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List of movie theater chains
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A screening of Shrek the Third at the Vispathè cinema, in Campi Bisenzio, Italy
IMAX at Gading XXI, North Jakarta (second largest IMAX in Indonesia)
This is a list of movie theater chains across the world. The chains are listed alphabetically by continent and then by country.
Contents
1 Africa
1.1 Ghana
1.2 Morocco
1.3 Nigeria
1.4 South Africa
2 Americas
2.1 Argentina
2.2 Bolivia
2.3 Brazil
2.4 Canada
2.5 Chile
2.6 Colombia
2.7 Dominican Republic
2.8 Ecuador
2.9 El Salvador
2.10 Mexico
2.10.1 Defunct brands in Mexico
2.11 Panama
2.12 Paraguay
2.13 Peru
2.14 Puerto Rico
2.15 Suriname
2.16 Trinidad and Tobago
2.17 United States
2.18 Venezuela
3 Asia
3.1 Afghanistan
3.2 Saudi Arabia
3.3 Nepal
3.4 Bangladesh
3.5 China
3.5.1 Hong Kong
3.6 India
3.7 Indonesia
3.8 Iran
3.9 Israel
3.10 Japan
3.11 Kuwait
3.12 Malaysia
3.13 Pakistan
3.14 Philippines
3.15 Russia
3.16 Singapore
3.17 South Korea
3.18 Taiwan
3.19 Thailand
3.20 Turkey
3.21 United Arab Emirates
3.22 Vietnam
4 Europe
4.1 Belgium
4.2 France
4.3 Germany
4.4 Italy
4.5 Spain
4.6 Switzerland
4.7 United Kingdom
4.8 Rest of Europe
4.9 Former chains
5 Oceania
5.1 Australia
5.2 New Zealand
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Africa[edit]
Ghana[edit]
Silverbird Cinemas – in 2 locations in Accra, Ghana
Morocco[edit]
Megarama – operating in Casablanca, Marrakesh and Fez, with more cities coming
IMAX – inside Morocco Mall, Casablanca
La Renaissance – independent cinema in Rabat; includes a restaurant and a music venue
Nigeria[edit]
Silverbird Cinemas – As at 2016, the largest cinema chain in West Africa in-terms of screen numbers, with 69 screens. It has 8 theatres located in Lagos, Abuja, Port-Harcourt, Ikeja, Uyo and Accra-Ghana.[1][2]
FilmHouse cinemas – with 10 cinemas as at 2016, it is the largest cinema chain in West Africa in terms of location numbers. It has 44 screens in Lagos, Ibadan, Lekki, Calabar, Akure, Port Harcourt, Kano and Asaba as at December 2016. The company was established in 2012 and it is aiming to have 25 cinemas in six years.[3]
Genesis Deluxe cinemas – with over 15 screens and 7 theatres, located in Lagos, Lekki, Port-Harcourt, Enugu, Effurun and Owerri. It was the first cinema in West Africa to show a 3D movie.[4]
Viva Cinemas – with 7 screens and 2 theatres in Ilorin and Ibadan. The company started operations in 2015.[5]
Ozone Cinemas – with 4 screens located in Lagos. It is the first multiplex cinema to be built on the mainland of Lagos.[6]
IMAX Cinema Lekki
South Africa[edit]
Ster-Kinekor – operating throughout South Africa, it has the largest market share
Nu Metro Cinemas – 17 locations in South Africa
CineCentre
Americas[edit]
The National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) is the largest exhibition trade organization in the world. According to their figures, the top four chains represent almost half of the theater screens in North America. NATO states that the number of U.S. movie screens as of December 2014 are 39,356 indoor screens on 5,463 sites and 656 Drive-In screens on 393 sites.[7] In 2016 this number had increased to a total of 40,174 screens, 39,579 of them indoor.[8]
Rank
Circuit
Headquarters
Screens
Sites
1 AMC Entertainment Inc Leawood, KS 11,247 1,027[9]
2 Regal Entertainment Group Knoxville, TN 7,306 558[10]
3 Cinemark Theatres Plano, TX 5,957 533[11]
4 Cinépolis Morelia, MIC 5,251 335[12]
5 Cineplex Entertainment Toronto, ON 1,676 164[13]
6 Marcus Theatres Milwaukee, WI 681 53
8 Southern Theatres New Orleans, LA 469 41
7 Harkins Theatres Phoenix, AZ 515 34
9 B&B Theatres Liberty, MO 409 50
10 Malco Theaters Memphis Tn. 340 33
Argentina[edit]
Hoyts
Village Cinemas
Cinemark
Showcase Cinemas
IMAX
Bolivia[edit]
Multicine
Cine Center
Cinemark
Brazil[edit]
Afa Cinemas
Araújo
Arteplex
Box
Centerplex
Cine Show
Cineart
Cinearte
Cinemagic
Cinemais
Cinemaniaca
Cinemark Theatres
CinemaxX
Cineplex
Cineplus
Cinépolis
Cinesystem
Cinespaço (Espaço)
Estação
GNC Cinemas
Grupo Arcoíris
Grupo Cine
Guion
Lumiere
Moviecom
Multi Star
Orient
PlayArte
PMC
Roxy Cinemas
Sala de Arte
UCI Cinemas
Usiminas
Cine A
Cineflix
Cinesercla
M.M.C. Cinemas
Multicine
AGA Cinematográfica
Kinoplex
Canada[edit]
Alliance Cinemas – after selling its BC locations, it now operates only one theater in Toronto
AMC Theatres (defunct) – as of July 2012 AMC divested of its Canadian operations, selling four to Cineplex, two to Empire Theatres which were later sold to Landmark Cinemas in 2013, closing two.
Ciné Entreprise[14] – independent theatre chain based in rural Québec
Cinémas Guzzo – 10 locations and 142 screens in the Montreal area
Cineplex Entertainment – Canada's largest and North America's fifth-largest movie theater company, with 162 locations and 1,635 screens
Cinema City – discount chain in Western Canada, purchased by Cineplex
Cineplex Odeon Cinemas – operations in both Canada and the United States. Operations in each country is owned by separate companies. Cineplex Entertainment in Canada and AMC Theatres in the United States.
Colossus (theatre) – a Famous Players brand, now owned by Cineplex
Famous Players – formerly Canada's largest theatre chain; purchased by Cineplex Entertainment in 2005
Fortune Cinemas – a movie theatre chain that operated in Canada. Cineplex has sold seven theatres in March 2006 in Quebec to Chelsea-based Fortune Cinemas Inc. Cineplex Entertainment later acquired (or in this case, re-acquired) some of Fortune Cinemas theatres after they went bankrupt.
Galaxy Cinemas – mid-sized chain that was the parent company to Cineplex Entertainment. Galaxy purchased bankrupt Cineplex in 2003.
Scotiabank Theatres – a Cineplex brand
SilverCity – a Famous Players brand, now owned by Cineplex
CinéStarz – small chain that operates 5 theaters: 3 in Quebec and 2 in Ontario
Empire Theatres (Defunct) – closed on October 29, 2013, by selling most of their locations to Cineplex Entertainment and Landmark Cinemas and closing 3 others that were not included in the sales. It was formerly Canada's second-largest chain.
film.ca Cinemas[15] – a small Canadian operator with one location in Oakville, ON
Imagine Cinemas – 14 locations and 90 screens, in Ontario and BC.
Landmark Cinemas – Canada's second-largest chain with 48 locations and 306 screens in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and the Yukon
Premier Theatres[16] – operates 5 drive-in theaters and 4 cinemas with a total of 23 screens in Ontario and Yellowknife NWT
Rainbow and Magic Lantern Cinemas – 9 locations and 36 screens operating in Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan
Stinson Theatres (defunct)
Tinseltown Movies 12 theatre – a theatre purchased by Cineplex that was operated by the American chain, Cinemark, in the Gastown neighbourhood of Vancouver
Chile[edit]
El Biógrafo
Cine Arte Alameda
Cine Arte Normandie
Cine Star
Cinemark
Cineplanet
Hoyts (owned in Chile by Cinépolis)
Pavilion
Colombia[edit]
Cine Colombia
Cineland
Cinemark
Cinépolis
Imax
Procinal
Royal Films
Dominican Republic[edit]
Caribbean Cinemas
Palacio del Cine
Ecuador[edit]
Cinemark
Cinex
Max Cinema
Multicines
Supercines
El Salvador[edit]
Cinemark
Cinépolis
Multicinema
Mexico[edit]
Cinemex
Cinépolis
Cinetop
The Movie Company
Gocinema
Henry Cinemas
CitiCinemas
Cinemagic

Defunct brands in Mexico[edit]
MMcinemas (bought by Cinemex)
Cinemas Lumiere
Cinemark (bought by Cinemex)
Cinemas Gemelos and Multicinemas – part of the brand Organización Ramírez and were the largest cinema chains in the country
AMC Theatres – existed a short time since the early 90s in Galerias Coapa, Perisur, Pericentro (naucalpan), and Pabellon Cuauhtemoc
General Cinema – had two theaters in Pavellon Polanco and Plaza Insurgentes
Carlos Amador Martínez – named "tele-cine or also "Tele Cines Casa"" closed in the period 1995–1996, most theaters were located in the city of Mexico City and Monterrey
Panama[edit]
Cinemark
Cinépolis
Cines Modernos
Paraguay[edit]
Cines Itaú – 4 theaters
Cines del Mall
Villamorra Cinecenter
Real Cines
Cine Art
Cine Granados
Cinemark
Peru[edit]
Cinemark
Cineplanet
Cine Star
UVK Multicines
Movie Time Cinemas
Cinépolis
Puerto Rico[edit]
Caribbean Cinemas – 35 theaters, located in Puerto Rico and across the Caribbean
Suriname[edit]
TBL Cinemas
Trinidad and Tobago[edit]
MovieTowne
Caribbean Cinemas
Digicel IMAX
United States[edit]
Theatre Chain
Number of Theatres (2018)
Number of Screens (2018)
Website
Headquarters
Markets
Parent Chain
Chains Acquired
Notes
Alamo Drafthouse Cinemas 51 380 https://drafthouse.com/ Austin, TX Arizona, Texas, Colorado, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, California, Virginia, DC
AMC Entertainment 659 8,218[17] https://www.amctheatres.com/ Leawood, KS United States, Europe - Total of 16 countries Carmike Cinemas[18]Kerasotes Theatres
Allen Theatres 18 121 http://www.allentheatresinc.com/ Las Cruces, NM New Mexico, Colorado
Angelika Film Center 6 https://www.angelikafilmcenter.com/
Apple Cinemas 3 29 https://www.applecinemas.com/ Cambridge, MA Connecticut, Massachusetts
Atlas Cinemas 5 57 http://www.atlascinemas.net/ Cleveland, OH Ohio
B&B Theatres 50 411[19] https://www.bbtheatres.com/ Liberty, MO Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Florida, Arizona, Nebraska, Arkansas, and Texas Dickinson Theatres
Phoenix Theatres 12 112 http://www.phoenixtheatres.com/locations Knoxville, TN Alabama, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia
Big Picture Theatre 1 2 https://www.bigpicturetheater.info/ Waitsfield, VT Waitsfield, VT
Bow Tie Cinemas 38 232 https://www.bowtiecinemas.com/ Ridgefield, CT Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia Clearview Cinemas
Cinetopia Cinema 4 63 http://cinetopia.com/ Beaverton, OR Portland, Kansas City
Brenden Theatres 7 81 http://www.brendentheatres.com/ Las Vegas, NV California, Nevada and Arizona
3 Below Theatres 1 1 https://3belowtheaters.com/ San Jose, CA California
Pruneyard Cinemas 1 7 https://www.pruneyardcinemas.com/ San Jose, CA California
Center Cinemas 4 20 http://www.centercinemas.com/ Vinita, OK Arkansas, Oklahoma
Cineworld Cinebarre
CineLux Theatres 7 41 http://www.cineluxtheatres.com/ San Jose, CA California
Cinema Entertainment Corporation 20 129 http://www.cectheatres.com/ Waite Park, MN Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin and Nebraska
Cinema West Theaters 15 143 https://www.cinemawest.com/ Petaluma, CA California, Idaho
Cinemagic Theatres 8 89 https://www.cinemagicmovies.com/ Bedford, NH Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts
Cinemark Theatres 337 [20] 4,566[21] https://www.cinemark.com/ Plano, TX United States, Central America, South America Century Theatres[22]
Rave Cinemas[23]
Classic Cinemas[24] 14 111 http://www.classiccinemas.com/ Downers Grove, IL Illinois
Cleveland Cinemas 7 46 https://clevelandcinemas.com/ Cleveland Heights, OH Cleveland, OH & Pittsburg, PA
Cobb Theatres 18 232 https://www.cobbtheatres.com/ Birmingham, AL Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio Cinemex[25]
Coming Attractions Theatres 19 176 http://www.catheatres.com/ Ashland, OR Alaska, Oregon, Washington, Northern California
Dipson Theatres 7 32 http://www.dipsontheatres.com/ Williamsville, NY Western New York
Emagine Entertainment 19 208 http://www.emagine-entertainment.com/ Troy, MI Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota,
Entertainment Cinemas 7 51 http://entertainmentcinemas.com/ South Easton, MA Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut
EVO Entertainment Group 5 53 https://www.evo-entertainment.com/ San Marcos, TX Texas Movies, Bowling allies
EPIC Theatres 10 124[26] https://www.epictheatres.com/ Deltona, FL Florida, North Carolina
Fairchild Cinemas 4 42[27] http://www.fairchildcinemas.com/ Pasco, WA Washington
Flagship Cinemas 38 232 http://flagshipcinemas.com/ Lynnfield, MA Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maryland, Florida, Pennsylvania, Virginia
Fox Theatres 4 24 http://www.foxshowtimes.com/ Wyomissing, PA Pennsylvania and Maryland
Frank Theatres 19 210 http://franktheatres.com/ Palm Beach Gardens, FL Florida, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia
Fridley Theatres 21 101 http://www.fridleytheatres.com/ Des Moines, IA Iowa, Nebraska
FunAsia 2 11 https://www.funasia.net/ Plano, TX Texas Pyramid Saimira Theatre Ltd. Bollywood Movies
Galaxy Theaters 12 135 https://galaxytheatres.com/ Los Angeles, CA California, Nevada, Texas, Washington
Georgia Theatre Company 27 275 https://www.gtcmovies.com/ St. Simons Island, GA Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Virginia
Goodrich Quality Theaters 31 288 https://www.goodrichqualitytheaters.com/ Grand Rapids, MI Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Florida
Grand Theatres 1 22[28] http://grandtheaters.com/ Bismarck, ND North Dakota
Gross Alaska Theatres 3 9 https://www.grossalaska.com/ Juneau, AK Alaska
Harkins Theatres 35 501 https://www.harkins.com/ Scottsdale, AZ Arizona, California, Colorado, Oklahoma and Texas
iPic Theaters 15 115[29] https://www.ipictheaters.com/ Boca Raton, FL California, Arizona, Washington, Texas, Illinois, Maryland, Florida, New York, New Jersey
Showplace Icon Theatres 6 74 https://www.showplaceicon.com/ Chicago, IL Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, California, New Jersey
Krikorian Premier Theaters 1 18 http://www.kptmovies.com/ Torrance, CA Buena Park, California
Laemmle Theatres 9 44 https://www.laemmle.com/ Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, California
Landmark Theatres 52 252[30] https://www.landmarktheatres.com/ Los Angeles, CA New York, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Illinois, Texas, Colorado, Michigan, Indiana, California, Florida, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Washington, Missouri, Washington D.C.
Celebration! Cinema 11 155 https://celebrationcinema.com/ Michigan
Majestic Theatres 2 18 http://www.majestic-theatres.com/ Texas
Malco Theatres 33 340 https://www.malco.com/ Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Kentucky, Missouri
Mann Theatres 8 67 http://manntheatres.com/ Minnesota
Marcus Theatres 68 890 http://www.marcustheatres.com/ Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio Douglas Theatre Company
Marquee Cinemas 17 175 https://www.marqueecinemas.com/ Beckley, WV Connecticut, Florida, Kentucky, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia
Maya Cinemas 6 88 https://mayacinemas.com/ Los Angeles, CA California
Megaplex Theaters 16 182 https://www.megaplextheatres.com/ Sandy, UT Utah, Nevada
Metropolitan Theatres Corporation 16 89[31] https://www.metrotheatres.com/ Los Angeles, CA California, Colorado, Idaho, Utah
MJR Theatres 11 170 https://www.mjrtheatres.com/ Bloomfield Hills, MI Michigan Owns Allen Park Digital Cinemas (1 location, 6 screens)
MovieScoop Cinemas 5 43 https://moviescoop.com/ Pittsburg, OH Ohio, Pennsylvania
National Amusements 29 392[17] https://www.showcasecinemas.com/ Norwood, MA Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, Cinema de Lux
Multiplex Cinemas
Showcase Cinemas
Neighborhood Cinema Group 23
Silver Cinemas [owned by Landmark] – 55 screens in 8 theaters, located in Arizona, Michigan, Oklahoma, Texas and Wisconsin
WyoMovies – 9 theaters with 59 screens in Casper, Cheyenne, Green River, and Rock Springs, Wyoming
Neighborhood Cinema Group – 147 screens in 19 theaters in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Georgia and Tennessee
Northern Michigan Cinemas – 29 screens in 5 theaters, in Cheboygan, Bellaire, Mackinaw City, Petoskey and Gaylord
Odyssey Theatres – 60 screens across 8 locations, in Minnesota, Iowa, Ohio, North Dakota, and South Dakota
Pacific Theatres – 6 theatres with around 75 screens, all in Southern California
ArcLight Cinemas – 5 theaters with 77 screens
ArcLight Sherman Oaks – formerly Galleria Stadium 16, was transformed to an ArcLight Cinema that opened in 2007
Paragon Theaters – nine theaters with 97 screens in Florida, Minnesota, Virginia, Maryland, and Illinois
Patriot Cinemas – 4 locations on the south shore of Massachusetts and Portland, Maine, with 23 screens
Penn Cinema – 30 screens in 2 theaters in Pennsylvania and Delaware
Picture Show Entertainment – 8 theaters with 75 screens, locations in Arizona, Orange County, California, Colorado, Florida and Metro Atlanta, Georgia
Premiere Cinemas – 257 screens, 22 theaters, locations in Texas, Alabama, Florida and New Mexico
Polson Theatres – 11 theaters with 24 screens, locations in Montana and Idaho
Reading Entertainment – 181 screens in 23 theaters in California, Hawaii, New York, Arizona, and Texas
Reading Cinemas – 8 theaters
Angelika Film Center – 6 theaters
Consolidated Theatres – 9 theaters
Pacific Theatres – 15 theaters acquired in February 2008[32]
Reel Cinemas – 2 theaters on the Main Line in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Currently operates 7 screens. [www.reelcinemaspa.com]
Reel Theatres – 6 theaters in Oregon, Idaho, and Utah
Regal Entertainment Group – 7,306 screens in 558 theaters"[33]
Regal Cinemas – One of three chains part of the 2002 consolidation.
United Artists Theatres – One of three chains part of the 2002 consolidation.
Edwards Theatres – One of three chains part of the 2002 consolidation.
Sawmill Theaters – Six Screen multiplex located in Payson, Arizona.
Hoyts Cinemas – U.S. locations were acquired in 2003 and rebranded as Regal Cinemas.
Eastern Federal Theatres – Acquired in 2005 and rebranded as Regal Cinemas.
Consolidated Theatres – Acquired in 2008 for million in cash and rebranded as Regal Cinemas.
Great Escape Theatres – 305 screens in 26 theaters, acquired in 2012.
Hollywood Theaters (formerly Wallace Theaters) – 546 screens in 49 theaters[34] Acquired in 2013. All Edwards Theatres in the Pacific Northwest expected to be rebranded as Hollywood Theaters
Regency Theatres – 180 screens across 27 locations throughout Southern California, Nevada, and Arizona.[35]
Rio Entertainment, Inc. – 4 theaters, 27 screens in Texas. www.rioentertainment.com
Riverfront Cinemas – 2 Theaters, 19 screens in Central New York
Rogers Cinemas – 7 theaters, 50 screens in Wisconsin and Upper Michigan.
Sarasota Film Society – 2 theaters, 9 screens in Lakewood Ranch Florida and in Downtown Sarasota, Independent Non-Profit Theater
Santikos Theatres – 136 screens in 9 theaters located in Texas[36]
Southeast Cinemas – 9 theaters with 89 screen located in the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia
Southern Theatres – 41 theaters, 469 screens. Based in New Orleans, the chain has locations in Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas.
Movie Tavern – 21 Theatres
The Grand Theatre – 12 Theatres
AmStar Theatre – 6 Theatres
Spotlight Theatres – 6 screens with 45 screens. Locations in Georgia, Florida, Connecticut and Pennsylvania.
SR Entertainment Group – 11 theaters with around 100 screens in California
Stanley Corporation of America – Founded in 1897 in Philadelphia by Jules and Stanley Mastbaum; 250 theaters in mid-Atlantic region; acquired by Warner Bros. in 1928.[37]
Starlight Cinemas – 5 theaters with 41 screens in the Los Angeles area.
Starplex Cinemas – Currently operates 25 theaters and 234 screens across the United States.
Stone Theatres – 4 theater chain with 56 screens based in the Carolinas with current locations in Durham, NC, Myrtle Beach, SC, Morrisville, NC and Hope Mills, NC. They are in the process of expanding to more locations.
Studio Movie Grill – 24 theaters, cinema/grill concept, initially operating in Texas, expanded to Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania as of January 2017. [1]
Texas Cinemas – Merged with EVO Entertainment Group (2014) 3 Theaters, 28 Screens [2]
Tristone Cinemas – 5 theaters, 36 screens in Southern California
UltraStar Cinemas – A west coast regional chain that was the first Chain in the nation to adopt a full scale deployment of Digital Cinema, is a leader in Digital 3D and is the first theater chain to deploy D-box Motion seats. 147 screens in 15 theaters in Southern California and Arizona.
United Entertainment Corporation – 154 screens in 17 theaters, located in Arkansas, California, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Utah.
VIP Cinemas Corporation – 16 screens in 3 theaters, located in Illinois and Kentucky.[38]
Warren Theatres – 101 screens in 10 theaters. Owned and operated by Bill Warren, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, operates four luxury theaters under the Warren Theatres brand, including three cinema complexes in Wichita, Kansas and one in Moore, Oklahoma. Warren Theatres also operates two theatres under the Palace Theatres name, one in Springfield, Missouri and the other in Wichita. Warren Theatres also operates a small theater in the Towne West Square Mall in Wichita Kansas, called the Movie Machine. The Warren Theatre in Old Town Wichita, Kansas is a main venue for the Tallgrass Film Festival, an international, independent film festival. Warren Theatres' IMAX, with the largest IMAX screen in the world, is the top grossing IMAX in North America.[39]
Water Gardens Theatres – 4 theaters with 24 screens in Utah and Hawaii [3]
Wehrenberg Theatres – 15 theaters with 210 screens in the St. Louis metropolitan area, Minnesota and Iowa[40] Largest and oldest family-owned theater chain in the United States.
Westates Theatres – 5 theaters and about 13 screens operating in Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Idaho, primarily in small urban areas and towns
Wildwood Theatres – 4 theaters in Wisconsin
York River Crossing Cinemas – One location in Gloucester, VA. Eight screens.
Your Neighborhood Theatre, a division of Boston Culinary Group – 119 screens, 17 theaters in New England and New York State operates theaters branded as "five star cinemas" and some joint venture repossession properties under "Entertainment Cinemas" "Flagship Cinemas" and "SSC Cinemas"
Zurich Cinemas – 75 screens in 11 theaters, located in Connecticut and New York[41]
Venezuela[edit]
Cines Unidos
Cinex
Movie Planet
Plató Cines
Super Cines
Asia[edit]
Afghanistan[edit]
Ariana Cinema
Aryob Cinema
Bakhtar Cinema
Biraristan Cinema
Khairkhona Cinema
Kunduz Cinema
Pamir Cinema
Park Cinema
Temurshahi Cinema
Saudi Arabia[edit]
VOX Cinemas
AMC Theatres
Nepal[edit]
Big Movies[42]
Cine De Chef
FCube Cinemas
QFX Cinemas[43]
Q's Cinemas
Guna Cinemas
Gopi Krishna Movies
Bangladesh[edit]
There are 400 movie theaters in Bangladesh. Some notable movie theaters are:
Modhumita Cinema (Dhaka)
Balaka Cinema (Dhaka)
Blockbuster Cinemas (Dhaka)
Purnima Cinema (Dhaka)
Sony Cinema (Dhaka)
Star Cineplex (Dhaka)
Shayamoli Cinema (Dhaka)
Asia cinema (Dhaka)
Ovishar Cinema (Dhaka)
Jonaki Cinema (Dhaka)
Champakali Cinema (Tongi)
Chitramohol (Dhaka)
Monihar Cinema (Jessore)
New Metro (Narayanganj)
Chayabani Cinema (Mymensingh)
Shongita Cinema (Khulna)
Nandita Cinema (Sylhet)
Almas Cinema Hall (Chittagong)
Bonani Complex (Chittagong)
Karnaphuli Cinema (Chittagong)
Cinema Palace (Chittagong)
Sagorika Cinema (Chittagong)
Nupur Cinema (Chittagong)
Chanda Cinema (Chittagong)
China[edit]
In 2014 there were 5,813 movie theaters in China and 299 cinema chains, with 252 classified as "rural" and 47 as "urban".[44]
Antaeus Cinema Line
APEX Cinemas
Beijing New Film Association[44]
Broadway Cinemas
China Film Group Digital Cinema Line[44]
China Film South Cinema Circuit[44]
China Film Stellar[44]
Cinemark
CJ CGV
Dadi Theater Circuit[44]
Hengdian Cinema Line[44]
Jinyi Cinema Line[44]
Lumiere Pavilions – a cinema chain with 30 cinemas operating across 30 major Chinese cities, known for its keen interest in importing Hollywood films[45]
Sichuan Pacific
Shanghai Film (former partner of Warne Bros.)
Shanghai United Circuit[44]
UA Cinemas
UME Cinemas – one of China's longest-running cinema groups, operating 400 screens in 25 cinemas across the country as of December 2015[45]
Wanda Cinemas[44]
Zhejiang Time Cinema[44]
Hong Kong[edit]
Main article: List of cinemas in Hong Kong
AMC Theatres
Broadway Circuit
Broadway cinemas
PALACE cinemas
Chinachem Cinema Circuit
Golden Harvest
MCL Cinemas
Newport Circuit
UA Cinemas
India[edit]
PVR Cinemas – leading cinema operating chain of India with 597 screens and more than 200 screens under development
CineMAX – Multiplex chain with large presence in Mumbai, Kanpur & Kochi. Now owned by PVR.[46]
DT Cinemas – Multiplex chain of the DLF group. Now owned by PVR.[47]
INOX – multiplex chain in India with 316 screens as of 2014 within cities of Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Kolkata, Thane, Kanpur, Mumbai, Udupi, Jaipur, Thrissur, Indore and Delhi
Fame Cinemas – Multiplex chain in Mumbai. Now owned by INOX.
Satyam Cineplex – Multiplex Chain in Delhi. Now Owned By INOX.[46]
Carnival Cinemas – Kochi based multiplex chain, third largest in India with 341 screens in cities of Kochi(Angamaly), Kollam, Mumbai, Delhi, Mangalore, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode, Ranchi, Hyderabad, Ghaziabad, Dindigul, Patan
BIG Cinemas – Multiplex chain with 254 screens and a large presence all over India. Now owned by Carnival Cinemas.[46][48][49]
City Pride - Multiplex Chain based out of Pune
Cinepolis – Mexican multiplex chain with presence in Jamshedpur, Bhopal, Amritsar, Bangalore, Kochi, Mangalore, Thane, Ahmedabad, Ludhiana, Surat, Patna, Delhi, Pune, Lucknow and Vadodara
Fun Cinemas – multiplex chain now owned by Cinepolis[46]
KG Cinemas – Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Galaxy Paradise – Bangalore, Karnataka
K Sera Sera Miniplex – K Sera Sera Limited multiplex chain with presence in Abohar, Hoshiarpur, Nawanshahr, Sangrur, Ramnagar, Ahmedabad, Mahad, Mumbai, Nagpur, Goa, and Durg
SRS Cinemas – multiplex chain with presence in Faridabad, Gurgaon, Gorakhpur, Patiala, Ludhiana, Ranchi, Ghaziabad, Shimla, Bijnor, etc.
MARIS – now LA Cinemas in Tiruchirappalli; Tamil Nadu was India's first multiplex built in the 1970s.
Mayajaal – 16 screens, second largest in Asia
Miraj Cinemas – multiplex chain in India by Miraj group
Q Cinemas – multiplex chain with presence in Kochi, Faridabad, Bangalore, Delhi, Ludhiana
PVS Film City – Multiplex chain based in Kerala with presence in five locations.
MovieTime Cinemas – 35 screens in West and North India
Asian Cinemas – multiplex Chain with properties in Warangal, Hyderabad, Nizambad, Siddipet, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mancherial and more opening shortly
Nest Cinemas – pan-India digital cinema chain based out of Mumbai with properties in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune
Cine Grand – pan-India multiplex chain with properties in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Gurgaon
Cinemarc Theatres – multiplex chain in Vadodara
Geetha Multiplex – multiplex in Bhimavaram
AstaLakshmi 8screen Multiplex – multiplex in Bhimavaram
Varma Cine complex – multiplex in Bhimavaram
Prasads IMAX – multiplex in Hyderabad, India
City Gold Cinemas – multiplex chain in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Wide Angle Cinemas – multiplex chain in Ahmedabad and Mehsana
Ariesplex SL Cinemas – multiplex group based in Thiruvananthapuram.
Pan Cinemas – multiplex chain based in Kochi, Kerala
Pyramid Saimira Theatres Ltd – cinema chain in Chennai and Tamil Nadu
SPI Cinemas earlier known as Sathyam Cinemas – multiplex operators in Chennai and Tamil Nadu
Wave Cinemas
M2K Cinemas – Operator with multiplexes in New Delhi
AGS cinemas multiplex in Chennai
Rave cinemas (Rave 3 & Rave Moti) in Kanpur
Rajhans Cinemas in Nadiad, Valsad, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Surat, Navsari, Mumbai and more in Gujarat
Capital Cinemas in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India powered by Prasads Multiplex and Suresh Productions
Mukta A2 Cinemas in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Dehradun, Kundli, Banswara, Gulbarga, Vizag, Vadodara, Sailu, Aurangabad
EOS Cinemas – has many multiplexes in Madhya Pradesh like in Shahdol and Satna and in Chhattisgarh
Bansal Multiplex – has screens in Gujarat Vadodara
Indonesia[edit]
21 Cineplex[50] – largest cinema chain in Indonesia, owns around 64% of cinemas in Indonesia
CGV Cinemas[51] – chain owned by CJ CGV, owns around 17% of cinemas in Indonesia
Cinemaxx[52] – chain owned by Lippo Group, owns around 15% of cinemas in Indonesia
Platinum Cineplex[53] – chain in Central Java, Cibinong, and Bitung
New Star Cineplex[54] – chain in Central Java and East Java
Bioskop 88[55] – 2 locations in Pekanbaru, Riau
Movimax[56] – 2 locations in Malang, East Java, and 1 location in Denpasar, Bali
FLIX Cinema[57] – 1 location in North Jakarta and 1 location in Bekasi
Iran[edit]
Asr Jadid
Crystal
Farhang
Shahrghashang
Sahra
Shaghayegh
Sahel
Africa
G2
Ferdosi
Javaan
Sorush
Shahrtamasha
Astara
Sepideh
Piruzi
Anahita
Nahid
Tazh
Arash
Asemanaabi
Shirin
Israel[edit]
Rav Hen
Globus Max
Cinema City
Yes Planet
Lev
Japan[edit]
109 Cinemas
AEON Cinema (formerly Warner Mycal Cinemas)
T-Joy Cinema
Toho Cinemas
United Cinemas
Kuwait[edit]
Kuwait National Cinema Company
Malaysia[edit]
Main article: List of cinemas in Malaysia
Golden Screen Cinemas
TGV Cinemas
TSR Cinemax
Cathay Cineplex
MBO Cinemas
Lotus Five Star
BIG Cinemas
Pakistan[edit]
The Arena[58]
Atrium Cinemas
Bambino Cinema
Cine Gold
Cinegold Plex
Cinepax
Cine One
CineStar
DHA Cinema
Nueplex Cinemas
PAF Cinema
Sozo World
Super Cinema[59]
Taj Mahal Multiplex[60]
Universal Cinemas[61] – Pakistan's largest multiplex
Universe Cineplex
Philippines[edit]
SM Cinemas
Ayala Malls Cinemas
Robinsons Movieworld
Starmall Cinemas
Gaisano Cinemas
Russia[edit]
Cinema Park
Formula Kino
Karo Film
KinoMax
Premierzal
Luxor
Cinema Star
Monitor
Mirage Cinema
KinoFormat
United Cinema Chain
Singapore[edit]
Main article: List of cinemas in Singapore
Cathay (also in Malaysia)
Golden Village – a joint venture between Australia's Village Roadshow and Hong Kong's Golden Harvest in Singapore
Shaw Organization
WE Cinemas
Sinema Old School
Filmgarde
South Korea[edit]
CJ CGV – largest multiplex cinema chain of Korea, with 1,201 screens worldwide and more than 100 million viewers worldwide[62]
Cine de Chef – cinema and restaurant operated by CJ CGV
Megabox multi – cultural multiplex cinema chain
Lotte Cinema – chain run by the Lotte Group operating both stand alone theaters and theaters inside Lotte Department Store branches
Primus
Taiwan[edit]
Ambassador Theaters[63] – 12 theaters
Cinemas of Central Motion Picture Co.[64] – 3 theaters
Cinemark[65] – 3 theaters
Miramar Cinemas (with IMAX theater)[66] – 3 theaters
Shin Kong Cineplex[67] – 3 theaters
Showtime[68]
Showtime Cinemas – 8 theaters
Showtime Union – 7 theaters
Spot[69] – 2 theaters
Vieshow (with IMAX theater)[70] (formerly Warner Village) – 13 theaters
in89 Cinemax[71] – 4 theaters
Wovie Cinemas[72] – 2 theaters
Thailand[edit]
Main article: List of cinemas in Thailand
Major Cineplex – largest cinema group in Thailand. The group includes (by brands):
EGV – first multiplex brand and THX cinema in Thailand
IMAX Theatre – license in Thailand: Krungsri[IMAX Theatre at Siam Paragon
Paragon Cineplex – a 16-screen plex in Siam Paragon
Esplanade Cineplex
Paradise Cineplex
Mega Cineplex
Hatyai Cineplex
Quartier CineArt
WestGate Cineplex
Promenade Cineplex
Diana Cineplex
Ayuthaya City Park Cineplex
Embassy Diplomat Screens
SF Cinema Group – more than 150 screens in 22 locations
SFW Cinema
SFX Cinema
SFC Cinema
SF Multiplex
Emprive Cineclub
Major Hollywood – 3 locations; Suksawad, Chaengwattana, Ramkhamhaeng
Century The Movie Plaza – 1 location; Victory Monument
Thana Cineplex
Coliseum Cineplex
APEX
UMG
Other
Kosa
Prince
MVP
Five Star
Vista
Fairy
Turkey[edit]
Atlantis
Avsar
Cinemaximum
Cinecity
Cinema Pink
Cinemarine
Cineplex
Cinetech
Prestige
Vizyon
Sinemay Sinemalari
Cinens
United Arab Emirates[edit]
VOX Cinemas
Novo Cinemas
Reel Cinemas
Oscar Cinemas[73]
Star Cinemas[74]
Cine Royal Cinemas[75] – Abu Dhabi
Roxy Cinemas[76] – Dubai
Cinemacity Cinemas[77] – Arabian Center, Dubai
La Playa Lounge – Out Door Cinema
Vietnam[edit]
CGV Cinemas (formerly Megastar Cineplex)
Galaxy Cinemas
BHD Star Cineplex
Lotte Cinema
PLATINUM Cineplex
National Cinema Center
August Cinema
FaFim Vietnam
Beta Cineplex
Starlight
Cinestar
MegaGS
Cinebox
Ramestar
Goldstar
Europe[edit]
Belgium[edit]
Kinepolis
UGC
Imagix
Pathé
Quai 10
France[edit]
Gaumont Pathé (EuroPalaces)
UGC
MK2
CGR
Cinéville
Mégarama
Kinepolis
Utopia
Germany[edit]
CineStar
UCI
Cineplex
CinemaxX
K-Motion
Kinopolis
Capitol
Ufa
Yorck
Kinostar
Drive-In
Apollo
Rex
Filmpalast
Italy[edit]
Cecchi Gori Group
Cineplexx Cinemas
The Space Cinema (Vue)
UCI Cinemas
Spain[edit]
Cinesa
Kinépolis
Mégarama
Cines Golem
Cines Plaza
Sade Cine
Cines Victoria
Cines Colci
Odéon Multicines
Al-Ándalus
Balaña
Cineápolis
Cines ABC
Cines Artesiete
Cines Filmax
Cines IMF
Cines Renoir
Cines Verdi
Cinesur
La Dehesa
Neocine
Ocine
Yelmo Cines[78]
Switzerland[edit]
Apollo
Arthouse
Kitag Cinemas
Pathé
Rex
United Kingdom[edit]
Cineworld
Odeon (AMC)
Vue
National Amusements
Picturehouse Cinemas (Cineworld)
Empire Cinemas
Curzon
Hollywood Cinemas
Merlin Cinemas
Picturedrome Cinemas
Reel Cinemas
S & B Cinemas – operates a small number of cinemas in Somerset, UK
Rest of Europe[edit]
AMC
Castello Lopes – cinema chain in Portugal
Cinamon – cinema chain in the Baltic states
Cinemark
Cinema City International
Cineplex
CinemaxX
CineStar
Euroscoop
Kinepolis – cinema chain in Netherlands, Poland and in Belgium, France, Spain
Multikino
Multiplex Cinemas (Ukraine)
Odessa Kino
Omniplex – cinema chain in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Palace – operating sites in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Parkway Cinemas – family owned independent chain with 4 cinemas
Scott
Showcase
SF Bio – the dominant cinema chain in Sweden
UCI (United Cinemas International)
Utopolis
Village
Ward Anderson
Cinemas NOS – cinema chain in Portugal
UCI Cinemas – cinema chain in Portugal
Finnkino – cinema chain in Finland
Nordisk Film Biografer – Biggest cinema chain in Denmark
Former chains[edit]
ABC
Apollo – cinema chain in the United Kingdom
Cannon
Essoldo
MGM
Sandrews – cinema chain in Sweden
Silver Screen – merged with Multikino
Virgin
Granada
See also: Movie theaters in the Netherlands and Template:Major UK Cinema Chains
Oceania[edit]
Australia[edit]
Rank
Circuit
Headquarters
Locations
1 Event Cinemas Sydney, NSW 62
2 Dendy Cinemas Sydney, NSW 4
3 Howard Cinemas Taree, NSW 2
4 Hoyts (owned by Wanda Cinemas) Sydney, NSW 38
5 Independent Exhibitors Various 72
6 Palace Cinemas Balwyn, VIC 18
7 Reading Cinemas South Melbourne, VIC 19
8 United Cinemas Various 8
9 Wallis Richmond, SA 5
10 Cineplex Australia Brisbane, QLD 6
11 Grand Cinemas Perth, WA 6
12 Village Cinemas Melbourne, VIC 26
13 David & Carol Stonnill Victor Harbor, SA 1
14 Majestic Cinemas Sydney, NSW 7
15 Ace Cinemas Sydney, NSW 2
Cineplex Australia
Dendy Cinemas
Event Cinemas previously known as Greater Union, Birch, Carroll & Coyle and Village Cinemas
Howard Cinemas
Hoyts
Independent Exhibitors
Palace Cinemas and Luna Palace Cinemas
The Movie Masters – Ace Cinemas and Grand Cinemas
Reading Cinemas
United Cinemas
Victa Cinemas[79]
Wallis
New Zealand[edit]
Ascot Cinema
Berkeley Cinemas
Bridgeway Cinema
Capitol Cinema
Cinema 3 Pukekohe
Event Cinemas
Hoyts
Lido Cinema
Light House Cinema
Monterey Cinemas
SKYCITY Cinemas
Reading Cinemas
Rialto Cinemas
See also[edit]
Film screening
Home cinema
Movie palace
Nickelodeon movie theater
Surround sound and THX
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Silverbird Film Distribution".
Jump up ^ "Welcome to The Film House Cinemas". Film House, Nigeria. The Film House Cinemas. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Genesis Deluxe Cinemas: About Us". Genesis Deluxe. Genesis Deluxe Cinemas. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "What you should know about Viva Entertainment Cinema". IB Pulse. March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ozone Cinemas – About Us". Ozone Cinemas. Ozone Cinemas. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top Ten U.S. & Canadian Circuits". Natoonline.org. 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
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Jump up ^ "Overview - AMC Theatres". investor.amctheatres.com.
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Jump up ^ https://intranet.cinepolis.com/SitePages/Fact%20Sheet.aspx
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Jump up ^ "Les Cinémas Ciné Entreprise - Horaires at Cinémas". www.cinentreprise.com.
Jump up ^ "Big Movies, Small Prices - Film.Ca Cinemas in Oakville, ON". Film.Ca Cinemas in Oakville, ON.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Top 10 U.S. & Canadian Circuits". NATO. 2013-08-27. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
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Jump up ^ "B&B Theatres", Wikipedia, 2018-07-22, retrieved 2018-08-06
Jump up ^ "About Cinemark". www.cinemark.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "About Cinemark". www.cinemark.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Cinemark USA, Inc. Acquires Century Theatres, Inc". Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Cinemark Closes $240M Acquisition of Rave Theatres". Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Classic Cinemas | About Us". Classic Cinemas. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "CMX Cinemas Acquires Cobb Theatres". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Epic News | Epic Theatres". www.epictheatres.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Fairchild bringing reclining movie seats, alcohol to Canyon Lakes". tri-cityherald. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Grand Theatres in Bismarck, ND - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
Jump up ^ "iPic Entertainment - Overview". iPic Entertainment. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
Jump up ^ "About Us | Find Out More | Landmark Theatres". www.landmarktheatres.com. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
Jump up ^ "Metropolitan Theatres | About Us". www.metrotheatres.com. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
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Jump up ^ "About - Regal Cinemas & Regal Entertainment Group". www.regmovies.com.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood Theaters – About Us". Gohollywood.com. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
Jump up ^ "Regency Theatres". Regency Theatres. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
Jump up ^ "Santikos Theatres". Santikos.com. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
Jump up ^ Gomery, Douglas (1992). Shared pleasures: a history of movie presentation in the United States. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 0-299-13214-5.
Jump up ^ VIP Cinemas http://vipcinemas.com/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Warren IMAX tops North American attendance". kansas.com.
Jump up ^ "Theatres". Wehrenberg. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
Jump up ^ "Zurich Cinemas - Proudly serving New York with the latest movies from Hollywood". www.zurichcinemas.com.
Jump up ^ http://tickets.bigmoviescinema.com/Default.aspx
Jump up ^ http://qfxcinemas.com/
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "China Film Industry Report 2014-2015 (In Brief)" (PDF). english.entgroup.cn. EntGroup Inc. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Patrick Brzeski (December 17, 2015). "Box Office: 'Star Wars' Is An Unknown Force in China". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Urvi Malvania (11 February 2015). "Coming soon: Multiplex boom across India". Business Standard. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "PVR acquires DLF's DT Cinemas for Rs 500 crore". Times of India. Jun 9, 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Carnival eyes number two spot by end of FY15 – Business Standards". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kochi-based Carnival Cinemas aims to become second largest in multiplex space by FY15 – VC Circle". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "CINEMA 21 - Largest Indonesian Cinema Network - CINEMA 21". www.21cineplex.com.
Jump up ^ CGV. "Evolving Beyond Movies - CGV Cinemas". www.cgv.id.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Cinemaxx Theater". www.cinemaxxtheater.com.
Jump up ^ city, Platinumcineplex.co.id - An Intenational Cinema Theatre - Choose your. "Platinum Cineplex - An International Cinema Theatre". www.platinumcineplex.co.id.
Jump up ^ "New Star Cineplex Official Site – Jadwal Tayang Bioskop NSC8". New Star Cineplex Official Site.
Jump up ^ "SELAMAT DATANG – BIOSKOP 88". www.holiday88.com.
Jump up ^ "MOVIMAX CINEMAS - OFFICIAL SITE - www.movimax.co.id - LIHAT JADWAL - BOOKING TIKET ONLINE MOVIMAX". www.movimax.co.id.
Jump up ^ SemiColonWeb. "Flix". www.flixcinema.com.
Jump up ^ "The Arena Cinemas". thearena.com.pk.
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Jump up ^ Taj Mahal Multiplex
Jump up ^ "Universal Lahore, Universal Cinemas - movie times & tickets". universalcinemas.com.
Jump up ^ "Koreans are No. 1 moviegoers in the world – The Korea Times". www.koreatimesus.com.
Jump up ^ "國賓電影網站入口 - 國賓影城 - 國賓大戲院". www.ambassador.com.tw.
Jump up ^ "中影股份有限公司". www.movie.com.tw.
Jump up ^ 喜滿客影城. "喜滿客影城". www.cinemark.com.tw.
Jump up ^ Miramar Cinemas
Jump up ^ Shin Kong Cineplex
Jump up ^ (Showtimes), Showtimes. "秀泰影城 :: 痞客邦 ::". pixnet.net.
Jump up ^ "SPOT光點台北電影館". www.spot.org.tw.
Jump up ^ CINEMAS, 威秀影城 - VIESHOW. "威秀影城 - VIESHOW CINEMAS". 威秀影城 - VIESHOW CINEMAS.
Jump up ^ "in89 Cinemax". www.in89.com.tw.
Jump up ^ "華威影城 Wovie Cinemas". www.woviecinemas.com.tw.
Jump up ^ "(Welcome to the world of Entertiment)-Movies in U.A.E - Oscar Cinema". oscarcinema.ae.
Jump up ^ "Star Cinemas". www.starcinemas.ae.
Jump up ^ "Cine Royal Cinema". www.cineroyal.ae.
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Jump up ^ "Cinemacity". Cinemacity.
Jump up ^ [www.yelmocines.es Yelmo Cines]
Jump up ^ "Victa Cinemas - Entertaining the Fluerieu since 1923". www.victacinemas.com.au.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinemas.
Theater chains at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
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The Gulag Archipelago
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The Gulag Archipelago
Author
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Original title
Архипела́г ГУЛА́Г
Translator
Geneviève Johannet, José Johannet, Nikita Struve (French)
Thomas P. Whitney (English)
Country
France
Language
Russian
Publisher
Éditions du Seuil
Publication date
1973
Published in English
1974
Media type
Print (Hardback & Paperback)
ISBN
0-06-013914-5
OCLC
802879
Dewey Decimal
365/.45/0947
LC Class
HV9713 .S6413 1974
The Gulag Archipelago (Russian: Архипела́г ГУЛА́Г, Arkhipelág GULÁG) is a three-volume book written between 1958 and 1968 by Russian writer and historian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. It was first published in 1973, followed by an English translation the following year. It covers life in the gulag, the Soviet forced labour camp system, through a narrative constructed from various sources, including Solzhenitsyn's own experience as a gulag prisoner, reports, interviews, statements, diaries, and legal documents.
Following its publication, the book initially circulated in samizdat underground publication in the Soviet Union until its appearance in the literary journal Novy Mir in 1989, in which a third of the work was published in three issues.[1] Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, The Gulag Archipelago has been officially published, and since 2009, is mandatory reading as part of the Russian school curriculum.[2] A fiftieth anniversary edition will be released in 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and factual basis
2 Historical impact of the text
3 Publication
4 Criticism
5 TV documentary
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Structure and factual basis[edit]
Structurally, the text comprises seven sections divided (in most printed editions) into three volumes: parts 1–2, parts 3–4, and parts 5–7. At one level, the Gulag Archipelago traces the history of the system of forced labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1956. Solzhenitsyn begins with V. I. Lenin's original decrees which were made shortly after the October Revolution; they established the legal and practical framework for a series of camps where political prisoners and ordinary criminals would be sentenced to forced labor.Note 1 The book then describes and discusses the waves of purges and the assembling of show trials in the context of the development of the greater Gulag system; Solzhenitsyn gives particular attention to its purposive legal and bureaucratic development.
The legal and historical narrative ends in 1956 at the time of Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech ("On the Personality Cult and its Consequences"). Khrushchev gave the speech at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, denouncing Stalin's personality cult, his autocratic power, and the surveillance that pervaded the Stalin era. Although Khrushchev's speech was not published in the USSR for a long time, it was a break with the most atrocious practices of the Gulag system.
Despite the efforts by Solzhenitsyn and others to confront the legacy of the Gulag, the realities of the camps remained a taboo subject until the 1980s. Solzhenitsyn was also aware that although many practices had been stopped, the basic structure of the system had survived and it could be revived and expanded by future leaders. While Khrushchev, the Communist Party, and the Soviet Union's supporters in the West viewed the Gulag as a deviation of Stalin, Solzhenitsyn and many among the opposition tended to view it as a systemic fault of Soviet political culture – an inevitable outcome of the Bolshevik political project.
Parallel to this historical and legal narrative, Solzhenitsyn follows the typical course of a zek (a slang term for an inmate), derived from the widely used abbreviation "z/k" for "zakliuchennyi" (prisoner) through the Gulag, starting with arrest, show trial, and initial internment; transport to the "archipelago"; the treatment of prisoners and their general living conditions; slave labor gangs and the technical prison camp system; camp rebellions and strikes (see Kengir uprising); the practice of internal exile following the completion of the original prison sentence; and the ultimate (but not guaranteed) release of the prisoner. Along the way, Solzhenitsyn's examination details the trivial and commonplace events of an average prisoner's life, as well as specific and noteworthy events during the history of the Gulag system, including revolts and uprisings.
Solzhenitsyn also waxes philosophical:
Macbeth's self-justifications were feeble – and his conscience devoured him. Yes, even Iago was a little lamb, too. The imagination and spiritual strength of Shakespeare's evildoers stopped short at a dozen corpses. Because they had no ideology. Ideology – that is what gives evildoing its long-sought justification and gives the evildoer the necessary steadfastness and determination. That is the social theory which helps to make his acts seem good instead of bad in his own and others' eyes.... That was how the agents of the Inquisition fortified their wills: by invoking Christianity; the conquerors of foreign lands, by extolling the grandeur of their Motherland; the colonizers, by civilization; the Nazis, by race; and the Jacobins (early and late), by equality, brotherhood, and the happiness of future generations... Without evildoers there would have been no Archipelago.[3]
Solzhenitsyn draws on his own and fellow prisoners' long experiences in the gulag as the basis for this non-fiction work. Solzhenitsyn spent time as an inmate at a sharashka or scientific prison, an experience that he also used as the basis of the 1968 novel The First Circle. However, the ultimate integrity and authority of The Gulag Archipelago is rooted in the first-hand testimony of 227 fellow prisoners. The sheer volume of firsthand testimony and primary documentation that Solzhenitsyn managed to assemble in this work made all subsequent Soviet and KGB attempts to discredit the work useless. Much of the impact of the treatise stems from the closely detailed stories of interrogation routines, prison indignities and (especially in section 3) camp massacres and inhuman practices. Solzhenitsyn also poetically re-introduces his character of Ivan Denisovich towards the conclusion of the book. When questioned by the book's author if he has faithfully recounted the story of the Gulag, Denisovich (now apparently freed from the camps) replies that "you [the author] have not even begun...".
One chapter of the third volume of the book was written by a prisoner named Georg Tenno, whose exploits so amazed Solzhenitsyn to the extent that he offered to name Tenno as co-author of the book; Tenno declined.[citation needed]
There had been works about the Soviet prison/camp system before, and its existence had been known to the Western public since the 1930s. However, never before had the general reading public been brought face to face with the horrors of the Gulag in this way. The controversy surrounding this text, in particular, was largely due to the way Solzhenitsyn definitively and painstakingly laid the theoretical, legal, and practical origins of the Gulag system at Lenin's feet, not Stalin's. According to Solzhenitsyn's testimony, Stalin merely amplified a concentration camp system that was already in place. This is significant, as many Western intellectuals viewed the Soviet concentration camp system as a "Stalinist aberration".[4]
Historical impact of the text[edit]
Solzhenitsyn documented the Soviet government's reliance on the prison system for governance and labor, placing doubt on the entire moral standing of the Soviet system. The government could not govern without the threat of imprisonment. The Soviet economy depended on the productivity and output of the forced labor camps, especially insofar as the development and construction of public works and infrastructure were concerned.
In Western Europe, the book eventually contributed strongly to the need for a rethinking of the historical role of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, Lenin. With The Gulag Archipelago, Lenin's political and historical legacy became problematic, and those factions of Western communist parties who still based their economic and political ideology on Lenin were left with a heavy burden of proof against them. George F. Kennan, the influential U.S. diplomat, called The Gulag Archipelago "the most powerful single indictment of a political regime ever to be leveled in modern times".[5] The book was published at a time when many communists in the West were already re-thinking their relationship towards the USSR, as many were deeply disappointed by the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.[6] In Germany, it sparked discussions not only about Leninism but also about how to deal with the memory of World War II.[7]
In an interview with German weekly Die Zeit, British historian Orlando Figes asserted that many gulag inmates he interviewed for his research identified so strongly with the book's contents that they became unable to distinguish between their own experiences and what they read: "The Gulag Archipelago spoke for a whole nation and was the voice of all those who suffered".[8]
Publication[edit]
After the KGB had confiscated Solzhenitsyn's materials in Moscow, during 1965–1967, the preparatory drafts of The Gulag Archipelago were turned into finished typescript, sometimes in hiding at his friends' homes in the Moscow region and elsewhere. While held at the KGB's Lubyanka Prison in 1945, Solzhenitsyn had befriended Arnold Susi, a lawyer and former Estonian Minister of Education, who had been taken captive after the Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940. Solzhenitsyn entrusted Susi with the original typed and proofread manuscript of the finished work, after copies had been made of it both on paper and on microfilm.[9] Arnold Susi's daughter, Heli Susi, subsequently kept the "master copy" hidden from the KGB in Estonia until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.[10][11]
In 1973 the KGB seized one of only three existing copies of the text still on Soviet soil. This they achieved after interrogating Elizaveta Voronyanskaya, one of Solzhenitsyn's trusted typists[12] who knew where the typed copy was hidden; within days of her release by the KGB she hanged herself (3 August 1973).[13] Although he had earlier wanted it published in Russia first, after Solzhenitsyn learned of her death, he decided the next month, September, to allow its publication in Paris.
The first edition of the work was published (in Russian) by the French publishing house Éditions du Seuil a few days after Christmas 1973;[14] they had received a go-ahead from Solzhenitsyn but had decided to release the work about ten days earlier than he had expected. News of the nature of the work immediately caused a stir, and translations into many other languages followed within the next few months, sometimes produced in a race against time. American Thomas Whitney produced the English version; the English and French translations of Volume I appeared in the spring and summer of 1974.
Solzhenitsyn had wanted the manuscript to be published in Russia first, but knew this was impossible under conditions then extant. The work had a profound effect internationally. Not only did it provoke energetic debate in the West; a mere six weeks after the work had left Parisian presses Solzhenitsyn himself was forced into exile.
Because possession of the manuscript incurred the risk of a long prison sentence for "anti-Soviet activities", Solzhenitsyn never worked on the manuscript in complete form. Since he was under constant KGB surveillance, Solzhenitsyn worked on only parts of the manuscript at any one time, so as not to put the full book into jeopardy if he happened to be arrested. For this reason, he secreted the various parts of the work throughout Moscow and the surrounding suburbs, in the care of trusted friends. Sometimes when he was purportedly visiting them on social calls he actually worked on the manuscript in their homes. During much of this time, Solzhenitsyn lived at the dacha of the world-famous cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, and due to the reputation and standing of the musician, despite the elevated scrutiny of the Soviet authorities, Solzhenitsyn was reasonably safe from KGB searches there.
Solzhenitsyn did not think this series would be his defining work, as he considered it journalism and history rather than high literature. However, with the possible exception of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, it is his best-known and most popular work, at least in the West.
Finished in 1968, The Gulag Archipelago was microfilmed and smuggled out to Solzhenitsyn's main legal representative, Dr Fritz Heeb of Zürich, to await publication (a later paper copy, also smuggled out, was signed by Heinrich Böll at the foot of each page to prove against possible accusations of a falsified work).
Solzhenitsyn was aware that there was a wealth of material and perspectives that deserved to be continued in the future[clarification needed], but he considered the book finished for his part. The royalties and sales income for the book were transferred to the Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund for aid to former camp prisoners, and this fund, which had to work in secret in its native country, managed to transfer substantial amounts of money to those ends in the 1970s and 1980s.
Criticism[edit]
Natalya Reshetovskaya, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's first wife, wrote in her memoirs that The Gulag Archipelago was based on "campfire folklore" as opposed to objective facts. She wrote that she was "perplexed" that the Western media had accepted The Gulag Archipelago as "the solemn, ultimate truth", saying that its significance had been "overestimated and wrongly appraised". She said that her husband did not regard the work as "historical research, or scientific research", and added that The Gulag Archipelago was a collection of "camp folklore", containing "raw material" which her husband was planning to use in his future productions.[15] However, it is likely that her memoirs were part of a KGB campaign, orchestrated by Yuri Andropov in 1974, to discredit Solzhenitsyn.[16] Historian and archival researcher Stephen G. Wheatcroft asserts that it is essentially a "literary and political work", and "never claimed to place the camps in a historical or social-scientific quantitative perspective".[17]
TV documentary[edit]
On 12 December 2009, the Russian channel Rossiya K showed the French television documentary L'Histoire Secrète de l'Archipel du Goulag[18] made by Jean Crépu and Nicolas Miletitch[19] and translated it into Russian under the title Taynaya Istoriya “Arkhipelaga GULAG” (Secret History: The Gulag Archipelago). The documentary covers events related to the writing and publication of The Gulag Archipelago.[18][20]
See also[edit]
Art and culture in the Gulag labor camps
Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code), the legal basis for imprisonment for "anti-Soviet activities"
Black site
Julius Margolin
Seven-Eighths Rule, whereby persons were imprisoned for theft of communal property, including trivially small items
Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century
Kulak, peasants imprisoned as "class enemies" for possessing a little more than average
The Black Book of Communism
Tom Rob Smith's novels
Notes[edit]
1.^ A similar network of forced labour camps, known as katorga, existed in the Russian Empire since the early 18th century. It was abolished by the Russian Provisional Government in 1917.[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Joseph Pearce (2011). Solzhenitsyn: A Soul in Exile. Ignatius Press. pp. 81–. ISBN 978-1-58617-496-5.
Jump up ^ "The Gulag Archipelago is included in the obligatory school program". Izvestia. September 2009. Retrieved June 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Chapter 4, p. 173
Jump up ^ Thomas, Donald Michael (1998). Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: A Century in his Life. London: Abacus. p. 439.
Jump up ^ "Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: Speaking truth to power", The Economist, 7 August 2008
Jump up ^ Ulrich Rosenbaum: Ist der Wurm nun aus dem Apfel Gefallen?, "Vorwärts", 21 February 1974, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Elisa Kriza (2014). Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Cold War Icon, Gulag Author, Russian Nationalist? A Study of His Western Reception. Stuttgart: Ibidem, pp. 194–99.
Jump up ^ Held des Westens, Die Zeit, 7 August 2008
Jump up ^ Solzhenitsyn, The Oak and the Calf and Invisible Allies
Jump up ^ Rosenfeld, Alla; Norton T. Dodge (2001). Art of the Baltics: The Struggle for Freedom of Artistic Expression Under the Soviets, 1945–1991. Rutgers University Press. pp. 55, 134. ISBN 978-0-8135-3042-0.
Jump up ^ Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (1997). Invisible Allies. Basic Books. pp. 46–64 The Estonians. ISBN 978-1-887178-42-6.
Jump up ^ Solzhenitsyn, Literary Giant Who Defied Soviets Dies at 89
Jump up ^ Thomas, 1998, p. 398.
Jump up ^ Scammell, Solzhenitsyn, a Biography, 1985
Jump up ^ Lewis, Paul (2003-06-06). "Natalya Reshetovskaya, 84, Is Dead; Solzhenitsyn's Wife Questioned 'Gulag'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
Jump up ^ Andrew, Christopher; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2000), The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West, Gardners Books, pp. 416–19, ISBN 0-14-028487-7
Jump up ^ Wheatcroft, Stephen (1996). "The Scale and Nature of German and Soviet Repression and Mass Killings, 1930–45" (PDF). Europe-Asia Studies. 48 (8): 1330. doi:10.1080/09668139608412415. JSTOR 152781. When Solzhenitsyn wrote and distributed his Gulag Archipelago it had enormous political significance and greatly increased popular understanding of part of the repression system. But this was a literary and political work; it never claimed to place the camps in a historical or social-scientific quantitative perspective, Solzhenitsyn cited a figure of 12–15 million in the camps. But this was a figure that he hurled at the authorities as a challenge for them to show that the scale of the camps was less than this.
^ Jump up to: a b ""Тайная история "Архипелага ГУЛАГ"". Премьера фильма". The press service the channel Rossiya K. 12 December 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Marina, Nicolaev (10 October 2009). "Ultimul interviu Aleksandr Soljeniţîn: "L\'histoire secrète de L\'ARCHIPEL DU GULAG"". Poezie. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Secret History: The Gulag Archipelago (in Russian). Video.yandex.ru. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Michael Jakobson. Origins Of The Gulag: The Soviet Prison Camp System, 1917–1934. p. 16.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Gulag Archipelago
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. The Gulag Archipelago (in Russian). All volumes for reading in browser, or plaintext: parts 1 and 2, parts 3 and 4, and parts 5, 6, and 7.
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. The Gulag Archipelago. Internet Archive (various formats). All Volumes
Saving the Nation Is the Utmost Priority for the State at the Wayback Machine (archived 27 May 2006) Moscow News (2006-05-02)
Cohen, Stephen F. (June 16, 1974). "Books: The Gulag Archipelago". The New York Times. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
[hide]
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Works by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Poetry
Prose Poems (1958–1960)
Prussian Nights (1974)
Plays
The Love-Girl and the Innocent (1969)
Candle in the Wind (1960)
Novels
The First Circle (1968)
Cancer Ward (1968)
The Red Wheel
August 1914 (1971)
November 1916 (1985)
March 1917 (1989)
April 1917 (c. 1991)
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One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)
An Incident at Krechetovka Station (1963)
Matryona's Place (1963)
For the Good of the Cause (1963)
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The Gulag Archipelago (1973–78)
The Oak and the Calf (1975)
Two Hundred Years Together (2003)
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