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College Football Playoff
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College Football Playoff
In operation
2014–present
Preceded by
BCS (1998–2013)
Bowl Alliance (1995–1997)
Bowl Coalition (1992–1994)
Number of playoff games
3 (championship game, 2 semifinal games)
Championship trophy
College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy
Television partner(s)
ESPN (2014–present)
Most playoff appearances
Alabama (4)
Most playoff wins
Alabama (5)
Most playoff championships
Alabama (2)
Conference with most appearances
SEC (5)
Conference with most game wins
SEC (6)
Conference with most championships
SEC (2)
Last championship game
2018 College Football Playoff National Championship
Current champion
Alabama
Executive director
Bill Hancock
Website
collegefootballplayoff.com
The College Football Playoff (CFP) is an annual postseason knockout tournament to determine the national champion of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), the highest level of college football competition in the United States. The inaugural tournament was held at the end of the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season.[1] Four teams play in two semifinal games, and the winner of each semifinal advances to the College Football Playoff National Championship game.[2]
The College Football Playoff is not an officially sanctioned championship event by the NCAA, the sport's governing body. The NCAA has never recognized an official national championship for FBS football, instead merely recognizing the decisions made any of a number of independent major championship selectors. Consequently, Division I FBS football is the only NCAA sport in which a yearly national champion is not determined by an NCAA event, nor is an official NCAA national championship awarded.[3][4] Nevertheless, the CFP's inception in 2014 marked the first time a major championship selector in football was able to determine their champion by using a bracket competition.
A 13-member committee selects and seeds the four teams to take part in the CFP. [5] This system differs from the use of polls or computer rankings that had previously been used to select the participants for the Bowl Championship Series (BCS), the title system used in FBS from 1998 to 2013. The current format is a Plus-One system, an idea which became popular as an alternative to the BCS after the 2003 and 2004 seasons ended in controversy.[6][7]
The two semifinal games rotate among six major bowl games, referred to as the New Year's Six: the Rose Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, and Peach Bowl.[8] In addition to the four teams selected for the playoff, the final CFP rankings are used to help determine the participants for the other four New Year's Six bowls that are not hosting the semifinals that year. The semifinal games, which take place on the same day, are usually scheduled on Friday, Saturday, or Monday close to or on New Years Day,[9] with flexibility allowed to ensure that they are not in conflict with other bowl games traditionally held on New Year's Day. The National Championship game is then played on the first Monday that is six or more days after the semifinals.[10]
The venue of the championship game is selected based on bids submitted by cities, similar to the Super Bowl or NCAA Final Four. The winner of the game is awarded the College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy. Playoff officials commissioned a new trophy that was unconnected with the previous championship systems, such as the AFCA "crystal football" trophy which had been regularly presented after the championship game since the 1990s.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Selection process
1.1 Selection committee
1.1.1 Past members
1.2 Voting procedure
2 Impact on scheduling
3 Semifinals
4 Championship game
5 Appearances
5.1 College Football Playoff appearances by team
5.2 College Football Playoff appearances by conference
6 Broadcasting
6.1 Ratings
7 Revenue
8 Leadership
8.1 Board of Managers
8.2 Athletics Directors Advisory Group
9 Criticism
9.1 Team selection
9.2 Selection committee
9.3 Scheduling
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Selection process[edit]
Selection committee[edit]
The first College Football Playoff selection committee was announced on October 16, 2013. The group consists of 13 members who generally serve three-year terms, although some initial selections served terms both shorter and longer than three years "to achieve a rotation" of members.[12][13]
The current members of the selection committee are:[12][14]
Member
Position
Conference affiliation[a]
Recusals[b]
Term expires
Hocutt, KirbyKirby Hocutt (chairman)[16] Texas Tech athletic director; former Kansas State linebacker Big 12 Texas Tech February 2018
Howard, Christopher B.Christopher B. Howard Robert Morris University President; former Air Force running back N/A None February 2020
Bower, JeffJeff Bower Former Southern Miss head coach N/A Southern Miss February 2019
Deromedi, HerbHerb Deromedi Former Central Michigan head coach N/A Central Michigan February 2019
Jernstedt, TomTom Jernstedt Former NCAA executive vice president; former Oregon quarterback N/A None February 2018
Johnson, BobbyBobby Johnson Former Vanderbilt head coach; former Clemson player N/A None February 2018
Long, JeffJeff Long Former Arkansas athletic director SEC Arkansas, Missouri[c] February 2018
Mullens, RobRob Mullens Oregon athletic director Pac-12 Oregon February 2019
Radakovich, DanDan Radakovich Clemson athletic director, father of current Clemson player ACC Clemson February 2018
Beamer, FrankFrank Beamer Former Virginia Tech head coach N/A Georgia, Virginia Tech[d] February 2020
Wieberg, SteveSteve Wieberg Former USA Today reporter N/A None February 2018
Willingham, TyroneTyrone Willingham Former Stanford, Notre Dame and Washington head coach N/A Duke, Stanford[e] February 2018
Smith, GeneGene Smith Ohio State athletic director Big Ten Ohio State February 2020
Jump up ^ Current or former, athletic department administration only.
Jump up ^ Any programs for which members are required to recuse themselves from voting or discussions.[15]
Jump up ^ In addition to Arkansas, Long is recused from Missouri because his daughter attends the school and works in its athletic department.[15]
Jump up ^ In addition to Virginia Tech, Beamer is recused from Georgia because his son Shane is the Bulldogs' tight ends coach and special teams coordinator.[15]
Jump up ^ Willingham is recused from Stanford because his son is currently on the Cardinal coaching staff, and from Duke because his daughter is employed at the school.[15]
The committee members include one current athletic director from each of the five "major" conferences—ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and SEC—also known as the Power Five conferences.[17][18] Other members are former coaches, players, athletic directors, and administrators, plus a retired member of the media. The goal was for the panel to consist proportionally of current "Power Five" athletic directors, former coaches, and a third group of other voters,[17] excluding current conference commissioners, coaches, and media members.[19] During the selection process, organizers said they wanted the committee to be geographically balanced.[20] Conference commissioners submitted lists totaling more than 100 names from which to select the final committee members.[21][22]
Past members[edit]
Member
Position
Conference affiliation[a]
Season(s)
Replaced by
Gould, Michael C.Michael C. Gould Former Air Force Academy superintendent N/A 2014–15 Jeff Bower
Osborne, TomTom Osborne Former Nebraska coach and athletic director Big Ten/Big 12 2014–15 Lloyd Carr
Tranghese, MikeMike Tranghese Former Big East commissioner The American 2014–15 Herb Deromedi
Haden, PatPat Haden[b] USC athletic director; former USC quarterback Pac-12 2014 Rob Mullens
Luck, OliverOliver Luck[c] Former West Virginia athletic director Big 12 2014 Kirby Hocutt
Manning, ArchieArchie Manning[d] Former NFL and Ole Miss quarterback N/A - Bobby Johnson
Carr, LloydLloyd Carr[e] Former Michigan coach Big Ten - Chris Howard
Rice, CondoleezzaCondoleezza Rice Former Secretary of state N/A 2014–16 Frank Beamer
Alvarez, BarryBarry Alvarez Former Wisconsin coach and athletic director Big Ten 2014–16 Gene Smith
The selection of Condoleezza Rice, a former U.S. Secretary of State and Stanford University provost, was met with some backlash within the sport and the media. Critics questioned her qualifications, citing gender and lack of football experience.[28][29]
Jump up ^ Current or former, athletic department administration only.
Jump up ^ Stepped down October 30, 2015, citing health reasons and instability at USC. Did not participate in 2015 season committee.[23]
Jump up ^ Left the committee in 2015, before his term expired, after resigning as West Virginia athletic director to work for the NCAA as executive vice president of regulatory affairs.[24]
Jump up ^ Took a leave of absence for health reasons in October 2014 and stepped down in March 2015. Never participated in any committee voting.[25][26]
Jump up ^ Left the committee in 2016 before the season started for health reasons. Committee stayed at 12 members rather than replacing him.[27]
Voting procedure[edit]
The committee releases its top 25 rankings weekly on Tuesdays in the second half of the regular season. The top four teams are seeded in that order for the playoff.[30] During the season, the committee meets and releases rankings six or seven times, depending on the length of the season (the number of games is consistent, but the number of weeks those games are played over can vary from year to year).[25] The group, which meets at the Gaylord Texan hotel in Grapevine, Texas,[31] reportedly meets in person up to 10 total times a year.[22]
A team's strength of schedule is one of the most pertinent considerations for the committee in making its selections.[32] Other factors that the committee weighs are conference championships, team records, and head-to-head results,[10] plus other points such as injuries and weather.[33] Unlike the BCS system, the AP Poll, Coaches' Poll, and the Harris Poll, computer rankings are not used to make the selections.[5][17] Advanced statistics and metrics are expected to be submitted to the committee, though like other analytics, they have no formal role in the decision.[34] Committee members are not required to attend games.[31]
Long said the panel considered less frequent rankings, but ultimately decided on a weekly release. "That's what the fans have become accustomed to, and we felt it would leave a void in college football without a ranking for several weeks," he said. Long also noted: "Early on there was some talk that we would go into a room at the end of the season and come out with a top four, but that didn't last long."[35] In analyzing this change in thinking, Stewart Mandel of Sports Illustrated commented: "The whole point of the selection committee was to replace the simplistic horse-race nature of Top 25 polls – where teams only move up if someone above them loses – with a more deliberative evaluation method. Now the playoff folks are going to try to do both."[36] Addressing the "pecking order" nature of traditional polls, George Schrodeder of USA Today wrote that "if it actually works as intended, we could see volatile swings" from week to week, with lower-ranked teams moving ahead of higher-ranked teams without either team losing (a rarity in traditional polls). Both Long and Bill Hancock, the CFP executive director, say they expect that to happen.[37]
The committee's voting method uses multiple ballots, similar to the NCAA basketball tournament selection process and the entire process is facilitated through custom software developed by Code Authority in Frisco, Texas.[38] From a large initial pool of teams, the group takes numerous votes on successive tiers of teams, considering six at a time and coming to a consensus on how they should be ranked, then repeating the process with the next tier of teams. Discussion and debate happens at each voting step. All votes are by secret ballot, and committee members do not make their ballots public.[35] Each week's ranking process begins anew, with no weight given to the previous week's selections.[37] In this fashion, the committee selects the four teams to compete for the national championship.
Committee members who are currently employed or financially compensated by a school, or have family members who have a current financial relationship (which includes football players), are not allowed to vote for that school. During deliberations about a team's selection, members with such a conflict of interest cannot be present, but can answer factual questions about the institution.[35] All committee members have past ties to certain NCAA institutions,[31] but the committee decided to ignore those ties in the recusal requirements. "We just boiled it down to where we felt this group was fit to its high integrity and would differentiate from those past relationships," Long said.[35] Some football writers, like Dennis Dodd and Mark Schlabach, have said the recusal arrangement isn't transparent or objective, suggesting that members' alma maters and former coaching jobs should be considered disqualifying conflicts of interest.[39][40]
Impact on scheduling[edit]
"Strength of schedule will become such an important factor ... that if you want to be under consideration, you need to have a more meaningful schedule than perhaps you've had in previous years."
—Tom Jernstedt, selection committee member[41]
Due to the increased emphasis on strength of schedule, teams have considered playing more challenging opponents during the non-conference portion of their schedules. Some teams have traditionally played three or four "weak" non-conference opponents, but wins against such low-level competition are unlikely to impress the committee. For teams on the cusp of making the playoff four, "I think one of the first things the committee will look at is strength of schedule," said selector Oliver Luck.[42]
Teams in the Big Ten, Big 12 and Pac-12 play nine conference games on their twelve-game schedules and thus only have flexibility in choosing their opponents for the three non-league games. Some programs are opting to increase their schedule strength by scheduling high-profile matchups at neutral sites and on weeknights, garnering primetime TV exclusivity.[43][44]
In response to the new playoff system, the Southeastern Conference considered increasing its conference schedule from eight to nine games, with Alabama coach Nick Saban a vocal proponent.[45] According to Jon Solomon of the Birmingham News, "The prevailing opinion among SEC athletics directors: The SEC is difficult enough that there's no need for a ninth game."[46] Some in the conference, like Mississippi State athletic director Scott Stricklin, opined that a nine-game SEC schedule would result in more teams with two losses. Commissioner Michael Slive and Vanderbilt AD David Williams, among others, supported a stronger out-of-league schedule, which would likely impress the committee.[46][47] In April 2014, the league voted to mandate that all SEC teams must play a Power Five foe (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, or independent Notre Dame) in its non-conference slate beginning in 2016. Slive noted this rule "gives us the added strength-of-schedule we were seeking".[45] In 2014, the first year of the College Football Playoff, one team played two opponents from the Power Five, nine of the 14 teams played one Power Five conference opponent and three lower-level opponents (including one FCS school), and four teams did not face a Power Five foe.[43] In the spring of 2015, the SEC decided to count games played against Independents BYU and Army toward its Power Five requirement.
The ACC, whose teams also play eight conference games (plus Notre Dame at least once every three years), also considered moving to a nine-game conference schedule. However, the league opted to stay with the eight-plus-Notre Dame model, stipulating instead that teams would have to play one Power Five school in their non-league slates beginning in 2017, which would include the Notre Dame game or other ACC schools,[48] as will games against another FBS independent, BYU.[49] Despite the push to increase schedule strength, some ACC coaches preferred the scheduling flexibility available with fewer permanent fixtures on a team's slate.[50] Opinion was split among league athletic directors on moving to a nine-game schedule prior to the vote.[51] An SEC expansion to a nine-game schedule would limit the ACC's opportunities to play Power Five non-conference opponents.[52]
Semifinals[edit]
Main article: List of College Football Playoff games
The College Football Playoff uses a four-team knockout bracket to determine the national champion. Six of the most historic bowl games—the Rose Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, and Peach Bowl– rotate as hosts for the semifinals.[53] The rotation is set on a three-year cycle with the following pairings: Rose/Sugar, Orange/Cotton, and Fiesta/Peach. The two semifinal bowls and the other four top-tier bowls are marketed as the New Year's Six.[54] Three of these bowls played per day, typically on consecutive days that include New Year's Day.[2] The selection committee seeds the top four teams, and also assigns teams to the at-large bowls (Cotton, Fiesta, and Peach) in years when they do not host semifinals.[55]
The four-team format pits the No. 1-ranked team against No. 4 and No. 2 against No. 3. The seeding determines the semifinal bowl game assigned to each matchup; the No. 1 seed is assigned to the site closest to its campus to prevent it from playing in a "road" environment. There are no limits on the number of teams per conference, a change from previous BCS rules.[2] However, some non-semifinal bowl selections still maintain their conference tie-ins, similarly to the BCS's automatic qualifier berths.[56] A team from one of the "Group of Five" conferences is guaranteed a spot in one of the New Year's Six bowls.[57]
Season
Semifinal
Winner
Loser
Score
Venue
2014–15 Rose Bowl 2 Oregon 3 Florida State 59–20 Rose Bowl Stadium, Pasadena, California
Sugar Bowl 4 Ohio State 1 Alabama 42–35 Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana
2015–16 Orange Bowl 1 Clemson 4 Oklahoma 37–17 Sun Life Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
Cotton Bowl 2 Alabama 3 Michigan State 38–0 AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas
2016–17 Fiesta Bowl 2 Clemson 3 Ohio State 31–0 University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Peach Bowl 1 Alabama 4 Washington 24–7 Georgia Dome, Atlanta, Georgia
2017–18 Rose Bowl 3 Georgia 2 Oklahoma 54–48 (2OT) Rose Bowl Stadium, Pasadena, California
Sugar Bowl 4 Alabama 1 Clemson 24–6 Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana
2018–19 Orange Bowl Hard Rock Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
Cotton Bowl AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas
2019–20 Fiesta Bowl University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Peach Bowl Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia
Championship game[edit]
Main article: College Football Playoff National Championship
Cities around the country bid to host each year's championship game. The playoff group's leaders make a selection from those proposals, in a similar fashion to other large sporting events, such as the Super Bowl or NCAA Final Four. Officials say the championship game will be held in a different city each year, and that bids must propose host stadiums with a capacity of at least 65,000 spectators.[58] Under the system, cities cannot host both a semifinal game and the title game in the same year.
Season
Champion
Runner-up
Score
Venue
2014–15 4 Ohio State 2 Oregon 42–20 AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas
2015–16 2 Alabama 1 Clemson 45–40 University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
2016–17 2 Clemson 1 Alabama 35–31 Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida
2017–18 4 Alabama 3 Georgia 26-23 (OT) Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia
2018–19 Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California
2019–20 Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana
2020–21 Hard Rock Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
2021–22 Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
2022–23 Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, Inglewood, California
2023–24 NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas
Appearances[edit]
For the list of College Football Playoff New Year's Six Bowl Appearances, see College Football Playoff New Year's Six.
For the list of College Football Playoff National Champions, see College Football Playoff National Championship.
College Football Playoff appearances by team[edit]
Alabama
Clemson
Georgia
Florida
State
Michigan State
Ohio State
Oklahoma
Oregon
Washington
Teams that have appeared in the College Football Playoff
– 4 appearances, – 3 appearances, – 2 appearances, – 1 appearance
Alabama
Clemson
Ohio State
Teams that have won the College Football Playoff
– 2 championships, – 1 championship
Appearances
Team
W
L
Pct
Games
4 Alabama 5 2 .714 Lost 2015 Sugar Bowl
Won 2015 Cotton Bowl (Dec. 2015)
Won 2016 CFP National Championship
Won 2016 Peach Bowl
Lost 2017 CFP National Championship
Won 2018 Sugar Bowl
Won 2018 CFP National Championship
3 Clemson 3 2 .600 Won 2015 Orange Bowl
Lost 2016 CFP National Championship
Won 2016 Fiesta Bowl (Dec. 2016)
Won 2017 CFP National Championship
Lost 2018 Sugar Bowl
2 Ohio State 2 1 .667 Won 2015 Sugar Bowl
Won 2015 CFP National Championship
Lost 2016 Fiesta Bowl (Dec. 2016)
2 Oklahoma 0 2 .000 Lost 2015 Orange Bowl
Lost 2018 Rose Bowl
1 Georgia 1 1 .500 Won 2018 Rose Bowl
Lost 2018 CFP National Championship
1 Oregon 1 1 .500 Won 2015 Rose Bowl
Lost 2015 CFP National Championship
1 Florida State 0 1 .000 Lost 2015 Rose Bowl
1 Michigan State 0 1 .000 Lost 2015 Cotton Bowl (Dec. 2015)
1 Washington 0 1 .000 Lost 2016 Peach Bowl
College Football Playoff appearances by conference[edit]
Conference
Appearances
W
L
Pct
Championships
# of teams
Teams(s)
SEC 5 6 3 .667 2 2 Alabama (4)
Georgia (1)
ACC 4 3 3 .500 1 2 Clemson (3)
Florida State (1)
Big Ten 3 2 2 .500 1 2 Ohio State (2)
Michigan State (1)
Pac-12 2 1 2 .333 0 2 Oregon (1)
Washington (1)
Big 12 2 0 2 .000 0 1 Oklahoma (2)
Broadcasting[edit]
The television broadcast rights to all six CFP bowls and the National Championship are owned by ESPN through at least the 2025 season.[59] ESPN then reached 12-year agreements to retain rights to the Rose Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Sugar Bowl following the dissolution of the Bowl Championship Series.[60] In November, ESPN reached a 12-year deal to broadcast the remaining three bowls, the championship game, as well as shoulder programming such as ranking shows; as a whole, the contract is valued at around $470 million per year, or nearly $5.7 billion for the life of the contract.[61]
Ratings[edit]
The inaugural College Football Playoff games in January 2015 generated larger ratings than previous BCS games. The 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship had an 18.9 Nielsen rating[62] and was watched by approximately 33.4 million people, the largest broadcast audience of all time on American cable television (non-broadcast), according to AdWeek. That was a 31 percent audience increase over the previous year's championship game and a 22 percent increase over the BCS title game's best rating on cable (a 16.1 rating in 2011).[63] The semifinal games, the 2015 Rose Bowl and 2015 Sugar Bowl, saw 28.16 million and 28.27 million viewers, respectively.[64] According to ESPN, these games also set (and briefly held) all-time records for cable TV viewership.[65][66]
In 2015, the ratings for the two semifinal games were down from the prior season's equivalents, with the Orange Bowl reaching a 9.7 rating (in comparison to 15.5 for the 2015 Rose Bowl) and the Cotton Bowl reaching a 9.9 rating (in comparison to a 15.3 rating for the 2015 Sugar Bowl). On the online WatchESPN streaming service, excluding 2014 FIFA World Cup games, the Cotton Bowl and the Orange Bowl drew the second and third-largest streaming audiences in the service's history, behind the 2015 national championship. The ratings drops were attributed to the New Year's Eve time slot, as fewer people were at home to watch the game.[67] The decline in ratings was a factor in changes for the scheduling of future CFP semi-final games.[9]
Revenue[edit]
In 2012, ESPN reportedly paid about $7.3 billion over 12 years for broadcasting rights to all seven games, an average of about $608 million per year. That includes $215 million per year which was already committed to the Rose, Sugar and Orange bowls,[68] plus $470–475 million annually for the rest of the package.[69] By comparison, the most recent contract with the BCS and the Rose Bowl had paid approximately $155 million per year for five games.[70]
The average revenue to the new system over 12 years is to be about $500 million per year. After $125–150 million in expenses, the Power Five conferences split about 71.5 percent of the remaining money, for an approximate average payout of $250 million a year ($50 million per league) over the life of the contract. The "Group of Five" conferences split 27 percent, about $90 million a year ($18 million per league). Notre Dame receives around one percent, about $3.5-4 million, and other FBS independents get about 0.5 percent of the deal.[71][72]
Extra revenue goes to conferences in contracts with the Rose, Sugar, and Orange bowls, which split revenue 50/50 between their participating leagues.[71] In non-semifinal years, the Rose Bowl's TV revenue would be divided between the Big Ten and Pac-12 conferences; likewise, the Sugar Bowl and Orange Bowl revenue to its participant conferences. When those bowls are semifinal games, the money is distributed by the playoff system to all FBS conferences.[68] ESPN has paid about $80 million a year each for the Rose and Sugar bowls over 12 years. The Orange Bowl deal is worth $55 million per year.[73] For example, in a non-semifinal year, the Big Ten could receive about $90 million (half of its $80 million Rose Bowl deal plus about $50 million from the playoff system).[71]
Conferences receive an additional $6 million each year for each team it places in the semifinals and $4 million for a team in one of the three at-large bowls; Notre Dame receives the same amount in either scenario. No additional money is awarded for reaching the championship game.[71]
The Power Five conferences and the "Group of Five" have not decided on their respective revenue-sharing formulas, though the SEC initially receives more revenue than the other four Power Five conferences due to its BCS success.[71][72] Reports say the money is to be divided based on several criteria such as "on-field success, teams' expenses, marketplace factors and academic performance of student-athletes."[74] The playoff system awards academic performance bonuses of $300,000 per school for meeting the NCAA's Academic Progress Rate standard of 930.[71] In a hypothetical 14-team conference, $4.2 million ($300,000 x 14) would be allocated to that league, and if only 12 of the 14 members meet the APR standard, then each of the 12 schools would receive $350,000 ($4.2 million / 12),[72] penalizing schools that fall below the threshold.[75]
Leadership[edit]
BCS Properties, LLC holds all properties related to the College Football Playoff.[76] Previous BCS commissioner Bill Hancock is the executive director of the playoff organization,[77] with former ACC Senior Associate Commissioner Michael Kelly as COO.[78] Like the BCS, the playoff system's management committee[79] consists of the conference commissioners from the 10 FBS conferences[80] and Notre Dame's athletic director.[21] The playoff system's headquarters is in Irving, Texas.[77]
Board of Managers[edit]
According to the CFP website, the system's operations are controlled by the Board of Managers, which consists of presidents and chancellors of the playoff group's member universities. The eleven members have sole authority to develop, review and approve annual budgets, policies and operating guidelines. The group also selects the company's officers.[81]
Rodney Bennett – President, Southern Mississippi (C-USA)
Anthony Frank – President, Colorado State (Mountain West)
Burns Hargis – President, Oklahoma State (Big 12)
Jack Hawkins – Chancellor, Troy (Sun Belt)
Rev. John I. Jenkins – President, Notre Dame (Independent)
Mark Keenum – President, Mississippi State (SEC)
Roderick McDavis – President, Ohio (MAC)
Max Nikias – President, USC (Pac-12)
Harvey Perlman (chair) – Chancellor, Nebraska (Big Ten)
Donna Shalala – President, Miami (Fla.) (ACC)
Steadman Upham – President, Tulsa (The American)
Athletics Directors Advisory Group[edit]
According to the CFP website, the Athletics Directors Advisory Group is appointed by the management committee to "offer counsel" on the operations of the system. As an advisory board, it has no authority in the management of the CFP.[81]
Gary Barta, Iowa (Big Ten)
Tom Bowen, Memphis (The American)
Tom Burman, Wyoming (Mountain West)
Joe Castiglione, Oklahoma (Big 12)
Jeremy Foley, Florida (SEC)
Dan Guerrero, UCLA (Pac-12)
Chris Massaro, Middle Tennessee State (C-USA)
Terry Mohajir, Arkansas State (Sun Belt)
Mike O'Brien, Toledo (MAC)
Stan Wilcox, Florida State (ACC)
Criticism[edit]
Although being generally well received,[7] the College Football Playoff has been criticized much like its predecessor, the Bowl Championship Series, which had several controversies.[82]
Team selection[edit]
Chief among the criticisms was the subjective element of the selection process such as basing rankings on metrics such as strength of schedule and conference as opposed to solely basing rankings on a team's win-loss record.[83][84]
One particular similarity between the old BCS[85] and the current Playoff system is both have been alleged to be biased toward schools, programs and conferences with large financial endowments[86] (being the perceived favoritism with the SEC the most outstanding argument),[87][88] hurting the chances of smaller schools with fewer athletic resources.[89] Undefeated teams from less wealthy conferences can be passed over for teams with losses from richer conferences.[90] For example, in 2017, Central Florida was the only undefeated team in FBS, but was passed over in favor of four 1-loss teams from the "Power-5" conferences. Central Florida went on to defeat Auburn (who had earlier defeated CFP champion Alabama and split a two-game season series with CFP runner-up Georgia) in the Peach Bowl, causing many to question the Knights' exclusion from the Playoff.
Because the tournament has four teams, at least one Power Five champion misses the playoffs every season. However, not all teams selected have been conference winners. In the 2016–17 season, one of the teams selected was Ohio State, who did not qualify to the Big Ten Championship Game. As a result, both the Big Ten and Big 12 champions were not selected for the playoffs. In the 2017–18 season, two of the four selected teams were from the SEC: conference champions Georgia,, and Alabama, who lost to SEC runner-up Auburn. Analysts have discussed whether the committee should selected conference champions only.[91][92]
Another critique centered around a perceived bias against smaller conferences such as the Big 12 which used to not stage a conference championship game, but was reintroduced for the 2017 season. The American addressed this issue by adding Navy to its ranks for 2015, bringing its membership to 12 teams, which allowed it to stage a conference championship game under then-current NCAA rules.[93] Starting with the 2016 season, FBS conferences will be allowed to stage football championship games even if they do not have 12 members.[94]
There are opinions labeling the CFP system "just as" or "even more polarizing" than the BCS or the old wire-service poll system.[95][96][97][98]
Selection committee[edit]
The qualifications of selection committee members has also been scrutinized. As an outsider to the sports world, Condoleezza Rice was the focus of some criticism. Former Clemson head coach Tommy Bowden opined that the committee's members should be "people who played the game and preferably coached the game".[99] Former Auburn head coach Pat Dye said that "All she knows about football is what somebody told her ... or what she read in a book, or what she saw on television. To understand football, you've got to play with your hand in the dirt". Former Big East commissioner Mike Tranghese also gained membership on the selection committee despite having never played football in college.[100] Former sportswriter Steve Weiberg and retired U.S. Air Force General Michael Gould are other committee members without significant football playing, coaching or administrative experience.
Scheduling[edit]
The semifinal games for the 2015 season were scheduled for December 31; they were expected to have lower television viewership because the date is not a federal holiday, and because the second game faced heavy competition for television viewers in primetime from New Year's Eve specials (such as New Year's Rockin' Eve, which is aired by ESPN's sister broadcast network ABC). Under television contracts with ESPN that predate the College Football Playoff, both the Rose and Sugar Bowl games are guaranteed exclusive TV time slots on January 1 (or January 2 if New Year's Day falls on a Sunday), regardless of whether they are hosting a semifinal game.[101] In an interview with CBS Sports, CFP commissioner Bill Hancock suggested this scheduling issue would "change the paradigm of what New Year's Eve is all about," opining that "if you're hosting a New Year's Eve party, you better have a bunch of televisions around."[102] Although ESPN proposed moving the Thursday, December 31, 2015 semifinal games to Saturday, January 2, 2016, the idea was rejected.[103] The semifinal games' ratings were ultimately down significantly from those of the previous season.[67]
In an effort to reduce the impact of their New Year's Eve scheduling, the 2016 semifinal games, which fell on a Saturday, had earlier kickoff times, at 3:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. ET respectively. The 2016 Orange Bowl was played in primetime on December 30, 2016, rather than in an early afternoon window on New Year's Eve. Hancock considered the earlier start times to be a compromise to reduce the games' intrusion into New Year's Eve festivities, but reiterated that there were no plans to move the semi-final games from New Year's Eve outside of years where they are hosted by the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl.[104][105]
On July 28, 2016, however, Hancock reversed this stance and announced revisions to the scheduling for future College Football Playoff semi-final games. The games were rescheduled so that they will not necessarily be played on New Year's Eve yearly: outside of years when they are hosted by the Rose and Sugar Bowls (where they retain their traditional New Year's Day scheduling), they will now be scheduled primarily on the last Saturday or federally observed holiday of the year. In some years, this date will land on New Year's Eve. In 2021, the games will be played on Friday, December 31, because the day will be observed as a holiday.[9][106]
See also[edit]
College football portal
College Football Playoff New Year's Six
College football playoff debate
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
List of college bowl games
Mythical National Championship
Plus-One system
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
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text:
United Kingdom weather records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Boscastle after flooding in 2004
Contents
[hide]
1 Records
1.1 Highest temperature
1.2 Lowest temperature
1.3 Rainfall
1.4 Sunshine
1.5 Wind speed
2 Atmospheric Pressure
3 References
Records[edit]
As of July 2010, the records as recorded by the Met Office were:[1]
Highest temperature[edit]
°C
°F
Location
Date
Highest (England) 38.5°C[1] 101.3 F Faversham, Kent 10 August 2003
Highest (Wales) 35.2°C 95.4°F Hawarden Bridge, Flintshire 2 August
Highest (Scotland) 32.9°C 91.2°F Greycrook, Scottish Borders 9 August 2003
Highest (Northern Ireland) 30.8°C 87.4°F Knockarevan, County Fermanagh 30 June 1976
Shaw's Bridge, Belfast, County Antrim 12 July 1983
Lowest temperature[edit]
°C
°F
Location
Date
Lowest (Scotland) -27.2°C[1] -17.0°F Braemar, Aberdeenshire 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982
Altnaharra, Sutherland 30 December 1995
Lowest (England) -26.1°C[1] -15.0°F Newport, Shropshire 11 January 1982
Lowest (Wales) -23.3°C -9.9°F Rhayader, Powys 21 January 1940
Lowest (Northern Ireland) -18.7°C -1.6°F Castlederg, County Tyrone 24 December 2010
Rainfall[edit]
Duration
Level
Location
Date
Highest 5-min total Approx. 32 mm[1] Preston, Lancashire 10 August 1893
Highest 30-min total 80 mm Eskdalemuir, Dumfries and Galloway[2] 26 June 1953
Highest 60-min total 92 mm[1] Maidenhead, Berkshire 12 July 1901
Highest 90-min total 117 mm[1] Dunsop Valley, Lancashire 8 August 1967
Highest 120-min total 155 mm[1][3] Hewenden Reservoir, West Yorkshire 11 June 1956
Highest 155-min total 169 mm[1] Hampstead, London 14 August 1975
Highest 180-min total 178 mm[1] Horncastle, Lincolnshire 7 October 1960
Highest 24-hour total (1800-1800) 341.4 mm[1] Honister Pass, Cumbria 5 December 2015
Highest 24-hour total (0900-0900) 279 mm[1] Martinstown, Dorset 18 July 1955
Highest 48-hour total (0900-0900) 405 mm Thirlmere, Cumbria 4 to 5 December 2015
Highest 72-hour total (0900-0900) 456.4 mm Seathwaite, Cumbria 17 to 19 November 2009
Highest 96-hour total (0900-0900) 495 mm Seathwaite, Cumbria 16 to 19 November 2009
Highest Monthly Total 1396.4 mm Crib Goch, Snowdon 1 to 31 December 2015
Sunshine[edit]
Duration
Location
Date
Highest monthly total (England)[4] 383.9 hours Eastbourne, Sussex July 1911
Highest monthly total (Northern Ireland)[4] 298 hours Mount Stewart, County Down June 1940
Highest monthly total (Scotland)[4] 329.1 hours Tiree, Argyll & Bute May 1975
Highest monthly total (Wales)[4] 354.3 hours Dale Fort, Pembrokeshire July 1955
Wind speed[edit]
Ground Level
Wind Speed
Location
Date
mph
km/h
knots
Low level 142 228 123[1] Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire 13 February 1989
High level 173 278 150[1] Cairn Gorm 20 March 1986
Shetland holds the unofficial British record for wind speed, which in 1962 was recorded at 177 mph (285 km/h) at RAF Saxa Vord.[5]
Atmospheric Pressure[edit]
Further information: List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "UK climate - Extremes". Met Office. March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017. The United Kingdom weather records note the most extreme weather ever recorded in the United Kingdom, such as the most and fewest hours of sunshine and highest wind speed.
Jump up ^ http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/b/1/Eskdalemuir_Flood_-_26_June_1953.pdf
Jump up ^ The UK Met Office expresses "reservations" about 193 mm on 19 May 1989 at Walshaw Dean Lodge (West Yorkshire)
^ Jump up to: a b c d "National Meteorological Library and Archive Factsheet 9 — Weather extremes" (PDF). Met Office. p. 16. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Unst". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_weather_records&oldid=832850890"
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