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Alison DiLaurentis
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Alison DiLaurentis
Pretty Little Liars character
Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists character
Alison DiLaurentis as portrayed by Sasha Pieterse on the television series.
First appearance
Novel:
Pretty Little Liars
Television:
"Pilot"
"The First Secret" (chronologically)
Last appearance
Novel:
Vicious
Created by
Sara Shepard
Portrayed by
Sasha Pieterse
Isabella Rice (as a child)
Information
Full name
Alison Lauren DiLaurentis-Fields
Nickname(s)
Ali D.
Ali
"A"
The Queen of Mean
Queen Bee
Red Coat
The Mastor Manipulator
Mastor Puppeteer
Aliases
Novels:
Maxine Peptwell
Tiffany Day
Kyla Kennedy
Television:
Vivian Darkbloom
Marnie Winter
Rebecca Kelly
Holly Varjak
Alison Rollins
Occupation
Teacher (television-only)
Affiliation
The Liars
Family
Novels:
Jessica DiLaurentis (mother)
Kenneth DiLaurentis (adoptive father)
Jason DiLaurentis (maternal half-brother)
Courtney Day-DiLaurentis (identical twin sister)
Peter Hastings (biological father)
Spencer Hastings (paternal half-sister)
Melissa Hastings (paternal half-sister)
Television:
Kenneth DiLaurentis (father)
Jessica DiLaurentis (mother)
Jason DiLaurentis (maternal half-brother)
Spouse(s)
Emily Fields (fiancée)
Archer Dunhill (ex-husband; deceased)
Significant other(s)
Novels:
Nick Maxwell (ex-boyfriend)
Television:
Ian Thomas (secret date; deceased)
Ezra Fitz (dated)
Cyrus Petrillo (ex-boyfriend)
Gabriel Holbrook (kissed)
Lorenzo Calderon (ex-boyfriend)
Children
Grace DiLaurentis-Fields (daughter)
Lily DiLaurentis-Fields (daughter)
Relatives
Novels:
Elizabeth DiLaurentis (paternal aunt)
Television:
Mary Drake (maternal aunt)
Charlotte Drake (maternal cousin/adoptive sister)
Spencer Hastings (maternal cousin)
Alex Drake (maternal cousin)
Carol Ward (maternal great aunt)
Alison DiLaurentis is a fictional character on Freeform's Pretty Little Liars, a television series which is based on a book series of the same name written by American author Sara Shepard. In the beginning of both the books and the television series, Alison is a central character who is shown mostly in flashbacks.[1] The narrative is set when Alison mysteriously disappears and leaves the suburb of Rosewood shocked. Due to her position as a queen bee of Rosewood's social scene, Alison's actions and relations were constantly under scrutiny from the town's citizens. Sasha Pieterse, who portrays Alison on screen, has described the character as an indecisive person, showing herself as a ruthless, manipulative girl.[2] Due to the massive reformulation on the story's timing, pacing and overall narrative for the television adaptation, the on-screen Alison DiLaurentis holds various differences from her literary counterpart, such as the fact that the latter has a identical twin sister, while the former does not.
In 2019, Pieterse will reprise her role as Alison in the television series spin-off titled Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists,[3] which is based on a trilogy written by Shepard. It is currently unknown whether or not it will be linked to the original series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Character in print
1.1 Story lines
2 Character on screen
2.1 Development
2.2 Story lines
2.2.1 Season 1
2.2.2 Season 2
2.2.3 Season 3
2.2.4 Season 4
2.2.5 Season 5
2.2.6 Season 6
2.2.7 Season 7
3 Reception
3.1 Critical
3.2 Awards and nominations
4 References
5 External links
Character in print[edit]
Pretty Little Liars is a series of books which revolves around the lives of four teenagers in Rosewood, Pennsylvania whom each struggle with different physical and psychological issues, as well as living in danger because of a dangerous stalker who emerges after the four's best friend and leader Alison DiLaurentis vanishes and is found dead.
Story lines[edit]
The twin sisters Alison and Courtney Day-DiLaurentis were born on June 6, 1990,[citation needed] the fruits of a secret sexual relationship between Jessica DiLaurentis and Peter Hastings. They were identical, but completely opposite in personality. Both were popular in her hometown, but Alison was known for her wickedness, unlike Courtney, who was admired for having a kind behavior. Disgusted by that fact, Alison began to make her parents—Jessica and Kenneth, the adoptive father—think that Courtney was psychologically damaged. Alison forced Courtney to each impersonate the other, which led to a physical fight between the two. When their parents tried to find a solution to the situation, Alison threw all the blame on Courtney, saying she was making up fake stories. Eventually Courtney was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. The family then moved to Rosewood to avoid attention and shortened their surname from Day-DiLaurentis to just DiLaurentis.[4]
However, Alison did not enjoyed the full high school experience. During a visitation to the family, Courtney tricked her parents by dressing up like Alison and Alison was taken to the mental institute instead. That way, Courtney took the popular life of Alison, whereas Alison was hospitalized; from then on a sense of hatred grew within Alison. Two years after Courtney took the reins, Alison returned to the DiLaurentis house for a visit. During a night when Courtney (posing as Alison) and her new friends—Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields—were asleep, Alison reached them and she and Courtney got into a fight in the woods surrounding the DiLaurentis residence. The fight resulted in Courtney's death. Alison and her helper and boyfriend, Nick Maxwell, buried Courtney's body later on.[4]
When Alison was about to get her life back, Courtney's friends warned Mrs. DiLaurentis that "Alison" was missing. Jessica then assumed that Courtney (Alison, actually) did something against her sister's life and sent her back to psychological hospital. Meanwhile, masons filled the hole where Courtney's body was buried to build a gazebo. Hours later, "Alison" was reported missing.[5] Three years later, Courtney's friends began to be pursued by someone named "A" who knew her greatest secrets and threatened them constantly. Months later, Mona Vanderwaal, a classmate of the girls and Alison, was revealed to be "A".[6] Soon after, Alison took the reins of the game and began to chase the girls, seeking revenge for having everything she always wanted.
Alison made small appearances during the period hiding behind the "A" mask. The DiLaurentis revealed the secret about the twins after a man named Billy Ford was arrested for murdering Alison, saying that they kept the sisters hidden for so long to avoid turmoil in town. Alison, posing as Courtney, someone unknown to the four girls, invited them to spend a weekend at the family home in the Poconos. There, they got together and the girls started thinking about introducing "Courtney" to the group. However, they were trapped inside a room and Alison soon revealed the whole truth about the death of the real Courtney, and about her desire for revenge. Alison then set the building on fire, but the girls managed to escape.[4] When trying to escape the fire, Alison herself got several burns on her body and managed to escape with the help of Nick.[7]
Alison then used the following weeks to recover from the fire whilst observing her victims.[8] Nick stayed with her during her healing process, and Alison eventually discarded and incriminated him for everything she had committed, such as the homicides of Ian Thomas and Jenna Cavanaugh. In order to finally get her revenge, Alison wrote an entire diary with untrue stories of the girls torturing her while they were keeping her hostage. The piece was then found by the Rosewood P.D. and the girls were incriminated by the alleged death of Alison DiLaurentis.[9] However, Emily faked her own death, and, while Alison and everyone else thought she was dead, she managed to reach to Alison's lair—which was receiving help from Mrs. DiLaurentis—with police officers. The girls were eventually released from all charges, and Alison was definitely hospitalized.[10]
Character on screen[edit]
Development[edit]
Actress Sasha Pieterse was cast as Alison DiLaurentis in December 2009.[11][12] Alison was the queen bee of her school and the most popular girl before her disappearance. Although she cared for her friends, she enjoyed to use their strongest secrets against them to that they could, according to her, stay together. Charming and manipulative, Ali was skilled at finding ways to get back at everyone, and many people hated her.[13] After the reveal of Alison's fate in the ending of season 4, Pieterse confirmed that DiLaurentis' personality had drastically changed; she has to "figure out who she is. She's been hiding for so long, and she's a victim now."[2] "Alison's a totally different person, so to see the way they treat her is going to be very interesting and to see the way that she gets affected by it is also going to be very interesting," Pieterse said.[14]
Story lines[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Alison DiLaurentis is introduced as a very popular girl from the suburb of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, and the leader of a clique composed by her, Spencer Hastings, Aria Montgomery, Emily Fields and Hanna Marin. The first minutes of the pilot episode show the five friends reunited in the barn-turned-loft of the Hastings family during a night of summer vacation. In the midst of night, Hanna, Emily and Aria wake up to see Spencer arriving back to the barn after leaving to somewhere. Spencer naively announces that she has heard a scream of Alison, seemingly shaken due to something. Shortly after, Alison is pronounced as a missing person. One year later, the friends reunite and start to receive threatening text messages from someone unknown using the alias of "A."[15] During the entire first season, Alison appears in flashbacks. In these flashbacks, Alison is shown as a ruthless, despicable, two-sided teenager who uses the others' secret against themselves.
Season 2[edit]
After Ian Thomas is pushed down by "A" from the top of a bell tower and his body goes missing, the girls are forced to keep their friendship a secret and to maintain therapy sessions with Dr. Anne Sullivan to discuss about Alison's absence in their lives, a fact that their parents believe to be the reason why the girls are behaving strangely.[16] Days after, through Spencer's sister Melissa Hastings, the girls find Thomas' dead body, accompanied by a suicide letter in which he admits that he killed Alison.[17] Following, the girls continue to be threatened by "A." Garrett Reynolds is arrested for Alison's murder after Jenna Marshall hands the Rosewood Police Department a missing page of Alison's autopsy.[18] The second season ends when Mona Vanderwaal—a Rosewood High student and one of Alison's victims of bullying when she was alive—is revealed as "A."[19]
Season 3[edit]
The third season is set five months after the previous one. One night, Spencer, Hanna, Emily and Aria get together in Spencer's living room to drink and enjoy a life without a stalker. Emily, however, is still mourning over the death of her ex-girlfriend Maya St. Germain, who died in the same night of Mona's reveal. After drinking more than expected, the girls wake up in the midst of night to discover that Emily has disappeared. They later find her in the cemetery, standing on Alison's graveyard, with Alison's body gone. With Emily drugged and they involved in a crime, the girls then promise to keep the secret. They dispose of all evidence connecting them to the happening, including all of Emily's clothes. A new person using the "A" identity soon restarts the stalking game.[20] The new stalker threatens them with what happened previously. Mostly of the season's episodes revolve around the question of where Alison's remains are.[21][22] The girls later on befriend new resident CeCe Drake, a woman physically and psychologically similar to Alison. Drake reveals to them that she and Alison were best friends when Alison was alive, years prior.[23] Throughout the following episodes Drake gets intimate with the girls, who are suspicious of her Alison-like behavior. Later on, Alison is shown in more flashbacks of the night she disappeared, with some revealing that Alison met with CeCe, Aria's father, Jenna Marshall and Garrett Reynolds that night. In sequence, the girls discover, in Alison's biology notebook, a conversation between her and a friend in which Alison talks about a "beach hottie."[24] The girls investigate while a figure using a red coat starts to appear periodically to them, and they begin to believe that it is Alison. In the meantime, Mona and Spencer's boyfriend Toby Cavanaugh are revealed as helpers (and double agents) of the new "A." With the help of the two, the girls plot a trap to catch "A," but the stalker uses their own setting against them, and, during a fire, the girls are saved by Red Coat. Hanna wakes up and sees Red Coat staring at her, and the person is revealed to be Alison. Afterwards, Mona and Spencer claim that they also saw Alison. On the way back to Rosewood, Mona reveals that Red Coat would sometimes wear a mask that looked like Alison's face, meaning that Red Coat could have just looked like Alison.[25]
Season 4[edit]
After the girls find Alison's diary, they try to understand her. Throughout the season, Alison is shown in several flashbacks concerning her behavior, mostly based on histories written on her diary.[26][27][28][29][30][31] The girls later meet Carla Grunwald, who tells them that she helped Alison step out of the grave that she was buried; Grunwald then drove her to a hospital, but Alison ran away.[32] With this confirmation, the girls start a quest to find Alison, following the steps of two persons using the Red Coat costume, one of them being revealed to be CeCe. Fortunately, after a Halloween party, the girls follow a Red Coat, who is revealed to be Alison. She tells the girls that she needs their help, but she vanishes shortly after.[33] Alison later appears to Emily and starts requesting things to her.[34][35] The season ends when Alison sits down with her friends to explain everything that had happened to her two years earlier.[36]
Season 5[edit]
Season 6[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)
Season 7[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)
Reception[edit]
Critical[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)
Following the events of "A Is for Answers", Autumne Montague of TVOvermind lauded Pieterse's character for her self-awareness in having admitted not being a good friend, calling the moment "refreshing from a girl who in flashbacks seemed simply self-absorbed."[37]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Ceremony
Category
Outcome
Citation(s)
2011 ShoWest Awards Breakthrough Performer of the Year Nominated [citation needed]
2014 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV: Breakout Actress Won [38][39]
2015 MTV Fandom Awards Ship of the Year (shared with Shay Mitchell) Nominated [40]
2015 Teen Choice Awards Choice TV: Scene Stealer Nominated [41][42]
2016 Won [43]
2017 Choice TV Actress: Drama Nominated [44][45][46]
Choice TV: Ship (shared with Shay Mitchell) Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Jessica (July 8, 2014). "Pretty Little Liars Star Sasha Pieterse on Playing a Living, Breathing Alison DiLaurentis". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Wayne, Julia (March 19, 2014). "Sasha Pieterse and Lucy Hale Talk Ali's Return to Rosewood in Season 5 (VIDEO)". Wetpaint. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Neelie (September 25, 2017). "'Pretty Little Liars' Spinoff 'The Perfectionists' Starring Sasha Pieterse & Janel Parrish Gets Freeform Pilot Order". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shepard, Sara (2010). Wanted. New York: HarperTeen. ISBN 978-0-06-156617-2.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2006). Pretty Little Liars. New York: HarperTeen. ISBN 978-0-06-088730-8.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2008). Unbelievable. New York: HarperTeen. ISBN 978-0-06-088739-1.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2013). Deadly. HarperTeen. ISBN 978-0-06-219974-4.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2012). Burned. New York: HarperTeen. ISBN 978-0-06-208192-6.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2014). Toxic. HarperTeen. ISBN 9780062287014.
Jump up ^ Shepard, Sara (2014). Vicious. New York: HarperTeen. ISBN 9780062287045.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 7, 2009). "Laura Leighton joins 'Pretty Little Liars'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Pretty Little Liars on TV!". Alloy Entertainment. January 28, 2010. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Alison DiLaurentis played by Sasha Pieterse". Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bentley, Jean (March 19, 2014). "'Pretty Little Liars' Season 5: Ali's return will 'shake Rosewood'". Zap2it. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (June 9, 2010). "Pretty Little Liars: 'Pilot'". The A.V. Club. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Raisier, Carrie (June 14, 2011). "Pretty Little Liars: 'It's Alive'". The A.V. Club. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, Amy (July 6, 2011). "Pretty Little Liars Recap: 'Blind Dates'". MTV. Viacom International Inc. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Etkin, Jaimie (March 13, 2013). "Pretty Little Liars Recap: Most Frightening Episode Ever!". The Huffington Post. Oath Inc. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gelman, Vlada (March 19, 2012). "Pretty Little Liars Finale Recap: 'A' Is Unmasked!". TVLine. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "It Happened 'That Night'". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. Episode 1. 2012. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Birds of a Feather". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. Episode 4. 2012. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "The Remains of 'A'". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. Episode 6. 2012. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Crazy". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. Episode 7. 2012. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Out of the Frying Pan, Into the Inferno". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "A dAngerous gAme". Pretty Little Liars. Season 3. Episode 24. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "'A' Is for A-l-i-v-e". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 1. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Turn of the Shoe". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 2. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Face Time". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 4. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "The Mirror Has Three Faces". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 10. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Love ShAck, Baby". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 15. 2014. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "She's Come Undone". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 21. 2014. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Now You See Me, Now You Don't". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 12. 2013. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Grave New World". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 13. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Close Encounters". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 16. 2014. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "Hot for Teacher". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 18. 2014. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ "A Is for Answers". Pretty Little Liars. Season 4. Episode 24. 2014. ABC Family.
Jump up ^ Montague, Autumne (March 19, 2014). "Pretty Little Liars 4.24 Review: "A is for Answers"". TVOvermind. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Walsh, Hadley (July 18, 2014). "Second Wave Of Teen Choice Awards 2014 Nominees Revealed". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (August 10, 2014). "Teen Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Winners & Nominees By Category". MTV Fandom Awards. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Zach (July 8, 2015). "Teen Choice Awards 2015 Nominees: Wave 2 Revealed!". E! Online. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "WINNERS OF TEEN CHOICE 2015 ANNOUNCED". Teen Choice Awards. FOX. August 16, 2015. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crist, Allison; Nordyke, Kimberly (July 31, 2016). "Teen Choice Awards: Complete Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ceron, Ella (June 19, 2017). "Teen Choice Awards 2017: See the First Wave of Nominations". Teen Vogue. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Vulpo, Mike (July 12, 2017). "Teen Choice Awards 2017 Reveal "Second Wave" of Nominations". E! Online. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (August 13, 2017). "Teen Choice Awards 2017 Winners: 'Wonder Woman', 'Beauty And The Beast', 'Riverdale' Among Honorees". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
External links[edit]
Television portal
Arts portal
Alison DiLaurentis on IMDb
Alison DiLaurentis at Freeform.com
[hide]
v
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Episodes
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Alex Drake
Alison DiLaurentis
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Related
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Rosewood, Pennsylvania
Ravenswood
Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists
Pretty Dirty Secrets
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Age of candidacy is the minimum age at which a person can legally qualify to hold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may be eligible to stand for an election or be granted ballot access.
The first known example of a law enforcing age of candidacy was the Lex Villia Annalis, a Roman law enacted in 180 BCE which set the minimum ages for senatorial magistrates.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Controversies
2 Reform efforts
3 In various countries
3.1 Australia
3.2 Austria
3.3 Belgium
3.4 Belize
3.5 Brazil
3.6 Canada
3.7 Chile
3.8 China
3.9 Cyprus
3.10 Denmark
3.11 Estonia
3.12 France
3.13 Germany
3.14 Hong Kong
3.15 India
3.16 Indonesia
3.17 Israel
3.18 Italy
3.19 Iran
3.20 Iraq
3.21 Ireland
3.22 Japan
3.23 Korea, South
3.24 Malaysia
3.25 Mexico
3.26 Netherlands
3.27 New Zealand
3.28 Nigeria
3.29 Norway
3.30 Pakistan
3.31 Philippines
3.32 Poland
3.33 Portugal
3.34 South Africa
3.35 Thailand
3.36 Turkey
3.37 United Kingdom
3.38 United States
3.39 Venezuela
4 See also
5 Notes and references
Controversies[edit]
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1972, Linda Jenness ran for President of the United States although she was only 31 at the time.
Many youth rights groups view current age of candidacy requirements as unjustified age discrimination.[2] Occasionally people who are younger than the minimum age will run for an office in protest of the requirement or because they don't know that the requirement exists. On extremely rare occasions, young people have been elected to offices they do not qualify for and have been deemed ineligible to assume the office.
In 1934, Rush Holt of West Virginia was elected to the Senate of the United States at the age of 29. Since the U.S. Constitution requires senators to be at least 30, Holt was forced to wait until his 30th birthday, six months after the start of the session, before being sworn in.[3]
In 1954, Richard Fulton won election to the Tennessee Senate. Shortly after being sworn in, Fulton was ousted from office because he was only 27 years old at the time. The Tennessee State Constitution required that senators be at least 30.[4] Rather than hold a new election, the previous incumbent, Clifford Allen, was allowed to resume his office for another term. Fulton went on to win the next State Senate election in 1956 and was later elected to the US House of Representatives where he served for 10 years.
In South Carolina, two Senators aged 24 were elected, but were too young according to the State Constitution: Mike Laughlin in 1969 and Bryan Dorn (later a US Congressman) in 1941. They were seated anyway.[5]
On several occasions, the Socialist Workers Party (USA) has nominated candidates too young to qualify for the offices they were running for. In 1972, Linda Jenness ran as the SWP presidential candidate, although she was only 31 at the time. Since the U.S. Constitution requires that the President and Vice President be at least 35 years old, Jenness was not able to receive ballot access in several states in which she otherwise qualified.[6] Despite this handicap, Jenness still received 83,380 votes.[7] In 2004, the SWP nominated Arrin Hawkins as the party's vice-presidential candidate, although she was only 28 at the time. Hawkins was also unable to receive ballot access in several states due to her age.[8]
Reform efforts[edit]
In the United States, many groups have attempted to lower age of candidacy requirements in various states. In 1994, South Dakota voters rejected a ballot measure that would have lowered the age requirements to serve as a State Senator or State Representative from 25 to 18. In 1998, however, they approved a similar ballot measure that reduced the age requirements for those offices from 25 to 21. In 2002, Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure that would have reduced the age requirement to serve as a State Representative from 21 to 18.
During the early 2000s, the British Youth Council and other groups successfully campaigned to lower age of candidacy requirements in the United Kingdom.[9] The age of candidacy was reduced from 21 to 18 in England, Wales and Scotland on 1 January 2007,[10] when section 17 of the Electoral Administration Act 2006 entered into force.[11]
In various countries[edit]
Australia[edit]
In Australia, any person 18 years of age or older may stand for election to public office at federal, state or local government level.
The youngest ever member of the House of Representatives was 20-year-old Wyatt Roy elected in the 2010 federal election after the Electoral Act 1918 was amended (in 1973) to reduce the age of candidacy for that office from 21 to 18.[citation needed]
Austria[edit]
In Austria, a person must be 18 years of age or older to stand in elections to the European Parliament or National Council.[12] The Diets of regional Länder are able to set a minimum age lower than 18 for candidacy in elections to the Diet itself as well as to municipal councils in the Land.[13] In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35.
Belgium[edit]
Any Belgian who has reached the age of 21 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional parliaments.[citation needed] This is regulated in the Constitution and in the Special Law on the Reform of the Institutions.
Belize[edit]
According to the Constitution of Belize, a person must be at least 18 years old to be elected as a member of the House of Representatives and must be at least 30 to be Speaker of the House. A person must be at least 18 years old to be appointed to the Senate and must be at least 30 to be President or Vice-President of the Senate. As only members of the House of Representatives are eligible to be appointed Prime Minister, the Prime Minister must be at least 18 years old. A person must also be at least 18 years old to be elected to a village council.[14]
Brazil[edit]
The Brazilian Constitution (Article 14, Section 3 (VI)) defines 35 years as the minimum age for someone to be elected President, Vice-President or Senator; 30 years for state Governor or Vice-Governor; 21 for Federal or State Deputy, Mayor or Vice-Mayor; and 18 for city Councilman.[15]
Canada[edit]
In Canada, any person 18 years of age or older may stand for election to public office. However, to be appointed to the Senate, one must be at least 30 years of age, must possess land worth at least $4,000 in the province for which he or she is appointed, and must own real and personal property worth at least $4,000, above his or her debts and liabilities.[citation needed]
Chile[edit]
In Chile the minimum age required to be elected President of the Republic is 35 years on the day of the election. Before the 2005 reforms the requirement was 40 years, and from 1925 to 1981 it was 30 years. For senators it is 35 years (between 1981 and 2005 it was 40 years) and for deputies it is 21 years (between 1925 and 1970 it was 35 years).[16]
China[edit]
In China the minimum age to be elected as president or vice-president is 45.[17]
Cyprus[edit]
In Cyprus the minimum age to be elected president is 35 years.
Denmark[edit]
In Denmark, any adult 18 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.
Estonia[edit]
In Estonia, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected in local elections, and 21 years or older in parliamentary elections. Minimum age for the President of Estonia is 40.[18]
France[edit]
In France, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected to the lower house of Parliament, and 24 years or older for the Senate. The minimum age for the President of France is 18.
Germany[edit]
In Germany, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected in national, regional or local elections. The only exception is the Landtag election in Hesse where a minimum age of 21 is required.[19] Minimum age for the President of Germany is 40 by constitution.
Hong Kong[edit]
In Hong Kong a person must be at least 21 to be candidate in a district council or Legislative Council election. A person must be at least 40 to be candidate in the Chief Executive election, and also at least 40 to be candidate in the election for the President of the Legislative Council from among the members of the Legislative Council.
India[edit]
In India a person must be at least:
35 to be the President or Vice President, Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the States as specified in the Constitution of India
30 to be a member of Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament of India) and a Vidhan Parishad (the upper house of a State Legislature, in those states where the legislature is bicameral.)
25 to be the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Union Minister, Chief Minister, Vidhan Sabha Speaker, Minister in the State Governments. Additionally, to be a member of Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament of India) and a Vidhan Sabha (the lower house a State Legislature in the States of India.)
21 to be the Mayor, Chairman, Head and a Member (Members are variously called Corporators/Councillors/Ward Members according to the type of their respective local bodies) of a Nagar Nigam (Municipal Corporation), Nagar Palika (Municipal Council), Nagar Panchayat (Town Committee), Gram Sabha (Village Council) and Gram Panchayat (Village Committee) respectively.
Indonesia[edit]
In Indonesia a person must be at least:
35 to be President or Vice President as specified in the Constitution of Indonesia
30 to be Governor or Lieutenant Governor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government Act
25 to be Regent, Vice Regent, Mayor, or Deputy Mayor, as specified in the 2004 Regional Government Act
21 to be Senator or Representative in both national and local parliament, as specified in the 2008 Election Act
Israel[edit]
In Israel one must be at least 21 to become a member of the Knesset (Basic Law: The Knesset section 6(a)) or a municipality. When the Prime Minister was directly elected, one must have been a member of the Knesset who is at least 30 to be a candidate for Prime Minister. Every Israeli Citizen (including minors) can be elected as President of Israel, but the role is mostly ceremonial and elected by the Parliament.
Italy[edit]
In Italy a person must be at least 50 to be President of the Republic, 40 to be a Senator, and 25 to be a Deputy, as specified in the 1947 Constitution of Italy. 18 years of age is sufficient, however, to be elected member of the Council of Regions, Provinces, and Municipalities (Communes).
Iran[edit]
In Iran a person must be at least 21 years old to run for president.[20]
Iraq[edit]
In Iraq, the constitution states that a person must be at least 40 years old to run for president[21] and 35 years old to run for Prime Minister.[22] The Iraqi Election Law No. 45 of 2013 states that a person must be 30 years old to run for the House of Representatives.[23] There are proposals by various MP's to amend the Law and reduce the age from 30 to 25.
Ireland[edit]
The 1937 Constitution of Ireland requires the President to be at least 35 and members of the Oireachtas (legislature) to be 21.[24][25] Members of the European Parliament for Ireland must also be 21.[25][26] Members of local authorities must be 18, reduced from 21 in 1973.[25][27] The 1922–37 Constitution of the Irish Free State required TDs (members of the Dáil, lower house) to be 21,[28] whereas Senators had to be 35 (reduced to 30 in 1928).[29] The Thirty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution (Age of Eligibility for Election to the Office of President) Bill 2015 proposes to lower the presidential age limit to 21.[30] However, this proposal was rejected by 73% of the voters.
Japan[edit]
In Japan a person must be at least:[31]
25 to be the Member of parliament of the House of Representatives with Japanese nationality
30 to be the Member of parliament of the House of Councillors with Japanese nationality
See also: House of Peers (Japan)
25 to be the Member of metropolitan, prefecture, city, town or village with valid vote rights
30 to be the Governor
25 to be the Mayor
Korea, South[edit]
[32]
President : 40
Member of National Assembly : 25
Governor, Mayor : 25
Malaysia[edit]
In Malaysia, any citizen 21 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected to the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri. Minimum age for the Senator is 30.
Mexico[edit]
In Mexico a person must be at least 35 to be President, 25 to be a Senator, or 21 to be a Congressional Deputy, as specified in the 1917 Constitution of Mexico.
Netherlands[edit]
In the Netherlands, any adult 18 years of age or older can become a candidate and be elected in any public election.
New Zealand[edit]
In New Zealand the minimum age required to be elected Prime Minister of New Zealand is 18 years old. Citizens and permanent residents who are enrolled as an elector are eligible to be a candidate for election as a Member of Parliament.[33]
Nigeria[edit]
In Nigeria, a person must be at least 40 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 35 to be a Senator or State Governor, and 30 to be a Representative in parliament.
Norway[edit]
In Norway, any adult can become a candidate and be elected in any public election, from the calendar year that he or she turns 18 years.
Pakistan[edit]
In Pakistan, a person must be at least 40 years old to be President. A person must be at least 25 years old to be a member of the provincial assembly or national assembly.[citation needed]
Philippines[edit]
President and Vice President: 40
Senator: 35
Regional governor: 35
Member of the House of Representatives: 25
Provincial-level elected official: 23
City-level elected official: 21
Municipal-level elected official: 21
Member of the regional legislative assembly: 21
Barangay-level elected official: 18
Member of youth councils: 18-24
Poland[edit]
President: 35
Senator: 30
Mayor/Wójt: 25
Poseł: 21
Member of the European Parliament: 21
Councillor: 18
Portugal[edit]
President: 35[34]
Parliament: 18[35]
South Africa[edit]
Section 47, Clause 1 of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa states that "Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of the Assembly", defaulting to Section 46 which "provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years" in National Assembly elections; Sections 106 and 105 provide the same for provincial legislatures.
Thailand[edit]
In Thailand, any person 20 years of age or older can be elected to the National Assembly.
Turkey[edit]
The 1876 constitution set the age for parliamentary eligibility as 30. This remained unchanged until 13 October 2006, when it was lowered to 25 through a constitutional amendment. In 2017, it was further lowered to 18, the same as the voting age.[36]
The Prime Minister of Turkey has to be a member of the parliament, hence it has the same requirements as parliamentary eligibility. The age of candidacy for the President is 40.
United Kingdom[edit]
In the UK (other than in Scotland) a person must be aged 18 or over (16 in Scotland) to stand in elections to all parliaments, assemblies, and councils at the European, UK, devolved, or local level. This age requirement also applies in elections to any individual elective public office; the main example is that of an elected mayor, whether of London or a local authority. There are no higher age requirements for particular positions in public office. Candidates are required to be aged 18 on both the day of nomination and the day of the poll. This was reduced from 21 by the Electoral Administration Act 2006.
United States[edit]
Main article: Age of candidacy laws in the United States
In the United States, a person must be at least 35 to be President or Vice President, 30 to be a Senator, and 25 to be a Representative, as specified in the U.S. Constitution. Most states in the U.S. also have age requirements for the offices of Governor, State Senator, and State Representative.[37] Some states have a minimum age requirement to hold any elected office (usually 21 or 18).
Venezuela[edit]
In Venezuela, a person must be at least 30 to be President or Vice President,[38] 21 to be a deputy for the National Assembly [39] and 25 to be the Governor of a state.[40]
See also[edit]
Youth
Youth suffrage
Youth rights
Ageism
Ballot access
Electoral reform
Voting age
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ Broughton, Thomas; Marcia Patterson (1951). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. American Philological Association. p. 388.
Jump up ^ "BYC Youth Manifesto" (PDF). British Youth Council. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2008-07-28. Young people believe that the age to stand as candidates for local, regional, national and European elections should be 16, as should the age to become a trustee of a charity. Young people have significant responsibilities to society at the age of 16 and can have significant responsibilities in the private sector as company directors; this inconsistency should be rectified. Young people have lots to offer and the decision of their appointment to positions of political authority or governance of organisations should be in the hands of the electorate or membership respectfully.
Jump up ^ "Unsworn Senators". Time Magazine (January 14, 1935).
Jump up ^ Battle, Dick; Tom Flake (January 5, 1955). "Senate Vote Ousts Fulton". Nashville Banner.
Jump up ^ O'Brian, Jack (11 January 1969). "Senate To Have Ineligible Man". Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, SC. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Jo (2008). We Will Be Heard: Women's Struggles for Political Power in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. Only 31, Linda Jenness did not meet the Constitutional age requirement to hold the office of President, but the SWP was on the ballot in 25 states — six more than in 1968.
Jump up ^ "1972 Presidential General Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Presidency 2004". Politics1.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-16. Since they weren't going to be elected anyways, the Socialist Workers Party didn't care that they nominated a ticket entirely ineligible to be elected. Why? Because Róger Calero is both foreign born and also not a US citizen; and Arrin Hawkins is too young. To avoid ballot access problems for the SWP, as the constitutional ineligibility may also render them unable to be listed on the ballot in some states, the 2000 SWP ticket of James Harris for President and Margaret Trowe for Vice President are being used in states that will not permit the Calero-Hawkins slate to be listed.
Jump up ^ "How old is old enough?" (PDF) (Press release). British Youth Council. October 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-07-16. BYC believes that at the age of 18 a person may hold elected office. A candidate’s breadth of life experience is something that can be evaluated by the electorate... BYC strongly believes that the age of voting should be lowered to 16 and candidacy age should be lowered to 18...
Jump up ^ The Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2, Transitional and Savings Provisions) Order 2006, article 3 and Schedule 1(14)(d).
Jump up ^ The Electoral Administration Act 2006 - Part 5, Section 17 Archived July 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ 31/BNR (XXIII. GP) Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, ss. 2 and 6, Republik Österreich Parlament (German). Retrieved on 1 July 2007.
Jump up ^ Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz - Federal Constitutional Law 1920, 1929 version Archived February 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved on 3 February 2007.
Jump up ^ Laws of Belize, Volume II, Title VIII, Chapter 88, Part III. "Any person shall be eligible to be elected as a member of a council who: is a citizen of Belize; and has ordinarily resided in the village for at least one year immediately preceding the election; and is at least eighteen years old."
Jump up ^ Brazilian Constitution (in Portuguese)
Jump up ^ "Ley Chile - Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional". leychile.cl. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Section 2, Article 79.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Republic of Estonia Archived April 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Landtagswahlgesetz - LWG I. Allgemeines - § 4 Wählbarkeit. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Piven, Ben; Ben Willers (11 June 2013). "Infographic: Choosing Iran's next president". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Iraq, Article 68
Jump up ^ Constitution of Iraq, Article 77
Jump up ^ Iraqi Election Law No. 45 of 2013, Article 8 (a)
Jump up ^ Constitution of Ireland Article 12.4.1° (President) Article 16.1.1° (Dáil Éireann), Article 18.2 (Seanad Éireann)
^ Jump up to: a b c "Children and rights in Ireland". p. Elections. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Section 11". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1973, Section 4". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act, 1922, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 14. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Irish Free State, Article 31; "Constitution (Amendment No. 8) Act, 1928, Section 1". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Referendum 2015: Home". Dublin: Referendum Commission. 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "公職選挙法". Ministry of Justice (Japan).
Jump up ^ 국가법령정보센터 - 공직선거법
Jump up ^ NEW ZEALAND'S SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT - Copyright © Electoral Commission New Zealand
Jump up ^ "O que é preciso para ser candidato a Presidente da República". Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Cmoissão Nacional de Eleições (Portugal). "Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura". Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "18 maddelik anayasa değişikliği teklifinin tam metni". Evrensel.net (in Turkish). 10 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Age of Candidacy Law & Legal Definition". USLegal.com. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter II, Article 227
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 5, Chapter I, Article 188, Section 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Part 4, Chapter III, Article 160
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text:
My Side of the Mountain (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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My Side of the Mountain
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
James B. Clark
Produced by
Robert B. Radnitz
Screenplay by
Ted Sherdeman
Jane Klove
Joanna Crawford
Based on
My Side of the Mountain
by Jean Craighead George
Starring
Teddy Eccles
Theodore Bikel
Tudi Wiggins
Music by
Wilfred Josephs
Cinematography
Denys N. Coop
Edited by
Alastair McIntyre
Peter Thornton
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
June 25, 1969 (1969-06-25)
Running time
100 minutes
Country
Canada
Language
English
Box office
$2 million (US/ Canada rentals)[1]
My Side of the Mountain is a 1969 film adaptation of the 1959 novel of the same name, by Jean Craighead George. It was directed by James B. Clark.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
The story revolves around twelve-year-old Sam Gribley (Teddy Eccles), a devotee of Thoreau (as many were back in the 1960s[2][3]). He decides to leave Toronto to spend time alone in the Canadian woods to see if he can make it as a self-sufficient spirit after his parents' promised summer trip doesn't pan out. He also wants to work on an algae experiment while he is there.
Sam's immediate companion is Gus, his pet raccoon, which lives with him in the city. He gathers supplies at a local store, hops on a bus, and heads down the 401 with Gus to what he calls "the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec". In actuality he ends up in the picturesque town of Knowlton, Quebec, southeast of Montreal, in the Notre Dame Mountains Range of the northern Appalachian Mountains chain along the eastern coast of North America from northern Georgia. Here he finds the perfect mountain stream and pond location to build a home in an old dead tree. He begins his long-planned algae experiments and proves his ability as a solitary young Thoreau living off the land and communing fully with nature.
Sam wants badly not to have to feel needful of the urban and modern world, however, the sight of a falcon overhead inspires his curiosity about falconry. He journeys back to Knowlton and to the local library, where the librarian and bird-enthusiast Miss Turner (Tudi Wiggins) supplies him with books on falconry. He steals a chick from a local falcon's nest. It, whom he names Frightful, becomes his new best friend and food supplier, after he teaches it to hunt.
One day, returning to his tree home, he finds an older man there. Bando (Theodore Bikel) is a wandering folk singer traveling the world in search of folk songs and traditions. They share survival ideas, lore with one another, and enlighten each other's worlds. They enjoy each other's pancake recipes. (Sam makes acorn pancakes and Bando makes great syrup).
Sam and Bando bond over the summer, but as September's cold air approaches, Bando tells Sam that he has to leave before winter comes on. They climb the nearby mountain together and Bando says his good-byes. Sam is lonely.
Frightful is killed by an insensitive hunter. Sam is devastated, but still manages to survive as winter sets in. His bright demeanor returns as he witnesses the local fauna playing in the winter snow. He also has the warmth of his tree home in place after building a makeshift chimney out of clay from his pond.
Sam and Gus sleep by the fire as a terrible blizzard sweeps in. Soon their tree home is blanketed in snow, and without air they will suffocate in the smoke-filled chamber. Panic-stricken, Sam begins to dig his way through the snowed-in doorway to the outside air. Luckily, Bando and Miss Turner have decided to pay him a Christmas visit. They help dig him and Gus out. The four have a Christmas celebration and sing "Good King Wenceslas" over Bando's guitar playing.
Bando shows Sam newspaper reports of his parents' concern over their missing son. He decides that he should go home, knowing that he accomplished even more than he set out for. The four head off around the side of the mountain.
Cast[edit]
Teddy Eccles as Sam Gribley
Theodore Bikel as Bando
Tudi Wiggins as Miss Turner
Paul Hébert as Hunter
Cosette Lee as Apple Lady
Ralph Endersby as Boy in Soda Fountain
George Allan as Boy in Soda Fountain
Dan McIlravey as Little Boy on Bus
Frank Perry as Mr. Gribley
Peggi Loder as Mrs. Gribley
Karen Pearson as Prudence Gribley
Production[edit]
The film was filmed on location in Knowlton, Quebec, in the Green Mountains of Quebec, Canada, and Toronto.
Bikel said in his autobiography, Theo, "What was unusual about this production (My Side of the Mountain) was that they asked me not only to sing and play, but to write the songs as well. With the exception of one French-Canadian tune, 'Un Canadien Errant,' for which I wrote the English lyrics, for all the others I wrote the words and music."[4]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1969
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1969", Variety, 7 January 1970 p 15
Jump up ^ Koslow, Francine Amy (1984). Henry David Thoreau as a Source for Artistic Inspiration: DeCordova and Dana Museum and Park, Lincoln, Massachusetts, June 6-September 9, 1984. U of Massachusetts P. p. 13. ISBN 9780870234828. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Tichi, Cecelia (2000). "Domesticity on Walden Pond". In William E. Cain. A Historical Guide to Henry David Thoreau. Oxford UP. pp. 95–122. ISBN 9780195138634. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Theodore Bikel, Theo. Harper Collins, 1995, page 308.
External links[edit]
My Side of the Mountain on IMDb
My Side of the Mountain Site
hide
v
t
e
Films directed by James B. Clark
Under Fire (1957)
Sierra Baron (1958)
Villa!! (1958)
The Sad Horse (1959)
A Dog of Flanders (1959)
The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio (1960)
One Foot in Hell (1960)
Misty (1961)
The Big Show (1961)
Drums of Africa (1963)
Flipper (1963)
Island of the Blue Dolphins (1964)
And Now Miguel (1966)
Death of a Salesman (TV movie) (1966)
My Side of the Mountain (1969)
The Little Ark (1972)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Side_of_the_Mountain_(film)&oldid=833054257"
Categories:
1969 films
English-language films
1960s adventure films
American adventure films
American films
American children's films
Films based on American novels
Films based on children's books
Films set in Quebec
Films shot in Quebec
Films shot in Toronto
Paramount Pictures films
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