text:
Dominican Republic cuisine
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Dominican Republic cuisine is predominantly made up of a combination of Spanish, indigenous Taíno, and African influences. Many Middle-Eastern dishes have been adopted into Dominican cuisine,[why?] such as the "Quipe" that comes from the Lebanese kibbeh. Dominican cuisine resembles that of other countries in Latin America, those of the nearby islands of Puerto Rico and Cuba, most of all, though the dish names differ sometimes.[citation needed]
A traditional breakfast would consist of mangú, fried eggs, fried salami, fried cheese and sometimes avocado. This is called "Los Tres Golpes" or "The Three Hits".
Mangú con "Los Tres Golpes" (Mangú with "The Three Hits")
As in Spain, the largest, most important meal of the day is lunch. Its most typical form, nicknamed La Bandera ("The Flag"), consists of rice, red beans and meat (beef, chicken, pork, or fish), sometimes accompanied by a side of salad.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Dishes and their origins
1.1 Taíno dishes
1.2 Spanish dishes
1.3 African dishes
2 Dishes and their origin
2.1 Dominican dishes
3 Desserts
4 Beverages
5 Geographical differences
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Dishes and their origins[edit]
The Dominican Republic was formerly a Spanish colony. Many Spanish traits are still present in the island. Many traditional Spanish dishes have found a new home in the Dominican Republic, some with a twist. African and Taíno dishes still hold strong, some of them unchanged.[citation needed]
All or nearly all food groups are accommodated in typical Dominican cuisine, as it incorporates meat or seafood; grains, especially rice, corn (native to the island[1]), and wheat; vegetables, such as beans and other legumes, potatoes, yuca, or plantains, and salad; dairy products, especially milk and cheese; and fruits, such as oranges, bananas, and mangos. However, there is heaviest consumption of starches and meats, and least of dairy products and non-starchy vegetables.
Sofrito, a sautéed mix of local herbs and spices, is used in many dishes. Throughout the south-central coast bulgur, or whole wheat, is a main ingredient in quipes and tipili, two dishes brought by Levantine Middle Eastern immigrants. Other favorite foods and dishes include chicharrón, pastelitos or empanadas, batata (sweet potato), pasteles en hoja (ground roots pockets), chimichurris, plátanos maduros (ripe plantain), yuca con mojo (boiled yuca/cassava) and fritos (fried plantains).
Bouillon cubes are used heavily in the preparation of Dominican lunch food.
Taíno dishes[edit]
Casabe – bread made out of yuca
Guanimos – Guanimo, are tamales or hallaca. A dish that can be traced back to Mesoamerica Aztec and Mayan culture. Guanimos are prepared exactly to tamales and hallaca. Cornmeal or cornflour made into a masa then stuffed and wrapped with banana leaf or cornhusk.
Spanish dishes[edit]
Arroz con leche o Arroz con dulce – rice pudding.
Crème caramel – sweet egg custard known as flan. Coconut flan is known as quesillo de coco.
African dishes[edit]
Mondongo beef tripe soup
Mangú –
Mangú
mashed, boiled plantains can be traced back to west Africa. The origin name of this dish is fufu. Still called fufu in parts Africa, Cuba and Puerto Rico and cayeye in Colombia. This is a typical and official national breakfast in the Dominican Republic but can also be served at lunch and dinner. Mangú is typically served with queso Frito (white cheese fried in a pan), Dominican salami, eggs and topped with onions cooked in vinegar. This is also known as los tres golpes (the three hits).
Dishes and their origin[edit]
Yanikeiki, also called Yaniqueques
Arroz con almendras y pasas – A rice with raisins and almonds brought over by Lebanese. It is usually eaten around Christmas.
Souflé de Batata con marshmallow – Is a casserole of mashed sweet potato, which is usually mixed with some orange juice. It is then topped with marshmallows and placed in the oven. This is another Christmas classic.
Moro de guandules – The Dominican Republic has adopted arroz con guandules (yellow-rice with pigeon peas, pork, olives and capers) known to Dominicans as moro de guandules.
Yaniqueque – Jonnycakes, a dish brought by sugarcane workers from the Lesser Antilles over a century ago.
Kipes or Quipes (deep fried bulgur roll) – A version of the Middle Eastern kibbeh, brought by a wave of Middle Eastern immigrants that arrived in the Dominican Republic at the end of the 19th century.
Pasteles en hojas
Pasteles en hojas – Tubers or plantains are grated and the paste is formed into a rectangular purse shape, stuffed with meat. They are then tightly wrapped in a banana leaf and boiled. Pasteles are usually served on Christmas and as street food. They have become a staple in Dominican cuisine.
Mofongo –
Mofongo
a popular fried plantain dish from Puerto Rico.[2] It is made from fried green plantains or fried yuca, seasoned with garlic, olive oil, and pork cracklings, then mashed with a little broth. Mofongo is usually served with a chicken broth soup.
Tostones –
Tostones
known as fritos verdes. They are fried green plantain slices served flattened and salted.
Pastelitos – They are similar to a hand pie, usually fried and stuffed with beef or cheese.
Dominican dishes[edit]
Arañitas – “little spiders” in Spanish. Shredded yuca fritters mixed with eggs, sugar, and anise seeds.
Bollitos de yuca o platáno maduro – cassava or sweet plantains fritters balls stuffed with cheese.
Buche e perico – Literally parrot's cheek. A hearty corn stew made with mirepoix, garlic, tomatoes, cilantro, smoked pork chops and squash.
Camarones con coco y gengibre – Shrimp with coconut and ginger. This dish is prepared with Dominican seasoning as a base and with the addition of coconut milk and ginger.
Chen-chen – A cracked corn pilaf dish originating in San Juan De La Maguana with African influences.
Chicharrón de pollo – fried chicken.
Chimichurris – Ground beef or pork topped with Marie Rose sauce (mayo and ketchup), tomatoes, and cabbage in a hero bread.
Rice dishes – Most dishes in the Dominican Republic are served with rice. A popular staple of the Dominican cuisine is arroz con maiz It combines the sweet flavor of corn with the salty flavor of rice and other ingredients. Locrio a classic style of mixing rice with other kind of meat, this dish is usually served with a salad, yucca or plantains. Moro de guandules con coco a rice, pigeon peas (guandules), and coconut milk dish. Concón isn't really something you cook on its own. Instead, it's a byproduct of cooking rice. Simply put, it's the layer of burnt hard rice left behind when cooking in a caldero (iron pot). It contains the most flavor.
Soups – Dominicans take much pride in their soups and everyone on the island claims to make the best soup. More than a third of the country’s total population lives in poverty, and almost 20 per cent are living in extreme poverty. In rural areas poor people constitute half of the population. Soup in the Dominican Republic are easy, cheap and can feed a large number of people. Chambre a legumes, rice and meat stew. Chapea a red or white beans stew with mashed squash, longaniza (sausage), and ripe plantains. Dominican Republic has also adopted many soups like sancocho the Dominican national soup, mondongo (beef tripe soup), asopao a rice soup made with chicken, pork or shrimp, crema de cepa de apio (celery root soup).
Spaghetti a la Dominicana – Spaghetti cooked with milk, salami, peppers, onions, garlic, tomato sauce, orégano, and olives. Also served for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Telera – Dominican bread similar to Mexican Telera.
Niño envuelto – Cabbage roll filled with rice. A dish brought over by Lebanese immigrants.
Pan de coco – Coconut bread.
Mazamorra – Mashed Squash topped with onions.
Pico y pala – Pick and shovel. Chicken feet and neck is associated with the popular dining rooms and cafeterias, very common in low income neighborhoods. Usually cooked with onions, cilantro, culantro, oregano, and sugar.
Guisados – Braised meat or fish cooked with sautéed bell peppers, onions, garlic, celery, olives, and cilantro. A small amount of sour orange or lime juice, tomato paste, water, orégano and sugar are then added. When done it is served with white rice. This is a popular staple in Dominican kitchens. Carne mechada is braised tenderloin or flank.
Lengua picante – spicy cow tongue.
Wasakaka – A sauce usually served on chicken made from citrus, parsley, garlic, olive oil, and chilis.
Pastelón – Casseroles. A main element of Dominican cuisine. There are more than six variations in the Dominican Republic the most popular ones being pastelón de platano maduro (yellow plantain casserole) and pastelón de yuca (cassava casserole). Pastelón can be found in other Latin American Countries like Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Panama and Cuba, specially the eastern part which has great Dominican influence. Pastelón are usually stuffed with ground meat or chicken.
Desserts[edit]
Almibar de frutas – Fruit cooked in syrup. The most popular is called mala rabia. Guava, sweet plantains, and sweet potato with cinnamon.
Arepa – Cornmeal and coconut cake. Dominican arepa is different from that of the Venezuelan and Colombian arepa.
Bizcocho Dominicano – Dominican cake uses a basic cake recipe with vanilla, eggs, flour, sugar, margarine, and baking soda, but replaces milk with orange juice and lime zest. When done the cake is then filled with pineapple jam and frosted with meringue.
Canquiña
Chaca – Corn pudding made with corn kernels, milk, cinnamon, clove and sometimes cooked rice.
Conconete – Coconut macaroons with sugar, ginger and cinnamon.
Dulce de coco tierno
Dulce de leche cortada – Coconut macaroons made with sugar, shredded coconut and milk.
Dulce de leche – Dominican dulce de leche is thicker than other Latin American countries. Dulce de leche is popular with pineapple jam in the Dominican Republic.
Gofio – A sweet cornmeal powder from the Canary islands.
Habichuelas con dulce – Sweet creamed beans dessert. Made with coconut milk, sweet potato chunks, etc.
Jalao – Round-looking balls that are made with just shredded coconut and honey.
Jalea de batata – Sweet potato pudding.
Majarete – Corn pudding made with fresh corn, cornstarch, milk, vanilla and cinnamon. Some Dominicans add coconut milk and nutmeg.
Palitos de coco – Shredded coconut lollpops cooked with condense milk. When done they are formed into small balls and coated in a simple syrup made from sugar, cron syrup, and red food
Polvorones – Crumbley rounded vanilla cookies covered in powdered sugar.
Beverages[edit]
Bottles of mamajuana
Morir Soñando – a popular orange juice, milk, and sugar
Ponche – eggnog is very popular around Christmas time
Mabí – juice made from colubrina bark or fruit, sometimes fermented, sometimes spiced
Mama Juana – an alcoholic drink concocted by allowing rum, red wine, and honey to soak in a bottle with tree bark and herbs
Pera Piña
Jugo de avena – oatmeal juice
Chocolate de mani – peanut based hot chocolate
Cerveza – beer, especially Presidente
Batidas – Brazilian smoothies very popular in the Dominican Republic. Guava smoothies are called champola on the island.
Jugos Naturales – fresh fruit juice
Punche de Malta – Malta shook with ice cubes and condensed milk
Romo or ron – rum, especially Brugal and Barceló
Geographical differences[edit]
What Dominicans tend to eat depends highly on where they live: whether near the sea or in the interior mountains. In either case, most Dominican meat dishes tend to involve pork, as pigs are farmed quite heavily on the island. Meat dishes tend to be very well cooked or even stewed in Dominican restaurants, a tradition stemming from the lesser availability of refrigeration on the island.
Seaside Dominican fishing villages will have great varieties of seafood, the most common being shrimp, marlin, mahi-mahi or dorado, and lobster. Most villagers more commonly dine on cheap, lesser-quality fish, usually stewed with la criolla, a type of rice. Premium seafood tends to be too expensive for the many locals, and is saved for the island's upper class and the tourist resorts.
Differences between Dominican cuisine and those of other parts of the West Indies include the milder spicing, which mainly uses onions, garlic, cilantro, cilantro ancho (culantro), ají cubanela (cubanelle pepper), and oregano. Dominican sofrito is known on the island as sazón.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Food Crops". U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
Jump up ^ Clara R. Gonzalez; Ilana Benady; Jill Wyatt (2007). Traditional Dominican Cookery. Lulu.com. p. 56. ISBN 9945-04-501-6.
Further reading[edit]
Castro, Marianela; Clavé, Montse; Alcántara, Luz María (1996). Cocina Dominicana: Volume 2 of Cocinas de allí, aquí. Icaria Editorial. ISBN 978-84-7426-277-3.
Féliz-Camilo, Arturo (2012). Las recetas de Mamá Pura: Volume 1 El Fogoncito collection. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1-4752-8083-8.
Féliz-Camilo, Arturo (2013). Diccionario Culinario Dominicano. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1-4840-1111-9.
External links[edit]
Dominican Cooking
Dominican Heat
El Fogoncito
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Nino Rota
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Nino Rota Rinaldi
Nino Rota (left)
Born
Giovanni Rota Rinaldi
3 December 1911
Milan, Italy
Died
10 April 1979(1979-04-10) (aged 67)
Rome, Italy
Occupation
Composer
Children
Nina Rota (daughter)
Giovanni "Nino" Rota[1] (3 December 1911 – 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974).
During his long career Rota was an extraordinarily prolific composer, especially of music for the cinema. He wrote more than 150 scores for Italian and international productions from the 1930s until his death in 1979—an average of three scores each year over a 46-year period, and in his most productive period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s he wrote as many as ten scores every year, and sometimes more, with a remarkable thirteen film scores to his credit in 1954. Alongside this great body of film work, he composed ten operas, five ballets and dozens of other orchestral, choral and chamber works, the best known being his string concerto. He also composed the music for many theatre productions by Visconti, Zeffirelli and Eduardo De Filippo[2] as well as maintaining a long teaching career at the Liceo Musicale in Bari, Italy, where he was the director for almost 30 years.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early career
2 Film scores
3 Orchestral, chamber and choral music
4 Operas
5 Personal life
6 Death
7 Quotations
8 Works
9 Discography
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Early career[edit]
Rota at age 12.
Giovanni Rota was born into a musical family in Milan. Rota was a renowned child prodigy—his first oratorio, L'infanzia di San Giovanni Battista, was written at age 11[3] and performed in Milan and Paris as early as 1923; his three-act lyrical comedy after Hans Christian Andersen, Il Principe Porcaro, was composed when he was just 13 and published in 1926. He studied at the Milan conservatory there under Giacomo Orefice[2] and then undertook serious study of composition under Ildebrando Pizzetti and Alfredo Casella at the Santa Cecilia Academy in Rome, graduating in 1930.[4]
Encouraged by Arturo Toscanini, Rota moved to the United States where he lived from 1930 to 1932. He won a scholarship to the Curtis Institute of Philadelphia, where he was taught conducting by Fritz Reiner and had Rosario Scalero as an instructor in composition.[4] Returning to Milan, he wrote a thesis on the Renaissance composer Gioseffo Zarlino. Rota earned a degree in literature from the University of Milan, graduating in 1937, and began a teaching career that led to the directorship of the Liceo Musicale in Bari, a title he held from 1950 until 1978.[4]
Film scores[edit]
Nino Rota wrote the score for the film 'The glass mountain' in 1949. Notable was the singing of Tito Gobi, one of the worlds greatest baritones. The film won a number of awards.
In his entry on Rota in the 1988 edition of The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Composers and Musicians, music scholar Nicholas Slonimsky described Rota as "brilliant" and stated that his musical style:
"... demonstrates a great facility and even felicity, with occasional daring excursions into dodecaphony. However his most durable compositions are related to his music for the cinema; he composed the sound tracks of a great number of films of the Italian director Federico Fellini covering the period from 1950 to 1979."[4]
Furthermore, one of his compositional habits in particular came up for disapproving remarks: his penchant for pastiche of various past styles, which quite often turned into outright quotation of his own earlier music or even others' music. One of the most noticed examples of such incorporation is his use of the Larghetto from Dvorák's Opus 22 Serenade for Strings in E major as a theme for a character in Fellini's La Strada.[5]
During the 1940s, Rota composed scores for more than 32 films, including Renato Castellani's Zaza (it) (1944). His association with Fellini began with Lo sceicco bianco (The White Sheik) (1952), followed by I vitelloni (1953) and La strada (The Road) (1954). They continued to work together for decades, and Fellini recalled:
The most precious collaborator I have ever had, I say it straightaway and don't even have to hesitate, was Nino Rota — between us, immediately, a complete, total, harmony ... He had a geometric imagination, a musical approach worthy of celestial spheres. He thus had no need to see images from my movies. When I asked him about the melodies he had in mind to comment one sequence or another, I clearly realized he was not concerned with images at all. His world was inner, inside himself, and reality had no way to enter it.[6]
The relationship between Fellini and Rota was so strong that even at Fellini's funeral Giulietta Masina, Fellini's wife, asked trumpeter Mauro Maur to play Rota's Improvviso dell'Angelo in the Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome.[7]
Rota's score for Fellini's 8½ (1963) is often cited as one of the factors which makes the film cohesive. His score for Fellini's Juliet of the Spirits (1965) included a collaboration with Eugene Walter on the song, "Go Milk the Moon" (cut from the final version of the film), and they teamed again for the song "What Is a Youth?", part of Rota's score for Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet.
The American Film Institute ranked Rota's score for The Godfather #5 on their list of the greatest film scores. His score for War and Peace was also nominated for the list. In all, Rota wrote scores to more than 150 films.
Orchestral, chamber and choral music[edit]
Rota wrote numerous concerti and other orchestral works as well as piano, chamber and choral music, much of which has been recorded and released on CD. After his death from heart failure[8] in 1979, Rota's music was the subject of Hal Willner's 1981 tribute album Amarcord Nino Rota, which featured several at the time relatively unknown but now famous jazz musicians. Gus Van Sant used some of Rota's music in his 2007 film Paranoid Park and director Michael Winterbottom used several Rota selections in the 2005 film Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story. Danny Elfman frequently cites Nino Rota as a major influence. Director Mario Monicelli filmed a documentary Un amico magico: il maestro Nino Rota which featured interviews with Franco Zeffirelli and Riccardo Muti (a student under Rota at Bari Conservatory), and was followed by a German documentary Nino Rota - Un maestro della musica. Both explored film and concert sides of the composer.
Operas[edit]
His 1955 opera Il cappello di paglia di Firenze (The Florentine Straw Hat) is an adaptation of the play by Eugène Labiche and was presented by the Santa Fe Opera in 1977. In 2005 his opera Aladino e la lampada magica (Aladdin and the Magical Lamp), with Cosmin Ifrim in the title role, was performed in German translation at the Vienna State Opera and released on DVD. Il cappello di paglia di Firenze and Aladino e la lampada magica are regularly staged in Europe as are many symphonic and chamber titles
Written for a radio production by RAI in 1950, his short opera, I due timidi (The Two Timid Ones), was presented by the Santa Fe Opera as part of their pre-season "One-Hour Opera" program in May/June 2008.
Personal life[edit]
Rota has one daughter, Nina Rota, from a relationship with pianist Magda Longari. [9]
Death[edit]
Rota died from a coronary thrombosis in Rome, aged 67.
Quotations[edit]
Federico Fellini recalls his first chance meeting with Rota:
"Outside Cinecittà, I noticed a funny little man waiting in the wrong place for the tram. He seemed happily oblivious of everything. I felt compelled... to wait with him... I was certain that the tram would stop in its regular place and we would have to run for it, and he was equally certain it would stop where he was standing... To my surprise, the tram did stop right in front of us."
A critic conversing with Nino Rota at the age of eleven just prior to a performance of his oratorio, The Childhood of St. John the Baptist, in 1923:
Critic: "Do you like playing?"
Rota: "Whenever I can ... Is it hard to write for a newspaper?"
Critic: "It's not easy to do a good article"
Rota: "Have you come from Brussels specially to hear my oratorio?"
Critic: "I certainly have, my little friend."
Rota: "That’s really funny. I won’t be conducting it tonight. Yesterday the double bass snubbed me"
On his friendship with Igor Stravinsky:
"Stravinsky was fun; his mind struck sparks. Age was no barrier - ours became a true friendship, despite distance and meeting ever more rarely."
Nino Rota reflecting on the unhappiness of others:
"When I’m creating at the piano, I tend to feel happy; but - the eternal dilemma - how can we be happy amid the unhappiness of others? I'd do everything I could to give everyone a moment of happiness. That's what's at the heart of my music."
Federico Fellini on Nino Rota:
"He was someone who had a rare quality belonging to the world of intuition. Just like children, simple men, sensitive people, innocent people, he would suddenly say dazzling things. As soon as he arrived, stress disappeared, everything turned into a festive atmosphere; the movie entered a joyful, serene, fantastic period, a new life."
Works[edit]
See List of compositions by Nino Rota and List of film scores by Nino Rota
Discography[edit]
See Nino Rota discography
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ninorota.com
^ Jump up to: a b "Nino Rota Music Catalogue".
Jump up ^ Nicholas Slonimsky, The Concise Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Composers and Musicians (Simon & Schuster, London, 1988, ISBN 0-671-69896-6), p. 1063
^ Jump up to: a b c d Slonimsky, p.1063
Jump up ^ AllMusic. Nino Rota - Le Molière imaginaire, ballet suite for orchestra
Jump up ^ Rota & Fellini Archived 2010-11-20 at the Wayback Machine., Cadrage, April/May 2003
Jump up ^ "fellini_funerali ITALIANO - Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri alle Terme di Diocleziano di Roma".
Jump up ^ "Nino Rota".
Jump up ^ Videtti, Giuseppe. “Amarcord Nino Rota“, La Repubblica Milano, 20 April 2014.
Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, ISBN 0-19-861459-4
Further reading[edit]
Richard Dyer. Nino Rota: Music, Film, and Feeling. New York: Palgrave and Macmillan (on behalf of the British Film Institute), 2010.
Franco Sciannameo. Nino Rota's The Godfather Trilogy: A Film Score Guide. Scarecrow Press, 2010.
John Simon. The Other Rota. The New Criterion, Vol. 34, No. 10 / June 2016
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nino Rota.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Nino Rota
Official website
Nino Rota at Encyclopædia Britannica
Schott Music profile
Nino Rota on IMDb
Nino Rota at Find a Grave
[show]
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Nino Rota
Operas
Il cappello di paglia di Firenze
I due timidi
Concertos
Trombone Concerto
Film soundtracks
Romeo and Juliet
The Godfather
"Speak Softly, Love"
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part III
Related articles
List of compositions by Nino Rota
List of film scores by Nino Rota
Nino Rota discography
[show]
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The Godfather
Novels
The Godfather
The Sicilian
The Godfather Returns
The Godfather's Revenge
The Family Corleone
Films
The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part III
Video games
The Godfather (1991)
The Godfather (2006)
The Godfather II (2009)
Corleone family
Vito Corleone
Michael Corleone
Tom Hagen
Sonny Corleone
Fredo Corleone
Carmela Corleone
Kay Adams-Corleone
Connie Corleone
Anthony Corleone
Mary Corleone
Vincent Corleone
Sandra Corleone
Family allies
Luca Brasi
Peter Clemenza
Al Neri
Frank Pentangeli
Salvatore Tessio
Family enemies
Don Altobello
Emilio Barzini
Don Fanucci
Moe Greene
Carlo Rizzi
Hyman Roth
Joey Zasa
Others
Amerigo Bonasera
Cardinal Lamberto
Lucy Mancini
Danny Shea
Mickey Shea
Billy Van Arsdale
Aldo Trapani
Albert Volpe
Music
The Godfather (soundtrack)
The Godfather Part II (soundtrack)
The Godfather Part III (soundtrack)
"Speak Softly, Love"
"Promise Me You'll Remember"
Miscellaneous
List of minor characters in The Godfather series
Mario Puzo
Mark Winegardner
Edward Falco
Five Families
Corleone
The Godfather Effect
The Godfather Papers and Other Confessions
The Godfather Saga
The Last Don
Omertà
The Sicilian
Book
Category
[show]
Awards for Nino Rota
[show]
v
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Academy Award for Best Original Score
1930s
Louis Silvers (1934)
Max Steiner (1935)
Leo F. Forbstein (1936)
Charles Previn (1937)
Erich Wolfgang Korngold/Alfred Newman (1938)
Herbert Stothart/Richard Hageman, W. Franke Harling, John Leipold, Leo Shuken (1939)
1940s
Leigh Harline, Paul J. Smith, Ned Washington/Alfred Newman (1940)
Bernard Herrmann/Frank Churchill and Oliver Wallace (1941)
Max Steiner/Ray Heindorf and Heinz Roemheld (1942)
Alfred Newman/Ray Heindorf (1943)
Max Steiner/Morris Stoloff and Carmen Dragon (1944)
Miklós Rózsa/Georgie Stoll (1945)
Hugo Friedhofer/Morris Stoloff (1946)
Miklós Rózsa/Alfred Newman (1947)
Brian Easdale/Johnny Green and Roger Edens (1948)
Aaron Copland/Roger Edens and Lennie Hayton (1949)
1950s
Franz Waxman/Adolph Deutsch and Roger Edens (1950)
Franz Waxman/Johnny Green and Saul Chaplin (1951)
Dimitri Tiomkin/Alfred Newman (1952)
Bronisław Kaper/Alfred Newman (1953)
Dimitri Tiomkin/Adolph Deutsch and Saul Chaplin (1954)
Alfred Newman/Robert Russell Bennett, Jay Blackton and Adolph Deutsch (1955)
Victor Young/Alfred Newman and Ken Darby (1956)
Malcolm Arnold (1957)
Dimitri Tiomkin/Andre Previn (1958)
Miklós Rózsa/Andre Previn and Ken Darby (1959)
1960s
Ernest Gold/Morris Stoloff and Harry Sukman (1960)
Henry Mancini/Saul Chaplin, Johnny Green, Sid Ramin and Irwin Kostal (1961)
Maurice Jarre/Ray Heindorf (1962)
John Addison/Andre Previn (1963)
Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman/Andre Previn (1964)
Maurice Jarre/Irwin Kostal (1965)
John Barry/Ken Thorne (1966)
Elmer Bernstein/Alfred Newman and Ken Darby (1967)
John Barry/Johnny Green (1968)
Burt Bacharach/Lennie Hayton and Lionel Newman (1969)
1970s
Francis Lai/The Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr) (1970)
Michel Legrand/John Williams (1971)
Charlie Chaplin, Raymond Rasch and Larry Russell/Ralph Burns (1972)
Marvin Hamlisch/Marvin Hamlisch (1973)
Nino Rota and Carmine Coppola/Nelson Riddle (1974)
John Williams/Leonard Rosenman (1975)
Jerry Goldsmith/Leonard Rosenman (1976)
John Williams/Jonathan Tunick (1977)
Giorgio Moroder/Joe Renzetti (1978)
Georges Delerue/Ralph Burns (1979)
1980s
Michael Gore (1980)
Vangelis (1981)
John Williams/Henry Mancini and Leslie Bricusse (1982)
Bill Conti/Michel Legrand, Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1983)
Maurice Jarre/Prince (1984)
John Barry (1985)
Herbie Hancock (1986)
Ryuichi Sakamoto, David Byrne and Cong Su (1987)
Dave Grusin (1988)
Alan Menken (1989)
1990s
John Barry (1990)
Alan Menken (1991)
Alan Menken (1992)
John Williams (1993)
Hans Zimmer (1994)
Luis Enríquez Bacalov/Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz (1995)
Gabriel Yared/Rachel Portman (1996)
James Horner/Anne Dudley (1997)
Nicola Piovani/Stephen Warbeck (1998)
John Corigliano (1999)
2000s
Tan Dun (2000)
Howard Shore (2001)
Elliot Goldenthal (2002)
Howard Shore (2003)
Jan A. P. Kaczmarek (2004)
Gustavo Santaolalla (2005)
Gustavo Santaolalla (2006)
Dario Marianelli (2007)
A. R. Rahman (2008)
Michael Giacchino (2009)
2010s
Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross (2010)
Ludovic Bource (2011)
Mychael Danna (2012)
Steven Price (2013)
Alexandre Desplat (2014)
Ennio Morricone (2015)
Justin Hurwitz (2016)
Alexandre Desplat (2017)
[show]
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BAFTA Award for Best Film Music
John Barry (1968)
Mikis Theodorakis (1969)
Burt Bacharach (1970)
Michel Legrand (1971)
Nino Rota (1972)
Alan Price (1973)
Richard Rodney Bennett (1974)
John Williams (1975)
Bernard Herrmann (1976)
John Addison (1977)
John Williams (1978)
Ennio Morricone (1979)
John Williams (1980)
Carl Davis (1981)
John Williams (1982)
Ryuichi Sakamoto (1983)
Ennio Morricone (1984)
Maurice Jarre (1985)
Ennio Morricone (1986)
Ennio Morricone (1987)
John Williams (1988)
Maurice Jarre (1989)
Andrea and Ennio Morricone (1990)
Jean-Claude Petit (1991)
David Hirschfelder (1992)
John Williams (1993)
Don Was (1994)
Luis Bacalov (1995)
Gabriel Yared (1996)
Nellee Hooper (1997)
David Hirschfelder (1998)
Thomas Newman (1999)
Tan Dun (2000)
Craig Armstrong and Marius de Vries (2001)
Philip Glass (2002)
T Bone Burnett and Gabriel Yared (2003)
Gustavo Santaolalla (2004)
John Williams (2005)
Gustavo Santaolalla (2006)
Christopher Gunning (2007)
A. R. Rahman (2008)
Michael Giacchino (2009)
Alexandre Desplat (2010)
Ludovic Bource (2011)
Thomas Newman (2012)
Steven Price (2013)
Alexandre Desplat (2014)
Ennio Morricone (2015)
Justin Hurwitz (2016)
Alexandre Desplat (2017)
[show]
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David di Donatello Award for Best Score
1975–2000
Piero Piccioni (1975)
Franco Mannino (1976)
Nino Rota (1977)
Armando Trovajoli (1978)
Fiorenzo Carpi (1981)
Lucio Dalla and Fabio Liberatori (1982)
Angelo Branduardi (1983)
Armando Trovajoli and Vladimir Cosma (1984)
Carlo Savina (1985)
Riz Ortolani / Nicola Piovani (1986)
Ennio Morricone (1988)
Ennio Morricone (1989)
Claudio Mattone (1990)
Ennio Morricone (1991)
Franco Piersanti (1992)
Ennio Morricone (1993)
Nicola Piovani (1994)
Franco Piersanti (1995)
Manuel De Sica (1996)
Paolo Conte (1997)
Nino D'Angelo (1998)
Ennio Morricone (1999)
Ennio Morricone (2000)
2001–present
Nicola Piovani (2001)
Fabio Vacchi (2002)
Andrea Guerra (2003)
Banda Osiris (2004)
Riz Ortolani (2005)
Franco Piersanti (2006)
Ennio Morricone (2007)
Paolo Buonvino (2008)
Teho Teardo (2009)
Ennio Morricone (2010)
Rita Marcotulli and Rocco Papaleo (2011)
David Byrne (2012)
Ennio Morricone (2013)
Pivio and Aldo De Scalzi (2014)
Giuliano Taviani (2015)
David Lang (2016)
Enzo Avitabile (2017)
Pivio and Aldo De Scalzi (2018)
[show]
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Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score
1940s
Life with Father – Max Steiner (1947)
The Red Shoes – Brian Easdale (1948)
The Inspector General – Johnny Green (1949)
1950s
Sunset Boulevard – Franz Waxman (1950)
September Affair – Victor Young (1951)
High Noon – Dimitri Tiomkin (1952)
On the Beach – Ernest Gold (1959)
1960s
The Alamo – Dimitri Tiomkin (1960)
The Guns of Navarone – Dimitri Tiomkin (1961)
To Kill a Mockingbird – Elmer Bernstein (1962)
(1963)
The Fall of the Roman Empire – Dimitri Tiomkin (1964)
Doctor Zhivago – Maurice Jarre (1965)
Hawaii – Elmer Bernstein (1966)
Camelot – Frederick Loewe (1967)
The Shoes of the Fisherman – Alex North (1968)
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid – Burt Bacharach (1969)
1970s
Love Story – Francis Lai (1970)
Shaft – Isaac Hayes (1971)
The Godfather – Nino Rota (1972)
Jonathan Livingston Seagull – Neil Diamond (1973)
The Little Prince – Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe (1974)
Jaws – John Williams (1975)
A Star is Born – Kenneth Ascher, Paul Williams (1976)
Star Wars – John Williams (1977)
Midnight Express – Giorgio Moroder (1978)
Apocalypse Now – Carmine Coppola, Francis Ford Coppola (1979)
1980s
The Stunt Man – Dominic Frontiere (1980)
(1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial – John Williams (1982)
Flashdance – Giorgio Moroder (1983)
A Passage to India – Maurice Jarre (1984)
Out of Africa – John Barry (1985)
The Mission – Ennio Morricone (1986)
The Last Emperor – David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Cong Su (1987)
Gorillas in the Mist – Maurice Jarre (1988)
The Little Mermaid – Alan Menken (1989)
1990s
The Sheltering Sky – Richard Horowitz, Ryuichi Sakamoto (1990)
Beauty and the Beast – Alan Menken (1991)
Aladdin – Alan Menken (1992)
Heaven & Earth – Kitarō (1993)
The Lion King – Hans Zimmer (1994)
A Walk in the Clouds – Maurice Jarre (1995)
The English Patient – Gabriel Yared (1996)
Titanic – James Horner (1997)
The Truman Show – Burkhard Dallwitz, Philip Glass (1998)
1900 – Ennio Morricone (1999)
2000s
Gladiator – Lisa Gerrard, Hans Zimmer (2000)
Moulin Rouge! – Craig Armstrong (2001)
Frida – Elliot Goldenthal (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King – Howard Shore (2003)
The Aviator – Howard Shore (2004)
Memoirs of a Geisha – John Williams (2005)
The Painted Veil – Alexandre Desplat (2006)
Atonement – Dario Marianelli (2007)
Slumdog Millionaire – A. R. Rahman (2008)
Up – Michael Giacchino (2009)
2010s
The Social Network – Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross (2010)
The Artist – Ludovic Bource (2011)
Life of Pi – Mychael Danna (2012)
All Is Lost – Alex Ebert (2013)
The Theory of Everything – Jóhann Jóhannsson (2014)
The Hateful Eight – Ennio Morricone (2015)
La La Land – Justin Hurwitz (2016)
The Shape of Water - Alexandre Desplat (2017)
[show]
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Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Score
1947–1960
Renzo Rossellini (1947)
Renzo Rossellini (1948)
Alessandro Cicognini (1949)
Roman Vlad (1950)
Giovanni Fusco (1951)
Mario Nascimbene (1952)
Valentino Bucchi (1953)
Mario Zafred (1954)
Angelo Francesco Lavagnino (1955)
Angelo Francesco Lavagnino (1956)
Nino Rota (1957)
Nino Rota (1958)
Carlo Rustichelli (1959)
Mario Nascimbene (1960)
1961–1980
Giovanni Fusco (1961)
Giorgio Gaslini (1962)
Piero Piccioni (1963)
Nino Rota (1964)
Ennio Morricone (1965)
Armando Trovajoli (1966)
Carlo Rustichelli (1967)
Mario Nascimbene (1968)
Nino Rota (1969)
Ennio Morricone (1970)
Stelvio Cipriani (1971)
Ennio Morricone (1972)
Guido De Angelis / Maurizio De Angelis (1973)
Tony Renis (1974)
Giancarlo Chiaramello (1975)
Adriano Celentano (1976)
Fred Bongusto (1977)
Armando Trovajoli (1978)
Nino Rota (1979)
Fred Bongusto (1980)
1981–2000
Riz Ortolani (1981)
Lucio Dalla / Fabio Liberatori (1982)
Angelo Branduardi (1983)
Riz Ortolani (1984)
Ennio Morricone (1985)
Tony Esposito (1986)
Armando Trovajoli / Riz Ortolani / Giovanni Nuti (1987)
Ennio Morricone (1988)
Eugenio Bennato / Carlo D'Angiò (1989)
Claudio Mattone (1990)
Nicola Piovani (1991)
Pino Daniele (1992)
Manuel De Sica (1993)
Federico De Robertis (1994)
Luis Enríquez Bacalov (1995)
Lucio Dalla (1996)
Paolo Conte (1997)
Nino D'Angelo (1998)
Eugenio Bennato (1999)
Ennio Morricone (2000)
2001–present
Ennio Morricone (2001)
Edoardo Bennato (2002)
Nicola Piovani (2003)
Paolo Fresu (2004)
Banda Osiris (2005)
Louis Siciliano / Roy Paci / Fabio Barovero / Simone Fabroni (2006)
Ennio Morricone (2007)
Paolo Buonvino (2008)
Paolo Buonvino (2009)
Rita Marcotulli (2010)
Negramaro (2011)
Franco Piersanti (2012)
Ennio Morricone (2013)
Pivio and Aldo De Scalzi (2014)
Nicola Piovani (2015)
Carlo Virzì (2016)
Enzo Avitabile (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX1022954
BNF: cb13899216x (data)
GND: 12053584X
ISNI: 0000 0001 2142 9170
LCCN: n83187920
MusicBrainz: d52ac009-4ed5-4d01-97d5-8280bb7dd460
NDL: 00912421
ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\031517
SELIBR: 297692
SNAC: w6dn44t1
SUDOC: 027990028
VIAF: 88980189
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nino_Rota&oldid=839875659"
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text:
Chief Election Commissioner of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Chief Election Commissioner of India
Incumbent
Om Prakash Rawat
since 23 January 2018
Election Commission of India
Nominator
Government of India
Appointer
President of India
Term length
6 yrs or up to 65 yrs of age
(whichever is earlier)
Deputy
Election Commissioners of India
Deputy Election Commissioners of India
Salary
₹250,000 (US$3,800) per month[1][2]
Website
Election Commission of India
India
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
India
Constitution and law[show]
Constitutional amendment
Basic structure doctrine
Fundamental rights
Human rights
———————
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Uniform civil code
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
Indian Penal Code
Law enforcement
Government of India[show]
President (Head of state)
Vice president
———————
Executive:
Prime minister (Head of government)
Union Council of Ministers
Cabinet secretary
Secretaries: (Defence • Finance • Foreign • Home)
Civil services
All India Services (IAS • IFS/IFoS • IPS)
———————
Legislature:
Parliament
Rajya Sabha (Chairman)
Lok Sabha (Speaker)
Judiciary:
Supreme court (Chief justice)
High courts (Chief justices)
District courts
Elections[show]
Election commission:
Chief Election Commissioner (Election commissioners)
Recent general elections: 2009
2014
2019
Recent state elections: 2017
2018
2019
———————
Political parties
National parties
State parties
National coalitions:
National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
United Progressive Alliance (UPA)
Federalism[show]
Administrative divisions
———————
State governments
Governor
Chief minister
Chief secretary (Principal secretaries)
Field-level officers
Divisional commissioners
District magistrates
Sub-divisional magistrates
Legislatures:
Vidhan Sabha
Vidhan Parishad
———————
Local governments: Rural bodies:
District councils
Block panchayats
Gram Panchayats
Urban bodies:
Municipal corporations
Municipal councils
Nagar panchayats
Other countries
Atlas
v
t
e
The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures and of President and Vice-President. Chief Election Commissioner of India is usually a member of the Indian Civil Service and mostly from the Indian Administrative Service. It is very difficult to remove the authority of the Chief Election Commissioner once elected by the president, as two-thirds of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha need to vote against him for disorderly conduct or improper actions.
Despite the recent[when?] changes in the hierarchy, the system always had powers to impose unambiguous rules and guidelines that applied across the entire nation e.g. as to how the ballots will be cast and counted, what will be regarded as 'unqualified' vote. India was probably one of the first countries in the World to go for a completely electronic ballot in the last elections.[when?] What made this remarkable was that the Election Commission of India had successfully implemented this across the entire diverse Indian population that also consisted of the rural illiterate people.
While the office has always been an important one in the machinery of the Indian political process, it gained significant public attention during the tenure of T.N. Seshan, from 1990 to 1996. Seshan is widely credited[by whom?] with undertaking a zealous effort to end corruption and manipulation in Indian elections. Though he made significant progress, several politicians attempted to derail these efforts. In particular, the expansion of the Election Commission to include the two Election Commissioners (in addition to the Chief Commissioner) was seen as a move to curtail the commissioner's ability to act aggressively.
Contents
[hide]
1 Suggested reforms
2 Compensation
3 Chief Election Commissioners
4 References
Suggested reforms[edit]
In June 2012, Lal Krishna Advani, a veteran Indian politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India (as well as former Leader of the Opposition in Indian Parliament),[3] suggested that appointment of CEC (as well as the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)) should be made by a bipartisan collegium consisting of the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice, the Law Minister and the Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.[4][5] Subsequently, M Karunanidhi, the head of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party and five times Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu[6] supported the suggestion. Advani made this demand to remove any impression of bias or lack of transparency and fairness because, according to him, the current system was open to "manipulation and partisanship".[4][5] Similar demand was made by many former CEC's such as B B Tandon, N Gopalaswamy and S Y Quraishi.[7][8]
Compensation[edit]
By the "Election Commission (Condition Of Service Of Election Commissions And Transaction Of Business) Act, 1991", the salary of the chief election commissioner is the same as salary of a Judge of Supreme Court of India.[1]
Salary of the Chief Election Commissioner
Salary
₹250,000 (US$3,800) monthly [1][2]
Chief Election Commissioners[edit]
The following have held the post of the Chief Election Commissioner of India.[9]
List of Chief Election Commissioners
No.
Name
Took office
Left office
1 Sukumar Sen 21 March 1950 19 December 1958
2 Kalyan Sundaram 20 December 1958 30 September 1967
3 SP Sen Verma 1 October 1967 30 September 1972
4 Nagendra Singh 1 October 1972 6 February 1973
5 T. Swaminathan 7 February 1973 17 June 1977
6 S. L. Shakdhar 18 June 1977 17 June 1982
7 R. K. Trivedi 18 June 1982 31 December 1985
8 R. V. S. Peri Sastri 1 January 1986 25 November 1990
9 V. S. Ramadevi 26 November 1990 11 December 1990
10 T. N. Seshan 12 December 1990 11 December 1996
11 M. S. Gill 12 December 1996 13 June 2001
12 J. M. Lyngdoh 14 June 2001 7 February 2004
13 T. S. Krishnamurthy 8 February 2004 15 May 2005
14 B. B. Tandon 16 May 2005 29 June 2006
15 N. Gopalaswami 30 June 2006 20 April 2009
16 Navin Chawla 21 April 2009 29 July 2010
17 S. Y. Quraishi 30 July 2010 10 June 2012
18 V. S. Sampath 11 June 2012 15 January 2015
19 H. S. Brahma 16 January 2015 18 April 2015
20 Nasim Zaidi 19 April 2015[10] 5 July 2017
21 Achal Kumar Jyoti 6 July 2017[11] 22 January 2018
22 Om Prakash Rawat 23 January 2018[12] Incumbent
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Election Commission (Condition Of Service Of Election Commissions And Transaction Of Business) Act, 1991". Vakil No. 1. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The High Court and Supreme Court Judges Salaries and Conditions of Service Amendment Bill 2008" (PDF). PRS India.
Jump up ^ "Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Karunanidhi backs Advani's view on collegium to appoint CAG, EC". Times of India. 5 Jun 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Karunanidhi backs Advani's plea for collegium". The Hindu. Chennai. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "DMK's Official Homepage-Chennai-Tamilnadu-India 800x600 screen resolution". Dmk.in. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Collegium needed to select EC: SY Quraishi". The Times of India. July 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ex-CECs backed collegium, Law Ministry not too keen". Indian Express. 10 Jun 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Previous Chief Election Commissioners". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "Election Commission of India". ECI.nic.in. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Borgohain, Sonalee, ed. (July 3, 2017). "India's new Chief Election Commissioner Achal Kumar Jyoti to take charge on July 6". India Today. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Om Prakash Rawat to succeed AK Joti as new Chief Election Commissioner". The Indian Express. New Delhi. January 21, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India&oldid=831666172"
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