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Shameless (season 8)
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Shameless (season 8)
DVD Cover
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
12
Release
Original network
Showtime
Original release
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05) – January 28, 2018 (2018-01-28)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) episodes
The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale.[1] The season, which premiered on November 5, 2017,[2] consisted of a total of 12 episodes.[3]
This is also the last season to feature Isidora Goreshter as series regular, as she announced her departure from the series following the season finale.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Special Guest
1.3 Recurring
2 Episodes
3 Ratings
4 References
5 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
See also: List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters
Main[edit]
William H. Macy as Frank Gallagher[5]
Emmy Rossum as Fiona Gallagher[5]
Jeremy Allen White as Philip "Lip" Gallagher[6]
Ethan Cutkosky as Carl Gallagher
Shanola Hampton as Veronica Fisher[7]
Steve Howey as Kevin Ball[6]
Emma Kenney as Deborah "Debbie" Gallagher[6]
Cameron Monaghan as Ian Gallagher[8]
Isidora Goreshter as Svetlana Yevgenivna Fisher
Special Guest[edit]
Dermot Mulroney as Sean Pierce
Richard Flood as Ford[9]
Recurring[edit]
Christian Isaiah as Liam Gallagher[10]
Jim Hoffmaster as Kermit
Michael Patrick McGill as Tommy
Alan Rosenberg as Professor Youens
Ruby Modine as Sierra Morton[11]
Zack Pearlman as Neil[12]
Elliot Fletcher as Trevor
Juliette Angelo as Geneva
Alicia Coppola as Sue
Scott Michael Campbell as Brad
Levy Tran as Eddie
Jessica Szohr as Nessa Chabon[13]
Perry Mattfeld as Mel
David Brackett as Duran
Sharon Lawrence as Margo Mierzejewski
Faran Tahir as Adeeb[14]
Raffi Barsoumian as Bahir
Sammi Hanratty as Kassidi Gallagher
Chet Hanks as Charlie
Tina Ivlev as Freelania Alexeyevich
Scarlet Spencer as Xan
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
85
1 "We Become What We... Frank!" Iain B. MacDonald John Wells November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05) 1.86[15]
Fiona begins renovating and selling apartments in her new building. Frank returns from the monastery and begins to apologize to everyone he has wronged in the past. Lip tries to get his drinking problem under control while also trying to win back Sierra. Debbie gets a new job and begins night school where she's learning to become a welder. Ian tries to win back the heart of Trevor by helping teens at the youth center. Carl begins selling the meth that Monica left him and his siblings before she passed away while also staying in shape for military school over the summer break. Liam is used by the faculty of his new school to show off the school's diversity for prospective parents. Kevin learns some disturbing news about his health and Veronica tries to take back the Alibi from Svetlana.
86
2 "Where's My Meth?" Anthony Hemingway Nancy M. Pimental November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12) 1.37[16]
Fiona grapples with evicting someone from the apartment building. Frank finds a job for the first time and tries to be a respectable citizen. Lip tries to sabotage Sierra's relationship. Ian goes with Trevor to a chub bar in an effort to fix their relationship. Carl tries to sell Ian's portion of Monica's meth but makes a troubling discovery about her. Liam visits a rich friend's house and is astonished by the luxury that others have. Kevin is sent off to a cancer support group and finds people he can relate to, trying to be ready for the operation that is coming.
87
3 "God Bless Her Rotting Soul" Michael Morris Krista Vernoff November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19) 1.34[17]
While Kevin's tumour is benign, he becomes obsessed with being healthy and, upon researching his genetics, discovers that he comes from an inbred community in Kentucky. Fiona's evicted tenant destroys her room so Fiona attempts to find a new renter but comes into conflict with Nessa's girlfriend, Mel. Neil breaks up with Debbie. Ian continues to struggle with Monica's death. Lip tries to help Professor Yeouens deal with his alcoholism. Frank, now going by Francis, remains committed to becoming a better person. Svetlana tries to sell the Alibi, forcing Veronica to visit her in prison and make a deal, resulting in her release and partial-ownership of the bar. Monica's partner threatens the Gallaghers and they dig up her body in order to retrieve the meth.
88
4 "Fuck Paying It Forward" Regina King Dominique Morisseau November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26) 1.59[18]
Frank is helping as much as he can at Liam's school, and meets a potential love interest amongst the mothers. Fiona is furious when Sean, now clean and married, returns to try and make amends. Lip is sex-crazed, and ends up sleeping with his co-worker, Eddie (Levy Tran). Ian lets a shelter girl of Trevor's sleep over to help her out of a bad spot, and gets chewed out by Trevor for it, but later they make amends, and Ian promises to try and find a living situation for some of the shelter kids. Debbie has moved back in, and is sad to be missing Frannie's growing up because of work. Carl attempts to catch a junkie breaking into houses on the block. Another black child join Liam's school. Kevin and Veronica meet Kevin's family; Kev is overwrought with emotion, whereas Veronica fears his family is racist.
89
5 "The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart Gallagher" Iain B. MacDonald Sheila Callaghan December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03) 1.51[19]
Fiona tries to raise the profile of the neighborhood; Ian helps Trevor raise money for a youth shelter; Carl loses his scholarship; Lip stands up to a friend; Frank teaches parents about the working class.
90
6 "Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him" Zetna Fuentes Mark Steilen December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10) 1.52[20]
After she discovers one of her tenants dead, Fiona is forced to reflect on her own life, as the rift between her and Ian grows deeper. Meanwhile, Lip enlists Carl's help to search for his AA sponsor, Brad, after he started drinking again. After having sex with Duran, Debbie has a pregnancy scare and tries to get a morning-after pill. Frank enjoys having his first-ever credit card, while Kev and V are making discoveries about their sexualities.
91
7 "Occupy Fiona" Iain B. MacDonald Molly Smith Metzler December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17) 1.58[21]
Ian keeps testing Fiona's patience, and starts a "Occupy Fiona" movement next to her building. With the support of Brad, Lip tries to help Youens for his DUI trial, after the latter's fifth drunk driving conviction. Meanwhile, an unemployed Frank goes on a job hunt, while Debbie is facing a rude doctor at her own work. Carl gets close to Kassidi, one of his rehab clients, who comes up with a plan to get him easy money. An unsure Kev is learning how to sexually dominate V.
92
8 "Frank's Northern Southern Express" Emmy Rossum Nancy M. Pimental December 31, 2017 (2017-12-31) 0.81[22]
Fiona considers moving into one of her apartments, while she tries to get closer to Ford. Frank starts a business, by smuggling Muslims and drugs through the US-Canada border. Meanwhile, Lip interviews new AA sponsors, and discovers something about Charlie, Sierra's boyfriend. Ian confronts a pastor preaching gay conversion, as Carl tries to reconcile his job with Kassidi, his new mercurial]girlfriend. As she tries to find a new job and some money, Debbie thinks she may be pregnant again. Kev starts showing his dominating tricks against Svetlana at work, to the pleasure of V.
93
9 "The Fugees" Jeffrey Reiner Dominique Morisseau January 7, 2018 (2018-01-07) 1.65[23]
Frank's business takes a turn for the worse, as it sends him on the run through the Great White North. Ian's run-in with a minister brings about some unexpected and new allies. Meanwhile, Fiona tries and fails to fit in with Ford's group of friends, while Carl's new girlfriend Kassidi suffers separation anxiety. As he gets closer to Eddie, Lip must decide whether to tell Sierra about Charlie's secret baby or not. Debbie finds a new money opportunity thanks to the dog she is watching. After a visit from a former employee, Svetlana reveals to Kevin and V how bad she feels about her current miserable life.
94
10 "Church of Gay Jesus" Anna Mastro Sheila Callaghan January 14, 2018 (2018-01-14) 1.52[24]
Ian tries to get a handle on his newfound fame and attention from his "followers", as Frank finds a way to cash in. Meanwhile, Fiona struggles with her conscience as she decides to help the worker who fell off her roof. Lip deals with the sudden death of someone important to him, while Debbie starts doing some dangerous welding gigs. As Carl finds himself forced to marry Kassidi, Kev and V decide to help Svetlana to find a sugar daddy.
95
11 "A Gallagher Pedicure" Iain B. MacDonald Mark Steilen January 21, 2018 (2018-01-21) 1.52[25]
Fiona's homeless tenants sue her, while barricading themselves inside her apartment. Frank considers his retirement, while Lip decides to help a terrified Sierra against her newly released father. Despite warnings, Ian wants to provide sanctuary to a runaway teen, as Carl is showing Kassidi his life before dating her. After her injury, Debbie decides to sacrifice her toes surgery over her school, as she can't pay for both. As Kev and V are unable to get her a sugar daddy, Svetlana finds an unconventional solution to her problem.
96
12 "Sleepwalking" John Wells John Wells January 28, 2018 (2018-01-28) 1.73[26]
With the help of Ford, Fiona decides to "go Gallagher" to get rid of her homeless tenants and their lawsuit. Frank enrolls Liam in planning a burglary at his rich friend's house, but Liam is having second thoughts. After things got out of hand, Ian is forced to hide from the authorities. Debbie considers joint custody of Franny with Derek, in exchange for child support. As Lip makes a decision regarding his life and his relationship with Sierra, Carl tries to find a way to go back to military school behind Kassidi's back. Meanwhile, Kev and V help Svetlana to go through with her scheme.
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "We Become What We ... Frank!" November 5, 2017 0.7 1.86[15] 0.5 1.16 1.2 3.02[27]
2 "Where's My Meth?" November 12, 2017 0.5 1.37[16] N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 "God Bless Her Rotting Soul" November 19, 2017 0.5 1.34[17] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "Fuck Paying It Forward" November 26, 2017 0.6 1.59[18] 0.6 1.26 1.2 2.86[28]
5 "The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart
Gallagher" December 3, 2017 0.6 1.51[19] 0.5 1.42 1.1 2.93[29]
6 "Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him" December 10, 2017 0.5 1.52[20] 0.6 1.40 1.1 2.92[30]
7 "Occupy Fiona" December 17, 2017 0.5 1.58[21] N/A N/A N/A N/A
8 "Frank's Northern Southern Express" December 31, 2017 0.2 0.81[22] N/A N/A N/A N/A
9 "The Fugees" January 7, 2018 0.7 1.65[23] N/A N/A N/A N/A
10 "Church of Gay Jesus" January 14, 2018 0.6 1.52[24] 0.5 1.37 1.1 2.90[31]
11 "A Gallagher Pedicure" January 21, 2018 0.5 1.52[25] 0.6 1.38 1.1 2.89[32]
12 "Sleepwalking" January 28, 2018 0.6 1.73[26] 0.5 1.27 1.1 3.00[33]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 19, 2016). "'Shameless' Renewed For Season 8 By Showtime". Deadline. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jade, Saura (August 7, 2017). "TVLine Items: Shameless Return Date, DC's Legends Hails Caesar and More". TVLine. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Showtime(R) Picks Up Eighth Season of Its Hit Series "Shameless"". The Futon Critic. December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goreshter, Isidora (January 28, 2018). "All good things must come to an end". Instagram. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (December 14, 2016). "'Shameless': Emmy Rossum Resolves Salary Standoff, Paving Way for Season 8". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Callaghan, Shelia (June 21, 2017). "we're back, babies!". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hampton, Shanola (June 21, 2017). "When you get an email with your first table read of SEASON 8 on a show you've been on since the pilot, you can't help but give God praise!!!". Twitter. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Paolo, Lyn (June 21, 2017). "@cameronmonaghan See you soon..." Twitter. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (August 24, 2017). "'Shameless' Casts Richard Flood; Merit Leighton Joins 'Alexa & Katie'". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/891863-shameless-season-8-trailer-and-poster#/slide/1
Jump up ^ Modine, Ruby (June 26, 2017). "First table read". Instagram. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kenney, Emma (June 26, 2017). "GIRL VS VEGGIE BURGER. a truthful & telling series by @zackpearlman. friday night shoot vibezzz". Instagram. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (June 22, 2017). "Shameless enlists Jessica Szohr for Season 8 (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/891863-shameless-season-8-trailer-and-poster#/slide/1
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 7, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.5.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 14, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.12.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 21, 2017). "SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.19.2017". ShowBuzzDaily. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (November 29, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 11.26.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 5, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.3.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 12, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.10.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (December 19, 2017). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.17.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 3, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 12.31.2017". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 9, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.7.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 17, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.14.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 23, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.21.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Metcalf, Mitch (January 30, 2018). "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Sunday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.28.2018". Showbuzz Daily. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'American Horror Story: Cult' triples in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 30-Nov. 5". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 7, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' laps the field in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' outpaces everything else in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 27-Dec. 3". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Top Chef' premiere more than doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Dec. 4-10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'Nashville' grows by 400 percent in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 8-14". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'Assassination of Gianni Versace' posts solid gains in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 15-21". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'Waco' premiere doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Jan. 22-28". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
External links[edit]
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List of Shameless episodes on IMDb
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Episodes
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5
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Characters
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Action (firearms)
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This Firearm article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A view of the break-action of a typical double-barreled shotgun, with the action open and the extractor visible. The opening lever and the safety catch can also be clearly seen.
In firearms terminology, an action is the mechanism that handles the ammunition (loads, locks, fires, extracts and ejects) or the method by which that mechanism works. Breech-loading weapons have actions; actions are technically not present on muzzleloaders, as all are single-shot weapons with a closed off breech.
Actions can be categorized in several ways, including single action versus double action, break action versus bolt action, and others. The term action can also include short, long, and magnum if it is in reference to the length of the rifle’s receiver and the length of the bolt. The short action rifle usually can accommodate a cartridge length of 2.8 in (71 mm) or smaller. The long action rifle can accommodate a cartridge of 3.34 in (85 mm), and the magnum action rifle can accommodate cartridges of 3.6 in (91 mm), or longer in length.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Single shot breechblock actions
1.1 Dropping block
1.1.1 Tilting block
1.1.2 Falling block
1.1.3 Rolling block
1.2 Break-action
1.3 Hinged block
1.4 Bolt action
1.5 Rotating-drum action
1.6 Other actions
2 Repeating actions
2.1 Manual operation
2.1.1 Revolver
2.1.2 Bolt action
2.1.3 Pump-action
2.1.4 Lever-action
2.1.5 Lever release
2.1.6 Other actions
2.2 Automatic operation
2.2.1 Blowback operation
2.2.1.1 Examples of blowback operation
2.2.2 Blow-forward operation
2.2.3 Recoil operation
2.2.3.1 Examples of recoil operation
2.2.4 Gas operation
2.2.4.1 Examples of gas operation
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Single shot breechblock actions[edit]
Firearm actions
Dropping block[edit]
Dropping block are actions wherein the breechblock lowers or "drops" into the receiver to open the breech, usually actuated by an underlever. There are two principal types of dropping block: the tilting block and the falling block.
Tilting block[edit]
In a tilting block or pivoting block action, the breechblock is hinged on a pin mounted at the rear. When the lever is operated, the block tilts down and forward, exposing the chamber. The best-known pivoting block designs are the Peabody, the Peabody–Martini, and Ballard actions.
The original Peabody rifles, manufactured by the Providence Tool Company, used a manually cocked side-hammer. Swiss gunsmith Friedrich Martini developed a pivoting block action by modifying the Peabody, that incorporated a hammerless striker which was cocked by the operating lever with the same single, efficient motion that also pivoted the block. The 1871 Martini–Henry which replaced the "trapdoor" Snider–Enfield was the standard British Army rifle of the later Victorian era, and the Martini was also a popular action for civilian rifles.
Charles H. Ballard's self-cocking tilting-block action was produced by the Marlin Firearms Company from 1875, and earned a superlative reputation among long-range "Creedmoor" target shooters. Surviving Marlin Ballards are today highly prized by collectors, especially those mounted in the elaborate Swiss-style Schützen stocks of the day.
Falling block[edit]
Ruger No. 1 single-shot falling-block rifle with action open
Main article: Falling-block action
A falling-block action (also known as a sliding-block action) is a single-shot firearm action in which a solid metal breechblock slides vertically in grooves cut into the breech of the weapon and actuated by a lever. Examples of firearms using the falling block action are the Sharps rifle and Ruger No. 1.
Rolling block[edit]
Main article: Rolling block
In a rolling block action the breechblock takes the form of a part-cylinder, with a pivot pin through its axis. The operator rotates or "rolls" the block to open and close the breech; it is a simple, rugged and reliable design. Rolling blocks are most often associated with firearms made by Remington in the later 19th century; in the Remington action the hammer serves to lock the breech closed at the moment of firing, and the block in turn prevents the hammer from falling with the breech open.
Break-action[edit]
Main article: Break action
A break action is a type of firearm where the barrel(s) are hinged and can be "broken open" to expose the breech. Multi-barrel break action firearms are usually subdivided into over-and-under or side-by-side configurations for two barrel configurations or "combination gun" when mixed rifle and shotgun barrels are used.
Hinged block[edit]
Hinged block was the earliest metallic-cartridge breechloaders designed for general military issue began as conversions of muzzle-loading rifle-muskets. The upper rear portion of the barrel was filed or milled away and replaced by a hinged breechblock which opened upward to permit loading. An internal angled firing pin allowed the re-use of the rifle's existing side-hammer. The Allin action made by Springfield Arsenal in the US hinged forward; the Snider–Enfield used by the British opened to the side. Whereas the British quickly replaced the Snider with a dropping-block Peabody-style Martini action, the US Army felt the trapdoor action to be adequate and followed its muzzleloader conversions with the new-production Springfield Model 1873, which was the principal longarm of the Indian Wars and was still in service with some units in the Spanish–American War.
Bolt action[edit]
Main article: Bolt action
Although bolt actions are usually associated with fixed or detachable box magazines, in fact the first general-issue military breechloader was a single-shot bolt action: the paper-cartridge Prussian Needle Gun of 1841. France countered in 1866 with its superior Chassepot rifle, also a paper-cartridge bolt action. The first metallic-cartridge bolt actions in general military service were the Berdan Type II introduced by Russia in 1870, the Mauser Model 1871, and a modified Chassepot, the Gras rifle of 1874; all these were single-shots.
Today most top-level smallbore match rifles are single-shot bolt actions.
Single-shot bolt actions in .22 caliber were also widely manufactured as inexpensive "boys' guns" in the earlier 20th century; and there have been a few single-shot bolt-action shotguns, usually in .410 bore.
Rotating-drum action[edit]
Rotating-drum action first seen on the M1867 Werndl–Holub and later on the Magnum Research Lone Eagle pistol, the breech closure is a rotating drum with the same axis, but offset from the bore. When locked, a firing pin aligns with the primer and the breech is otherwise solid. When rotated open, a slot in the drum is exposed for extraction and feeding of a new round. Though first used on the Werndl-Holub, this action is commonly known as a cannon breech due to its association with the French 75mm Model of 1897 cannon. The French M1897 was, itself, based on William Hubbell's U.S. Patent 149,478.
Other actions[edit]
The Ferguson rifle: British Major Patrick Ferguson designed his rifle, considered to be the first military breechloader, in the 1770s. A plug-shaped breechblock was screw-threaded so that rotating the handle underneath would lower and raise it for loading with ball and loose powder; the flintlock action still required conventional priming.
The Hall rifle: First U.S. cavalry breechloader, originally made in flint but later made-in and converted-to percussion in 1830s-1840s. The breech section tilts up to accept a paper cartridge. Excellent machine-made construction, but still tended to leak gas at the breech.
The Kammerlader: A crank-operated Norwegian firearm produced around the time of the Prussian Needle-gun. Originally used a paper cartridge. Later many were converted to rimfire; this was the first Norwegian breechloader.
The Tarpley carbine: This is categorized into falling block action, but the breech block is hinged unlike the others.
The Morse Carbine: The mostly brass action is somewhat like Hall rifle, except it was designed to take a special centerfire cartridge. Very few of these were actually made and were constructed in the late 1850s.
The Joslyn rifle:
Rising Breech Carbine:
Repeating actions[edit]
Manual operation[edit]
Revolver[edit]
Main article: Revolver
Smith and Wesson M&P Revolver
A revolver houses cartridges in a rotary cylinder and rotates them in-line with the cylinder bore (actually a forcing cone) prior to each shot. Revolvers are most often handguns,[2] however examples of rifles and shotguns and cannon have been made. The cylinder is most often rotated by manipulation of the trigger and/or hammer, although some are "double action" using the manual pull of the trigger to rotate the cylinder and cock the hammer.
Bolt action[edit]
Barreled action for bolt-action rifle
Main article: Bolt action
In bolt-action firearms, the opening and closing of the breech is operated manually by a bolt. Opening the breech ejects a cartridge while subsequently closing the breech chambers a new round. The three predominant bolt-action systems are the Mauser, Lee–Enfield, and Mosin–Nagant systems.
US Navy M1895 Straight Pull Rifle
In the Mauser-style turn-bolt action,[3][4] the bolt handle must be rotated counter-clockwise, drawn rearward, pushed forward, and finally rotated clockwise back into lock. In a straight-pull action, the bolt lever can be cycled without rotating it, hence producing a reduced range of motion by the shooter from four movements to two, with the goal of increasing the rifle's rate of fire. The Ross and Schmidt–Rubin rifles load via stripper clips, albeit of an unusual paperboard and steel design in the Schmidt–Rubin rifle, while the Mannlicher uses en-bloc clips. The Schmidt–Rubin series, which culminated in the K31, are also known for being among the most accurate military rifles ever made. Yet another variant of the straight-pull bolt action, of which the M1895 Lee Navy is an example, is a camming action in which pulling the bolt handle causes the bolt to rock, freeing a stud from the receiver and unlocking the bolt.
Pump-action[edit]
A Winchester M1897, one of the first successful pump-action shotgun designs
Main article: Pump-action
In pump action or slide action firearms, a grip called the fore end is manually operated by the user to eject and chamber a new round. Pump actions are predominantly found in shotguns. An example of firearms using the pump action are the Remington 870 and Winchester Model 1897.
Lever-action[edit]
Main article: Lever-action
Lever-action firearms use a lever to eject and chamber cartridges. An example of firearms using lever action are the Winchester Repeating Rifle and Marlin Model 1894.
Lever release[edit]
Lever release[5] is a hybrid repeating action, that uses the physical manipulation of a lever to chamber cartridges (similar to lever-action firearms). However, unlike lever action, lever release firearms eject the cartridge independently of the lever, usually via blowback or gas operation.
Whilst the basic principle can be traced back to other self-ejecting rifles, such as the single shot Harrington & Richardson Model 755 rifle, the action has since been popularised in the UK by Southern Gun Company, who manufacture such rifles in a range of calibres[6], as the interrupted mechanism complies with The Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 which bans possession of self-loading centrefire rifles.
Other actions[edit]
Rotary cannon: Gatling gun, M134 Minigun
Chain gun: Hughes Chain Gun, Guycot Chain Rifle, Treeby chain gun
Kalthoff repeater
Cookson repeater
Belton flintlock
The Jennings Magazine Rifle
Meigs Sliding Guard Action Repeater
Roper repeater
The Orvill Robinson Model 2 rifle: Orvill Robinson, a New York-based firearms designer, developed two rifles. His first, patented in 1870 and commonly referred to by collectors as the "Model 1" though it has no official designation, was a precursor to straight-pull bolt actions like the Mannlicher M1886. The second rifle designed by Robinson, patented in 1872, was very different, employing a double hinged action that folded upward from the receiver to remove the spent casing and back down and forward to chamber a new round. Though hammer-fired, it is recognizable as a manually actuated ancestor of the toggle action found in firearms such as the Luger Parabellum 1908 pistol or Pedersen Rifle.
Krag-Petersson Rifle Though frequently classified as only single-shot firearms, one tilting block rifle usually falls under the category of repeating firearms. The , upon ejecting a round from the chamber, would load a round from the underbarrel magazine onto the loading surface of the tilting block, then raise it to the mouth of the chamber where the user could then easily push it forward into the chamber. Though this would not meet most standards of "repeating" for most modern users, the classification has been in use historically.
Remington-Rider Magazine Pistol has a manually-actuated rolling block action to pull a cartridge from a tubular magazine set below the barrel and simultaneously cock the weapon. The block was rolled back into battery, loading the cartridge into the chamber, by spring pressure while the hammer remained in the cocked position.
Remington Nylon 66 .22 Rimfire Semi-Automatic Rifle
Automatic operation[edit]
Blowback operation[edit]
Main article: Blowback (firearms)
A schematic of the lever-delayed blowback mechanism used in the FAMAS assault rifle.
Blowback operation is a system in which semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms operate through the energy created by combustion in the chamber and bore acting directly on the bolt face through the cartridge. In blowback operation the bolt is not locked to the chamber, relying only on spring pressure and inertia from the weight of the bolt to keep the action from opening too quickly. Blowback operation is used for low-powered cartridges due to the weight of the bolt required.
Delayed blowback actions use some mechanism to slow down rearward travel of the bolt, allowing this action to handle more powerful ammunition and/or reduced weight of the bolt.
Examples of blowback operation[edit]
Simple blowback: Halcón M-1943, Uzi submachine gun, Varan PMX-80
Lever-delayed blowback: FAMAS, Sterling 7.62, AA-52, 2B-A-40, TKB-517
Roller-delayed blowback: SIG 510, HK MP5, HK P9, HK G3
Gas-delayed blowback: Volkssturmgewehr 1-5, HK P7, Steyr GB
Toggle-delayed blowback: Schwarzlose MG M.07/12, Luger rifle and Pedersen rifle
Blish Lock: early Thompson submachine guns
Hesitation locked: Remington Model 51 and R51 pistols
Chamber-ring delayed blowback: Seecamp pistol
Blow-forward operation[edit]
Main article: Blow forward
Blow-Forward operation uses a fixed breech and moving barrel that is forced forward relative to the breech by the friction of the projectile against the bore as well as the breech recoiling away from the barrel. The barrel is spring loaded and returns automatically to chamber a fresh round from the magazine.[7] Examples of this action are the Steyr Mannlicher M1894, Hino Komuro M1908 Pistol and the Schwarzlose Model 1908.
Recoil operation[edit]
Main article: Recoil operation
Recoil operation is a type of locked-breech firearm action used in semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. It also uses energy from the combustion in the chamber acting directly on the bolt through the cartridge head, but in this case the firearm has a reciprocating barrel and breach assembly, combined with a bolt that locks to the breach. The breach remains locked as the bolt and barrel travel rearward together for some distance, allowing pressure in the chamber to drop to a safe level before the breech is opened.
Examples of recoil operation[edit]
Short-recoil: Colt M1911, MAB PA-15, Browning Hi-Power, HK USP, Glock, Mamba Pistol, M2 Browning machine gun, MG42, Vz 52 pistol, M82
Long-recoil: Browning Auto 5, Femaru STOP Pistol, Mars Automatic Pistol, Chauchat
Inertia: some Benelli shotguns
Gas operation[edit]
Main articles: Gas-operated reloading and Direct impingement
Gas operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is tapped through a hole in the barrel and diverted to operate the action. There are three basic types: long stroke gas piston (where the gas piston goes the same distance as the operating stroke of the action parts, and is often attached to the action parts), short stroke gas piston (where the gas piston travels a shorter distance than the operating stroke of the action parts), and direct impingement (AKA "direct gas", "gas impingement", where there is no piston, and the gas acts directly on the action parts). A fourth type, now considered obsolete and ineffective, are those systems based on the Bang rifle that utilize a muzzle cap to capture gas after the bullet has left the barrel. While this system is successful in boosting the operating power of recoil operated guns, it is insufficient and too susceptible to fouling for use as the primary operating system.
Examples of gas operation[edit]
Short-stroke gas piston: FN FAL, SAR-87, HK G36
Long-stroke gas piston: M1 Garand, AK-47, FN FNC
Direct impingement: MAS 49, M16, AG-42
Gas trap: Gewehr 41, Bang M1922 rifle[8]
See also[edit]
Locked-breech
Lock (firearm)
Matchlock
Wheellock
Flintlock
Caplock
Trigger
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shooting Vocabulary: Long-Action Bolt Rifles versus Short-Action Bolt Rifles". www.nssfblog.com.
Jump up ^ "Revolver History - Colt Revolver". www.samuelcolt.net.
Jump up ^ USOG (27 November 2016). "Best Straight Pull Rifle Actions - Blaser, Merkel Helix, Heym, Browning Acera" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Fieldsports Channel (7 December 2016). "Straight-Pull Rifle Test" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Gun Mart TV (15 December 2016). "Southern Gun Co LR9". Aceville Magazines Ltd. – via Gunmart.net.
Jump up ^ "Southern Gun Company Example Gun Builds". Southern Gun Company. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Cunningham, Grant (2012). Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Handguns. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 22. ISBN 1-4402-3276-8.
Jump up ^ "Experimental semi-automatic rifles, 1919-1931- excluding Garand's and Pedersen's rifles - Springfield Armory National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
External links[edit]
How Small Arms Work - Training Movie on YouTube
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&oldid=806214692"
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War for the Planet of the Apes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
War for the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Matt Reeves
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle (uncredited)
Starring
Andy Serkis
Woody Harrelson
Steve Zahn
Music by
Michael Giacchino[1]
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10) (SVA Theatre)[2]
July 14, 2017 (2017-07-14) (United States)
Running time
140 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$150 million[4]
Box office
$490.1 million[5]
War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), it is the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series, Battle for the Planet of the Apes, but it is not a direct remake.
Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[6] The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the acting (particularly Serkis), visual effects, story, musical score, and direction, and some calling it one of the best conclusions ever to a film trilogy.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Influences
5 Soundtrack
5.1 Track listing
6 Release
6.1 Marketing
6.2 Home media
7 Reception
7.1 Box office
7.2 Critical response
7.3 Future
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Two years after the U.S. military was called to fight off an increasingly intelligent and dangerous tribe of apes, starting a devastating war between the two species, the apes' clan, led by the chimpanzee Caesar, are attacked in the woods by a rogue paramilitary faction known as Alpha-Omega, led by a mysterious Colonel. Alpha-Omega has in its service apes (called "donkeys") that had previously followed Koba, a maniacal, human-hating bonobo who led a failed coup against Caesar and started the war after leading a vengeful attack against human survivors in San Francisco.
During Alpha-Omega's attack, the human soldiers are met by heavy ape resistance. Four soldiers and a "donkey" gorilla named Red are captured by the apes. Caesar arrives and releases the human soldiers, telling them to deliver a message to the Colonel - that he killed Koba for starting the war and that he desires peace between the humans and apes. Caesar then orders that Red be imprisoned but Red escapes, injuring albino gorilla Winter.
Soon after, Caesar's son, Blue Eyes, and his lieutenant Rocket return from a journey to find a safe haven for the apes. They report that they have found a place across the desert that is perfect for the clan. Winter, still frightened from the soldiers' attack, wants to leave immediately, but Caesar does not think they are prepared to leave so soon. That night, a group of Alpha-Omega soldiers, led by the Colonel, infiltrates the apes' home behind a waterfall. The apes discover their presence and kill them all except the Colonel, whom Caesar encounters preparing to escape. Discovering that the Colonel has killed his wife Cornelia along with Blue Eyes, an enraged Caesar lunges at the Colonel but fails to prevent him from escaping out of the waterfall. Upon discovering that Winter has disappeared, Luca, a gorilla and Caesar's secondary lieutenant, believes that he has betrayed them out of cowardice.
Leaving his younger son Cornelius in the care of Blue Eyes' mate Lake, Caesar departs to exact revenge on the Colonel for the deaths of his wife and oldest son. He is accompanied by Maurice, a orangutan and Caesar's adviser, Luca, and Rocket. The other apes head for the desert. During their journey, the apes enter an abandoned village, encounter a soldier, and kill him. Caesar, Maurice, Luca, and Rocket search the dead soldier's home. Maurice discovers a girl who the soldier was looking after. She is apparently unable to speak. Maurice befriends and adopts the girl, giving her a small rag doll.
Caesar's party eventually sneak inside an Alpha-Omega camp on a beach and encounter Winter, who has volunteered to become a "donkey" for the soldiers in return for sparing his life. He tells Caesar's group that the Colonel has departed for a location called the "border", where soldiers further north will meet them. Winter tries to call out to the Alpha-Omega soldiers to save him, and Caesar and the others restrain him from making noise. In the struggle, Caesar accidentally smothers and kills Winter. Caesar begins to worry that he is becoming like Koba by killing his fellow apes and seeking revenge.
While following the soldiers to the border, the group discover some soldiers who have been shot and left for dead. Their examination of a soldier who survived reveals that he, like the girl, cannot speak. At the soldier's urging, Caesar kills him. Later, they encounter Bad Ape, a reclusive chimpanzee hermit who lived in the Sierra Zoo before the Simian Flu pandemic. Bad Ape reveals that the human soldiers are encamped at the border and hesitantly agrees to lead them there.
When the group arrives at the border, they see hundreds of apes held captive inside a former quarantine facility. While getting a closer look, Luca is killed protecting Caesar from an Alpha-Omega patrol, angering Caesar and causing him to proceed alone. Caesar discovers that the captured apes belong to his clan, and are being forced to build a wall with no food or water. After Caesar is captured by Red, the Colonel reveals to Caesar that the Simian Flu virus has mutated and now causes humans who survived the original strain to become mute, which he believes is a sign of devolution to a primitive state. Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off remnants of the U.S. Army from the north who are coming to execute him because he favors massacring any infected humans, including his own son, to stop the spread of the virus. Caesar is commended by the Colonel for his intelligence, and the Colonel explains that he is fighting a "holy war" for humanity's survival.
While Caesar is tortured with starvation, the mute girl, whom Maurice names Nova, sneaks into the facility to give Caesar food, water, and her rag doll (originally given to her by Maurice). To prevent Nova from being discovered, Rocket allows himself to be captured as a diversion. The next day, the Colonel comes to see if Caesar is still alive, and confiscates Nova's doll upon discovering it. Together, Caesar and Rocket are able to work out a means of escape via an underground tunnel that leads out of the facility. Maurice and Bad Ape use the tunnel to rescue the apes, and Caesar orders the others to escape while he goes to confront the Colonel as the facility comes under attack by the northern army. Caesar reaches the Colonel and prepares to kill him, but discovers that Nova's doll has infected him with the mutated virus, rendering him unable to speak. Caesar spares the Colonel and watches as he uses his pistol to commit suicide, rather than regressing to a primitive state.
During the battle between Alpha-Omega and the northern army, the escaping apes come under fire from Alpha-Omega. Red watches the apes struggle to escape and being picked off by the humans, and seems to be disturbed by watching his own kind suffer such a fate. Caesar attempts to attack Alpha-Omega forces from behind, but is shot with a crossbow by Preacher, one of the Alpha-Omega soldiers he had previously set free. In an act of redemption, Red saves Caesar's life by killing Preacher with a grenade launcher, and gets shot by an Alpha-Omega superior as a result. In the chaos, Caesar blows up a large fuel tank, causing a cascade of explosions which destroys the Alpha-Omega facility, allowing the northern army to win the battle. However, the army is subsequently devastated by an avalanche, which Caesar and the other apes, carrying Nova, survive by climbing nearby trees.
The remaining apes depart the facility and cross the desert to find an oasis. While the other apes joyously celebrate their new home, Maurice discovers Caesar's wound. Maurice then speaks, telling the dying Caesar that Cornelius will know who his father was, what he stood for and what he did to protect the apes. Caesar then slowly and silently succumbs to his wounds, dying peacefully while Maurice mourns his passing as the other apes look on.
Cast[edit]
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, an intelligent common chimpanzee who is leader to a tribe of genetically enhanced apes.[8]
Steve Zahn as "Bad Ape", a common chimpanzee who lived in a zoo before the Simian Flu outbreak, and was a hermit before joining Caesar's group.[9][10]
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan who is Caesar's adviser.[8]
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee who is Caesar's brother-figure.[11]
Ty Olsson as Red, a Western lowland gorilla who was once a follower of Koba, now serving the Colonel to defeat Caesar. Olsson previously played Chief Hamill in Rise.[citation needed]
Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe.[citation needed]
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a genocidal ape who had previously waged war against the humans, and now appears in Caesar's hallucinations. Kebbell reprised the role from Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.
Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesar's wife.[8]
Sara Canning as Lake, a common chimpanzee in Caesar's tribe, who is also Blue Eyes' mate and later Cornelius's caretaker.[12]
Max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelia's oldest son.[13]
Devyn Dalton as Cornelius, Caesar and Cornelia's youngest son, and Blue Eyes' younger brother. Dalton previously played Cornelia in Rise.
Aleks Paunovic as Winter, an albino Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe who sided with the Colonel out of fear.[14]
Humans[edit]
Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, the leader of the paramilitary organization Alpha-Omega, who is obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to preserve humans as the dominant species.[15][16]
Amiah Miller as Nova, a mute orphan whom Maurice adopts as his daughter.[17][18]
Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier working under the Colonel in Alpha-Omega.[19]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Matt Reeves, Andy Serkis and Dylan Clark at New York Comic-Con 2016 for the War for the Planet of the Apes panel
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers.[20][21] During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. "...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where we left 'Dawn.'"[22] In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[23] By October 2015, it had been retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[9]
When director Reeves and screenwriter Bomback came on board to helm Dawn, the film already had a release date, which led to an accelerated production schedule. However, with the third installment, Fox wanted to give the duo plenty of time to write and make the film. Taking advantage of this, the two bonded with each other more than before.[24]
In interviews for Dawn, Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans: "As this story continues, we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn. That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with. Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never, ever wanted to deal with, and was hoping he could avoid. And now he is right in the middle of it. The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways, in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply. It’s going to be an epic story. I think you’ve probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary. The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times. This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history, and sort of leads to an almost biblical status. He is going to become like a mythic ape figure, like Moses."[25]
Toby Kebbell, who portrayed Koba in Dawn, had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters.[26] Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early, with Bomback saying, "If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, you hear Koba’s breathing. We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to. Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba – certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that didn’t get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."[27]
Casting[edit]
In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film.[28] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting.[15] In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film.[9] It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice,[8][17] while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes.[14][12]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title Hidden Fortress.[29][30] Filming was expected to take place there until early March 2016.[31] Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February.[32] In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions.[33]
Visual effects[edit]
As with Rise and Dawn, the visual effects for War were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI.
Influences[edit]
At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, "One of the first things that Mark and I did because we had just finished Dawn was that we decided to watch a million movies. We decided to do what people fantasize what Hollywood screenwriters get to do but no one actually does. We got Fox to give us a theater and we watched movie after movie. We watched every Planet of the Apes movie, war movies, westerns, Empire Strikes Back... We just thought, 'We have to pretend we have all the time in the world,' even though we had limited time. We got really inspired."[34]
Additionally, during production, Reeves and Bomback sought broader inspirations from films like Bridge on the River Kwai and The Great Escape. Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like Ben-Hur and The Ten Commandments. The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in Bridge on the River Kwai. Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in The Outlaw Josey Wales.[24] Influences from the film Apocalypse Now, notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists.[35][36][37] Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration.[38]
Soundtrack[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
July 7, 2017 (Digital)
July 21, 2017 (Physical)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Film score
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Spider-Man: Homecoming
(2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming2017 War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017) Coco
(2017)Coco2017
On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for Dawn, would return to compose War's score.[39] The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017,[40] and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on July 21, 2017.[41]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Michael Giacchino.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Apes’ Past is Prologue" 10:53
2. "Assault of the Earth" 5:29
3. "Exodus Wounds" 4:23
4. "The Posse Polonaise" 1:39
5. "The Bad Ape Bagatelle" 1:13
6. "Don’t Luca Now" 3:53
7. "Koba Dependent" 2:54
8. "The Ecstasy of the Bold" 1:57
9. "Apes Together Strong" 7:12
10. "A Tide in the Affairs of Apes" 5:31
11. "Planet of the Escapes" 2:42
12. "The Hating Game" 2:04
13. "A Man Named Suicide" 5:32
14. "More Red Than Alive" 2:41
15. "Migration" 2:03
16. "Paradise Found" 5:35
17. "End Credits" 9:30
Total length: 75:11
Release[edit]
The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to July 14, 2017.[42][6]
Marketing[edit]
Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis.[43] The footage aired during The Walking Dead on AMC.[44][45] The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape.[46] The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the same day.[47]
At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film.[48]
Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture.[49] Titled Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, the game is set for release for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017.[50]
Home media[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[51]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of October 19, 2017[update], War for the Planet of the Apes has grossed $146.7 million in the United States and Canada and $343.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $490.1 million, against a production budget of $150 million.[5]
In North America, the film was projected to gross $50–60 million in its opening weekend,[52] however, given its acclaimed status and strong word-of-mouth, rival studios believed the film had the potential to debut as high as $70–80 million.[4][53][54] War was closely monitored by analysts while the summer was witnessing a decline in ticket sales, a situation that they blamed on franchise fatigue for an overabundance of sequels and reboots (such as Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Transformers: The Last Knight and The Mummy). However, box office analysts noted that well-reviewed films have tended to perform in-line with estimates (Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming).[55][56][57] The film grossed $5 million from Thursday night previews at 3,021 theaters, up 22% from the $4.1 million earned by its predecessor, and $22.1 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $56.3 million, topping the box office, albeit with a 22% drop from Dawn's $72.6 million debut.[58][59] In its second weekend, the film grossed $20.9 million (a drop of 62.9%, more than the 50.4% fall Dawn saw), finishing 4th at the box office.[60] In its third weekend, the film made $10.5 million (dropping another 49.9%), finishing 6th at the box office. It was lower than the third weeks of both Rise ($16.1 million) and Dawn ($16.8 million).[61]
Outside North America, War for the Planet of the Apes is receiving a scattered release in a span of three months (July–September). The film began its release in about a third of the marketplace on July 14, albeit only in two major markets, and was projected to have an opening of $50–60 million, with the potential to go higher if smaller Asian markets over-perform, as they have for recent tent poles.[4] The film ended up having an international debut of $44.2 million, including $9.27 million in the United Kingdom.[62]
Critical response[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim for the performances of its cast (particularly Serkis), direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography and morally complex storyline.[63] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93%, based on 274 reviews, with a rating average of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War for the Planet of the Apes combines breathtaking special effects and a powerful, poignant narrative to conclude this rebooted trilogy on a powerful – and truly blockbuster – note."[64] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[65] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its two immediate predecessors.[58] Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.5 out of 10, saying: "War for the Planet of the Apes is an excellent closing act to this rebooted trilogy, but also one that does enough world-building that the series can potentially continue from here – and it’s a rare case where, after three movies, we’re left wanting more."[citation needed]
A.O. Scott of The New York Times said of the film, "“War for the Planet of the Apes,” directed by Matt Reeves, is the grimmest episode so far, and also the strongest, a superb example — rare in this era of sloppily constructed, commercially hedged cinematic universes — of clear thinking wedded to inventive technique in popular filmmaking," and lauded Andy Serkis's performance in the film, stating that "Andy Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."[66] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed "with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold," and went on to say that "War for the Planet of the Apes – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original.[67] Eric Kohn of Indiewire gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying "It’s a given that an expensive 21st century sci-fi movie with talking animals, exploding tanks, and jarring machine guns would look and sound great, but Reeves applies these effects with such a measured strategy that they’re always working in service of a greater narrative agenda." Kohn went on to applaud the visuals, cinematography, and musical score, stating that "The breathlessly paced montage of flying bullets and angry monkeys raining down on terrified men, aided by Michael Giacchino’s vibrant score, is a strong indicator of the next-level craftsmanship that distinguishes these movies from so many cacophonous Hollywood spectacles; not only is the action easy to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear."[68]
Future[edit]
In October 2016, it was announced that a fourth Planet of the Apes film is already being planned.[69][70]
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External links[edit]
Official website
War for the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
War for the Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Planet of the Apes
Films
Original series
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Television
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975)
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998)
Video games
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Revenge of the Apes (2003)
Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)
Other
La Planète des Singes
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Star Trek/Planet of the Apes: The Primate Directive
Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes
Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Matt Reeves
The Pallbearer (1996)
Cloverfield (2008)
Let Me In (2010)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Films by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver
Written and produced
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
Written
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992, Silver only)
Eye for an Eye (1996)
The Relic (1997)
Jurassic World (2015)
In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
Avatar 3 (2021)
Produced
Love Shack (2010)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
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values: Войната за планетата на маймуните – Bulgarian

values: War for the Planet of the Apes – Catalan

values: War for the Planet of the Apes – Spanish

values: جنگ برای سیاره میمون‌ها – Persian

values: La Planète des singes : Suprématie – French

values: 혹성탈출: 종의 전쟁 – Korean

values: Կապիկների մոլորակը: Պատերազմ – Armenian

values: War for the Planet of the Apes – Indonesian

values: The War - Il pianeta delle scimmie – Italian

values: כוכב הקופים: המלחמה – Hebrew

values: War for the Planet of the Apes – Norwegian

values: Planeta dos Macacos: A Guerra – Portuguese

values: Планета обезьян: Война – Russian

values: Планета мајмуна: Рат – Serbian

values: มหาสงครามพิภพวานร – Thai

values: Війна за планету мавп – Ukrainian

values: 猩球崛起：終極決戰 – Chinese

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