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Once Upon a Time in the West
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This article is about the spaghetti western film. For other uses, see Once Upon a Time in the West (disambiguation).
Once Upon a Time in the West
US film poster by Frank McCarthy
Italian
C'era una volta il West
Directed by
Sergio Leone
Produced by
Fulvio Morsella
Bino Cicogna
Screenplay by
Sergio Donati
Sergio Leone
Story by
Dario Argento
Bernardo Bertolucci
Sergio Leone
Starring
Claudia Cardinale
Henry Fonda
Jason Robards
Charles Bronson
Gabriele Ferzetti
Music by
Ennio Morricone
Cinematography
Tonino Delli Colli
Edited by
Nino Baragli
Production
company
Rafran Cinematografica
Finanzia San Marco
Paramount Pictures
Distributed by
Euro International Film (Italy)
Paramount Pictures (United States)
Release date
21 December 1968 (1968-12-21) (Italy)
Running time
165 minutes
Country
Italy
United States
Spain
Language
English
Budget
$5 million
Box office
$5,321,508 (US)[1]
14,873,804 admissions (France)[2]
Once Upon a Time in the West (Italian: C'era una volta il West)[3] is a 1968 epic Spaghetti Western film co-written and directed by Sergio Leone. It stars Henry Fonda, cast against type, as the villain,[4] Charles Bronson as his nemesis, Claudia Cardinale as a newly widowed homesteader, and Jason Robards as a bandit. The screenplay was written by Sergio Donati and Leone, from a story by Dario Argento, Bernardo Bertolucci and Leone. The widescreen cinematography was by Tonino Delli Colli, and the acclaimed film score was by Ennio Morricone.
After directing The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Leone decided to retire from Westerns and desired to produce his film based on The Hoods, which eventually became Once Upon a Time in America. However, Leone accepted an offer from Paramount Pictures to provide access to Henry Fonda and to use a budget to produce another Western film. He recruited Bertolucci and Argento to devise the plot of the film in 1966, researching other Western films in the process. After Clint Eastwood turned down an offer to play the movie's protagonist, Bronson was offered the role. During production, Leone recruited Donati to rewrite the script due to concerns over time limitations.
The original version by the director was 166 minutes (2 hours and 46 minutes) when it was first released on December 21, 1968. This was the version that was to be shown in European cinemas and was a box office success. For the US release on May 28, 1969, Once Upon a Time in the West was edited down to 145 minutes (2 hours and 25 minutes) by Paramount and was a financial flop. The film is considered by some[who?] to be the first installment in Leone's Once Upon a Time Trilogy, followed by Duck, You Sucker!, called Once Upon a Time... the Revolution in parts of Europe, and Once Upon a Time in America, though the films do not share any characters in common.
The film is now generally acknowledged as a masterpiece and one of the greatest films ever made.[5] In 2009, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically or aesthetically significant”.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Origins
3.2 Style and pacing
3.3 Locations
3.4 Casting
3.5 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Accolades
5 Releases
5.1 European release
5.2 American release
5.3 Director's cut
5.4 Home video releases
6 Film references
7 Notes
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The film portrays two conflicts that take place around Flagstone, a fictional town in the American Old West: a land battle related to construction of a railroad, and a mission of vengeance against a cold-blooded killer. A struggle exists for Sweetwater, a piece of land near Flagstone containing the region's only water source. The land was bought by Brett McBain (Frank Wolff), who foresaw that the railroad would have to pass through that area to provide water for the steam locomotives. When crippled railroad tycoon Morton (Gabriele Ferzetti) learns of this, he sends his hired gun Frank (Henry Fonda) to intimidate McBain to move off the land, but Frank instead kills McBain and his three children, planting evidence to frame the bandit Cheyenne (Jason Robards). It appears the land has no owner; however, a former prostitute (Claudia Cardinale) arrives from New Orleans, revealing she is Jill McBain, Brett's new wife and the owner of the land.
Meanwhile, a mysterious harmonica-playing gunman (Charles Bronson), whom Cheyenne later dubs "Harmonica", pursues Frank. In the film's opening scene, Harmonica kills three men sent by Frank to kill him. In a roadhouse on the way to Sweetwater, he informs Cheyenne that the three gunfighters appeared to be posing as Cheyenne's men.
Back at Sweetwater, construction materials are delivered to build a railroad station and a small town. Harmonica explains that Jill will lose Sweetwater unless the station is built by the time the track's construction crews reach that point, so Cheyenne puts his men to work building it.
Frank turns against Morton, who wanted to make a deal with Jill; Morton's disability makes him unable to fight back. After raping Jill, Frank forces her to sell the property in an auction. He tries to buy the farm cheaply by intimidating the other bidders, but Harmonica arrives, holding Cheyenne at gunpoint and makes a much higher bid based on his reward money for delivering Cheyenne to the authorities. Harmonica rebuffs an offer by Frank to buy the farm from him for one dollar more than he paid at the auction. As Cheyenne is placed on a train bound for the Yuma prison, two members of his gang purchase one-way tickets for the train, intending to help him escape.
Frank's men betray and ambush him, having been paid by Morton to turn against him, but—much to Jill's outrage—Harmonica helps Frank kill them, intending to kill Frank himself. Frank returns to Morton, only to find that he and the rest of Frank's men have been killed in a battle with Cheyenne's gang. Frank then goes to Sweetwater to confront Harmonica. On two occasions, Frank has asked Harmonica who he is, but both times Harmonica refused to answer him. Instead, he mysteriously quoted names of men Frank has murdered. This time, Harmonica says he will reveal who he is "only at the point of dying". The two men position themselves for a gun duel, at which point Harmonica's motive for revenge is revealed in a flashback:
A younger Frank, already a cruel bandit, is forcing a boy to support on his shoulders his older brother, whose neck is in a noose strung from an arch. As the boy struggles to hold his brother's weight, Frank stuffs a harmonica into the boy's mouth and tells him to play. The older brother curses Frank and kicks his young brother away and dies. The boy (Harmonica) collapses onto the ground clutching the harmonica in his mouth.
Harmonica draws first and shoots Frank. As he lies dying, Frank again asks who he is, and Harmonica stuffs his harmonica into Frank's mouth, like Frank did to him when he was a child. Frank suddenly remembers Harmonica as a boy, collapses to the ground clutching the harmonica in his mouth and dies. Harmonica and Cheyenne say goodbye to Jill, who is supervising construction of the railway station as the track-laying crews reach Sweetwater. Cheyenne collapses, revealing that he was mortally wounded by Morton during the fight with Frank's gang. As the work train arrives, Jill carries water to the rail workers, while Harmonica rides away with Cheyenne's dead body.
Cast[edit]
Claudia Cardinale as Jill McBain
Henry Fonda as Frank
Jason Robards as Manuel "Cheyenne" Gutiérrez
Charles Bronson as "Harmonica"
Gabriele Ferzetti as Mr. Morton
Paolo Stoppa as Sam, the Coachman
Marco Zuanelli as Wobbles
Keenan Wynn as the Sheriff of Flagstone
Frank Wolff as Brett McBain
Lionel Stander as the barman
Woody Strode as Stony, first gunman
Jack Elam as Snaky, second gunman
Al Mulock as Knuckles, third gunman
Enzo Santaniello as Timmy McBain
Simonetta Santaniello as Maureen McBain
Stefano Imparato as Patrick McBain
Antonio Palombi as the old Stationmaster
Claudio Mancini as "Harmonica"'s brother
David Ray Yazzie as young "Harmonica"
Michael Harvey as Frank's Lieutenant
Benito Stefanelli as Frank's Lieutenant
Aldo Sambrell as Cheyenne's Lieutenant
With the death of Gabriele Ferzetti in 2015,[7] Claudia Cardinale is the sole surviving member of the film's main cast.
Production[edit]
Origins[edit]
After making his American Civil War epic The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Leone had intended to retire from making Westerns, believing he had said all he wanted to say. He had come across the novel The Hoods by the pseudonymous "Harry Grey", an autobiographical book based on the author's own experiences as a Jewish hood during Prohibition, and planned to adapt it into a film (this would eventually, seventeen years later, become his final film, Once Upon a Time in America). Leone though was offered only Westerns by the Hollywood studios. United Artists (who had produced the Dollars Trilogy) offered him the opportunity to make a film starring Charlton Heston, Kirk Douglas and Rock Hudson, but Leone refused. However, when Paramount offered Leone a generous budget along with access to Henry Fonda—his favorite actor, and one whom he had wanted to work with for virtually all of his career—Leone accepted the offer.
Leone commissioned Bernardo Bertolucci and Dario Argento—both of whom were film critics before becoming directors—to help him develop the film in late 1966. The men spent much of the following year watching and discussing numerous classic Westerns such as High Noon, The Iron Horse, The Comancheros, and The Searchers at Leone's house, and constructed a story made up almost entirely of "references" to American Westerns.
Ever since The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, which originally ran for three hours, Leone's films were usually cut (often quite dramatically) for box office release. Leone was very conscious of the length of Once Upon a Time in the West during filming and later commissioned Sergio Donati, who had worked on several of Leone's other films, to help him refine the screenplay, largely to curb the length of the film towards the end of production. Many of the film's most memorable lines of dialogue came from Donati, or from the film's English dialogue adapter, expatriate American actor Mickey Knox.[8]
Style and pacing[edit]
For Once Upon a Time in the West, Leone changed his approach over his earlier Westerns. Whereas the "Dollars" films were quirky and up-tempo, a celebratory yet tongue-in-cheek parody of the icons of the Wild West, this film is much slower in pace and sombre in theme. Leone's distinctive style, which is very different from, but very much influenced by, Akira Kurosawa's Sanshiro Sugata (1943), is still present but has been modified for the beginning of Leone's second trilogy, the so-called Once Upon a Time Trilogy. The characters in this film are also beginning to change markedly over their predecessors in the Dollars Trilogy. They are not quite as defined and, unusual for Leone characters up to this point, they begin to change (or at least attempt to) over the course of the story. This signals the start of the second phase of Leone's style, which would be further developed in Duck, You Sucker! and Once Upon a Time in America.
The film features long, slow scenes in which there is very little dialogue and little happens, broken by brief and sudden violence. Leone was far more interested in the rituals preceding violence than in the violence itself. The tone of the film is consistent with the arid semi-desert in which the story unfolds, and imbues it with a feeling of realism that contrasts with the elaborately choreographed gunplay.
Sergio Leone liked to tell the story of a cinema in Paris where the film ran uninterrupted for two years. When he visited this theatre, he was surrounded by fans who wanted his autograph, as well as the projectionist, who was less than enthusiastic. Leone claimed the projectionist told him "I kill you! The same movie over and over again for two years! And it's so SLOW!"[9]
Locations[edit]
Monument Valley, Utah
Most of the film was shot in Cinecittà studios, Rome. The brick arch where Bronson's character flashbacks to his youth and the original lynching incident was built near a small airport fifteen miles north of Monument Valley, in Utah and two miles from U.S. Route 163 (which links Gouldings Lodge and Mexican Hat). The opening sequence with the three gunmen meeting the train was one of the sequences filmed in Spain. Shooting for scenes at Cattle Corner Station, as the location was called in the story, was scheduled for four days and was filmed at the 'ghost' train station in the municipality of La Calahorra, county of Gaudix, near Guadix, in the Province of Granada, Spain, as were the scenes of Flagstone, and shooting for the scenes in the middle of the railway were filmed along the Guadix - Hernan Valle railway line.[10][11][12]
Casting[edit]
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Fonda did not accept Leone's first offer to play Frank, so Leone flew to New York to convince him, telling him: "Picture this: the camera shows a gunman from the waist down pulling his gun and shooting a running child. The camera tilts up to the gunman's face and...it's Henry Fonda." After meeting with Leone, Fonda called his friend Eli Wallach, who had co-starred in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Wallach advised Fonda to do the film, telling him "You will have the time of your life."
When he accepted the role, Fonda came to the set with brown contacts and facial hair. Fonda felt having dark eyes and facial hair would blend well with his character's evil and also help the audience to accept this "new" Fonda as the bad guy, but Leone immediately told him to remove the contacts and facial hair. Leone felt that Fonda's blue eyes best reflected the cold, icy nature of the killer. It was one of the first times in a Western film where the villain would be played by the lead actor.
Leone originally offered the role of Harmonica to Clint Eastwood; when he turned it down, Leone hired Charles Bronson who had originally been offered and turned down the part of the Man with No Name in A Fistful of Dollars. James Coburn was also approached for Harmonica, but demanded too much money.
Robert Ryan was offered the role of the Sheriff played by Keenan Wynn. Ryan initially accepted, but backed out after being given a larger role in Sam Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch.
Enrico Maria Salerno and Robert Hossein were both offered the role of Morton before Gabriele Ferzetti was cast; Hossein had accepted, but had to drop out for a theatre commitment. Ferzetti, who considers it one of his best roles, referred to his casting as "Fate, Destiny" in an interview for the DVD release.
Actor Al Mulock (featured as Knuckles in the opening train sequence, as well as in Leone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly) committed suicide during shooting of the film by leaping from his Guadix hotel room in full costume. Frank Wolff, the actor who plays McBain, also committed suicide in a Rome hotel in 1971.
Following the film's completion, Once Upon a Time in the West was dubbed into several languages, including Italian, French, German, Spanish and English. For the English dub, the voices of much of the American cast, including Fonda, Bronson, Jason Robards, Jack Elam, Wynn, Wolff and Lionel Stander, were used. However, the rest of the cast had to be dubbed by other actors, including Ferzetti, who was dubbed by actor Bernard Grant (who is believed to have voiced Gian Maria Volontè and Aldo Giuffrè in the Dollars Trilogy), and Claudia Cardinale, who was voiced by Grant's wife, Joyce Gordon.[13]
Music[edit]
Main article: Once Upon a Time in the West (soundtrack)
The music was written by composer Ennio Morricone, Leone's regular collaborator, who wrote the score under Leone's direction before filming began. As in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, the haunting music contributes to the film's grandeur and, like the music for The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, is considered one of Morricone's greatest compositions.
The film features leitmotifs that relate to each of the main characters (each with their own theme music) as well as to the spirit of the American West.[14] Especially compelling are the wordless vocals by Italian singer Edda Dell'Orso during the theme music for the Claudia Cardinale character. It was Leone's desire to have the music available and played during filming. Leone had Morricone compose the score before shooting started and would play the music in the background for the actors on set.[14]
Except for about a minute of the "Judgment" motif, before Harmonica kills the three outlaws, no soundtrack music is played until at the end of the second scene, when Henry Fonda makes his first entry. During the beginning of the film, Leone instead uses a number of natural sounds, for instance a turning wheel in the wind, sound of a train, grasshoppers, shotguns while hunting, wings of pigeons, etc., in addition to the harmonica played by Bronson's character, since that sound is "explained" by the fact that the sound of the harmonica is diegetic rather than a true soundtrack.
Reception[edit]
Though less popular in the US than the earlier Dollars Trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West has gained a cult following around the world, particularly among cineastes and filmmakers. In the late 1960s and 1970s, it was re-evaluated by young filmmakers and critics, many of whom called it a masterpiece. Directors including Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, George Lucas, John Carpenter, Vince Gilligan,[15] and John Boorman have spoken about the influence that the film had on them. It is now considered one of the greatest films ever made and some critics consider it to be the finest Western and Sergio Leone's finest accomplishment as a director. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 56 critics and gave the film a score of 98%. Once Upon a Time in the West can be found on numerous film polls and 'best of' lists.
Accolades[edit]
Time named Once Upon a Time in the West as one of the 100 greatest films of all-time.[16]
In They Shoot Pictures, Don't They's list of the 1000 Greatest Films, Once Upon a Time in the West is placed at number 62.[17]
Total Film magazine placed Once Upon a Time in the West in their special edition issue of the 100 Greatest Movies.[18]
In 2008, Empire held a poll of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time", taking votes from 10,000 readers, 150 filmmakers and 50 film critics. "Once Upon a Time in the West" was voted in at number 14, the highest Western on the list.[19]
In 2009, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically or aesthetically significant”.[6]
In 2013, The Guardian ranked it #1 in its "Top 10 movie westerns" list.[20]
In 2014, Time Out polled several film critics, directors, actors and stunt actors to list their top action films.[21] Once Upon A Time In The West placed 30th on their list.[22]
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
Frank – Nominated Villain[23]
2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[24]
Releases[edit]
European release[edit]
The movie was a massive hit in France[2] and was easily the most successful film released there in 1969.[25] It sparked a brief fashion trend for duster coats which took such proportions that Parisian department stores such as Au Printemps had to affix signs on escalators warning patrons to keep their "maxis," as they were called, clear from the edges of moving steps to prevent jamming.
American release[edit]
In the US, Paramount edited the film to about 145 minutes for the wide release, but the film underperformed at the box office, earning $2.1M in rentals in North America.[26]
The following scenes were cut for the American release:
The entire scene at Lionel Stander's trading post. Cheyenne (Robards) was not introduced in the American release until his arrival at the McBain ranch later in the film. Stander remained in the credits, even though he did not appear in this version at all.
The scene in which Morton and Frank discuss what to do with Jill at the Navajo Cliffs.
Morton's death scene was reduced considerably.
Cheyenne's death scene was completely excised.
Otherwise, one scene was slightly longer in the US version than in the international film release:
Following the opening duel (where all four gunmen fire and fall), Charles Bronson's character stands up again showing that he had only been shot in the arm. This part of the scene had been originally cut by director Sergio Leone for the worldwide theatrical release. It was added again for the U.S. market because the American distributors feared American viewers would not understand the story otherwise, especially since Harmonica's arm wound is originally shown for the first time in the scene at the trading post which was cut for the shorter U.S. version.
The English-language version was restored to approximately 165 minutes for a re-release in 1984, and for its video release the following year.
Director's cut[edit]
In Italy, a 175-minute director's cut features a yellow tint filter, and several scenes augmented with additional material. This director's cut was released on home video until the early 2000s, and still airs on TV, but more recent home video releases have used the international cut.
Home video releases[edit]
After years of public requests, Paramount released a 2-Disc "Special Collector's Edition" of Once Upon a Time in the West on November 18, 2003, with a running time of 165 minutes (158 minutes in some regions).[nb 1] This release is the color 2.35:1 aspect ratio version in anamorphic wide-screen, closed captioned and Dolby. Commentary is also provided by film experts and historians including John Carpenter, John Milius, Alex Cox, film historian and Leone biographer Sir Christopher Frayling, Dr. Sheldon Hall, as well as actors Claudia Cardinale and Gabriele Ferzetti, and director Bernardo Bertolucci, a co-writer of the film.
The second disc has special features, including three recent documentaries on several aspects of the film:
An Opera of Violence
The Wages of Sin
Something to Do with Death
The film was released on Blu-ray on May 31, 2011.
Film references[edit]
Leone's intent was to take the stock conventions of the American Westerns of John Ford, Howard Hawks and others, and rework them in an ironic fashion, essentially reversing their intended meaning in their original sources to create a darker connotation.[27] The most obvious example of this is the casting of veteran film good guy Henry Fonda as the villainous Frank, but there are also many other, more subtle reversals throughout the film. According to film critic and historian Christopher Frayling, the film quotes from as many as 30 classic American Westerns.
The major films referenced include:
The Comancheros (1961): The names "McBain" and "Sweetwater" may come from this film. (Contrary to popular belief, the name of the town "Sweetwater" was not taken from Victor Sjöström's silent epic drama The Wind. Bernardo Bertolucci has stated that he looked at a map of the southwestern United States, found the name of the town in Arizona, and decided to incorporate it into the film. However, both "Sweetwater" and a character named "McBain" appeared in The Comancheros, which Leone admired.[28])
Johnny Guitar (1954): Jill and Vienna have similar backstories (both are former prostitutes who become saloonkeepers), and Harmonica, like Sterling Hayden's title character, is a mysterious, gunslinging outsider known by his musical nickname. Some of West's central plot (Western settlers vs. the railroad company) may be recycled from Nicholas Ray's film.[28]
The Iron Horse (1924): West may contain several subtle references to this film, including a low angle shot of a shrieking train rushing towards the screen in the opening scene, and the shot of the train pulling into the Sweetwater station at the end.[28]
Shane (1953): The massacre scene in West features young Timmy McBain out hunting with his father, just as Joey does in this movie. The funeral of the McBains is borrowed almost shot-for-shot from Shane.[28] Also, the movie ends with the wounded gunslingers leaving town, unable to stay in civilization, as does Shane.
The Searchers (1956): Leone admitted that the rustling bushes, the silencing of insect sounds, and the fluttering grouse that suggest menace approaching the farmhouse when the McBain family is massacred were all taken from The Searchers. The ending of the film—where Western nomads Harmonica and Cheyenne move on rather than join modern society—also echoes the famous ending of Ford's film.[28]
Winchester '73 (1950): It has been claimed that the scenes in West at the trading post are based on those in Winchester '73, but the resemblance is slight.[28]
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962): The dusters (long coats) worn by Cheyenne and his gang (and by Frank and his men while impersonating them) resemble those worn by Liberty Valance (Lee Marvin) and his henchmen when they are introduced in this film. In addition, the auction scene in West was intended to recall the election scene in Liberty Valance.[28]
The Last Sunset (1961): The final duel between Frank and Harmonica is shot almost identically to the duel between Kirk Douglas and Rock Hudson in this film.[28]
Duel in the Sun (1946): The character of Morton, the crippled railroad baron in West, was based on the character played by Lionel Barrymore in this film.[28]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The 7-minute regional variation in DVD running time is due to the 4% speed difference between the 24 fps NTSC and 25 fps PAL video formats. There is no difference in content.
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
Italy portal
Film portal
List of Italian films of 1968
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Box Office Information for Once Upon a Time in the West. The Numbers. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Box office information for film at Box Office Story
Jump up ^ "C'era una volta il West". Wikipedia (in Italian). 2016-10-18.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (25 April 2007). "Top 25 Greatest Villains - Henry Fonda as Frank". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Cale, Matt (29 May 2004). "Open Range". film.thedigitalfix.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2011-06-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "25 new titles added to National Film Registry". Yahoo News. Yahoo. Associated Press. 2009-12-30. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
Jump up ^ La Repubblica. "Addio a Gabriele Ferzetti, il seduttore introverso del nostro cinema". Retrieved 2 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "http://www.fistful-of-leone.com/articles/knox.html". Fistful-of-leone.com. Retrieved 2011-06-12. External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Frayling, Christopher (2012). Sergio Leone: Something to do with Death. University of Minnesota Press. p. 296. ISBN 9780816646838.
Jump up ^ "La Calahorra, una estación de cine para los 'western' españoles", 20 Minutos, 1 March 2013 (in Spanish). Accessed 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Estados Unidos en Granada. La Calahorra: escenario de WEsterns", Guía Repsol, 10 October 2015 (in Spanish). Accessed 17 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Location Filming for Once Upon A Time in the West". Fistfuloflocations.com. Retrieved 2011-06-12.
Jump up ^ Howard Hughes (2007). Stagecoach to Tombstone: The Filmgoers' Guide to the Great Westerns. I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 9781845115715. p.166.
^ Jump up to: a b Kehr, Dave (2011). "Once Upon a Time in the West". When movies mattered : reviews from a transformative decade. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-42941-0.
Jump up ^ "Breaking Bad Series Creator Vince Gilligan Answers Viewer Questions". AMC.com. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Time Magazine's All-Time 100 Movies | The Moving Arts Film Journal". Themovingarts.com. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
Jump up ^ "TSPDT - 1,000 Greatest Films (Full List)". Theyshootpictures.com. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Movies of All Time". Drskantze.com. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
Jump up ^ "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time". Empireonline.com. 2006-12-05. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
Jump up ^ The Guardian (2013). "Top 10 movie westerns". Retrieved 5 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "The 100 best action movies". Time Out. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/the-100-best-action-movies-30-21?package_page=23379
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ Box office information for 1969 in France at Box Office Story
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1969", Variety, 7 January 1970 p 15
Jump up ^ 'An Opera of Violence', documentary on the DVD Once Upon a Time in the West: Special Collector's Edition
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Frayling[full citation needed]
Further reading[edit]
Fawell, John (2005). The art of Sergio Leone's Once upon a time in the West: a critical appreciation. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-2092-8.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Once Upon a Time in the West
Once Upon a Time in the West on IMDb
Once Upon a Time in the West at the TCM Movie Database
Once Upon a Time in the West at AllMovie
Once Upon a Time in the West at the American Film Institute Catalog
Once Upon a Time in the West at Metacritic
Once Upon a Time in the West at Rotten Tomatoes
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Films directed by Sergio Leone
They Stole a Tram (1954)
The Last Days of Pompeii (1959)
The Colossus of Rhodes (1961)
A Fistful of Dollars (1964)
For a Few Dollars More (1965)
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966)
Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
Duck, You Sucker! (1971)
Once Upon a Time in America (1984)
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Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2017
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"Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran came in at number one, spending a total of twelve nonconsecutive weeks at the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 during 2017.[1] "Castle on the Hill" from the same album also made the list, at position 40.
The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Its data, published by Billboard magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay and streaming. At the end of a year, Billboard will publish an annual list of the 100 most successful songs throughout that year on the Hot 100 chart based on the information. For 2017, the list was published on December 11, calculated with data from December 3, 2016 to November 25, 2017.[1]
"Closer" by The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey was listed within the top 10 for the second year in a row, making it only the third song in history to achieve this, after Elton John's "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" / "Candle in the Wind 1997" and LeAnn Rimes' "How Do I Live", both of which were ranked in the top ten of the 1997 and 1998 lists.[citation needed]
Year-end list[edit]
American rapper Kendrick Lamar charted five songs on the list with the highest-ranking being his number-one single "Humble" at number 4.
American DJ duo The Chainsmokers have three songs in the top 50, two of which are in the top 10.
American rap trio Migos charted five songs on the list with their number-one single "Bad and Boujee" featuring Lil Uzi Vert being the highest among them at number 6. One of its members, Quavo, is also featured in three songs by other artists in the top 40.
Canadian singer Alessia Cara has three songs within the top 40, with "Stay" (with Zedd) at number 17, "Scars to Your Beautiful" at number 30, and "1-800-273-8255" (with Logic and Khalid) at number 31.
With the exception of Louis Tomlinson, each member of the English-Irish boy band One Direction had at least one song on the list, with Zayn at number 26 with "I Don't Wanna Live Forever" (a duet with Taylor Swift), Niall Horan at number 32 with "Slow Hands", Liam Payne at number 36 with "Strip That Down" (featuring Quavo), and Harry Styles at number 87 with "Sign of the Times".
List of songs on Billboard's 2017 Year-End Hot 100 chart[2]
No.
Title
Artist(s)
1
"Shape of You" Ed Sheeran
2
"Despacito" Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber
3
"That's What I Like" Bruno Mars
4
"Humble" Kendrick Lamar
5
"Something Just Like This" The Chainsmokers and Coldplay
6
"Bad and Boujee" Migos featuring Lil Uzi Vert
7
"Closer" The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
8
"Body Like a Back Road" Sam Hunt
9
"Believer" Imagine Dragons
10
"Congratulations" Post Malone featuring Quavo
11
"Say You Won't Let Go" James Arthur
12
"I'm the One" DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne
13
"XO Tour Llif3" Lil Uzi Vert
14
"Mask Off" Future
15
"Unforgettable" French Montana featuring Swae Lee
16
"24K Magic" Bruno Mars
17
"Stay" Zedd and Alessia Cara
18
"Wild Thoughts" DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna and Bryson Tiller
19
"Black Beatles" Rae Sremmurd featuring Gucci Mane
20
"Starboy" The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
21
"Location" Khalid
22
"Attention" Charlie Puth
23
"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" Shawn Mendes
24
"Bodak Yellow (Money Moves)" Cardi B
25
"Redbone" Childish Gambino
26
"I Don't Wanna Live Forever" Zayn and Taylor Swift
27
"It Ain't Me" Kygo and Selena Gomez
28
"iSpy" Kyle featuring Lil Yachty
29
"Issues" Julia Michaels
30
"Scars to Your Beautiful" Alessia Cara
31
"1-800-273-8255" Logic featuring Alessia Cara and Khalid
32
"Slow Hands" Niall Horan
33
"Love on the Brain" Rihanna
34
"I Feel It Coming" The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
35
"Bounce Back" Big Sean
36
"Strip That Down" Liam Payne featuring Quavo
37
"Fake Love" Drake
38
"Don't Wanna Know" Maroon 5 featuring Kendrick Lamar
39
"Look What You Made Me Do" Taylor Swift
40
"Castle on the Hill" Ed Sheeran
41
"Bad Things" Machine Gun Kelly and Camila Cabello
42
"Paris" The Chainsmokers
43
"Side to Side" Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj
44
"Rockabye" Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul and Anne-Marie
45
"Feel It Still" Portugal. The Man
46
"Let Me Love You" DJ Snake featuring Justin Bieber
47
"Sorry Not Sorry" Demi Lovato
48
"Bank Account" 21 Savage
49
"Can't Stop the Feeling!" Justin Timberlake
50
"Mi Gente" J Balvin and Willy William featuring Beyoncé
51
"Thunder" Imagine Dragons
52
"T-Shirt" Migos
53
"Rake It Up" Yo Gotti featuring Nicki Minaj
54
"Mercy" Shawn Mendes
55
"Tunnel Vision" Kodak Black
56
"Rockstar" Post Malone featuring 21 Savage
57
"In Case You Didn't Know" Brett Young
58
"Heathens" Twenty One Pilots
59
"Now or Never" Halsey
60
"Caroline" Aminé
61
"Rolex" Ayo & Teo
62
"DNA" Kendrick Lamar
63
"Juju on That Beat (TZ Anthem)" Zay Hilfigerrr & Zayion McCall
64
"Swang" Rae Sremmurd
65
"Passionfruit" Drake
66
"Loyalty" Kendrick Lamar featuring Rihanna
67
"Praying" Kesha
68
"Goosebumps" Travis Scott featuring Kendrick Lamar
69
"Cold" Maroon 5 featuring Future
70
"Broccoli" DRAM featuring Lil Yachty
71
"Slide" Calvin Harris featuring Frank Ocean and Migos
72
"What Ifs" Kane Brown featuring Lauren Alaina
73
"Chained to the Rhythm" Katy Perry featuring Skip Marley
74
"Feels" Calvin Harris featuring Pharrell Williams, Katy Perry and Big Sean
75
"All Time Low" Jon Bellion
76
"Hurricane" Luke Combs
77
"Too Good at Goodbyes" Sam Smith
78
"Young Dumb & Broke" Khalid
79
"Magnolia" Playboi Carti
80
"Love Galore" SZA featuring Travis Scott
81
"Drowning" A Boogie wit da Hoodie featuring Kodak Black
82
"Starving" Hailee Steinfeld and Grey featuring Zedd
83
"Both" Gucci Mane featuring Drake
84
"What About Us" Pink
85
"Swalla" Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj and Ty Dolla Sign
86
"Slippery" Migos featuring Gucci Mane
87
"Sign of the Times" Harry Styles
88
"Water Under the Bridge" Adele
89
"Malibu" Miley Cyrus
90
"Down" Marian Hill
91
"No Promises" Cheat Codes featuring Demi Lovato
92
"Treat You Better" Shawn Mendes
93
"I Get the Bag" Gucci Mane featuring Migos
94
"Small Town Boy" Dustin Lynch
95
"Everyday We Lit" YFN Lucci featuring PnB Rock
96
"Havana" Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug
97
"What Lovers Do" Maroon 5 featuring SZA
98
"Do Re Mi" Blackbear
99
"Look at Me!" XXXTentacion
100
"The Fighter" Keith Urban featuring Carrie Underwood
See also[edit]
2017 in American music
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2017
List of Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles in 2017
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Caulfield, Keith (December 12, 2017). "The Year in Charts 2017: Ed Sheeran Is Top Artist, Kendrick Lamar's 'DAMN.' Rules Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Songs - Year-End 2017". Billboard. 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
[hide]
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List of Little House on the Prairie characters
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There are many Little House on the Prairie characters, appearing in various forms of media in the Little House on the Prairie media franchise.
Contents
[hide]
1 Television series characters
1.1 The Ingalls family
1.1.1 The in-laws
1.2 Townsfolk
1.3 Non-recurring characters
1.3.1 Season one
1.3.2 Season two
1.3.3 Season three
1.3.4 Season four
1.3.5 Season five
1.3.6 Season six
1.3.7 Season seven
1.3.8 Season eight
1.3.9 Season nine
1.3.10 Post-series movies
1.4 Animals
2 Ingalls's and Wilder's genealogy
2.1 The Ingalls family
2.2 The Quiner family
2.2.1 Charlotte Tucker
2.2.2 Martha Morse
2.3 The Wilder family
2.4 The Day family
3 Neighbors, friends and acquaintances
3.1 Real people
3.2 Characters based on real people
4 References
5 External links
Television series characters[edit]
Main article: Little House on the Prairie (TV series)
The Ingalls family[edit]
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary
Charles Ingalls 1–9 161 Michael Landon Farmer; husband and father
Caroline Ingalls 1–8 172 Karen Grassle Wife and mother
Laura Ingalls Wilder 1–9 190 Melissa Gilbert Second daughter; Later Almanzo's wife and Rose's mother; nicknamed "Half-pint" by Charles and "Beth" by Almanzo
Mary Ingalls 1–8 133 Melissa Sue Anderson Oldest child
Carrie Ingalls 1–8 164 Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush Third daughter
Charles Ingalls Jr. 1 2 Unknown Baby son, died as an infant
Grace Ingalls 5–8 60 Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh Fourth daughter
Albert Quinn Ingalls 5–9 89 Matthew Labyorteaux Adopted son
James Cooper/Ingalls 7–8 21 Jason Bateman Adopted after parents were killed in a wagon accident
Cassandra Cooper/Ingalls 7–8 21 Missy Francis Same as above
The in-laws[edit]
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary
Almanzo Wilder 6–9 65 Dean Butler Farmer; Laura's husband (season 7); Rose's father; Nicknamed "Manly" by Laura
Adam Kendall 4–8 35 Linwood Boomer Teacher of the blind; Mary’s husband (season 5)
Adam Kendall Jr. 6 3 Unknown Adam and Mary's son; dies in fire with Alice Garvey
Jenny Wilder 9 18 Shannen Doherty Almanzo's niece, whom he gets custody of after his brother/her father Royal dies
Rose Wilder 8–9 17 Jennifer and Michele Steffin Almanzo and Laura's daughter
Eliza Jane Wilder 6–8 14 Lucy Lee Flippin Teacher; Almanzo's older sister
Townsfolk[edit]
Name
Seasons
No. of
episodes
Portrayer
Character summary
Nels Oleson 1–9 147 Richard Bull Mercantile proprietor; husband and father
Harriet Oleson 1–9 153 Katherine MacGregor Mercantile proprietor; wife and mother
Nellie Oleson 1–9 104 Alison Arngrim Oldest child of Nels and Harriet
Willie Oleson 1–9 140 Jonathan Gilbert Son of Nels and Harriet
Nancy Oleson 8–9 33 Allison Balson Adopted daughter of Nels and Harriet
Percival Dalton/Isaac Cohen 6–7 11 Steve Tracy Nellie’s husband
Rachel Brown Oleson 9 2 Sherri Stoner Willie’s wife
Dr. Hiram Baker 1–9 113 Kevin Hagen Town physician
Reverend Robert Alden 1–9 76 Dabbs Greer Church minister
Melinda Foster 1–9 61 Ruth Foster Post office manager
Isaiah Edwards 1–3, 6, 8–9 52 Victor French Charles’s best friend
Grace Snider Edwards 1–6 23 Bonnie Bartlett / Corinne Camacho Wife of Isaiah Edwards
John Sanderson Edwards 2–4 8 Radames Pera Oldest child adopted by Isaiah & Grace Edwards
Alicia Sanderson Edwards 2–3, 5, 8 19 Kyle Richards Youngest child, Adopted daughter of Isaiah & Grace Edwards
Carl Sanderson Edwards 2–4 19 Brian Part Middle child adopted by Isaiah & Grace Edwards
Matthew Rogers 9 5 Jonathan Hall Kovacs Young boy that is taken care of by Isaiah Edwards (season 9)
Jonathan Garvey 4–7 51 Merlin Olsen Farmer; husband and father
Alice Garvey 4–6 33 Hersha Parady Wife and mother; teacher; dies in fire with Adam Kendall Jr.
Andy Garvey 4–7 43 Patrick Labyorteaux Son of Jonathan and Alice
Eva Beadle Simms 1–4 45 Charlotte Stewart School teacher
Adam Simms 4 2 Joshua Bryant Miss Beadle's husband
Lars Hanson 1–5 41 Karl Swenson Lumber mill owner; a founder of Walnut Grove
Hester-Sue Terhune 4–9 40 Ketty Lester Head of the school for the blind
John Carter 9 19 Stan Ivar Blacksmith; husband and father
Sarah Carter 9 15 Pamela Roylance Starts a newspaper; wife and mother
Jeb Carter 9 18 Lindsay Kennedy Older son of John and Sarah
Jason Carter 9 18 David Friedman Younger son of John and Sarah
Susan Goodspeed 4–7 16 Michelle Downey Student at the school for the blind
Etta Plum 9 15 Leslie Landon School teacher
Christy Kennedy 1–2 10 Tracie Savage Schoolgirl
Sandy Kennedy 1 4 Robert Hoffman Schoolboy; Christy's brother
Hans Dorfler 1–4, 6 9 Jim Jeter Resident of Walnut Grove; a stable-owner
Bill Anderson 6–9 6 Sam Edwards Banker of Walnut Grove
Joe Kagan 4–5, 7 5 Moses Gunn Aging boxer who retires to farm life in Walnut Grove
Judd Larrabee 4–5 5 Don "Red" Barry Resident of Walnut Grove
Mrs. Amanda "May" Whipple 1–4 5 Queenie Smith Resident of Walnut Grove; local seamstress
Mr. Kennedy 1 4 Wayne Heffley Resident of Walnut Grove; father of Christy and Sandy
Mrs. Kennedy 1–2 3 Eileen Ryan (season 1),
Janice Carroll (season 2) Resident of Walnut Grove; mother of Christy and Sandy
Ebenezer Sprague 2–3 4 Ted Gehring Banker of Walnut Grove
Houston Lamb 6–7 4 Dub Taylor Works and lives at the school for the blind in Sleepy Eye
Henry Riley 4–9 15 Dan McBride recurring role - customer in Nellie's Restaurant arguing
Kezia Horn 4–5 3 Hermione Baddeley Resident of Walnut Grove and friend of Laura and Albert
Non-recurring characters[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Season one[edit]
Episode 6
Miss Amy Hearn (played by Josephine Hutchinson)
Episode 7
Olga Nordstrom (played by Kim Richards)
Episode 9
Abel Makay (played by Dirk Blocker)
Episode 11
Tinker Jones (played by Chuck McCann)
Episode 14
Jonathan (played by Ernest Borgnine)
Episode 19
Willie O'Hara (played by Red Buttons)
Episode 20
Graham Stewart (played by Johnny Lee)
John Stewart (played by Harris Yulin)
Episode 21
Trudy Coulter (played by Julie Cobb)
Joseph Coulter (played by Alan Fudge)
Episode 22
Jack Lame Horse (played by Robert Tessier)
Marshal Anders (played by Jack Ging)
Episode 23
Hiram Johnson (played by Hal Bokar)
Mimi (played by Jane Alice Brandon)
Episode 24
Jim Tyler (played by Forrest Tucker)
Helen Tyler (played by Ann Doran)
Season two[edit]
Episode 4
Jebediah Mumfort (played by Karl Lukas)
Margaret Mumfort (played by June Dayton)
Slick McBurney (played by Gregory Walcott)
Episode 5
Amos Pike (played by John Anderson)
Episode 7
Julia Sanderson (played by Patricia Neal)
Episode 10
Jonah (played by Shane Sinutko)
Episode 17
Hannibal Applewood (played by Richard Basehart)
Episode 18
Henry Hill (played by Louis Gossett Jr)
Episode 19
Elizabeth Thurman (played by Mariette Hartley)
Episode 20
Yuli Pyatakov (played by Theodore Bikel)
Viktor Pyatakov (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Fanya Pyatakov (played by Lisa Pera)
Episode 21
Granville Whipple (played by Richard Mulligan)
Season three[edit]
Episode 1
Caleb Hodgekiss (played by Johnny Cash)
Mattie Hodgekiss (played by June Carter Cash)
Episode 4
Wendell Loudy (played by John Ireland)
Episode 6
Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Arthur Hill)
Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Jan Sterling)
Eliza Ann Ingalls (played by Hersha Parady)
Peter Ingalls (played by Mark Lenard)
Episode 9
Bubba Galinder (played by Michael LeClair)
George Galinder (played by Roy Jenson)
Sam Galinder (played by Geoffrey Lewis)
Episode 10
Sam Shelby (played by Burl Ives)
Episode 14
Ginny Clark (played by Rachel Longaker)
Harold Mayfield (played by Warren Vanders)
Della Clark (played by Kay Peters)
Episode 15
Joseph Spotted Eagle Stokes (played by Caesar Ramirez)
Seth (played by Willie Aames)
Jeremy Stokes (played by George Murdock)
Episode 18
Solomon Henry (played by Todd Bridges)
Mrs. Henry (played by Maidie Norman)
Jackson Henry (played by David Downing)
Kramer (played by Frederic Downs)
Dr. Tane (played by Don Pedro Colley)
Episode 19
Anna Gillberg (played by Katy Kurtzman)
Episode 20
Elmer Dobkins (played by Eric Olson)
Sam Dobkins (played by Charles Aidman)
Ellen Dobkins (played by Mitzi Hoag)
Episode 21
Zachariah (played by E.J. Andre)
Rev. Phillips (played by Larry Golden)
Ben Griffin (played by Larry Pennell)
Season four[edit]
Episode 3
Ellen Taylor (played by Mia Bendixsen)
Eloise Taylor (played by Corinne Michaels)
Cal Taylor (played by James Wainwright)
Episode 4
Chris Nelson (played by Gil Gerard)
Episode 6
Bailey Farrell (played by Bernard Behrens)
Timothy Farrell (played by Johnny Doran)
Episode 7
Stanley Novack (played by Michael Pataki)
Beth Novack (played by Collin Wilcox)
Jed Haney (played by Eddie Quillan)
Dr. Asa T Logan (played by Burr DeBenning)
Episode 8
Mr. Dankworth (played by Dennis Rucker)
Mr. Hobbs (played by John Bennett Perry)
Bob Ford (played by Tony Marks)
Lewis Ford (played by Frank Marth)
Episode 9
Judge Picker (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 14
Samantha Higgins (played by Seeley Ann Thumann)
Jimmy Hill (played by Chris Petersen)
Episode 15
Nats Rachel Peal (played by Anita Dangler)
Caleb Fisher (played by John McLiam)
Katie Fisher (played by Linda McMillan)
Ellen Fisher (played by Dee Croxton)
Episode 16
Jordan Harrison (played by Ronnie Scribner)
Young Caroline (played by Katy Kurtzman)
Younger Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Sarah Miller)
Mr. Watson (played by Sorrell Booke)
Harold Watson (played by Adam Gunn)
Peter Ingalls (played by David Considine)
Henry Quiner-Holbrook (played by Gregg Forrest)
Polly Ingalls (played by Robin Muir)
Eliza Ann Quiner-Holbrook (played by Kristi Jill Wood)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Nicolas Coster)
Charlotte Holbrook (played by Virginia Kiser)
Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)
Episode 17
Bobby Harris (played by Michael Mullins)
Anna Mears (played by Lenora May)
Shaniel Mears (played by Donald Moffat)
Rev. Pritchard (played by Woodrow Parfrey)
Episode 21
Dr. Burke (played by Ford Rainey)
Miseth Barton (played by Rob Kenneally)
Season five[edit]
Episode 4
John Bevins (played by Cliff Emmich)
Bess Bevins (played by Kate Woodville)
Amelia Bevins (played by Julie Ann Haddock)
Episode 5
Toby Noe (played by Ray Bolger)
Episode 8
Erich Schiller (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Otto Schiller (played by King Moody)
Anna Schiller (played by Lisa Pera)
Episode 15
Isaac Singerman (played by John Bleifer)
Aaron Singerman (played by Alvin Kupperman)
Episode 18
Miss Elliot (played by Ellen Regan)
Holly (played by Martha Nix)
Giles Kendall (played by Philip Abbott)
Episode 20
Adele Larrabee (played by Joan Tompkins—wife of Karl Swenson)
Episode 22
Leslie Harper (played by Jenny Sullivan)
Samantha Harper (played by Kyle Richards)
Bret Harper (played by Charles Cioffi)
Thomas Harper (played by Bobby Rolofson)
Episode 24
Dylan Whitaker (played by Steve Shaw)
Season six[edit]
Episode 3
Jeremy Quinn (played by Michael Pataki)
Episode 6
Russell Harmon (played by William Schallert)
Anna Craig Alden (played by Iris Korn)
Episode 9
Milo Stavroupolis (played by Leo Gordon)
Anna Stavroupolis (played by Nora Meerbaum)
Episode 10
Rev. Danforth (played by James Olson)
Episode 12
Harold (played by Royal Dano)
Episode 13
Tod Dortmunder (played by Timothy Wead)
Brewster Davenport (played by Malcolm Atterbury)
Virginia Davenport (played by Susan French)
Episode 20
Penelope Parker (played by Stacey Sipes)
Episode 21
Molly Reardon (played by Suzanne Rogers)
Episode 22
Miss Trimble (played by Lucille Benson)
Season seven[edit]
Episode 1
Harv Miller (played by James Cromwell)
Episode 4
Dan Ellerbee (played by James Jarnagin)
Pete Ellerbee (played by William Traylor)
Episode 6
Annie Crane (played by Madeleine Stowe)
Episode 7
Brenda Sue Longworth (played by Tisch Raye)
Episode 8
Leslie Barton (played by Suzy Gilstrap)
Episode 9
Kavendish (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 15
Hertzell Lundy (played by Mel Stewart)
Episode 17
Sylvia Webb (played by Olivia Barash)
Mr. Webb (played by Royal Dano)
Irv Hartwig (played by Richard Jaeckel)
Episode 19
Edgar Mills (played by Jeff Corey)
Edna Mills (played by Barbara Collentine—wife of Richard Bull)
Episode 21
Mr Case (played by Ivan Bonar)
Jed Cooper (played by EJ Andre)
Sarah Cooper (played by ME Loree)
Alvin Cooper (played by George McDaniel)
Episode 22
Isaiah Tompkins (played by Len Wayland)
Season eight[edit]
Episode 1
Miss Mason (played by Elizabeth Hoffman)
Michele Pierson (played by Melora Hardin)
Episode 4
Dr. Caleb Ledoux (played by Don Marshall)
Mattie Ledoux (played by Marlene Warfield)
Episode 5
Mortimer Carstairs (played by Patrick Collins)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (played by George Petrie)
Episode 6
Amy Cassidy (played by Martha Nix)
Rodolfo Gambini (played by Jack Kruschen)
Ana Rosa Gambini (played by Gloria Manos)
Marco Gambini (played by Stephen Manley)
Stefano Gambini (played by Robert Torti)
Episode 7
Max (played by Todd Susman)
Georgie (played by Royce D. Applegate)
Episode 8
Callahan (played by M. Emmet Walsh)[1]
Episode 9
Elmer Miles (played by J.Brennan Smith)
Episode 10
Major Guffey (played by Laurie Main)
Episode 12
Gideon Hale (played by Peter Billingsley)
Braden Hale (played by Dennis Howard)
Mrs. Hale (played by Jennifer Rhodes)
Episode 14
Jack Prescott (played by Claude Earl Jones)
Episode 16
Sam Terhune (played by J.A. Preston)
Naomi Terhune (played by Marguerite DeLain)
Episode 20
Sherman Andruss (played by Dennis Lipscomb)
Helen Andruss (played by Judith Weston)
Louisa Beckwith (played by Ruth Silveira)
Horace Beckwith (played by Calvin Bartlett)
Nora Cramer (played by Betty McGuire)
Episode 21
Danny (played by Georg Olden)
Episode 22
Old Man (played by Don Beddoe)
Season nine[edit]
Episode 3
Lem McCary (played by Lew Ayres)
Jess Moffet (played by Charles Lane)
Episode 4
Thomas Stark (played by Robert Loggia)
Constance Stark (played by Michele Marsh)
Elizabeth Stark (played by Tammy Lauren)
Randall Page (played by Ronnie Scribner)
Episode 5
Lou Bates(played by Billy Barty)
Mrs. Bates (played by Susan French)
Episode 10
Jane Canfield (played by Jill Schoelen)
Episode 12
Dr. Marvin Haynes (played by Ralph Bellamy)
Episode 13
Linda McAndrews (played by Sheila Larken)
Elliott Reed (played by John McLiam)
Episode 14
Cole Younger (played by Geoffrey Lewis)
Bart Younger (played by Robert Donner)
Lonnie Younger (played by Timothy Scott)
Episode 16
Matthew Rogers (played by Jonathan Hall Kovacs)
Episode 19
Ruthy Leland (played by Vera Miles)
Dewey (played by Eric Christmas)
Episode 20
Buffalo Bill (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 21
Mae Flannery (played by Barbara Townsend)
Episode 22
Philip Rogers (played by Robert Darnell)
Sherwood Montague (played by Robert Casper)
Post-series movies[edit]
Little House: The Last Farewell
Nathan Lassiter (played by James Karen)
Animals[edit]
dogs: Jack and Bandit
horses: Pat and Patty + a pony Bunny
and others
Ingalls's and Wilder's genealogy[edit]
The Ingalls family[edit]
Charles Ingalls
Caroline Lake Quiner
James Wilder
Angeline Day
Mary Ingalls
Carrie Ingalls
Charles Frederic Ingalls
Grace Ingalls
Laura Wilder
Royal Wilder
Eliza Jane Wilder
Alice Wilder
Perley Wilder {{{ }}}
Laura Ingalls
Almanzo Wilder
Rose Wilder
Son died shortly after birth was unnamed
Ingalls line :
Henry Ingalls and Joan/Johan Wytton
Robert Ingalls (1563-1617) and Elizabeth x (1567-1631)
Edmund Ingalls (1598-1648) and Ann Tripp (1599-1648)
Henry Ingalls (1627-1718) and Mary Osgood (1633-1686)
Samuel Ingalls (1654-1733) and Sarah Hendrick (1661-1738)
Samuel Ingalls Jr. (1683-1747) and Mary E. Watts (1687-?)
Timothy Ingalls (1720-1757) and ?

Delano line :
Jonathan Delano (b.1647) and Mercy Warren (1658–1727) (gdau. of Richard Warren of the Mayflower)
Jonathan Delano (b.1680) and Amy Hatch (b.1687)
Jabez Delano (b.1708) and Prudence Hibbard (b.1711)

Colby line :
Matthew Colby (b.1530) and (from 1555) Mary (last name unknown) (b.1532)
Thomas Colby (b.1567) and (from May 4, 1596) Anne Jackson (b.1571)
Anthony Colby (b.1605) and (from 1632) Susanna Haddon (b.1608)
John Colby (b.1633) and (from January 14, 1655) Frances Hoyt (b.1636)
John Colby (b.1656) and (from December 27, 1675) Sarah Eldridge (b.1658)
Joseph Colby (b.1680) and (from November 22, 1704) Anne Bartlett (b.1684)
Nathan Colby (b.1710) and (from December 18, 1735) Hannah Worthen (b.1716)

Jonathan Ingalls (1750–1834)
&
Martha Jane Locke (1753–1785)
Jonathan Delano (1735–1811)
&
Anne Ladd (1734–1816)
Ezekiel Colby (1739–1791)
&
Sally Fowler (1734–1834)
Elijah Blood (1748–1826)
&
Eunice Sleeman (1758–1811)
Samuel Ingalls (1771–1841)
Margaret Delano (1773–1837)
Nathan Colby (1778–1857)
Eunice Blood (1782–1862)
Lansford Ingalls (1812–1896)
Laura Colby (1810–1883)
Peter Ingalls (1833–1900)
"baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835)
Charles Ingalls (1836–1902)
Lydia Ingalls (1838–1913)
Polly Ingalls (1840–1886)
Lansford Ingalls (1842–1928)
Laura Ingalls (1845–1918)
Hiram Ingalls (1848–1923)
George Ingalls (1851–1901)
Ruby Ingalls (1855–1881)
Based on the data from : The Genealogy of Almanzo and Laura Ingalls Wilder
Peter Riley Ingalls (1833–1900) – born in Cuba, New York. On June 5, 1861, in Brookfield, Wisconsin married Eliza Ann Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had 6 children (see below). They left Pepin in 1874, together with Laura's family, and stopped in Zumbro Falls, Minnesota. Next they moved to South Troy, Minnesota where the Ingalls visited them for some time (in 1876).
Alice Josephine Ingalls (23 Apr 1862 – 30 Jan 1934) – married Arthur Whiting. They had five children, born between 1883 and 1899.
Ella Estella Ingalls (23 Jan 1865 – 9 Mar 1945) – married Leslie Lee Whiting and had four children, born between 1885 and 1894. She spent some time in DeSmet, with her husband and the eldest baby Earl Leland.
Peter Franklin Ingalls (16 Nov 1866 – 23 Sep 1932) – lived with Laura and Almanzo in De Smet for a while. Married Mary Edith "Molly" McGowin and they had seven children.
Lansford Newcomb Ingalls (b. 5 Apr 1870),
Edith Florence "Dolly Varden" (23 Jun 1872 – 13 Jul 1951), on 9 Jun 1892 married Heil Nelson Bingham and they had eight children, born between 1893 and 1912.
Edmond Llewellyn Ingalls (b. 26 Aug 1880), married Edith Mae Ide and they had 6 children. (Lois Ingalls Gibson, Herbert Ingalls, Wallace Ingalls, Margaret Ingalls Cowsar and William Ingalls).
"baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835). Died at approximately two weeks of age, of "convulsions", and had not been named yet.
Charles Phillip Ingalls (1836–1902) – Laura's father
Mary
Laura
Carrie
Freddie
Grace
Lydia Louise Ingalls (1838–1913) – on 15 Jan 1856, she married Robert Fulton Clough and later – in 1859, Joseph Stouff. She had five children, first of whom was Clough's.
Issac Lafayette Clough (b.1857, got married in 1876)
Robert Stouff
Minnie Stouff – married a man with the surname Phillips.
Amy Stouff
Amos Alvin Stouff
Polly Melona Ingalls (1840–1886) – born in Cuba, New York. In 1859 married Henry Odin Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had six children (see below). The family left Pepin with Laura's family in 1868 and both families stopped in Rothville, Missouri. In 1869 they returned to Pepin. Some time later they went West.
Louisa Quiner (b. 1860),
Charles Quiner (b. 1862),
Albert Quiner (b. 1865),
Charlotte "Lottie" Quiner (b. 1867),
Ruby Quiner
Lillian Quiner
Lansford James Ingalls (1842–1928) – was married twice; to Sarah Dickinson (1846–1897) and later to Mary Dickinson. Both of them were born in England.
Samuel James Ingalls
Sara Belle Ingalls
William Walter Ingalls
Mary Elizabeth Ingalls
Edward Eugene Ingalls
Horace Foster Ingalls
Andrew Jackson Ingalls – had a son
Olive May Ingalls
Martha Esther Ingalls
Laura Ladocia "Docia" Ingalls (1845–1918) – married August Waldvogel (divorced later) and the couple had two children (see below). Next she married Hiram "Hi" Forbes and they had 7 daughters. Hiram was a contractor for the Chicago and North Western Railway. They spent some time in DeSmet with the Ingalls but soon moved to Nebraska. They lost contact. Hiram died in 1906.
Lena Waldvogel (1866–1943)
August Eugene "Jean" Waldvogel (b. 1870).
Hiram Lemuel Ingalls (1848–1923) – on 18 Oct 1867, married Sarah Elizabeth Woodward (1847–1910) and on 27 Feb 1919 – Ellen Parker
Laura Eliza Ingalls
Ruby Evaline Ingalls
Phillip L. Ingalls
Sarah Jeanette Ingalls
Mary Rose Ellen Ingalls
Hiram LeRoy "Roy" Ingalls
Leo Vincent Ingalls
George Whiting Ingalls (1851–1901)
Ruby Celestia Ingalls (1855–1881) (Father of the children unknown)
George
Dolly Warden
Sherman
The Quiner family[edit]

William Quiner (1773–1831)
Margaret Doer
(1774–1839)
Lewis Tucker (1779–1870)
Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)
Henry Quiner (1809–1844)
Charlotte Tucker (1809–1884)
Frederic M. Holbrook (1819-1874)
Martha Quiner (1832–1836)
Joseph Quiner (1834–1862)
Henry Quiner (1835–1880)
Martha Quiner (1837–1927)
Caroline Quiner (1839–1924)
Eliza Quiner (1842–1931)
Thomas Quiner (1844–1903)
Charlotte Holbrook (1854–1939)
(Laura's maternal great-great-grandparents)
Allan Alexander Morse and Margaret Drummond *These are fictional names. Real names unknown.
(Laura's maternal great-grandparents)
Lewis Tucker (1779–1870) and Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)
William Quiner (1773–1831) and Margaret Doer (1774–1839)

(Laura's maternal grandparents)
Charlotte Tucker and Henry Quiner
THEIR CHILDREN (Laura's aunts and uncles) :
Martha Morse Quiner (1832–1836)
Joseph Carpenter Quiner (1834–1862). He married Nancy Frank in Wisconsin in 1856. Died of wounds suffered at the Battle of Shiloh.
Henry Odin Quiner (1835–1880) – born on December 7 in Ohio. He married Polly Ingalls (for more – see above)
Martha Jane Quiner (1837–1927) – married Charles Carpenter in 1860.
William Augustus (1861–1884)
Joseph Quiner (1863–1923) married Elizabeth C.Reese.
Phoebe Quiner
Joseph Quiner
Elizabeth Quiner
Clara Quiner
Martha Quiner
Charles Quiner
Theodore Quiner
Donald Quiner
Lillian Quiner
Emilie Quiner
Lettice "Lottie" Jane (1864–1949)
Nancy Cora (1865–1955)
Martha Eliza (1868–1871)
Millicent Ann (1869–1960)
Charles Carr (1871–1918)
Emma Bertha (1873–1955)
Etta Minerva (1874–1899)
Martha Josephine (1876–1962)
Marion Caroline (1879–1939)
Myrtie Emmeline (1879–1956)
Thomas Quiner (1882–1944)
George Lockwood (1882–1954)
Caroline Lake Quiner (December 12, 1839 – April 20, 1924) – Laura's mother
Eliza Ann Quiner (1842–1931) – born on April 21 in Brookfield, Wisconsin. Both families – the Ingalls and the Quiners – moved several times and stopped finally in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Eliza married Peter Ingalls in Concord, Wisconsin, on June 5, 1861 (for more – see above).
Thomas Lewis Quiner (1844–1903) – born on November 23. He married Lillian Graham Hill. They lived for some time in DeSmet. Died in an accident at the Columbia River on February 23, 1903.
Helen Marion Quiner
Alice Quiner
Donald Quiner
Dugold Lewis Quiner
Lillian Josephine Quiner
John Hill Quiner(born in 1902 or 1903).
Henry Quiner died in October 1844 in the sinking of a trading ship on the Great Lakes. Charlotte Tucker Quiner remarried, to Frederic Holbrook, and they had one child
Charlotte E. "Lottie" Holbrook (January 20, 1854 – February 15, 1939). She married Henry Moore (b. 1852) in 1875.
Frederick Moore (b. 1878)
Arvin Moore (b. 1880)
Harry C. Moore (b. 1882)
Ralph Moore (b. 1887)
Pearl Eva Moore (b. 1888)
Charlotte Tucker[edit]
Lewis Tucker
Martha Morse
(1782–1862)
Betsy Tucker (1800–?)
Lewis Tucker (1802–?)
Linus Tucker (1802–?)
Lydia Tucker
(1805–?)
Thomas Tucker (1807–?)
Charlotte Tucker
(1809–1884)
Caroline Tucker (1811–?)
Mary Tucker
(1813–?)
Nancy Tucker (1816–?)
George Tucker(1820–1821)
Charlotte Wallis Tucker was born on May 25, 1809 in Roxbury, Massachusetts (a suburb of Boston). She died September 20, 1884 in Rome, Wisconsin. Her mostly fictionalised story was described in the four-book series The Charlotte Years by Melissa Wiley. Charlotte was maternal grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.
As a young woman, Charlotte married Henry Newton Quiner from Connecticut. She was the first woman in her family to travel west, living in Ohio and Indiana before settling in the frontier town of Brookfield, Wisconsin.
Martha Morse[edit]
Allan Alexander Morse
Margaret Drummond
Grisell "Grisie" Morse (b. 1774)
Alisdair Morse (b.1776)
Robert "Robbie" Morse (b.1778)
Duncan Morse (b.1780)
Martha Morse
(1782–1862)
Martha Morse was born on January 2, 1782 in Scotland, where her father was a wealthy landowners in the Scottish Highlands. Her mostly fictionalised story was told in the four-book series The Martha Years, by Melissa Wiley. Martha was Charlotte Tucker's mother and great-grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.
Martha married Lewis Tucker, a blacksmith's son. Lewis and Martha travelled to the United States and began their new life near Boston, Massachusetts, becoming the first of Laura's ancestors to immigrate to America.
The Wilder family[edit]
Main article: Wilder family

Daniel Wilder (1764–1851)
Mary Polly Gould (1765–1828)
Thomas Payne
Sarah Stewart Mason
Abel Wilder (1784–1849)
Hannah Payne (1790–1842)
Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815)
Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?)
James Mason Wilder (1812–?)
Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891)
Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887)
Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890)
Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851)
William Wilder (1828–1909)
Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892)
Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)
Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815)
Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?)
James Mason Wilder (1812–?) – Almanzo's father. Married Angeline Albina Day.
Laura Ann Wilder (1844–1899) – born June 15, 1844, in 1874 married Harrison Lomanzo Howard.
Kearny Howard (step-child, born c.1869)
Angelina Esther Howard (1876–1964), in 1897 married Fred Merritt.
Ralph Merritt
Ethel Merritt
Howard Merritt
Harrison J.Howard (1878–1918)
Josephine Howard (1880–1918), married to William Walker
Ralph Waldo Howard (1881–1934), married to Estelle C.
Charles E. Howard (1908–1978)
Clarence Howard (1909–1913)
James J. Howard (1911–1981)
Ralph R. Howard (1913–1921)
Ralph Waldo Howard (1914–1976)
Paul Martin Howard (1920–1923)
Royal Gould Wilder (1847–1925), born February 20, 1847. In 1893, married Electa Averill Hutchison.
Ethel Hutchinson (step-child, died 1905), married Willard Stevens (died in 1928)
Clyde Hutchinson (step-child), married Edna Baily
Rae Hutchinson (step-child), married Bertha Luedtke (died 1910)
Mae Hutchinson (step-child), in 1912 married George Pooler
Angeline Bernice Wilder (1894–1957), in 1917 married Arlow Laging and in 1929, George Granger.
"baby girl" Wilder (stillborn in 1897)
Susan E. Wilder (1898–1899)
Eliza Jane Wilder (1850–1930), born January 3, 1850. In 1893, married Thomas Jefferson Thayer and in 1904, Maxwell Gordon. Died in Los Angeles.
Walcott Wilder Thayer (1894–1965), in 1918 married Frances Cockrell.
Walter Thayer – married Elaine Ditch
Cynthia Thayer
Walter Thayer
Francis Gervaise Thayer – married Alena (last name unknown).
Thomas Thayer
Larry Thayer
Betty Mae Thayer – married a man with the surname Raymond, and later, a man with the surname Huey.
Cynthia Raymond
Walter Raymond
David Huey
Joan Huey
Donald Huey
Alice Wilder (1853–1892), born September 3, 1853. In 1879 married Albert A.Baldwin (1848–1905). Died in Florida.
Myrtle Baldwin (1880–1945), married to John R. Brown
Leland Edward Baldwin (1884–1913)
Almanzo Wilder (1857–1949)
Perley Day Wilder (1869–1934), born June 13, 1869, In 1897 married Elsie Lillian Merritt (1879–1948). Died in Los Angeles.
James Wilder (1903–?), married Thelma Gricourt
Gladys Wilder (1905–?)
Harold Wilder (1909–?)
Perley Wilder Jr., (1912–1977), married to Ethel Smith, and later, Dolores Moore
Dorothy Wilder (1914–1966). Married to Carl Pittman
John Wilder (1916–1916)
Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891)
Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887) – born after his eldest brother's death (and so named after him). He became a reverend and married Eliza Jane Smith.
Robert Wilder
Grace Wilder
William Wilder
Edward Wilder
Mary Jane Wilder
Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890) – married Joseph C.Lamson.
Chester Lamson (1854–1934) – married Catherine McDonough.
Mabel Lamson (1888–1982)
Charles Lamson
Gussie Lamson
"baby girl" Lamson
Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851)
William Wilder (1828–1909)
Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) – married Andrew Day (her sister-in-law's – Almanzo's mother – brother)
Carrie May Day (1856–1898) – married Orville Everett.
Frances Everett – married a man with the last name of Smith.
Dorothy Belle Smith
Elmer A.Day (1862–1947) – married to Mary MacMaster (1864–1945)
Willard R.Day (1858–1891) – married Emma Hubbard
Grace Day (1864–1894) – married to Grant Collins
Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)
The Day family[edit]

Justin Day, I
unknown
unknown
unknown
Justin Day, II
(1790–1861)
Diadema Bateman (1794–1868)
Laura Day (1819–?)
Delia Day (1824–?)
Angelina Albina Day (1821–?)
Calinda A.Day (1826–?)
Andrew Day
(1828–?)
John Wesley Day (1829–1907)
George W.Day (1821–1872)
Laura Day (1819–?)
Delia Day (1824–?)
Angelina Albina Day (1821–?) – married James Mason Wilder and they had six children, including Almanzo James Wilder (Laura Ingalls Wilder's husband). For more information, see above.
Celinda A.Day (1826–?)
Andrew Day (1828–?) – married Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) and they had four children. For more information, see the Wilders' tree above (since Sarah was a sister of Almanzo's father).
John Wesley Day (1829–1907) – married Alcesta Lindy.
Fred Day
Frank Day
Albert Day
Wilton Day
George W.Day (1831–1873)
Neighbors, friends and acquaintances[edit]
Real people[edit]
Robert and Ellie Boast, were neighbors and friends of the Ingalls family.[2][3][4][5]
Reverend Edward Brown,[6][7][8] was the reverend and Ingalls's neighbour in De Smet, South Dakota</ref>
Ida Wright-Brown, was an adopted daughter of the Reverend and Laura's school friend in De Smet[9]
Oscar Edmund "Cap" Garland was one of the male school friends of Laura. He saved the town from starvation by going 15 miles to find wheat in a blizzard, along with Almanzo Wilder.[10][11]
Florence Adelia Garland Dawley was a teacher in De Smet and an older sister of Cap Garland.[12][13]
Mary Power,[14][15][16] was Laura's friend in De Smet
Neta Seal,[17][18] was a real-life close friend of grown-up Laura in Mansfield, Missouri
Dr. Tann,[19][20] was the Indian's doctor in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there
Characters based on real people[edit]
Lew Brewster was a pseudonym for Louis Bouchie,[21] a homesteader who offered Laura her first teaching job.
Mr. Edwards, Ingalls's fictional friend
The Kennedy Family were the Ingalls's neighbors in Walnut Grove, Minnesota and their children went to school with Mary and Laura
Nellie Oleson was actually three real people: Nellie Owens, Genevieve Masters, and Stella Gilbert.
Soldat du Chene,[22] was a fictional Osage chief in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Little House on the Prairie Season 8 Episode 8 Chicago". TV.com. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Little House on the Prairie". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ "Ella (Nell) Peck Boast (1852 - 1918) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Robert and Ella Boast at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ Robert and Ella Boast at Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society
Jump up ^ "Rev Edward Brown (1814 - 1895) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Reverend Brown at Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society
Jump up ^ Reverend Brown at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ "Ida Belle Wright-Brown McConnell (1866 - 1926) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Cap Garland at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ "Oscar Edmund "Cap" Garland (1864 - 1891) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Florence Garland at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ "Florence Adelia Garland Dawley (1862 - 1935) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ "Mary Power Sanford (1866 - 1929) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Mary Power at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ Mary Power at Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society
Jump up ^ "Neta V Seal (1904 - 1996) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Neta Seal at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ "George A. Tann (1825 - 1909) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ George A. Tann at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
Jump up ^ "Louis Herbert Bouchie (1859 - 1894) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com.
Jump up ^ Soldat du Chene at Laura Ingalls Wilder: Frontier Girl
External links[edit]
Laura's family at Frontier Girl
Official Little House books homepage
Laura's and Almanzo's relatives
Genealogy - Laura Ingalls Wilder
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Laura Ingalls Wilder
Little House
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