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Indian cobra
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Indian cobra
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Genus: Naja
Species: N. naja
Binomial name
Naja naja
(Linnaeus, 1758)[1][2]
Indian cobra distribution
Synonyms[1][3]
Coluber naja Linnaeus, 1758
Naja brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768
Naja fasciata Laurenti, 1768
Naja lutescens Laurenti, 1768
Naja maculata Laurenti, 1768
Naja non-naja Laurenti, 1768
Coluber caecus Gmelin, 1788
Coluber rufus Gmelin, 1788
Coluber Naja Shaw & Nodder, 1791
Coluber Naja Shaw & Nodder, 1794
Naja tripudians Merrem, 1820
Naja nigra Gray, 1830
Naja tripudians forma typica Boulenger, 1896
Naja tripudians var. caeca Boulenger, 1896
Naja naja naja Smith, 1943
Naja naja gangetica Deraniyagala, 1945
Naja naja lutescens Deraniyagala, 1945
Naja naja madrasiensis Deraniyagala, 1945
Naja naja indusi Deraniyagala, 1960
Naja naja bombaya Deraniyagala, 1961
Naja naja karachiensis Deraniyagala, 1961
Naja naja ceylonicus Chatman & Di Mari, 1974
Naja naja polyocellata Mehrtens, 1987
Naja ceylonicus Osorio E Castro & Vernon, 1989
Naja (Naja) naja — Wallach, 2009
The Indian cobra (Naja naja) also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra or binocellate cobra is a species of the genus Naja found in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal) and a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in India.[4] This snake is revered in Indian mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers. It is now protected in India under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology and names
2 Taxonomy
2.1 Taxonomic note
3 Physical description
3.1 Colouration and pattern
3.2 Appearance and size
3.3 Scalation
4 Distribution and habitat
4.1 Geographic range
4.2 Habitat
5 Reproduction
6 Venom
7 Popular culture
7.1 Hinduism
7.2 Snake charming
7.3 Heraldry
8 Gallery
9 References
10 External links
Etymology and names[edit]
Naja naja was first described by Swedish physician, zoologist, and botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.[2][5] The generic name and the specific epithet naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word nāgá (नाग) meaning "cobra".[6]
The Indian cobra[7][8] or spectacled cobra,[4] being common in South Asia, is referred to by a number of local names deriving from the root of Nag (नाग) (Hindi, Oriya, Marathi), Moorkhan, മൂര്‍ഖന് (Malayalam), Naya-නයා (Sinhalese), నాగు పాము (Nagu Paamu) (Telugu),[8] ನಾಗರ ಹಾವು Nagara Haavu (Kannada),[8] Nalla pambu (நல்ல பாம்பு) (Tamil)[8] "Phetigom" (Assamese) and Gokhra (গোখরো) (Bengali).
Taxonomy[edit]
The Indian cobra is classified under the genus Naja of the family Elapidae. The genus was first described by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768.[9] The species Naja naja was first described by the Swedish physician, zoologist, and botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.[2][5] The genus Naja was split into several subgenera based on various factors, including morphology, diet, and habitat. Naja naja is part of the subgenus Naja, along with all the other species Asiatic cobras, including Naja kaouthia, Naja siamensis, Naja sputatrix, and the rest. Naja naja is considered to be the prototypical cobra species within the Naja subgenus, and within the entire Naja genus. All Asiatic species of Naja were considered conspecific with Naja naja until the 1990s, often as subspecies thereof. Many of the subspecies were later found to be artificial or composites. This causes much potential confusion when interpreting older literature. [10]
Taxonomic note[edit]
The Oriental ratsnake Ptyas mucosus is often mistaken for the cobra; however this snake is much longer and can easily be distinguished by the more prominent ridged appearance of its body. Other snakes that resemble Naja naja are the banded racer Argyrogena fasciolata and the Indian smooth snake Coronella brachyura.[4]
Physical description[edit]
Colouration and pattern[edit]
Spectacle pattern on a snake's hood.
False Eyes of the Binocellate Cobra
The Indian cobra varies tremendously in colour and pattern throughout its range. The ventral scales or the underside colouration of this species can be grey, yellow, tan, brown, reddish or black. Dorsal scales of the Indian cobra may have a hood mark or colour patterns. The most common visible pattern is a posteriorly convex light band at the level of the 20th to 25th ventrals. Salt-and-pepper speckles, especially in adult specimens, are seen on the dorsal scales. Specimens, particularly those found in Sri Lanka may exhibit poorly defined banding on the dorsum. Ontogenetic colour change is frequently observed in specimens in the north-western parts of their geographic range (southern Pakistan and north-western India). In southern Pakistan, juvenile specimens may be grey in colour and may or may not have a hood mark. Adults on the other hand are typically uniformly black in colour on top (melanistic), while the underside, outside the throat region, is usually light. Patterns on the throat and ventral scales are also variable in this species. The majority of specimens exhibit a light throat area followed by dark banding, which can be 4-7 ventral scales wide. Adult specimens also often exhibit a significant amount of mottling on the throat and on the venter, which makes patterns on this species less clear relative to patterns seen in other species of cobra. With the exception of specimens from the north-west, there is often a pair of lateral spots on the throat where the ventral and dorsal scales meet. The positioning of these spots varies, with north-western specimens having the spots positioned more anterior, while specimens from elsewhere in their range are more posterior. Many specimens exhibit a hood mark. This hood mark is located at the rear of the Indian cobra's hood. When the hood mark is present, are two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line, evoking the image of spectacles.[11]
Appearance and size[edit]
The Indian cobra is a moderately sized, heavy bodied species. This cobra species can easily be identified by its relatively large and quite impressive hood, which it expands when threatened. This species has a head which is elliptical, depressed, and very slightly distinct from neck. The snout is short and rounded with large nostrils. The eyes are medium in size and the pupils are round.[12] The majority of adult specimens range from 1 to 1.5 metres (3.3 to 4.9 ft) in length. Some specimens, particularly those from Sri Lanka, may grow to lengths of 2.1 to 2.2 metres (6.9 to 7.2 ft), but this is relatively uncommon.[11]
Indian Spectacled cobra (Naja naja)
A 6.5 ft cobra captured in a village near Patnagarh town of Odisha state of India
Scalation[edit]
Dorsal scales are smooth and strongly oblique. Midbody scales are in 23 rows (21-25), with 171-197 ventrals. There are 48-75 divided subcaudals and the anal shield is single. There are 7 upper labials (3rd the largest and in contact with nasal anteriorly, 3rd and 4th in contact with eye) and 9-10 lower labials (small angular cuneate scale present between 4th and 5th lower labial), as well as 1 preocular in contact with internasals, and 3 postoculars. Temporals are 2 + 3.[12]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Geographic range[edit]
Indian cobra in its habitat
Play media
Silent film showing an African chamaeleon and an Indian cobra by Raymond L. Ditmars (?) Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
The Indian cobra is native to the Indian subcontinent and can be found throughout India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and southern Nepal. In India, it may or may not occur in the state of Assam, some parts of Kashmir, and it does not occur in high altitudes of over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) and extreme desert regions. In Pakistan, it is absent in most of Balochistan province, parts of North-West Frontier Province, desert areas elsewhere and Northern Areas. The most westerly record comes from Duki, Balochistan in Pakistan, while the most easterly record is from the Tangail District in Bangladesh. As this species has been observed in Drosh, in the Chitral Valley, it may also occur in the Kabul River Valley in extreme eastern Afghanistan.[11] There's been at least one report of this species occurring in Bhutan.[13]
Habitat[edit]
The Indian Cobra inhabits a wide range of habitats throughout its geographical range. It can be found in dense or open forests, plains, agricultural lands (rice paddy fields, wheat crops), rocky terrain, wetlands, and it can even be found in heavily populated urban areas such as villages and city outskirts, ranging from sea-level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in altitude. This species is absent from true desert regions. The Indian cobra is often found in the vicinity of water. Preferred hiding locations are holes in embankments, tree hollows, termite mounds, rock piles and small mammal dens.[12][14]
Reproduction[edit]
Indian cobras are oviparous and lay their eggs between the months of April and July. The female snake usually lays between 10 and 30 eggs in rat holes or termite mounds and the eggs hatch 48 to 69 days later. The hatchlings measure between 20 and 30 centimetres (7.9 and 11.8 in) in length. The hatchlings are independent from birth and have fully functional venom glands.
Venom[edit]
The Indian cobra's venom mainly contains a powerful post-synaptic neurotoxin[12] and cardiotoxin.[12][15] The venom acts on the synaptic gaps of the nerves, thereby paralyzing muscles, and in severe bites leading to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. The venom components include enzymes such as hyaluronidase that cause lysis and increase the spread of the venom. Envenomation symptoms may manifest between 15 minutes and 2 hours following the bite.[16]
In mice, the SC LD50 range for this species is 0.45 mg/kg[17] – 0.75 mg/kg.[12][18] The average venom yield per bite is between 169 and 250 mg.[12] Though it is responsible for many bites, only a small percentage are fatal if proper medical treatment and anti-venom are given.[14] Mortality rate for untreated bite victims can vary from case to case, depending upon the quantity of venom delivered by the individual involved. According to one study, it is approximately 20–30%.[19] but in another study involving victims who were given prompt medical treatment, the mortality rate was only 9%.[18]
Spectacled cobra with hood lowered in a bamboo shrub.
The Indian cobra is one of the big four snakes of South Asia which are responsible for the majority of human deaths by snakebite in Asia. Polyvalent serum is available for treating snakebites caused by this species.[20] Zedoary, a local spice with a reputation for being effective against snakebite,[21] has shown promise in experiments testing its activity against cobra venom.[22]
The venom of young cobras has been used as a substance of abuse in India, with cases of snake charmers being paid for providing bites from their snakes. Though this practice is now seen as outdated, symptoms of such abuse include loss of consciousness, euphoria, and sedation.[23]
As of November 2016[update], an antivenom is currently being developed by the Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Institute, and clinical trial phase in Sri Lanka.[24]
Popular culture[edit]
Cobra in a basket, raising its head and spreading its hood.
Indian cobras as part of the heraldry of a princely state of India. Kalahandi State coat of arms.
There are numerous myths about cobras in India, including the idea that they mate with ratsnakes.[25]
Rudyard Kipling's short story "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" features a pair of Indian cobras named Nag and Nagaina, the Hindi words for male and female snake respectively.
Hinduism[edit]
The spectacled cobra is greatly respected and feared, and even has its own place in Hindu mythology as a powerful deity. The Hindu god Shiva is often depicted with a cobra called Vasuki, coiled around his neck, symbolizing his mastery over "maya" or the world-illusion. Vishnu is usually portrayed as reclining on the coiled body of Adishesha, the Preeminent Serpent, a giant snake deity with multiple cobra heads. Cobras are also worshipped during the Hindu festival of Nag Panchami or Naagula Chavithi.
Snake charming[edit]
The Indian cobra's celebrity comes from its popularity as a Nipaie of choice for snake charmers. The cobra's dramatic threat posture makes for a unique spectacle as it appears to sway to the tune of a snake charmer's flute. Snake charmers with their cobras in a wicker basket are a common sight in many parts of India only during the Nag Panchami or Naagula Chavithi festival. The cobra is deaf to the snake charmer's pipe, but follows the visual cue of the moving pipe and it can sense the ground vibrations from the snake charmer's tapping. Sometimes, for the sake of safety, all the venom in the cobra's teeth is removed. The snake-charmers sell the venom at a very high price. In the past Indian snake charmers also conducted cobra and mongoose fights. These gory fight shows, in which the snake was usually killed, are now illegal.[26]
Heraldry[edit]
Indian cobras were often a heraldic element in the official symbols of certain ancient princely states of India such as Gwalior, Kolhapur, Pal Lahara, Gondal, Khairagarh and Kalahandi, among others.[27]
Gallery[edit]
Indian cobra displaying an impressive hood.
Binocellate cobra
Indian cobra outside a home in Yelandur, Karnataka, South India
The ocellation of the spectacled cobra
Cobra regurgitating bones and hair
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Naja naja". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Naja naja". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Uetz, P. "Naja naja". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Whitaker, Romulus; Captain, Ashok (2004). Snakes of India: The Field Guide. Chennai, India: Draco Books. ISBN 81-901873-0-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin) (10th ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius.
Jump up ^ "Naja". The Free Dictionary. Princeton University. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Smith, M.A. (1943). "Serpentes". The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3. London, England: Taylor and Francis. pp. 427–436.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Daniel, J.C. (2002). The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Oxford, England: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. pp. 136–140. ISBN 0-19-566099-4.
Jump up ^ "Naja". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Wüster, W. (1996). "Taxonomic changes and toxinology: systematic revisions of the Asiatic cobras (Naja naja species complex)" (PDF). Toxicon. 34 (4): 399–406. PMID 8735239.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wüster, W. (1998). "The Cobras of the genus Naja in India" (PDF). Hamadryad. 23 (1): 15–32. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Naja naja". University of Adelaide.
Jump up ^ Mahendra, BC. (1984). Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Agra : The Academy of Zoology. p. 412.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitaker, Captain, Romulus, Ashok (2004). Snakes of India, The Field Guide. India: Draco Books. p. 354. ISBN 81-901873-0-9.
Jump up ^ Achyuthan, K. E.; Ramachandran, L. K. (1981). "Cardiotoxin of the Indian cobra (Naja naja) is a pyrophosphatase" (PDF). J. Biosci. 3 (2): 149–156. doi:10.1007/BF02702658.
Jump up ^ "IMMEDIATE FIRST AID for bites by Indian or Common Cobra(Naja naja naja)".
Jump up ^ "LD50". Séan Thomas & Eugene Griessel – Dec 1999;Australian Venom and Toxin database. University of Queensland. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown Ph.D, John H. (1973). Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, IL USA: Charles C. Thomas Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 0-398-02808-7.
Jump up ^ World Health Organization. "Zoonotic disease control: baseline epidemiological study on snake-bite treatment and management". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 62 (42): 319–320. ISSN 0049-8114.
Jump up ^ Snake-bites: a growing, global threat. BBC News (2011-02-22). Retrieved on 2013-01-03.
Jump up ^ Martz, W. (1992). "Plants with a reputation against snakebite". Toxicon. 30 (10): 1131–1142. PMID 1440620. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90429-9.
Jump up ^ Daduang; Sattayasai, N.; Sattayasai, J.; Tophrom, P.; Thammathaworn, A.; Chaveerach, A.; Konkchaiyaphum, M. (2005). "Screening of plants containing Naja naja siamensis cobra venom inhibitory activity using modified ELISA technique". Analytical Biochemistry. 341 (2): 316–325. PMID 15907878. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2005.03.037.
Jump up ^ Katshu, M. Z. U. H.; Dubey, I.; Khess, C. R. J.; Sarkhel, S. (2011). "Snake Bite as a Novel Form of Substance Abuse: Personality Profiles and Cultural Perspectives". Substance Abuse. 32 (1): 43–46. PMID 21302184. doi:10.1080/08897077.2011.540482.
Jump up ^ Rodrigo, M. (October 9, 2016) Trials to start for home-grown anti-venom. sundaytimes.lk
Jump up ^ Snake myths. wildlifesos.com
Jump up ^ Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960. indialawinfo.com
Jump up ^ Heraldry of Madhya Pradesh. hubert-herald.nl
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naja naja.
Serpents in Indian culture An article on Biodiversity of India website.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_cobra&oldid=801367077"
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text:
Red pill and blue pill
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Red pill" redirects here. For other uses, see red pill (disambiguation).
A red pill and a blue pill
Look up red piller in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The red pill and its opposite, the blue pill, are a popular cultural meme, a metaphor representing the choice between:
Knowledge, freedom, uncertainty and the brutal truths of reality (red pill)
Security, happiness, beauty, and the blissful ignorance of illusion (blue pill)
The terms, popularized in science fiction culture, are derived from the 1999 film The Matrix. In the film, the main character Neo is offered the choice between a red pill and a blue pill by rebel leader Morpheus. The red pill represented an uncertain future—it would free him from the enslaving control of the machine-generated dream world and allow him to escape into the real world, but living the "truth of reality" is harsher and more difficult. On the other hand, the blue pill represented a beautiful prison—it would lead him back to ignorance, living in confined comfort without want or fear within simulated reality of the Matrix.
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Gödel, Escher, Bach (1979)
1.2 Total Recall (1990)
1.3 The Matrix (1999)
1.4 The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013)
2 Analysis
3 Other uses
4 See also
5 References
Background[edit]
Gödel, Escher, Bach (1979)[edit]
Douglas Hofstadter's book Gödel, Escher, Bach features a pair of characters who "push-into" and "pop-out of" the two-dimensional world of Escher prints. The way they do this is to drink from a blue or a red phial.[1][2] A further reference could be taken later in the story when the pair encounter a paradox during which "The System crashed". Hofstadter cites Lewis Carroll as a strong influence on the book (the front cover of the book has a line that says that the book is "in the spirit of Lewis Carroll".) The "push-into" and "pop-out of" phials are reminiscent of the Alice in Wonderland "drink me" and "eat me" potion and cake, which cause Alice to shrink and grow. The Matrix very clearly references Alice in Wonderland with the "white rabbit" and the "down the rabbit hole" phrases, as well as referring to the Matrix as "Wonderland".
Total Recall (1990)[edit]
The science fiction film Total Recall features a red pill which is offered to Arnold Schwarzenegger's character, Douglas Quaid, by one Dr. Edgemar. He is told "it's a symbol, of your desire to return to reality."[3][4] No blue pill is present in the film, and the story centers on the uncertainty of whether Quaid is dreaming or in the real world. However, the pill is offered to him with the claim that he is dreaming, and that the pill will return him to reality, with the words "inside your dream, you'll fall asleep."[5] Quaid seriously considers the offer but notices that Dr. Edgemar is sweating, whereupon he shoots him in the forehead. The implication is that if the dream is not a dream but reality, Dr. Edgemar is part of the conspiracy against Quaid, and the pill is simply poison. He had also told Quaid that if Quaid killed him, "the walls of reality will come crashing down"; moments after his death, the walls of the hotel room literally come crashing down.[6][user-generated source?]
The Matrix (1999)[edit]
See also: Influences and interpretations of The Matrix
The Matrix, directed by The Wachowskis, makes references to historical myths and philosophy, including gnosticism, existentialism, and nihilism.[7][8] The film's premise resembles Plato's Allegory of the Cave,[9][10] Zhuangzi's "Zhuangzi dreamed he was a butterfly", René Descartes's skepticism[11][12] and evil demon, Kant's reflections on the Phenomenon versus the Ding an sich, Robert Nozick's "experience machine",[13] the concept of a simulated reality and the brain in a vat thought experiment.[14][15]
Japanese director Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell was a strong influence.[16]
In The Matrix, Neo (Keanu Reeves) hears rumors of the Matrix and a mysterious man named Morpheus. Neo spends his nights at his home computer trying to discover the secret of the Matrix and what the Matrix is. Eventually, another hacker, Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss), introduces Neo to Morpheus.
Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) explains to Neo that the Matrix is an illusory world created to prevent humans from discovering that they are slaves to an external influence. Holding out a capsule on each of his palms, he describes the choice facing Neo:
This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill—the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill—you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. Remember: all I'm offering is the truth. Nothing more.
As narrated, the blue pill will allow the subject to remain in the fabricated reality of the Matrix; the red serves as a "location device" to locate the subject's body in the real world and to prepare him or her to be "unplugged" from the Matrix. Once one chooses the red or blue pill, the choice is irrevocable.
Neo takes the red pill and awakens in the real world, where he is forcibly ejected from the liquid-filled chamber in which he has been lying unconscious. After his rescue and convalescence aboard Morpheus's ship, Morpheus shows him the true nature of the Matrix: a detailed computer simulation of Earth at the end of the 20th century (the actual year, though not known for sure, is approximately two hundred years later). It has been created to keep the minds of humans docile while their bodies are stored in massive power plants, their body heat and bioelectricity consumed as power by the sentient machines that have enslaved them.
In a 2012 interview, Lana Wachowski said:[17]
What we were trying to achieve with the story overall was a shift, the same kind of shift that happens for Neo, that Neo goes from being in this sort of cocooned and programmed world, to having to participate in the construction of meaning to his life. And we're like, "Well, can the audience go through the three movies and experience something similar to what the main character experiences?" So the first movie is sort of classical in its approach. The second movie is deconstructionist, and it assaults all of the things that you thought to be true in the first movie, and so people get very upset, and they're like "Stop attacking me!" in the same way that people get upset with deconstructionist philosophy. I mean, Derrida and Foucault, these people upset us. And then the third movie is the most ambiguous, because it asks you to actually participate in the construction of meaning...
—  Lana Wachowski, Movie City News, October 13, 2012
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013)[edit]
In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, when Ben Stiller's character lands at Nuuk in Greenland, he asks the man in the airport booth: "Do you have any cars available?" "Yeah, we have a blue one and a red one", the man replies. "I'll take the red one", says Walter.[18][19] "The choice between the red and blue car at the rental car lot is worthy of mention, if only because it almost candidly pulls the idea from the red pill of The Matrix. Two jelly bean, or pill, shaped cars [Daewoo Matiz], red and blue; the only thing missing is Lawrence Fishburne [sic] working the counter".[20] "The passage connecting reality to illusion is often visualised using tangible things and physical environments [as] Neo took the red pill in The Matrix."[21]
Analysis[edit]
An essay written by Russell Blackford discusses the red and blue pills, questioning whether if a person were fully informed they would take the red pill, opting for the real world, believing that the choice of physical reality over a digital simulation is not so beneficial as to be valid for all people. Both Neo and another character, Cypher (Joe Pantoliano), take the red pill over the blue pill, though later in the first Matrix film, the latter demonstrates regret for having made that choice, saying that if Morpheus fully informed him of the situation, Cypher would have told him to "shove the red pill right up [his] ass." When Cypher subsequently makes a deal with the machines to return to the Matrix and forget everything he had learned, he says, "Ignorance is bliss." Blackford argues that the Matrix films set things up so that even if Neo fails, the taking of the red pill is worthwhile because he lives and dies authentically. Blackford and science-fiction writer James Patrick Kelly feel that The Matrix stacks the deck against machines and their simulated world.[22]
Matrix Warrior: Being the One author Jake Horsley compared the red pill to LSD, citing a scene where Neo forms his own world outside of the Matrix. When he asks Morpheus if he could return, Morpheus responds by asking him if he would want to. Horsley also describes the blue pill as addictive, calling The Matrix series a continuous series of choices between taking the blue pill and not taking it. He adds that the habits and routines of people inside the Matrix are merely the people dosing themselves with the blue pill. While he describes the blue pill as a common thing, he states that the red pill is one of a kind, and something someone may not even find.[23]
In the book The Art of the Start, author Guy Kawasaki uses the red pill as an analogue to the situation of leaders of new organizations, in that they face the same choice to either live in reality or fantasy. He adds that if they want to be successful, they have to take the red pill and see how deep the rabbit hole goes.[24]
Other uses[edit]
The Blue Pill rootkit ("malware")—named in reference to the pill as are the Red Pill techniques used to combat it—is a special type of software that utilizes the virtualization techniques of modern central processing units (CPUs) to execute as a hypervisor; as a virtual platform on which the entire operating system runs, it is capable of examining the entire state of the machine and to cause any behavior with full privilege, while the operating system "believes" itself to be running directly on physical hardware, creating a parallel to the illusory Matrix. Blue Pill describes the concept of infecting a machine while Red Pill techniques help the operating system to detect the presence of such a hypervisor.[25] These concepts were described by Joanna Rutkowska in 2006.
In cybersecurity, a red pill is any means of detecting hooking or virtualization. It is frequently used by anti-cheat, antirootkit software, malware, and digital rights management, etc. Red pills usually make use of real-time clocks to measure the time it takes for critical operations and interactions with peripheral hardware to occur, and compare the length of them with the expected length of such operations as they occur without virtualization. If the clock is compromised, the hypervisor can hide its presence by slowing the clock down in a controlled way, to hide the extra time imposed by virtualization.
Until they were removed from the Maemo operating system application installer in January 2010, certain advanced features were unlocked by a "Red Pill Mode" Easter egg to prevent accidental use by novice users but make them readily available to experienced users. This was activated by starting to add a catalog whose URL was "matrix" and then choosing to cancel. A dialog box would appear asking "Which pill?" with the choices "Red" or "Blue", allowing the user to enter red pill mode.[26][27] In "Red Pill" mode, the installer allows the user to view and reconfigure system packages whose existence it normally does not acknowledge. In Blue Pill mode the installer displays only software installed by a user, creating the illusion that system software does not exist on the system.
The choice between taking a blue or red pill is a central metaphor in the 2011 Arte documentary film Marx Reloaded, in which philosophers including Slavoj Žižek and Nina Power explore solutions to the global economic and financial crisis of 2008–09. The film also contains an animated parody of the red/blue pill scene in The Matrix, with Leon Trotsky as Morpheus and Karl Marx as Neo.[28]
In some parts of the men's rights movement, the term "red pill" has been used as a metaphor for the specific moment when they come to the belief that certain gender roles they are expected to conform to, such as marriage and monogamy, are intended to benefit women, not themselves.[29][30] In 2016, a documentary titled The Red Pill was released, which deals with the men's rights movement.
See also[edit]
Allegory of the Cave
Denialism
Epiphany
Experience machine
False dilemma
Hyperreality
Malo periculosam libertatem quam quietum servitium
Quid est veritas
Simulated reality
The Social Construction of Reality
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Douglas Hofstadter – Little Harmonic Labyrinth". Genius. New York City. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Douglas R. Hofstadter (1999). Gödel, Escher, Bach. Anniversary Edition: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York City: Basic Books. pp. 106, 116. ISBN 978-0-465-02656-2.
Jump up ^ Parker, Ian (September 1996). "Psychology, Science Fiction and Postmodern Space". South African Journal of Psychology. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. 26 (3): 143−149. doi:10.1177/008124639602600303.
Jump up ^ "Total Recall - The Red Pill". YouTube. April 20, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Parker, Ian (1997). Psychoanalytic Culture. Psychoanalytic Discourse in Western Society. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. p. 209. ISBN 1-44623478-9. ISBN 978-1-446-23478-5.
Jump up ^ "Total Recall Spoilers". IMDb. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rothstein, Edward (May 24, 2003). "Philosophers Draw on the Film 'Matrix'". Retrieved January 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Journal of Religion & Film: Wake Up! Gnosticism and Buddhism in The Matrix by Frances Flannery-Daily and Rachel Wagner". unomaha.edu.
Jump up ^ Glenn Yeffeth (11 March 2003). Taking the Red Pill: Science, Philosophy and the Religion in the Matrix. BenBella Books. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-932100-02-0.
Jump up ^ "You Won't Know the Difference So You Can't Make the Choice". philosophynow.org.
Jump up ^ Dan O'Brien (4 December 2006). An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge. Polity. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-7456-3316-9.
Jump up ^ "Skepticism". stanford.edu.
Jump up ^ Christopher Grau (2005). Philosophers Explore The Matrix. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-0-19-518107-4.
Jump up ^ "The Brain in a Vat Argument". utm.edu.
Jump up ^ Hazlett, Allan (January 15, 2006). "Philosophers Explore The Matrix". ndpr.nd.edu. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Matrix Virtual Theatre (interview with the Wachowskis)". Warner Brothers Studios, Official Website. 1999-11-06. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
Jump up ^ Poland, David (October 13, 2012). "DP/30: Cloud Atlas, Screenwriter/Directors Lana Wachowski, Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski". moviecitynews.com. 18:49. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "CNN.com - Transcripts". CNN. July 31, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ This scene is also present in the official trailer: "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty: watch the trailer for Ben Stiller's new film - video exclusive". The Guardian. July 30, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gravano, Adam (September 17, 2017). "A Look Back at Walter Mitty". Highbrow Magazine. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Buckmaster, Luke (December 23, 2013). "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty movie review". dailyreview.com.au. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kapell, Matthew; Doty, William G (2004-05-28). Jacking in to the Matrix franchise: cultural reception and interpretation. ISBN 978-0-8264-1588-2.
Jump up ^ Horsley, Jake (2003-11-08). Matrix Warrior: Being the One. ISBN 978-0-312-32264-9.
Jump up ^ Kawasaki, Guy (2004). The art of the start: the time-tested, battle-hardened guide for anyone starting anything. ISBN 978-1-59184-056-5.
Jump up ^ Joanna Rutkowska. "Red Pill... or how to detect VMM using (almost) one CPU instruction" (archive), Invisible Things Lab
Jump up ^ "Red Pill mode". maemo.org wiki. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "src/repo.cc". hildon-application-manager. Line 153. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Marx Reloaded trailer". Retrieved January 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Men's rights movement: why it is so controversial?". The Week. February 19, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sharlet, Jeff (March 2015). "Are You Man Enough for the Men's Rights Movement?". GQ. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
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Dusk Till Dawn (Zayn song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 October 2017.
Jump to: navigation, search
"Dusk Till Dawn"
Single by Zayn featuring Sia
Released
7 September 2017
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2017
Genre
Pop
Length
4:27
Label
RCA
Songwriter(s)
Zayn Malik
Sia Furler
Greg Kurstin[1]
Producer(s)
Greg Kurstin[1]
Zayn singles chronology
"Still Got Time"
(2017) "Dusk Till Dawn"
(2017)
"Still Got Time"
(2017) "Dusk Till Dawn"
(2017)
Sia singles chronology
"Free Me"
(2017) Free Me2017 "Dusk Till Dawn"
(2017) Dusk Till Dawn2017 "Rainbow"
(2017) Rainbow2017
Music video
"Dusk Till Dawn" on YouTube
"Dusk Till Dawn" is a song by English singer Zayn featuring Australian singer-songwriter Sia, which was released worldwide as the lead single from his upcoming second studio album on 7 September 2017.[2][3][4] The accompanying music video was released on the same day, it features Zayn and English American actress Jemima Kirke.[5] The song is also featured in the official trailer for the film, The Mountain Between Us.[6] Commercially, the track topped the charts of six nations and reached the top ten in more than twenty countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Critical reception
3 Commercial reception
4 Music video
4.1 Synopsis
4.2 Reception
5 Charts
6 Certifications
7 Release history
8 References
Composition[edit]
"Dusk Till Dawn" is a pop power ballad.[7] Fact described the song as "stadium ballad" and further saying that "instead of running away from his pop roots [Zayn] seems to be relaxing and re-embracing those pop beginnings".[8]
In speaking about the song, Zayn said, "That's where I started and that's obviously still in there. I still like pop music, but it's about putting my own spin on it, making it me."[8]
The song is in the key of B minor with a tempo of 180 beats per minute. The meter is common time.[9] The harmonic progression is Bm7–G–D–F♯m7/C♯–Bm7–G–D–A/C♯. The vocals span two octaves, from D3 to D5.[10]
Critical reception[edit]
Hugh McIntyre from Forbes said the song is as "epic as it needed to be considering the two powerhouses attached." He noted that it "features powerful vocals, high notes left and right and a vocal hook that is somehow impossible to sing along to, while still being memorable."[11] McIntyre also predicted it could be a potential Grammy Award nominee for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.[12]
Michael Cragg of The Guardian chose the song as "track of the week" and described it as "a towering piece of perfect pop."[13] Elias Leight from Rolling Stone described the song as "throbbing ballad" and said that the duet "leans close to her [Sia's] trademark style", further stating that "Sia dials back her potent voice to harmonize better with Malik; she often handles the low end, while his singing flutters around in the falsetto range."[14] MTV called it a "massive, cinematic duet" and concluded that it "starts off as a gorgeous, romantic mid-tempo and builds to a thrashing sing-along chorus that will echo around stadiums in no time."[15]
Jordan Sargent, writing for SPIN, said "Dusk Till Dawn" was "a step backwards" from Zayn's previous single, "Still Got Time", and further commented that the collaboration with Sia was "fairly predictable and mostly uninteresting".[16]
Commercial reception[edit]
As of September 2017, "Dusk Till Dawn" moved around 58,000 digital copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.[17] The track sold 28,561 downloads in the UK during its first week.[18] As of October 5, 2017, the song has sold around 65,000 copies in the United States. [19]
Music video[edit]
Synopsis[edit]
The music video features Jemima Kirke.
Directed by Marc Webb, the accompanying music video for "Dusk Till Dawn" premiered on YouTube on 7 September 2017, receiving over 9.77 million views in its first day.[20] It is Webb's first music video in seven years. The music video finds Zayn on the run from two different groups, after he makes a sly hand-off with his mysterious accomplice played by actress Jemima Kirke.[21] Soon after a brief confrontation Zayn outwits the law and escapes a pair of gangsters in an intense car chase and eventually lures both parties in a trap and drives off into the sunset with Kirke.[14][22]
The video was inspired by movies Casino and Goodfellas.[8] According to Zayn, "It’s definitely a nod to a particular era of music videos. The early '90s, around that period, people really tried to make these epic, intense movies for their videos, Michael Jackson being a great example of that. I wanted to come back and give my fans something along those lines rather than just some blasé video."[8]
Reception[edit]
Rolling Stone's Elias Leight said that "Jemima Kirke and Zayn Malik are a modern day Bonnie and Clyde in the new clip" for Zayn's song.[14] MTV's contributor praised the dramatic visuals and wrote "Dusk Till Dawn video is a huge step up from his previous music videos and we can’t help but wonder if this is only Part One of the story."[15] Al Horner from Fact described the video as "a Chinatown heist mini-movie crammed into five action-packed minutes."[8] The music video has received more than 200 million views on YouTube, as of 16 October 2017.[23]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[24]
6
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[25]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[26]
5
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[27]
15
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[28]
5
Croatia (HRT)[29]
11
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[30]
1
Denmark (Tracklisten)[31]
12
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[32]
4
France (SNEP)[33]
6
Germany (Official German Charts)[34]
3
Greece Digital Songs (Billboard)[35]
1
Hungary (Single Top 40)[36]
4
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[37]
2
Ireland (IRMA)[38]
4
Italy (FIMI)[39]
7
Latvia (Latvijas Top 40)[40]
2
Lebanon (Lebanese Top 20)[41]
1
Lithuania (M-1 Top 40)[42]
5
Malaysia (RIM)[43]
1
Mexico (Billboard Ingles Airplay)[44]
1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[45]
5
Netherlands (Mega Top 50)[46]
5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[47]
7
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[48]
8
Norway (VG-lista)[49]
3
Philippines (Philippine Hot 100)[50]
17
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[51]
7
Portugal (AFP)[52]
2
Romania (Airplay 100)[53]
16
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[54]
5
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[55]
8
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[56]
2
Slovenia (SloTop50)[57]
20
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[58]
56
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[59]
2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[60]
1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[61]
5
US Billboard Hot 100[62]
44
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[63]
29
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[64]
36
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[24]
Platinum 70,000^
Italy (FIMI)[65]
Gold 25,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[66]
Gold 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[67]
Silver 200,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
Various
7 September 2017 Digital download RCA [2]
United Kingdom
9 September 2017 Contemporary hit radio [68]
United States
19 September 2017 [69]
Italy
6 October 2017 Sony [70]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Dusk Till Dawn (Radio Edit) / ZAYN". Tidal. 8 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Renshaw, David (1 September 2017). "Zayn Announces New Single "Dusk Till Dawn" Featuring Sia". The Fader. ISSN 1533-5194. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn Malik Announces New Sia-Featured Single 'Dusk Till Dawn'". Us Weekly. ISSN 1529-7497. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ZAYN Releases 'Dusk Till Dawn' Featuring Sia – RCA Records". RCA Records. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Billboard (1 September 2017). "Zayn Malik Announces 'Dusk Till Dawn,' New Song Feat. Sia". Billboard. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn and Sia's 'Dusk Till Dawn' is Featured in 'Mountains Between Us' Trailer". 14 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Min, Lilian (8 September 2017). "Zayn Malik Reveals He Is Rapping on His New Album". Teen Vogue. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Horner, Al (8 September 2017). "ZAYN grew up on “epic, intense” 1990s music videos, and now he has one of his own". Fact. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "BPM for 'Dusk Till Dawn - Radio Edit' by 'ZAYN'". songbpm.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn feat. Sia "Dusk Till Dawn" Sheet Music in B Minor (transposable)". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "Zayn And Sia Team Up For New Single 'Dusk Till Dawn'". Forbes. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "Zayn, Sia, Sam Smith And More Lead The Potential Last-Minute Grammy Submissions". Retrieved 24 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Michael Cragg (15 September 2017). "Zayn's Dusk Till Dawn". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leight, Elias (7 September 2017). "Watch Jemima Kirke in Noir Thriller For Zayn Malik, Sia's New Song". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Zayn Is Back With the Incredible 'Dusk Till Dawn' Video Featuring Sia". MTV. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Review: Zayn – "Dusk Till Dawn" ft. Sia". Spin. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 09/28/2017" (PDF). Nielsen SoundScan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Charts Analysis: Post Malone secures second week atop singles chart". Music Week. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20171009211202/http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Digital-Songs-Chart-Wk.-Ending-10-05-17.pdf
Jump up ^ "YouTube Stats of ZAYN - Dusk Till Dawn ft. Sia". kworb.net.
Jump up ^ Kaye, Ben (7 September 2017). "ZAYN is a wanted man in the Marc Webb-directed video for “Dusk Till Dawn” featuring Sia: Watch". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch Zayn Malik's Intense Mini-Action Movie 'Dusk Till Dawn' Video". Billboard. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ ZAYN - Dusk Till Dawn ft. Sia on YouTube
^ Jump up to: a b "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn – Chart history" Canadian Hot 100 for Zayn. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Croatia ARC TOP 40". HRT. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201742 into search. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Track Top-40 Uge 38, 2017". Hitlisten. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn: Dusk Till Dawn (Feat. Sia)" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 42, 2017)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard – Greece Digital Song Sales". Billboard. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Classifica settimanale WK 43" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Latvijas Top 40". Latvijas Radio. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn Lebanese Chart Top 20 History". The Official Lebanese Top 20. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lithuanian Airplay Chart". Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles in Malaysia : Week 37 (8/9/2017 – 14/9/2017)" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mexico Ingles Airplay". Billboard. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 43, 2017" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lijst van 14-10-2017 - MEGA TOP 50" (in Dutch). Mega Top 50
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "VG-lista – Zayn feat. Sia". VG-lista. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BillboardPH Hot 100". Billboard Philippines. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Airplay 100 – 8 October 2017". Retrieved 11 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201742 into search. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201737 into search. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart" (in Slovenian). SloTop50. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Canciones — Semana 37: del 08.09.2017 al 14.09.2017" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sverigetopplistan – Sveriges Officiella Topplista". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Zayn. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn – Chart history" Billboard Adult Pop Songs for Zayn. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for Zayn. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Zayn feat. Sia – Dusk Till Dawn". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 20 October 2017. Enter Dusk Till Dawn in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "Radio 1 Playlist". BBC. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 40/M Future Releases". All Access Music Group. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zayn ft. Sia - Dusk Till Dawn RadioDate". Radioairplay.fa. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
[show]
v
t
e
Zayn Malik
Discography
Mind of Mine
"Pillowtalk"
"Like I Would"
"Wrong"
Collaborations
"Back to Sleep (Remix)"
"Cruel"
"Freedun"
"I Don't Wanna Live Forever"
Promotional singles
"It's You"
"Befour"
Other songs
"She"
"Still Got Time"
"Dusk Till Dawn"
Related articles
One Direction
Malay
[show]
v
t
e
Sia singles
Awards and nominations
Discography
Songs
Healing Is Difficult
"Taken for Granted"
"Little Man"
"Drink to Get Drunk"
Colour the Small One
"Don't Bring Me Down"
"Breathe Me"
"Where I Belong"
Some People Have Real Problems
"The Girl You Lost to Cocaine"
"Soon We'll Be Found"
"Buttons"
We Are Born
"You've Changed"
"Clap Your Hands"
"Bring Night"
1000 Forms of Fear
"Chandelier"
"Eye of the Needle"
"Big Girls Cry"
"Elastic Heart"
"Fire Meet Gasoline"
This Is Acting
"Bird Set Free"
"Alive"
"Unstoppable"
"Cheap Thrills"
"Reaper"
"The Greatest"
"Move Your Body"
Soundtrack singles
"You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile (2014 Film Version)"
"California Dreamin'"
"Never Give Up"
"Angel by the Wings"
"To Be Human"
"Rainbow"
Featured singles
"Destiny"
"Somersault"
"I Love It"
"Titanium"
"Wild Ones"
"She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)"
"Battle Cry"
"Guts Over Fear"
"Déjà Vu"
"Golden"
"Bang My Head"
"Living Out Loud"
"Waterfall"
"Dusk Till Dawn"
Other songs
"Like a River Runs"
"Start a War"
"Wolves"
"Free Me"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dusk_Till_Dawn_(Zayn_song)&oldid=807378705"
Categories:
2017 singles
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Hidden categories:
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