text:
Avilés
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Avilés (disambiguation).
Avilés
City and Municipality
Camposagrado Palace

Flag
Coat of arms
Avilés
Location in Spain
Coordinates: 43°33′22″N 5°54′30″W / 43.55611°N 5.90833°W / 43.55611; -5.90833Coordinates: 43°33′22″N 5°54′30″W / 43.55611°N 5.90833°W / 43.55611; -5.90833
Country
Spain
Autonomous community
Asturias
Province
Asturias
Comarca
Avilés
Capital
Avilés
Government
• Mayor
Mariví Monteserín (PSOE)
Area
• Total
26.81 km2 (10.35 sq mi)
Elevation
139 m (456 ft)
Population (2008)
• Total
80,880 (2,015)
Demonym(s)
avilesino
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code
33401 to 33403
Official language(s)
Spanish
Website
Official website
Avilés (Spanish pronunciation: [aβiˈles]) is a city in Asturias, Spain. Avilés is with Oviedo and Gijón, one of the main towns in the Principality of Asturias.
The town occupies the flattest land in the municipality, in a land that belonged to the sea, surrounded by small promontories, all of them having an altitude of less than 140 metres. Situated in the Avilés estuary, in the Northern Central area of the Asturian coast, west of Peñas Cape, it has a national seaport and is an industrial city. It is close to popular beaches such as Salinas. It also has important churches like St. Thomas of Canterbury. Avilés has the Centro Cultural Oscar Niemeyer, too.
Contents
[hide]
1 Climate
2 History
3 Culture
3.1 Architecture
3.2 Museums and arts centres
3.3 Sculptures
3.4 Feasts and traditions
3.5 Festivals
4 Parishes
5 Notable people
6 Sister cities
7 References
7.1 Bibliography
8 External links
Climate[edit]
The area experiences an oceanic climate,[1] warm summers with both overcast and sunny days. In winter the weather is moderate, with significant rains and wind, although sometimes the cold climate of Asturias results in snowfall at sea level. The temperature is rarely below zero or over 30 °C (86 °F). Summer highs are exceptionally low by Spanish standards due its heavy maritime features and northerly position in the country.
[hide]Climate data for Avilés
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
23.5
(74.3) 24.3
(75.7) 26.7
(80.1) 28.6
(83.5) 33.6
(92.5) 36.0
(96.8) 33.0
(91.4) 31.6
(88.9) 36.0
(96.8) 31.0
(87.8) 25.6
(78.1) 25.6
(78.1) 36
(96.8)
Average high °C (°F)
12.9
(55.2) 13.1
(55.6) 14.6
(58.3) 15.1
(59.2) 17.3
(63.1) 19.6
(67.3) 21.5
(70.7) 22.2
(72) 21.2
(70.2) 18.7
(65.7) 15.3
(59.5) 13.3
(55.9) 17.1
(62.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)
9.4
(48.9) 9.4
(48.9) 10.7
(51.3) 11.3
(52.3) 13.6
(56.5) 16.2
(61.2) 18.2
(64.8) 18.8
(65.8) 17.4
(63.3) 15.1
(59.2) 11.8
(53.2) 9.9
(49.8) 13.5
(56.3)
Average low °C (°F)
5.9
(42.6) 5.7
(42.3) 6.8
(44.2) 7.5
(45.5) 10.0
(50) 12.8
(55) 14.8
(58.6) 15.3
(59.5) 13.7
(56.7) 11.3
(52.3) 8.4
(47.1) 6.5
(43.7) 9.9
(49.8)
Record low °C (°F)
−3.0
(26.6) −2.6
(27.3) −2.4
(27.7) −0.6
(30.9) 2.0
(35.6) 5.6
(42.1) 8.0
(46.4) 8.4
(47.1) 6.5
(43.7) 3.0
(37.4) −0.8
(30.6) −3.0
(26.6) −3.0
(26.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
103
(4.06) 88
(3.46) 82
(3.23) 99
(3.9) 79
(3.11) 61
(2.4) 47
(1.85) 60
(2.36) 73
(2.87) 116
(4.57) 134
(5.28) 117
(4.61) 1,062
(41.81)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
98 109 142 151 166 163 173 182 170 130 96 76 1,670
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[2]
History[edit]
St. Thomas church
Balsera Palace
Ferrera Park
Archaeological excavations have shown that the area was already settled in the upper palaeolithic era.
The existence of the town proper date is documented only in the early Middle Ages, although the name "Avilés" is thought to come from a local Roman landowner, Abilius.
The first well known document is an endowment of two churches by Asturias King Alfonso III, in 905. During the Middle Ages, it was one of the most important ports of the Biscay Bay, trading mainly with French ports, the main trade was salt. At this time, it had two nuclei: a fishermen's district, Sabugo, and the aristocratic centre, La Villa, standing each other across a small water inlet at the site of present-day Avilés' main Park. La Villa was surrounded by strong walls, which demonstrated its strategic and commercial importance. On 15 January 1479 the Catholic Monarchs granted a free market on each Monday of the year, which still takes place. The importance of the town as a naval centre is supported by the building of ships with wood harvested from nearby forests, and with the participation of local sailors in the conquest of Seville by the Castilian army, which is reflected in Avilés's coat of arms.
It is the birthplace of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, a soldier on the army of Felipe II, who explored Florida in the 16th century and founded in 1565 the first successful (continuously populated) European town in what is now the United States, San Augustín (now St. Augustine, Florida). St. Augustine and Avilés are now sister cities. Avilés is also the birthplace of Juan Carreño Miranda, court painter to the king Charles II.
Los Franciscanos church.
Maqua Palace.
Traditional Asturian dancers, in the annual 'Interceltic Festival of Avilés'
Port of Avilés.
The estuary, which had been closed to navigation since the early modern era, was partially drained and cleared in the 19th century. The water inlet dividing the place was covered, so that the two nuclei, Sabugo and La Villa, could be joined together. Then the city began to grow outside the medieval wall, which had been demolished in 1818. In the 20th century, there was an enormous growth in population due to the arrival of several large factories to the town. In 1953 were started the first earthworks for the construction of the factory of ENSIDESA, a large steel mill, currently Aceralia (part of ArcelorMittal); other companies in the area are Cristalería Española, which together with ENDASA, currently Alcoa, transformed Avilés into one of Spain's industrial centres. Nowadays, the city is trying to focus on new industries, particularly cultural tourism, and recover its antique flavour.
Culture[edit]
Architecture[edit]
Sights include:
St. Thomas of Canterbury church (dating from the 13th century)
Church of Saint Nicholas of Bari (12th-13th century), in Romanesque style
Palacio de Valdecarzana, the sole example of civil medieval architecture in the town
Palacio de Llano Ponte (1700–1706)
Baroque Palacio de Camposagrado, fortified in its north façade against the English pirates
Capilla de los Alas, a 14th-century funerary monument in Romanesque-Gothic transition style
Old church of Sabugo (13th century)
Palacio de Balsera, in Modernist style
Palacio Valdés Theatre, in Neobaroque style.
Avilés estuary and Ruta del acero
French garden in Ferrera Park
Museums and arts centres[edit]
Museum of Avilés Urban History
Black Pottery Museum
Alfercam Museum, where visitors can find a combination of world musical instrumentas and vintage cars.
"Casa de Cultura", including the Bances Candamo public library, art gallery, reading and study areas.
CMAE - Centro municipal de arte y exposiciones - arts and exhibicion centre in El Arbolón area, not far from the town centre.
Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre,designed by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. It is a magnet for different personalities, including winners of the Prince of Asturias Awards, the Nobel prize, musicians, actors, the United Nations, etc.
Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre on one of the sides of the Avilés estuary
.
Sculptures[edit]
Throughout the town there are sculptures in various styles: the set of sculptures in El Muelle park,[3] specially the Pedro Menendez sculpture and La foca (the seal); the Ruta del acero set of sculptures along the Avilés estuary; Avilés sculpture, and different ones such as: Marta y María, El hombre que escucha la piedra (the man who listens to the stone), El eslabón, Entre bambalines,[4] etc.
Feasts and traditions[edit]
Some of the most famous are:
In autumn:
Feast of the Amagüestu (Autumn).
In winter:
The Antroxu (Carnival in Asturian language) which includes the Descenso Fluvial de Galiana (Galiana's River Descent) (winter).
In spring:
Feast of the Bollo (the bollo is a traditional cake).[5]
Comida en la Calle (Lunch out in the street).
In summer:
Feast of Saint Augustine, Avilés' patron saint.
The Interceltic Festival of Avilés, which takes place in summer, with people coming from Brittany, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Galicia and Asturias itself.
´´La Mar de Ruido Festival´´ The Noise of sea Festival Rock
Festivals[edit]
Interceltic Festival of Avilés, which takes place in summer, with people coming from Brittany, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Galicia and Asturias itself.
Avilés International Cinema and Architecture Festival[6]
Beer Festival
Aviles Acción international short-film festival[7]
Sol Celta [8] organized from Sol Street.
IndieGo Alley Festival,[9] International Creative Commons film and music festival (live music, videoclips, experimental cinema and short-films) organized in Palacio Valdés street. It takes place during just one evening.
Parishes[edit]
Avilés
Corros
Entreviñas
Laviana
Miranda
Navarro
Notable people[edit]
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, admiral and founder of the oldest city in the U.S., St. Augustine
Juan Carreño de Miranda, painter
Horacio Álvarez Mesa, journalist and politician
Yago Lamela, athlete
David Álvarez Aguirre, footballer (naturalized Equatoguinean)
Sister cities[edit]
St. Augustine, Florida, USA
Saint-Nazaire, France
Laayoune, Morocco
Cárdenas, Cuba
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Aviles, Spain Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Asturias Aeropuerto". Aemet.es. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Conjunto Escultórico del Parque del Muelle, in Spanish Archived August 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ El Revistín: Sculptures in Avilés, in Spanish Archived September 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Fiestas del Bollo (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ El Festival de Cine y Arquitectura es una cita que busca «romper todos los esquemas»
Jump up ^ Avilés Acción
Jump up ^ Sol Celta
Jump up ^ IndieGo Alley Festival
Bibliography[edit]
Paseo ilustrado por el casco histórico de Avilés, Concejalía de Turismo, Ayuntamiento de Avilés, del Río, Alberto
Avilés, Ediciones: Mases, Ovies Ruiz, José Ramón
Asturias a través de sus concejos, Ediciones: Prensa Asturiana S.A.
Heráldica Institucional y Vexilología del Principado de Asturias, Ediciones: Principado de Asturias, Panizo Gómez, Eduardo
Avilés, una historia de mil años, Ediciones Azuzel, Juan Carlos de la Madrid
Avilés, su fe y sus obras, author's edition, Ángel Garralda García
Gran Enciclopedia Asturiana, Silverio Cañada, Several authors
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Avilés.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aviles.
"Avilés". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 65.
Municipality of Avilés
Avifoto - pictures of the city(requires flash)
Avilés Hall Webcam
Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre
[show]
v
t
e
Parishes in Avilés, Asturias, Spain
Avilés
Corros
Entreviñas
Laviana
Miranda
Navarro
[show]
v
t
e
Municipalities in Asturias
Allande
Aller
Amieva
Avilés
Belmonte de Miranda
Bimenes
Boal
Cabrales
Cabranes
Candamo
Cangas de Onís
Cangas del Narcea
Caravia
Carreño
Caso
Castrillón
Castropol
Coaña
Colunga
Corvera de Asturias
Cudillero
Degaña
El Franco
Gijón/Xixón
Gozón
Grado
Grandas de Salime
Ibias
Illano
Illas
Llangréu/Langreo
Laviana
Lena
Llanera
Llanes
Mieres
Morcín
Muros de Nalón
Nava
Navia
Noreña
Onís
Oviedo
Parres
Peñamellera Alta
Peñamellera Baja
Pesoz
Piloña
Ponga
Pravia
Proaza
Quirós
Las Regueras
Ribadedeva
Ribadesella
La Ribera/Ribera de Arriba
Riosa
Salas
San Martín de Oscos
San Martín del Rey Aurelio
San Tirso de Abres
Santa Eulalia de Oscos
Santo Adriano
Sariego
Siero
Sobrescobio
Somiedo
Soto del Barco
Tapia de Casariego
Taramundi
Teverga
Tineo
Valdés
Vegadeo
Villanueva de Oscos
Villaviciosa
Villayón
Yernes y Tameza
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avilés&oldid=803933138"
Categories:
Avilés
Municipalities in Asturias
Port cities and towns on the Spanish Atlantic coast
Parishes in Avilés
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Coordinates on Wikidata
Pages using weather box with unknown parameters
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikivoyage
Languages
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Bân-lâm-gú
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Kapampangan
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Shqip
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 October 2017, at 16:12.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Avilés (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: span

attrs: colspan style

value: td

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_Avil%C3%A9s.png
image
Flag of Avilés

values:
/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Avil%C3%A9s.svg
image
Coat of arms of Avilés

values:
/wiki/File:Spain_location_map.svg
image
Avilés is located in Spain

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/Asturias_(province)
mw-redirect
Asturias (province)

values:
/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s_(Asturian_comarca)
mw-redirect
Avilés (Asturian comarca)

values:
/wiki/Capital_(political)
mw-redirect
Capital (political)

values:
nofollow
http://www.aviles.es/
external text

values: Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

values:
/wiki/Principality_of_Asturias
mw-redirect
Principality of Asturias

values: background: #FF2500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFC082; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #7878FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: background: #C0C024; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium

values: width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;

values:
/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic
mw-redirect
Upper Palaeolithic

values:
/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Le%C3%B3n
mw-redirect
Alfonso III of León

values:
/wiki/Juan_Carre%C3%B1o_Miranda
mw-redirect
Juan Carreño Miranda

values:
/wiki/Thomas_of_Canterbury
mw-redirect
Thomas of Canterbury

values:
/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_of_Bari
mw-redirect
Saint Nicholas of Bari

values: Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre

values:
/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Awards
mw-redirect
Prince of Asturias Awards

values:
/wiki/Nobel_prize
mw-redirect
Nobel prize

values:
/wiki/Saint_Augustine
mw-redirect
Saint Augustine

values: Noise of sea Festival Rock (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/David_%C3%81lvarez_Aguirre
mw-redirect
David Álvarez Aguirre

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.avilesaccion.com

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.facebook.com/IndieGoAlley

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values:
nofollow
http://www.ayto-aviles.es/
external text

values:
/wiki/File:Flag_of_Asturias.svg
image
Flag of Asturias

values:
navbox-image
1
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton2
#
color: rgb(247, 212, 23);

values: background:#0066FF;border:1px solid #F7D417;color:#F7D417;;background-color: #0066FF; color: #F7D417;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template talk:Municipalities in Asturias

values: Category:Port cities and towns on the Spanish Atlantic coast

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Pages using weather box with unknown parameters

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: أفيليس – Arabic

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Αβιλές – Greek

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avileso
Avileso – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values: אבילס – Hebrew

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avilesa
Avilesa – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avilesas
Avilesas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values: Авилес – Russian

values: Авилес – Serbian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Avilés rootpage-Avilés vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Economy of the United Arab Emirates
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Economy of the United Arab Emirates
Dubai, the financial center of the United Arab Emirates
Currency
United Arab Emirates dirham
Trade organisations
OPEC and WTO
Statistics
GDP
$407.52 billion (nominal; 2017)[1]
GDP growth
3.8% (2015), 3.0% (2016),
2.0% (2017e), 2.5% (2018f) [2]
GDP per capita
$40,162 (nominal; 2017)[1]
GDP by sector
Agriculture: 0.7%; Industry: 44.6%; Services: 54.7% (2016 est.)
Inflation (CPI)
1.4% (2012 est.)[3]
Population below poverty line
0% (2014 est.)[4]
Labour force
5.242 million (2016 est.)
Labour force by occupation
Agriculture (7%), industry (15%), services (78%) (2000 est.)
Unemployment
3.6% (2014 est.)[5]
Main industries
Petroleum
petrochemicals
fishing
aluminum
cement
fertilizer
ship repair
construction
materials
handicrafts
textiles
Ease-of-doing-business rank
21st (2018)[6]
External
Exports
$316 billion (2016 est.)[7]
Export goods
Crude oil, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
Main export partners
Iran 14.5%
Japan 9.8%
India 9.2%
China 4.7%
Oman 4.3% (2015)[8]
Imports
$246.9 billion (2016 est.)[7]
Import goods
Machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Main import partners
China 15.5%
India 12.7%
United States 9.6%
Germany 6.8%
United Kingdom 4.3% (2015)[9]
Gross external debt
$220.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Public finances
Public debt
60.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Revenues
$98.15 billion
Expenses
$112.6 billion[citation needed]
Credit rating
Standard & Poor's: AA[10]
Outlook: Stable
Moody's: Aa2
Outlook: Stable
Fitch: AA
Outlook: Stable
Main data source: CIA World Fact Book
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.
The economy of the United Arab Emirates is the second largest in the Arab world (after Saudi Arabia), with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $403.2 billion (AED 1.46 trillion) in 2014. The Emirates have been successfully diversifying its economy.[11]
Although the UAE has the most diversified economy in the GCC, its economy remains extremely reliant on petroleum (oil). With the exception of Dubai, most of the UAE is dependent on oil revenues. Petroleum and natural gas continue to play a central role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi. More than 85% of the UAE's economy was based on the oil exports in 2009.[12][13] While Abu Dhabi and other UAE emirates have remained relatively conservative in their approach to diversification, Dubai, which has far smaller oil reserves, was bolder in its diversification policy.[14] In 2011, oil exports accounted for 77% of the UAE's state budget.[15]
Tourism is one of the bigger non-oil sources of revenue in the UAE, with some of the world's most luxurious hotels being based in the UAE. A massive construction boom, an expanding manufacturing base, and a thriving services sector are helping the UAE diversify its economy. Nationwide, there is currently $350 billion worth of active construction projects.[16]
The UAE is a member of the World Trade Organization and OPEC.
Contents
1 Historical background
2 Overview
3 Data
4 External trade
5 Diversification
6 Foreign trade
7 Human Resources and Employment
8 Investment
8.1 Outward investment
8.2 Inward investment
9 Corporate Governance Code
10 Real estate
10.1 Real-estate projects
11 Financial centers
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Historical background[edit]
Prior to independence from the UK and unification in 1971, each emirate was responsible for its own economy. At the time, pearl diving, seafaring and fishing were together the mainstay of the economy, until the development of Japanese cultured pearls and the discovery of commercial quantities of oil.[17] Previous UAE President Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan is credited with bringing the country forward into the 20th century and using the revenue from oil exports to fund all the necessary development. Likewise, former UAE vice-president Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum had a bold vision for the Emirate of Dubai and foresaw the future in not petroleum alone, but also other industries.[18]
In the 1980s Dubai's diversification centred around trade and the creation of shipping and logistics centres, notably Port Rashid and the port and Free Zone of Jebel Ali as well as Dubai International Airport,[19] leading to a number of major global plays in shipping, transportation and logistics (DP World, Emirates, DNATA). The emergence of Dubai's lively real estate market was briefly checked by the global financial crisis of 2007-8, when Dubai was bailed out by Abu Dhabi.[20] The recovery from the overheated market led to tighter regulation and oversight and a more realistic market for real estate throughout the UAE with many 'on hold' projects restarting. Although the market continues to expand, current market conditions for developers have been characterised as 'tough'.[21]
Overview[edit]
UAE has the second-largest economy in the Arab world (after Saudi Arabia),[22] with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $377 billion (AED1.38 trillion) in 2012.[7] A third of the GDP is from oil revenues.[22] The economy was expected to grow 4–4.5% in 2013, compared to 2.3–3.5% over the previous five years. Since independence in 1971, UAE's economy has grown by nearly 231 times to AED1.45 trillion in 2013. The non-oil trade has grown to AED1.2 trillion, a growth of around 28 times from 1981 to 2012.[22]
The UAE's economy is one of the most open worldwide, and its history of economic history goes back to the times when ships sailed to India, along the Swahili coast, as far south as Mozambique.[23]
Current UAE’s GDP is $386.4 Billion while the individual share is almost 70 thousand dollars.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) expected UAE’s economic growth to increase to 4.5% in 2015, compared to 4.3% in 2014. The IMF ascribed UAE’s potentially strong economic growth in World Economic Outlook Report to the increased contribution of non-petroleum sectors, which registered a growth average of more than 6% in 2014 and 2015. Such contribution includes banking, tourism, commerce and real estate. Increase of Emirati purchasing power and governmental expenditures in infrastructure projects have considerably increased.
Internationally, UAE is ranked among the top 20 for global service business, according to AT Kearney, the top 30 on the WEF “most-networked countries” and in the top quarter as a least corrupt country per the TI's corruption index.[24]
Data[edit]
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017. Inflation below 2 % is in green.[25]
Year
GDP
(in Bil. US$PPP)
GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP)
GDP growth
(real)
Inflation rate
(in Percent)
Government debt
(in % of GDP)
1980 75.1 74,759 −1.8 % 10.1 % n/a
1981 89.2 81,075 8.0 % 7.9 % n/a
1982 87.9 75,134 −7.2 % 7.0 % n/a
1983 86.6 71,554 −5.3 % 1.3 % n/a
1984 93.6 71,482 4.5 % 2.4 % n/a
1985 94.2 68,263 −3.5 % 3.5 % n/a
1986 77.6 53,878 −19.3 % 5.4 % n/a
1987 83.8 55,856 5.3 % 5.5 % n/a
1988 84.4 47,175 −2.6 % 5.0 % n/a
1989 101.5 54,585 15.7 % 2.8 % n/a
1990 130.1 70,548 23.6 % 0.6 % n/a
1991 137.3 71,231 2.1 % 3.4 % n/a
1992 144.8 71,991 3.1 % 6.4 % n/a
1993 148.2 71,136 0.0 % 5.3 % n/a
1994 162.5 72,858 7.4 % 5.7 % n/a
1995 176.8 73,320 6.6 % 4.3 % n/a
1996 189.6 77,615 5.3 % 3.0 % n/a
1997 209.4 81,145 8.6 % 3.0 % n/a
1998 213.3 75,265 0.8 % 2.0 % n/a
1999 224.7 74,081 3.8 % 2.2 % 4.8 %
2000 258.1 86,187 12.3 % 1.3 % 3.0 %
2001 267.3 84,408 1.3 % 2.8 % 2.7 %
2002 278.2 83,054 2.5 % 2.9 % 3.6 %
2003 308.7 86,933 8.8 % 3.1 % 4.4 %
2004 347.6 92,413 9.6 % 5.0 % 5.6 %
2005 376.2 91,623 4.9 % 6.2 % 6.6 %
2006 425.9 84,967 9.8 % 9.3 % 6.8 %
2007 451.3 72,576 3.2 % 11.1 % 7.9 %
2008 475.0 58,833 3.2 % 12.3 % 12.5 %
2009 453.6 55,315 −5.2 % 1.6 % 24.1 %
2010 466.6 56,457 1.6 % 0.9 % 21.9 %
2011 506.5 59,502 6.4 % 0.9 % 17.5 %
2012 542.2 61,837 5.1 % 0.7 % 17.0 %
2013 582.8 64,537 5.8 % 1.1 % 15.7 %
2014 612.8 65,877 3.3 % 2.3 % 15.5 %
2015 643.1 67,127 3.8 % 4.1 % 18.7 %
2016 671.1 68,092 3.0 % 1.6 % 20.7 %
2017 686.8 67,741 0.5 % 2.0 % 19.5 %
External trade[edit]
Emirati exports in 2006
With imports totaling $273.5 billion in 2012, UAE passed Saudi Arabia as the largest consumer market in the region. Exports totaled $314 billion, which makes UAE the second largest exporter in the region.[22]
UAE and India are each other's main trading partners, with the latter having many of its citizens working and living in the former. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion).[26]
The top five of the Main Partner Countries of the UAE in 2014 are Iran (3.0%), India (2.9%), Saudi Arabia (1.5%), Oman (1.4%) and Switzerland (1.2%). As for the top five of UAE suppliers are China (7.4%), United States (6.4%), India (5.8%), Germany (3.9%) and Japan (3.5%).
Diversification[edit]
Graphical depiction of UAE's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories
Although UAE has the most diversified economy in the GCC, the UAE's economy remains extremely reliant on oil. With the exception of Dubai, most of the UAE is dependent on oil revenues. Petroleum and natural gas continue to play a central role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi. More than 85% of the UAE's economy was based on the oil exports in 2009.[12][13] While Abu Dhabi and other UAE emirates have remained relatively conservative in their approach to diversification, Dubai, which has far smaller oil reserves, was bolder in its diversification policy.[14] In 2011, oil exports accounted for 77% of the UAE's state budget.[15]
Dubai suffered from a significant economic crisis in 2007-2010 and was bailed out by Abu Dhabi's oil wealth. Dubai's current prosperity has been attributed to Abu Dhabi's petrodollars.[27] In 2014, Dubai owed a total of $142 billion in debt.[28] The UAE government has worked towards reducing the economy's dependence on oil exports by 2030.[29] Various projects are underway to help achieve this, the most recent being the Khalifa Port, opened in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi at the end of 2012. The UAE has also won the right to host the World Expo 2020, which is believed to have a positive effect on future growth, although there are some skeptics which mention the opposite.[30]
Over the decades, the Emirate of Dubai has started to look for additional sources of revenue. High-class tourism and international finance continue to be developed. In line with this initiative, the Dubai International Financial Centre was announced, offering 55.5% foreign ownership, no withholding tax, freehold land and office space and a tailor-made financial regulatory system with laws taken from best practice in other leading financial centres like New York, London, Zürich and Singapore. A new stock market for regional companies and other initiatives were announced in DIFC. Dubai has also developed Internet and Media free zones, offering 100% foreign ownership, no tax office space for the world's leading ICT and media companies, with the latest communications infrastructure to service them. Many of the world's leading companies have now set up branch offices, and even changed headquarters to, there. Recent liberalisation in the property market allowing non citizens to buy freehold land has resulted in a major boom in the construction and real estate sectors, with several signature developments such as the 2 Palm Islands, the World (archipelago), Dubai Marina, Jumeirah Lake Towers, and a number of other developments, offering villas and high rise apartments and office space. Emirates (part of the Emirates Group) was formed by the Dubai Government in the 1980s and is presently one of the few airlines to witness strong levels of growth. Emirates is also the largest operator of the Airbus A380 aircraft. As of 2001[update], budgeted government revenues were about AED 29.7 billion, and expenditures were about AED 22.9 billion.In addition, to finding new ways of sustaining the national economy, the UAE has also made progress in installing new, sustainable methods of generating electricity. This is evidenced by various solar energy initiatives at Masdar City and by other renewable energy developments in parts of the country.[31][32]
In addition, the UAE is starting to see the emergence of local manufacturing as new source of economic development, examples of significant government-led investments such as Strata in aerospace industry, under Mubadala are successful, while there are also small scale entrepreneurial ventures picking up, such as Zarooq Motors in the automotive industry.[33]
Foreign trade[edit]
With reference to foreign trade, UAE's market is one of the world's most dynamic markets worldwide, placed among the 16 largest exporters and 20 largest importers of commodities.[34] The top five of the Main Partner Countries of the UAE in 2014 are Iran (3.0%), India (2.9%), Saudi Arabia (1.5%), Oman (1.4%) and Switzerland (1.2%). As for the top five of UAE suppliers are China (7.4%), United States (6.4%), India (5.8%), Germany (3.9%) and Japan (3.5%).
UAE's Foreign Trade Indicators[35]
Indicator
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Imports of Goods (million USD) 165,000 203,000 226,000 251,000 262,000
Exports of Goods (million USD) 214,000 302,000 349,000 379,000 360,000
Imports of Services (million USD) 41,337 55,702 62,301 66,413 70,279
Exports of Services (million USD) 11,028 12,063 15,276 17,345 19,769
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 2.1 18.8 5.2 6.5 6.1
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 2.5 20.7 17.0 4.5 8.2
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 72.2 72.3 75.3 76.8 77.9
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 78.8 90.3 100.6 101.3 98.0
In 2014, the United Arab Emirates managed to export 380.4bn dominated by four products which are Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous... (19.8%) Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted... (3.4%) Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought... (3.2%) Articles of jewellery and parts thereof, of...(2.8%). In the same year, the United Arab Emirates imported 298.6 bn dominated by five countries which are China (7.4%), United States (6.4%), India (5.8%), Germany (3.9%), Japan (3.5%).
On one hand, the United Arab Emirates managed in 2013 to export 17 bn USD services exported in 2013 dominated by travel (67.13%), transportation (28.13%), Government services (4.74%). On the other hand, it imported 63.9 bn USD of services imported services dominated by transportation (70.68%), travel (27.70%) and government services (1.62%).
Human Resources and Employment[edit]
Construction workers from Asia on top floor of the Angsana Hotel & Suites
Emiratisation is an initiative by the government of the UAE to employ more UAE Nationals in a meaningful and efficient manner in the public and private sectors.[36][37] While the program has been in place for more than a decade and results can be seen in the public sector, the private sector is still lagging behind with citizens only representing 0.34% of the private sector workforce.[38]
While there is general agreement over the importance of Emiratisation for social, economic and political reasons, there is also some contention as to the impact of localization on organizational efficiency. It is yet unknown whether, and the extent to which, employment of nationals generates returns for MNEs operating in the Middle East. Recent research cautions that localization is not always advantageous for firms operating in the region, and its effectiveness depends on a number of contingent factors.[39][40]
In December 2009 however, a positive impact of UAE citizens in the workplace was identified in a newspaper article citing a yet unpublished study,[41] this advantage being the use of networks within the evolving power structures.
Overall, however, uptake in the private sector remains low regardless of significant investments in education, which have reached record levels with education now accounting for 22.5% – or $2.6 billion – of the overall budget planned for 2010.[42] Multiple governmental initiatives are actively promoting Emiratisation by training anyone from highschool dropouts to graduates in a multitude of skills needed for the - essentially Western - work environment of the UAE, these initiatives include Tawteen UAE,[43] ENDP[44] or the Abu Dhabi Tawteen Council.[45]
There are very few anti-discrimination laws in relation to labour issues, with Emiratis – and other GCC nationals – being given preference when it comes to employment.[46] Unions are generally banned and workers with any labour issues are advised to be in touch with the Ministry of Labour, instead of protesting or refusing to work. Migrant employees often complain of poor workplace safety and wages based on nationality, although this is being slowly addressed.[47]
Beyond directly sponsoring educational initiatives, the Emirates Foundation for Philanthropy[48] is funding major research initiatives into Emiratisation through competitive research grants, allowing universities such as United Arab Emirates University or Dubai School of Government to build and disseminate expertise on the topic.
Academics working on various aspects of Emiratisation include Paul Dyer[12] and Natasha Ridge from Dubai School of Government, Ingo Forstenlechner[13] from United Arab Emirates University, Kasim Randaree from the British University of Dubai and Paul Knoglinger from the FHWien.
Investment[edit]
The stock market capitalisation of listed companies in the UAE was valued at $109.9 billion in October 2012 by Bloomberg.[49]
Outward investment[edit]
A investment institutions were created by the government to promote manage investments made by the UAE abroad:
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA)
Abu Dhabi Investment Council (ADIC)
Mubadala Development Company (MDC)
International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC)
Dubai World
Dubai International Capital (DIC)[50]
Inward investment[edit]
The UAE is in the 17th position in term of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). The report says that the UAE competitiveness stems from "high quality [...] infrastructure" and "highly efficient good markets.” [51]
Corporate Governance Code[edit]
The Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) introduced a new corporate governance regulation (the Corporate Governance Code), which applies to all joint stock companies and institutions whose securities are listed on Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) in 2009.[52]
Real estate[edit]
Dubai International Financial Center
The development in the real estate and infrastructure sectors during the recent year has contributed in making the country a global touristic destination. The contribution of tourism in the Emirati GDP increased from 3% in the mid-1990s to more than 16.5% by the end of 2010. This trend is supported by the huge public investments in touristic projects (47 Billion Dollars per annum) carried mainly to expend airports, increase their capacity, set up new airports and ports.
The real estate sector have a positive impact on development, job opportunities, investments and tourism as estate projects were launched to meet the needs of market and the increasing demand for housing and commercial units especially in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The UAE has 18 tour hotels out of the 155 (150 meters high) that exist around the world. This makes the UAE the third destination with such tours after China and America in 2014. These buildings are among the UAE’s attractions for tourists.
The leap in real estate sector along and infrastructure development in the UAE during the recent year has contributed in making this country a global touristic destination par excellence. Therefore, the contribution of tourism in the Emirati GDP increased from 3% in the mid-1990s to more than 16.5% by the end of 2010. This trend is supported by the huge public investments in touristic projects (47 Billion Dollars per year) carried mainly to expend airports, increase their capacity, set up new airports and ports.
The UAE has 18 tour hotels out of the 155 (150 meters high) that exist around the world. This makes the UAE the third destination with such tours after China and America in 2014. These buildings are among the UAE’s attraction elements for tourists. Dubai has adopted dazzling ideas in construction and design of these tall tours.
The UAE has about 37% of the region’s petroleum and gas industries, chemical industries, energy and water and garbage projects. The UAE's government have been injecting huge funds in tourism and real estate projects, especially in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Al Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi and Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the tallest tower in the world, world central near “Jebel Ali” are a point in case of the milestones that have given the UAE its high profile of a global tourist destination. According to 2013-2014 Global Competitiveness Report, the UAE ranked fourth worldwide in terms of infrastructure quality.
Real-estate projects[edit]
Some of the significant real-estate projects are:
Burj Khalifa
Saadiyat Island
The World, the Palms and the Palm (artificial islands)
Dubai Miracle Garden, the world's largest natural flower garden.
Masdar City, a zero carbon, zero waste city.
Yas Island, in Abu Dhabi, featuring attractions such as Ferarri World,
Yas Marina
Falcon Island, in Ras Al Khaimah
Al Dana Island, artificial Fujairah island[53]
Financial centers[edit]
Among the most prominent financial centers in the UAE are:
Dubai International Financial Center (DIFC), a Dubai-based federal financial free zone
Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), an international financial centre located on Al Maryah Island
See also[edit]
Economy of Dubai
National Bonds Corporation PJSC
List of Free Trade Zones in UAE
Human rights in the United Arab Emirates
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "United Arab Emirates". International Monetary Fund.
Jump up ^ "World Bank forecasts for United Arab Emirates, June 2018 (p. 152)" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.marketresearch.com/Oxford-Economics-v3791/UAE-Country-Economic-Forecast-Feb-6824030/
Jump up ^ List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty#Countries
Jump up ^ "Unemployment rates in UAE are safe for now, economists say". Al-Shorfa. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ease of Doing Business in United Arab Emirates". Doingbusiness.org. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "GDP to hit $474.2b in 2018". Khaleej Times. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Export Partners of the United Arab Emirates". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Import Partners of the United Arab Emirates". CIA World Factbook. 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Diversification raises non-oil share of UAE's GDP to 71%".
^ Jump up to: a b "The World Factbook". CIA.
^ Jump up to: a b "WTO Trade Statistic 2009". Stat.wto.org.
^ Jump up to: a b "United Arab Emirates profile". BBC News. 14 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Economic diversification in the GCC countries" (PDF). p. 13.
Jump up ^ 3 Archived 2009-06-04 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "UAE History & Traditions: Pearls & pearling - UAEinteract". Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Hong Kong of the Middle East". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Cuthbert, Jon. "The 40 year history of UAE logistics: Part one - Ports | ArabianSupplyChain.com". www.arabiansupplychain.com. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
Jump up ^ "Abu Dhabi helps Dubai with bank bailout". Arabian Business. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
Jump up ^ Editor, Babu Das Augustine, Banking (2017-02-16). "Tough year ahead for UAE real estate market". GulfNews. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "UAE's economy growth momentum set to pick up". Khaleej Times. 27 December 2013. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "UAE Economy". UAE Embassy in Washington, DC. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
Jump up ^ "UAE Economy". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
Jump up ^ "UAE and India sign crucial investment protection pact". Gulf News. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Speaking of Water".
Jump up ^ "Dubai Drowning in Debt".
Jump up ^ "UAE Industry Builds Capability". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Dubai world Expo bid stirs worry of second bubble". Retrieved 3 March 2015. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Renewable energy across the MENA region : Clyde & Co (en)". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Masdar City: A Rising Star". The Ecologist. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Trio hope 'fastest snake in desert' is start of UAE car industry | The National". www.thenational.ae. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
Jump up ^ "UAE foreign trade in figures". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "WTO - Statistics - Trade and tariff indicators". Retrieved 2016-06-30.
Jump up ^ Gulf News - New emiratisation drive Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Gulf News - Call for cautious Emiratisation Archived 2009-03-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Kerr, S. and A. England (2009). UAE to safeguard jobs of nationals. Financial Times. London
Jump up ^ Mellahi, K. (2007). The effect of regulations on HRM: private sector firms in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1): 85-99.
Jump up ^ Forstenlechner, I. (2010). "Workforce localization in emerging Gulf economies: the need to fine-tune HRM." Personnel Review 39(1): 135-152.
Jump up ^ http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091203/NATIONAL/712029856/1010 Archived 2014-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.uaeinteract.com Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "UAETAW TEEN". UAETAW TEEN. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ ":: Emirates Nationals Development Programme ::". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.tawteencouncil.ae Archived 2011-06-28 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Emiratisation won't work if people don't want to learn | The National. Thenational.ae (2013-03-18). Retrieved on 2014-01-26.
Jump up ^ "Indian workers jailed in Dubai over violent protest". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Emirates Foundation". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Financial Sector". Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arab World Competitiveness Report 2013". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Resolution No. (518) of 2009 Concerning Governance Rules and Corporate Discipline Standards"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
Jump up ^ http://www.uae-embassy.org/about-uae/economy/real-estate Article entitled: Real Estate Website: http://www.uae-embassy.org/
External links[edit]
UAE Economy on the CIA World Factbook
United Arab Emirates Economic Development at Curlie
Ministry of Economy, United Arab Emirates
World Bank Summary Trade Statistics United Arab Emirates
show
v
t
e
United Arab Emirates articles
History
Prehistory
Ancient Settlements in the UAE
Umm an-Nar Culture
Advent of Islam
Portuguese control
Trucial Sheikhs
British era
Pearling industry
The beginning of the oil era
Border disputes
Sheikh Zayed and the Union
Independence
Federation of Emirates
Post-independence
Trucial States
Death of Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Geography
Border disputes
Cities
Climate
Environmental concerns
Resources and land use
Towns and villages
Politics
Elections
2006 parliamentary
Emirates
rulers
Federal National Council
Federal Supreme Council
Foreign aid
Foreign relations
Human rights
LGBT
Legal system
Military
President
Prime Minister
Economy
Central Bank
Dirham (currency)
Taxation
Tourism
attractions
hotels
resorts
Dubai
Stock exchange
Telecommunications
companies
regulation
Internet domain
Transport
airlines
airports
water-based
Society
Crime
Demographics
Education
Emiratis
Diaspora
list
Expatriates
Health
Language
Women
Culture
Architecture
Cinema
Cuisine
Literature and poetry
writers
Media
Dubai radio and TV channels
Music
Religion
Sunni Muslim
Shi'a Muslim
Sport
camel racing
Thawb (garment)
Symbols
Animal
Anthem
Bird
Coat of arms
Flag
Flower
Sport
Tree
Outline
Index
Category
Portal
show
v
t
e
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Algeria
Angola
Ecuador
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Libya
Nigeria
Qatar
Republic of the Congo
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Venezuela
List of Secretaries General
OPEC Fund for International Development
OPEC Reference Basket
show
v
t
e
World Trade Organization
System
Accession and membership
Appellate Body
Dispute Settlement Body
International Trade Centre
Chronology of key events
Issues
Criticism
Doha Development Round
Singapore issues
Quota Elimination
Peace Clause
Agreements
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Agriculture
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Technical Barriers to Trade
Trade Related Investment Measures
Trade in Services
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Government Procurement
Information Technology
Marrakech Agreement
Doha Declaration
Bali Package
Ministerial
Conferences
1st (1996)
2nd (1998)
3rd (1999)
4th (2001)
5th (2003)
6th (2005)
7th (2009)
8th (2011)
9th (2013)
10th (2015)
11th (2017)
People
Roberto Azevêdo (Director-General)
Pascal Lamy
Supachai Panitchpakdi
Alejandro Jara
Rufus Yerxa
Members
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belize
Benin
Bolivia
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Burkina Faso
Burma
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Cuba
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Fiji
Gabon
The Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong1
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Israel
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
South Korea
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Macau1
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nepal
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Qatar
Russia
Rwanda
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Swaziland
Switzerland
Tajikistan
Taiwan2
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, participates as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China".
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
show
v
t
e
Economy of Asia
Sovereign states
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Cambodia
China
Cyprus
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Egypt
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
South Korea
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
States with
limited recognition
Abkhazia
Artsakh
Northern Cyprus
Palestine
South Ossetia
Taiwan
Dependencies and
other territories
British Indian Ocean Territory
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Hong Kong
Macau
Book
Category
Asia portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates&oldid=863956929"
Categories:
World Trade Organization member economies
Economy of the United Arab Emirates
Economy of the Arab League
OPEC
Petroleum industry in the United Arab Emirates
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from December 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles with Curlie links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
Català
Español
Français
Galego
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Occitan
Português
Русский
தமிழ்
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
11 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 October 2018, at 05:22 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: caption

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Financial_center
mw-redirect
Financial center

value: tr

value: th

values:
/wiki/Ship_repair
mw-redirect
Ship repair

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Date_(fruit)
mw-redirect
Date (fruit)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Fitch_Group
mw-redirect
Fitch Group

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Pearl_diving
mw-redirect
Pearl diving

values:
/wiki/Zayed_Bin_Sultan_Al_Nahyan
mw-redirect
Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan

values:
/wiki/Rashid_Bin_Saeed_Al_Maktoum
mw-redirect
Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum

values:
/wiki/Service_business
mw-redirect
Service business

values:
/wiki/Corruption_Index
mw-redirect
Corruption Index

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.strata.ae/website/home

values:
/wiki/Mubadala_Development_Company
mw-redirect
Mubadala Development Company

values:
/wiki/Zarooq_motors
mw-redirect
Zarooq motors

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: border-top:0.018cm solid #808080;border-bottom:0.018cm solid #808080;border-left:0.018cm solid #808080;border-right:none;padding:0.026cm;

values: Edit section: Human Resources and Employment

values: Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

values:
/wiki/Dubai_School_of_Government
mw-redirect
Dubai School of Government

values:
/wiki/Market_capitalisation
mw-redirect
Market capitalisation

values: International Petroleum Investment Company

values:
/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Index
mw-redirect
Global Competitiveness Index

values:
/wiki/Goods_market
mw-redirect
Goods market

values: Securities and Commodities Authority (UAE)

values:
/wiki/Real_estate_industry
mw-redirect
Real estate industry

values: List of tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates

values:
/wiki/The_World_(Dubai)
mw-redirect
The World (Dubai)

values:
/wiki/The_Palm,_Dubai
mw-redirect
The Palm, Dubai

values:
/wiki/Ferrari_World
mw-redirect
Ferrari World

values:
/wiki/List_of_Free_Trade_Zones_in_UAE
mw-redirect
List of Free Trade Zones in UAE

values: Human rights in the United Arab Emirates

values:
/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook
mw-redirect
CIA World Factbook

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gluckman.com/DubaiBiz.html

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.uaeinteract.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.uaetawteen.com

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.endp.ae

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.tawteencouncil.ae

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.emiratesfoundation.ae

values:
nofollow
http://www.uae-embassy.org/
external free

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://economy.gov.ae

values: Template talk:United Arab Emirates topics

values:
/wiki/Umm_an-Nar_Culture
mw-redirect
Umm an-Nar Culture

values: Post-independence in the United Arab Emirates

values: Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute

values: List of cities in the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Populated places in the United Arab Emirates

values: United Arab Emirates parliamentary election, 2006

values: List of rulers of separate Emirates of the United Arab Emirates

values: Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates

values: Legal system of the United Arab Emirates

values:
/wiki/Union_Defence_Force_(UAE)
mw-redirect
Union Defence Force (UAE)

values: List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates

values: Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates

values: List of United Arab Emirates-related topics

values: Category:Resorts in the United Arab Emirates

values: Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates

values: Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (UAE)

values: List of airlines of the United Arab Emirates

values: List of airports in the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Water transport in the United Arab Emirates

values: Demographics of the United Arab Emirates

values:
/wiki/Sunni_Muslim
mw-redirect
Sunni Muslim

values:
/wiki/Shi%27a_Muslim
mw-redirect
Shi'a Muslim

values: National anthem of the United Arab Emirates

values: Coat of arms of the United Arab Emirates

values: Index of United Arab Emirates-related articles

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_United_Arab_Emirates
mw-redirect
Economy of United Arab Emirates

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: World Trade Organization accession and membership

values: Timeline of the World Trade Organization

values: Criticism of the World Trade Organization

values: Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

values: Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

values: Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures

values: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

values:
/wiki/Marrakech_Agreement
mw-redirect
Marrakech Agreement

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1996

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1998

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2001

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2003

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2009

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015

values: World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017

values: Director-General of the World Trade Organization

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_Burma
mw-redirect
Economy of Burma

values: Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire
mw-redirect
Economy of Côte d'Ivoire

values: Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_the_Solomon_Islands
mw-redirect
Economy of the Solomon Islands

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_South_Ossetia
mw-redirect
Economy of South Ossetia

values: Economy of the British Indian Ocean Territory

values:
/wiki/Economy_of_Christmas_Island
mw-redirect
Economy of Christmas Island

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
2
font-weight:bold;

values: Category:World Trade Organization member economies

values: Category:Economy of the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Petroleum industry in the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: اقتصاد الإمارات العربية المتحدة – Arabic

values: Economía de los Emiratos Árabes Xuníos – Asturian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: Birləşmiş Ərəb Əmirlikləri iqtisadiyyatı – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: Economia dels Emirats Àrabs Units – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Economía de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos – Spanish

values: Économie des Émirats arabes unis – French

values: Economía dos Emiratos Árabes Unidos – Galician

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: Gospodarstvo Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata – Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values: Economie van de Verenigde Arabische Emiraten – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: アラブ首長国連邦の経済 – Japanese

values: Economia dels Emirats Arabis Units – Occitan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values: Economia dos Emirados Árabes Unidos – Portuguese

values: Экономика Объединённых Арабских Эмиратов – Russian

values: ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகத்தின் பொருளாதாரம் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: Економіка Об'єднаних Арабських Еміратів – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: Kinh tế Các Tiểu vương quốc Ả Rập Thống nhất – Vietnamese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 阿拉伯聯合酋長國經濟 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates rootpage-Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates skin-vector action-view


text:
Cigarette machine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A cigarette vending machine in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
A cigarette machine is a vending machine that takes cash in payment for packs of cigarettes. Vending machines often dispense packs containing 16 or 18 cigarettes, although the dimensions of the packaging are the same as the equivalent pack containing 20.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Bans and restrictions
1.1 Japan
1.2 Tobacco vending machine prevalence by country
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Bans and restrictions[edit]
In order to aid the restriction of sale of tobacco to minors, cigarette machines are regulated in many countries.
Japan[edit]
Since July 2008, companies may face prosecution if found selling tobacco to anyone under the legal age, 20 years old.[1] To avoid this, Japan has introduced a government registered electronic smart card, called Taspo, that allows the user to purchase from the machines.[citation needed] To get a Taspo card, the purchaser must present their passport or ID to any government-authorized business offering the service.
As an automated way of determining age, the Fujitaka company is developing a technology that allows the vending machine to determine, using a digital camera and based on the facial wrinkles and sags of the potential buyer, whether the buyer is old enough to purchase cigarettes. The system compares facial characteristics including bone structure, sags, and crow's feet against a record of more than 100,000 people. However, if the user fails they can still use the machine with a Taspo card.[1]
Tobacco vending machine prevalence by country[edit]
German cigarette machine (with age verification)
German identity card and European driving licence reading device (Germany)
Country/Territory
Situation regarding cigarette vending machines
Australia Sales prohibited under 18. Can only be located in liquor licensed and gaming venues, must display health warnings and cannot contain images of product (only a description and price on a black and white label).
Austria Sales prohibited under 16. Machines must attempt to verify a customer's age by requiring the insertion of a debit card or mobile phone verification.
Belgium Sales prohibited under 16. Machines need to be locked/unlocked by a responsible adult.
Bulgaria None present
Croatia Banned
Cyprus Banned
Czech Republic Sales prohibited under 18. Machines situated in bars and similar places only.
Denmark Sales prohibited under 18. Machines generally situated in restaurants, bars and hotel lobbies. Age verification monitored by staff.
England Ban came into force on 1 October 2011.[2]
Estonia Banned
Finland Ban came into force on 1 January 2015.
France Banned
Georgia Banned
Germany Sales prohibited under 18. Machines must provide an age verification (usually: German identity card, European driving licence or Electronic cash-Card). Until 2007 the sale was prohibited to under 16. Since 31. December 2008 all public cigarette machines must have an age verification to prove that the buyer is 18 or over.
Greece Banned
Guernsey A ban was approved on 1 July 2010, following an amendment to the existing tobacco advertising law. The exact date of implementation has yet to be decided.
Hungary Banned in 2006
Iceland Banned
Ireland Sales prohibited under 18. Restricted to licensed premises only since 1 July 2009. Vending machines are operated by a token or card obtained from the bar once the age of the buyer has been identified.
Israel Ban came into force on 1 January 2014
Italy Sales prohibited under 18. Machines must contain an electronic device to verify age of buyer.
Latvia Banned
Lithuania Banned
Luxembourg Sales prohibited under 16. Age has to be proven at the counter or bar before a token is issued so that the machine can be used.
Malta Sales prohibited under 16.
Netherlands Sales prohibited under 18. Token issued at counter once the purchasers age has been verified.
New Zealand Sales prohibited under 18. Machines situated in bars and similar places only. From 10 December 2004, machines can only be operated by staff.
Northern Ireland Ban came into force on 1 March 2012
Norway Sales prohibited under 18. Machines are token operated.
Poland Banned
Portugal Sales prohibited under 18. Machines must contain an electronic device to verify age of buyer.
Romania Banned
Slovakia Banned
Slovenia Banned
Spain Sales prohibited under 18. Must display health warnings and require the activation of the machine by the owner or by a special token (the machines can be found on restaurants, bars, gas stations, gaming venues or kiosks). It's strictly forbidden to advertise the sale of tobacco in the facade of any of those places except for specifical tobacco stores.
Scotland Ban came into force on 29 April 2013.
Singapore Banned
Sweden Sales prohibited under 18.
Switzerland Sales from machines are age restricted in 21 out of 26 cantons (12 cantons—under 16; nine cantons—under 18; five cantons—no age restriction (although most retailers won't sell to under 16.).
United States Only in facilities where people under 18 are not allowed; ban came into force on June 22, 2010.[3][4]
Ukraine Banned
Wales Ban came into force on 1 February 2012.
See also[edit]
Action on Smoking and Health
Clark Whittington, creator of the Art-o-mat, a project to convert disused cigarette machines into art vending machines
Distroboto, a Canadian project to convert disused cigarette machines into zine vending machines
Taspo, a Japanese system for age verification at cigarette machines
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Japanese smokers to face age test". BBC News. 2008-12-06. Retrieved 2014-06-26.
Jump up ^ "Cigarette vending machines banned in England". BBC News. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-26.
Jump up ^ "Regulations Restricting the Sale and Distribution of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco to Protect Children and Adolescents" (PDF). 19 March 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-26.
Jump up ^ Block, Dustin (June 29, 2010). "Cigarette vending machines are now illegal; Federal rule went int[o] effect June 22". Racine Post. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cigarette machine.
Cigarette vending machines ash.org.uk
Bundesverband Deutscher Tabakwaren-Großhändler und Automatenaufsteller (German)
Kunstprojekt: Alle Zigarettenautomaten in Biberach/Riß (German)
[hide]
v
t
e
Cigarettes
Types
Fashion
Fire safe
Kretek
Lights
Menthol
Beedi
Components
Tobacco
Rolling paper
Filter
Additives
Peripherals
Ashtray
Case
Holder
Lighter
Pack
Receptacles
Vending machine
Culture
Cigarette card
Cigarette smoking among college students
Loosie
Smoking fetishism
Tobacco smoking
Health issues
Chain smoking
Cigarette smoking for weight loss
Nicotine poisoning
Passive smoking
Third-hand smoke
Schizophrenia and smoking
Sidestream smoke
Smoking cessation
Tobacco harm reduction
Related products
Electronic cigarette
Candy cigarette
Herbal cigarette
Heat-not-burn tobacco product
Nicotine patch
Nicotine gum
Nicotine inhaler
Nicotine lozenge
Tobacco industry
Cultivation of tobacco
Egyptian cigarette industry
History of commercial tobacco in the United States
Tobacco advertising
Government
and the law
Cigarette smuggling
Illicit cigarette trade
Plain cigarette packaging
Smoking age
Smoking bans in private vehicles
Tobacco control movement
Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
Tobacco packaging warning messages
Tobacco politics
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
Lists
Cigarette brands
Cigarette smoke carcinogens
Countries by cigarette consumption per capita
Rolling papers
Smoking bans
Category
Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cigarette_machine&oldid=808471203"
Categories:
Cigarettes
Vending machines
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from August 2010
All articles needing additional references
Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2011
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Deutsch
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 November 2017, at 01:55.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

value: b

value: i

value: small

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)

values: Edit section: Tobacco vending machine prevalence by country

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15132529

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.bdta.de/
external text

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Smoking_culture
mw-redirect
Smoking culture

values:
/wiki/Nicotine_inhaler
mw-redirect
Nicotine inhaler

values:
/wiki/Cigarette_smuggling
mw-redirect
Cigarette smuggling

values:
/wiki/Plain_cigarette_packaging
mw-redirect
Plain cigarette packaging

values:
/wiki/Tobacco_control_movement
mw-redirect
Tobacco control movement

values: List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible expanded navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Cigarettes padding:3px

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2011

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Cigarette_machine
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Cigarette_machine rootpage-Cigarette_machine vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view