text:
List of The Good Place episodes
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The Good Place is an American fantasy comedy television series created by Michael Schur. The series premiered on September 19, 2016 on NBC.[1] The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a recently deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael (Ted Danson) to "The Good Place", a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. However, she quickly realizes that she was sent there by mistake, and must hide her morally imperfect behavior, and try to be a better person. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil, and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place, together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants. Each episode is listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title sequence. Episodes include flashbacks to incidents in the main characters lives and each one ends with a cliffhanger.
On January 30, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes, which premiered on September 20, 2017, with an hour-long premiere, before moving to its normal time slot Thursday at 8:30 pm on September 28, 2017.[2] As of November 2, 2017,[update] 21 episodes of The Good Place have aired. On November 21, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a third season, set to consist of thirteen episodes.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2016–17)
2.2 Season 2 (2017)
3 References
4 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19)
2 13 September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)[4]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]
Main article: The Good Place (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured flashback character
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Everything Is Fine" Drew Goddard Michael Schur Eleanor September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) 8.04[5]
2
2 "Flying" Michael McDonald Alan Yang Eleanor September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) 8.04[5]
3
3 "Tahani Al-Jamil" Beth McCarthy-Miller Aisha Muharrar Eleanor September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22) 5.25[6]
4
4 "Jason Mendoza" Payman Benz Joe Mande Jason September 29, 2016 (2016-09-29) 4.45[7]
5
5 "Category 55 Doomsday Crisis" Morgan Sackett Matt Murray Tahani October 6, 2016 (2016-10-06) 4.97[8]
6
6 "What We Owe to Each Other" Tucker Gates Dylan Morgan & Josh Siegal Eleanor October 13, 2016 (2016-10-13) 4.23[9]
7
7 "The Eternal Shriek" Trent O'Donnell Megan Amram Chidi October 20, 2016 (2016-10-20) 3.79[10]
8
8 "Most Improved Player" Tristram Shapeero Dan Schofield Eleanor October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27) 3.89[11]
9
9 "...Someone Like Me as a Member" Dean Holland Jen Statsky Eleanor November 3, 2016 (2016-11-03) 3.68[12]
10
10 "Chidi's Choice" Linda Mendoza Demi Adejuyigbe Chidi January 5, 2017 (2017-01-05) 3.53[13]
11
11 "What's My Motivation" Lynn Shelton Andrew Law Jason January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12) 3.64[14]
12
12 "Mindy St. Claire" Dean Holland Megan Amram & Jen Statsky Eleanor January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19) 3.93[15]
13
13 "Michael's Gambit" Michael Schur Michael Schur Michael January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19) 3.93[15]
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
Main article: The Good Place (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured flashback character
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
14
1[a] "Everything Is Great! (Part 1)" Trent O'Donnell Jen Statsky N/A September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) 5.28[16]
15
2[a] "Everything Is Great! (Part 2)" Trent O'Donnell Joe Mande N/A September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) 5.28[16]
16
3 "Dance Dance Resolution" Drew Goddard Megan Amram N/A September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28) 4.67[17]
17
4 "Team Cockroach" Morgan Sackett Dan Schofield Tahani October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05) 4.17[18]
18
5 "Existential Crisis" Beth McCarthy-Miller Andrew Law Eleanor October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) 4.05[19]
19
6 "The Trolley Problem" Dean Holland Josh Siegal & Dylan Morgan N/A October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19) 3.92[20]
20
7 "Janet and Michael" Dean Holland Kate Gersten Janet and Michael October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26) 3.97[21]
21
8 "Derek" Jude Weng Cord Jefferson N/A November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) 3.06[22]
22
9 "Leap to Faith"[23] TBA TBA TBA January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04) TBD
23
10 "Best Self"[24] TBA TBA TBA January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11) TBD
24
11 "Rhonda, Diana, Jake, and Trent"[25] TBA TBA TBA January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18) TBD
^ Jump up to: a b The second-season premiere aired as one hour-long episode, but the on-screen titles identified it as Chapters 14 and 15 of the series.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Michael (June 15, 2016). "NBC Sets Fall Premiere Dates, Gives 'Good Place' a Choice Preview Slot". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2017). "NBC Tweaks Fall Rollout: Good Place Gets Early Talent-Boosted Premiere, The Blacklist Return Moved Up". TVLine. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sandberg, Bryn Elise (November 21, 2017). "'The Good Place' Renewed for Season 3 at NBC (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - the good place on nbc". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 20, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' and 'Gotham' adjust up, 'Kevin' and 'Good Place' hold". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 23, 2016). "Thursday final ratings: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Superstore' and 'Good Place' adjust up, 'Notorious' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 30, 2016). "Thursday final ratings: 'Superstore' and 'The Good Place' adjust up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 7, 2016). "'Superstore' adjusts up, 'Grey's' and ABC adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 14, 2016). "'Notorious' adjusts down, final NFL numbers: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 21, 2016). "'The Good Place' and 'Legends of Tomorrow' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 28, 2016). "'The Good Place' and 'Chicago Med' adjust up, 'Pure Genius,' other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 4, 2016). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'How to Get Away' adjust up, 'Great Indoors' and NBC adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 9, 2017). "ABC's Menendez brothers special adjusts up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 13, 2017). "'Chicago Med' adjusts up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (January 23, 2017). "'The Big Bang Theory' ajdusts up, 'My Kitchen Rules' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 21, 2017). "'America's Got Talent,' 'Big Brother,' 'Masterchef' ajdust up, 'The Good Place' and 'Salvation' adjust down: Wednesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 29, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Superstore,' 'Good Place,' 'Gotham' adjust up; 'How to Get Away' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 6, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Gotham' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 20, 2017). "'Gotham' and 'Supernatural' adjust up, final NFL numbers: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 27, 2017). "NFL adjusts up, scripted shows all unchanged: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Will & Grace' adjusts up, 'Sheldon' and other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#209) "Leap to Faith"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#210) "Best Self"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(#211) "Rhonda, Diana, Jake, and Trent"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
List of The Good Place episodes on IMDb
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Japanese pagoda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Multi-storied pagodas in wood and stone, and a gorintō
Pagodas in Japan are called tō (塔, lit. pagoda), sometimes buttō (仏塔, lit. Buddhist pagoda) or tōba (塔婆, lit. pagoda) and historically derive from the Chinese pagoda, itself an interpretation of the Indian stupa.[1] Like the stupa, pagodas were originally used as reliquaries but in many cases they ended up losing this function.[2] Pagodas are quintessentially Buddhist and an important component of Japanese Buddhist temple compounds but, because until the Kami and Buddhas Separation Act of 1868, a Shinto shrine was normally also a Buddhist temple and vice versa, they are not rare at shrines either. The famous Itsukushima Shrine, for example, has one.[3]
After the Meiji Restoration the word tō, once used exclusively in a religious context, came to mean also "tower" in the western sense, as for example in Eiffel tower (エッフェル塔, Efferu-tō).
Of the Japanese pagoda's many forms, some are built in wood and are collectively known as mokutō (木塔, lit. wood pagoda), but most are carved out of stone (sekitō (石塔, lit. stone pagoda). Wood pagodas are large buildings with either two stories (like the tahōtō (多宝塔, lit. Tahō pagoda), see photo below) or an odd number of stories. Extant wood pagodas with more than two storeys have almost always either three storeys (and are therefore called sanjū-no-tō (三重塔, lit. three-storeyed pagoda)) or five (and are called gojū-no-tō (五重塔, lit. five-storeyed pagoda). Stone pagodas are nearly always small, usually well below 3 metres, and as a rule offer no usable space. If they have more than one story, pagodas are called tasōtō (多層塔, lit. multi-storied pagoda) or tajūtō (多重塔, lit. multi-storied pagoda).
A pagoda's size is measured in ken, where a ken is the interval between two pillars of a traditional-style building. A tahōtō for example can be either 5x5 ken or 3x3 ken.[4] The word is usually translated in English as "bay" and is better understood as an indication of proportions than as a unit of measurement.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Design and structure evolution
1.2 Loss of importance of the pagoda within the garan
2 Stone pagodas
2.1 Tasōtō or tajūtō
2.2 Hōtō
2.3 Gorintō
2.4 Hōkyōintō
2.5 Muhōtō or rantō
2.6 Kasatōba
2.7 Sōrintō
3 Wooden pagodas
3.1 Tasōtō
3.2 Hōtō
3.3 Tahōtō
3.3.1 Daitō
3.4 Sotōba
4 Gallery of pagodas in Japan
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Bibliography
History[edit]
Japan's oldest three-storeyed pagoda at Hokki-ji, Ikaruga, Nara Pref. It was built in 706.
The stupa was originally a simple mound containing the Buddha's ashes which in time became more elaborate, while its finial grew proportionally larger.[2] After reaching China, the stupa met the Chinese watchtower and evolved into the pagoda, a tower with an odd number of storeys.[note 1] Its use then spread to Korea and, from there, to Japan. Following its arrival in Japan together with Buddhism in the 6th century, the pagoda became one of the focal points of the early Japanese garan.[note 2] In Japan it evolved in shape, size and function, finally losing its original role as a reliquary.[5] It also became extremely common, while on the Asian continent it is rare.[6]
With the birth of new sects in later centuries, the pagoda lost importance and was consequently relegated to the margins of the garan. Temples of the Jōdo sects rarely have a pagoda.[2] During the Kamakura period the Zen sect arrived in Japan and their temples do not normally include a pagoda.
Pagodas originally were reliquaries and did not contain sacred images, but in Japan many, for example Hōryū-ji's five-storied pagoda, enshrine statues of various deities.[5] To allow the opening of a room at the ground floor and therefore create some usable space, the pagoda's central shaft, which originally reached the ground, was shortened to the upper stories, where it rested on supporting beams.[5] In that room are enshrined statues of the temple's main objects of worship. Inside Shingon pagodas there can be paintings of deities called Shingon Hasso (真言八祖); on the ceiling and on the central shaft there can be decorations and paintings.[5]
Design and structure evolution[edit]
The edge of a pagoda's eaves forms a straight line, with each following edge being shorter than the other. The more difference in length (a parameter called teigen (逓減, gradual diminution) in Japanese) between stories, the more solid and secure the pagoda seems to be. Both teigen and the finial are greater in older pagodas, giving them a sense of solidity.[5] Vice versa, recent pagodas tend to be steeper and have shorter finials, creating svelter silhouettes.
From the structural point of view, old pagodas had a stone base (心礎, shinso) over which stood the main pillar (心柱, shinbashira). Around it would be erected the first story's supporting pillars, then the beams supporting the eaves and so on. The other stories would be built over the completed one, and on top of the main pillar would at last be inserted the finial.[5] In later eras, all of the supporting structures would be erected at once, and later to them were fixed parts of more cosmetic function.[5]
Early pagodas had a central pillar that penetrated deep into the ground. With the evolution of architectural techniques, it was first put to rest on a base stone at ground level, then it was shortened and put to rest on beams at the second story to allow the opening of a room.[2][5]
Their role within the temple declined gradually while they were being functionally replaced by main halls (kondō). Originally the centerpiece of the Shingon and Tendai garan, they were moved later to its edges and finally abandoned, in particular by the Zen sects, the last to appear in Japan.
Loss of importance of the pagoda within the garan[edit]
A reconstruction of Asuka-dera's original layout with a pagoda at its center
Because of the relics they contained, wooden pagodas used to be the centerpiece of the garan, the seven edifices considered indispensable for a temple.[7] They gradually lost importance and were replaced by the kondō (golden hall), because of the magic powers believed to lie within the images the building housed. This loss of status was so complete that Zen schools, which arrived late in Japan from China, normally do not have any pagoda in their garan. The layout of four early temples clearly illustrates this trend: they are in chronological order Asuka-dera, Shitennō-ji, Hōryū-ji, and Yakushi-ji.[7] In the first, the pagoda was at the very center of the garan surrounded by three small kondō (see the reconstruction of the temple's original layout). In the second, a single kondō is at the center of the temple and the pagoda lies in front of it. At Hōryū-ji, they are one next to the other. Yakushi-ji has a single, large kondō at the center with two pagodas on the sides. The same evolution can be observed in Buddhist temples in China.
Stone pagodas[edit]
A rare 16-story stone pagoda at Chōshō-ji in Kamakura
Stone pagodas (sekitō) are usually made of materials like apatite or granite, are much smaller than wooden ones and are finely carved.[5] Often they bear sanskrit inscriptions, Buddhist figurines and Japanese lunar calendar dates nengō. Like wooden ones, they are mostly classifiable on the basis of the number of stories as tasōtō or hōtō, but there are however some styles hardly ever seen in wood, namely the gorintō, the muhōtō, the hōkyōintō and the kasatōba.[8]
Tasōtō or tajūtō[edit]
With a few very rare exceptions, tasōtō (also called tajūtō) have an odd number of stories, normally comprised between three and thirteen.[9] They are usually less than three meters tall, but they can occasionally be much taller. The tallest still extant is a 13-story pagoda at Hannya-ji in Nara, which is 14.12 m. They are often dedicated to Buddha and offer no usable room, but some have a small space inside which holds a sacred image.[8] In the oldest extant specimen, while the edge of each story are parallel to the ground, each successive story is smaller than the next, resulting in a strongly slanted curve. More modern tasōtō tend to have a less pronounced curve.
Media related to tasōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Hōtō[edit]
A hōtō at Ankokuron-ji
A hōtō (宝塔, lit. jewel stupa) is a pagoda consisting of four parts: a low foundation stone, a cylindrical body with a rounded top, a four-sided roof and a finial.[10] Unlike the similar tahōtō (see section below) it has no enclosed pent roof (mokoshi) around its circular core.[5] Like the tahōtō it takes its name from Buddhist deity Tahō Nyorai. The hōtō was born during the early Heian period, when the Tendai and Shingon sects first arrived in Japan. Indeed, because it does not exist on the Asian continent, it is believed to have been invented in Japan.[5]
There used to exist full-size hōtō, but almost only miniature ones survive, normally made of stone and/or metal.[10]
Media related to hōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Gorintō[edit]
Main article: Gorintō
A gorintō
The gorintō (五輪塔, lit. five ring tower) is a pagoda found almost only in Japan and believed to have been first adopted by the Shingon and Tendai sects during the mid Heian period.[11] It is used as a tomb marker or as a cenotaph, and is therefore a common sight in Buddhist temples and cemeteries. It is also called gorinsotōba (五輪卒塔婆) ("five-ringed stupa") or goringedatsu (五輪解脱), where the term sotoba is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word stupa.[1]
In all its variations, the gorintō is made of five blocks (although that number can sometimes be difficult to detect), each having one of the five shapes which symbolize of the Five Elements believed to be the basic building blocks of reality: earth (cube), water (sphere), fire (pyramid), air (crescent), and ether, energy, or void (lotus).[11] The last two rings (air and ether) are visually and conceptually united into a single subgroup.
Media related to gorintō at Wikimedia Commons
Hōkyōintō[edit]
Main article: Hōkyōintō
A hōkyōintō
The hōkyōintō (宝篋印塔) is a large stone pagoda so called because it originally contained the Hōkyōin (宝篋印) dharani (陀羅尼) sūtra.[1] It was originally used as a cenotaph for the King of Wuyue - Qian Liu in China.[1]
The hōkyōintō tradition in Japan is believed to have begun during the Asuka period (550–710 CE).[12] They used to be made of wood and started to be made in stone only during the Kamakura period.[12] It is also during this period that they started to be used as tombstones and cenotaphs.[12] The hōkyōintō started to be made in its present form during the Kamakura period.[1] Like a gorintō, it is divided in five main sections representing the five elements of Japanese cosmology.[5] The sūtra it sometimes hides contain all the pious deeds of a Tathagata Buddha, and the faithful believe that, by praying in front of the hōkyōintō, their sins will be canceled, during their lives they will be protected from disasters and after death they will go to heaven.[12]
Media related to hōkyōintō at Wikimedia Commons
Muhōtō or rantō[edit]
A muhōtō
The muhōtō (無縫塔, lit. no stitch tower) or rantō (卵塔, lit. egg tower) is a pagoda which usually marks the gravesite of a Buddhist priest. It was originally used by just the Zen schools, but it was later adopted by the others too.[13] Its characteristic egg-shaped upper portion is supposed to be a phallic symbol.
Media related to muhōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Kasatōba[edit]
A kasatōba (笠塔婆, umbrella stupa) (see photo in the gallery below) is simply a square stone post placed over a square base and covered by a pyramidal roof. Over the roof stand a bowl-shaped stone and a lotus-shaped stone. The shaft can be carved with Sanskrit words or low-relief images of Buddhist gods. Within the shaft there can be stone wheels which allow the faithful to turn the stupa around while praying as with a prayer wheel.[14]
Media related to kasatōba at Wikimedia Commons
Sōrintō[edit]
The sōrintō (相輪橖) is a type of small pagoda consisting just of a pole and a sōrin.
Wooden pagodas[edit]
Tasōtō[edit]
Yakushi-ji's Eastern Pagoda
Wooden tasōtō are pagodas with an odd number of stories. Some may appear to have an even number because of the presence between stories of purely decorative enclosed pent roofs called mokoshi[note 3] A famous example is Yakushi-ji's eastern pagoda (see photo to the left), which seems to have six stories but has in fact only three. Another is the tahōtō (see below), which has a single story, plus a mokoshi under its roof, and seems therefore to have two stories.[note 4] There existed specimen with seven or nine stories, but all extant ones have either three (and are therefore called sanjū-no-tō (三重塔, lit. three-storied pagoda)) or five (and are called gojū-no-tō (五重塔, lit. five-storied pagoda).[5]（Tanzan Jinja in Sakurai, Nara, has a pagoda having thirteen, which however for structural reasons is classified separately, and is not considered a tasōtō.)[5] The oldest three-storied pagoda stands at Nara's Hokki-ji and was built between 685 and 706.[5] The oldest extant five-storied pagoda belongs to Hōryū-ji and was built some time during the Asuka period (538 -710). The tallest wooden tasōtō belongs to Tō-ji, Kyoto. It has five stories and is 54 m tall.
Media related to tasōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Hōtō[edit]
A hōtō at Yakuō-ji, Tokushima prefecture
A wooden hōtō is a rare type of pagoda consisting of four parts: a low foundation stone, a cylindrical body with a rounded top, a pyramidal roof and a finial.[10] Unlike the similar tahōtō (see section below) it has no square enclosed pent roof (mokoshi) around its cylindrical core.[5] Like the tahōtō it takes its name from Buddhist deity Tahō Nyorai. The hōtō was born during the early Heian period, when the Tendai and Shingon Buddhist sects first arrived in Japan.
There used to be many full-size hōtō, but almost only miniature ones survive, normally made of stone and/or metal. A good example of full-size hōtō can be seen at Ikegami Honmon-ji in Nishi-magome, Tokyo. The pagoda is 17.4 meter tall and 5.7 meter wide.[10]
Media related to hōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Tahōtō[edit]
Main article: Tahōtō
Negoro-ji's daitō
The tahōtō is a type of wooden pagoda unique for having an even number of stories (two), the first square with a rounded core, the second circular. This style of tō was created surrounding the cylindrical base of a hōtō (see above) with a square, roofed corridor called mokoshi.[note 5][5] The core of the pagoda has just one story with its ceiling below the circular second story, which is inaccessible. Like the tasōtō and the rōmon, in spite of its appearance it therefore offers usable space only at the ground floor.[5]
Because its kind does not exist either in Korea or in China, it is believed to have been invented in Japan during the Heian period (794 - 1185). The tahōtō was important enough to be considered one of the seven indispensable buildings (the so-called shichidō garan) of a Shingon temple.[15] Kūkai himself is responsible for the construction of the tahōto at Mount Kōya's Kongōbu-ji.
Daitō[edit]
The floorplan of Negoro-ji's daitō
Usually the base of a tahōtō is 3-ken across with four main, supporting pillars called shitenbashira (四天柱) at the corners (see drawing).[5] The room the shitenbashira form houses a sanctuary where the main objects of worship (the gohonzon) are enshrined.
Larger, 5x5 ken tahōtō however exist and are called daitō (大塔, lit. large pagoda) because of their dimensions. This is the only type of tahōtō to retain the original structure with a wall separating the corridor (mokoshi) from the core of the structure. This type of pagoda used to be common but, of all daitō ever built, only three are still extant. One is at Wakayama prefecture's Negoro-ji, another at Kongōbu-ji, again in Wakayama, and the last at Kirihata-dera, Tokushima prefecture.[15] The daitō at Kongōbu-ji was founded by Shingon sect's Kūkai. The specimen found at Negoro-ji (see photo above) is 30.85 meters tall and a National Treasure.
Media related to daitō at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to tahōtō at Wikimedia Commons
Sotōba[edit]
Often offertory strips of wood with five subdivisions and covered with elaborate inscriptions called sotōba (卒塔婆) can be found at tombs in Japanese cemeteries (see photo in the gallery below).[5] The inscriptions contain sūtra and the posthumous name of the dead person. Their name derives from the Sanskrit stūpa, and they can be also considered pagodas.
Media related to Sotōba at Wikimedia Commons
Gallery of pagodas in Japan[edit]
A gorintō
A hōkyōintō
A hōtō
A stone tasōtō
Two kasatōba at Hannya-ji, Nara
Ichijō-ji's sanjū-no-tō (three storied pagoda). It was built in 1171.
Murō-ji's gojū-no-tō (five storied pagoda). It was built in 800.
A pagoda at a Shinto shrine, Itsukushima Shrine
A sotōba. Clearly visible is the division in five sections
A sorintō
See also[edit]
Shinbashira, the suspended wooden column inside.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Odd numbers are strongly favoured by Chinese numerology and Buddhism. They are supposed to represent yang, that is, the male and positive principle, and are therefore considered lucky.
Jump up ^ Temple compound, ideally composed of seven buildings.
Jump up ^ Besides being decorative in themselves,they are also used also to hide structural components which would otherwise mar the pagoda's feel.
Jump up ^ On the subject, see also the articles Hisashi, Mokoshi and Moya.
Jump up ^ For reasons of space, however, the wall separating the mokoshi from the core of the pagoda is present only in large tahōtō called daitō (see the next section).
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Iwanami Kōjien Japanese dictionary
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jaanus, Tou
Jump up ^ Hamashima, Masashi (1999). Jisha Kenchiku no Kanshō Kiso Chishiki (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shibundō. p. 88.
Jump up ^ Fujita Masaya, Koga Shūsaku, ed. (April 10, 1990). Nihon Kenchiku-shi (in Japanese) (September 30, 2008 ed.). Shōwa-dō. p. 79. ISBN 4-8122-9805-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fujita & Koga 2008, pp. 79–81
Jump up ^ Scheid, Japanische Pagoden
^ Jump up to: a b * Tamura, Yoshiro (2000). Japanese Buddhism - A Cultural History (First ed.). Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Company. pp. 40–41 pages. ISBN 4-333-01684-3.
^ Jump up to: a b JAANUS, Sekitou
Jump up ^ JAANUS, Tasoutou
^ Jump up to: a b c d JAANUS, Houtou
^ Jump up to: a b JAANUS - Gorintou
^ Jump up to: a b c d Yatsushiro Municipal Museum
Jump up ^ JAANUS - Muhoutou
Jump up ^ JAANUS - Kasatouba
^ Jump up to: a b JAANUS, Daitou
Bibliography[edit]
Iwanami Kōjien (広辞苑) Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version
"JAANUS". Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Fujita Masaya, Koga Shūsaku, ed. (April 10, 1990). Nihon Kenchiku-shi (in Japanese) (September 30, 2008 ed.). Shōwa-dō. ISBN 4-8122-9805-9.
Scheid, Bernhard. "Japanische Pagoden" (in German). University of Vienna. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Shinkō no Katachi - Hōkyōintō, Yatsushiro Municipal Museum, accessed on September 18, 2008 (in Japanese)
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