Franck Fred Reyes and Brian Larsen July 29, 2005 (2005-07-29) 9
Maret, Grand Arch-Demon of the 6th Astral Plane, accidentally kidnaps Dennis.
10
10 "Magic Takes a Holiday" Marsha Griffin David Chlystek and Shannon Eric Denton August 5, 2005 (2005-08-05) 10
June goes to performing arts camp on Edipan.
11
11 "Take My Life. Please" Marsha Griffin Fred Reyes and Brian Larsen August 12, 2005 (2005-08-12) 11
The good 4th-degree sorceress named Ashley arrives in town while pursuing the Baguano. She volunteers to take over June's responsibilities as a bulwark against the forces of evil. June is tempted to let her. June tries to act normal and everything goes wrong. What will happen next after Ashley accidentally feeds a Fustertroll a cookie?
12
12 "Meet the Parent" Tim McKeon Jason Park and Vincent Edwards August 19, 2005 (2005-08-19) 12
Monroe's father, William, comes to visit.
13
13 "Monster Con" Judd Winick Alex Que and Jill Colbert Trousdale August 26, 2005 (2005-08-26) 13
The three-day magic convention called "The Convergence" has opened in town and June attends it. All monsters go there to hear her speak. But when an evil organization of bloodthirsty racists named H.A.M.(Humans for the Abolishment of Magic) breaks into the convention center and holds everybody there hostage, Ah-Mah is forced out of retirement to save the day.
Season 2 (2005–06)[edit]
The Life and Times of Juniper Lee season 2 episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Storyboarded by
Original air date
Prod.
code
14
1 "It's the Great Pumpkin, Juniper Lee" Adam Pava David Chlystek and Patrick Kochakji October 31, 2005 (2005-10-31) 15
Every Halloween all monsters become humans for the night; but a monster called Mark has contracted an agent demon, Vikki Devyne, to make him human forever. Thanks to Vikki Devyne, all the now-human monster children are unable to change back into monsters, and the parents turn to June to help. However, she has to make deals from getting a protein shake to wrestling a demon that goes by the name of "Jordan The Destroyer" managed by a Don King-hairdo styled wrestling promoter before midnight, or else they will not turn back into monsters and remain human permanently. Will June do this in the nick of time?
15
2 "Oh Brother, What Art Thou?" Tim McKeon Brian Larsen and Fred Reyes January 14, 2006 (2006-01-14) 14
Ray-Ray tests a growth potion that June has created for a dwarf giant (he's even smaller than Ray-Ray, leading to Monroe and some little humor, pun intended), but his experimentation causes a big problem becoming invisible and a T-Rex that's getting bigger by the minute. So June and Monroe try to create a new person and transfer Ray-Ray's brain into it. It works, but the monster has suddenly gotten a mind of its own and wants to eliminate them all. On top of that, the monster keeps growing bigger. Ray Ray doesn't want to banish it, but June tries to battle it. However, the monster overpowers June easily. Will they banish it before it's too late?
16
3 "The Great Escape" Marsha F. Griffin Alexander Que and Jill Colbert Trousdale January 21, 2006 (2006-01-21) 16
June and her friends are at the zoo, but when two camels speak to her, she suddenly learns from them that they are a group of magical beings trapped in the form of zoo animals because the zoo has a magical barrier. Now June must try to save them from a wicked zoo-keeper who is in reality a female demon named Gigi who drains magical energy from magical folk to stay young, and Gigi turns June into a ring-tailed lemur to drain her magical energy. Can Ray Ray and Monroe get there in the nick of time?
17
4 "Picture Day" Tim McKeon Brian Larsen and Fred Reyes January 28, 2006 (2006-01-28) 17
An evil demoness decides to make evil clones of June and her friends on picture day at school, so she sends her flunky to take the photographer's place. She then plans to use June's powers to free her father, Cordath the Conqueror, from magical banishment. When Evil Jody, Roger, and Ophelia are on the job, they try their best to capture the real June! So, when Jody just has enough of it, she zaps Juniper which makes her unconscious. Juniper wakes up and finds herself kidnapped. They've taken a picture where June was on the ground when Jody knocked her out, then they use her picture to make a clone of Juniper.
18
5 "Star Quality" Adam Pava and Judd Winick David Chlystek and Patrick Kochakji February 11, 2006 (2006-02-11) 18
After interfering in a television production called "The Wonderful World of Magic", the show's producer decides to make June the star of her own reality television show…without her knowledge or permission. Sure enough the show is a hit, and she's a superstar on Monster TV (which is located on any channel above 300 in Orchid Bay City's cable system). Even Ray Ray gets into the act, turning into June's manager, but Monroe isn't amused and neither is June, and she wants the show canceled. One problem: they're planning a special in over a billion monster households. Can June cancel the series and the special before it airs?
19
6 "There's No Mitzvah Like Snow Mitzvah" Marsha F. Griffin Alexander Que and Jill Colbert March 11, 2006 (2006-03-11) 19
During a Wizard of Oz-themed Bat Mitzvah for Jody's sister Rachael, June and the rest of the party are subjected inside a snow globe by Jean-Claude (and his contract killers), a former elder of magic who he was kicked out for being a traitor. Can June save the day and the party at the same time?
20
7 "Bada Bing Bada Boomfist" Tim McKeon Brian Larsen and Fred Reyes March 18, 2006 (2006-03-18) 20
One of Ray-Ray's comic book characters, Wrongness, is accidentally brought to life while June is fighting a demon who accidentally hits it with a magic spell. So while June and Monroe create a potion to make Wrongness (who now has a women's body for his disembodied head) back to the comic book, Ray Ray goes to the demon who animated him to bring Boomfist (the protagonist of the comic) into reality. Can the three get the superhero and his formidable foe back into the comic book before Orchid Bay City gets completely wiped off the map?
21
8 "Adventures in Babysitting" Judd Winick Jill Colbert and Alexander Que March 25, 2006 (2006-03-25) 21
After capturing a goblin who has wreaked havoc in the Orchid Bay City park, Ah-Mah tells Ray-Ray and June the story of how Juniper became the Te Xuan Ze and why she can see magical creatures. Several years ago, when Ah-Mah was still the Te Xuan Ze, she was becoming aware of her age and the drops in performance that brings. Unfortunately, her son shows no signs of becoming magical in any way, as do her grandchildren. When Ah-Mah babysits her grandchildren, her bracelet glows signifying a disturbance in the magic world. Juniper seems to feel this as a stomach ache. Meanwhile, some demon trolls led by Nester (who had fought Ah-Mah earlier) decide to find and take care of the new Te Xuan Ze before he or she can gain their powers. They come to Ah-Mah's house to find the new Te Xuan Ze, inadvertently triggering Juniper's dormant powers, causing one stripe of hair to turn white (She will dye it magenta later). The trolls use an amulet in an attempt to drain Juniper's magical energy, but Ray-Ray intervenes, accidentally transferring Juniper's magical sight to himself. Juniper starts to get the hang of her new powers and holds off all three trolls until Ah-Mah returns and finishes the job. Ray-Ray isn't too surprised that he doesn't remember, since in the grand scheme of things that would be considered a normal day for him. He's still confused why he doesn't have any other powers. Ah-Mah says that he should wonder why he doesn't have any—yet.
22
9 "June's Egg-cellent Adventure: Juniper Lee
Meets the Easter Bunny" Judd Winick Mike Kunkel and Jill Colbert April 14, 2006 (2006-04-14) 22
On the eve of the 7th annual Orchid Bay Park Easter Egg Hunt, Ray Ray is practicing to win the grand prize of twenty pounds of candy by less than honorable means. Meanwhile, Juniper asks Marcus to go with her to the event (she claims it's not a date). Monroe tells Ray Ray that the Easter Bunny won't leave him any gifts if he cheats to win. Ray Ray thinks he's lying, but Juniper confirms that the Easter Bunny not only exists, but there are thousands of them. Monroe then tells the story about Sweetland, where chickens make the eggs and the Easter Bunnies paint and deliver them. They are then sent by a pair of Easter Bunnies to Sweetland to intervene in a feud between the bunnies and the chickens, the latter of which are being led by Monroe's father, William. Little do they realize that a blue-skin enchanted rhinoceros named Mitch has set them up in order for him to take over the holiday and replace the candy and eggs with AA batteries and socks. Will everyone realize it before it's too late?
23
10 "I've Got You Under My Skin" Marsha F. Griffin Jill Colbert and Alexander Que May 12, 2006 (2006-05-12) 23
When Ah-Mah gets lost because she missed a flight on a dragon to mediate a dispute (which would later turn out to be a trap), Monroe uses a magic stone to make two Junipers but Ray-Ray gets in the way of the blast and turns into Juniper's double so they turn Monroe into a Ray-Ray so their mom won't be suspicious. She has to take her grandmother's place in the negotiations, sending them to school.
24
11 "Welcome Bat Otter" Tim McKeon Brian Larsen and Fred Reyes June 9, 2006 (2006-06-09) 24
Monsters are scared of a menace called the Bat Otter, so it's up to June to save the day…with some help from Skeeter Khomen-Gettit's anti-Bat Otter kit, that is. When June finds out its just a scam to make money, will she be able to expose the truth?
25
12 "Dog Show Afternoon" Judd Winick David Chlystek and Brian Larsen June 16, 2006 (2006-06-16) 25
When June's family plans to go on vacation, she signs up for a trip to Space Camp, but she must catch a mysterious creature called a Bombat before she can leave Orchid Bay. To do so, June must enter Monroe in a dog show. Unfortunately, she also learns a terrible price to being the Te Xuan Ze—June can't leave the city physically.
26
13 "Dream Date" Marsha F. Griffin David Chlystek and Peter Kochakji June 23, 2006 (2006-06-23) 26
June and Marcus go to the school dance, but Steven the Sandman has other plans for them as he plans to return to the Dream Realm.
Season 3 (2006–07)[edit]
The Life and Times of Juniper Lee season 3 episodes
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Storyboarded by
Original air date
Prod.
code
27
1 "Party Monsters" Tim McKeon Patrick Kochakji and Brian Larsen August 16, 2006 (2006-08-16) 301
At Jasmine’s birthday party, her relatives turn into monsters, thanks to a well-meaning but incompetent old friend and a magical orb. How can Jasmine and Junpier stop this before the entire house turns into creatures?
28
2 "Who's Your Daddy?" Marsha Griffin David Chlystek and Jill Colbert August 24, 2006 (2006-08-24) 302
Marcus encounters severe jealousy when a new boy named Taylor Evermore enters June’s life. Unfortunately, Taylor is the son of Loki.
29
3 "Water We Fighting For?" Tim McKeon Fred Reyes and Alex Que August 30, 2006 (2006-08-30) 303
The magical water from Orchid Bay is disappearing at an alarming rate when a water company is draining it. Juniper heads to Aqualandia to seek out its king to fix the problem before Orchid Bay is capsized.
30
4 "Feets Too Big" Judd Winick Patrick Kochakji and Jennifer Coyle September 8, 2006 (2006-09-08) 304
June and Roger's family are enjoying a camping trip until both their parents including Dennis are kidnapped by the legendary bigfoot. Juniper, Ray-Ray, and Monroe are on the search and they meet a new friend along the way named Lila the Sasquatch.
31
5 "Citizen June" Marsha F. Griffin Jill Colbert and David Chlystek September 15, 2006 (2006-09-15) 305
June runs for class president. Thor returns when he pursues a Vindolf Hobgoblin to her school which it's hiding in. If the Vindolf Hobgoblin isn't found soon, Thor will destroy the school to take out the monster.
32
6 "Make Me Up Before You Go-Go" Michael Jelenic Fred Reyes and Alex Que September 22, 2006 (2006-09-22) 306
June is helping Lila the Sasquatch learn to fit in by taking her to a slumber party at Jody's house. However, a pint-sized monster called a Monotuke is using an incoming comet to summon a pair of powerful monsters called Uglian Banticores.
33
7 "Out of the Past" Marsha F. Griffin Patrick Kochakji and Brian Larsen September 29, 2006 (2006-09-29) 307
A former Te Xuan Ze whose name is Kai Yee that became a traitor, is freed from being a statue thanks to the DaPheetes company and once again attempts to destroy the orb that gives life to the Magical Elders whom empower both Juniper and Ah-Mah making him stronger, which means it's up to both of them to have him intercepted.
34
8 "Sealed with a Fist!" Eric Kentoff Dave Chlystek and Jill Colbert November 3, 2006 (2006-11-03) 308
When Dennis finds June's Invasion of the Inanimations comic book, he accidentally brings the Legion of Villanous Evildoers (L.O.V.E.) to life, wreaking havoc on Orchid Bay. As Dennis tries to make it up to June, Ray Ray brings back Boomfist and his compadres to life, but is it enough to stop L.O.V.E.?
35
9 "Little Big Mah" Kevin Seccia Fred Reyes and Alex Que November 10, 2006 (2006-11-10) 309
Ah-Mah is made younger by a Darnock Demon, and now June has to help her turn back and stop the Darnock Demon from absorbing the power of the Elders. At the end of this episode, Juniper Lee meets a Magical Elder.
36
10 "Te Xuan Me?" Judd Winick Patrick Kochakji and Rafael Rosado November 24, 2006 (2006-11-24) 310
When June forecomes to a mysterious spell, causing her and all of her classmates to disappear not only from space but from time, Ray-Ray, who is the Te-Xuan-Ze in this new reality, and the only one who remembers June existed, must substitute for her while trying to convince everyone that June and her classmates existed and that he's not crazy.
37
11 "Food for Naught" Eric Kentoff Dave Chlystek and Jill Colbert December 1, 2006 (2006-12-01) 311
June investigates as the monsters in Orchid Bay City become fierce beasts. When she discovers that the source of this is in the Runey Stix snack food, she tries to persuade the snacks' creators, a pair of demons named Margie and Eloise to stop adding Tarabok Weed (the secret ingredient and also what's causing the transformations) in them, similar to the situation of the episode "Sweets" from Bromwell High. Will she succeed?
38
12 "A Helping H.A.M." Tim McKeon Alex Que and Fred Reyes December 15, 2006 (2006-12-15) 312
Fed up with the lack of respect, Monroe joins the secret organization known as H.A.M. when he is accidentally captured instead of June. Can June and Ray-Ray find Monroe before he ends up training a Zolera Beast?
39
13 "The Kids Stay in the Picture" Kevin Seccia Patrick Kochakji and Rafael Rosado February 5, 2007 (2007-02-05) 313
Ophelia wants June and her friends to be in her student film as Cordoth's Daughter plots to escape Barandom.
40
14 "Every Witch Way but Loose" Marsha F. Griffin Dave Chlystek and Jill Colbert April 9, 2007 (2007-04-09) 314
The origin of the magic veil and the Te Xuan Ze is revealed, Auntie Roon returns for a second time and plans to enslave humanity by turning June into a monster and breaking the Magical Touchstones. Jody becomes suspicious of June and Magic as Ray-Ray, Monroe, Dennis, and Lila try to prevent Auntie Roon from succeeding.
Shorts (2006–07)[edit]
The Life and Times of Juniper Lee shorts
No. in series
Title
Original air date
S01
"Monsters in My Potion" December 28, 2006 (2006-12-28)
June finds Ray Ray and Monroe tied upside-down with three monsters brewing something in the cauldron. She fights the monsters and dumps the cauldron. Later, another monster comes out from the bushes with a bag of groceries. June realizes that the monsters weren't going to cook Ray Ray and Monroe. So they sit down at the picnic table, and enjoy the soup. Ray Ray is still tied upside-down. Then Monroe puts an onion in Ray Ray's mouth to shut him up.
S2
"The Bus Stop" January 2, 2007 (2007-01-02)
June is waiting at the bus stop with Jody and Ophelia. The two-headed nerd creature shows up and starts bothering June to take a picture with her. Jody and Ophelia look at June as if there's something wrong. When the two-headed nerd stops disturbing June, she goes on the bus, and finds more monsters who want to take a photo of her.
S03
"Just a Second" January 5, 2007 (2007-01-05)
While June is waiting for Ray Ray to come downstairs, Ray Ray tries to fight off a monster in his room. He keeps throwing magical jars at the creature as it grows bigger. June calls Ray Ray to come downstairs, but Ray Ray keeps saying "Just a second" while fighting off the beast.
S04
"Nice Weather" January 6, 2007 (2007-01-06)
While June is brushing her hair to look nice on a date with Marcus, Ray Ray comes in her room and tells her he accidentally released the giant mucus troll in the living room. June tells Ray Ray to distract Marcus at the door while she fights off the creature.
S05
"Beach Blanket Monroe" January 6, 2007 (2007-01-06)
As June is relaxing at the beach, two creature kids with five-eyes throw Monroe around like a football. She rescues Monroe, but keeps the monster kids happy by giving them Ray Ray to throw around, much to his pleasure.
S06
"Big Monster in My Backyard" May 14, 2007 (2007-05-14)
When June misplaces her magical Te Xuan Ze bracelet, Ray Ray and Monroe unleash a monster in the backyard in order for the bracelet to go off so June can find it.
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text:
Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad
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Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Orissa (1717–1880)a
and
Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad (1882–1971)b
Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad
1717–1765
Coat of arms
Motto
Nil Desperandum
"There is no cause for despair, never despair"
Capital Murshidabadc
Languages English
Persian
Bengali
Hindi
Urdu
Arabic
Government Nobility
Historical era Mughal Empire
Company rule in India
• Emergence of the Mughal Empire 1526
• Established 1717
• Battle of Plassey 23 June 1757
• Battle of Buxar 22 October 1764
• Abolition of the title of Nawab of Bengal 1880
• Abdication of Mansoor Ali Khan, the last Nawab of Bengal 1 November 1880
• Emergence of the Nawab of Murshidabad 17 February 1882
• Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolishes titles, except those given by the Government of India to those who have made their mark in military and academic fields 26 January 1950
• Disestablished 1765
Population
• 1901 est. 75 million[1]
Preceded by Succeeded by
Bengal Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
Mughal Empire
Company rule in India
Bengal Presidency
British Raj
Today part of India
Bangladesh
a. Title abolished in 1880
b.
After Indian independence in 1947, followed by the promulgation of the Indian Constitution on 26 January 1950, which marked the transformation of the Dominion of India into the Republic of India, the Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolished all titles, except those given by the Government of India to those who have made their mark in military and academic fields. However, under the policy of Privy Purse nobles were allowed to enjoy certain privileges and keep their titles. However, this policy was abolished in 1971 by the twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India. Thus the title of the "Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad" was officially, constitutionally and legally abolished in 1971.
c.
Murshidabad was the capital for both the Nawabs of Bengal and the Nawabs of Murshidabad.
Part of a series on the
History of Bangladesh
Etymology
Timeline
Traditional
Urheimat
Ancient[show]
Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE
Bronze Age, c. 3300 – c. 1200 BCE
Iron Age, c. 1200 – c. 200 BCE
Janapada, c. 1200 – c. 600 BCE
Northern Black Polished Ware, c. 700 – c. 200 BCE
Pundra Kingdom, c. 700 – c. 200 BCE
Bengal in Mahabharata, c. 400 – c. 325 BCE
Gangaridai Kingdom, c. 350 – c. 325 BCE
Mauryan Empire, c. 325 – c. 185 BCE
Samatata Kingdom, c. 232 BCE – c. 800 AD
Shunga-Kushan Period, c. 185 BCE – c. 75 AD
Southwestern Silk Road, c. 114 BCE – c. 1450 AD
Indo-Roman trade relations, c. 30 BCE – c. 600 AD
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Gupta Empire, c. 240 – c. 550 AD
Sylhet-Assam Varmans, c. 350 – c. 650
Gauda Kingdom, c. 590 – c. 626
Khadga dynasty, c. 650 – c. 750
Pala Empire, c. 750 – c. 1100
Arrival of Islam, c. 800 – c. 1050
Harikela Kingdom, c. 900 – c. 1050
Candra dynasty, c. 900 – c. 1050
Sena dynasty, c. 1070 – c. 1320
Deva dynasty, c. 1100 – c. 1250
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Delhi Sultanate, c. 1204 – c. 1338
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Ilyas Shahi dynasty
Hussain Shahi dynasty
Karrani dynasty
Suri Dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556
Twelve Bhuyans, c. 1550 – c. 1620
Porto Grande de Bengala, c. 1528 – c. 1666
Chittagong-Arakan Kingdom, c. 1530 – c. 1666
Mughal Empire, c. 1576 – c. 1717
Bengal Subah
Modern[show]
Nawabs of Bengal, c. 1717 – c. 1757
Company Raj, c. 1757 – c. 1858
Faraizi Movement, c. 1818 – c. 1884
The Great Rebellion, c. 1857 – c. 1858
British Raj, c. 1858 – c. 1947
Bengal Renaissance
Eastern Bengal and Assam
Prime Minister of Bengal
East Bengal, c. 1947 – c. 1955
Bengali Language Movement
East Pakistan, c. 1955 – c. 1971
Six Point Movement
1969 uprising in East Pakistan
Pakistani general election, 1970
Bangladesh Liberation War, c. 1971
Declaration of Independence
Provisional Government of Bangladesh
1971 Bangladesh Genocide
Bangladesh Forces
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Bangladesh portal
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Soanian, c. 500,000 BCE
Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE
Bhirrana 7570 - 6200 BCE
Jhusi 7106 BCE
Lahuradewa 7000 BCE
Mehrgarh 7000 - 2600 BCE
Indus Valley Civilization, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE
Post Indus Valley Period, c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE
Vedic Civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE
Early Vedic Period
Rise of Śramaṇa movement
Later Vedic Period
Spread of Jainism - Parshvanatha
Spread of Jainism - Mahavira
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Maurya Dynasty, c. 322 – c. 185 BCE
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Kanva Dynasty, c. 75 – c. 30 BCE
Kushan Dynasty, c. 30 – c. 230 CE
Satavahana Dynasty, c. 30 BCE – c. 220 CE
Gupta Dynasty, c. 200 – c. 550 CE
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Chalukya Dynasty, c. 543 – c. 753 CE
Harsha's Dynasty, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE
Karakota Dynasty, c. 724 – c. 760 CE
Arab Invasion, c. 738 CE
Tripartite Struggle, c. 760 – c. 973 CE
Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty
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Chola Dynasty, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE
2nd Chalukya Dynasty, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE
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Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE
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Vijayanagara, c. 1336 – c. 1646 CE
Bengal Sultanate, c. 1342 – c. 1576 CE
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Mughal Dynasty, c. 1526 – c. 1540 CE
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Bengal Subah, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE
Maratha Empire, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE
Company Raj, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE
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The Great Rebellion, c. 1857 – c. 1858 CE
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The Nawabs of Bengal (full title, the Nawab Nizam of Bengal and Orissa) were the rulers of the then provinces of Bengal and Orissa. Between 1717 and 1765, they served as the rulers of the subah (or province) of Bengal. However, they were only nominally subordinate to the Mughal Empire. Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jafar. He lost to the British, who took over the charge of Bengal in 1757, installed Mir Jafar on the Masnad (throne) and established itself to a political power in Bengal.[2]
In 1765 the system of Dual Government was established, in which the Nawabs ruled on behalf of the British and were mere puppets to the British. In 1772 the system was abolished and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British. In 1793, when the Nizamat (governorship) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the mere pensioners of the British East India Company.[3][4] The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansur Ali Khan abdicated on 1 November 1880 in favour of his eldest son, Hassan Ali Mirza.[5]
Nawabs of Murshidabad succeeded the Nawabs of Bengal as Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, following Mansur Ali Khan's abdication[5][6] They got the title changed as the title of the Nawab of Bengal was abolished in 1880. They had little or no say in the share of the revenue collected and were ceased to use any force. After Indian Independence in 1947 it was declared that the princely states must accede to either India or Pakistan (East/West Pakistan).[7] Murshidabad (the capital city) became a part of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) for two days, as it had a Muslim majority. It became a part of India on 17 August 1947, following which the Pakistani flag was brought down from the Hazarduari Palace and the Indian tricolour was hoisted atop it. After merging with India, they had no power as the Government of India took over all the princely states in India.[7] The house of the Nawabs appeared to have come to end in 1969 with Waris Ali Mirza being the last reigning Nawab and with no clear succession.[8] Although he left three sons and three daughters there was no clear successor to the title after his death because he disinherited one and the others disputed his will.[8]
Eventually, in August 2014, the Supreme Court of India declared Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza (born 1942)[9] to be the heir to the erstwhile Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad and lawful heir to the Nawab's property and office which had been in abeyance since the death of Abbas Ali Mirza's maternal uncle Waris Ali Mirza (the third Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad) in 1969.[9] However, it is to be noted that after Indian independence in 1947, followed by the promulgation of the Indian Constitution on 26 January 1950, which marked the transformation of the Dominion of India into the Republic of India, the Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolished all titles, except those given by the Government of India to those who have made their mark in military and academic fields.[10] However, under the policy of Privy Purse nobles were allowed to enjoy certain privileges and keep their titles. But this policy was abolished in 1971 by the twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India. Thus the title of the "Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad" was officially, constitutionally and legally abolished in 1971.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Bengal
2 History before the Nawab's rule
2.1 Sultans of Bengal
2.2 Mughal Empire
2.3 Emergence of the Nawab Nizam of Bengal
3 History during the Nawab's rule
3.1 Dynasties
3.2 Under the Mughals
3.3 Maratha expeditions
3.4 Nawabs of Bengal under British rule and their decline
3.5 Emergence of the Nawab of Murshidabad and the Nawabs post Indian independence
4 List of the Nawabs of Bengal
5 List of the Nawabs of Murshidabad
6 Notes
7 External links
Bengal[edit]
Main articles: Bengal, Bengal Presidency, and Bengal Subah
The term "Bengal" incorporates to delineate the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal which including but not limited is all districts within the People's Republic of Bangladesh, as well as West Bengal, India.[12][13][14] During the first partition of Bengal in the early 20th century a new province, Eastern Bengal was created as a Lieutenant-Governorship along with Assam.[15] In 1911, East Bengal (now Bangladesh) was reunited with Bengal, and the new provinces in the east became: Assam, Bengal Province.[16] The Nawab thus gained rule over Orissa, which were earlier part of Bengal.[17][18][19] So sometimes That is why the Nawabs of Bengal were also mentioned as "Nawab of Bengal"[20] - where Nazim (or, Subahdar) means the provincial governor - as they ruled over three subahs while the Nawabs of Murshidabad were the local ruler of the city of Murshidabad.[21][self-published source?] The majority of modern Bengal is inhabited by Bengali people who speak the Bengali language.[22]
Modern Bengal include the present day country of Bangladesh and the present day Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura
1893 map of Bengal
1831 map of Hindustan showing the then Bengal in green in the north east
History before the Nawab's rule[edit]
Sultans of Bengal[edit]
The early Sultans of Bengal ruled until 1282 which was followed by the rule of several successive dynasties. Ilyas Shah founder of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, took complete charge of the then Bengal[23] and the capital was shifted to Sonargaon (near present day, Dhaka in Bangladesh).[24] He was one of the independent rulers of Bengal. His son, Sikandar Shah, who succeeded him, built the Adina Mosque at Pandua, near Gour, Adina Mosque in the medieval times, was considered to be the largest in undivided Bengal, as well as the entire Indian subcontinent.[25]
Mughal Empire[edit]
Emperor Akbar celebrates the Mughal conquest of Bengal
The Mughal Empire emerged as a powerful Empire in northern India. Babur, who was related to two legendary warriors – Timur and Genghis Khan, invaded north India and defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty.[26] Babur thus became the first Mughal emperor. He was succeeded by his son, Humayun. At the same time, Sher Shah Suri (alias Farid Khan) of the Suri dynasty rose to prominence and established himself as the ruler of the present day Bihar by defeating Ghiyasuddin Shah. But he lost to capture the kingdom because of sudden expedition of Humayun. In 1539, Sher Khan faced Humayun in the Battle of Chausa. He forced Humayun out of India. Assuming the title Sher Shah, he ascended the throne of Delhi. He also captured Agra and established control from Bengal in the east, to the Indus River in the west.[27] After his death he was succeeded by his son, Islam Shah Suri. But in 1544 the Suris were torn apart by internal conflicts. Humayun took this advantage and captured Lahore and Delhi, but he died in 1556 AD.[28] He was succeeded by Akbar, who defeated Daud Khan Karrani of Bengal's Karrani Dynasty (or, Karnani Dynasty). After this, the administration of the entire region of Bengal passed into the hands of governors appointed by the Mughal emperors, who ruled Bengal till 1716 AD.[29][30][31]
There were several posts under the Mughal administrative system during Akbar's reign. Diwani was a system of provincial revenue administration under the Mughals. Nizamat (civil administration) and Diwani (revenue administration) were the two main branches of the provincial administration under the Mughals.[29] A Subahdar (provincial viceroy or governor), also called a Nizam was in-charge of the Nizamat. There was a chain of subordinate officials under the Nizams on the executive side and under Diwans on the revenue and judicial side.[29]
Emergence of the Nawab Nizam of Bengal[edit]
Early nineteenth century view of Murshidabad, with the Katra Mosque in the backdrops.
Murshid Quli Khan arrived as the Diwan of Bengal in 1717 AD. Before his arrival, there were four Diwans. And, after his arrival, Azim-ush-Shan held the Nizam's office. Azim got into conflict with Murshid Quli Khan over imperial financial control. Considering the complaint of Khan, the then Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb ordered Azim to move to Bihar.[32] Upon his departure the two posts united in one and Murshid Quli Khan became the first Nizam cum Diwan of Bengal. Murshid Khan was appointed the "Nawab Nizam of Bengal" and he emerged as the ruler of Bengal under the Mughals.[29][33] Murshidabad remained the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal until their rule.[29][34] The Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah, was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jaffer.[35] He lost to the British East India Company, who took installed Mir Jaffer on the Masnad (throne), as a "puppet ruler" and established itself to a political power in Bengal.[36]
In 1765, Robert Clive, of the British East India Company, became the first British Governor of Bengal.[37] He secured in perpetuity for the Company the Diwani (revenue and civil justice) of the then Bengal subah from the then Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II and thus the system of Dual Government was established and the Bengal Presidency was formed. In 1772 the Dual Government system was abolished and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British. In 1793, when the Nizamat (military power and criminal justice) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the mere pensioners of the British East India Company. After the Revolt of 1857, Company rule in India ended and the British Crown took over the territories which were under the direct rule of the British East India Company in 1858, which marked the beginning of the British Raj. These territories, including the territory of the Nawab Nazims came under the direct rule of the British Crown and British Raj was established in India. Thus, the Nawab Nizams remained just the titular heads of their territory, which was now ruled by the British Crown, and they had no political or any other kind of control over the territory.[38][39] The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansoor Ali Khan abdicated on 1 November 1880 in favour of his eldest son.[40]
History during the Nawab's rule[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Bengal
Ancient Geopolitical units[show]
Pundravardhana
Vanga
Gangaridai
Samatata
Anga
Suhma
Harikela
Kamarupa
Ancient and Classical dynasties[show]
Nanda dynasty
Maurya dynasty
Shunga dynasty
Gupta dynasty
Varman dynasty
Gauda dynasty
Mallabhum dynasty
Khadga dynasty
Pala dynasty
Chandra dynasty
Chola dynasty
Sena dynasty
Deva dynasty
Medieval and Early Modern periods[show]
Delhi Sultanate
City states
Sonargaon
Lakhnauti
Satgaon
Bengal Sultanate
Ilyas Shahi dynasty
Hussain Shahi dynasty
Karrani dynasty
Sur Empire
Twelve Bhuyan Confederacy
Kingdom of Mrauk U
Jaintia Kingdom
Koch dynasty
Kingdom of Tripura
Kingdom of Bhurshut
Mughal Empire
Bengal Subah
Burdwan Raj
Rajshahi Raj
Nadia Raj
Bettiah Raj
Nawabs of Bengal
Zamindars
Maratha expeditions in Bengal
European colonisation[show]
Portuguese Chittagong
Dutch Bengal
French Bengal
Danish Bengal
Austrian Bengal
British India
Company rule
Bengal Presidency
Bengal famine of 1770
Partition of Bengal (1905)
Bengal famine of 1943
Direct Action Day
Indian Mutiny of 1857
British Raj
Bengal Renaissance
Eastern Bengal and Assam
Anti-colonial struggle
Partition of Bengal (1947)
East Bengal[show]
East Bengali refugees
East Pakistan[show]
1964 East Pakistan riots
Language Movement
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Liberation War
1971 Genocide
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Bangladesh[show]
People's Republic
Military coups
Bangladesh famine of 1974
Indian Bengal[show]
West Bengal
Tripura merger
Left Front
Naxalism
Barak Valley Language Movement
Gorkhaland
Calendar[show]
Bengali calendar
Malla calendar
Related[show]
Bengali literary history
Architecture of Bengal
Bangamata
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Dynasties[edit]
Tomb of Siraj-ud-Daulah at Khushbagh
From 1717 until 1880, three successive Islamic dynasties – Nasiri, Afshar and Najafi – ruled what was then known as Bengal.[41]
The first dynasty, the Nasiri, ruled from 1717 until 1740. The founder of the Nasiri, Murshid Quli Khan, was born a poor Deccani Odia Brahmin before being sold into slavery and bought by one Haji Shafi Isfahani, a Persian merchant from Isfahan who converted him to Islam. He entered the service of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and rose through the ranks before becoming the Nawab Nizam of Bengal in 1717, a post he held until his death in 1727. He in turn was succeeded by his son-in-law, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan.[42] After Shuja-ud-Din's death in 1739 he was succeeded by his son, Sarfaraz Khan, who held the rank, until he was killed in the Battle of Giria in 1741, and was succeeded by Alivardi Khan, former ruler of Patna, of the Afshar Dynasty in 1740.[43]
The second dynasty, the Afshar, ruled from 1740 to 1757. Siraj ud-Daulah (Alivardi Khan's grandson), the last Afshar Nawab was killed in the Battle of Plassey in 1757.[44] They were succeeded by the third and final dynasty to rule the whole Bengal, the Najafi.[45]
Under the Mughals[edit]
Bengal Subah was one of the wealthiest parts of the Mughal empire.[46] As the Mughal empire began to decline, the Nawabs grew in power, although nominally subordinate to the Mughal emperor.[29][47] They wielded great power in their own right and finally became independent rulers of the Bengal region, for all practical purposes, by the early 1700s.[47]
Maratha expeditions[edit]
Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur Kingdom of the Maratha Empire led the Maratha expeditions in Bengal.
Marathas undertook six expeditions in Bengal from 1741–1748. Maratha general, Raghunath Rao was able to annex Orissa to his kingdom and the larger confederacy permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa after the death of Murshid Quli Khan in 1727.[48] Constantly harassed by the Bhonsles, Orissa, Bengal and parts of Bihar were economically ruined. Alivardi Khan made peace with Raghunathrao in 1751 ceding in perpetuity Orissa up to the river Suvarnarekha, and agreeing to pay ₹12 lacs annually in lieu of the Chauth of Bengal and Bihar.[49]
The treaty included ₹20 lacs as Chauth for Bengal (includes both West Bengal and Bangladesh) and ₹12 lacs for Bihar (including Jharkhand). After this, Maratha promised never to cross the boundary of the Nawab of Bengal's territory.[50]
Thus, Baji Rao is hailed as the greatest Maratha chief after Shivaji because of his success in subjecting Muslim rulers of east India in states such as Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the Maratha rule.[51]
Nawabs of Bengal under British rule and their decline[edit]
Mir Jaffer meeting with Sir Robert Clive after the Battle of Plassey
The break-up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757.[44] Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a "puppet ruler" depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne.[44] Siraj-ud-Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle.[44] He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud-Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished.[38][39][52]
After the Revolt of 1857, Company rule in India ended, and all the territories which were under the rule of the British East India Company came under the British Crown in 1858, which marked the beginning of the British Raj. And administrative control of India came under the Indian Civil Service, which had administrative control over all areas in India, except the Princely States.[16]
Mansoor Ali Khan (aka Feradun Jah) was the last Nawab of Bengal. During his reign the Nizamat at Murshidabad became involved in debts. The then Government of India involved it into an action of preventing further claims. Feradun Jah left Murshidabad in February 1869 and started living in England. The title of "Nawab of Bengal" was abolished in 1880.[53] He returned to Bombay in October 1880 but spent most of his time pleading his case against the orders of the Government of India. After it was not resolved the Nawab renounced his styles and titles of Nawab Nizam of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and abdicated in favour of his eldest son at St. Ives, Maidenhead, on 1 November 1880.[53]
Emergence of the Nawab of Murshidabad and the Nawabs post Indian independence[edit]
The Nawabs of Murshidabad succeeded the Nawab Nizams of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa as Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, following Mansoor Ali Khan's abdication[29][40][54] Nawabs of Murshidabad were the successors of the Nawabs of Bengal. After Lord Clive secured the Diwani of Bengal from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in 1765 for the East India Company they did not have any effective authority. So they lavishly enjoyed their title, privileges alongside with the honours they received. They got the title changed as the title of the Nawab of Bengal was abolished in 1880.[29] They had little or no say and ceased to control any significant force.[29][55]
After Indian Independence in 1947, all the non-princely states were subject to a test of religious majority in which the Muslim majority areas formed the Dominion of Pakistan, while the other regions formed the Dominion of India.[7] Murshidabad (the capital city for both, the Nawabs of Bengal and the Nawabs of Murshidabad) became a part of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) for two days, as it had a Muslim majority. However, it became a part of India on 17 August 1947.[56] The Pakistani flag was brought down from the Hazarduari Palace and the Indian tricolour was hoisted atop the palace.[57] The Nawabs, after the takeover by the British had no actual power and after merging with India too, they had yielded power, as the Government of India took over control of all the areas that merged with India. Furthermore, with the promulgation of the Indian Constitution on 26 January 1950, the Dominion of India was transformed into the Republic of India, and the Article 18 of the Indian Constitution (which is a part of the Right to Equality, a fundamental right in India), titles were abolished. The Article prevents the state from confirming any title except those titles given by the Government to those who have made their mark in military and academic fields. Such titles and awards include the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Shri and the Padma Vibhushan (the Supreme Court of India, on 15 December 1995, upheld the validity of such awards). Thus, with the promulgation of the Constitution, the title of the Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad was abolished. And although, the Nawab Waris Ali Meerza held titles such as Raes ud-Daulah, they were not officially or legally recognised.[7][58]
Although, the Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad had no political power the office continued to be held by the second Nawab Bahadur Syed Wasif Ali Meerza Khan Bahadur, who had held the office since 1906, and after his death in 1959, he was succeeded by his son, Syed Wasif Ali Meerza Khan Bahadur.[7] Waris Ali Meerza died in 1969,[9] survived by his three sons and three daughters. According to the Nawab’s law, the eldest son of the Nawab succeeded him, however, Waris Ali's eldest son, Wakif Ali Meerza Bahadur, was excluded from the succession by his father for contracting a non-Muslim marriage and for not professing the Muslim religion.
Waris Ali Meerza, the third Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, died in 1969, and he took no steps during his lifetime to establish his succession. And before declaring his successor Waris Ali died. There was no clear successor to Waris Ali.[59]
Since then there was no clear successor to Waris Ali and the titular office/post was in dispute, and a legal battle ensued. And following this as the title was in dispute, a legal battle ensued. Abbas Ali Meerza claimed to be the legal heir of Waris Ali on the basis of being the son of the daughter of Waris Alis' father, the second Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, Wasif Ali Meerza; while Sajid Ali Meerza claimed the same on the basis of being the son by mut‘ah marriage of Wasif Ali. The case reached the Supreme Court and finally, the Supreme Court judges, Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice R K Agrawal, gave their judgement on 13 August 2014, declaring the then 72-year-old Abbas Ali Meerza (full name, Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Meerza), who happened to be the son of the only daughter of Waris Ali’s father, Wasif Ali Meerza (the third Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad), the successor and the legal heir to the former Nawab of Murshidabad, Waris Ali Meerza. The Court directed Abbas Ali Meerza, son of Syed Muhammad Sadeque Ali Meerza, to be the direct descendant of Waris Ali Meerza. However, the case against the state's annexation of the Murshidabad Estate, which is worth several thousand crores, is still on, as of 2014[update].[9][60]
However, it is to be noted that after Indian independence in 1947, followed by the promulgation of the Indian Constitution on 26 January 1950, which marked the transformation of the Dominion of India into the Republic of India, the Article 18 of the Indian Constitution abolished all titles, except those given by the Government of India to those who have made their mark in military and academic fields.[10] However, under the policy of Privy Purse nobles were allowed to enjoy certain privileges and keep their titles. But this policy was abolished in 1971 by the twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India. Thus the title of the "Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad" was officially, constitutionally and legally abolished in 1971.[11] Thus, as titles have been abolished in India, the title of the Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad no longer exists. However, Abbas Ali Meerza can now succeed Waris Ali Meerza's office legally, but his title of the fourth Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad would be unofficial, as the title is not legally and officially recognised.[9][60][61]
List of the Nawabs of Bengal[edit]
The following is a list of all the Nawabs of Bengal. Sarfaraz Khan and Mir Mohammad Jaffer Ali Khan (Mir Jaffer) were the only Nawabs to become the Nawab twice.[62] The chronology started in 1717 with Murshid Quli Khan and ended in 1881 with Mansoor Ali Khan's abdication.[29][40][62]
Portrait
Titular Name
Personal Name
Birth
Reign
Death
Nasiri Dynasty
Jaafar Khan Bahadur Nasiri Murshid Quli Khan 1665 1717–1727 1727[63][64][65]
Ala-ud-Din Haidar Jung Sarfaraz Khan After 1700 1727-1731 29 April 1740[66]
Shuja ud-Daula Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan Around 1670 (date not available) July 1731 – 26 August 1739 26 August 1739[67][68]
Ala-ud-Din Haidar Jung Sarfaraz Khan After 1700 13 March 1739 – April 1740 29 April 1740[66]
Afshar Dynasty
Hashim ud-Daula Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur Before 10 May 1671 29 April 1740 – 9 April 1756 9 April 1756[69][70]
Siraj ud-Daulah Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah 1733 April 1756 – 2 June 1757 2 July 1757[71][72]
Najafi Dynasty
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur Mir Mohammad Jaffer Ali Khan Bahadur 1691 June 1757 – October 1760 17 January 1765[73][74][75]
Itimad ud-Daulah Mir Qasim Ali Khan Bahadur ? 20 October 1760 – 1763 8 May 1777[76]
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur Mir Mohammad Jaffer Ali Khan Bahadur 1691 25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765 17 January 1765[76][77]
Nazam-ud-Daulah Najimuddin Ali Khan Bahadur 1750 5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766 8 May 1766[78]
Saif ud-Daulah Najabut Ali Khan Bahadur 1749 22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770 10 March 1770[79]
Mubarak ud-Daulah Ashraf Ali Khan Bahadur 1759 21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793 6 September 1793[80]
Azud ud-Daulah Babar Ali Khan Bahadur ? 1793 – 28 April 1810 28 April 1810[81]
Ali Jah Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan Bahadur ? 5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821 6 August 1821[82][83]
Walla Jah Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur ? 1821 – 30 October 1824 30 October 1824[84][85]
Humayun Jah Mubarak Ali Khan Bahadur 29 September 1810 1824 – 3 October 1838 3 October 1838[86][87][88]
Feradun Jah Syed Mansoor Ali Khan Bahadur 29 October 1830 29 October 1838 – 1 November 1880 (abdicated) 5 November 1884[89]
List of the Nawabs of Murshidabad[edit]
The Nawabs of Murshidabad succeeded the Nawabs of Bengal after the abdication in 1881 and the abolition of the title of Nawab of Bengal in 1880.[29][40] There have been four Nawabs of Murshidabad, as of 2014, as follows. However, it is to be noted that Waris Ali Mirza was the last official Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, for titles like these were abolished in 1971. Though Abbas Ali Mirza is the legal heir to Waris Ali Mirza's office, the title no longer enjoys legal sanctity owing to the abolition of the policy of Privy Purse by the twenty-sixth amendment to the Indian Constitution:[11]
Picture
Titular Name
Personal Name
Birth
Reign
Death
Najafi Dynasty
Ali Kadir Syed Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur 25 August 1846 17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906 25 December 1906[90][self-published source?][91]
Amir ul-Omrah Syed Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur 7 January 1875 December 1906 – 23 October 1959 23 October 1959[90][92]
Raes ud-Daulah Syed Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur 14 November 1901 1959 – 20 November 1969 20 November 1969[93]
N/A N/A Disputed/In abeyance[9][60] N/A 20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014 N/A
N/A Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur Circa 1942 13 August 2014 – Present[9][60] N/A
Notes[edit]
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Jump up ^ Singh, Vipul (2009). Longman History & Civics (Dual Government in Bengal). Pearson Education India. pp. 29–.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Mahato, Sukumar (20 August 2014). "Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
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