text:
Go Go Power Rangers
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"Go Go Power Rangers"
Single by Ron Wasserman
from the album Mighty Morphin Power Rangers The Album: A Rock Adventure
Released
US: December 2, 1994
UK: December 14, 1994
Format
Cassette tape
Genre
Heavy metal, power metal
Length
4:43
Label
Saban Records[1]
Songwriter(s)
Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
Producer(s)
Ron Wasserman
"Go Go Power Rangers" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as "Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW." It was released by Saban Records, later renamed Saban Music Group of Saban Capital Group,[1] on CD and cassette formats in the US on December 2, 1994, and in the UK December 14, 1994. The song serves as the opening theme for the first three seasons of the original Power Rangers series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. The song, with minor alterations of its lyrics, was also used for the mini-series Alien Rangers. The titular refrain, "Go Go Power Rangers!", has become a popular catchphrase associated with the show, and it has been used in several other themes for the series.
The instrumental track was originally written for use in X-Men but never used, then chosen among available tracks for Power Rangers.[citation needed] The lyrics and melody were then added. A long version was also produced for the album.
A cover of the song, performed by Noam Kaniel, has been used as the show's intro theme since 2011, starting with the 18th season of the franchise, Power Rangers Samurai. A rearrangement of Kaniel's version was used for 2013's Power Rangers Megaforce, revising some lyrics to reflect that season. Another rearrangement, again with revised lyrics, was later used for Power Rangers Dino Charge and Power Rangers Ninja Steel.
Contents
1 Track list
2 1995 film version
3 2012 Re-Recording
4 Cover version
5 Newer versions
6 References
Track list[edit]
Cassette tape
Go Go Power Rangers (Euro Mix)
Go Go Power Rangers (Original LP Long Version)
1995 film version[edit]
"Go Go Power Rangers"
Single by The Power Rangers Orchestra
from the album Mighty Morphin Power Rangers The Movie: Original Soundtrack Album
Released
May 30, 1995
Format
Cassette tape
Recorded
Rumbo Recorders, Canoga Park, Los Angeles
Genre
Heavy metal, power metal
Length
5:03
Songwriter(s)
Ron Westerman
Ron Kenan
Producer(s)
Ron Neverlaid
For the 1995 film adaptation Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie a new Dr. Strange arrangement of "Go Go Power Rangers" was recorded for the film's soundtrack. The song was performed by "The Power Rangers Orchestra:" a collaboration that featured credits of Mr. Big front man Eric Martin, guitarist Tim Pierce, former Pablo Cruise bass player John Pierce, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and former Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum. This version of the song is also featured in 2017's Power Rangers.
2012 Re-Recording[edit]
In 2012, Wasserman re-recorded "Go Go Power Rangers," along with "the best known songs"[2] from the first four seasons of Power Rangers, and released a digital album titled Power Rangers Redux to both his personal Bandcamp and iTunes. Of the album, Wasserman said, "The original recordings were done quickly to keep up with the production schedule...I wanted to use today’s technology, and my additional 20+ years of experience as a producer, to 'punch up' the performances and energy to match today's sound.” [2]
Cover version[edit]
As part of his cover album Enson released in 2008, Masaaki Endoh of JAM Project recorded a cover of "Go Go Power Rangers."[3]
Newer versions[edit]
The song, when used as the main theme for Power Rangers Samurai and Power Rangers Super Samurai, was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, Power Rangers Megaforce and Power Rangers Super Megaforce, Power Rangers Dino Charge and Power Rangers Dino Super Charge, and Power Rangers Ninja Steel all were also performed by Kaniel.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Saban Music Group". Saban. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
^ Jump up to: a b http://ronwasserman.bandcamp.com/album/power-rangers-redux
Jump up ^ Wasserman, Ron (2008). "Go Go Power Rangers" (CD) (in Japanese). Endoh, Masaaki. Japan: Lantis.
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Battle of Bennington
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Battle of Bennington
Part of the American Revolutionary War

A 1780 map depicting the troop positions at the start of the battle
Date
August 16, 1777
Location
Walloomsac, Town of Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York; about 10 miles (16 km) from Bennington, Vermont
42°56′19″N 73°18′16″W / 42.93861°N 73.30444°W / 42.93861; -73.30444Coordinates: 42°56′19″N 73°18′16″W / 42.93861°N 73.30444°W / 42.93861; -73.30444
Result
American victory
Belligerents
United States
Vermont Republic
Great Britain
Quebec
Loyalists
Brunswick
Hesse-Cassel
Hesse-Hanau
Iroquois
Commanders and leaders
John Stark
Seth Warner
Friedrich Baum †
Heinrich Breymann
Strength
2,000 (Stark)[1]
350 (Warner)[2] 800 (Baum)[3]
550–650 (Breymann)[4][5]
Casualties and losses
30 killed
40 wounded[6] 207 killed
700 captured[7][8] 4 cannon (2-3pdr Baum, 2-6pdr Breymann) lost
hide
v
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e
Saratoga Campaign
1777
Fort Ticonderoga
Hubbardton
Fort Anne
Slaying of Jane McCrea
Fort Stanwix
Oriskany
Bennington
1st Saratoga (Freeman's Farm)
Forts Clinton and Montgomery
2nd Saratoga (Bemis Heights)
Kingston
The Battle of Bennington was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, part of the Saratoga campaign, that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about 10 miles (16 km) from its namesake Bennington, Vermont. A rebel force of 2,000 men, primarily New Hampshire and Massachusetts militiamen, led by General John Stark, and reinforced by Vermont militiamen led by Colonel Seth Warner and members of the Green Mountain Boys, decisively defeated a detachment of General John Burgoyne's army led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, and supported by additional men under Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann.
Baum's detachment was a mixed force of 700 composed primarily of Hessians but also including small amounts of dismounted Brunswick dragoons, Canadians, Loyalists, and Indians.[7] He was sent by Burgoyne to raid Bennington in the disputed New Hampshire Grants area for horses, draft animals, provisions, and other supplies. Believing the town to be only lightly defended, Burgoyne and Baum were unaware that Stark and 1,500 militiamen were stationed there. After a rain-caused standoff, Stark's men enveloped Baum's position, taking many prisoners, and killing Baum. Reinforcements for both sides arrived as Stark and his men were mopping up, and the battle restarted, with Warner and Stark driving away Breymann's reinforcements with heavy casualties.
The battle was a major strategic success for the American cause; it reduced Burgoyne's army in size by almost 1,000 men, led his Indian support to largely abandon him, and deprived him of much-needed supplies, such as mounts for his cavalry regiments, draft animals and provisions; all factors that contributed to Burgoyne's eventual defeat at Saratoga. The victory galvanized colonial support for the independence movement, and played a key role in bringing France into the war on the rebel side. The battle's anniversary is celebrated in the state of Vermont as Bennington Battle Day.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 British forces
1.2 American forces
2 Prelude
3 Battle
4 Aftermath
5 Order of battle
5.1 United States and Vermont troops
5.2 British and German troops
6 Commemorations
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Background[edit]
Main article: Saratoga campaign
With the American Revolutionary War two years old, the British changed their plans. Giving up on the rebellious New England colonies, they decided to split the Thirteen Colonies and isolate New England from what the British believed to be the more loyal southern colonies. The British command devised a grand plan to divide the colonies via a three-way pincer movement.[9] The western pincer, under the command of Barry St. Leger, was repulsed when the Siege of Fort Stanwix failed,[10] and the southern pincer, which was to progress up the Hudson valley from New York City, never started since General William Howe decided instead to capture Philadelphia.[11]
The northern pincer, proceeding southward from Montreal, enjoyed the most success. After the British victories at Hubbardton, Fort Ticonderoga, and Fort Anne, General John Burgoyne proceeded with the Saratoga campaign, with the goal of capturing Albany and gaining control of the Hudson River Valley, where Burgoyne's force could (as the plan went) meet the other pincers, dividing the colonies in two.[9]
British forces[edit]
Burgoyne's progress towards Albany had initially met with some success, including the scattering of Seth Warner's men in the Battle of Hubbardton. However, his advance had slowed to a crawl by late July, due to logistical difficulties, exacerbated by the American destruction of a key road, and the army's supplies began to dwindle.[12] Burgoyne's concern over supplies was magnified in early August when he received word from Howe that he (Howe) was going to Philadelphia, and was not in fact going to advance up the Hudson River valley.[13] In response to a proposal first made on July 22 by the commander of his German troops, Baron Riedesel,[14] Burgoyne sent a detachment of about 800 troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum from Fort Miller on a foraging mission to acquire horses for the German dragoons, draft animals to assist in moving the army, and to harass the enemy.[12] Baum's detachment was primarily made up of dismounted Brunswick Army dragoons of the Prinz Ludwig regiment. Along the way it was joined by local companies of Loyalists, some Canadians and about 100 Indians, and a company of British sharpshooters.[15] Baum was originally ordered to proceed to the Connecticut River valley where they believed horses could be procured for the dragoons.[16] However, as Baum was preparing to leave, Burgoyne verbally changed the goal to be a supply depot at Bennington, which was believed to be guarded by the remnants of Warner's brigade, about 400 colonial militia.[17]
General John Stark
American forces[edit]
Unknown to Burgoyne, the citizens of the New Hampshire Grants territory (which was then disputed between New York and the Vermont Republic) had appealed to the states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts for protection from the invading army following the British capture of Ticonderoga.[18] New Hampshire responded on July 18 by authorizing John Stark to raise a militia for the defense of the people "or the annoyance of the enemy".[12][19] Using funds provided by John Langdon, Stark raised 1,500 New Hampshire militiamen in the space of six days, more than ten percent of New Hampshire's male population over the age of sixteen.[20] They were first marched to the Fort at Number 4 (modern Charlestown, New Hampshire), then crossed the river border into the Grants and stopped at Manchester, where Stark conferred with Warner.[12][18] While in Manchester, General Benjamin Lincoln, whose promotion in preference to Stark had been the cause for Stark's resignation from the Continental Army, attempted to assert Army authority over Stark and his men.[21] Stark refused, stating that he was solely responsible to the New Hampshire authorities.[12] Stark then went on to Bennington with Warner as a guide, while Warner's men remained in Manchester.[4] Lincoln returned to the American camp at Stillwater, where he and General Philip Schuyler hatched a plan for Lincoln, with 500 men, to join with Stark and Warner in actions to harass Burgoyne's communications and supply lines at Skenesboro. Baum's movements significantly altered these plans.[22]
Prelude[edit]
Baum's Germans left Burgoyne's camp at Fort Edward on August 9 and marched to Fort Miller, where they waited until they were joined by the Indians and a company of British marksmen. The company marched off toward Bennington on August 11.[23] In minor skirmishes along the way they learned from prisoners taken that a sizable force was in place at Bennington.[24] On August 14 Baum's men encountered a detachment of Stark's men that had been sent out to investigate reports of Indians in the area. Stark's men retreated, destroying a bridge to delay Baum's advance. Stark, on receiving word of the approaching force, sent a request to Manchester for support, and then moved his troops out of Bennington toward Baum's force, setting up a defensive line.[4] Baum sent a message to Burgoyne following the first contact indicating that the American force was larger than expected, but that it was likely to retreat before him. He then advanced a few miles further until he neared Stark's position. He then realized that at least part of his first message was incorrect, so he sent a second message to Burgoyne, requesting reinforcements.[25]
An early 20th-century map depicting the battlefield
It rained for the next day and a half, preventing battle. During this time, Baum's men constructed a small redoubt at the crest of the hill and hoped that the weather would prevent the Americans from attacking before reinforcements arrived.[4] Stark sent out skirmishers to probe the German lines, and managed to kill thirty Indians in spite of the difficulties of keeping their gunpowder dry.[26][27] Reinforcements for both sides marched out on the 15th; travel was quite difficult due to the heavy rains. Burgoyne sent 550 men under Heinrich von Breymann, while Warner's company of about 350 Green Mountain Boys came south from Manchester under Lieutenant Samuel Safford's command.[4][2]
Late on the night of August 15, Stark was awakened by the arrival of Parson Thomas Allen and a band of Massachusetts militiamen from nearby Berkshire County who insisted on joining his force. In response to the minister's fiery threat that his men would never come out again if they were not allowed to participate, Stark is reported to have said, "Would you go now on this dark and rainy night? Go back to your people and tell them to get some rest if they can, and if the Lord gives us sunshine to-morrow and I do not give you fighting enough, I will never call on you to come again."[28] Stark's forces again swelled the next day with the arrival of some Stockbridge Indians, bringing his force (excluding Warner's men) to nearly 2,000 men.[1]
Stark was not the only beneficiary of unexpected reinforcements. Baum's force grew by almost 100 when a group of local Loyalists arrived in his camp on the morning of August 16.[3]
Battle[edit]
Battle of Bennington, c. 1900
On the afternoon of August 16, the weather cleared, and Stark ordered his men to be ready to attack. Stark is reputed to have rallied his troops by saying they were here to fight for their "natural born rights as Englishmen"[29] and he added "There are your enemies, the Red Coats and the Tories. They are ours, or this night Molly Stark sleeps a widow."[30] Upon hearing that the militia had melted away into the woods, Baum assumed that the Americans were retreating or redeploying.[31] However, Stark had decided to capitalize on weaknesses in the German's widely distributed position, and had sent sizable flanking parties to either side of his lines.[4] These movements were assisted by a ruse employed by Stark's men that enabled them to get closer safely without alarming the opposing forces. The Germans, most of whom spoke no English, had been told that soldiers with bits of white paper in their hat were Loyalists, and should not be fired on; Stark's men had also heard this and many of them had suitably adorned their hats.[31]
American militiamen storming the Hessian positions.
When the fighting broke out around 3:00 PM the German position was immediately surrounded by gunfire, which Stark described as "the hottest engagement I have ever witnessed, resembling a continual clap of thunder."[32] The Loyalists and Indian positions were overrun, causing many of them to flee or surrender. This left Baum and his Brunswick dragoons trapped alone on the high ground. The Germans fought valiantly even after running low on powder and the destruction of their ammunition wagon. In desperation the dragoons led a sabre charge in an attempt to break through the enveloping forces. The charge failed horrendously, resulting in massive German casualties and gaining no ground on the rebels. Baum was mortally wounded in this final charge, and the remaining Germans surrendered.[31]
After the battle ended, while Stark's militiamen were busy disarming the prisoners and looting their supplies, Breymann arrived with his reinforcements. Seeing the Americans in disarray, they immediately pressed their attack. After hastily regrouping, Stark's forces tried to hold their ground against the new German onslaught, but began to fall back. Before their lines collapsed, Warner's men arrived on the scene to reinforce Stark's troops. Pitched battle continued until dark, when both sides disengaged. Breymann began a hasty retreat; he had lost one quarter of his force and all of his artillery pieces.[31]
Aftermath[edit]
The Bennington flag was long incorrectly believed to have flown during the battle.[33]
The Bennington Battle Monument in Bennington, Vermont
Total German and British losses at Bennington were recorded at 207 dead and 700 captured;[8] American losses included 30 Americans dead and 40 wounded.[6] The battle was at times particularly brutal when Loyalists met Patriots, as in some cases they came from the same communities.[34] The prisoners, who were first kept in Bennington, were eventually marched to Boston.[35]
Burgoyne's army was readying to cross the Hudson at Fort Edward on August 17 when the first word of the battle arrived. Believing that reinforcements might be necessary, Burgoyne marched the army toward Bennington until further word arrived that Breymann and the remnants of his force were returning. Stragglers continued to arrive throughout the day and night, while word of the disaster spread within the camp.[36]
The effect on Burgoyne's campaign was significant. Not only had he lost nearly 1,000 men, of which half were regulars, but he also lost the crucial Indian support. In a council following the battle, many of the Indians (who had traveled with him from Quebec) decided to go home. This loss severely hampered Burgoyne's reconnaissance efforts in the days to come.[8] The failure to bring in nearby supplies meant that he had to rely on supply lines that were already dangerously long, and that he eventually broke in September.[37] The shortage of supplies was a significant factor in his decision to surrender at Saratoga,[38] following which France entered the war.[39]
American Patriots reacted to news of the battle with optimism. Especially after Burgoyne's Indian screen left him, small groups of local Patriots began to emerge to harass the fringes of British positions.[40] Interestingly, a significant portion of Stark's force returned home[41] and did not again become influential in the campaign until appearing at Saratoga on October 13 to complete the encirclement of Burgoyne's army.[42]
John Stark's reward from the New Hampshire General Assembly for "the Memorable Battle of Bennington" was "a compleat suit of Clothes becoming his Rank".[43] A reward that Stark likely valued the highest was a message of thanks from John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress, which included a commission as "brigadier in the army of the United States".[43]
Order of battle[edit]
The battle forces are generally described as in Morrissey.[5][44] His numbers are generally consistent with other sources on the British units, although there is disagreement across a wide array of sources on the number of troops under Breymann, which are generally listed at either approximately 550 or 650.[4][2] Morrissey is also incorrect in identifying some of the American units. He identifies William Gregg as having a separate command; Gregg apparently led several companies in Nichols' regiment.[45] Morrissey also failed to include the Massachusetts militia,[46] and misidentified Langdon's company, erroneously believing they may have been from Worcester, Massachusetts.[47] (Militia companies from the Worcester area marched on Bennington, with some companies arriving the day after the battle.)[48] Langdon originally raised his company in 1776, but it did not become a cavalry unit until 1778.[49]
United States and Vermont troops[edit]
New Hampshire militia regiments
Hobart's Regiment of Militia 150
Nichols' Regiment of Militia 550
Stickney's Regiment of Militia 150
Langdon's Company of Light Horse Volunteers (number unknown, were infantry at the time)
Additional New Hampshire militia 1,000
Vermont militia regiments
Herrick's Regiment 300
Additional Vermont Rangers 200
Massachusetts militia regiments
Simonds' Regiment of Militia (number unknown)
Continental Regiments
Warner's Additional Continental Regiment (Green Mountain Boys, commanded by Safford) 150
British and German troops[edit]
Baum's forces
Prinz Ludwig Dragoons 205
Grenadiers 24
Light infantry 57
Line infantry (from regiments of Riedesel, Specht, and Rhetz) 37
Hesse-Hanau artillery 13
Queen's Loyal Rangers (Peters) over 150
British marksmen 48
Local Loyalists (Pfister, Covel) over 150
Canadians 56
Indians (Lanaudière, Campbell) over 100
Breymann's forces
Grenadiers 353
Light infantry 277
Hesse-Hanau artillery 20
Commemorations[edit]
150th anniversary of Battle of Bennington commemorative stamp
Historic Marker marking the Bennington Battlefield Park
August 16 is a legal holiday in Vermont, known as Bennington Battle Day.[50] The battlefield, now a New York state historic site, was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 20, 1961, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.[51][52] In the 1870s, the local historic society in Bennington commissioned the design and construction of the Bennington Battle Monument, which was complete in 1889 and dedicated in 1891 with ceremonies attended by President Benjamin Harrison. The Monument, an obelisk 306 feet (93 m) high, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[52][53] Although the monument was not ready in time to mark the centennial of the battle, the 100th anniversary of the battle was marked by speeches attended by President Rutherford B. Hayes.[54]
Every year on Bennington Battle Day there is a firing of the Molly Stark Cannon, the oldest firing cannon in the United States. The cannon was captured at the Battle of Bennington.
See also[edit]
American Revolutionary War portal
Capital District portal
List of American Revolutionary War battles
USS Bennington – aircraft carrier named in honor of the battle
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Nickerson (1967), p. 247
^ Jump up to: a b c Nickerson (1967), p. 245
^ Jump up to: a b Nickerson (1967), p. 249
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pancake (1977), p. 136
^ Jump up to: a b Morrissey (2000), p. 22 (British forces)
^ Jump up to: a b Crockett (1921), p. 135
^ Jump up to: a b The Battle of Bennington: Soldiers & Civilians By Michael P. Gabriel
^ Jump up to: a b c Pancake (1977), p. 139
^ Jump up to: a b Ketchum (1997), pp. 84–85
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 335
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 82
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Pancake (1977), p. 135
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 283
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 233
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 239
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), pp. 235–238. Contains a transcription of Burgoyne's order to Baum.
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 240
^ Jump up to: a b Nickerson (1967), p. 224
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), pp. 285–287
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 287
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 232
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 290
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 296
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 297
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 243
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), pp. 244–245
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 303
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), pp. 246–247
Jump up ^ The American Republic: Primary Sources by Bruce Frohnen, Liberty Fund, 2002 pg. 19
Jump up ^ Crockett (1921), p. 125
^ Jump up to: a b c d Pancake (1977), p. 138
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 307
Jump up ^ A history of the Bennington Flag
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), pp. 297, 325
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 326
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 321
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), pp. 323, 340–341
Jump up ^ Ketchum (1997), p. 418
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 411
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), pp. 268–269
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), p. 265
Jump up ^ Nickerson (1967), pp. 385–386
^ Jump up to: a b Ketchum (1997), p. 327
Jump up ^ Morrissey (2000), pp. 25–26 (American forces)
Jump up ^ Griffin (1904), p. 226
Jump up ^ Niles (1912), p. 337
Jump up ^ Morrissey (2000), pp. 26
Jump up ^ Worcester Historic Society (1881), p. 136
Jump up ^ Head (1866), p. 333
Jump up ^ Vermont State Holidays
Jump up ^ NHL summary listing
^ Jump up to: a b National Register Information System
Jump up ^ Bennington Battle Monument
Jump up ^ Bartlett (1894), p. 445
References[edit]
Bartlett, Samuel Colcord (1894). Anniversary Addresses. Boston: Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society. OCLC 844053.
Crockett, Walter Hill (1921). Vermont: The Green Mountain State, volume 2. New York: The Century history company. OCLC 9412165.
Gabriel, Michael P. (2012). The Battle of Bennington: Soldiers and Civilians. The History Press. ISBN 978-1609495152.
Griffin, Simon Goodell; Whitcomb,Frank H; Applegate, Octavius (1904). A History of the Town of Keene from 1732. Sentinel Printing. OCLC 887449.
Head, Natt (Adjutant-General) (1866). Report of the Adjutant-General for the year ending June 1, 1866. Concord, NH: G.E. Jenks. OCLC 35852277.
Ketchum, Richard M (1997). Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-6123-9. OCLC 41397623.
Morrissey, Brendan (2000). Saratoga 1777: Turning Point of a Revolution. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-862-4. OCLC 43419003.
Nickerson, Hoffman (1967) [1928]. The Turning Point of the Revolution. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat. OCLC 549809.
Niles, Grace Greylock (1912). The Hoosac Valley: its legends and its history. G.P. Putnam's Sons. OCLC 4293711.
Pancake, John S (1977). 1777: The Year of the Hangman. University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-5112-4. OCLC 2680864.
Worcester Historical Society (1881). Collections of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, Volume 1. Worcester Historical Society. OCLC 10840331.
"A history of the Bennington Flag". Bennington Museum. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
"Vermont State Holidays". Vermont Department of Human Resources. Archived from the original on 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
"Bennington Battle Monument". Bennington Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
"Bennington Battlefield". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-08. Archived from the original on 2009-08-21. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Bennington.
The Battle of Bennington: An American Victory, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
Official Battlefield page
The Riflemen's Song at Bennington
Bennington Battlefield on the Historical Marker Database
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List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom by size
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This is a list of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom, listed by retail size in square metres (m2). Only centres with space of 70,000 m2 or more are listed. Some of these are out-of-town centres, while others are part of a city or town centre shopping district, which in almost all cases also includes many stores not part of the shopping centre. Many city and town centre shopping districts not represented in this list are larger than some of the centres listed.
Shopping Centre
City/Town
Region
Area (m2)
Annual visitors
(where available)
1st Westfield London Shepherd's Bush, London Greater London 241,547[1] 27.3 million (2016)[2]
2nd intu Metrocentre Gateshead, Tyne and Wear North East England 190,000[3] 21 million
3rd intu Trafford Centre Trafford, Greater Manchester North West England 180,900[4] 32 million[5]
4th Westfield Stratford City Stratford, London Greater London 175,000[6] 42 million [7]
5th Bluewater Greenhithe, Kent South East England 155,700[8] 27 million (2010)[9]
6th Liverpool One Liverpool North West England 154,000[10] 26 million (2013)[11]
7th Intu Merry Hill Dudley, West Midlands West Midlands 148,645[12] 22 million (2016)[13]
8th Meadowhall Shopping Centre* Sheffield Yorkshire and the Humber 139,355*[14] 25 million[15]
9th Manchester Arndale Manchester North West England 139,354[16] 42 million[17]
10th Lakeside Thurrock, Essex South East England 133,780[18] 25 million[19]
11th St. David's Cardiff Wales 130,100[18] 38.5 million [20]
12th Bullring Birmingham West Midlands 127,100,[21] 40 million (2012)[22]
13th Eldon Square Newcastle North East England 125,419[18] 34 - 36 million (2012)[23]
14th thecentre:mk Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire South East 120,773[24] 27 million (2010)[25]
15th Whitgift Croydon, London Greater London 111,000[26]
16th Highcross Leicester East Midlands 110,000[21] 18.5 million (2009–10)[27]
17th Intu Derby Derby, Derbyshire East Midlands 106,130[28] 25 million (2010)[29]
18th East Kilbride Shopping Centre East Kilbride, Lanarkshire Scotland 106,030[30]
19th Kingfisher Redditch, Worcestershire West Midlands 102,000[31]
20th Festival Place Basingstoke, Hampshire South East 102,000[32]
21st Telford Shopping Centre Telford, Shropshire West Midlands 100,000[33]
22nd Braehead Renfrew, Renfrewshire Scotland 98,477[18]
23rd Cabot Circus Bristol South West 96,200[34]
24th The Mall at Cribbs Causeway Patchway, South Gloucestershire South West 95,225[35]
25th Trinity Leeds Leeds Yorkshire & The Humber 93,000[36]
26th The Centre Livingston, West Lothian Scotland 92,900[37]
27th Victoria Centre Nottingham East Midlands 91,140[38]
28th Silverburn Centre Pollok, Glasgow Scotland 91,100[39]
29th Brent Cross Hendon, London Greater London 82,800[21]
30th Frenchgate Centre Doncaster, South Yorkshire Yorkshire and the Humber 82,000[citation needed]
31st Queensgate Peterborough, Cambridgeshire East 81,000[40]
32nd Cwmbran Shopping Centre Cwmbran, Torfaen Wales 79,000[41]
33rd Eden High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire South East 79,000[citation needed]
34th Centrale Croydon, London Greater London 76,180[citation needed]
35th WestQuay Shopping Centre Southampton South East 75,600[39]
36th Victoria Square Belfast Northern Ireland 75,000[citation needed]
37th Westgate Oxford Oxford, Oxfordshire South East 74,322[42]
38th The Merrion Centre Leeds Yorkshire & The Humber 74,300[43]
39th White Rose Centre Leeds Yorkshire & The Humber 71,100
40th The Oracle Reading, Berkshire South East 70,700[39]
41st The Mall Luton Luton, Bedfordshire East 70,100[44]
42nd St. Enoch Shopping Centre Glasgow Scotland 70,000
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shopping centres in the United Kingdom.
List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom
List of the world's largest shopping malls
List of largest shopping malls in Canada
List of largest shopping malls in the United States
References[edit]
Citations
Jump up ^ "Westfield Property Portfolio – Westfield London". Westfield Group. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Westfield has 23m visitors in first year". Archived from the original on 2010-08-22. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
Jump up ^ "intu Metrocentre, Gateshead | intu". intu Group. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
Jump up ^ "Intu - Trafford Centre - Key Facts". Intu Properties. Retrieved 2015-04-21.
Jump up ^ "http://www.peel.co.uk/activities/shoppingcentres/traffordcentre". External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Westfield Group Property Portfolio: Stratford City Overview". Westfield UK. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
Jump up ^ http://westfield.completelyretail.co.uk/shopping-centres/scheme/Westfield-Stratford-City-London.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Briefing Note PDF" (PDF). Land Securities. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bluewater Shopping Mall Says Annual Visitors Reach 28.1 Million".
Jump up ^ Liverpool ONE Education Fact Sheet
Jump up ^ Liverpool City Centre Main Retail Area Review
Jump up ^ "Intu Property Portfolio – Merry Hill". Intu Group. Retrieved 25 Oct 2016. 1.6m sq ft of retail, catering and leisure space
Jump up ^ "Intu Property Portfolio". Retrieved 25 Oct 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
Jump up ^ Ruddick, Graham (4 January 2011). "British Land, London & Stamford consider Meadowhall expansion". Daily Telegraph. Meadowhall in Sheffield boasts 1.4m sq ft of retail space and 250 stores, attracting more than 25m visitors every year
Jump up ^ Brown, Jonathan (3 May 2012). "Manchester Arndale - Key Facts". The Independent. London.
Jump up ^ "Manchester Arndale - Key Facts".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Portfolio – Our Centres". Capital Shopping Centres. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lakeside Shopping Centre development could create jobs". BBC. 1 March 2011. The centre attracts 25 million visitors a year
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hammerson, 2009, p. 114.
Jump up ^ "BullRing Birmingham". Hammerson. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
Jump up ^ . Intu Group http://www.intugroup.co.uk/where-we-do-it/our-centres/intu-eldon-square/key-facts/. Retrieved 18 October 2013. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Trevor Wood, 2008. "1,300,000 sq ft". If the figure for Midsummer Place, a separate centre adjoining thecentre:mk, is included, the floor area would be 166,000 m² (thecentre:mk, Facts and Figures (archived 1 Feb 2008), "1.79m sq ft (GLA)").
Jump up ^ "Facts and Figures – thecentre:mk". With thecentre:mk boasting around 27 million visits per annum and a number new lettings over last year – shopping just gets better
Jump up ^ "Westfield mulls Croydon Whitgift shopping centre move". BBC News. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2012. Plans have also been drawn up to revamp the centre of Croydon over the next few years, including the area around the Whitgift, which is 1.2m sq ft (111,484 sq m) in size.
Jump up ^ "Highcross Leicester celebrates first birthday". thisisleicestershire.co.uk. 4 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Westfield Property Portfolio". Westfield. Archived from the original on 2013-02-09. Retrieved 2012-10-11.
Jump up ^ "City reclaims highest ranking in league table of top UK shopping destinations". thisisbusiness-eastmidlands.co.uk. 22 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Trevor Wood, 2008. "1,190,000 sq ft".
Jump up ^ Trevor Wood, 2008. "1,000,000 sq ft".
Jump up ^ Grosvenor
Jump up ^ "Telford – A Unique New Town" (PDF). Transforming Telford. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
Jump up ^ Hammerson, 2009, p. 115 and 116. The owners also own nearby shops with an area of 33,800 sq m.
Jump up ^ CSC, The Mall at Cribbs Causeway Archived 2010-05-22 at the Wayback Machine.. The company also owns a nearby retail park with an area of 22,761 sq m.
Jump up ^ "Trinity Leeds". Trinity Leeds. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
Jump up ^ Livingston shopping centre to reveal Elements Square extension, Retail Week, 14 October 2008. "just under 1 million sq ft".
Jump up ^ Liberty International, 2008, and CSC, Victoria Centre Archived 2009-12-28 at the Wayback Machine..
^ Jump up to: a b c Hammerson, 2009, p. 115.
Jump up ^ Hammerson, 2009, p. 116.
Jump up ^ Key Note, 2008, p. 15.
Jump up ^ https://westgateoxford.co.uk/about-us/your-westgate-Oxford
Jump up ^ http://www.retail-week.com/property/shopping-centres/top-100/
Jump up ^ Mall Corporation, The Mall Arndale – Luton. "755,000 sq ft".
References
Hammerson plc, Annual Report 2013. This report records the net internal area of each of their main properties. Information is also shown in the All Properties section of their website, but that may not be as up-to-date.
Key Note, Market Assessment 2008: Shopping Centres, ISBN 978-1-84729-231-5.
Liberty International PLC, Annual report 2008[permanent dead link]. Page 4 records the size of each centre. This information is also shown in the CSC (Capital Shopping Centres PLC) website.
The Mall Corporation Ltd, Our Malls. This section of their business website shows the size of each centre.
Trevor Wood, Going Shopping 2008: The Definitive Guide to Shopping Centres, Trevor Wood Associates. The top 20 UK shopping centres for overall attractiveness to shoppers, retailers and investors are listed in the executive summary.
Westfield Group, Annual Report 2009. Page 21 records the lettable area of each centre. Information is also shown in the United Kingdom Property Portfolio section of their website, but that may not be as up-to-date.
Value Retail PLC performance [1].
External links[edit]
History and field reports for UK shopping centres
A list of the owners of the UK’s 50 largest shopping centres.
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Superman (It's Not Easy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Superman (It's Not Easy)"
Single by Five for Fighting
from the album America Town
Released
April 2001
Format
CD
7"
Recorded
2000
Genre
Pop rock[1]
Length
3:42
Label
EMI
Songwriter(s)
John Ondrasik
Producer(s)
Gregg Wattenberg
Five for Fighting singles chronology
"Easy Tonight"
(2000) "Superman (It's Not Easy)"
(2001) "Easy Tonight"
(2002)
"Easy Tonight"
(2000) "Superman (It's Not Easy)"
(2001) "Easy Tonight"
(2002)
(re-release)
Music video
"Superman (It's Not Easy)" on YouTube
"Superman (It's Not Easy)" (also titled as "Superman") is a song written and performed by American singer Five for Fighting. It was released in April 2001 as the second single from his second studio album America Town. Following the September 11 attacks, the song was used to honor the victims, survivors, police and firefighters involved in the attacks.[2] The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 38 on October 27, 2001, then subsequently peaked at number 14, becoming Five for Fighting's first top 40 hit in the US. The single was even more popular in Australia and New Zealand, where it reached number two on both countries' national charts. Elsewhere, the song reached the top 20 in Ireland, Italy, and Norway. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Content
2 Music video
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Certifications
5 In popular culture and covers
6 References
7 External links
Content[edit]
The lyrics focus on the iconic hero Superman, specifically how, in the opinion of the singer, his life as a hero is surprisingly difficult despite his immense power.[4]
Music video[edit]
The music video was directed by Ramaa Mosley and premiered in June 2001. A scene from this video was filmed at Yonge Street and Richmond Street in Toronto, Ontario. At the end of the song's music video, John Ondrasik lies in bed with his own wife and son.
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2001–2002)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[5]
2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]
54
Brazil (ABPD)[7]
83
Ireland (IRMA)[8]
5
Italy (FIMI)[9]
11
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[10]
43
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[11]
2
Norway (VG-lista)[12]
12
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[13]
39
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[14]
48
US Billboard Hot 100[15]
14
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[16]
2
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[17]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[18]
15
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2002)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[19]
24
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[20]
32
US Billboard Hot 100[21]
46
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[22]
Platinum 70,000^
United States (RIAA)[23]
Gold 500,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
In popular culture and covers[edit]
The song was covered by shadow musician Catman Cohen in 2005 via CD, How I Want to Live: the Catman Chronicles 2.[24]
The song was covered by Boyce Avenue in 2011 via YouTube music video.[25]
In his 2010 comedy tour, Conan O'Brien sang a cover of the song by himself before Jim Carrey appeared in a Superman suit and the two men sang a duet.[26]
An anonymous cover was played on the seventh series of The X Factor after Liam Payne's audition.[27] The singer of this version was speculated to be Joe McElderry, the winner of the previous series.[28][29] This turned out to be true when the track list for his debut studio album Wide Awake was revealed. McElderry's version reached number 56 in the UK Albums Chart on album downloads alone.
The Australian rock comedy ex boy band trio, The Axis of Awesome parodied this song with a new song, "Birdplane". This song turned out to affect the boy band, as it represented Jordan Raskopoulos and her transgender transition.
Jimmy Fallon parodied the song on Saturday Night Live about the 2002 Winter Olympics and renamed it "Down Hill Ski".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Superman (It's Not Easy) - Five for Fighting Attributes". AllMusic. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/five-for-fighting-sings-9-11-anthem-superman/
Jump up ^ CBS News staff (January 4, 2002). "Complete List Of Grammy Nominees". CBS News. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Superman (It's Not Easy) by Five for Fighting". Songfacts. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Brazil" (PDF). ABPD. October 6, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Superman (It's Not Easy)". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)". Top Digital Download.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Five for Fighting Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Five for Fighting Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Five for Fighting Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Five for Fighting Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 100 Singles 2002". ARIA. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 2002". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Songs of 2002 - Billboard Year End Charts". Bobborst. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2002 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Five for Fighting – Superman (It's Not Easy)". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "How I Want to Live: the Catman Chronicles 2". Allmusic.com.
Jump up ^ "Boyce Avenue - Superman (Five For Fighting Cover)". YouTube.com.
Jump up ^ "Conan O'Brien & Jim Carrey Perform Superman Live". Retrieved 2 May 2011.
Jump up ^ cover version plays in the background after Payne's audition
Jump up ^ Joe McElderry Forums | Joe song on The X Factor ?
Jump up ^ Joe McElderry - Wide Awake
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
v
t
e
Five for Fighting
Studio albums
Message for Albert
America Town
The Battle for Everything
Two Lights
Slice
Bookmarks
Live album
Back Country
Singles
"Easy Tonight"
"Superman (It's Not Easy)"
"100 Years"
"The Riddle"
"World"
"Chances"
"Slice"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superman_(It%27s_Not_Easy)&oldid=846032741"
Categories:
2001 singles
2001 songs
APRA Award winners
Debut singles
Five for Fighting songs
2000s ballads
Rock ballads
Superman music
Songs about comics
Songs about fictional male characters
Billboard Adult Top 40 number-one singles
Songs written by John Ondrasik
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Australia
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Singlechart usages for Italy
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Singlechart usages for Norway
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