text:
Craig Lamar Traylor
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Craig Lamar Traylor
Born
(1989-03-19) March 19, 1989 (age 29)
San Bernardino County, California, U.S.
Education
Rancho Cucamonga High School
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1996-present
Craig Lamar Traylor (born March 19, 1989 in San Bernardino County, California) is an American actor. He made his debut in an episode of ER in 1996. He is best known for his role as Stevie Kenarban, the asthmatic boy in a wheelchair and the title character's friend in the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle. Traylor has also had small roles in the films Matilda and Get a Clue.
In 2007, he graduated from Rancho Cucamonga High School in Rancho Cucamonga, California.
Contents
[hide]
1 Filmography
1.1 Film
1.2 Television
2 External links
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Matilda Child in Classroom
2011 Dance Fu Lil' Ryat Direct-to-video
2011 Fred & Vinnie Book Store Customer
2012 This Bitter Earth Tyrone MC
2018 Forgiven This Gun4hire Wiseguy Post-production
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 ER Michael Episode: "Dead of Winter"
2000-2006 Malcolm in the Middle Stevie Kenarban Recurring role; 58 episodes
2002 Get a Clue Uncomfirmed role Television film
External links[edit]
Craig Lamar Traylor on IMDb

This article about a United States film and television actor or actress born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
India national football team
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see India women's national football team.
India
Nickname(s)
Blue Tigers[1]
Association
All India Football Federation
Confederation
AFC (Asia)
Sub-confederation
SAFF (South Asia)
Head coach
Stephen Constantine
Captain
Sunil Chhetri[2]
Most caps
Sunil Chhetri (94)[3]
Top scorer
Sunil Chhetri (54)[3]
Home stadium
Various
FIFA code
IND
First colours
Second colours
FIFA ranking
Current
107 10 (14 September 2017)
Highest
94[4] (February 1996)
Lowest
173[5] (March 2015)
Elo ranking
Current
168 (July 2017)
Highest
48[6] (1964)
Lowest
177[6] (1977, 2013)
First international
Pre-independence:
Australia 5–3 India
(Sydney, Australia; 3 September 1938)
Post-independence:
India 1–2 France
(London, England; 31 July 1948)
Biggest win
Australia 1–7 India
(Sydney, Australia; 12 December 1956)
India 6–0 Cambodia
(New Delhi, India; 17 August 2007)
Biggest defeat
Soviet Union 11–1 India
(Moscow, Soviet Union; 16 September 1955)
Asian Cup
Appearances
3 (first in 1964)
Best result
Runners-up: 1964
The India national football team represents India in international football and is controlled by the All India Football Federation. Under the global jurisdiction of FIFA and governed in Asia by the AFC, the team is also part of the South Asian Football Federation. The team, which was once considered one of the best teams in Asia, had its golden era during the 1950s and early 1960s. During this period, under the coaching of Syed Abdul Rahim, India won gold during the 1951 and 1962 Asian Games, while finishing fourth during the 1956 Summer Olympics.
India have never participated in the FIFA World Cup, though the team did qualify for the World Cup in 1950 after all the other nations in their qualification group withdrew. However, India themselves withdrew prior to the tournament beginning. The team has also appeared three times in the Asia's top football competition, the AFC Asian Cup. Their best result in the continental tournament occurred in 1964 when the team finished as runners-up. India also participate in the SAFF Championship, the top regional football competition in South Asia. They have won the tournament six times since the tournament began in 1993.
Despite India not reaching the same heights since their golden era, the team has seen a steady resurgence since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Besides the SAFF Championship triumphs, under the guidance of Bob Houghton, India won the restarted Nehru Cup in 2007 and 2009 while also managing to emerge victorious during the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup. The Challenge Cup victory allowed India to once again qualify for the Asian Cup for the first time in 27 years.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years
1.2 Golden years (1950s–1960s)
1.3 Decline (1970s–2000)
1.4 Resurgence (2000–2011)
1.5 2011–present
2 Coaching staff
3 Players
3.1 Current squad
3.2 Recent call-ups
3.3 Past squads
3.3.1 AFC Asian Cup
3.3.2 Summer Olympics
4 Results and schedule
4.1 2017
4.2 2018
5 Competitive records
5.1 FIFA World Cup
5.2 AFC Asian Cup
5.3 Summer Olympics
5.4 Other honours
6 Head coaches
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Early years[edit]
Football teams consisting of entirely Indian players started to tour Australia, Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand during the late 1930s.[7] After the success of several Indian football clubs abroad, the All India Football Federation (AIFF) was formed in 1937. The national team played their first match as an independent nation in 1948 in the first round of the 1948 Summer Olympics against France. Using mainly barefooted players, India were defeated 2–1 in London.[7]
Golden years (1950s–1960s)[edit]
In 1950, India managed to qualify for the 1950 FIFA World Cup, which was scheduled to take place in Brazil.[8] This was due to all their opponents during qualifying withdrawing from the pre-tournament qualifiers.[8] However, India themselves withdrew from the World Cup before the tournament was to begin. The All India Football Federation gave various reasons for the team's withdrawal, including travel costs, lack of practice time, and valuing the Olympics more than the World Cup.[8]
The India national team during the 1950s.
Despite the reason given out from the AIFF, many historians and pundits believe India withdrew from the World Cup due to FIFA imposing a rule banning players from playing barefoot.[9][10] However, according to the then captain of India, Sailen Manna, the story of the team not being allowed to play due to wanting to play barefoot was not true and was just an excuse to cover up the real reasons the AIFF decided not to travel to Brazil.[8] Since then, India has not come close to qualifying for another World Cup.[11]
Despite not participating in the World Cup in 1950, the following years after, from 1951 to 1964, are usually considered to be the "golden era" of Indian football. India, coached by Hyderabad City Police head coach Syed Abdul Rahim, became one of the best teams in Asia.[12] In March 1951, Rahim lead India to their first ever triumph during the 1951 Asian Games. Hosted in India, the team defeated Iran 1–0 in the gold medal match to gain their first trophy.[13] Sahu Mewalal scored the winning goal for India in that match.[13] The next year India went back to the Olympics but were once again defeated in the first round, this time by Yugoslavia and by a score of 10–1.[14] Upon returning to India, the AIFF made it mandatory for footballers to wear boots.[7] After taking the defeat in Finland, India participated in various minor tournaments, such as the Colombo Cup, which they won three times from 1953 to 1955.[15]
In 1954, India returned to the Asian Games as defending champions in Manila. Despite their achievement three years prior, India were unable to go past the group stage as the team finished second in Group C during the tournament, two points behind Indonesia.[16] Two years later, during the 1956 Summer Olympics, India went on to achieve what is still considered the team's greatest result. The team finished in fourth place during the Summer Olympics football tournament, losing the bronze-medal match to Bulgaria 3–0.[17] The tournament is also known for Neville D'Souza's hat-trick against Australia in the quarterfinals. D'Souza's hat-trick was the first hat-trick scored by an Asian in Olympic history.[17]
After their good performance during the Summer Olympics, India participated in the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo. The team once again finished fourth, losing the bronze-medal match to Indonesia 4–1.[18] The next year the team traveled to Malaysia where they took part in the Merdeka Cup and finished as the tournament runners-up.[19]
India began the 1960s with 1960 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers. Despite the qualifiers for the West Zone being held in Kochi, India finished last in their qualification group and thus failed to qualify for the tournament.[20] Despite the set-back, India went on to win the gold medal during the Asian Games for the second time in 1962. The team defeated South Korea 2–1 to win their second major championship.[21]
Two years later, following their Asian Games triumph, India participated in the 1964 AFC Asian Cup after all the other teams in their qualification group withdrew. Despite their automatic entry into the continental tournament, India managed to finish as the runners-up during the tournament, losing out to the hosts, Israel, by two points. This remains India's best performance in the AFC Asian Cup.[22]
Decline (1970s–2000)[edit]
India returned to the Asian Games in 1966. Despite their performance two years prior during the AFC Asian Cup, India could not go beyond the group stage as the team finished third, behind Japan and Iran.[23] Four years later, during the 1970 Asian Games, India came back and took third place during the tournament. The team defeated Japan 1–0 during the bronze-medal match.[24]
In 1974, India's performance in the Asian Games once again sharply declined as they finished the 1974 edition in last place in their group, losing all three matches, scoring two, and conceding 14 goals in the first round.[25] India then showed steady improvement during the 1978 tournament, finishing second in their group of three. The team were then knocked-out in the next round, finishing last in their group with three defeats from three matches.[26] The 1982 tournament proved to be better for India as the side managed to qualify for the quarter-finals before losing to Saudi Arabia 1–0.[27]
In 1984, India managed to qualify for the AFC Asian Cup for the first time since their second place triumph in 1964. During the 1984 tournament, India finished in last place in their five team group in the first round.[28] India's only non-defeat during the tournament came against Iran, a 0–0 draw.[28]
Despite India's decline from a major football power in Asia, the team still managed to assert its dominance as the top team in South Asia. India managed to win the football competition of the South Asian Games in 1985 and then again won the gold medal in 1987.[29] The team then began the 1990s by winning the inaugural SAFF Championship in 1993.[30] The team ended the 21st century by winning the SAFF Championship again in 1997 and 1999.[30]
Resurgence (2000–2011)[edit]
Sunil Chhetri celebrating after scoring during the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup.
India's first competitive matches of the 21st century were the 2002 FIFA World Cup first round qualifiers. Despite a very bright start, defeating the United Arab Emirates 1–0, drawing Yemen 1–1, as well as two victories over Brunei, including a 5–0 victory in Bangalore, India finished a point away from qualification for the next round.[31] In 2003, India took part in the 2003 SAFF Championship. The team qualified for the semi-finals but fell to Bangladesh 2–1.[32]
Later in 2003, India participated in the Afro-Asian Games being held in Hyderabad. Under the coaching of Stephen Constantine, India managed to make it to the final of the tournament after defeating Zimbabwe, a team ranked 85 places above India in the FIFA rankings at the time, 5–3.[33] Despite the major victory, during the gold-medal match India were defeated 1–0 by Uzbekistan U21.[34] Due to this achievement, Constantine was voted as the Asian Football Confederation's Manager of the Month for October 2003. The tournament result also gave India more recognition around the country and around the world.[33]
India celebrating after winning the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup.
Constantine was replaced by Syed Nayeemuddin in 2005 but the Indian head coach only lasted for a little over a year as India suffered many heavy defeats during the 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers.[35] During this time India were defeated 6–0 by Japan, 3–0 by Saudi Arabia and Yemen respectively at home, and 7–1 away in Jeddah.[36] Former Malmö and China coach Bob Houghton was brought in as head coach in May 2006.[37]
Under Houghton, India witnessed massive improvement in their football standing. In August 2007, Houghton won the country the restarted Nehru Cup after India defeated Syria 1–0 in the final.[38] Pappachen Pradeep scored the winning goal for India that match. The next year, Houghton lead India during the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup, which was hosted in Hyderabad and Delhi. During the tournament, India breezed through the group stage before defeating Myanmar in the semi-finals. In the final against Tajikistan, India, through a Sunil Chhetri hat-trick, won the match 4–1. The victory not only earned India the championship but it also allowed India to qualify for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, the nation's first Asian Cup appearance in 27 years.[39] In order to prepare for the Asian Cup, Houghton had the team stay together as a squad for eight months from June 2010 till the start of the tournament, meaning the players would not play for their clubs.[40]
India were drawn into Group C for the Asian Cup with Australia, South Korea, and Bahrain.[41] Despite staying together as a team for eight months, India lost all three of their matches during the Asian Cup, including a 4–0 defeat to Australia.[42] Despite the results, India were still praised by fans and pundits for their valiant efforts during the tournament.[42]
2011–present[edit]
After participating the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, India's quest to qualify for the 2015 edition of the tournament began in February 2011 with AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers. Bob Houghton decided to change the makeup of the India squad, replacing many of the aging players from the Asian Cup with some young players from the AIFF development side in the I-League, Indian Arrows.[43] Even with a young side, India managed to qualify for the AFC Challenge Cup with ease.[44] Despite the good result though with a young side, the AIFF decided to terminate the contract of Bob Houghton.[45]
After having Dempo coach, Armando Colaco, as interim head coach, the AIFF signed Savio Medeira as head coach in October 2011.[46] Despite leading India to another SAFF Championship victory, Medeira lead India to their worst performance in the AFC Challenge Cup in March 2012. The team lost all three of their group matches, unable to score a single goal during the tournament.[47] After the tournament, Medeira was replaced as head coach by Dutchman, Wim Koevermans.[48] Koeverman's first job as head coach was the 2012 Nehru Cup. India won their third successive Nehru Cup, defeating Cameroon's B side on penalties.[49]
In March 2013, India failed to qualify for the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup and thus also failed to qualify for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.[50] The team also failed to retain the SAFF Championship, losing 2–0 to Afghanistan in the 2013 final.[51] After more bad results in friendlies, Koevermans resigned as head coach in October 2014.[52]
By March 2015, after not playing any matches, India reached their lowest FIFA ranking position of 173.[53] A couple months prior, Stephen Constantine was re-hired as the head coach after first leading India more than a decade before.[54] Constantine's first major assignment back as the India head coach were the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. After making it through the first round of qualifiers, India crashed out during the second round, losing seven of their eight matches and thus, once again, failed to qualify for the World Cup.[55]
Coaching staff[edit]
Position
Name
Head coach Stephen Constantine
Assistant coach Shanmugam Venkatesh
Goalkeeping coach Rogerio Ramos
Sports Scientist Danny Deigan
AIFF Technical Director Savio Medeira
Players[edit]
Current squad[edit]
The following 34 players were called up prior to the 2017 Hero Tri-Nation Series matches, as well as the 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifier against Macau.[56]
Caps and goals are updated as of 26 August 2017 after the match against Saint Kitts and Nevis.
0#0
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
1GK
Subrata Pal
(1986-12-24) 24 December 1986 (age 30) 66 0 Jamshedpur FC
1GK
Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
(1992-02-03) 3 February 1992 (age 25) 18 0 Bengaluru FC
1GK
Amrinder Singh
(1993-05-27) 27 May 1993 (age 24) 1 0 Mumbai City
1GK
Rehenesh TP
(1993-02-13) 13 February 1993 (age 24) 0 0 NorthEast United
1GK
Albino Gomes
(1994-02-07) 7 February 1994 (age 23) 0 0 Delhi Dynamos
1GK
Vishal Kaith
(1996-07-22) 22 July 1996 (age 21) 0 0 Pune City
2DF
Arnab Mondal
(1989-09-25) 25 September 1989 (age 27) 27 1 East Bengal
2DF
Narayan Das
(1993-09-25) 25 September 1993 (age 23) 21 1 Goa
2DF
Pritam Kotal
(1993-08-09) 9 August 1993 (age 24) 20 0 Delhi Dynamos
2DF
Sandesh Jhingan
(1993-07-21) 21 July 1993 (age 24) 19 4 Kerala Blasters
2DF
Anas Edathodika
(1987-02-15) 15 February 1987 (age 30) 7 0 Jamshedpur FC
2DF
Jerry Lalrinzuala
(1998-07-13) 13 July 1998 (age 19) 2 0 Chennaiyin
2DF
Lalruatthara
(1995-01-07) 7 January 1995 (age 22) 0 0 Kerala Blasters
2DF
Salam Ranjan Singh
(1995-12-04) 4 December 1995 (age 21) 0 0 East Bengal
2DF
Sarthak Golui
(1997-11-03) 3 November 1997 (age 19) 0 0 Mohun Bagan
2DF
Davinder Singh
0 0 Mumbai City
3MF
Eugeneson Lyngdoh
(1986-09-10) 10 September 1986 (age 31) 22 0 Atlético de Kolkata
3MF
Rowllin Borges
(1992-06-05) 5 June 1992 (age 25) 19 1 NorthEast United
3MF
Jackichand Singh
(1992-03-17) 17 March 1992 (age 25) 15 2 Kerala Blasters
3MF
Halicharan Narzary
(1994-05-10) 10 May 1994 (age 23) 14 0 NorthEast United
3MF
Bikash Jairu
(1982-03-12) 12 March 1982 (age 35) 10 0 Jamshedpur FC
3MF
Mohammed Rafique
(1992-09-20) 20 September 1992 (age 24) 8 1 East Bengal
3MF
Dhanpal Ganesh
(1994-06-13) 13 June 1994 (age 23) 6 0 Chennaiyin
3MF
Seityasen Singh
(1992-03-12) 12 March 1992 (age 25) 5 0 Delhi Dynamos
3MF
Milan Singh
(1992-05-15) 15 May 1992 (age 25) 3 0 Kerala Blasters
3MF
Nikhil Poojari
(1995-09-03) 3 September 1995 (age 22) 2 0 East Bengal
3MF
Anirudh Thapa
(1998-01-15) 15 January 1998 (age 19) 1 0 Chennaiyin
3MF
Germanpreet Singh
(1996-06-24) 24 June 1996 (age 21) 1 0 Chennaiyin
4FW
Sunil Chhetri
(1984-08-03) 3 August 1984 (age 33) 95 54 Bengaluru FC
4FW
Jeje Lalpekhlua
(1991-01-07) 7 January 1991 (age 26) 44 18 Chennaiyin
4FW
Robin Singh
(1990-05-09) 9 May 1990 (age 27) 30 5 Atlético de Kolkata
4FW
Udanta Singh
(1996-06-14) 14 June 1996 (age 21) 7 0 Bengaluru FC
4FW
Sumeet Passi
(1995-04-18) 18 April 1995 (age 22) 3 1 Jamshedpur FC
4FW
Balwant Singh
(1986-12-15) 15 December 1986 (age 30) 4 3 Mumbai City
4FW
Manvir Singh
2 0 Goa
Recent call-ups[edit]
The following players have also been called up to the India squad within the last twelve months.
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
Latest call-up
GK
Debjit Majumder
(1988-03-06) 6 March 1988 (age 29) 0 0 Atlético de Kolkata v. Nepal; 6 June 2017
DF
Fulganco Cardozo
(1988-01-23) 23 January 1988 (age 29) 2 1 Chennaiyin v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
DF
Chinglensana Singh
(1996-11-23) 23 November 1996 (age 20) 0 0 Goa v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
DF
Subashish Bose
(1995-08-18) 18 August 1995 (age 22) 0 0 Bengaluru FC v. Nepal; 6 June 2017
DF
Nishu Kumar
(1997-01-01) 1 January 1997 (age 20) 0 0 Bengaluru FC v. Nepal; 6 June 2017
DF
Rino Anto
(1988-01-03) 3 January 1988 (age 29) 6 0 Kerala Blasters v. Puerto Rico; 3 September 2016
DF
Keegan Pereira
(1987-11-07) 7 November 1987 (age 29) 1 0 Atlético de Kolkata v. Puerto Rico; 3 September 2016
MF
Cavin Lobo
(1988-04-04) 4 April 1988 (age 29) 8 0 East Bengal v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
MF
Laldanmawia Ralte
(1992-12-19) 19 December 1992 (age 24) 0 0 Bengaluru FC v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
MF
Isaac Vanlalsawma
(1996-09-15) 15 September 1996 (age 21) 0 0 Pune City v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
MF
Pronay Halder
(1993-02-25) 25 February 1993 (age 24) 8 0 Goa v. Cambodia; 22 March 2017
MF
Anthony D'Souza
(1987-03-02) 2 March 1987 (age 30) 0 0 Goa v. Cambodia; 22 March 2017
MF
Alwyn George
(1992-01-03) 3 January 1992 (age 25) 5 0 Bengaluru FC v. Puerto Rico; 3 September 2016
MF
Arjun Tudu
(1990-01-01) 1 January 1990 (age 27) 0 0 Services v. Puerto Rico; 3 September 2016
MF
Vinit Rai
(1997-10-10) 10 October 1997 (age 19) 0 0 Delhi Dynamos v. Puerto Rico; 3 September 2016
FW
C.K. Vineeth
(1988-02-28) 28 February 1988 (age 29) 7 0 Kerala Blasters v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
FW
Daniel Lalhlimpuia
(1997-09-12) 12 September 1997 (age 20) 3 0 Bengaluru FC v. Kyrgyzstan; 13 June 2017
Past squads[edit]
AFC Asian Cup[edit]
1964 AFC Asian Cup
1984 AFC Asian Cup
2011 AFC Asian Cup
Summer Olympics[edit]
1948 Summer Olympics
1952 Summer Olympics
1956 Summer Olympics
1960 Summer Olympics
Results and schedule[edit]
For all past match results of the national team, see the team's results page.
2017[edit]
Cambodia v India
22 March 2017 Friendly Cambodia 2–3 India
[show]Phnom Penh, Cambodia
17:00 IST Laboravy 36'
Vathanaka 62' Report Chhetri 35'
Lalpekhlua 49'
Jhingan 52' Stadium: Olympic Stadium
Referee: Võ Minh Trí (Vietnam)

Myanmar v India
28 March 2017 2019 ACQ Myanmar 0–1 India
[show]Yangon, Myanmar
17:00 IST Report Chhetri 90' Stadium: Thuwunna Stadium
Attendance: 12,205
Referee: Yu Ming Hsun (Chinese Taipei)

India v Nepal
6 June 2017 Friendly India 2–0 Nepal
[show]Mumbai, India
Jhingan 60'
Lalpekhlua 78' Report Stadium: Mumbai Football Arena
Referee: Pranjal Banerji (India)

India v Kyrgyzstan
13 June 2017 2019 ACQ India 1–0 Kyrgyzstan
[show]Bangalore, India
20:00 IST Chhetri 69' Report Stadium: Sree Kanteerava Stadium
Attendance: 6,213
Referee: Yudai Yamamoto (Japan)

India v Mauritius
19 August 2017 Tri-Nation Series India 2–1 Mauritius
[show]Mumbai, India
R. Singh 37'
B. Singh 62' Report Jocelyn 15' Stadium: Mumbai Football Arena
Referee: Dilan Perera (Sri Lanka)

India v Saint Kitts and Nevis
24 August 2017 Tri-Nation Series India 1–1 Saint Kitts and Nevis
[show]Mumbai, India
J. Singh 38' Report Amory 71' Stadium: Mumbai Football Arena
Referee: Dilan Perera (Sri Lanka)

Macau v India
5 September 2017 2019 ACQ Macau 0–2 India
[show]Taipa, Macau
17:00 IST Report B. Singh 57', 82' Stadium: Estádio Campo Desportivo
Attendance: 600
Referee: Ahmed Faisal Mohammad Alali (Jordan)

India v Macau
11 October 2017 2019 ACQ India v Macau
[show]Bangalore, India
Stadium: Sree Kanteerava Stadium

India v Myanmar
14 November 2017 2019 ACQ India v Myanmar
[show]

2018[edit]
Kyrgyzstan v India
27 March 2018 2019 ACQ Kyrgyzstan v India
[show]

Competitive records[edit]
FIFA World Cup[edit]
India have never participated in a FIFA World Cup.[57] After gaining independence in 1947, India managed to qualify for the World Cup held in 1950. This was due to Myanmar, Indonesia, and the Philippines withdrawing from qualification.[57] However, prior to the start of the tournament, India themselves withdrew due to the expenses required in getting the team to Brazil.[57] Other reasons cited for why India withdrew include FIFA not allowing Indian players to play in the tournament barefoot and the All India Football Federation not considering the World Cup an important tournament compared to the Olympics.[57]
After withdrawing from the 1950 FIFA World Cup, India didn't enter the qualifying rounds of the tournament between 1954 and 1982.[58] Since the 1986 qualifiers, with the exception of the 1990 edition of the tournament, the team started to participate in qualifiers but have yet to qualify for the tournament again.[58]
FIFA World Cup record
FIFA World Cup Qualification record
Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
1930 Did not enter Did not enter
1934
1938
1950 Qualified but withdrew None
1954 Denied by FIFA None
1958 Did not enter Did not enter
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986 Did not qualify 6 2 3 1 7 6
1990 Withdrew from qualification
1994 8 1 1 6 8 22
1998 3 1 1 1 3 7
2002 6 3 2 1 11 5
2006 6 1 1 4 2 18
2010 2 0 1 1 3 6
2014 2 0 1 1 2 5
2018 10 2 1 7 7 18
Total 0/20 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 10 11 22 43 86
AFC Asian Cup[edit]
India have qualified for the AFC Asian Cup three times. The team played their first Asian Cup in 1964. During this tournament India finished as the runners-up, their best major tournament performance yet.[59] Since then India has failed to progress beyond the first round of the Asian Cup with their most recent participation being the 2011 Asian Cup.
Year
Round
Matches
Wins
Draws
Losses
GF
GA
1956 Did not enter
1960 Did not qualify
1964 Runners-up 3 2 0 1 5 3
1968 Did not qualify
1972
1976
1980
1984 Round 1 4 0 1 3 0 7
1988 Did not qualify
1992
1996
2000
2004
2007
2011 Round 1 3 0 0 3 3 13
2015 Did not qualify
2019 To be determined
Totals
3/16
10
2
1
7
8
23
Summer Olympics[edit]
Summer Olympics record
Year
Result
Position
Pld
W
T
L
GF
GA
1908–1936 Did not enter
1948 Round 1 11th 1 0 0 1 1 2
1952 Preliminaries — 1 0 0 1 1 10
1956 Semi-finals 4th 3 1 0 2 5 9
1960 Round 1 13th 3 0 1 2 3 6
1964–1988 Did not qualify
Total 4/20 0 Titles 8 1 1 6 10 27
Under-23 National Team
1992 – present See India national under-23 team
Other honours[edit]
AFC Challenge Cup (1): 2008
SAFF Championship (6): 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2015
Nehru Cup (3): 2007, 2009, 2012
Asian Games (2): 1951, 1962
Head coaches[edit]
Since independence, there have been eighteen different head coaches for the India national team, with ten of them being foreign coaches. The most successful head coach for India was Syed Abdul Rahim, who lead India to gold in both the 1951 and 1962 Asian Games while also achieving a fourth-place finish during the 1956 Summer Olympics.[60] The most successful foreign head coach for India was Bob Houghton, who coached the side from 2006 to 2011.[61] With Houghton in charge, India won the Nehru Cup twice and the AFC Challenge Cup in 2008 which allowed India to participate in their first AFC Asian Cup for 27 years.[61]
List of head coaches of India
Balaidas Chatterjee (1948)
Syed Abdul Rahim (1950–1963)
Harry Wright (1963–1964)
Various (1964–1972)[note 1]
Pradip Banerjee (1972–1981)
Bob Bootland (1982)
Joe Kinnear (1983)
Milovan Ćirić (1984–1985)
Pradip Banerjee (1985)
Syed Nayeemuddin (1986)
Amal Dutta (1987–1988)
József Gelei (1989–1991)
Jiří Pešek (1993–1994)
Rustam Akramov (1995–1997)
Syed Nayeemuddin (1997–1998)
Sukhwinder Singh (1998–2001)
Stephen Constantine (2002–2005)
Sukhwinder Singh (2005)
Syed Nayeemuddin (2005–2006)
Bob Houghton (2006–2011)
Armando Colaco (2011)
Savio Medeira (2011–2012)
Wim Koevermans (2012–2015)
Stephen Constantine (2015–)
See also[edit]
Association football portal
Football in India portal
Football in India
India women's national football team
India national under-23 football team
India national under-20 football team
India national under-17 football team
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ From 1964 to 1972, India had so many caretaker managers that all of them were never recorded nor remembered for even managing India.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Arpit Nath, Joshua (3 September 2016). "Historic! Indian Football Team Just Thrashed Puerto Rico, Ranked 38 Places Above Them". India Times. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to All India Football Federation". www.the-aiff.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Sen, Debayen (10 February 2017). "Chhetri and Bhutia, first among equals". ESPN FC. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "India jump four spots to enter top 150 of FIFA men's rankings". Scroll. TheField Scroll. 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "India slip to 172 in latest FIFA rankings". IndianExpress. IndianExpress. 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Football Elo Ratings: India". World Football Elo Ratings. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Triumphs and Disasters: The Story of Indian Football, 1889--2000." (PDF). Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kapadia, Novy (2 July 2013). "The 1950 FIFA World Cup: A missed opportunity for India". SportsKeeda. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Lisi (2007), p. 49
Jump up ^ "1950 FIFA World Cup Brazil – Overview". FIFA. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2010-06-14. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Article written by Somnath Sengupta (2010-12-26). "Legends of Indian Football: Rahim Saab". Thehardtackle.com. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Ghoshal, Amoy. "Indian football team at the Asian Games: 1951 New Delhi". SportsKeeda.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Colombo Cup". IndianFootball.De.
Jump up ^ "Asian Games 1954". RSSSF.
^ Jump up to: a b "Melbourne, 1956". FIFA.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1958 Tokyo Asian Games". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1959 Merdeka Cup". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1960 Seoul Asia Cup Qualifiers". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1962 D'Jakarta Asian Games". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1964 Tel Aviv Asia Cup". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1966 Bangkok Asian Games". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1970 Bangkok Asian Games". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Asian Games 1974". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ "Asian Games 1978". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ "Asian Games 1982". RSSSF.
^ Jump up to: a b Arunava Chaudhuri. "The Indian Senior Team at the 1984 Singapore Asia Cup". Indianfootball.de. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
Jump up ^ "South Asian Games". IndianFootball.De.
^ Jump up to: a b "SAFF CHAMPIONSHIP: REMEMBERING INDIA’S SAFF TITLE TRIUMPHS". The Hard Tackle. 27 August 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "World Cup qualifying". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ "SAFF 2003". RSSSF.
^ Jump up to: a b "Constantine's rising stock". IndianFootball.De. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Uzbekistan win football gold". Rediff. 23 October 2003. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "National football team's coach sacked". Hindustan Times. 9 March 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "AFC Asian Cup 2007". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ "Bob Houghton is India's football coach". Rediff. 28 May 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nehru Cup 2007". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ "India win AFC Challenge Cup". Rediff.com. 13 August 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Rizvi, Ahmed (7 July 2009). "Houghton prepares in earnest". The National. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "AFC Asian Cup 2011: Group C preview". The World Game. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "INDIA IN AFC ASIAN CUP 2011: PERFORMANCE REVIEW". The Hard Tackle. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Rahul (17 February 2011). "AIFF Announces New Look Indian Squad For The AFC Challenge Cup Qualifiers". Goal.com. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Deb, Debapriya (27 March 2011). "2012 AFC CHALLENGE CUP QUALIFIERS: TEAM INDIA PERFORMANCE REPORT CARD – PART 1". The Hard Tackle. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Englishman Bob Houghton sacked as Manager of India". Caught OffSide. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian Coach Profile – Savio Medeira". WIFA. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ De Sousa, Jonathan (15 March 2012). "INDIAN FOOTBALL: AFC CHALLENGE CUP 2012 REVIEW – A LOOK AT THE BLUE TIGERS". The Hard Tackle. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wim Koevermans named as new India senior team coach". Goal.com. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "India beat Cameroon to win third successive Nehru Cup title". India Today. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "India Lose To Myanmar In AFC Challenge Cup Qualifiers". NDTV Sports. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Noronha, Anselm (11 September 2013). "Afghanistan are the SAFF Championship 2013 champions, beat India 2-0". Goal.com. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian football team goes down to Palestine; coach Koevermans resigns". Rediff. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "India slip to 172 in latest FIFA rankings". Indian Express. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stephen Constantine appointed Indian men’s football head coach". Indian Express. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Sequiera, Sean (5 September 2016). "2018 World Cup qualification was never possible for India: Stephen Constantine". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "34 players called for India senior national team camp". All India Football Federation. AIFF. 31 July 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Choudhury, Chandrahas (11 June 2014). "Blame India's World Cup Drought on the Shoes". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Indian National Team's World Cup qualifying:". Indianfootball.de. Archived from the original on 14 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Asian Nations Cup 1964". RSSSF.
Jump up ^ Mishra, Rishav (6 January 2013). "Indian Football's Golden Age". Quora (Indian Sports). Retrieved 30 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Nandi, Dhirtiman (23 August 2015). "Performance Of Foreign Coaches In Indian National Football Team". IndianFootballNetwork. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
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Corticospinal tract
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The corticospinal tract is a white matter motor pathway starting at the cortex that terminates on motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord, controlling movements of the limbs and trunk.[1] There are more than 1 million neurons in the corticospinal tract, and they become myelinated usually in the first two years of life.
The corticospinal tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, the other being the corticobulbar tract.
Anatomy[edit]
The corticospinal tract originates in several parts of the brain, including not just the motor areas, but also the primary somatosensory cortex and premotor areas.[1] Most of the neurons originate in the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus, Brodmann area 4) or the premotor frontal areas.[2][3] About 30% of corticospinal neurons originate in the primary motor cortex, 30% more in premotor cortex and supplementary motor areas, with the remaining 40% distributed between the somatosensory cortex, the parietal lobe, and cingulate gyrus.[4] These upper motor neurons originate in layer V pyramidal cells of the neocortex,[1] and travel through the posterior limb of the internal capsule in the forebrain, to enter the cerebral peduncle at the base of the midbrain. Then both tracts pass through the brain stem, from the pons and then to the medulla.[2] The corticospinal tract, along with the corticobulbar tract, form two pyramids on either side of the medulla of the brainstem—and give their name as pyramidal tracts.[1] Corticospinal neurons synapse directly onto alpha motor neurons for direct muscle control.
Betz cells are very large cells that are very visible under a microscope, and while they account for only about 5% of cells projecting to the spinal cord, they are often considered most crucial for communication of motor signals.[2] These cells are notable because of their rapid conduction rate, over 70m/sec, the fastest conduction of any signals from the brain to the spinal cord.[4]
There are two divisions of the corticospinal tract, the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract. The lateral corticospinal tract neurons cross the midline in the spinal cord, and controls the limbs and digits.[1][3] The lateral tract forms about 90% of connections in the corticospinal tract;[2] most of these (about 80% of the total neurons) cross over in the medulla, while the rest (about 10% of the total) cross over at their corresponding place in the spinal cord. The anterior corticospinal tract neurons, the remaining 10%, stay on the same side of the body, and control the trunk muscles.[1]
Function[edit]
The primary purpose of the corticospinal tract is for voluntary motor control of the body and limbs. However, connections to the somatosensory cortex suggest that the pyramidal tracts are also responsible for modulating sensory information from the body.[1]
Because some of the connections cross the midline, each side of the brain is responsible for controlling muscles for the limbs on opposite sides of the body, while controlling trunk muscles on the same side of the body.[1]
After patients are lesioned in some part of the pyramidal tracts, they are paralyzed on the corresponding side of the body. However, they can re-learn some crude, basic motions, just no fine movements.[2] This implies that the connections to these tracts are crucial for fine movement, and only partial recovery is possible if they are damaged.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kolb, B. & Whishaw, I. Q. (2009). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology: Sixth edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Purves, D. et al. (2012). Neuroscience: Fifth edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
^ Jump up to: a b Kolb, B. & Whishaw, I. Q. (2014). An introduction to brain and behavior: Fourth edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
^ Jump up to: a b Hall, Arthur C. Guyton, John E. (2005). Textbook of medical physiology (11th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 687–690. ISBN 978-0-7216-0240-0.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corticospinal_tract&oldid=798751366"
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Spinal cord tracts
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