text:
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Hanging Garden (disambiguation).
This hand-coloured engraving, probably made in the 19th century after the first excavations in the Assyrian capitals, depicts the fabled Hanging Gardens, with the Tower of Babel in the background.
Timeline and map of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the other Wonders of the Ancient World
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a term given to it by ancient Hellenic culture. The Hanging Gardens were described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines. The gardens were said to have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks.
The Hanging Gardens is the only one of the seven ancient wonders for which the location has not been definitively established.[1] Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. The Babylonian priest Berossus, writing in about 290 BC and quoted later by Josephus, attributed the gardens to Neo-Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled between 605 and 562 BC. There are no extant Babylonian texts which mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in Babylon.[2][3]
Because no physical evidence for the Hanging Gardens has been found at Babylon, two theories have been suggested. One is that they were purely mythical, and the descriptions found in ancient Greek and Roman writers including Strabo, Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus represent a romantic ideal of an eastern garden.[4] If it did indeed exist, it was destroyed sometime after the first century AD.[5][6] The other theory is that they were actually in the city of Nineveh, constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib.[7]
According to one legend, Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens for his Median wife, Queen Amytis, because she missed the green hills and valleys of her homeland. He also built a grand palace that came to be known as "The Marvel of the Mankind". Stephanie Dalley suggests that the original garden may have been a well-documented one that Assyrian King Sennacherib (704–681 BC) built in his capital city of Nineveh on the River Tigris, near the modern city of Mosul.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Descriptions
2 Scholarship and controversy
3 Hanging Garden at Nineveh
4 See also
5 References
6 Sources
7 Further reading
8 External links
Descriptions
There are five principal writers whose descriptions of Babylon are extant in some form today. These writers concern themselves with the size of the Hanging Gardens, their overall design and means of irrigation, and why they were built.
Josephus (c.37–100 AD) quotes a description of the gardens by Berossus, a Babylonian priest of Marduk writing circa 290 BC.[1] Berossus described the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II and is the only source to credit that king with the construction of the Hanging Gardens.[9]
In this palace he erected very high walks, supported by stone pillars; and by planting what was called a pensile paradise, and replenishing it with all sorts of trees, he rendered the prospect an exact resemblance of a mountainous country. This he did to gratify his queen, because she had been brought up in Media, and was fond of a mountainous situation.[10]
Hanging gardens of Semiramis, by H. Waldeck
Diodorus Siculus (active c.60–30 BC) seems to have consulted the 4th century BC texts of both Cleitarchus (a historian of Alexander the Great) and Ctesias of Cnidus. Diodorus ascribes the construction to a Syrian king. He states that the garden was in the shape of a square, with each side approximately four plethra long. The garden was tiered, with the uppermost gallery being 50 cubits high. The walls, 22 feet thick, were made of brick. The bases of the tiered sections were sufficiently deep to provide root growth for the largest trees, and the gardens were irrigated from the nearby Euphrates.[11]
Quintus Curtius Rufus (fl. 1st century AD) probably drew on the same sources as Diodorus.[12] He states that the gardens were located on top of a citadel, which was 20 stadia in circumference. He attributes the building of the gardens to a Syrian king, again for the reason that his queen missed her homeland.
The account of Strabo (c.64 BC – 21 AD) possibly based his account on the lost account of Onesicritus from the 4th century BC[13] He mentions that the gardens were watered by means of a screw leading to the gardens from the Euphrates.
Philo of Byzantium (4th–5th century AD[14]) is the last of the classical sources. The description of the gardens in his A Handbook to the Seven Wonders of the World is thought to be independent of earlier Greek sources. The method of raising water by screw matches that described by Strabo.[15] He marvels at the engineering and ingenuity of building vast areas of deep soil, which had a tremendous mass, so far above the natural grade of the surrounding land. The irrigation techniques were also a marvel.
Scholarship and controversy
This copy of a bas relief from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal (669–631 BC) at Nineveh shows a luxurious garden watered by an aqueduct.
There is some controversy as to whether the Hanging Gardens were an actual construction or a poetic creation, owing to the lack of documentation in contemporaneous Babylonian sources. There is also no mention of Nebuchadnezzar's wife Amyitis (or any other wives), although a political marriage to a Median or Persian would not have been unusual.[16] Many records exist of Nebuchadnezzar's works, yet his long and complete inscriptions do not mention any garden.[17]
Herodotus, who describes Babylon in his Histories, does not mention the Hanging Gardens.[18]
To date, no archaeological evidence has been found at Babylon for the Hanging Gardens.[1] It is possible that evidence exists beneath the Euphrates, which cannot be excavated safely at present. The river flowed east of its current position during the time of Nebuchadnezzar II, and little is known about the western portion of Babylon.[19] Rollinger has suggested that Berossus attributed the Gardens to Nebuchadnezzar for political reasons, and that he had adopted the legend from elsewhere.[20]
A recent theory proposes that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were actually constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib (reigned 704 – 681 BC) for his palace at Nineveh. Stephanie Dalley posits that during the intervening centuries the two sites became confused, and the extensive gardens at Sennacherib's palace were attributed to Nebuchadnezzar II's Babylon.[7] Recently discovered evidence includes excavation of a vast system of aqueducts inscribed to Sennacherib, which Dalley proposes were part of a 80-kilometre (50 mi) series of canals, dams, and aqueducts used to carry water to Nineveh with water-raising screws used to raise it to the upper levels of the gardens.[21]
Dalley bases her arguments on recent developments in the decipherment of contemporary Akkadian inscriptions. Her main points are:[22]
The name "Babylon", meaning "Gate of the Gods"[23] was applied to several Mesopotamian cities.[24] Sennacherib renamed the city gates of Nineveh after gods,[25] which suggests that he wished his city to be considered "a Babylon".
Only Josephus names Nebuchadnezzar as the king who built the gardens; although Nebuchadnezzar left many inscriptions, none mentions any garden or engineering works.[26] Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus specify a "Syrian" king.
By contrast, Sennacherib left written descriptions,[27] and there is archaeological evidence of his water engineering.[28] His grandson Assurbanipal pictured the mature garden on a sculptured wall panel in his palace.[29]
Sennacherib called his new palace and garden "a wonder for all peoples". He describes the making and operation of screws to raise water in his garden.[30]
The descriptions of the classical authors fit closely to these contemporary records. Before the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great camped for four days near the aqueduct at Jerwan.[31] The historians who travelled with him would have had ample time to investigate the enormous works around them, recording them in Greek. These first-hand accounts do not survive into our times but were quoted by later Greek writers.
Hanging Garden at Nineveh
King Sennacherib's Hanging Garden was considered a world wonder not just for its beauty – a year-round oasis of lush green in a dusty summer landscape – but also for the marvelous feats of water engineering that maintained the garden.[32]
There was a tradition of Assyrian royal garden building. King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) had created a canal, which cut through the mountains. Fruit tree orchards were planted. Also mentioned were pines, cypresses and junipers; almond trees, date trees, ebony, rosewood, olive, oak, tamarisk, walnut, terebinth, ash, fir, pomegranate, pear, quince, fig, and grapes.
Photo of Assyrian wall relief showing garden in the ancient city of Nineveh (Mosul Iraq)
Sennacherib is the only Mesopotamian king who has left a record of his love for his wife. Of Sennacherib's palace, he mentions the massive limestone blocks that reinforce the flood defences. Parts of the palace were excavated by Austin Henry Layard in the mid-19th century. His citadel plan shows contours which would be consistent with Sennacherib's garden, but its position has not been confirmed. The area has been used as a military base in recent times, making it difficult to investigate further.
A sculptured wall panel of Assurbanipal shows the garden in its maturity. One original panel[33] and the drawing of another[34] are held by the British Museum, although neither is on public display. Several features mentioned by the classical authors are discernible on these contemporary images.
The irrigation of such a garden demanded an upgraded water supply to the city of Nineveh. The canals stretched over 50 km into the mountains. Sennacherib was proud of the technologies he had employed and describes them in some detail on his inscriptions. At the headwater of Bavian (Khinnis)[35] his inscription mentions automatic sluice gates. An enormous aqueduct crossing the valley at Jerwan was constructed of over 2 million dressed stones. It used stone arches and waterproof cement.[36] On it is written:
Sennacherib king of the world king of Assyria. Over a great distance I had a watercourse directed to the environs of Nineveh, joining together the waters.... Over steep-sided valleys I spanned an aqueduct of white limestone blocks, I made those waters flow over it.
Sennacherib claims to be the first to deploy a new casting technique in place of the "lost-wax" process for his monumental (30 tonne) bronze castings.
Sennacherib could bring the water into his garden at a high level because it was sourced from further up the mountains. He then raised the water even higher by deploying his new water screws. This meant he could build a garden that towered above the landscape with large trees on the top of the terraces – a stunning artistic effect that surpassed those of his predecessors and which justifies his own claim to have built a "Wonder for all Peoples".
See also
Folkewall
Green wall
Green roof
Historical hydroculture
History of gardening
References
^ Jump up to: a b c Finkel (1988) p. 41.
Jump up ^ Finkel (1988) p. 58.
Jump up ^ Finkel, Irving; Seymour, Michael (2008). Babylon: City of Wonders. London: British Museum Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-7141-1171-6.
Jump up ^ Finkel 2008
Jump up ^ "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Stephanie Dalley (1993). "Ancient Mesopotamian Gardens and the Identification of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Resolved". Garden History. 21: 7. JSTOR 1587050.
Jump up ^ Dalley, Stephanie (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Jump up ^ Finkel (2008) p. 108.
Jump up ^ Joseph. contr. Appion. lib. 1. c. 19.—Syncel. Chron. 220.—Euseb. Præp. Evan. lib. 9.
Jump up ^ Diodorus Siculus II.10-1-10
Jump up ^ History of Alexander V.1.35-5
Jump up ^ Strabo, Geography XVI.1.5, translation adapted from H.L. Jones, Loeb Classical Library edn (1961).
Jump up ^ This author is now thought to not be Philo the Engineer of Byzantium, but perhaps Philo the Paradoxographer of Byzantium; Stephanie Dalley, "More about the Hanging Gardens," in Of Pots and Pans: Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria as presented to David Oates on his 75th Birthday, Edited by L. al-Gailani-Werr, J.E. Curtis, H. Martin, A. McMahon, J. Oates and J.E. Reade, (London), pp. 67–73 ISBN 1-897750-62-5.
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013), p. 40. Dalley bases her translation on Brodersen (1992) who uses an early Greek text. A previous translation by David Oates, based on a Latin text, is found in Finkel (1988) pp. 45–46.
Jump up ^ Finkel (2008) p. 109.
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013)
Jump up ^ Priestley, Jessica (2014). Herodotus and Hellenistic culture: Literary Studies in the Reception of the Histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 91.
Jump up ^ Joan Oates, Babylon, Revised Edition, Thames and Hudson, London (1986) p. 144 ISBN 0500273847.
Jump up ^ Rollinger, Robert "Berossos and the Monuments", ed. J Haubold et al, The World of Berossos, Wiesbaden (2013), p151
Jump up ^ Alberge, Dalya (5 May 2013). "Babylon's hanging garden: ancient scripts give clue to missing wonder". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Dalley, Stephanie (2013) The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced, Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Jump up ^ AR George, Babylonian Topographical Texts, (1992)
Jump up ^ see for example Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum, Vol 19, page 25, line 25
Jump up ^ Pongratz-Leisten, Ina Sulmi Erub (1994),
Jump up ^ See Dalley (2013) ch 1 for a summary.
Jump up ^ Especially: the Iraq Museum prism dated 694 BC published by A Heidel, The Octagonal Sennacherib Prism in the Iraq Museum, Sumer 9 (1953); and the British Museum prism BM103000 of the same date
Jump up ^ T Jacobsen and S Lloyd, Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan (1935); Reade, Studies in Assyrian Geography, Revue d'Assyriologie 72 (1978); Channel 4 TV programme Secret History: Finding Babylon's Hanging Garden, 24th November 2013
Jump up ^ AH Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, (1853)
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013), pp. 62–63
Jump up ^ R Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (1973)
Jump up ^ Stephanie Dalley (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. Oxford University Press. p. 65–82. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5. The quotations in this section are the translations of the author and are reproduced with the permission of OUP.
Jump up ^ BM124939
Jump up ^ Original Drawing IV 77
Jump up ^ Layard (1853)
Jump up ^ Jacobsen (1935)
Sources
Finkel, Irving (1988). "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". In Clayton, Peter; Price, Martin. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Routledge. pp. 38 ff. ISBN 0-415-05036-7.
Finkel, Irving L.; Seymour, Michael J., eds. (2008). Babylon. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-538540-3.
Dalley, Stephanie (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Library resources about
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Online books
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Further reading
Dalley, Stephanie. 1994. "Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled." Iraq 56: 45-58. doi:10.2307/4200384.
--. 2013. The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Norwich, John Julius. 2009. The Great Cities In History. London: Thames & Hudson.
Reade, Julian. 2000. "Alexander the Great and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon." Iraq 62: 195-217. doi:10.2307/4200490.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
How the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Work: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Plants in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Artistic Renditions of the Hanging Gardens and the city of Babylon
Animation of 3D virtual Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Lost Gardens of Babylon Documentary produced by the PBS Series Secrets of the Dead
[hide]
v
t
e
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The Seven Wonders
Great Pyramid of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Colossus of Rhodes
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Related
Wonders of the World
Seven Wonders of the World (1956 film)
Coordinates: 32°32′08″N 44°25′39″E / 32.5355°N 44.4275°E / 32.5355; 44.4275
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 304928287
GND: 4228412-0
SUDOC: 13611928X
BNF: cb161161096 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon&oldid=816891098"
Categories:
Babylon
Babylonian art and architecture
Destroyed landmarks
Gardens in Iraq
Landscape design history
Nebuchadnezzar II
Sennacherib
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Terraced gardens
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia semi-protected pages
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Coordinates on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
ދިވެހިބަސް
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Frysk
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk
Occitan
پنجابی
پښتو
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Scots
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Soomaaliga
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
文言
Winaray
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 December 2017, at 12:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This article is semi-protected until September 13, 2018.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/Hanging_Garden_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Hanging Garden (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: class style

values:
/wiki/Ctesias_of_Cnidus
mw-redirect
Ctesias of Cnidus

values:
/wiki/Austin_Henry_Layard
mw-redirect
Austin Henry Layard

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.unmuseum.org/hangg.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1587050

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values: commons:Category:Hanging Gardens of Babylon

values: Template:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

values: Template talk:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/304928287

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4228412-0

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/13611928X

values: Category:Babylonian art and architecture

values: Category:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: حدائق بابل المعلقة – Arabic

values: Xardinos Colgantes de Babilonia – Asturian

values: Semiramidanın asma bağları – Azerbaijani

values: بابل آسما باغ‌لاری – South Azerbaijani

values: ব্যাবিলনের শূন্য উদ্যান – Bangla

values: Pa-pí-lûn ê Khong-tiong Hoe-hn̂g – Chinese (Min Nan)

values: Семирамиданың аҫылмалы баҡсалары – Bashkir

values: Вісячыя сады Семіраміды – Belarusian

values: Висящи градини на Семирамида – Bulgarian

values: Семирамидăн çакăнса тăракан сачĕсем – Chuvash

values: ބާބިލްގެ އެލިފައިވާ ބަގީޗާ ( ހެންގިންގ ގާރޑްން ) – Divehi

values: Κρεμαστοί κήποι της Βαβυλώνας – Greek

values: Jardines Colgantes de Babilonia – Spanish

values: باغ‌های معلق بابل – Persian

values: Hingjende tunen fan Babylon – Western Frisian

values: Xardíns colgantes da Babilonia – Galician

values: 바빌론의 공중 정원 – Korean

values: Շամիրամի կախովի այգիներ – Armenian

values: बेबीलोन के झूलते उपवन – Hindi

values: הגנים התלויים בבבל – Hebrew

values: ბაბილონის დაკიდებული ბაღები – Georgian

values: Семирамида аспалы бағы – Kazakh

values: ສວນລອຍຟ້າບາບິລອນ – Lao

values: De hangende parke va Babylon – Limburgish

values: Семирамидини висечки градини – Macedonian

values: തൂങ്ങുന്ന പൂന്തോട്ടം – Malayalam

values: ბაბილონიშ მუკობუნაფილი ბაღეფი – Mingrelian

values: حدايق بابل المعلقه – Egyptian Arabic

values: Вавилоны дүүжин цэцэрлэг – Mongolian

values: ဘေဘီလုံရှိ မိုးပျံဥယျာဉ် – Burmese

values: बेबीलोनको झुलन बगैंचा – Nepali

values: バビロンの空中庭園 – Japanese

values: بابل دیاں پھلواریاں – Western Punjabi

values: د بابل ځوړند بڼ – Pashto

values: Jardins Suspensos da Babilónia – Portuguese

values: Grădinile suspendate ale Semiramidei – Romanian

values: Висячие сады Семирамиды – Russian

values: Kopshtet e varura të Babilonisë – Albanian

values: බැබිලෝනියාවේ එල්ලෙන උද්‍යාන – Sinhala

values: Hanging Gardens of Babylon – Simple English

values: باخە ھەڵواسراوەکانی بابل – Central Kurdish

values: Висећи вртови из Вавилона – Serbian

values: Semiramidini viseći vrtovi – Serbo-Croatian

values: Mga Nakabiting Hardin ng Babilonya – Tagalog

values: பாபிலோனின் தொங்கு தோட்டம் – Tamil

values: สวนลอยบาบิโลน – Thai

values: Сади Семіраміди – Ukrainian

values: بابل کے معلق باغات – Urdu

values: Nakasaray nga mga Hardin han Babylon – Waray

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon rootpage-Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon skin-vector action-view


text:
Knocking on wood
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Knock on wood" redirects here. For other uses, see Knock on Wood (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Look up knock on wood or touch wood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Knocking on wood in the Oval Office
Knocking on wood – in Britain and Australia the phrase is touch wood – is an apotropaic tradition of literally touching, tapping, or knocking on wood, or merely stating that one is doing or intend to do so, in order to avoid "tempting fate" after making a favourable observation, a boast, or declaration concerning one's own death or other unfavorable situation beyond one's control.
Only the spoken party (a singular person) is to actually "knock on wood" at a time.
The origin of the custom may be in German folklore, wherein supernatural beings are thought to live in trees, and can be invoked for protection.[1][2]
Similar traditions in other cultures[edit]
In Indonesia, when someone is saying bad things, the one that hears it would knock on wood (or anything) and knock their forehead saying "amit-amit".
In Malaysia, when someone is saying bad things, the one that hears it would knock on wood (or anything) and knock their forehead saying "choi"or "tak cun tak cun"
In Italy, "tocca ferro" (touch iron) is used, especially after seeing an undertaker or something related to death.[unreliable source?][3]
In Iran, "Bezanam be Tachte بزنم به تخته" (knock on wood), when one says something good about something or somebody, he/she will knock on the wood, saying "bezan-am be takhteh, cheshm nakhoreh" ([I] am knocking on the wood, to prevent – it, he, or she – from being jinxed). Evil eye, and being jinxed is a common phobia and superstitious belief in Iranian culture. Iranians traditionally believe knocking on the wood wards off evil spirits.
In Egypt, "Emsek El Khashab إمسك الخشب" (Hold the wood), people say it when mention good luck that you have had in the past or when you mention hopes you have for the future. The expression is usually used in the hope that a good thing will continue to occur after it has been acknowledged. And to prevent envy.
In old English folklore, "knocking on wood" also referred to when people spoke of secrets – they went into the isolated woods to talk privately and "knocked" on the trees when they were talking to hide their communication from evil spirits who would be unable to hear when they knocked.[citation needed] Another version holds that the act of knocking was to perk up the spirits to make them work in the requester's favor.[4] Yet another version holds that a sect of Monks who wore large wooden crosses around their necks would tap or "knock" on them to ward away evil.
In Romania, there is also a superstition that one can avoid bad things aforementioned by literally knocking on wood ("a bate în lemn"). Wood tables are exempted. One of the possible reasons could be that there is a monastery practice to call people to pray by playing / knocking the simantron.[5]
In Bulgaria the superstition of "knock on wood" (чукам на дърво) is reserved for protection against the evil, and is not typically used for attracting good luck. Usually people engage in the practice in reaction to bad news, actual or merely imagined. In most cases the nearest wooden object is used (in some areas, however, tables are exempt); if there are no such objects within immediate reach, a common tongue-in-cheek practice is to knock on one's head. Knocking on wood is often followed by lightly pulling one's earlobe with the same hand. Common phrases to accompany the ritual are "God guard us" (Бог да ни пази) and "May the Devil not hear" (Да не чуе Дяволът).
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia there is also the habit of knocking on wood when saying something positive or affirmative about someone or something and not wanting that to change. Frequently the movement of knocking on nearby wood is followed by "Da pokucam u drvo" (да куцнем у дрво) (I will knock on wood), or sometimes by "Da ne ureknem" (да не урекнем) (I don't want to jinx it).[6]
In Poland, as well as in Russia, there is a habit of knocking on (unpainted) wood (which may be preceded by saying odpukać w niemalowane drewno or simply odpukać, literally meaning to knock on unpainted wood) when saying something negative - to prevent it from happening - or, more rarely, something positive - in order not to "spoil it". In Czech Republic, this is often accompanied for stronger effect by knocking on one's teeth, a piece of building stone, or metal, reasoning that these (as opposed to wood) survive even fire.
In Turkey, when someone hears about a bad experience someone else had, he/she may gently pull one earlobe, and knock on a wood twice, which means "God save me from that thing."
In the United States in the eighteenth century, men used to knock on the wood stock of their muzzle-loading rifles to settle the black powder charge, ensuring the weapon would fire cleanly.
In Spain "tocar madera" (literally: to touch wood) is something that you say when you want your luck or a good situation to continue. Ha ido bien toda la semana y, toco madera, seguirá bien el fin de semana. (It's been fine all week and, touch wood, it'll stay fine for the weekend).
In Latin America, it is also tradition to physically knock a wooden object. A variant requires that the object does not have legs ("tocar madera sin patas"), which rules out chairs, tables and beds.[7]
In Brazil, "bater na madeira" (hit the wood) is something actually done physically, three knocks are required after giving an example of a bad thing eventually happening. No verbalization is required, just the three knocks on the closest piece or object of wood. In the absence of wood, someone can say "bate na madeira", to prevent the bad thing to happen. People do not actually believe knocking three times a piece of wood will really protect them, but it is a social habit and it is polite to do so to demonstrate that ones doesn't want that bad thing they are talking about to actually happen.
In Greece the saying "χτύπα ξύλο" (literally: Knock wood) is said when hearing someone say something negative in order to prevent it from happening.
In Lebanon and Syria the saying "دقّ عالخشب" (literally: Knock on the wood) is said when hearing someone say something negative in order to prevent it from happening. It is also largely observed when saying something positive or affirmative about someone or something and not wanting that to change.
In Israel the saying "בלי עין הרע" (literally: without the evil eye) is said when someone mentions good things happening to themself or someone else, or even when mentioning a valuable things they own. This expression is a superstition that is used in the hope that a good thing will continue to occur even after it's mentioned, and as a way to prevent Envy (Hasad "حسد") also known as the Evil Eye (Ain Hara'a "عين"), as they believe that Envy can harm other people.
See also[edit]
Crossed fingers
Evil eye
Jinx
Alomancy, related to throwing salt over the left shoulder
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reference.com: Origin of Knock on Wood. The origin of knocking on wood for this purpose is believed by some to be from early pagan mythology. Wood gods, or dryads, lived in trees, and people would go to them for blessings and to prevent bad luck.
Jump up ^ Touch Wood for Luck: The History & Superstition of 'Touch Wood'. One explanation states that the tradition derived from the Pagans who thought that trees were the homes of fairies, spirits, dryads and many other mystical creatures. In these instances, people might knock or touch wood to request good luck, or to distract spirits with evil intentions. When in need of a favour or some good luck, one politely mentioned this wish to a tree and then touched the bark, representing the first "knock." The second "knock" was to say "thank you." The knocking was also supposed to prevent evil spirits from hearing your speech and as such stop them from interfering. Alternatively, some traditions have it that by knocking upon wood, you would awaken and release the benevolent wood fairies that dwelt there.
Jump up ^ "Superstitions in Italy". Lifeinitaly.com. 2007-01-20. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
Jump up ^ Firestone, Allie. "Knock on Wood: Superstitions and Their Origins". Divine Caroline. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS4ZOQAnpzI
Jump up ^ http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/spektar/zivot-i-stil/Da-kucnem-u-drvo.lt.html
Jump up ^ Supersticiones arraigadas - Selecciones
[hide]
v
t
e
Superstition
Main topics
Amulet
Evil eye
Luck
Omen
Talismans
Myth and ritual
Lists
List of superstitions
List of lucky symbols
List of unlucky symbols
Sailors' superstitions
Theatrical superstitions
Africa
Buda
Gris-gris
Sampy
Sleeping child
Americas
Ascalapha odorata
Carranca
Curupira
Djucu
Fortune cookie
I'noGo tied
White lighter myth
Witch window
Asia
Superstition in India
list
Superstition in Pakistan
Japanese superstitions
Bhoot (ghost)
Chhaupadi
Churel
Ghosts in Bengali culture
Jackal's horn
Muhurta
Navaratna
Nazar battu
Pichal Peri
Puppy pregnancy syndrome
Akabeko
Kanai Anzen
Maneki-neko
Okiagari-koboshi
Omamori
Fan death
Agimat
Albularyo
Barang
Kulam
Lihi
Pagtatawas
Pasma
Usog
Kuman Thong
Palad khik
Takrut
Nang Kwak
Curse of 39
Jin Chan
Numbers in Chinese culture
Russian traditions and superstitions
Superstitions of Malaysian Chinese
Europe
Barbary macaques in Gibraltar
Blarney Stone
Cimaruta
Cornicello
Goodman's Croft
In bocca al lupo
Kitchen witch
Nazar
Painted pebbles
Rabbit rabbit rabbit
Ravens of the Tower of London
Spilling water for luck
Troll cross
Tycho Brahe days
Witch post
Wolfssegen
General
11:11
4 (Four-leaf clover, Tetraphobia)
7 (Seventh son of a seventh son)
8
9
13 (Friday the 13th, The Thirteen Club, Thirteenth floor, Triskaidekaphobia)
108
111
666 (Number of the Beast)
Ace of spades
Auspicious wedding date
Baseball superstition
Bayern-luck
Beginner's luck
Black cat
Bread and butter
Break a leg
Chain letter
Cooties
Cramp-ring
Curse
Davy Jones' Locker
End-of-the-day betting effect
Fear of frogs
Fear of ghosts
First-foot
Flying Dutchman
Four Eleven Forty Four
Gambler's conceit
Good luck charm
Groundhog Day
Himmelsbrief
Human sacrifice
Jinx
Klabautermann
Knocking on wood
Law of contagion
Literomancy
Lock of hair
Maternal impression
Miasma theory
Mooncalf
Need-fire
Nelson
Night air
Oscar love curse
Penny
Powder of sympathy
Rabbit's foot
Rainmaking
The Scottish Play
Ship sponsor
Shoes on a table
Sign of the horns
Something old
Spilling salt
Susto
Three on a match
Threshold
Toi toi toi
Wishing well
Witch ball
Witching hour
Related
Apotropaic magic
Astrology and science
Coincidence
Debunker
Divination
Folk religion
Fortune-telling
Magic and religion
Magical thinking
Numerology
Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Traditional medicine
Urban legend
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knocking_on_wood&oldid=823120266"
Categories:
Superstitions
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from March 2010
All articles needing additional references
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from November 2011
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
فارسی
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
Norsk
Română
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 January 2018, at 10:49.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Knock_on_Wood_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Knock on Wood (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Edit section: Similar traditions in other cultures

values: The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (November 2011)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Black_powder
mw-redirect
Black powder

values:
/wiki/Israel_(region)
mw-redirect
Israel (region)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/List_of_superstitions
mw-redirect
List of superstitions

values:
/wiki/List_of_unlucky_symbols
mw-redirect
List of unlucky symbols

values:
/wiki/List_of_superstitions_in_India
mw-redirect
List of superstitions in India

values:
/wiki/Chinese_Numerology
mw-redirect
Chinese Numerology

values:
/wiki/Auspicious_wedding_date
mw-redirect
Auspicious wedding date

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Superstition padding:3px

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

values: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from November 2011

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Knocking_on_wood
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: زدن به تخته – Persian

values: הקשה בעץ – Hebrew

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afkloppen
Afkloppen – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Knocking_on_wood rootpage-Knocking_on_wood skin-vector action-view


text:
I'll Make a Man Out of You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Disney song. For the World War I recruiting song, see I'll Make a Man of You.
"I'll Make a Man Out of You"
Song by Donny Osmond
from the album Mulan: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack
Released
June 2, 1998 (1998-06-02)
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
3:21
Label
Walt Disney
Songwriter(s)
Matthew Wilder
David Zippel
Producer(s)
Matthew Wilder
Mulan: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack track listing
"Reflection"
(2) "I'll Make a Man Out of You"
(3) "A Girl Worth Fighting For"
(4)
"I'll Make a Man out of You" is a song written by composer Matthew Wilder and lyricist David Zippel for Walt Disney Pictures' 36th animated feature film Mulan (1998). Appearing on the film's soundtrack Mulan: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack, "I'll Make a Man Out of You" is performed by American singer Donny Osmond as the singing voice of Captain Li Shang in lieu of American actor BD Wong, who provides the character's speaking voice. The song also features appearances by Lea Salonga as Mulan, Eddie Murphy as Mushu, and Harvey Fierstein, Jerry Tondo and Wilder himself as Yao, Chien-Po and Ling, respectively. Murphy's line, however, is the only one to be spoken instead of sung.
"I'll Make a Man Out of You" was written to replace the song "We'll Make a Man of You" after the film's original songwriter Stephen Schwartz departed from the project in favor of working on DreamWorks' The Prince of Egypt (1998). Prior to Mulan, Osmond had auditioned for the role of Hercules in Disney's Hercules (1997), a role for which he was ultimately turned down by the directors because they felt that he sounded too old. Disney eventually cast Osmond as the singing voice of Shang because his singing voice is similar to Wong's speaking voice. An up-tempo military-style song, "I'll Make a Man Out of You" is performed by Shang during a rigorous training montage in which his young, inexperienced soldiers attempt to justify their worth. The song's title is considered ironic because Mulan, who relies on intelligence, ultimately proves more competent than her male comrades, including Captain Li Shang, who takes a liking to her.
"I'll Make a Man Out of You" has received mostly positive reviews from film and music critics, some of whom dubbed it the film's best song, while praising Osmond's performance. Critics have also drawn comparisons between the song and Disney's Hercules, while likening Mulan's role and transformation to actress Demi Moore's performance as Lieutenant Jordan O'Neil in the film G. I. Jane (1997). The song has since appeared on several "best of" Disney songs lists, including those of Total Film and the New York Post. Discussed by film critics, film historians, academic journalists and feminists, the song has gone on to be recorded and covered in several different languages—namely Mandarin, Cantonese and Spanish—by entertainers Jackie Chan and Cristian Castro, respectively.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Context and use in Mulan
3 Music and lyrics
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Accolades and recognition
5 Covers and parodies
6 Credits and personnel
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
The directors cast American singer Donny Osmond as the singing voice of Shang because he and BD Wong share similar voices; Osmond had auditioned for the role of Hercules in Disney's Hercules, for which he was turned down because he sounded "too old".
"I'll Make a Man Out of You" was written by composer Matthew Wilder and lyricist David Zippel, who were hired to write the songs for Mulan because, according to co-director Tony Bancroft, "Disney was trying to find different songwriters that ... would give kind of different sound to each of the songs." While Zippel, a Broadway lyricist, was recruited because the directors were impressed by the songwriter's work on Disney's Hercules (1997), at the time Wilder, a pop singer and record producer, was best known for his hit single "Break My Stride".[1] Bancroft believes that, although the songwriters "had two different sensibilities ... I think the[y] blend worked well together, especially on ['I'll Make a Man Out of You']".[1]
Originally, songwriter Stephen Schwartz, who had just recently worked as a lyricist opposite composer Alan Menken on Disney's Pocahontas (1995) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), was slated to write the lyrics for Mulan, but he was replaced by Zippel "at the last moment."[2] Schwartz had written a song called "We'll Make a Man of You" for "when Mulan is trying to learn to be a soldier".[3] The song was eventually replaced by Wilder and Zippel's "I'll Make a Man Out of You" when Schwartz was forced to resign from Mulan by Disney executives Peter Schneider and Michael Eisner because the songwriter had also agreed to write the songs for rival film studio DreamWorks' animated feature film The Prince of Egypt (1998).[4] According to The Musical Theater of Stephen Schwartz: From Godspell to Wicked and Beyond, Schwartz believed that he would have been able to work on both films simultaneously, but ultimately chose The Prince of Egypt instead because he felt pressured by Disney.[5]
Before Mulan, American singer Donny Osmond had auditioned for the lead role in Hercules, a role for which he was ultimately not cast because the directors felt that is voice sounded "too old" and "too deep" for the character.[6] Osmond later revealed in an interview with People that he was so embarrassed by his Hercules audition that he had nearly considered ending his singing career prematurely.[7] A few months later, Disney contacted Osmond with interest in casting him as the singing voice of Shang after comparing his audition tapes to BD Wong and determining that both actors have "very similar voices."[8] In one scene, Osmond's character, Shang, is hit in the stomach while singing "I'll Make a Man Out of You". In order to sound as realistic as possible, Osmond punched himself in the stomach several times while recording the song.[9]
Context and use in Mulan[edit]
"I'll Make a Man Out of You" is performed by Captain Li Shang during Mulan's training montage,[10] which has also been identified as the film's "boot camp sequence."[11] The scene explores Shang's attempt to train his newly recruited squadron of incompetent soldiers in the hopes of ultimately transforming into a skilled army.[12] Occupying a significant portion of the film's plot, Shang promises to turn his team of "rag-tag recruits" into men.[13][14] The musical number is used to "compress dramatic time or narrate" in a more compelling way than had solely dialogue been used.[15] The scene begins with Shang shooting an arrow into the top of a tall pole and challenging all of his soldiers to retrieve it, each of whom fail until Mulan eventually succeeds. According to the book Into the Closet: Cross-Dressing and the Gendered Body in Children's Literature and Film by Victoria Flanagan, Mulan is successful in retrieving the arrow because she uses "an ingenuity that is based upon her ability to incorporate aspects of femininity into her masculine performance."[16] By the end of the scene, all of the soldiers have improved dramatically and the results of their practice and training are finally revealed.[17] In what Joshua and Judges author Athalya Brenner called "a humorous reversal toward the end of the movie," Mulan and her male comrades disguise themselves as concubines in order to infiltrate the palace and rescue the emperor while "I'll Make a Man Out of You" reprises in the background.[18]
Screenshot of Mulan (left), disguised as "Ping", being reprimanded by Shang (right) during the "I'll Make a Man Out of You" sequence due to her incompetence.
Critics have observed ways in which the scene explores Mulan's growth and transformation as the character evolves from a clumsy, inexperienced recruit into one of the army's most skilled soldiers, in spite of her gender. According to the book Literacy, Play and Globalization: Converging Imaginaries in Children's Critical and Cultural Performances, the montage depicts Mulan's gender as "an obstacle to overcome."[19] Author Phyllis Frus wrote in her book Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works, "The need for inexperienced young men to go through a rigorous training results in a sequence common to many films," and that the scene "show's the challenges Ping/Mulan faces due to her" inexperience.[17] As observed by Juanita Kwok in the book Film Asia: New Perspectives on Film for English, the irony of the scene lies within the fact that "Mulan proves herself more competent than any of the men."[20] The author also observed that the scene's first refrain accompanies shots of Shang, while its second "coincides with Mulan climbing to the top of the pole."[21] Additionally, while the earlier, all-female musical number "Honor to Us All" "functions as an account of the constructedness of female gender," "I'll Make a Man Out of You" "juxtaposes and makes explicit the contention that gender is a cultural product," according to Johnson Cheu, author of Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability.[22] The Representation of Gender in Walt Disney's "Mulan" believes that the song emphasizes desirable masculine traits, namely "discipline ... tranquility, celerity, strength and fearlessness,"[23] while Shang, according to Putting the Grail Back into Girl Power: How a Girl Saved Camelot, and why it Matters, "views [femininity] as comparable to weakness."[24] In her article Disney's "Mulan"—the "True" Deconstructed Heroine?, Lisa Brocklebank argued the song explores themes such as othering, ostracism and abjection.[25]
Critics have drawn similarities between the "I'll Make a Man Out of You" sequence and Hercules' training montage in Disney's Hercules (1997), as well as actress Demi Moore's role as Lieutenant Jordan O'Neil in the film G. I. Jane (1997).[10] In the book Ways of Being Male: Representing Masculinities in Children's Literature, author John Stephens wrote that although both Mulan and Hercules depict "the active male body as spectacle," Mulan's is less "straight-forward" due to the character's gender.[21] Michael Dequina of The Movie Report observed that "Mulan's transformation is highly reminiscent of Demi Moore's in last year's Disney drama G.I. Jane, but Mulan oneups that film's hour-long toughening process by efficiently covering the same ground during a single, rousing musical number."[26]
Music and lyrics[edit]
I'll Make a Man Out of You
A twenty-nine second sample of "I'll Make a Man Out of You".
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Written in common time at a tempo of 110 beats per minute and starting out in the key of E minor,[27] "I'll Make a Man Out of You" has been identified as a "heroic power ballad"[28] and anthem[29] that features an upbeat, "thumping" rhythm.[30][31] The Disney Song Encyclopedia described the song as a "rhythmic military song."[32] Beginning with "a military-style drum" introduction,[21] "I'll Make a Man Out of You", which is immediately preceded by the emotional ballad "Reflection" on the film's soundtrack album, "breaks up the slower pace of the songs," according to Filmtracks.com.[33] Similar to the song "A Girl Worth Fighting For", the "ironically titled"[34] "I'll Make a Man Out of You" "play[s] off Mulan's secret" because Shang is unaware that she is actually a girl, as observed by Jeffrey Gantz of The Phoenix.[35] Johnson Cheu, author of Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability, received the song as a counterpart to the all-female musical number "Honor to Us All".[22] Going into the last verse, the song's key shifts up to F minor and later towards the end, "the backing track falls into silence and [Osmond's] vocals come to the fore."[36] Osmond's vocal range spans one octave, from D3 to F4.[37] Beginning with two verses, followed by a bridge, a refrain, a final verse and repeated choruses,[38] the song is a total of three minutes and twenty-one seconds in length.[39]
Entertainment Weekly identified the number as the film's "rambunctious peak."[40] According to Victoria Flanagan, author of Into the Closet: Gender and Cross-dressing in Children's Fiction: Cross-Dressing and the Gendered Body in Children's Literature and Film, "I'll Make a Man Out of You" is "a playful parody of conventional masculinity."[16] The lyric "I'll make a man out of you" is constantly repeated and reinforced by Shang.[35] According to author John Stephens of Ways of Being Male: Representing Masculinities in Children's Literature, the song's lyrics "initially define masculinity in opposition to femininity,"[21] with its first verse beginning, "Let's get down to business/To defeat the Huns/Did they send me daughters/When I asked for sons?"[27] Its chorus reads, "You must be swift as the coursing river/With all the force of the great typhoon/With all the strength of a raging fire/Mysterious as the dark side of the moon" which,[12] according to Ways of Being Male: Representing Masculinities in Children's Literature, "essentializes masculinity by asserting that it embodies the speed, strength and power of the natural world, and yet contains this within an aura of tranquility and mystery."[21] According to Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works, these lyrics "add a hint of darkness as they celebrate male prowess" by suggesting that one who has "acquired fiery strength" is also "untamed as the moon's dark side."[17] The song has been noted by the New York Post for its "slew of one-liners from supporting characters."[41] According to The Phoenix, Osmond performs the song's lyrics with "grit."[35] Meanwhile, the singer is backed up by a macho-sounding choir repeatedly chanting "Be a man!"[12][42]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan covered the song in Mandarin and Cantonese for the film's Chinese and special edition releases; Chan's rendition has been met with generally positive reviews.
"I'll Make a Man Out of You" has been met with mostly positive reviews from both film and music critics. Irving Tan of Sputnikmusic wrote, "there hasn't been a single chorus in all of post-Mulan pop music that has managed to rival the roaring power in the refrain."[12] Scott Chitwood of ComingSoon.net reviewed "I'll Make a Man Out of You" as "a stirring, testosterone filled piece," describing the scene as "amusing."[43] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that the song "has a comparable infectious punch," concluding, "it's the only song in the movie that escapes Disneyfied blandness."[40] Jeff Vice of the Deseret News observed that Wong and Osmond's "voices sound eerily similar."[8] Tom Henry of The Blade enjoyed Osmond's delivery, describing the singer's performance as "solid."[44] Lloyd Paseman of The Register-Guard called "I'll Make a Man Out of You" a favorite of his.[45] While exploring "The History of Movie Training Montages", Chris Giblin of Men's Fitness opined, "Mulan served as proof that the fitness montage can work amazingly well in movies for kids." Giblin continued, "it has the best lyrics of any serious fitness/sports montage song. Overall, a very strong montage."[46] Disney.com itself cites "I'll Make a Man Out of You" as a "song that was so epic, so legendary, that it requires an out loud sing along anytime we hear it."[28]
Despite dubbing the film's songs its "weak link," TV Guide wrote that the musical numbers are "crafted with a knowing, almost camp wink that's totally in keeping with the subtext of the film," concluding that "I'll Make a Man Out of You" sounds like a Village People song.[47] Writing for The Seattle Times, Moira Macdonald criticized Wilder and Zippel's songs as "forgettable," calling "I'll Make a Man Out of You" "annoying."[30] The Phoenix's Jeffrey Gantz wrote that "Donny Osmond shows some grit, but he's still the voice of the Whitebread West."[35] Amazon.ca's Jason Verlinde commented, "Unfortunately, the voice of Donny Osmond, relegated to anthems such as 'I'll Make a Man Out of You' doesn't really enhance the story line".[29]
Accolades and recognition[edit]
Total Film ranked "I'll Make a Man Out of You" twenty-ninth on its list of the "30 Best Disney Songs".[36] Similarly, M ranked the song twentieth on its list of the "Top 20 Disney Songs of All Time". Author Stephanie Osmanski cited "Did they send me daughters when I asked for sons?" as her favourite lyric.[48] Gregory E. Miller of the New York Post cited I'll Make a Man Out of You" as one of "The best (and the most underrated) Disney songs," writing, "Captain Shang’s battle-preparation anthem is the movie’s most quotable, with a memorable chorus and a slew of one-liners from supporting characters."[41] PopSugar ranked the song the nineteenth "Catchiest Disney Song".[49] On Empire's list of the twenty "Most Awesome Training Montages In Cinema History", "I'll Make a Man Out of You" was ranked 14th. The author identified it as "a solid training montage in which Mulan and her friends go from hapless duffers to fearless warriors in just over two minutes."[50] Similarly, Men's Fitness also ranked "I'll Make a Man Out of You" among the greatest training montages in film history.[46] Stephen Fiorentine of Sneaker Report wrote that "Training montages aren’t limited to just live-action movies. With movies like Mulan and Hercules, Disney mastered the art of the montage in their animated films."[51]
Covers and parodies[edit]
When Mulan was released in China, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan was hired to dub the voice of Shang and record "I'll Make a Man Out of You" in Mandarin and Cantonese.[52] The special edition DVD release of Mulan features a music video of Chan performing the song. The video also depicts Chan performing martial arts-inspired choreography. Positively received, Scott Chitwood of ComingSoon.net called Chan's rendition "a fun addition for Chan fans,"[43] while Nancy Churnin of The Dallas Morning News wrote that he performed the song "very ably."[53] Mexican singer Cristian Castro, who voiced Shang in the film's Latin American release,[54] recorded "I'll Make a Man Out of You" in Spanish, titled "Hombres de Acción serán hoy".[55][56]
In July 2013, a parody of the song was uploaded to YouTube titled "I'll Make a Mann Out Of You". The video uses the song with animation made in Source Filmmaker in which the Soldier from Team Fortress 2 motivates his fellow RED teammates against the BLU team. In October 2014, a parody of "I'll Make a Man Out of You" was uploaded to YouTube entitled "I'll Make a 'Mon Out of You".[57] A mashup of Mulan and the popular Pokémon franchise, the video features Digimon Gatomon attempting to masquerade as Pokémon Meowth in lieu of Mulan, while Ash occupies the role of Shang as his trainer, according to Smosh. Another parody of the song, based on the Dragon Ball franchise was uploaded to YouTube by TeamFourStar. [58]
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from the website Discogs.[59]
Donny Osmond – lead vocals
Lea Salonga, Eddie Murphy, Harvey Fierstein, Jerry Tondo and Matthew Wilder – additional vocals
Matthew Wilder – songwriting and producing
David Zippel – songwriting
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Noyer, Jérémie (August 14, 2008). "Tony Bancroft balances the yin and the yang in directing Mulan". Animated Views. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Simon, Ben (October 25, 2004). "Mulan: Special Edition". Animated Views. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stephen Schwartz comments" (PDF). Stephen Schwartz. Stephen Schwartz. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hill, Jim (October 1, 2008). ""Defying Gravity" details Stephen Schwartz's sometimes difficult dealings with the Walt Disney Company". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Laird, Paul R. (2014). The Musical Theater of Stephen Schwartz: From Godspell to Wicked and Beyond. United States: Scarecrow Press. p. 245. ISBN 9780810891920.
Jump up ^ Vancheri, Barbara (June 17, 1998). "Busy Donny Osmond makes a captain sing". Post-Gazette. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Barlow, David H. (2004). Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic. United States: Guilford Press. p. 454. ISBN 9781593850289.
^ Jump up to: a b Vice, Jeff (June 19, 1998). "Film review: Mulan". Deseret News. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Scheerer, Mark (July 8, 1998). "Donny Osmond rolls with the punches for 'Mulan' success". CNN. Cable News Network. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b McEwen, John R. (June 19, 1998). "MULAN". Film Quips Online. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Blackwelder, Rob (1998). "Forgettable songs no hinderance to Disney's marvelous new style in 'Mulan'". SPLICEDWIRE.com. SPLICEDwire. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Tan, Irving (December 22, 2010). "Soundtrack (Disney) – Mulan". Sputnikmusic. Sputnikmusic.com. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (June 19, 1998). "Mulan". RogerEbert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Roten, Robert (1998). "Mulan – Disney again shows why it is the master of a genre". Laramie Movie Scope. Robert Roten. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ DiMare, Pilip C. (2011). Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia. United States: ABC-CLIO. p. 1009. ISBN 9781598842975.
^ Jump up to: a b Flanagan, Victoria (2013). Into the Closet: Cross-Dressing and the Gendered Body in Children's Literature and Film. United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN 9781136777288.
^ Jump up to: a b c Frus, Phyllis; Williams, Christy (2010). Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Works. United States: McFarland. pp. 160–161. ISBN 9780786455782.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Athalya; Yee, Gale A (2013). Joshua and Judges. United States: Fortress Press. ISBN 9780800699376.
Jump up ^ Medina, Carmen L.; Vohlwend, Karen E. (2014). Literacy, Play and Globalization: Converging Imaginaries in Children's Critical and Cultural Performances. United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 86. ISBN 9781136193781.
Jump up ^ Kwok, Juanita; McKnight, Lucinda (2002). Film Asia: New Perspectives on Film for English. United States: Curriculum Press. p. 85. ISBN 9781863665438.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Stephens, John (2013). Ways of Being Male: Representing Masculinities in Children's Literature. United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 121–122. ISBN 9781135363840.
^ Jump up to: a b Cheu, Johnson (2013). Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability. United States: McFarland. p. 119. ISBN 9780786446018.
Jump up ^ The Representation of Gender in Walt Disney's "Mulan". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Putting the Grail Back into Girl Power: How a Girl Saved Camelot,...: ingentaconnect". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Brocklebank, Lisa (2000). "Disney's "Mulan"—the "True" Deconstructed Heroine?". Marvels & Tales. Wayne State University Press. 14 (2). Retrieved 30 October 2014.
Jump up ^ Dequina, Michael (June 4, 1998). "Mulan (G)". The Movie Report. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "I'll Make a Man Out of You By Donny Osmond - Digital Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Walt Disney Music Publishing. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "An Epic Breakdown of I'll Make a Man Out of You". Official Disney Blogs. Disney. 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Verlinde, Jason. "Mulan". Amazon.ca. Amazon.com, Inc. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Macdonald, Moira (June 19, 1998). "Disney's `Mulan': Surprising Words And Scenes - And Visual Beauty, Too". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Delia, John. ""Mulan" Comes to Blu-ray with a Double Feature (Video Review)". ACED Magazine. ACED Magazine. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hischak, Thomas S.; Robinson, Mark A. (2009). The Disney Song Encyclopedia. United States: Scarecrow Press. p. 94. ISBN 9780810869387.
Jump up ^ "Mulan". Filmtracks.com. Christian Clemmensen (Filmtracks Publications). June 2, 1998. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Stingl, Alexander I; Restivo, Sal; Weiss, Sabrina M (2014). Worlds of ScienceCraft: New Horizons in Sociology, Philosophy, and Science Studies. United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 81. ISBN 9781409445272.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gantz, Jeffrey (June 18, 1998). "True to its heart?". The Phoenix. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Winning, Josh (December 3, 2013). "30 Best Disney Songs". Total Film. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I'll Make a Man Out of You From Mulan - Digital Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Walt Disney Music Publishing. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sonja, Blum (2008). The Representation of Gender in Walt Disney's "Mulan". United Kingdom: Books on Demand. p. 15. ISBN 9783638946384.
Jump up ^ "Mulan (An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack) Various Artists". iTunes. Apple Inc. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Gleiberman, Owen (June 19, 1998). "Mulan (1998)". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly and Time Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Gregory E (March 18, 2014). "The best (and the most underrated) Disney songs". New York Post. NYP Holdings, Inc. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nachman, Brett (January 23, 2014). "Disney In Depth: 'Frozen' Soundtrack Review". Geeks of Doom. Creative Commons License. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Chitwood, Scott. "Mulan - Special Edition". ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media, LLC. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Henry, Tom (August 9, 1998). "MULAN (Soundtrack)". The Blade. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Paseman, Lloyd (July 2, 1998). "Eugene Register-Guard - Google News Archive Search". The Register-Guard. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Giblin, Chris. "The History of Movie Training Montages". Men's Fitness. Weider Publications, LLC. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mulan". TV Guide. CBS Interactive Inc. 1998. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Osmanski, Stephanie (January 9, 2014). "Top 20 Disney Songs of All Time". M. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pehanick, Maggie (June 10, 2014). "25 Disney Songs We Will Never Stop Singing". PopSugar. PopSugar, Inc. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Most Awesome Training Montages In Cinema History". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media Ltd. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fiorentine, Stephen (November 29, 2014). "Ranking the Best Workout Montages of All Time". Sneaker Report. Complex Media. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wynalda, Steve (September 5, 2014). "10 Awesome Facts About Jackie Chan". Listverse. Listverse Ltd. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Churnin, Nancy (November 9, 2004). "Hurray for a woman who follows her heart". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Christian Castro Biography". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster, Inc. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney's Mulan Latinamerica / Mulan Español O.S.T". freedb. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mulan Outside the U.S." OoCities. Retrieved October 29, 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ ""I'll Make a 'Mon Out of You" Is the Perfect Pokemon-Mulan Mashup". Dorkly. Connected Ventures, LLC. October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Make A 'Mon Out Of You (POKEMON MULAN PARODY)". Smosh. Defy Media, LLC. 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Matthew Wilder & David Zippel / Jerry Goldsmith – Disney's Mulan (An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack)". Discogs. Discogs. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
External links[edit]
Disney Sing-Along on YouTube (on Disney's official channel)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Disney's Mulan
Films
Mulan (1998)
Mulan II (2004)
Characters
Mulan
Other characters
Attractions and musicals
Mulan Jr.
Video games
Disney's Mulan
Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan
Music
"Honor to Us All"
"Reflection"
"I'll Make a Man Out of You"
"A Girl Worth Fighting For"
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27ll_Make_a_Man_Out_of_You&oldid=826016837"
Categories:
1990s ballads
1998 songs
Donny Osmond songs
Cristian Castro songs
1998 singles
Songs written by Matthew Wilder
Songs from Mulan
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from November 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Good articles
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 February 2018, at 18:48.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values:
/wiki/Li_Shang_(Mulan_character)
mw-redirect
Li Shang (Mulan character)

values:
/wiki/Yao,_Ling_and_Chien-Po
mw-redirect
Yao, Ling and Chien-Po

values:
/wiki/Hercules_(Disney_character)
mw-redirect
Hercules (Disney character)

values:
/wiki/Training_montage
mw-redirect
Training montage

values: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

values: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

values: width:220px width: 220px; position: relative;

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

values:
/wiki/Common_time
mw-redirect
Common time

values:
/wiki/Beats_per_minute
mw-redirect
Beats per minute

values:
/wiki/Power_ballad
mw-redirect
Power ballad

values:
/wiki/Military_song
mw-redirect
Military song

values:
/wiki/Chorus_(song)
mw-redirect
Chorus (song)

values:
/wiki/Background_singer
mw-redirect
Background singer

values:
/wiki/Film_critics
mw-redirect
Film critics

values:
/wiki/Music_critics
mw-redirect
Music critics

values:
/wiki/The_Blade_(Toledo)
mw-redirect
The Blade (Toledo)

values:
/wiki/TV_Guide_(magazine)
mw-redirect
TV Guide (magazine)

values:
/wiki/M_(magazine)
mw-redirect
M (magazine)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.freedb.org/freedb_search.php

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Songs written by Matthew Wilder

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/I%27ll_Make_a_Man_Out_of_You
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-I_ll_Make_a_Man_Out_of_You rootpage-I_ll_Make_a_Man_Out_of_You skin-vector action-view