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Jurassic Park
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This article is about the whole franchise. For the film, see Jurassic Park (film). For the novel by Michael Crichton, see Jurassic Park (novel). For other uses, see Jurassic Park (disambiguation).
Jurassic Park
Original film series logo, depicting the skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex.
Created by
Michael Crichton
Original work
Jurassic Park (1990)
Print publications
Novel(s)
Jurassic Park (1990)
The Lost World (1995)
Survivor (2001)
Prey (2001)
Flyers (2002)
Comics
See the comic books section
Films and television
Film(s)
Jurassic Park (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Jurassic Park III (2001)
Jurassic World (2015)
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)
Jurassic World 3 (2021)
Short film(s)
Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape (2016)
Lego Jurassic World: Employee Safety Video (2016)
Animated series
See the cancelled animated series section
Games
Video game(s)
See list of Jurassic Park video games
Audio
Soundtrack(s)
Jurassic Park (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Jurassic Park III (2001)
Jurassic World (2015)
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)
Miscellaneous
Theme park attractions
Jurassic Park: The Ride (1996)
Canopy Flyer (2010)
Dino-Soarin' (2010)
Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure (2010)
The Flying Dinosaur (2016)
Official website
http://www.jurassicworld.com/
Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. The dinosaurs escape confinement and terrorize the human characters. It began in 1990 when Universal Studios bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published.
The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation, which led to three sequels, although the third and fourth films were not based on novels as the first two were. Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film.
The Jurassic Park Ultimate Trilogy was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 25, 2011, in North America.[1] The first film was re-released in 3D on April 5, 2013.[2] Since 1996, several water rides based on the series have been opened at various Universal theme parks. On June 1, 2016, the first three films in the franchise were added to the Netflix streaming service,[3][4] but were removed on September 1, 2016.[5]
The fourth film, Jurassic World, was initially scheduled to be released in the summer of 2005, but was delayed numerous times and was ultimately released in June 2015. It became the first film that grossed over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend,[6] and has grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of all time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, however, this film is the second highest grossing in the franchise after Jurassic Park. An animated film, Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape, was released on October 18, 2016 with the home media release of Jurassic World, alongside a short film, Employee Safety Video.
A fifth film, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, is scheduled to be released on June 22, 2018. A sixth film, tentatively titled Jurassic World 3, is scheduled to be released on June 11, 2021. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Novels
2 InGen
3 Film series
3.1 Feature films
3.1.1 Jurassic Park (1993)
3.1.2 The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
3.1.3 Jurassic Park III (2001)
3.1.4 Jurassic World (2015)
3.1.5 Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)
3.1.6 Jurassic World 3 (2021)
3.2 Animated shorts
3.2.1 Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape (2016)
3.2.2 Lego Jurassic World: Employee Safety Video (2016)
3.3 Cast and crew
3.3.1 Principal cast
3.3.2 Crew
3.4 Reception
3.4.1 Box office performance
3.4.2 Critical and public response
3.4.3 Academy Awards
3.4.4 Grammy Awards
4 Comic books
4.1 Topps Comics
4.2 IDW Comics
5 Cancelled animated series
5.1 Escape from Jurassic Park (1993)
5.2 Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect (1997)
6 Video games
6.1 Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis
6.2 Jurassic Park: The Game
6.3 Lego Jurassic World
6.4 Jurassic World Evolution
7 Theme park rides
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Novels[edit]
Main articles: Jurassic Park (novel) and The Lost World (Crichton novel)
Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA.[8] After wrestling with this idea for a while, he came up with the idea of Jurassic Park.[9] Crichton worked on the idea for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting and a young boy as the main character.[8] Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult's point of view, which resulted in more positive feedback.[8]
Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER. Before the book was published, Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $1.5 million as well as a substantial percentage of the gross. Universal further paid Crichton $500,000 to adapt his own novel.[10] Warner Bros. and Tim Burton, Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner, and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante also bid for the rights,[11] but in May 1990, Universal eventually decided on Spielberg making the adaptation.[11] Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park, as it became a critical[12] and commercial[13] success.
After Jurassic Park was released to home video, Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel.[14] Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a movie adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World. Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[15] The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics.[14] The film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park began production in September 1996.[16]
InGen[edit]
In the novels, the fictional company InGen (International Genetic Technologies, Inc.) is based in Palo Alto, California and has one location in Europe.[nb 1] Nevertheless, most of InGen's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica.[nb 1][nb 2] While the first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method of cloning dinosaurs and other animals (including a quagga) using blood extracted from mosquitoes trapped in amber during various periods in time, ranging from the Mesozoic era to the 1800s.[nb 1] Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describe InGen as comparable to another "sleazy organization".[17] Other sources reference the company's receiving the baby T. rex as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in King Kong.[18] Ken Gelder describes InGen as "resolutely secretive, just like the firm in Grisham's novel".[19]
Film series[edit]
Feature films[edit]
Jurassic Park (1993)[edit]
Main article: Jurassic Park (film)
Theatrical poster for the 3D re-release of Jurassic Park.
Before Crichton's book was even published, studios such as Warner Bros., Columbia, TriStar, 20th Century Fox, and Universal had already begun bidding to acquire the picture rights. Spielberg, with the backing of Universal Studios, acquired the rights to the novel before its publication in 1990, and Crichton was hired by Universal Studios for an additional US $500,000 to adapt the novel into a proper screenplay. Malia Scotch Marmo, who was a writer on Spielberg's Hook, wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park but is not credited. David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters.
The film is set on Isla Nublar, the location of the theme park. When an incident with a velociraptor results in the death of an employee, Jurassic Park owner John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors. The specialists, paleontologist Alan Grant (Sam Neill), paleobotanist Ellie Sattler (Laura Dern), and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) are surprised to see the island park's main attraction are living, breathing dinosaurs, created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding/cloning. However, when lead programmer Dennis Nedry (Wayne Knight) shuts down the park's power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck, Martin Ferrero, B.D. Wong, Ariana Richards, Joseph Mazzello, and Samuel L. Jackson.
Jurassic Park is regarded as a landmark in the use of computer-generated imagery and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg.
Jurassic Park had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in the United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th Anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $1 billion mark at the worldwide box office.[20][21][22]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)[edit]
Main article: The Lost World: Jurassic Park
As soon as the novel (The Lost World) was published, a film was in pre-production, with a target release date of mid-1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film had mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Much like the first film, The Lost World made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles/characterizations of several protagonists.
When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to the park, Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) is called in by John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding (Julianne Moore) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow (Arliss Howard), has taken over his uncle's company and leads a team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite, Richard Schiff, Vince Vaughn, Vanessa Lee Chester, Peter Stormare, and a young Camilla Belle.
Jurassic Park III (2001)[edit]
Main article: Jurassic Park III
Joe Johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct.[23] Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000,[24] with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai.[25] It is the first Jurassic Park film not to be based on a novel. The film was a financial success but received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Most were split on whether the third installment was better or worse than its predecessor. The film once again suffered reviews mentioning little to no characterization.
When their son goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) hire Alan Grant (Sam Neill) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he's startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a super-predator, the Spinosaurus, which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys' son, the situation grows dire as Velociraptors (more intelligent than ever) hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola, Michael Jeter, Trevor Morgan, Mark Harelik, and Laura Dern.
Jurassic World (2015)[edit]
Main article: Jurassic World
Steven Spielberg devised a story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of Jurassic Park III.[26] In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script,[27] with the film's release scheduled for 2005.[28] Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003,[29] with the film's plot revolving around dinosaurs escaping to the mainland.[30][31][32] Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters,[32][33] while Keira Knightley was in talks for two separate roles.[34] In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script.[35][36] Sayles' first draft involved a team of Deinonychus being trained for use in rescue missions.[37][38][39] His second draft involved genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries.[40][41] Both drafts were scrapped. In 2006, a new script was being worked on.[42][43][44] Laura Dern was contacted to reprise her role, with the film expected for release in 2008.[45][46] The film was further delayed by the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[47] Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected.[48] Rise of the Planet of the Apes screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script.[49] In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer,[50][51] with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015.[52] The film was shot in 3D, and received generally positive reviews from critics and audience alike.[53]
The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built on the remains of the original park on Isla Nublar.[54] The film sees the park run by Simon Masrani (Irrfan Khan) and Masrani Corp, and features the return of Dr. Henry Wu (B. D. Wong) from the first film, who harbors a grudge against his former employer.[55] Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Jake Johnson star, while Vincent D'Onofrio portrayed the main antagonist, Vic Hoskins. The cast also includes Lauren Lapkus,[56] Ty Simpkins, Nick Robinson, Omar Sy, and Judy Greer. The primary dinosaur antagonist is Indominus rex, a genetically-modified hybrid of Tyrannosaurus rex and several other species, including Velociraptor, cuttlefish, and tree frog.[57]
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)[edit]
Main article: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
A sequel to Jurassic World is scheduled for release on June 22, 2018.[58][59] The film is being directed by J. A. Bayona, with a script written by Trevorrow and Connelly.[59][60] Frank Marshall, Pat Crowley, and Belén Atienza are producing the film,[61] with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers.[59] Óscar Faura is the film's cinematographer.[62] The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard,[59] B. D. Wong,[63] James Cromwell,[64] Ted Levine,[65] Justice Smith,[66] Geraldine Chaplin,[67] Daniella Pineda,[68] Toby Jones, Rafe Spall, and Isabella Sermon,[67] with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm.[69] In the film, former Jurassic World manager Claire Dearing creates an organization to save the dinosaurs of Isla Nublar from a volcanic eruption.[70] The dinosaurs are moved to an American estate, where they wind up being auctioned rather than saved. A hybrid dinosaur, the Indoraptor, escapes and terrorizes people at the estate.[71][72]
During early conversations on Jurassic World, Spielberg told Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made.[73] In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed: "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story."[74] Trevorrow, who said he would direct the film if asked,[74] later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in the series.[73] In May 2015, Trevorrow announced that he would not direct another film in the series: "I would be involved in some way, but not as director." Trevorrow felt that different directors could bring different qualities to future films.[75]
In June 2015, Trevorrow stated that Jurassic World left story possibilities open for the sequel's director that could potentially allow the film to take place in a different location, rather than on an island. Trevorrow hinted that the next film could involve dinosaurs being used by other companies for non-entertainment purposes, possibly in agriculture, medicine, and war:
"I really like the idea that this group of geneticists aren't the only people who can make a dinosaur [...] when you think of the differences between Apple and PC – the minute something goes open-source, there are all kinds of entities and interests that may be able to utilise that technology."[76]
Trevorrow later confirmed that the film would not involve "a bunch of dinosaurs chasing people on an island. That'll get old real fast".[77] Trevorrow also spoke of the film's possible open-source storyline: "It's almost like InGen is Mac, but what if PC gets their hands on it? What if there are 15 different entities around the world who can make a dinosaur?"[77]
Bayona was announced as director in April 2016.[61] Spielberg, Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy had been impressed by Bayona's 2012 film, The Impossible, and initially considered having him direct Jurassic World, but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production.[78] During pre-production, Bayona said he was reading all of Michael Crichton's novels, including Jurassic Park and The Lost World, "to try to immerse myself in Crichton's mind".[79] Filming began in February 2017.[80][81] Filming took place in Hawaii,[60] and at Pinewood Studios in England.[82] Filming was also planned to take place at Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales.[83] Filming concluded on July 8, 2017.[84]
Universal Pictures Home Entertainment in April 2018 announced that in time for the new film's theatrical opening, it would release a new boxed set of the four previous films on disc.[85] Available for the first time ever in 4K Ultra HD and featuring newly remastered versions of the films, The Jurassic Park 25th Anniversary Collection also includes Blu-ray Disc and Digital via the Movies Anywhere app. The set features book-style packaging and hours of bonus content, including deleted scenes, storyboards, interviews and behind-the-scenes featurettes.
Jurassic World 3 (2021)[edit]
In September 2015, Trevorrow said that Bryce Dallas Howard's character would evolve the most over the course of the Jurassic World trilogy that, in turn, is expected to conclude the storyline that began with the previous five films.[86] In October 2015, Frank Marshall confirmed plans for a sixth film in the series.[87] In November 2015, Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley said that Trevorrow and Spielberg have a story idea for the sixth film.[88] In September 2016, Bayona further confirmed that Trevorrow has plans for a Jurassic World trilogy.[89] That month, Trevorrow was asked how much planning he had put into a new trilogy while he was filming Jurassic World in 2014: "I knew the end. I knew where I wanted it to go."[60] Trevorrow later said that planning the beginning, middle, and end of the trilogy ahead of time "is crucial to a franchise like this if you really want to bring people along with you and make sure they stay interested. It needs to be thought through on that level. It can't be arbitrary [...] the earlier Jurassic Park movies had pretty clear definitive endings. They were much more episodic."[90] In March 2017, Laura Dern commented, "As I said to the people who are making the new series, 'If you guys make a last one, you gotta let Ellie Sattler come back.'"[91]
In February 2018, it was announced that the currently titled Jurassic World 3[92] would be released on June 11, 2021. It was also announced that Trevorrow would write the script with Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly; and that Trevorrow and Spielberg would serve as executive producers for the film, with Marshall and Crowley as producers.[93][94][95] On March 30, 2018, it was announced that Trevorrow would also direct the film,[96] at the request of Spielberg.[97] Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018. At the time, Trevorrow said that Pratt and Howard would reprise their roles from the previous films, and that "there's other characters who we'll meet in Fallen Kingdom you'll realize are major characters." Additionally, Trevorrow said that Jurassic World 3 would be a "science thriller," describing it as being the Jurassic World film that would most closely match the tone of Spielberg's original 1993 Jurassic Park film.[97] In May 2018, Trevorrow announced that the film would not feature any hybrid dinosaurs, which had prominent roles in the previous Jurassic World films.[98]
Animated shorts[edit]
Cover of the home media release of Jurassic World / Lego Jurassic World 2-Pack, containing The Indominus Escape and Employee Safety Video.
Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape (2016)[edit]
Over the course of five days from October 3, 2016 to October 7, 2016, an untitled five-part animated series based on Lego Jurassic World was released on the YouTube channels of Jurassic World and LEGO. In October 2016, the series was released as a 24-minute animated film entitled Lego Jurassic World: The Indominus Escape as part of a Jurassic World DVD bundle set, receiving shared billing alongside the 2015 film. The film marks the first time an animated film spin-off of Jurassic Park has been released.[99] The film is a prequel to Jurassic World, and features most of the primary adult characters on the island (with the exception of Barry and Zara) attempting to capture a hotdog-loving Indominus rex. Zachary Levi and Sendhil Ramamurthy joined Jake Johnson, Lauren Lapkus, Bryce Dallas Howard and B. D. Wong as voice actors. The film is directed by Michael D. Black, and[100] The film received a 36% audience score on Rotten Tomatoes.[101]
Lego Jurassic World: Employee Safety Video (2016)[edit]
With the home media release of The Indominus Escape, a short film, Lego Jurassic World: Employee Safety Video, was released, featuring B. D. Wong, David Gunning, Jake Johnson and Lauren Lapkus reprising their roles from The Indominus Escape. Like The Indominus Escape, the short is set before the events of Jurassic World.[102][99]
Cast and crew[edit]
Principal cast[edit]
Main article: List of Jurassic Park characters
List indicator(s)
This table shows the characters and the actors who have portrayed them throughout the franchise.
A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's presence in the film has not yet been announced.
A P indicates an appearance through photographs and/or likeness.
A V indicates a voice-only role.
Characters
Films
Jurassic Park
The Lost World:
Jurassic Park
Jurassic Park III
Jurassic World
Jurassic World:
Fallen Kingdom
Jurassic World 3
1993
1997
2001
2015
2018
2021
Dr. Alan Grant
Sam Neill Sam Neill
Dr. Ellie Sattler
Laura Dern Laura Dern
Dr. Ian Malcolm
Jeff Goldblum Jeff GoldblumP Jeff Goldblum
John Hammond
Richard Attenborough Richard AttenboroughP
Lex Murphy
Ariana Richards
Tim Murphy
Joseph Mazzello
Dr. Henry Wu
B. D. Wong B. D. Wong
Mr. DNA
Greg BursonV Colin TrevorrowV
Owen Grady
Chris Pratt[97]
Claire Dearing
Bryce Dallas Howard[97]
Dennis Nedry
Wayne Knight
Robert Muldoon
Bob Peck
Ray Arnold
Samuel L. Jackson
Donald Gennaro
Martin Ferrero
Lewis Dodgson
Cameron Thor
Dr. Harding
Jerry Molen
Dr. Sarah Harding
Julianne Moore
Kelly Curtis
Vanessa Lee Chester
Nick van Owen
Vince Vaughn
Roland Tembo
Pete Postlethwaite
Peter Ludlow
Arliss Howard
Ajay Sidhu
Harvey Jason
Dr. Robert Burke
Thomas F. Duffy
Dieter Stark
Peter Stormare
Carter
Thomas Rosales, Jr.
Eddie Carr
Richard Schiff
Paul Kirby
William H. Macy
Amanda Kirby
Téa Leoni
Billy Brennan
Alessandro Nivola
Eric Kirby
Trevor Morgan
Udesky
Michael Jeter
Nash
Bruce A. Young
Cooper
John Diehl
Ben Hildebrand
Mark Harelik
Gray Mitchell
Ty Simpkins
Zach Mitchell
Nick Robinson
Vic Hoskins
Vincent D'Onofrio
Simon Masrani
Irrfan Khan
Lowery Cruthers
Jake Johnson
Vivian
Lauren Lapkus
Barry
Omar Sy
Hamada
Brian Tee
Karen Mitchell
Judy Greer
Scott Mitchell
Andy Buckley
Zara Young
Katie McGrath
Benjamin Lockwood
James Cromwell
Ken Wheatley
Ted Levine
Franklin Webb
Justice Smith
TBA
Geraldine Chaplin
Zia Rodriguez
Daniella Pineda
Gunnar Eversol
Toby Jones
Eli Mills
Rafe Spall
Maisie Lockwood
Isabella Sermon
See also: List of cloned animals in Jurassic Park
Crew[edit]
Role
Jurassic Park
The Lost World:
Jurassic Park
Jurassic Park III
Jurassic World
Jurassic World:
Fallen Kingdom
Jurassic World 3
1993
1997
2001
2015
2018
2021
Director
Steven Spielberg Joe Johnston Colin Trevorrow J. A. Bayona Colin Trevorrow
Producer
Kathleen Kennedy Colin Wilson Kathleen Kennedy
Larry J. Franco Frank Marshall
Patrick Crowley Belén Atienza
Frank Marshall
Patrick Crowley Frank Marshall
Patrick Crowley
Gerald R. Molen
Screenplay
Michael Crichton
David Koepp David Koepp Peter Buchman
Alexander Payne
Jim Taylor Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Derek Connolly
Colin Trevorrow Derek Connolly
Colin Trevorrow Emily Carmichael
Colin Trevorrow
Composer
John Williams Don Davis Michael Giacchino TBA
John Williams
(original themes)
Editor
Michael Kahn Robert Dalva Kevin Stitt Bernat Vilaplana[103]
Cinematographer
Dean Cundey Janusz Kamiński Shelly Johnson John Schwartzman Óscar Faura
Production designer
Rick Carter Edward Verreaux Andy Nicholson
Based on
Jurassic Park
by Michael Crichton The Lost World
by Michael Crichton Characters by Michael Crichton
Production companies
Amblin Entertainment Legendary Entertainment
Amblin Entertainment Amblin Entertainment[104]
Distributor
Universal Pictures
Running time
127 minutes 129 minutes 92 minutes 124 minutes 128 minutes TBA
Released
June 11, 1993 May 23, 1997 July 18, 2001 June 12, 2015 June 22, 2018 June 11, 2021
Reception[edit]
Box office performance[edit]
Film
Release date
Budget
Box office gross
Box office ranking
Reference
North America
Other territories
Worldwide
All-time
North America
All-time
worldwide
Jurassic Park June 11, 1993 $63 million $402,453,882 $626,700,000 $1,029,153,882 #28 #27 [105]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park May 23, 1997 $73 million $229,086,679 $389,552,320 $618,638,999 #139 #131 [106]
Jurassic Park III July 18, 2001 $93 million $181,171,875 $187,608,934 $368,780,809 #229 #303 [107]
Jurassic World June 12, 2015 $150 million $652,270,625 $1,019,442,583 $1,671,713,208 #5 #5 [108]
Total
$379 million
$1,464,983,061
$2,223,303,837
$3,688,286,898
[109]
Critical and public response[edit]
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
CinemaScore
Jurassic Park 92% (121 reviews)[110] 68 (20 reviews)[111] A[112]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park 53% (68 reviews)[113] 59 (18 reviews)[114] B+[112]
Jurassic Park III 50% (162 reviews)[115] 42 (30 reviews)[116] B-[112]
Jurassic World 71% (311 reviews)[117] 59 (49 reviews)[118] A[112]
Academy Awards[edit]
Award
Film
Jurassic Park
The Lost World:
Jurassic Park
Sound Editing Won
Sound Mixing Won
Visual Effects Won Nominated
Grammy Awards[edit]
Award
Film
Jurassic Park
The Lost World:
Jurassic Park
Best Score Soundtrack Nominated Nominated
Comic books[edit]
Topps Comics[edit]
From June 1993 to August 1997 the now-defunct Topps Comics published comic adaptions of Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park, as well as several tie-in series.
Jurassic Park #0–4 (June–September 1993). Adaptation of the film, adapted by Walter Simonson and pencilled by Gil Kane.[119] Each issue had two covers – a main cover by Gil Kane, with the variant by Dave Cockrum. Issue #0 features two prequel stories to the film, and was only available with the trade paperback of the film adaption.
Jurassic Park: Raptor #1–2 (November–December 1993). Written by Steve Englehart and pencilled by Armando Gil and Dell Barras.
Jurassic Park: Raptors Attack #1–4 (March–June 1994). Written by Steve Englehart, pencilled by Armando Gil (#1) and Chaz Truog, with covers by Michael Golden.
Jurassic Park: Raptors Hijack #1–4 (July–October 1994). Written by Steve Englehart, pencilled by Neil Vokes, with covers by Michael Golden.
Jurassic Park: Annual #1 (May 1995). Featuring two stories, one being a sequel and one being a prequel. Written by Bob Almond, Michael Golden and Renée Witterstaetter, pencilled by Claude St. Aubin and Ed Murr, with a cover by Michael Golden.
Return to Jurassic Park #1–9 (April 1995 – February 1996). Ongoing series. The first four issues were written by Steve Englehart and pencilled by Joe Staton. The next four issues were written by Tom Bierbaum and Mary Bierbaum, being drawn by Armando Gil. The first 8 issues had covers by Michael Golden. The ninth and final issue was a jam book written by Keith Giffen and Dwight Jon Zimmerman, featuring artwork by such acclaimed artists as Jason Pearson, Adam Hughes, Paul Gulacy, John Byrne, Kevin Maguire, Mike Zeck, George Pérez and Paul Chadwick, with a cover by John Bolton.
The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 (May–August 1997). Adaptation of the second film. Adapted by Don McGregor and pencilled by Jeff Butler (#1–2) and Claude St. Aubin (#3–4). Each issue of the series featured two covers – one by Walter Simonson and a photo cover.
IDW Comics[edit]
Beginning in June 2010, IDW Publishing began publishing Jurassic Park comics. They also acquired the rights to reprint the issues published by Topps in the 1990s, which they began to do in trade paperback format starting in November 2010. After a four-year hiatus, IDW announced a comic series based on Jurassic World that was to be released in 2017.[120]
Jurassic Park: Redemption #1–5 (June 2010 – October 2010). Five-issue series written by Bob Schreck with art by Nate van Dyke. Each issue has a main cover penciled by Tom Yeates, with variant covers by Frank Miller, Arthur Adams, Paul Pope, Bernie Wrightson, and Bill Stout, respectively.
Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert #1–4 (January 2011 – April 2011) Four-issue series written and illustrated by John Byrne.
Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games #1–5 (September 2011 – January 2012) Five-issue series written by Greg Bear and Erik Bear, with art by Jorge Jiménez and a variant cover by Geof Darrow.
This series has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:
Title
Material collected
No. of Pages
ISBN
Jurassic Park Jurassic Park #1–4 1-85286-502-4
The Lost World: Jurassic Park The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 1-85286-885-6
Jurassic Park Vol. 1: Redemption Jurassic Park Redemption #1–5 120 pages 1-60010-850-4
Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert #1–4 104 pages 1-60010-923-3
Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games #1–5 112 pages 1-61377-002-2
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 1 Jurassic Park #1–4 104 pages 1-60010-760-5
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 2: Raptors' Revenge
Juassic Park #0, Jurassic Park: Raptor #1–2, Jurassic Park: Raptors Attack #1–4 192 pages 1-60010-885-7
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 3: Amazon Adventure! Jurassic Park: Raptors Hijack #1–4, Jurassic Park: Annual #1 124 pages 1-61377-042-1
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 4: Return to Jurassic Park, Part 1 Return to Jurassic Park #1–4 128 pages 1-61377-117-7
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 5: Return to Jurassic Park, Part 2 Return to Jurassic Park #5–9 108 pages 978-1613775332
Classic Jurassic Park Volume 6: The Lost World The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 104 pages 978-1613779156
Cancelled animated series[edit]
Escape from Jurassic Park (1993)[edit]
In June 1993, after the theatrical release of Jurassic Park, spokesmen for Amblin and MCA confirmed that an animated series based on the film was in development and awaiting Spielberg's final approval.[121] The series, titled Escape from Jurassic Park,[122] would have consisted of 23 episodes for its first season. The series would have centered on John Hammond's attempts to finish Jurassic Park and open it to the public, while InGen's corporate rival Biosyn is simultaneously planning to open their own dinosaur theme park in Brazil, which ultimately ends with their dinosaurs escaping into the jungles.[123][124][125]
If produced, it was believed that the project would be the most expensive animated series up to that time. Jeff Segal, president of Universal Cartoon Studios, said, "We are developing a TV series that we anticipate would be computer animated and very sophisticated. However, Spielberg has not had a chance yet to look at either the material or the format for the series."[121] Segal said Universal was considering the possibility of developing the series for prime time. Segal said about the series' storyline, "It would essentially pick up from the closing moments of the movie and it would continue the story in a very dramatic way. The intention would be to continue with the primary characters and also introduce new characters." Segal also said the series would be aimed specifically at the same target audience as the film, while hoping that it would also appeal to young children.[121]
Animation veteran and comic artist Will Meugniot (then working at Universal Cartoon Studios for various projects, including Exosquad) contacted artist William Stout to ask if he would be interested in designing the animated series. According to Stout, "This was not going to be a kiddy show (although kids of all ages, including myself, could enjoy it). They wanted the show to be a mature prime time series with top writers and state-of-the-art television animation augmented with quite a bit of CG animation." Universal Animation Studios wanted the show to have the look of a graphic novel.[126]
Stout was hired to work on the series and subsequently made a trailer to demonstrate how the series would look, and how it would combine traditional animation with computer animation. The series required Spielberg's final approval before it could go into production. However, Spielberg had grown tired of the massive promotion and merchandise revolving around the film, and never watched the trailer.[126] On July 13, 1993, Margaret Loesch, president of the Fox Children's Network, confirmed that discussions had been held with Spielberg about an animated version of the film. Loesch also said, "At least for now and in the foreseeable future, there will not be an animated Jurassic Park. That's Steven Spielberg's decision, and we respect that decision."[127]
Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect (1997)[edit]
Part three of the four-part comic adaptation of The Lost World: Jurassic Park, published by Topps Comics in July 1997, confirmed to readers that a cartoon series based on the film was in development.[128][129] In November 1997, it was reported that the cartoon would be accompanied by Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect, a series of dinosaur toys produced by Kenner and based on a premise that scientists had created dinosaur hybrids consisting of DNA from different creatures.[130][131] The new toys were based on the upcoming cartoon.[130] That month, it was also reported that the cartoon could be ready by March 1998, as a mid-season replacement.[130] The Chaos Effect toyline was released in June 1998,[131] but the animated series was never produced, for unknown reasons.[132]
In the short-lived toyline, the dinosaurs in this line are the results of scientists combining the DNA of dinosaurs with other dinosaurs and modern day animals. The following dinosaurs are in this category:
Amargospinus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of an Amargasaurus and a Spinosaurus.
Ankyloranodon – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of an Ankylosaurus and a Pteranodon.
Compstegnathus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Compsognathus, a Stegosaurus, and an African tree frog.
Deinonycanis – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Deinonychus and a dire wolf. Its toy was not released when the toyline stopped production.
Dilophospinus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Dilophosaurus and a Spinosaurus. Its toy was not released when the toyline stopped production.
Omega T-Rex – A genetically-advanced Tyrannosaurus where it does not have any of the Tyrannosaurus weaknesses.
Pachysaurolophus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Pachycephalosaurus and a Parasaurolophus. Its toy was not released when the toyline stopped production.
Paradeinonychus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Parasaurolophus and a Deinonychus.
Raptor Alpha – A genetically-advanced Velociraptor that specializes in hunting at night due to its camouflage ability working best at night.
Stegospinus – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Stegosaurus and a Spinosaurus. Its toy was not released when the toyline stopped production.
Tanaconda – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Tanystropheus and an anaconda.
Thrasher T-Rex – A genetically-advanced Tyrannosaurus that is similar to Omega T-Rex.
Tyrannonops – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Tyrannosaurus and a Lycaenops.
Ultimasaurus – A hybrid dinosaur that has the upper jaw of a Triceratops, the lower jaw and body of a Tyrannosaurus, the arms and legs of a Velociraptor, the back armor of an Ankylosaurus, and the spike-tipped tail of a Stegosaurus.
Velociraptoryx – A hybrid dinosaur created from the DNA of a Velociraptor and an Archaeopteryx.
Video games[edit]
Main article: List of Jurassic Park video games
When the first film was released in 1993, two different video game publishers were given the rights to publish games based on it, Sega and Ocean Software. Both produced several different games based on the film for several different game systems, including the NES and Sega Genesis. In 1994, Ocean Software produced a sequel to the first game in the series for the Game Boy and SNES systems. Universal Interactive also produced an interactive game for the ill-fated 3DO system.
For the second film in the franchise, DreamWorks Interactive released five games for the most popular systems at the time. The third film had the biggest marketing push, spawning seven video games for PC and Game Boy Advance. A number of lightgun arcade games were also released for all three films.
Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis[edit]
Main article: Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis
Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis is a tycoon-style video game. The objective of the game is to fulfill Hammond's dream of building a five-star theme park with dinosaurs. It was released 2003 for the Xbox, PlayStation 2 and PC.
Jurassic Park: The Game[edit]
Main article: Jurassic Park: The Game
Jurassic Park: The Game is an episodic video game based on the Jurassic Park franchise, bridging the story of the first two films developed by Telltale Games in a deal with Universal.[133] It was released on November 15, 2011 to a mixed reception, with reviewers praising the story but criticizing the characters and gameplay.[clarification needed] The game takes place during and after the events of the original film, and follows a new group of survivors trying to escape Isla Nublar. The game features several creatures from the film, as well as new additions like Troodon and a Tylosaurus. The game is available on PC, Mac, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and iPad.
Lego Jurassic World[edit]
Main article: Lego Jurassic World
Lego Jurassic World is a 2015 Lego action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Xbox One, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It followed the plots of the series' four films, including Jurassic Park, and was released on June 12, 2015.
Jurassic World Evolution[edit]
Main article: Jurassic World Evolution
Jurassic World Evolution is an upcoming business simulation game developed and published by Frontier Developments. The game tasks players with constructing and managing their own Jurassic World theme park. The game features the series' fictional Muertes Archipelago, including Isla Nublar and Isla Sorna. Jurassic World Evolution is slated for release on June 12, 2018.[134]
Theme park rides[edit]
On June 21, 1996, Universal Studios Hollywood opened Jurassic Park: The Ride. Universal Studios Japan later opened this attraction, and Universal's Islands of Adventure opened Jurassic Park River Adventure. The rides are heavily themed on the first three films. Another ride based on the series has also been opened at Universal Studios Singapore (Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure).
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c As described in the novels.
Jump up ^ As described in the films, Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Finkelstein, Dan (November 11, 1997). "Chaos Effect". Dan's The Lost World Page. Archived from the original on September 9, 1999.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chaos Effect". JPToys.com. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Interview With Tim Bradley". JPToys.com. March 1, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kollar, Phil (June 8, 2010). "Telltale Creating Episodic Jurassic Park Game". GameInformer.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Lucy (March 29, 2018). "Jurassic World Evolution Gets Official Digital, Physical Release Date: Life finds a way on June 12 and July 3". IGN. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
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Works by Michael Crichton
Novels
The Andromeda Strain (1969)
The Terminal Man (1972)
The Great Train Robbery (1975)
Eaters of the Dead (1976)
Congo (1980)
Sphere (1987)
Jurassic Park (1990)
Rising Sun (1992)
Disclosure (1994)
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State of Fear (2004)
Next (2006)
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Micro (2011)
Dragon Teeth (2017)
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under pseudonyms
Odds On (1966)
Scratch One (1967)
Easy Go (1968)
A Case of Need (1968)
Zero Cool (1969)
The Venom Business (1969)
Drug of Choice (1970)
Dealing: or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1970)
Grave Descend (1970)
Binary (1972)
Non-fiction
Five Patients (1970)
Jasper Johns (1977)
Electronic Life (1983)
Travels (1988)
Films directed
Pursuit (1972)
Westworld (1973)
Coma (1978)
The First Great Train Robbery (1979)
Looker (1981)
Runaway (1984)
Physical Evidence (1989)
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Extreme Close-Up (1973)
Jurassic Park (1993)
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ER (1994–2009)
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Adaptations
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Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1972)
The Carey Treatment (1972)
Pursuit (1972)
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Rising Sun (1993)
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Congo (1995)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Sphere (1998)
The 13th Warrior (1999)
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The Andromeda Strain (2008)
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Amazon (1984)
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