text:
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (film)
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The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mike Newell
Produced by
Paula Mazur
Mitchell Kaplan
Graham Broadbent
Pete Czernin
Written by
Don Roos
Tom Bezucha
Based on
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society
by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows
Starring
Lily James
Michiel Huisman
Glen Powell
Jessica Brown Findlay
Katherine Parkinson
Matthew Goode
Tom Courtenay
Penelope Wilton
Music by
Alexandra Harwood
Cinematography
Zac Nicholson
Edited by
Paul Tothill
Production
company
Blueprint Pictures
Mazur/Kaplan Company
Distributed by
StudioCanal
Release date
April 9, 2018 (2018-04-09) (London premiere)
April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Box office
$9,713,278
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society is a 2018 British historical drama directed by Mike Newell and written by Don Roos and Tom Bezucha. The film is based on the 2008 novel of the same name, written by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows. The film entered pre-production in January 2017, with filming beginning in March 2017. The film is being distributed and financed by the French company StudioCanal.[1][2][3]

Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1941, a group of four English people, two men and two women, are walking at night-time in occupied Guernsey. They are stopped by Germans for breaching curfew. When asked for their reason, one of the women notices a book in the pocket of one of the Germans and says that they were at a book group. Collectively they make up the book group's name: the Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and avoid arrest when one of the men throws up on the soldiers' boots.
Jump to January of 1946, and Juliet Ashton is on a cross-country tour across England to promote her latest book, written under her pen-name Izzy Bickerstaff. She has just been contracted, through her publisher, Sidney Stark, to write stories for The Times Literary Supplement about the benefits of literature. Juliet does not have a permanent residence after her home with her parents was bombed during the war. She has an American boyfriend, Mark, who gives her enormous quantities of high quality flowers and is obviously very well-off. She dresses up for a night out with him but does not enjoy it, appearing to feel uncomfortable about celebrating so soon after the war.
Juliet receives a letter from Dawsey Adams, a complete stranger from Guernsey who has come into possession of her copy of Essays of Elia and who wants to know about where to find a bookshop in England to buy another book by the same author. He tells her that he is part of The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society which meets each Friday after having been created as a cover for residents breaking curfew during the German occupation of Guernsey. Juliet sends another book by Lamb and his sister, Tales from Shakespeare. She asks for more information about the society and how it came into being.
Juliet decides that she would like to write about the society and arranges immediate passage to the island. Mark proposes with a very expensive ring before Juliet embarks on the ferry. She accepts and wears the ring for the journey.
On arrival at Guernsey, Juliet arranges accommodation with Charlotte Stimple then attends the meeting of the Society where she is treated as a great celebrity by four of the original members, Dawsey Adams, Amelia Maugery, Isola Pribbey and Eben Ramsey. Eben's young grandson, Eli, is a fifth member. Knowing, from Dawsey's letters, that Elizabeth McKenna was the founder of the Society, Juliet asks as to her whereabouts and is told that she is overseas.
After sampling a piece of Eben's Potato Peel Pie and a glass of Isola's gin, and hearing stories about the group's activities during the war, including the way Dawsey found her old book in which she had printed her name and address, Juliet lets slip that she is planning to write a book about the Society. All members of the group react badly saying that they will not allow this. At the end of the night a small child runs into the room and calls Dawsey 'Daddy'. Juliet is told that she is Elizabeth's daughter, Kit.
Instead of returning home at the end of the weekend, Juliet remains in Guernsey to conduct research telling the group members that she will not write about them but will write about the German occupation.
Over the following days various members of the group start to open up about the situation with Elizabeth and Juliet discovers that she was arrested by the Germans and sent to the continent. They are still hoping that she will return home soon. Juliet rings Mark, who is in the armed forces, and asks him to try to locate Elizabeth. Juliet continues her research and assists with looking after Kit. After reading some of the work that Juliet wrote about the Society, Charlotte Stimple tells her that she has been misled by the Society and that Elizabeth was no saint. She hints that Elizabeth was putting it out to the Germans to get luxuries. Juliet asks Dawsey who confirms that he is not actually Kit's father, but the father was a German doctor, Christian Hellman, who worked with Elizabeth at the local hospital. He had been sent back to the continent but his ship had been sunk in transit and he was killed. Amelia later indicates that the Society has been keeping it quiet because they fear Christian's parents finding out about Kit and taking her away.
One day Mark arrives out of the blue and sees Juliet talking to Dawsey. It is clear that they are close. He also notices that Juliet is not wearing her engagement ring. After talking about this, Mark pulls out an envelope with information about Elizabeth. Juliet arranges for the Society to meet and tells them that Elizabeth was in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. A witness reported that after trying to protect a fellow prisoner she was shot.
Juliet and Mark leave the island and return to London but Juliet is unable to settle back into her previous life. She breaks up with Mark then starts writing about the Society. When her manuscript is finished she gives a copy to her publisher and posts a copy to the Society. Dawsey reads her letter out loud to the group and realises that Juliet has broken up with Mark and he has a chance with her. He immediately arranges for the group to look after Kit and gets on the ferry to London. At the same time Juliet arranges to return to Guernsey. She is embarking on the ferry when she notices Dawsey has just disembarked and is on the wharf. She calls to him, then runs after him. Dawsey tells her he is there to see her and has written a letter to her so he doesn't forget what he wants to say. Juliet jumps in and asks him to marry her. He says yes
Some time later Dawsey is reading to Kit with Juliet next to him, both Dawsey and Juliet wearing wedding rings.
Cast[edit]
Lily James as Juliet Ashton
Michiel Huisman as Dawsey Adams
Glen Powell as Mark Reynolds
Jessica Brown Findlay as Elizabeth McKenna
Katherine Parkinson as Isola Pribby
Matthew Goode as Sidney Stark
Tom Courtenay as Eben Ramsey
Penelope Wilton as Amelia Maugery
Production[edit]
After news of the film emerged in 2010, several actresses were mentioned as potential cast members, including Kate Winslet, Anne Hathaway and Emily Blunt. In January 2012, Winslet agreed to portray Juliet Ashton. However, she pulled out in February 2013, alongside then-director Kenneth Branagh. In October 2016, it was confirmed that former Downton Abbey actress Lily James would play the role of Juliet Ashton. Dutch actor Michiel Huisman was also signed to portray farmer Dawsey Adams.[4][5][6]
In March 2017, five more actors were confirmed to star in the film. These included Jessica Brown Findlay as Elizabeth McKenna, Glen Powell as Mark Reynolds, Matthew Goode as Sidney Stark, Katherine Parkinson as Isola and Penelope Wilton as Amelia Maugery. Filming began in March, with no plans to film on the island of Guernsey.[7][3]
Reception[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 74%, based on 31 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10.[8] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Guernsey, the film, is in pre-production – reports". Guernsey Press. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (20 October 2016). "Lily James Set To Star In 'The Guernsey Literary And Potato Peel Pie Society'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Filming begins on Guernsey movie, but no island scenes". Guernsey Press. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Can Hollywood come to Guernsey?". BBC News. BBC. July 22, 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Orzeck, Kurt (13 January 2012). "Kate Winslet to Star in Kenneth Branagh's 'Potato Peel Pie'". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Guernsey film: Kate Winslet and Kenneth Branagh 'not involved'". BBC News. BBC. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (21 March 2017). "Glen Powell, Michiel Huisman, 'Downton Abbey' Actors Join 'Guernsey'". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
External links[edit]
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Mike Newell
The Man in the Iron Mask (1977)
The Awakening (1980)
Bad Blood (1982)
Birth of a Nation (1983)
Dance with a Stranger (1985)
The Good Father (1985)
Amazing Grace and Chuck (1987)
Soursweet (1988)
Enchanted April (1992)
Into the West (1992)
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)
An Awfully Big Adventure (1995)
Donnie Brasco (1997)
Pushing Tin (1999)
Mona Lisa Smile (2003)
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)
Love in the Time of Cholera (2007)
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010)
Great Expectations (2012)
The Interestings (2016)
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (2018)
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text:
Convection cell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: Convection
Altocumulus cloud as seen from the Space Shuttle. Altocumulus clouds are formed by convective activity.
In the field of fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences result in rising and/or falling currents, which are the key characteristics of a convection cell. When a volume of fluid is heated, it expands and becomes less dense and thus more buoyant than the surrounding fluid. The colder, denser part of the fluid descends to settle below the warmer, less-dense fluid, and this causes the warmer fluid to rise. Such movement is called convection, and the moving body of liquid is referred to as a convection cell. This particular type of convection, where a horizontal layer of fluid is heated from below, is known as Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Convection usually requires a gravitational field, but in microgravity experiments, thermal convection has been observed without gravitational effects.[1]
Fluids are generalized as materials that exhibit the property of flow; however, this behavior is not unique to liquids. Fluid properties can also be observed in gases and even in particulate solids (such as sand, gravel, and larger objects during rock slides).
A convection cell is most notable in the formation of clouds with its release and transportation of energy. As air moves along the ground it absorbs heat, loses density and moves up into the atmosphere. when it is forced into the atmosphere, which has a lower air pressure, it cannot contain as much fluid as at a lower altitude, so it releases its moist air, producing rain. In this process the warm air is cooled; it gains density and falls towards the earth and the cell repeats the cycle.
Convection cells can form in any fluid, including the Earth's atmosphere (where they are called Hadley cells), boiling water, soup (where the cells can be identified by the particles they transport, such as grains of rice), the ocean, or the surface of the sun. The size of convection cells is largely determined by the fluid's properties. Convection cells can even occur when the heating of a fluid is uniform.
Contents
[hide]
1 Process
2 Within the Earth's troposphere
2.1 Thunderstorms
2.2 Adiabatic processes
3 Within the Sun
4 References
5 External links
Process[edit]
A rising body of fluid typically loses heat when it encounters a cold surface, when it exchanges heat with colder liquid through direct exchange, or in the example of the Earth's atmosphere, when it radiates heat. At some point the fluid becomes denser than the fluid beneath it, which is still rising. Since it cannot descend through the rising fluid, it moves to one side. At some distance, its downward force overcomes the rising force beneath it, and the fluid begins to descend. As it descends, it warms again through surface contact or conductivity and the cycle repeats. Air warms, becomes less dense, rises. Then air cools, becomes more dense, sinks. Then cool air at the bottom.
Within the Earth's troposphere[edit]
Thunderstorms[edit]
Stages of a thunderstorm's life.
See also: Cloud and Thunderstorm
Warm air has a lower density than cool air, so warm air rises within cooler air,[2] similar to hot air balloons.[3] Clouds form as relatively warmer air carrying moisture rises within cooler air. As the moist air rises, it cools, causing some of the water vapor in the rising packet of air to condense.[4] When the moisture condenses, it releases energy known as the latent heat of fusion, which allows the rising packet of air to cool less than its surrounding air,[5] continuing the cloud's ascension. If enough instability is present in the atmosphere, this process will continue long enough for cumulonimbus clouds to form, which support lightning and thunder. Generally, thunderstorms require three conditions to form: moisture, an unstable air mass, and a lifting force (heat).
All thunderstorms, regardless of type, go through three stages: a 'developing stage', a 'mature stage', and a 'dissipating stage'.[6] The average thunderstorm has a 24 km (15 mi) diameter.[7] Depending on the conditions present in the atmosphere, these three stages take an average of 30 minutes to go through.[8]
Adiabatic processes[edit]
Heating caused by the compression of descending air is responsible for such winter phenomena as the chinook (as it is known in western North America) or the Föhn (in the Alps).
Within the Sun[edit]
Convection cells on the Sun, with North America superimposed
The Sun's photosphere is composed of convection cells called granules, which are rising columns of superheated (5,800 °C) plasma averaging about 1,000 kilometres in diameter. The plasma cools as it rises and descends in the narrow spaces between the granules.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Yu. A.Gaponenko and V. E. Zakhvataev,Nonboussinesq Thermal Convection in Microgravity under Nonuniform Heating
Jump up ^ Albert Irvin Frye (1913). Civil engineers' pocket book: a reference-book for engineers, contractors. D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 462. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
Jump up ^ Yikne Deng (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Chinese International Press. pp. 112–13. ISBN 978-7-5085-0837-5. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
Jump up ^ FMI (2007). "Fog And Stratus – Meteorological Physical Background". Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
Jump up ^ Chris C. Mooney (2007). Storm world: hurricanes, politics, and the battle over global warming. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-15-101287-9. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
Jump up ^ Michael H. Mogil (2007). Extreme Weather. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publisher. pp. 210–211. ISBN 978-1-57912-743-5.
Jump up ^ Peter Folger (10 April 2011). Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in the United States. DIANE Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-4379-8754-6.
Jump up ^ National Severe Storms Laboratory (2006-10-15). "A Severe Weather Primer: Questions and Answers about Thunderstorms". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
External links[edit]
Mountainnature.com — Chinook
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convection_cell&oldid=773814711"
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