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Atlanta Thrashers
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Atlanta Thrashers
Conference
Eastern
Founded
1999
History
Atlanta Thrashers
1999–2011
Winnipeg Jets
2011–present
Home arena
Philips Arena
City
Atlanta, Georgia
Colors
Atlanta Midnight Blue, Thrasher Ice Blue, Georgia Bronze, Capitol Copper, Peachtree Gold, White
General manager
Don Waddell (1999–2010)
Rick Dudley (2010–2011)
Head coach
Curt Fraser (1999–2002)
Don Waddell (2002–2003, 2007–2008)
Bob Hartley (2003–2007)
John Anderson (2008–2010)
Craig Ramsay (2010–2011)
Stanley Cups
0
Conference championships
0
Presidents' Trophy
0
Division championships
1 (2006–07)
Official website
www.nhl.com/thrashers (2010 archive)
The Thrashers take the puck into the offensive zone against the St. Louis Blues at Philips Arena on September 22, 2007.
The Atlanta Thrashers were an American professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was granted a franchise in the National Hockey League (NHL) on June 25, 1997, and became the League's 28th franchise when it began play in the 1999–2000 season. They were members of the Southeast Division of the NHL's Eastern Conference, and played their home games at Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta. The Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once, during the 2006–07 season in which they won the Southeast Division, but were swept in the first round by the New York Rangers.
In May 2011, the Thrashers were sold to Canadian-based ownership group True North Sports & Entertainment. The group moved the franchise to Winnipeg, Manitoba, which became the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. The sale and relocation were approved by the NHL on June 21, 2011.[1] With the sale and relocation of the team, Atlanta became the first city in the NHL's modern era to have two ice hockey teams relocate to different cities. In both cases, the team moved from Atlanta to Canada; the city's previous NHL team (the Atlanta Flames) moved to Calgary, Alberta, in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames.
Contents
1 Franchise history
1.1 2000–03: The early years
1.2 2003–05: The Atlanta Spirit years and the NHL lockout
1.3 2005–06: Post-lockout
1.4 2006–07: Brief success
1.5 2007–10: Struggles
1.6 2010–11: The final season in Atlanta
1.7 Sale and relocation
2 Season-by-season record
3 Team information
3.1 Jerseys
3.2 Mascot
4 Players and personnel
4.1 Team captains
4.2 Honored members
4.2.1 Hall of Famers
4.3 Retired numbers
4.4 General managers
5 Franchise records
5.1 Scoring leaders
5.2 Single-season leaders
6 Awards and trophies
6.1 Winners
7 Media
8 References
Franchise history[edit]
After the departure of the International Hockey League (IHL)'s Atlanta Knights (1992 to 1996) to become the Quebec Rafales, the city of Atlanta was awarded an NHL franchise on June 25, 1997, as part of a four-team tiered expansion. This also included teams in Nashville, Columbus and St. Paul, in which each new franchise would begin play as its respective new arena was completed. The birth of the new franchise marked NHL hockey's return to Georgia, as the Atlanta Flames, established in 1972, departed for Canada in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames. The Flames had been the League's first foray into the southern U.S., and their failure discouraged further efforts to bring NHL hockey to the region for another decade.[2]
The nickname "Thrashers," after Georgia's state bird, the brown thrasher, was selected from a fan poll. "Thrashers" had actually been runner-up to "Flames" in the poll (as a homage to the old Atlanta Flames), and Philips Arena, the Thrashers' new home, was built on the site of the former Omni, which had been home to the Flames. By coincidence, the first encampment (circa 1839) which would later become Atlanta was called Thrasherville, and a historical marker of this is located just down from the arena in front of the State Bar of Georgia (the former home of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta).[3]
2000–03: The early years[edit]
The newly formed Thrashers selected Patrik Stefan with the first overall selection and Luke Sellars with their 30th overall pick (second pick of the second round) in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. However, the entire 1999 NHL Entry Draft was a major disappointment for the Thrashers, as all 11 of their draft picks were out of the NHL by the team's last season of existence; Stefan played the most games for the Thrashers from that draft, 414.[4] Their first two picks (Stefan and Sellars) were called two of the biggest disappointments in draft history; NHL.com listed Stefan as the worst first overall pick of all-time and Sellars (who played only one NHL game) as the worst 30th overall pick in NHL history.[5] This turn of events was a major surprise, as not only did the media hype Stefan as a franchise player, but hockey experts also considered then-Thrashers General Manager Don Waddell to be a man with excellent scouting ability.
The Thrashers played their first game on October 2, 1999, losing 4–1 to the New Jersey Devils. Captain Kelly Buchberger scored the franchise's first goal in the loss and the team went on to finish their first season in last place in the Southeast Division, with a record of 14 wins, 61 losses and seven ties for a total of 39 points.
Atlanta had the second overall pick in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft; this draft brought better results, as the player chosen with that pick, Dany Heatley, went on to become one of the team's best players. The team also had a fine choice in the 2001 Draft, with first overall pick Ilya Kovalchuk. Both Heatley and Kovalchuk played their first season in the NHL in 2001–02; both players were named to the NHL All-Rookie Team and Heatley was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as the League's Rookie of the Year.
The early years of the Atlanta Thrashers saw a sharp increase of hockey fans in Atlanta. Ticket sales for Thrashers games averaged at 10,000 per night, with many of them being season tickets. The overall experience of a Thrasher's game was unique compared to other Atlanta teams. A section of the arena was dedicated to season ticket holders that called themselves the "Nasty Nest". The "Nasty Nest" would chant and shout at the opposing team to disrupt them while they played. The Thrashers also had two Thrasher bird heads that would face opposite to the scoreboard. The Thrasher heads would open their beaks to reveal a flamethrower, which would ignite when the team scored a goal. It was at this time that the franchise adopted a motto "Believe in Blueland" which was often used in advertising.
2003–05: The Atlanta Spirit years and the NHL lockout[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2011)
On September 21, 2003, Time Warner, the owners of both the Thrashers and the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Atlanta Hawks, sold both teams to Atlanta Spirit, LLC, a group consisting of businessmen based both in Atlanta and elsewhere.
Tragedy struck the team just eight days after the sale, as star forward Dany Heatley crashed his Ferrari in a one-car accident that seriously injured both himself and Thrashers center Dan Snyder. Heatley suffered a broken jaw and arm, a sprained wrist and a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL); Snyder died five days later due to septic shock from his injuries.[6] The Thrashers dedicated their entire 2003–04 season to Snyder's memory, and Thrashers players wore black patches with Snyder's number, 37, on their jerseys for the season. Heatley's blood alcohol content was below the legal limit, but his combination of speeding (he was driving an estimated 80 miles per hour) and recklessness led to criminal charges, which were later dropped. He eventually received three years' probation and community service.[7]
Led by captain Shawn McEachern, the Thrashers jumped quickly out of the gate with some notable highlights. Ilya Kovalchuk scored eight goals in the first seven games, including two hat-tricks, one in a 7–2 rout of the Chicago Blackhawks and another in a come-from-behind victory against the Nashville Predators. Those comeback victories became a recurring sight throughout the season, as Atlanta pulled off stunning upsets over the Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins and Ottawa Senators, as well as wins against the Los Angeles Kings and New York Islanders.
Eleven games into the season, the Thrashers were alone in first place atop both the Southeast Division and the NHL. Although they continued to play well, they could not keep up with the Tampa Bay Lightning, the eventual Stanley Cup champions, or other teams in the League. Boxing Day 2003 marked both a bright and dark day for the Thrashers. On that day, Heatley skated for the first time since his car accident with Snyder, but it also marked the last win for the Thrashers before an extended losing streak. From December 28 to February 11, the team went a dismal 2–16–3. However, fans were entertained regardless of the team's struggles. Kovalchuk became only the second Thrashers' player to score in the NHL All-Star Game (after Heatley).
While the Thrashers' playoff hopes were done for the year, they finished second in the Southeast Division to Tampa Bay and tenth in the Eastern Conference, only a handful of wins away from the Stanley Cup playoffs. Kovalchuk tied for the League lead in goals (41) with the Calgary Flames' Jarome Iginla and the Columbus Blue Jackets' Rick Nash. Goaltender Kari Lehtonen began his NHL career with four wins in four starts, including one shutout.
2005–06: Post-lockout[edit]
Before the start of the 2005–06 season, the Thrashers signed several NHL veterans in the hopes of making the playoffs, including forwards Bobby Holik and Scott Mellanby, defenseman Jaroslav Modry and goaltender Mike Dunham. At the same time, however, they lost one of their brightest stars, as Heatley requested a trade in an attempt to leave behind memories of his tragic 2003 car accident. He was eventually swapped to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for Marian Hossa (a four-time 30-goal scorer at the time of the trade) and Greg de Vries.
The 2005–06 season saw the Thrashers win a club-record 41 games, even with numerous goaltending injuries. Only a few minutes into the first game of the season, Kari Lehtonen pulled his groin, an injury that would keep him out for a good portion of the season. Veteran backup Mike Dunham, an experienced number-one netminder, stepped in, but also promptly injured himself only a few games later; this left only prospects Michael Garnett and Adam Berkhoel to tend goal. Journeyman goaltender Steve Shields was signed, but he too was injured within ten games. On April 6, Lehtonen was run into by Tampa Bay's Chris Dingman, injuring him yet again. The remainder of the season was left to Dunham. Garnett was injured in a game against the Washington Capitals. Dunham, who had started the game but was relieved by the young rookie after poor play, was forced back into action in the third period.
2006–07: Brief success[edit]
Further information: 2006–07 NHL season and 2006–07 Atlanta Thrashers season
Banner in Philips Arena honoring the Thrashers' sole division championship in 2006–2007.
The Thrashers' 2006–07 season began with the highest expectations in franchise history, even after the team's second-leading scorer, Marc Savard, departed as a free agent for the Boston Bruins. Veteran center Steve Rucchin, Niko Kapanen and Jon Sim were acquired in an effort to make up for the Savard loss. With NHL superstars Marian Hossa and Ilya Kovalchuk, as well as a healthy goaltender in Kari Lehtonen, the Thrashers clinched their first (and only) playoff berth, winning the Southeast Division title with 43 wins and claiming the third seed in the Conference and home-ice advantage in the first round of the playoffs. However, they were eliminated from the playoffs on April 18, being swept by the New York Rangers in four-straight games in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals.
This season was the highest attended the Thrashers ever had, with every home playoff game sold out as well as the season opening and closing games. The team was gaining notoriety within the league for their playoff debut, and team popularity within Atlanta reached an all-time high. Even Hip-Hop artist Lil Jon expressed his support for the Atlanta Thrashers by wearing a Thrashers jersey while posing with the Stanley Cup. After this season, the Thrashers’ ticket sales would start dwindling due to the housing market crash of 2008, and a stale economy in Atlanta. Although the ticket sales dropped, the fans remained loyal throughout the decline of the team.[citation needed]
2007–10: Struggles[edit]
Just months after reaching the playoffs for the first time, the Thrashers began the 2007–08 season 0–6. Consequently, they fired Head Coach Bob Hartley on October 17, 2007, with General Manager Don Waddell taking over behind the bench on an interim basis. The Thrashers ended the season with only 76 points, finishing 14th in the Eastern Conference.
On January 27, 2008, the Thrashers hosted the NHL All-Star Game at Philips Arena, matching the Eastern Conference All-Stars against the Western Conference All-Stars. The game had originally been scheduled for the 2004–05 season, but the NHL lockout of that year, followed by the 2006 Winter Olympics the following season and the Dallas Stars' hosting of the 2007 NHL All-Star Game, made 2008 the earliest available date. The Eastern Conference won the game 8–7, with former Thrasher Marc Savard scoring the game winner late in the third period. Although he was a member of the Bruins, the Atlanta crowd cheered Savard the entire night.
On June 20, 2008, John Anderson was named as the fourth head coach in Thrashers history. In his first season, the Thrashers matched their previous season with 76 points, while finishing 13th in the Eastern Conference. Simultaneously, Atlanta Spirit, LLC, the team's ownership group, was coming apart at the seams. A dispute between Steve Belkin and his seven fellow owners dated back to 2005; Belkin claimed the other owners breached their contract, giving him the right to buy them out at cost, while his partners said they should be able to buy out Belkin's 30% stake. On November 3, court proceedings began in Maryland to decide the group's fate.
In the final year of his contract, Ilya Kovalchuk and the Thrashers could not come to an agreement on an extension. General Manager Don Waddell reportedly offered 12-year, $101 million and seven-year, $70 million contracts, both of which Kovalchuk turned down. Rather than potentially losing him to free agency in the off-season, the team traded Kovalchuk on February 4, 2010, to the New Jersey Devils. Atlanta received defenseman Johnny Oduya, rookie forward Niclas Bergfors, junior prospect Patrice Cormier and a first-round pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for Kovalchuk and defenseman Anssi Salmela; the teams also traded second-round selections in 2010. The Thrashers finished tenth in the Conference, with 83 points, which would be the most points they had earned in a regular season from the time they won the division title in 2006–07 to the team's eventual relocation in the summer of 2011.
2010–11: The final season in Atlanta[edit]
On April 14, 2010, three days after the finish of the 2009–10 season and after two unsuccessful attempts at making the playoffs, the contracts of Head Coach John Anderson and his coaching staff were not renewed. General Manager Don Waddell was promoted to president of hockey operations, while former Assistant General Manager Rick Dudley took Waddell's place as general manager. This was the only general manager change in Thrashers history.
Dudley made his first trade on June 23, 2010, involving nine players and draft picks, with the Chicago Blackhawks. The Thrashers received Dustin Byfuglien, Ben Eager, Brent Sopel and Akim Aliu in exchange for Marty Reasoner, Joey Crabb, Jeremy Morin, the Devils' first-round pick (#24 overall) in 2010 and the Devils' second-round pick (#54 overall) in 2010. Later, the Thrashers also traded for Blackhawk Andrew Ladd while sending prospect Ivan Vishnevskiy and a draft pick to Chicago. The Blackhawks, the 2010 Stanley Cup champions, found it necessary to trade players for prospects and picks as they were in difficulty with the salary cap.
The next day, the team named Craig Ramsay as the team's new head coach. Ramsay, who had been an assistant coach for the Boston Bruins for the previous three seasons, was a former NHL player who had been a teammate of Rick Dudley's on the Buffalo Sabres. In the following weeks, the Thrashers hired an associate coach, John Torchetti, and an assistant coach, Mike Stothers. The team also hired Clint Malarchuk as a goaltending consultant.
The Thrashers' last win came against the New York Rangers, 3–0 at Madison Square Garden on April 7, 2011. On April 10, 2011, the Thrashers played their last game in Atlanta against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Tim Stapleton scored the last goal in Thrashers history in a 5–2 loss to Pittsburgh. The final NHL goal scored in Philips Arena was tallied by the Penguins' Mike Comrie, an empty net goal and his first of the season.
Sale and relocation[edit]
Due to financial losses and ownership struggles, the team was frequently a target of relocation rumors. In later years, reports saw the team courted by suitors intending to relocate to Kansas City; Quebec City; Hamilton, Ontario, or Winnipeg.[8][9][9] On January 22, 2011, the team's ownership group claimed it had lost US$130 million in the last six years, partially as a result of an ongoing lawsuit with former partner Steve Belkin.[10] In February 2011, majority owner Michael Gearon stated that the team would be seeking new investors.[11] Various local groups announced their intent to purchase the franchise and keep it in Atlanta,[12][13] but ultimately the team was sold to the Canadian group True North Sports & Entertainment.
Wikinews has related news: Atlanta Thrashers sold to True North Sports and Entertainment, moving to Winnipeg
On May 16, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that talks for a sale to True North Sports & Entertainment were underway.[14] According to The Globe and Mail, a deal was finalized on May 20, 2011, to relocate the team to Winnipeg.[15] The League later denied the report, but acknowledged that advanced negotiations between the two teams were underway and that NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman supported the move.[16] Draft schedules were prepared that accommodated for the team's move to Winnipeg,[17] as True North sought to move the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), eventually moving the team to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, in Atlantic Canada.[18]
On May 31, 2011, True North Sports & Entertainment and the NHL held a press conference in Winnipeg to announce the completion of a deal to purchase the Thrashers. True North intended to relocate the team to the MTS Centre in Winnipeg and on June 21, 2011, both the sale and relocation of the team were formally approved by the NHL's Board of Governors. The Atlanta Spirit Group, however, retained the rights and logos for the Thrashers.[19]
Season-by-season record[edit]
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Thrashers. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Atlanta Thrashers seasons
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
Season GP W L OT Pts GF GA Finish Playoffs
2006–07 82 43 28 11 97 246 245 1st, Southeast Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Rangers)
2007–08 82 34 40 8 76 216 272 4th, Southeast Did not qualify
2008–09 82 35 41 6 76 257 280 4th, Southeast Did not qualify
2009–10 82 35 34 13 83 234 256 2nd, Southeast Did not qualify
2010–11 82 34 36 12 80 223 269 4th, Southeast Did not qualify
Team information[edit]
Jerseys[edit]
The Thrashers' colors were ice blue, navy blue, red and gold. In 2003, the NHL decided to switch home and road jerseys colors. In 2007, Reebok released new team jerseys as part of the rollout of the Reebok Edge Uniform System. Only the piping changed for the Thrashers' jerseys. Atlanta unveiled its new third jersey, red and midnight blue with white and gold trim, on October 10, 2008.[20]
Mascot[edit]
The team's mascot was Thrash, a brown thrasher, which also is the official state bird of Georgia.
Players and personnel[edit]
Team captains[edit]
Kelly Buchberger, 1999–2000
Steve Staios, 2000–2001
Ray Ferraro, 2001–2002
Shawn McEachern, 2002–2004
Scott Mellanby, 2005–2007
Bobby Holik, 2007–2008
Ilya Kovalchuk, 2009–2010
Andrew Ladd, 2010–2011
Honored members[edit]
Hall of Famers[edit]
Atlanta Thrashers Hall of Famers
Players
Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted
Chris Chelios D 2010 2013
Mark Recchi RW 2007–2008 2017
Retired numbers[edit]
Atlanta Thrashers retired numbers
No.
Player
Position
Tenure
Date of retirement
991 Wayne Gretzky C – February 6, 2000
(No banner at Philips Arena)[21]
Notes
1 No. 99 was retired league-wide by the NHL in 2000 to honor Wayne Gretzky. The Thrashers never officially retired any numbers. No. 37 was unofficially taken out of circulation after the death of Thrasher Dan Snyder in September 2003.
General managers[edit]
Name
Tenure
Don Waddell 1999–2010
Rick Dudley 2010–2011
Franchise records[edit]
Scoring leaders[edit]
These are the top-ten point, goal, and assist scorers in franchise history.
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game
Points
Player
Pos
GP
G
A
Pts
P/G
Ilya Kovalchuk LW 594 328 287 615 1.04
Vyacheslav Kozlov LW 537 145 271 416 0.77
Marian Hossa RW 222 108 140 248 1.11
Marc Savard C 184 63 133 196 1.07
Dany Heatley RW 190 80 101 181 0.95
Patrik Stefan C 414 59 118 177 0.43
Tobias Enstrom D 318 26 145 171 0.54
Bryan Little C 282 68 81 149 0.53
Ray Ferraro C 223 56 91 147 0.66
Todd White C 221 43 93 136 0.61
Goals
Player
Pos
G
Ilya Kovalchuk LW 328
Vyacheslav Kozlov LW 145
Marian Hossa RW 108
Dany Heatley RW 80
Bryan Little C 68
Marc Savard C 63
Patrik Stefan C 59
Ray Ferraro C 56
Jim Slater C 47
Todd White C 43
Assists
Player
Pos
A
Ilya Kovalchuk LW 287
Vyacheslav Kozlov LW 271
Tobias Enstrom D 145
Marian Hossa RW 140
Marc Savard C 133
Patrik Stefan C 118
Dany Heatley RW 101
Todd White C 93
Frantisek Kaberle D 82
Bryan Little C 81
Single-season leaders[edit]
Most goals in a season: Ilya Kovalchuk, 52 (2005–06, 2007–08)
Most assists in a season: Marc Savard, 69 (2005–06)
Most points in a season: Marian Hossa, 100 (2006–07)
Most penalty minutes in a season: Jeff Odgers, 226 (2000–01)
Most goals in a season, defenseman: Dustin Byfuglien, 20 (2010–11)
Most points in a season, defenseman: Dustin Byfuglien, 53 (2010–11)
Most goals in a season, rookie: Ilya Kovalchuk, 29 (2001–02)
Most assists in a season, rookie: Dany Heatley, 41 (2001–02)
Most points in a season, rookie: Dany Heatley, 67 (2001–02)
Most wins in a season: Kari Lehtonen, 34 (2006–07)
Awards and trophies[edit]
Calder Memorial Trophy
Dany Heatley: 2001–02
Rocket Richard Trophy
Ilya Kovalchuk: 2003–04 (shared with Jarome Iginla of the Calgary Flames and Rick Nash of the Columbus Blue Jackets)
The Georgia’s Own Credit Union 3 Stars of the Year Award was awarded annually to the Thrashers player amassing the most number of points throughout the season by being named as one of the three stars of each game. The award was created in the Thrashers' inaugural season of 1999.
Winners[edit]
2010–11: Ondrej Pavelec, goaltender
2009–10: Johan Hedberg, goaltender
2008–09: Ilya Kovalchuk, forward
2007–08: Ilya Kovalchuk, forward
2006–07: Marian Hossa, forward
2005–06: Marian Hossa, forward
2004–05: Not awarded due to NHL lockout
2003–04: Ilya Kovalchuk, forward
2002–03: Dany Heatley, forward
2001–02: Dany Heatley, forward, and Milan Hnilicka, goaltender
2000–01: Ray Ferraro, forward
1999–2000: Ray Ferraro, forward
Media[edit]
The giant fire-breathing birdheads at Philips Arena, lit when the players were introduced before the game and when the Thrashers scored a goal
The Atlanta Thrashers were broadcast on cable television on SportSouth and Fox Sports South. Radio coverage included play-by-play of all games on 680 The Fan in Atlanta. The station was the flagship of a network that included 18 stations. Most were in Georgia, but there were two affiliates in South Carolina and one in Scottsboro, Alabama. The radio play-by-play voice for the first season was Scott Ferrall, followed by Dan Kamal.
Atlanta portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlanta Thrashers.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NHL Board unanimous on Winnipeg sale, relocation". NHL.com. June 21, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1997/06/18/oth_210066.shtml
Jump up ^ "Thrasherville historical marker".
Jump up ^ "Atlanta Thrashers Draft History at Hockey Database". Archived from the original on 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ Kreiser, John (2009-06-15). "The best picks ever, No. 1-30". NHL.com. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
Jump up ^ "A Sadness In Atlanta". Sports Illustrated. 2003-10-13. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
Jump up ^ "Felony charge dropped for Thrashers star's plea". 2005-02-05. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
Jump up ^ "Thrashers to Winnipeg rumour wishful thinking". 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Group wants to move Atlanta Thrashers to Hamilton". The Star. Toronto. 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
Jump up ^ "LAWSUIT CLAIMS THRASHERS HAVE LOST US$130 MILLION SINCE '05". 2011-01-22. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Sense of urgency faces Atlanta Thrashers ownership group". 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2011-01-24. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Filmmaker Stephen Rollins interested in Thrashers". 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
Jump up ^ Ozanian, Mike (2011-05-02). "Atlanta Thrashers Will Likely Be Sold For $110 Million". Forbes.
Jump up ^ Atlanta Spirit, True North in negotiations about Thrashers sale, relocation
Jump up ^ Brunt, Stephen (22 May 2011). "Atlanta Thrashers moving to Winnipeg". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Zwolonski, Mark and Kevin McGran (2011-05-20). Atlanta Thrashers’ move to Winnipeg not complete, parties insist. Toronto Star. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ Lawless, Gary (2011-05-17). Few hurdles to potential Thrashers sale to WinnipegArchived May 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.. Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
Jump up ^ Short, Robin (2011-05-24). AHL return waiting on first ’Peg. St. John's Telegram. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
Jump up ^ Thrashers' move to Winnipeg approved ESPN
Jump up ^ "Thrashers Unveil Third Jerseys". 2008-10-08. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-10. , including a photo timeline of Thrashers jerseys.
Jump up ^ "Gretzky's number retired before All-Star Game", Sports Illustrated, 7 February 2000
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Indian Premier League
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Indian Premier League (IPL)
Official IPL logo
Countries
India
Administrator
IPL Governing Council, BCCI
Format
Twenty20
First tournament
2008
Last tournament
2017
Next tournament
2018
Tournament format
Double round-robin league and Playoffs
Number of teams
8
Most successful
Mumbai Indians (3 titles)
Most runs
Suresh Raina (4540)[1]
Most wickets
Lasith Malinga (154)[2]
TV
List of broadcasters
Website
iplt20.com
2017 IPL season
The Indian Premier League (IPL), officially Vivo Indian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested during April and May of every year by teams representing Indian cities. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007, and is regarded as the brainchild of Lalit Modi, the founder and former commissioner of the league.[3] The current IPL title holders are the Mumbai Indians, who won the 2017 Indian Premier League.[4]
The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world and ranks sixth among all sports leagues.[5] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube.[6][7] The brand value of IPL in 2017 was US$5.3 billion, according to Duff & Phelps.[8] According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹11.5 billion (US$182 million) to the GDP of the Indian economy.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Background
1.2 Foundation
1.3 Expansions and terminations
2 Organization
2.1 Tournament format
2.2 Player acquisition, squad composition and salaries
2.3 Prize money
2.4 Rules
3 Teams
3.1 Current teams
3.2 Former teams
4 Tournament seasons and results
5 Awards
5.1 Orange Cap
5.2 Purple Cap
6 Financials
6.1 Title sponsorship
6.2 Brand value
7 Broadcasting
7.1 International broadcasters
8 IPL Governing Council
9 See also
10 Footnotes
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
Background[edit]
The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was founded in 2007, with funding provided by Zee Entertainment Enterprises.[10] The ICL was not recognised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the BCCI were not pleased with its committee members joining the ICL executive board.[11] To prevent players from joining the ICL, the BCCI increased the prize money in their own domestic tournaments and also imposed lifetime bans on players joining the ICL, which was considered a rebel league by the board.[12][13]
Foundation[edit]
"The IPL has been designed to entice an entire new generation of sports fans into the grounds throughout the country. The dynamic Twenty20 format has been designed to attract a young fan base, which also includes women and children."
“
”
— Modi during the launch of the IPL.[14]
On 13 September 2007, the BCCI announced the launch of a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition called Indian Premier League whose first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, said to be the mastermind behind the idea of IPL, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials, and that the top two teams of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had been working on the idea for two years and that IPL was not started as a "knee-jerk reaction" to the ICL.[14] The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States.[13]
In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million.[13] At the end of the auction, the winning bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai.[13] In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total of $723.59 million.[15] The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.
Expansions and terminations[edit]
Crowd during a match of the 2015 IPL season in Hyderabad, India.
On 21 March 2010, it was announced that two new franchises – Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala – would join the league before the fourth season in 2011.[16] Sahara Adventure Sports Group bought the Pune franchise for $370 million while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.[16] However, one year later, on 11 November 2011, it was announced that the Kochi Tuskers Kerala side would be terminated following the side breaching the BCCI's terms of conditions.[17]
Then, on 14 September 2012, following the team not being able to find new owners, the BCCI announced that the 2009 champions, the Deccan Chargers, would be terminated.[18] The next month, on 25 October, an auction was held to see who would be the owner of the replacement franchise, with Sun TV Network winning the bid for the Hyderabad franchise.[19] The team would be named Sunrisers Hyderabad.[20]
On 14 June 2015, it was announced that two-time champions, Chennai Super Kings, and the inaugural season champions, Rajasthan Royals, would be suspended for two seasons following their role in a match-fixing and betting scandal.[21] Then, on 8 December 2015, following an auction, it was revealed that Pune and Rajkot would replace Chennai and Rajasthan for two seasons.[22] The two teams were the Rising Pune Supergiant and the Gujarat Lions.
Organization[edit]
Tournament format[edit]
Currently, with eight teams, each team plays each other twice in a home-and-away round-robin format in the league phase. At the conclusion of the league stage, the top four teams will qualify for the playoffs. The top two teams from the league phase will play against each other in the first Qualifying match, with the winner going straight to the IPL final and the loser getting another chance to qualify for the IPL final by playing the second Qualifying match. Meanwhile, the third and fourth place teams from league phase play against each other in an eliminator match and the winner from that match will play the loser from the first Qualifying match. The winner of the second Qualifying match will move onto the final to play the winner of the first Qualifying match in the IPL Final match, where the winner will be crowned the Indian Premier League champions.
Player acquisition, squad composition and salaries[edit]
A team can acquire players through any of the three ways: the annual player auction, trading players with other teams during the trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction and also set their base price, and are bought by the franchise that bids the highest for them. Unsold players at the auction are eligible to be signed up as replacement signings. In the trading windows, a player can only be traded with his consent, with the franchise paying the difference if any between the old and new contract. If the new contract is worth more than the older one, the difference is shared between the player and the franchise selling the player. There are generally three trading windows–two before the auction, and one after the auction but before the start of the tournament. Players can not be traded outside the trading windows or during the tournament, whereas replacements can be signed before or during the tournament.
Some of the team composition rules are as follows:
The squad strength must be between 16 and 27 players, with a maximum of 9 overseas players
A team can play a maximum of 4 overseas players in their playing eleven
Salary cap of the entire squad must not exceed ₹66 crore (as of 2017)[23]
Under-19 players can not be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket
The term of a player contract is one year, with the franchise having the option to extend the contract by one or two years. Since the 2014 season, the player contracts are denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in U.S. dollars. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual date of payment.[24] Prior to the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool and could be signed up by the franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 to 30 lakh would get deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners who complained that richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table deals" following which the IPL decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[25]
According to a 2015 survey by Sporting Intelligence and ESPN The Magazine, the average IPL salary when pro-rated is US$4.33 million per year, the second highest among all sport leagues in the world. Since the players in IPL are only contracted for the duration of the tournament (less than two months), the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro rata to obtain average annual salary, unlike other sport leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[26]
Prize money[edit]
The 2015 season of the IPL offered a total prize money of ₹40 crore (US$6.2 million), with the winning team netting ₹15 crore (US$2.3 million).[27] The first and second runners up received 10 and 7.5 crores, respectively, with the fourth placed team also winning 7.5 crores. The others teams are not awarded any prize money. The IPL rules mandate that half of the prize money must be distributed among the players.[28]
Rules[edit]
IPL games utilise television timeouts and hence there is no time limit in which teams must complete their innings. However, a penalty may be imposed if the umpires find teams misusing this privilege. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic timeout" during each innings; one must be taken by the bowling team between the ends of the 6th and 9th overs, and one by the batting team between the ends of the 13th and 16th overs.[29]
Teams[edit]
Current teams[edit]
Team
City
Home ground
Founded
Coach
Captain
Chennai Super Kings Chennai, Tamil Nadu M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 2008 TBA TBA
Delhi Daredevils Delhi Feroz Shah Kotla 2008 Paddy Upton Zaheer Khan
Kings XI Punjab Mohali, Punjab PCA Stadium 2008 Virender Sehwag Glenn Maxwell
Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata, West Bengal Eden Gardens 2008 Jacques Kallis Gautam Gambhir
Mumbai Indians Mumbai, Maharashtra Wankhede Stadium 2008 Mahela Jayawardene Rohit Sharma
Rajasthan Royals Jaipur, Rajasthan Sawai Mansingh Stadium 2008 TBA TBA
Royal Challengers Bangalore Bangalore, Karnataka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium 2008 Daniel Vettori Virat Kohli
Sunrisers Hyderabad Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi Cricket Stadium 2012[a] Tom Moody David Warner
Former teams[edit]
Team
City
Home ground
Founded
Dissolved
Current status
Deccan Chargers Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi Cricket Stadium 2008 2012 Defunct
Gujarat Lions Rajkot, Gujarat SCA Stadium 2015[b] 2017 Defunct
Kochi Tuskers Kerala Kochi, Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2010[c] 2011 Defunct
Pune Warriors India Pune, Maharashtra MCA Stadium 2010[d] 2013 Defunct
Rising Pune Supergiant Pune, Maharashtra MCA Stadium 2015[e] 2017 Defunct
Tournament seasons and results[edit]
Main articles: List of Indian Premier League seasons and results and List of Indian Premier League records and statistics
Out of the thirteen teams those have played in the Indian Premier League since its inception, one team has won the competition three times, two teams have won the competition twice each and three other teams have won it once each. The Mumbai Indians are the most successful team in league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders have won two titles each, and the other three teams who have won the tournament are the Deccan Chargers, Rajasthan Royals and Sunrisers Hyderabad. The Chennai Super Kings is the only team to have won the tournament and then defended it the next season, winning in 2010 and winning again in 2011, thus becoming the first and only team to win the IPL at their home ground, the MA Chidambaram Stadium. Also the Chennai Super Kings has the better win-loss ratio among all the teams and have qualified to semifinals/Play-offs in every season the team participated. The Chennai Super Kings have also made it to the IPL finals a record 6 times in the 8 years they have played.
The current champions are Mumbai Indians who beat Rising Pune Supergiant in the final of the 2017 season to secure their third title and thus became the most successful team in IPL history ever.
IPL season results[30][31]
Season
Final
Final venue
Number of teams
Player of the series
Winner
Winning margin
Runner-up
2008
Details
Rajasthan Royals[32]
164/7 (20 overs) Won by 3 wickets
(Scorecard) Chennai Super Kings[32]
163/5 (20 overs) DY Patil Stadium[32] 8[33] Shane Watson[32]
2009
Details
Deccan Chargers[34]
143/6 (20 overs) Won by 6 runs
(Scorecard) Royal Challengers Bangalore[34]
137/9 (20 overs) Wanderers Stadium[34]
(South Africa) 8[35] Adam Gilchrist[34]
2010
Details
Chennai Super Kings[36]
168/5 (20 overs) Won by 22 runs
(Scorecard) Mumbai Indians[36]
146/9 (20 overs) DY Patil Stadium[36] 8[37] Sachin Tendulkar[36]
2011
Details
Chennai Super Kings[38]
205/5 (20 overs) Won by 58 runs
(Scorecard) Royal Challengers Bangalore[38]
147/8 (20 overs) M. A. Chidambaram Stadium[38] 10[39] Chris Gayle[38]
2012
Details
Kolkata Knight Riders[40]
192/5 (19.4 overs) Won by 5 wickets
(Scorecard) Chennai Super Kings[40]
190/3 (20 overs) M. A. Chidambaram Stadium[40] 9[41] Sunil Narine[40]
2013
Details
Mumbai Indians[42]
148/9 (20 overs) Won by 23 runs
(Scorecard) Chennai Super Kings[42]
125/9 (20 overs) Eden Gardens[42] 9[43] Shane Watson[42]
2014
Details
Kolkata Knight Riders[44]
200/7 (19.3 overs) Won by 3 wickets
(Scorecard) Kings XI Punjab[44]
199/4 (20 overs) M. Chinnaswamy Stadium[44] 8[45] Glenn Maxwell[44]
2015
Details
Mumbai Indians[46]
202/5 (20 overs) Won by 41 runs
(Scorecard) Chennai Super Kings[46]
161/8 (20 overs) Eden Gardens[46] 8[47] Andre Russell[46]
2016
Details
Sunrisers Hyderabad[48]
208/7 (20 overs) Won by 8 runs
(Scorecard) Royal Challengers Bangalore[48]
200/7 (20 overs) M. Chinnaswamy Stadium[48] 8[49] Virat Kohli[48]
2017
Details
Mumbai Indians[50]
129/8 (20 overs) Won by 1 run
(Scorecard) Rising Pune Supergiant[50]
128/6 (20 overs) Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium[50] 8[51] Ben Stokes[50]
Awards[edit]
Main article: List of Indian Premier League awards
Orange Cap[edit]
Main article: Orange Cap
The Orange Cap is awarded to the top run-scorer in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[52]
Purple Cap[edit]
Main article: Purple Cap
The Purple Cap is awarded to the top wicket-taker in the IPL. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[53]
Financials[edit]
Title sponsorship[edit]
From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of ₹200 crore for five seasons.[54] After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹396.8 crore for the subsequent five seasons.[55] However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015 two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.[56] The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for an undisclosed amount, estimated to be about ₹200 crore.[57] In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2199 crore, in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016.[58][59]
Title sponsor
Period
Sponsorship fee (per year)
DLF 2008–2012 ₹40 crore
Pepsi 2013–2015 ₹79.2 crore
Vivo 2016–2017 ₹100 crore[f]
2018–2022 ₹439.8 crore
Brand value[edit]
The IPL has seen a spike in its brand valuation to US$5.3 billion after the 10th edition, according to global valuation and corporate finance advisor Duff & Phelps.[60] The brand value of IPL was estimated to be US$4.5 billion in 2015 by American Appraisal, a Division of Duff & Phelps.[61] Duff & Phelps added that the value of brand IPL has jumped to $4.16 billion after the 2016 edition, against $3.54 billion in 2015. The 19% jump is despite the fact that the US dollar to Indian rupee currency has depreciated by nearly 10%.[62]
Team Valuation as on 2017[63],
Team
Brand Value in US$
Mumbai Indians 106 million
Kolkata Knight Riders 99 million
Royal Challengers Bangalore 88 million
Sunrisers Hyderabad 56 million
Delhi Daredevils 44 million
Kings XI Punjab 41 million
Broadcasting[edit]
The IPL's broadcast rights were originally held by a partnership between Sony Pictures Networks and World Sport Group, under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.026 billion. Sony would be responsible for domestic television, while WSG would handle international distribution.[64][65] The initial plan was for 20% of these proceeds to go to the IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchisees from 2008 until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares.[66] However, in March 2010, IPL decided not to go public and list its shares.[citation needed] As of the 2016 season, Sony MAX, Sony SIX, and Sony ESPN served as the domestic broadcasters of the IPL; MAX and SIX aired broadcasts in Hindi, while SIX also aired broadcasts in the Bengali, Tamil, and Telugu languages. Sony ESPN broadcast English-language feeds.[67]
The IPL became a major television property within India; Sony MAX typically became the most-watched television channel in the country during the tournament,[68] and by 2016, annual advertising revenue surpassed ₹1,200 crore. Viewership numbers were expected to increase further during the 2016 season due to the industry adoption of the new BARC ratings system, which also calculates rural viewership rather than only urban markets.[69][67] In the 2016 season, Sony's broadcasts achieved just over 1 billion impressions (television viewership in thousands), jumping to 1.25 billion the following year.[68] Sony also broadcast a companion talk show, Extraaa Innings T20.[70]
On 4 September 2017, it was announced that the then-current digital rightsholder, Star India (a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox), had acquired the global media rights to the IPL under a five-year contract beginning in 2018. Valued at ₹16,347.5 crore (₹163.475 billion, US$2.55 billion, £1.97 billion), it is a 158% increase over the previous deal, and the most expensive broadcast rights deal in the history of cricket. The IPL sold the rights in packages for domestic television, domestic digital, and international rights; although Sony held the highest bid for domestic television, and Facebook had made an US$600 million bid for domestic digital rights (which U.S. media interpreted as a sign that the social network was interested in pursuing professional sports rights),[71][72] Star was the only bidder out of the shortlist of 14 to make bids in all three categories.[73][74][75]
Star CEO Uday Shankar stated that the IPL was a "very powerful property", and that Star would "remain very committed to make sure that the growth of sports in this country continues to be driven by the power of cricket". He went on to say that "whoever puts in that money, they put in that money because they believe in the fans of the sport. The universe of cricket fans, it tells you, continues to very healthy, continues to grow. What was paid in 2008, that was 2008. India and cricket and IPL—all three have changed dramatically in the last 10 years. It is a reflection of that."[74][73][75] The deal led to concerns that Star India now held a monopoly on cricket rights in the country, as it is also the rightsholder of ICC competitions and the Indian national team.[76]
International broadcasters[edit]
Territory
Network
Afghanistan Lemar TV (2017)
Africa (Sub-Sahara) SuperSport (2008–present)[77]
Australia Network Ten (2008)
One HD (2009-2010)
Bangladesh Maasranga (2014–2016)
Channel 9 (2016 – present)[78]
Bhutan SET Max (2008–present)[78]
Sony SIX (2013–present)[78]
Brunei Astro (2008–present)[78]
Canada Rogers Media (Sportsnet, Omni Television) (2011–2014)[79]Ethnic Channels Group, CricketGateway[80]
Caribbean SportsMax (2008–present)[64]
Hong Kong PCCW (2010–present)[78]
India Sony MAX (2008–2017)[64]
Sony SIX (2013–2017)
Sony ESPN (2016–2017)
Star Sports (2018-2022)
Malaysia Astro (2008–present)[78]
Arab world OSN Sports (2015–present)[78]
Nepal Sony MAX (2008–present)[78]
Sony SIX (2013–present)[78]
Sony ESPN (2016–present)
New Zealand Sky Sport (2012–present)[78]
Pakistan Geo Super (2008–present)[78]
Singapore StarHub (2008–present)[78]
Singtel (2015–present)[78]
United Kingdom ITV4 (2011-2014)[81]
Sky Sports (2015–present)[82]
United States Willow.tv (2017–present)[83]
Worldwide internet rights The Times Group (2011–2014)[84]
Hotstar(2015–present)[85]
IPL Governing Council[edit]
The IPL Governing Council is responsible for all the functions of the tournament. The members are Rajeev Shukla, Ajay Shirke, Sourav Ganguly, Anurag Thakur and Anirudh Chaudhary. In January 2016, the Supreme Court appointed Lodha Committee to recommend separate governing bodies for the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the Indian Premier League (IPL), where Justice RM Lodha suggested a One State-One Member pattern for the board.[86]
See also[edit]
India portal
Cricket portal
Indian Premier League portal
List of Indian Premier League players
List of current Indian Premier League team rosters
Controversies involving the Indian Premier League
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ The team was founded in 2012 and made its IPL debut in the 2013 season
Jump up ^ The team was founded in 2015 and made its IPL debut in the 2016 season
Jump up ^ The team was founded in 2010 and made its IPL debut in the 2011 season
Jump up ^ The team was founded in 2010 and made its IPL debut in the 2011 season
Jump up ^ The team was founded in 2015 and made its IPL debut in the 2016 season
Jump up ^ media report estimate
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "2009 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "2010 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "IPL 2010 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2011 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "IPL 2011 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2012 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "IPL 2012 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2013 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "IPL 2013 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2014 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "IPL 2014 season squads". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2015 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "2016 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "2017 IPL Final scorecard, venue and MVP details". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
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Jump up ^ "IPL rings in Vivo Mobiles". The Hindu. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Venugopal, Arun (27 June 2017). "Vivo retains IPL title rights till 2022 after massive bid". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
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Jump up ^ Kafka, Peter (2017-09-04). "Facebook just bid $600 million to stream Indian cricket matches. Will it try NFL games next?". Recode. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Star India wins IPL rights for US $2.55 billion". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
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