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Peter Cullen
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For the Australian water scientist, see Peter Cullen (scientist).
Peter Cullen
Cullen at the January 2015 Sac-Anime
Born
Peter Claver Cullen
(1941-07-28) July 28, 1941 (age 76)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Nationality
Canadian
Occupation
Voice actor
Years active
1962–present
Known for
Voice of Optimus Prime
Children
4
Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known as the voice of Optimus Prime (as well as Ironhide) in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, and most other incarnations of the character, as well, and Eeyore in the Winnie-the-Pooh franchise. He also voiced Monterey Jack in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers from season one through some of season two. Starting in 2007, Cullen has reprised his role as Optimus Prime in related Transformers media, starting with the first live-action film.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1960s–1970s
2.2 As Optimus Prime
2.3 Other work
3 Personal life
4 Honors
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
5.3 Video games
5.4 Theme park ride
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Cullen was born on July 28, 1941 in Montreal, Quebec, to Henry L. and Muriel (née McCann) Cullen. He has three siblings: Michaela, Sonny, and Larry. Cullen attended Regiopolis-Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School. He is a member of the first graduating class of the National Theatre School of Canada, which graduated in 1963.[2] His brother, Larry Cullen, was a retired Captain in the United States Marine Corps, and helped inspire the voice of Optimus Prime.[3]
Career[edit]
1960s–1970s[edit]
In 1968, he and Joan Stuart appeared as "Giles" and "Penelope" in L'Anglaise, a recurring segment about a French-Canadian man with an English-Canadian wife, on the CBC Radio comedy series, Funny You Should Say That.
Cullen played a French-Canadian astronaut character named Commander Bi Bi Latuque alongside Ted Zeigler for the 1969 children's show, The Buddies on CFCF-TV in Montreal.[4] He honed his voice skills by working as a radio announcer, notably in his home town of Montreal on (then) MOR station CKGM doing the overnight and weekend swing shifts. From 1967-69, he was the announcer for Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour.[citation needed]
From 1971-74, he, Zeigler and Billy Van were series regulars on The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour. In 1974, Cullen was the announcer and a series regular (with Ted Zeigler and Billy Van) on The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show. He lent his voice to a character in the album "The Story of Halloween Horror" in 1977.[citation needed]
As Optimus Prime[edit]
Cullen recalls auditioning for the role of the robot Optimus Prime at a casting house in Burbank, California, explaining that as he read Prime's character breakdown, he saw that it was "the opportunity of the year", and heeded his brother Larry's advice: "Peter, don't be a Hollywood hero, be a real hero. Real heroes don't yell and act tough; they are tough enough to be gentle, so control yourself."[3][5] Cullen later learned from his agent, Steve Tisherman, that he not only won the part of Prime, but also, to his surprise, the role of Ironhide as well, which he saw as a "home run".[3]
He has stated that Optimus is his favorite voice role, and that he based the voice of the Autobot leader on his older brother Larry, who served in Vietnam. "When he came home, I could see a change. He was quieter and he was a man and a hero to me," says the actor. "I watched him and listened to him. I'd never had an opportunity to do a superhero, and when that came, [that voice] just came right out of me and I sounded like Optimus."[6]
Cullen putting his handprints in wet concrete at the Optimus Prime Chinese Theatre Handprint Ceremony in September 2014
He has also stated that he had no idea of Prime's popularity until the character's controversial death in the 1986 animated film, as the studio had never given him fan letters from children addressed to Optimus. The public backlash over Optimus' death surprised producers greatly. Children were leaving the theaters because of the character's death. The writers temporarily revived the character for a single episode in Season 3 called "Dark Awakening". Initially, this was intended to be his final appearance, but after fan requests continued, "The Return of Optimus Prime", a two-part episode was produced. The original ending of "Dark Awakening" was altered in reruns to include a teaser about the return of the character.[citation needed]
Cullen reprised the role of Optimus Prime in the 2007 Transformers live-action film, and its sequels Revenge of the Fallen, Dark of the Moon, Age of Extinction, and The Last Knight, as well as the video games based on them. He is contractually obligated to voice Optimus in at least one more sequel.[5]
Cullen again reprised his role as Optimus Prime in the video games Transformers: War for Cybertron, Transformers: Fall of Cybertron and Transformers: Devastation, and in the recent television series Transformers: Rescue Bots, Transformers Prime and Transformers: Robots in Disguise. His performance in the premiere season of Transformers: Prime earned him a nomination for a 2011 Daytime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program category.
Other work[edit]
Cullen in 2011
In the 1980s and the 1990s, Cullen appeared on a number of television shows. He has played Coran, Stride the Tiger Fighter, and King Alfor in the Lion Voltron series, the transforming spaceship/robot Ramrod in the 1980s anime series Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs, Commander James Hawkins in the Vehicle Voltron series, Eeyore in the Winnie-the-Pooh series, KARR in Knight Rider, Antor and Bomba, and Gunner, in Dino-Riders, Airbourne, Nemesis Enforcer and Zandar in G.I. Joe, He played "Mantor/Mantys" in Coleco's 5 episode mini-series Sectaurs in 1986; Red Skull in the 1981 cartoon series of Spider-Man, Klaar and Zanzoar in Megas XLR and Mantus in The Pirates of Dark Water. He also had a voice part in the 1984 motion picture Gremlins, as a gremlin, and the first season of the 2008 Knight Rider series as KARR. He also did voicework in The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible series, notably as Japheth, one of Noah's sons in the "Noah's Ark" episode, and the King of Nineveh in the "Jonah" episode. He was well known by some as the main villain Venger in the animated series of Dungeons and Dragons. He played the evil sorcerer Renwick in the lesser known series Little Wizards and played Cindarr in the short-lived series Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light.
Among many other television series and films, he has also lent his basso voice to many film trailers and television commercials, including announcing for the Toonami and You Are Here blocks on the Cartoon Network. Cullen spent some of his early professional years in Montreal as a radio announcer/DJ on CKGM; and as a character in a then-popular local television kids show. He acted the role of a French-Canadian astronaut, along with writer and his partner on the show, Ted Ziegler. Both Ziegler and Cullen were in the supporting cast of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, as well as other network comedies of the era.
He voiced Nintendo's mascot Mario in the Donkey Kong segments on Saturday Supercade, making him the first person to ever provide a voice for the character.[citation needed]
Cullen has done voicework on drum and bass DJ Dieselboy's 2004 album, The Dungeonmaster's Guide, and narration on the 2013 album Tetragrammaton by the Dutch extreme metal band The Monolith Deathcult. Tetragrammaton also featured Cullen on bass in "God's Among Insects."[7] Additionally, he did voicework for the unreleased Blizzard Entertainment game Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans,[8] and provided narration for the Star Wars fan film series I.M.P.S.: The Relentless.[9]
Cullen is a voice announcer on Police Story 4: First Strike in advertisements for New Line Cinema, lending his experience as an ex-cop for the Santa Monica division to the cast. [10]
Personal life[edit]
Cullen has four children: Clay, Angus, Claire, Pilar and three grandchildren. He is a good friend of his Transformers co-star and fellow voice actor Frank Welker.[11]
Honors[edit]
At BotCon 2010, Hasbro named Cullen as one of the first four human inductees in the Transformers Hall of Fame for his role as the voice of Optimus Prime.[12]
In 2008, Time magazine named Cullen "Celebrity Most Likely to Pilot Commercial Airplanes." [13]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
1970 Prologue Allen
1976 King Kong King Kong (voice only)[14]
The Twelve Tasks of Asterix Various (voice only)
1982 Heidi's Song Gruffle
1983 Deck the Halls with Wacky Walls Big Blue
1984 Voyage of the Rock Aliens 1359
Gallavants Antonim
Warriors of the Wind General (1985 dub)
1985 Robotix
Bigfoot and the Muscle Machines Arthur Ravenscroft
Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer Various voices
1986 Voltron: Fleet of Doom Various voices
Heathcliff: The Movie Various voices
GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords Pincher, Tombstone, Stones
My Little Pony: The Movie Grundle, Ahgg
The Transformers: The Movie Optimus Prime, Ironhide (voice)
1987 G.I. Joe: The Movie Zandar, Nemesis Enforcer, Scientist (voice)
Predator The Predator (voice)
1988 Rockin' with Judy Jetson Gruff, Commander Comsat, Bouncer
Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears Ranger Roubideux (voice)
1989 Vytor: The Starfire Champion Myzor, Chief Eldor
1991 The Little Engine That Could Pete, The Cave (voice)
1994 The Story of Christmas Ox (voice)
1997 Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin Eeyore (voice)
1999 Seasons of Giving Eeyore (voice; archive footage)
2000 The Tigger Movie Eeyore (voice)
2001 The Book of Pooh: Stories from the Heart Eeyore (voice)
Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse Eeyore (voice)
2002 A Very Merry Pooh Year Eeyore (voice)
Treasure Planet Captain Flint (voice)
2003 Piglet's Big Movie Eeyore (voice)
2004 Springtime with Roo Eeyore (voice)
2005 Pooh's Heffalump Movie Eeyore (voice)
Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie Eeyore (voice)
2007 Transformers Optimus Prime (voice)
Super Sleuth Christmas Movie Eeyore (voice)
2009 Tigger and Pooh and a Musical Too Eeyore (voice)
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Optimus Prime (voice)
2011 Transformers: Dark of the Moon Optimus Prime (voice)
2014 Transformers: Age of Extinction Optimus Prime (voice)
2017 Transformers: The Last Knight Optimus Prime/Nemesis Prime (voice)
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1962–63 The Jetsons Additional voices
1967 The Buddies Commander Bi Bi Latuque
1967–68 The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour Announcer
1969 Comedy Cafe
1970–71 Zut!
1971–74 The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour Himself, various characters
1974 The Bobbie Gentry Show Announcer
1974 The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show Himself
1974 The Sonny Comedy Revue Himself, various characters
1975 Down Home Country Luke Warm
1976 The Wolfman Jack Show
1979 The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show Mighty Man
1979 Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo Additional voices
1981 The Kwicky Koala Show
1981 The Smurfs Additional voices
1981 Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends Hulk/Dr. Bruce Banner, Mysterio, Red Skull 2 episodes
1982 The Scooby & Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour Lucky
1982 Spider-Man Red Skull, Stuntman/Jack Riven
1982 Meatballs & Spaghetti Additional voices
1982 Pac-Man Sour Puss
1982 The Little Rascals Officer Ed, Pete the Pup
1982 Knight Rider K.A.R.R. 1st voice Episode: "Trust Doesn't Rust"
1983 Monchhichis Shreeker, Snitchitt, Gonker
1983 The Puppy's Further Adventures Lucky
1983 The Biskitts Dog Foot, Fang, Scratch
1983 Saturday Supercade Mario
1983 The Dukes Additional voices
1983–85 Dungeons & Dragons Venger
1984 Dragon's Lair Bertram
1984 Heathcliff and the Catillac Cats Additional voices
1984 Snorks Additional voices
1984–86 Rainbow Brite Murky Dismal
1984–85 Alvin and the Chipmunks Additional voices
1984–87 The Transformers Optimus Prime, Ironhide, Streetwise, Blowpipe, Slugslinger
1984 Voltron: Defender of the Universe Coran, King Alfor, Narrator
1984 Three's a Crowd Sports Announcer, Airline Captain 2 episodes
1985 The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo Maldor the Malevolent
1985 Challenge of the GoBots Spoiler, Tank, Pincher
1985 The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians Felix Faust Episode: "Brainchild/The Case of the Stolen Super Powers"
1985–86 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero Airborne, Ramar, Zandar
1986 MoonDreamers Igon, various characters Episode: "Zodies on the Loose"
1986 Rambo: The Force of Freedom Sergeant Havoc
1986 Muppet Babies Additional voices Episode: "Fozzie's Family Tree"
1986 Ghostbusters Eddie Spenser, Jr., Eddie Spenser, Sr., Haunter, Floatzart
1986 Pound Puppies Captain Slaughter 4 episodes
1986 The New Adventures of Jonny Quest Patch Episode: "Peril of the Reptilian"
1986 Foofur Baby the Rat, Vinnie the Cat
1986 My Little Pony Captain Crabnasty Episode: "Fugitive Flowers"
1987–88 BraveStarr Dr. Whiston, Dr. Watson, Hack
1987–88 DuckTales Admiral Grimitz, Bankjob Beagle, Mad Dog McGirk, Lessdred
1987 The Little Wizards Renwick, various characters
1987 The Real Ghostbusters Doctor Destructo, Police Officer Episode: "Captain Steel Saves the Day"
1987 Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light Cindarr
1987–89 Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs Commander Eagle, Narrator, Nemesis
1988 Dino-Riders Gunner, Antor, Bomba Episode: "Toro Toro Torosaurus"
1988–89 The New Yogi Bear Show Ranger Roubideux
1988 Mickey's 60th Birthday Yen Sid TV special
1988–91 The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh Eeyore
1988–90 Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Kerwin the Conqueror, Gritty
1988–89 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Smash, Mugger, Napoleon
1989 Rude Dog and the Dweebs Herman, Winston
1989–90 Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Monterey Jack, additional voices
1990 TaleSpin Additional voices Episode: "It Came from Beneath the Sea Duck"
1990–93 Tom & Jerry Kids Additional voices
1990–91 Widget the World Watcher Bob the Poacher, Rooney Kangaroo, Gdunu
1991–93 The Pirates of Dark Water Mantus
1991 In Living Color Episode: "Dickie Peterson: Cherub of Justice"
1993 Bonkers Abominable Snowman, Mackey McSlime
1994 Hardball Fox Announcer Episode: "Lee's Bad, Bad Day"
1996 Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh Eeyore
2001–02 House of Mouse Eeyore
2001-03 The Book of Pooh Eeyore
2004–05 Megas XLR Zanzoar, Klaar
2005–06 IGPX: Immortal Grand Prix Narrator
2007–10 My Friends Tigger & Pooh Eeyore
2009 Knight Rider K.A.R.R. Episode: "Knight in King's Pawn"
2009 Bizarre Dinosaurs Narrator
2010–13 Transformers: Prime Optimus Prime, Vehicon
2012–16 Transformers: Rescue Bots Optimus Prime
2014 2014 Kids' Choice Awards Optimus Prime
2015–present Transformers: Robots in Disguise Optimus Prime
2017 Doc McStuffins Eeyore Episode: Into the Hundred Acre Wood
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Voice
2003 Piglets Big Game Eeyore
2007 Transformers: The Game Optimus Prime
Transformers Autobots
2009 Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots
2010 Transformers: War for Cybertron
2011 Transformers: Dark of the Moon
2012 Transformers: Fall of Cybertron
Transformers: Prime – The Game
2014 Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark
2015 Transformers: Devastation
Theme park ride[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2011 Transformers: The Ride Optimus Prime (voice)
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Film/TV Show
Result
2010 Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Screen Combo Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Nominated
2011 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program Transformers Prime Nominated
2012 Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Screen Ensemble Transformers: Dark of the Moon Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gilchrist, Todd (June 8, 2007). "Exclusive: Peter Cullen Interview". IGN.
Jump up ^ All Our Alumni, National Theatre School of Canada, ent-nts.ca; accessed August 18, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hidalgo, Pablo. Transformers Vault: The Complete Transformers Universe Showcasing Rare Collectibles and Memorabilia, Abrams, 2011, Foreword by Peter Cullen, p. 7
Jump up ^ "The Buddies". 4 January 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Lee, Chris (Spring 2014). "An Optimal Voice for Optimus". Hero Complex, Los Angeles Times. p. 22
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh. "Prime Time: Cullen's 'Transformers' Resurrection", Zap2It, 7 November 2006.
Jump up ^ Review of Tetragrammaton by The Monolith Deathcult, Metal-fi.com
Jump up ^ Blizzard Entertainment, Coming Soon magazine
Jump up ^ "IMPS Chapter One FAQ". Impstherelentless.com. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
Jump up ^ Handout. "Police Story 4: First Strike". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Frank Welker". Behind The Voice Actors.
Jump up ^ "TRANSFORMERS Hall of Fame Peter Cullen" (video). Hasbro. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Victoria Beckham and James Corden Spoof 80’s Rom-Com ‘Mannequin’". Time. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Peter Cullen". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Peter Cullen
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter Cullen.
Peter Cullen on IMDb
Peter Cullen at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Peter Cullen at AllMovie
Preceded by
None Voice of Optimus Prime
1984–1988
Original series and animated film Succeeded by
Neil Kaplan
2001–2002
Robots in Disguise
Preceded by
Garry Chalk
2002–2006
Unicron Trilogy Voice of Optimus Prime
2007
Video game and live-action film Succeeded by
David Kaye
2007–2009
Animated
Preceded by
David Kaye
2007–2009
Animated Voice of Optimus Prime
2009
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
none Voice of Optimus Prime
2010
Transformers: Prime Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
none Voice of Optimus Prime
2011
Transformers: Dark of the Moon Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
none Voice of Optimus Prime
2014
Transformers: Age of Extinction Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
Voice of Optimus Prime
2017
Transformers: The Last Knight Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
None Voice of Ironhide
Original series and animated film
1984–1986 Succeeded by
Michael McConnohie
2001–2002
Robots in Disguise
Preceded by
None Voice of Mario
1983–1985
Saturday Supercade Succeeded by
Lou Albano
1989–1990
Super Mario Brothers Super Show
Preceded by
None Voice of KARR
1982
Knight Rider episode "Trust Doesn't Rust" Succeeded by
Paul Frees
1984
Knight Rider episode "K.I.T.T. vs. K.A.R.R."
Preceded by
Paul Frees
1984
Knight Rider episode "K.I.T.T. vs. K.A.R.R." Voice of KARR
2009
Knight Rider episode "Knight to King's Pawn" Succeeded by
None
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cullen&oldid=801243552"
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text:
Steve Winwood
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Steve Winwood
Winwood in 1970
Background information
Birth name
Stephen Lawrence Winwood
Born
(1948-05-12) 12 May 1948 (age 69)
Handsworth, Birmingham, England
Genres
Rock
blues
Occupation(s)
Musician
songwriter
producer
Instruments
Vocals
keyboards
guitar
Years active
1963–present
Labels
Island
Virgin
Wincraft Music
Columbia
Associated acts
Spencer Davis Group
Traffic
Blind Faith
Eric Clapton
Jim Capaldi
Ginger Baker's Air Force
Billy Joel
Website
stevewinwood.com
Stephen Lawrence Winwood (born 12 May 1948) is an English musician whose genres include rock, blue-eyed soul, rhythm and blues, blues rock, pop rock, and jazz. Though primarily a vocalist and keyboardist, Winwood also plays bass guitar, drums, acoustic and electric guitar, mandolin, violin, and other strings.
Winwood was a key member of The Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, Blind Faith and Go. He also had a successful solo career with hits including "While You See a Chance", "Valerie", "Back in the High Life Again" and two US Billboard Hot 100 number ones: "Higher Love" and "Roll with It". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Traffic in 2004.[1]
In 2005, Winwood was honoured as a BMI Icon at the annual BMI London Awards for his "enduring influence on generations of music makers".[2] In 2008, Rolling Stone ranked Winwood No. 33 in its 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.[3] Winwood has won two Grammy Awards. He was nominated twice for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist: 1988 and 1989.[4][5] In 2011 he received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for Outstanding Song Collection.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Early years
2.2 Traffic and Blind Faith
2.3 Solo career
3 Group work
4 Personal life
5 Discography
5.1 Solo
5.2 Spencer Davis Group
5.3 Traffic
5.4 Blind Faith
5.5 Ginger Baker's Air Force
5.6 Third World
5.7 Go
5.8 Session work
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
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Stephen Lawrence Winwood was born in Handsworth, Birmingham.[7] His father, Lawrence, a foundryman by trade, was a semi-professional musician, playing mainly the saxophone and clarinet.
The young Winwood became interested in swing and Dixieland jazz as a boy, began playing piano when aged four, and also soon started playing drums and guitar. He first performed with his father and his elder brother, Muff, in the Ron Atkinson Band at the age of eight.
Muff later recalled that when Steve began playing regularly with his father and brother in licensed pubs and clubs, the piano had to be turned with its back to the audience to try and hide him, because he was so obviously underage.[8]
Winwood was a choirboy at St John's Church of England, Perry Barr. While he was still young the family moved from Handsworth to the semi-rural suburb of Great Barr at the northern edge of the city.[9]
Winwood attended the Great Barr School which was one of the first comprehensive schools, where a teacher recalled him being a conscientious and able student who displayed ability in mathematics. He also attended the Birmingham and Midland Institute of Music to develop his skills as a pianist, but did not complete his course.[10]
Career[edit]
Early years[edit]
Winwood with Spencer Davis Group (Amsterdam, 1966)
While still a pupil at Great Barr School, Winwood was a part of the Birmingham rhythm and blues scene, playing the Hammond C-3 organ and guitar, backing blues singers such as Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, T-Bone Walker, Howlin' Wolf, B.B. King, Sonny Boy Williamson II, Eddie Boyd, Otis Spann, Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley on their United Kingdom tours, the custom at that time being for US singers to travel solo and be backed by pick-up bands. At this time, Winwood was living on Atlantic Road in Great Barr, close to the Birmingham music halls where he played. Winwood modelled his singing after Ray Charles.[9]
Winwood (still known as "Stevie" Winwood then) joined the Spencer Davis Group at the age of 14,[11] along with his elder brother Muff, who later had success as a record producer. Winwood's distinctive high tenor singing voice and vocal style drew comparisons to Ray Charles.[12] The group had their first number one single at the end of 1965, with "Keep on Running";[13] the money from this success allowed Winwood to buy his own Hammond B-3 organ.[9]
During this time Winwood joined forces with guitarist Eric Clapton as part of the one-off group Eric Clapton and the Powerhouse. Songs were recorded for the Elektra label, but only three tracks made the compilation album, What's Shakin'. Winwood co-wrote and recorded the hits "Gimme Some Lovin'" and "I'm a Man" before leaving the Spencer Davis Group.
Traffic and Blind Faith[edit]
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Winwood with Traffic
Winwood met drummer Jim Capaldi, guitarist Dave Mason, and multi-instrumentalist Chris Wood when they jammed together at The Elbow Room, a club in Aston, Birmingham.[14] After Winwood left the Spencer Davis Group in April 1967, the quartet formed Traffic.[15] Soon thereafter, they rented a cottage near the rural village of Aston Tirrold, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) to write and rehearse new music.[14] The period at the cottage proved important in the band's development.[16][how?]
Early in Traffic's formation, Winwood and Capaldi formed a songwriting partnership, with Winwood writing music to match Capaldi's lyrics. This partnership was the source of most of Traffic's material, including popular songs such as "Paper Sun" and "The Low Spark of High-Heeled Boys", and outlived the band, producing several songs for Winwood and Capaldi's solo albums. Over the band's history, Winwood performed the majority of their lead vocals, keyboard instruments, and guitars. He also frequently played bass and percussion, up to and including the recording sessions for their fourth album.[citation needed]
Winwood formed the supergroup Blind Faith in 1969 with Eric Clapton, Ginger Baker and Ric Grech.[17]
The band was short-lived, owing to Clapton's greater interest in Blind Faith's opening act Delaney & Bonnie & Friends; Clapton left the band at the tour's end. However, Baker, Winwood and Grech stayed together to form Ginger Baker's Air Force. The line-up consisted of 3/4 of Blind Faith (without Clapton, who was replaced by Denny Laine), 2/3 of Traffic (Winwood and Chris Wood, minus Capaldi) plus musicians who interacted with Baker in his early days, including Phil Seamen, Harold McNair, John Blood and Graham Bond.[citation needed]
However, the project turned out to be short-lived. Winwood soon went into the studio to begin work on a new solo album, tentatively titled Mad Shadows. However, Winwood ended up calling in Wood and Capaldi to help with session work, which prompted Traffic's comeback album John Barleycorn Must Die in 1970.[citation needed]
In 1972, Winwood recorded the part of Captain Walker in the highly successful orchestral version of The Who's Tommy. He recorded a 1973 album with Remi Kabaka, Aiye-Keta, for Antilles Records, and in 1976 provided vocals and keyboards on Go, a concept album by Japanese composer Stomu Yamashta.[citation needed] In 1976, Winwood also played guitar on the Fania All Stars' Delicate and Jumpy record and performed as a guest with the band in their only UK appearance, a sold-out concert at the Lyceum Theatre, London.[citation needed]
Solo career[edit]
Weariness with the grind of touring and recording prompted Winwood to leave Traffic and retire to sessioning for some years.[18] Under pressure from Island Records, he resurfaced with his self-titled first solo album in 1977. This was followed by his 1980 hit Arc of a Diver (which included his first solo hit, "While You See a Chance") and Talking Back to the Night in 1982.[citation needed]
Both albums were recorded at his home in Gloucestershire with Winwood playing all instruments. He continued to do sessions during this period, and in 1983 he co-produced and played on Jim Capaldi's top 40 hit "That's Love" and co-wrote the Will Powers top 20 hit "Kissing with Confidence".[citation needed]
In 1986 he moved to New York. There he enlisted the help of a coterie of stars to record Back in the High Life in the US, and the album was a hit. He topped the Billboard Hot 100 with "Higher Love," and earned two Grammy Awards: for Record of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.
Winwood embarked on an extensive tour of North America in support of the album.[19]
All these albums were released on Island Records. However, at the peak of his commercial success, Winwood moved to Virgin Records and released Roll with It and Refugees of the Heart. The album Roll with It and the title track hit No. 1 on the USA album and singles charts in the summer of 1988. Another album with Virgin, Far from Home, was officially credited to Traffic, but nearly all the instruments were played by Winwood. Despite lacking a significant hit, it broke the top 40 in both the UK and USA.[20][21]
His final Virgin album Junction Seven also broke the UK top 40.[22]
A new studio album, Nine Lives, was released 29 April 2008 by Wincraft Music through Columbia Records.[23][24]
The album opened at No. 12 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[25] his highest US debut ever.
In 2008, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Berklee College of Music to add to his honorary degree from Aston University, Birmingham. On 28 March 2012 Winwood was one of Roger Daltrey's special guest stars for "An Evening with Roger Daltrey and Friends" gig, in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust at the Royal Albert Hall.[26]
In 2013 Winwood toured North America with Rod Stewart as part of the "Live the Life" tour. In 2014, Winwood toured North America with Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers.[citation needed]
Group work[edit]
Winwood in Knoxville, Tennessee (2005)
In 1994, Capaldi and Winwood reunited Traffic for a new album, Far From Home, and a tour, including a performance at Woodstock '94 Festival. That same year, Winwood appeared on the A Tribute To Curtis Mayfield CD, recording Mayfield's "It's All Right".[citation needed]
In 1995 and 1996, Winwood released Reach for the Light for the animated film Balto. In 1997, Winwood released a new album, Junction Seven, toured the US and sang with Chaka Khan at the VH-1 Honors.[27]
In 1998, Winwood joined Tito Puente, Arturo Sandoval, Ed Calle and other musicians to form the band "Latin Crossings" for a European tour, after which they split without making any recordings. Winwood also appeared in the film Blues Brothers 2000, as a member of the Louisiana Gator Boys, appearing on stage with Isaac Hayes, Eric Clapton, and KoKo Taylor at the battle of the bands competition.[citation needed]
In 2003, Winwood released a new studio album, About Time on his new record label, Wincraft Music. 2004 saw his 1982 song "Valerie" used by Eric Prydz in a song called "Call on Me." It spent five weeks at No. 1 on the UK singles chart. Winwood heard an early version of Prydz's remix and liked it so much, he not only gave permission to use the song, he re-recorded the samples for Prydz to use.[28]
In 2005, his Soundstage Performances DVD was released, featuring recent work from the About Time album along with prior hits including "Back in the High Life." Winwood also performed hits from his days with Traffic as well as current recordings. In 2005, he accepted an invitation from 2008 Grammy Award winner Ashley Cleveland to appear on her album Men and Angels Say.
This album of rock, blues and country arrangements of well known hymns includes "I Need Thee Every Hour"—which features a vocal duet and organ performance. Christina Aguilera features Winwood (using the piano and organ instrumentation from the "John Barleycorn" track, "Glad") on one of her songs from her 2006 record Back to Basics, called "Makes Me Wanna Pray."[citation needed]
The Steve Winwood Band in 2009 on tour
In May 2007, Winwood performed in support of the pro-fox hunting organisation the Countryside Alliance in a concert at Highclere Castle, joining fellow rock artists Bryan Ferry, Eric Clapton, Steve Harley and Kenney Jones.[29]
In July 2007, Winwood performed with Clapton in the latter's Crossroads Guitar Festival. Among the songs they played together were "Presence of the Lord" and "Can't Find My Way Home" from their Blind Faith days. Winwood played several guitar leads in a six-song set. The two continued their collaboration with three sold-out nights at Madison Square Garden in New York City in February 2008.[30]
On 19 February 2008, Winwood and Clapton released a collaborative EP through iTunes titled Dirty City. Clapton and Winwood released a CD and DVD of their Madison Square Garden shows and then toured together in the summer of 2009.[31]
Personal life[edit]
Between 1978 and 1986 Winwood was married to Nicole Weir (d. 2005), who had contributed background vocals to some of his early solo work. The two married at Cheltenham Register Office.[32]
Winwood's primary residence is the Cotswolds, where he also has a recording studio. Winwood also has a home in Nashville, Tennessee with his wife, Eugenia Crafton, a native of Tennessee, whom he married in 1987. They have four children and own a 300-year-old manor house in the Cotswolds, England.[33][34][35]
His daughter Lilly Winwood is a singer; she was featured with him performing a duet of his song "Higher Love" in a Hershey commercial.[36] Lilly Winwood is the opening act and sings backup on multiple songs during Steve Winwood's 2018 'Greatest Hits Live' tour.[37]
Discography[edit]
Solo[edit]
Main article: Steve Winwood discography
Winwood at the Hangout Music Festival, May 2012
1977: Steve Winwood
1980: Arc of a Diver
1982: Talking Back to the Night
1986: Back in the High Life
1988: Roll with It
1990: Refugees of the Heart
1997: Junction Seven
2003: About Time
2008: Nine Lives
2009: Live from Madison Square Garden (with Eric Clapton)
2017: Greatest Hits Live
Spencer Davis Group[edit]
see The Spencer Davis Group discography
Traffic[edit]
see Traffic discography
Blind Faith[edit]
1969: Blind Faith
Ginger Baker's Air Force[edit]
1970: Ginger Baker's Air Force
Third World[edit]
1973: Aiye-Keta
Go[edit]
1976: Go
1976: Go Live from Paris
Session work[edit]
Chris Knipp – blast
The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Electric Ladyland, 1968
B B King – B B King in London , 1971
McDonald and Giles – McDonald and Giles, 1971
Jimi Hendrix – The Cry of Love, 1971
Howlin' Wolf – The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions, 1971
Shawn Phillips – Faces, 1972
London Symphony Orchestra – Tommy – As Performed by the London Symphony Orchestra & Chamber Choir, 1972
Jim Capaldi – Oh How We Danced, 1972
Eddie Harris – E.H. in the UK (Atlantic), 1973 With Chris Squire, Alan White and Tony Kaye
Lou Reed – Berlin, 1973
John Martyn – Inside Out, 1973
Jim Capaldi – Whale Meat Again, 1974
Robert Palmer – Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley, 1974
Jim Capaldi – Short Cut Draw Blood, 1975
Jade Warrior – Waves, 1975
Toots & the Maytals – Reggae Got Soul, 1976
Sandy Denny – Rendezvous, 1977
John Martyn – One World, 1977
Pierre Moerlen's Gong – Downwind, 1978
Vivian Stanshall – Sir Henry at Rawlinson End, 1978
Jim Capaldi – Daughter of the Night, 1978
George Harrison – George Harrison, 1979
Marianne Faithfull – Broken English, 1979
Jim Capaldi – The Sweet Smell of... Success, 1980
Jim Capaldi – Let the Thunder Cry, 1981
Marianne Faithfull – Dangerous Acquaintances, 1981
Jim Capaldi – Fierce Heart, 1983
David Gilmour – About Face, 1984[38]
Christine McVie – Christine McVie, 1984
Billy Joel – The Bridge, 1986
Dave Mason – Two Hearts, 1987
Talk Talk – The Colour of Spring, 1986
Jim Capaldi – Some Come Running, 1988
Jimmy Buffett – "My Barracuda", 1988
Phil Collins – ...But Seriously, 1989
Soulsister – Heat, 1990
Davy Spillane – A Place Among The Stones, 1994
Paul Weller – Stanley Road, 1995
Kathy Troccoli – Corner of Eden, 1998
Eric Clapton – Back Home, 2005
Eric Clapton – Clapton, 2010
Slash – Hey Joe Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame, 2010
Miranda Lambert – Four the Record, 2011
Eric Clapton – Old Sock, 2013
Gov't Mule – Shout!, 2013
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Traffic". Rockhall.com. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
Jump up ^ "BMI Honors Top European Writers, Publishers at 2005 London Awards; Steve Winwood Named a BMI Icon". bmi.com. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 June 2009. Steve Winwood exploded onto the London music scene as a teenager with his powerful, soulful tenor—notably on "Gimme Some Lovin'" and "I'm a Man" with the Spencer Davis Group.
Jump up ^ "1988 Brit Awards". Awards & Winners. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "1989 Brit Awards". Awards & Winners. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ivors 2011: Steve Winwood". The Ivors. Retrieved 28 December 2017
Jump up ^ "Spencer Davis Group". www.brumbeat.net. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ John Reed, liner notes for 'Eight Gigs A Week: The Spencer David Group – The Steve Winwood Years' (Island Records, 1996)
^ Jump up to: a b c ""Steve Winwood: English Soul," BBC4, broadcast 25 February 2011". BBC. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Clayson, Alan (1988). Back in the High Life. Sidgewick and Jackson. ISBN 0-283-99640-4.
Jump up ^ "It's 'About Time' for Steve Winwood". BBC. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. (Winwood exploded onto the London music scene as a teenager with his powerful, soulful tenor). "I thought he had the greatest voice," said Billy Joel, "this skinny little English kid singing like Ray Charles."
Jump up ^ Steve Winwood interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1970)
^ Jump up to: a b "Traffic". Brumbeat.net. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
Jump up ^ Traffic Biography AllMusic
Jump up ^ "The Traffic Cottage at Aston-Tirrold at winwoodfans.com". Retrieved 2014-09-29.
Jump up ^ "Steve's still winning nine lives later". Herald.ie. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Black, Johnny (May 1997). Feature: Steve Winwood Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Mojo.
Jump up ^ "The Pop Life; Steve Winwood Returns To Make The Juices Flow". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
Jump up ^ "Traffic". Theofficialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Traffic – Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Steve Winwood profile". Theofficialcharts.com. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Legendary superstar Steve Winwood to release Nine Lives". Retrieved 2009-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Columbia UK". Columbia UK. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Madonna Leads Busy Billboard 200 With 7th No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
Jump up ^ https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2012/march/roger-daltrey-and-friends-kick-off-the-2012-tct-concerts/
Jump up ^ "Steve Winwood Fans' Site: Smiling Phases Compendium". Winwoodfans.com. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Eric Prydz". The Argus. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Cheal, David (22 May 2007). "Rock's aristocrats show their class". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Jump up ^ (7 May 2008). Steve Winwood Enjoys his Highest Chart Debut & Best First Week's Sales of the SoundScan era, PR Newswire.
Jump up ^ "Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood at the Bowl". Los Angeles Times. 1 July 2009. The stairway to classic-rock heaven extended straight into Hollywood Bowl Tuesday night as '60s British rock heroes Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood closed their all-too-quick 14-city, three-week U.S. tour with a nearly 2½-hour excursion through the music they created, individually and collectively, three and four decades ago.
Jump up ^ ""No Hiding Place", Mojo Magazine, May 1997". winwoodfans.com. 24 October 1998. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
Jump up ^ Ayers, Tia. "Steve Winwood & Eugenia Crafton". proposalmagazine. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
Jump up ^ ""True Brit", In Style, October 1997". 22 October 1997. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Benjamin, Scott (11 February 2009). "A Rock Legend Living The High Life". CBS News. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hershey's TV Commercial, 'My Dad' Song by Steve Winwood, Lilly Winwood". ispot.tv. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.theoaklandpress.com/arts-and-entertainment/20180226/lilly-winwood-at-the-fox-5-things-to-know
Jump up ^ "The Rightful Heir?". Q Magazine No. 48. September 1990. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
External links[edit]
Book: Steve Winwood
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Steve Winwood.
Official website
Albums that Winwood guested on and/or produced
Steve Winwood & Eric Clapton live@ Bucharest (review)
Steve Winwood at AllMusic
Steve Winwood on IMDb
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"Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)" by Domenico Modugno (1959)
"Mack the Knife" by Bobby Darin (1960)
"Theme from A Summer Place" by Percy Faith (1961)
"Moon River" by Henry Mancini (1962)
"I Left My Heart in San Francisco" by Tony Bennett (1963)
"Days of Wine and Roses" by Henry Mancini (1964)
"The Girl from Ipanema" by Astrud Gilberto & Stan Getz (1965)
"A Taste of Honey" by Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass (1966)
"Strangers in the Night" by Frank Sinatra (1967)
"Up, Up and Away" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamont McLemore, Ron Townson) (1968)
"Mrs. Robinson" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel, Paul Simon) (1969)
"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamont McLemore, Ron Townson) (1970)
"Bridge over Troubled Water" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel, Paul Simon) (1971)
"It's Too Late" by Carole King (1972)
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack (1973)
"Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack (1974)
"I Honestly Love You" by Olivia Newton-John (1975)
"Love Will Keep Us Together" by Captain & Tennille (Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennille) (1976)
"This Masquerade" by George Benson (1977)
"Hotel California" by Eagles (Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Randy Meisner, Joe Walsh) (1978)
"Just the Way You Are" by Billy Joel (1979)
"What a Fool Believes" by The Doobie Brothers (Jeffrey Baxter, John Hartman, Keith Knudsen, Michael McDonald, Tiran Porter, Patrick Simmons) (1980)
1981−2000
"Sailing" by Christopher Cross (1981)
"Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes (1982)
"Rosanna" by Toto (Bobby Kimball, Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, David Hungate, Steve Porcaro) (1983)
"Beat It" by Michael Jackson (1984)
"What's Love Got to Do with It" by Tina Turner (1985)
"We Are the World" by USA for Africa (1986)
"Higher Love" by Steve Winwood (1987)
"Graceland" by Paul Simon (1988)
"Don't Worry, Be Happy" by Bobby McFerrin (1989)
"Wind Beneath My Wings" by Bette Midler (1990)
"Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins (1991)
"Unforgettable" by Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole (1992)
"Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton (1993)
"I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston (1994)
"All I Wanna Do" by Sheryl Crow (1995)
"Kiss from a Rose" by Seal (1996)
"Change the World" by Eric Clapton (1997)
"Sunny Came Home" by Shawn Colvin (1998)
"My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion (1999)
"Smooth" by Santana (Rodney Holmes, Tony Lindsay, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow, Benny Rietveld, Carlos Santana, Chester Thompson) featuring Rob Thomas (2000)
2001−present
"Beautiful Day" by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr.) (2001)
"Walk On" by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr.) (2002)
"Don't Know Why" by Norah Jones (2003)
"Clocks" by Coldplay (Guy Berryman, Jon Buckland, Will Champion, Phil Harvey, Chris Martin) (2004)
"Here We Go Again" by Ray Charles and Norah Jones (2005)
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" by Green Day (Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt, Frank Edwin Wright III) (2006)
"Not Ready to Make Nice" by Dixie Chicks (Martie Maguire, Natalie Maines, Emily Robison) (2007)
"Rehab" by Amy Winehouse (2008)
"Please Read the Letter" by Alison Krauss and Robert Plant (2009)
"Use Somebody" by Kings of Leon (Caleb Followill, Jared Followill, Matthew Followill, Nathan Followill) (2010)
"Need You Now" by Lady Antebellum (Hillary Scott, Charles Kelley, Dave Haywood) (2011)
"Rolling in the Deep" by Adele (2012)
"Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye featuring Kimbra (2013)
"Get Lucky" by Daft Punk featuring Pharrell Williams & Nile Rodgers (2014)
"Stay with Me" (Darkchild version) by Sam Smith (2015)
"Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars (2016)
"Hello" by Adele (2017)
"24K Magic" by Bruno Mars (2018)
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Contempt of court
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Contempt of court, often referred to simply as "contempt", is the offence of being disobedient to or discourteous towards a court of law and its officers in the form of behavior that opposes or defies the authority, justice and dignity of the court.[1][2] It manifests itself in willful disregard of or disrespect for the authority of a court of law, which is often behavior that is illegal because it does not obey or respect the rules of a law court.[3][4]
There are broadly two categories of contempt: being rude or disrespectful to legal authorities in the courtroom, or wilfully failing to obey a court order.[5] Contempt proceedings are especially used to enforce equitable remedies, such as injunctions.[6] In some jurisdictions, the refusal to respond to subpoena, to testify, to fulfill the obligations of a juror, or to provide certain information (with the exception of Fifth Amendment rights and legitimate concerns for personal safety following testimony[citation needed] in the United States) can constitute contempt of the court.
When a court decides that an action constitutes contempt of court, it can issue a court order that in the context of a court trial or hearing declares a person or organisation to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority, called "found" or "held" in contempt. That is the judge's strongest power to impose sanctions for acts that disrupt the court's normal process.
A finding of being in contempt of court may result from a failure to obey a lawful order of a court, showing disrespect for the judge, disruption of the proceedings through poor behaviour, or publication of material or non-disclosure of material, which in doing so is deemed likely to jeopardize a fair trial. A judge may impose sanctions such as a fine or jail for someone found guilty of contempt of court. Judges in common law systems usually have more extensive power to declare someone in contempt than judges in civil law systems. The client or person must be proven to be guilty before being punished.
Contents
[hide]
1 In use today
1.1 Australia
1.2 Canada
1.2.1 Common law offence
1.2.2 Canadian Federal courts
1.2.3 Tax Court of Canada
1.2.4 Provincial courts
1.3 Hong Kong
1.4 India
1.5 England and Wales
1.5.1 Criminal contempt of court
1.5.2 Strict liability contempt
1.5.3 Civil contempt
1.6 United States
1.6.1 News media in the United States
1.6.2 Criticism
2 See also
3 Notes and references
4 Literature
5 External links
In use today[edit]
Contempt of court is essentially seen as a form of disturbance that may impede the functioning of the court. The judge may impose fines and jail time upon any person committing contempt of court. The person is usually let out upon his or her agreement to fulfill the wishes of the court.[7] Civil contempt can involve acts of omission. The judge will make use of warnings in most situations that may lead to a person being charged with contempt. It is relatively rare that a person is charged for contempt without first receiving at least one warning from the judge.[8] Constructive contempt, also called consequential contempt, is when a person fails to fulfill the will of the court as it applies to outside obligations of the person. In most cases, constructive contempt is considered to be in the realm of civil contempt because of its passive nature.
Indirect contempt is something that is associated with civil and constructive contempt and involves a failure to follow court orders. Criminal contempt includes anything that could be called a disturbance, such as repeatedly talking out of turn, bringing forth previously banned evidence, or harassment of any other party in the courtroom.[7] Direct contempt is an unacceptable act in the presence of the judge (in facie curiae), and generally begins with a warning, and may be accompanied by an immediate imposition of punishment. Yawning in some cases can be considered contempt of court.[9]
Contempt of court has a significant impact on journalism in the form of restrictions on court reporting which are set out in statute in the UK.[10][not in citation given]
Australia[edit]
In Australia a judge may impose a fine or jail for contempt of court,[11] including for refusing to stand up for a judge.[12]
Canada[edit]
Common law offence[edit]
In Canada, contempt of court is an exception to the general principle that all criminal offences are set out in the federal Criminal Code. Contempt of court is the only remaining common law offence in Canada.[13]
Contempt of court includes the following behaviours:
Failing to maintain a respectful attitude, failing to remain silent or failing to refrain from showing approval or disapproval of the proceeding
Refusing or neglecting to obey a subpoena
Willfully disobeying a process or order of the court
Interfering with the orderly administration of justice or impairing the authority or dignity of the court
An officer of the court failing to perform his or her duties
A sheriff or bailiff not executing a writ of the court forthwith or not making a return thereof
Canadian Federal courts[edit]
This section applies only to Federal Court of Appeal and Federal Court.
Under Federal Court Rules, Rules 466, and Rule 467 a person who is accused of Contempt needs to be first served with a contempt order and then appear in court to answer the charges. Convictions can only be made when proof beyond a reasonable doubt is achieved.[14]
If it is a matter of urgency or the contempt was done in front of a judge, that person can be punished immediately. Punishment can range from the person being imprisoned for a period of less than five years or until the person complies with the order or fine.
Tax Court of Canada[edit]
Under Tax Court of Canada Rules of Tax Court of Canada Act, a person who is found to be in contempt may be imprisoned for a period of less than two years or fined. Similar procedures for serving an order first is also used at the Tax Court.
Provincial courts[edit]
Different procedures exist for different provincial courts. For example, in British Columbia, a justice of the peace can only issue a summons to an offender for contempt, which will be dealt with by a judge, even if the offence was done in the face of the justice.[15]
Hong Kong[edit]
Judges from the Court of Final Appeal, High Court, District Court along with members from the various tribunals and Coroner's Court all have the power to impose immediate punishments for contempt in the face of the court, derived from legislation or through common law:
Insult a judge or justice, witness or officers of the court
Interrupts the proceedings of the court
Interfere with the course of justice
Misbehaves in court (i.e., use of mobile phone or recording devices without permission)
Juror who leaves without permission of the court during proceedings
Disobeying a judgment or court order
Breach of undertaking
Breach of a duty imposed upon a solicitor by rules of court
The use of insulting or threatening language in the magistrates' courts or against a magistrate is in breach of section 99 of the Magistrates Ordinance (Cap 227) which states the magistrate can 'summarily sentence the offender to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months.'
In addition, certain appeal boards are given the statutory authority for contempt by them (i.e., Residential Care Home, Hotel and Guesthouse Accommodation, Air Pollution Control, etc.). For contempt in front of these boards, the chairperson will certify the act of contempt to the Court of First Instance who will then proceed with a hearing and determine the punishment.
India[edit]
In India contempt of court is of two types:
Civil contempt: Under Section 2(b) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, civil contempt has been defined as wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court.
Criminal contempt: Under Section 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, criminal contempt has been defined as the publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which:
Scandalises or tends to scandalise, or lowers or tends to lower the authority of, any court, or
Prejudices, or interferes or tends to interfere with the due course of any judicial proceeding, or
Interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the administration of justice in any other manner.
"High Court" means the high court for a state or a union territory and includes the court of the judicial commissioner in any union territory. ===Punishment===: 6 (six) months, or fine up to ₹2000 or both.
England and Wales[edit]
In English law (a common law jurisdiction) the law on contempt is partly set out in case law, and partly specified in the Contempt of Court Act 1981. Contempt may be a criminal or civil offence. The maximum sentence for criminal contempt is two years.
Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behaviour toward the judge or magistrates while holding the court, tending to interrupt the due course of a trial or other judicial proceeding, may be prosecuted as "direct" contempt. The term "direct" means that the court itself cites the person in contempt by describing the behaviour observed on the record. Direct contempt is distinctly different from indirect contempt, wherein another individual may file papers alleging contempt against a person who has willfully violated a lawful court order.
Criminal contempt of court[edit]
The Crown Court is a superior court of record under the Senior Courts Act 1981 and accordingly has power to punish for contempt of its own motion. The Divisional Court has stated that this power applies in three circumstances:
Contempt "in the face of the court" (not to be taken literally; the judge does not need to see it, provided it took place within the court precincts or relates to a case currently before that court);
Disobedience of a court order; and
Breaches of undertakings to the court.
Where it is necessary to act quickly the judge (even the trial judge) may act to sentence for contempt.
Where it is not necessary to be so urgent, or where indirect contempt has taken place the Attorney General can intervene and the Crown Prosecution Service will institute criminal proceedings on his behalf before a Divisional Court of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.
Magistrates' courts are not superior courts of record, but nonetheless have powers granted under the Contempt of Court Act 1981. They may detain any person who insults the court or otherwise disrupts its proceedings until the end of the sitting. Upon the contempt being either admitted or proved the judge or JP may imprison the offender for a maximum of one month, fine them up to £2,500, or do both.
It is contempt of court to bring an audio recording device or picture-taking device of any sort into an English court without the consent of the court.[16]
It is not contempt of court (under section 10 of the Act) for a journalist to refuse to disclose his sources, unless the court has considered the evidence available and determined that the information is "necessary in the interests of justice or national security or for the prevention of disorder or crime".
Strict liability contempt[edit]
Under the Contempt of Court Act 1981 it is criminal contempt of court to publish anything which creates a real risk that the course of justice in proceedings may be seriously impaired. It only applies where proceedings are active, and the Attorney General has issued guidance as to when he believes this to be the case, and there is also statutory guidance. The clause prevents the newspapers and media from publishing material that is too extreme or sensationalist about a criminal case until the trial or linked trials are over and the juries have given their verdicts.
Section 2 of the Act limits the common law presumption that conduct may be treated as contempt regardless of intention: now only cases where there is a substantial risk of serious prejudice to a trial are affected.
Civil contempt[edit]
In civil proceedings there are two main ways in which contempt is committed:
Failure to attend at court despite a summons requiring attendance. In respect of the High Court, historically a writ of latitat would have been issued, but now a bench warrant is issued, authorizing the tipstaff to arrange for the arrest of the individual, and imprisonment until the date and time the court appoints to next sit. In practice a groveling letter of apology to the court is sufficient to ward off this possibility, and in any event the warrant is generally "backed for bail"—i.e., bail will be granted once the arrest has been made and a location where the person can be found in future established.[citation needed]
Failure to comply with a court order. A copy of the order, with a "penal notice"—i.e., notice informing the recipient that if they do not comply they are subject to imprisonment—is served on the person concerned. If, after that, they breach the order, proceedings can be started and in theory the person involved can be sent to prison. In practice this rarely happens as the cost on the claimant of bringing these proceedings is significant and in practice imprisonment is rarely ordered as an apology or fine are usually considered appropriate.
United States[edit]
Under the United States jurisprudence, acts of contempt are divided into direct or indirect and civil or criminal. Direct contempt occurs in the presence of a judge; civil contempt is "coercive and remedial" as opposed to punitive. In the United States, relevant statutes include 18 U.S.C. §§ 401–403 and Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 42.[17]
Direct contempt is that which occurs in the presence of the presiding judge (in facie curiae) and may be dealt with summarily: the judge notifies the offending party that he or she has acted in a manner which disrupts the tribunal and prejudices the administration of justice. After giving the person the opportunity to respond, the judge may impose the sanction immediately.
Indirect contempt occurs outside the immediate presence of the court and consists of disobedience of a court's prior order. Generally a party will be accused of indirect contempt by the party for whose benefit the order was entered. A person cited for indirect contempt is entitled to notice of the charge and an opportunity for hearing of the evidence of contempt and, since there is no written procedure, may or may not be allowed to present evidence in rebuttal.
Contempt of court in a civil suit is generally not considered to be a criminal offense, with the party benefiting from the order also holding responsibility for the enforcement of the order. However, some cases of civil contempt have been perceived as intending to harm the reputation of the plaintiff, or to a lesser degree, the judge or the court.
Sanctions for contempt may be criminal or civil. If a person is to be punished criminally, then the contempt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, but once the charge is proven, then punishment (such as a fine or, in more serious cases, imprisonment) is imposed unconditionally. The civil sanction for contempt (which is typically incarceration in the custody of the sheriff or similar court officer) is limited in its imposition for so long as the disobedience to the court's order continues: once the party complies with the court's order, the sanction is lifted. The imposed party is said to "hold the keys" to his or her own cell, thus conventional due process is not required. The burden of proof for civil contempt, however, is a preponderance of the evidence,[dubious – discuss] and theoretically punitive sanctions (punishment) can only be imposed after due process but the due process is unpublished.
In civil contempt cases there is no principle of proportionality. In Chadwick v. Janecka (3d Cir. 2002), a U.S. court of appeals held that H. Beatty Chadwick could be held indefinitely under federal law, for his failure to produce US$2.5 million as state court ordered in a civil trial. Chadwick had been imprisoned for nine years at that time and continued to be held in prison until 2009, when a state court set him free after 14 years, making his imprisonment the longest on a contempt charge to date.
Civil contempt is only appropriate when the imposed party has the power to comply with the underlying order.[18] Controversial contempt rulings have periodically arisen from cases involving asset protection trusts, where the court has ordered a settlor of an asset protection trust to repatriate assets so that the assets may be made available to a creditor.[19] A court cannot maintain an order of contempt where the imposed party does not have the ability to comply with the underlying order. This claim when made by the imposed party is known as the "impossibility defense."[20]
Contempt of court is considered a prerogative of the court, and "the requirement of a jury does not apply to 'contempts committed in disobedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command entered in any suit or action brought or prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United States.'" This stance is not universally agreed with by other areas of the legal world, and there have been many calls to have contempt cases to be tried by jury, rather than by judge, as a potential conflict of interest rising from a judge both accusing and sentencing the defendant. At least one Supreme Court Justice has made calls for jury trials to replace judge trials on contempt cases.[21]
The United States Marshals Service is the agency component that first holds all federal prisoners. It uses the Prisoner Population Management System /Prisoner Tracking System. The only types of records that are disclosed as being in the system are those of "federal prisoners who are in custody pending criminal proceedings." The records of "alleged civil contempors" are not listed in the Federal Register as being in the system leading to a potential claim for damages under The Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e)(4)(I).[22]
News media in the United States[edit]
In the United States, because of the broad protections granted by the First Amendment, with extremely limited exceptions, unless the media outlet is a party to the case, a media outlet cannot be found in contempt of court for reporting about a case because a court cannot order the media in general not to report on a case or forbid it from reporting facts discovered publicly.[23] Newspapers cannot be closed because of their content.[24]
Criticism[edit]
There have been criticisms over the practice of trying contempt from the bench. In particular, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black wrote in a dissent, "It is high time, in my judgment, to wipe out root and branch the judge-invented and judge-maintained notion that judges can try criminal contempt cases without a jury."[21]
See also[edit]
Law portal
Contempt of Congress
Contempt of Parliament
Contumacy
Judicial discretion
Perjury
Perverting the course of justice
Obstruction of justice
Offence of scandalizing the court in Singapore
Notes and references[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jump up ^ "contempt: definition of contempt in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". Oxforddictionaries.com. 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
Jump up ^ "West's Encyclopedia of American Law". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Always Free Online". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
Jump up ^ "contempt noun (NOT OBEYING) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionaries Online". Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2014-07-30. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
Jump up ^ "Legal Dictionary | Law.com". Dictionary.law.com. 2010-12-09. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
Jump up ^ Bray, Samuel (2014). "The Myth of the Mild Declaratory Judgment". Duke Law Journal. 63: 1091. SSRN 2330050  .
^ Jump up to: a b Hill, G. (2008). Contempt of Court. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from, Law.dictionary.com Web site: [1]
Jump up ^ Hill, G. (2008). Contempt of Court. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from , Law.dictionary.com Web site: [2]
Jump up ^ Liu, Caitlin (April 20, 2005), Sleepy Juror Gets Rude Awakening, Los Angeles Times
Jump up ^ Media Law Web, Winchester University,UK (2009)Web site Archived 2010-02-22 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Contempt & court reporting in Australia". Thenewsmanual.net. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Natasha (9 December 2016). "Islamic State recruiter's wife Moutia Elzahed may be first charged under disrespectful behaviour laws". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 December 2016.
Jump up ^ A Compendium of Law and Judges[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Federal Court Rules Chapter 12
Jump up ^ Provincial Court Act Jurisdiction of justice
Jump up ^ "Contempt of Court and Reporting Restrictions: Legal Guidance: The Crown Prosecution Service". www.cps.gov.uk. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
Jump up ^ [Doyle C. (2010). Obstruction of Justice: An Overview of Some of the Federal Statutes That Prohibit Interference with Judicial, Executive, or Legislative Activities Archived 2013-06-15 at the Wayback Machine.. Congressional Research Service.
Jump up ^ "See In re Marciano". Donlevy-Rosen & Rosen, P.A.: Westlaw.
Jump up ^ Howard Rosen; Patricia Donlevy-Rosen. "The Importance of Proper APT Design & Counsel". The Asset Protection News.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Sam. "In re Marciano - an analysis of the impossibility defense in contempt". Donlevy-Rosen & Rosen, P.A.
^ Jump up to: a b United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S. 681 (1964).
Jump up ^ Federal Register on November 8, 1999 in Vol. 64, No. 215 page 60836 a “Revised Notice regarding its Prisoner Tracking System”
Jump up ^ Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976).
Jump up ^ Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931).
Literature[edit]
Scarce, Rik. "Contempt of Court: A Scholar's Battle for Free Speech from behind Bars" (2005) (ISBN 0759106436).
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Contempt of court
Look up contempt of court in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
"Contempt of Court". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Authority control
NDL: 00569958
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contempt_of_court&oldid=815872593"
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