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List of The Worst Witch characters
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This is a list of characters in The Worst Witch, a series of children's books written and illustrated by Jill Murphy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mildred Hubble
2 Maud Spellbody
3 Enid Nightshade
4 Ethel Hallow
4.1 Ethel Hallow in the books
4.2 Ethel Hallow in the TV series
5 Miss Hardbroom
6 References
Mildred Hubble[edit]
Mildred Hubble is the titular character of The Worst Witch series. Unlike the other girls at Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches, she doesn't come from a regular witch family, but was given a scholarship which greatly impressed Miss Cackle. She is best friends with Maud Spellbody and Enid Nightshade. In The Worst Witch she saves the whole academy from Miss Cackle's jealous and rebel-ish identical twin sister Agatha Cackle, who was seeking to turn all the teachers and pupils into frogs. In the nick of time, Mildred turns Agatha and the rest of her fiendish coven into snails.
In The Worst Witch Strikes Again Miss Cackle trusts her to look after the new girl, Enid Nightshade, much to the chagrin of both Maud and Miss Hardbroom.
In A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch Mildred is turned into a frog by Ethel Hallow where she discovers a frog-magician Algernon Rowan-Webb and manages to have him turned back into a human.
In The Worst Witch All at Sea she sneakily brings Tabby, her bumbling tabby cat along to Grim Cove with her, instead of her new, ordinary black cat Ebony.
In The Worst Witch Saves the Day she once again saves the academy from the ruthless Agatha Cackle (who sneaked into the school disguised as a new teacher Miss Granite, with a high-pitched, squeaky voice, a huge cloud of orange curls, and an extremely bizarre personality) who tried to turn the whole academy into snails.
In The Worst Witch to the Rescue her project is stolen by the ruthless Ethel Hallow who also gets her banned from art lessons with Miss Mould after Ethel turned her clay pot into five rattlesnakes. In the same book, Mildred also pulls off a daring rescue of rescuing her talking pet tortoise from a tall pine tree after Drusilla Paddock hid him there under Ethel's orders.
Despite being clumsy and bumbling, Mildred's intentions are good and she is well-meaning, despite almost getting expelled in The Worst Witch Strikes Again. Although she has trouble training her cat, Tabby- who is grey with black stripes rather than the required black as they 'ran out of black ones' when handing out cats-, Mildred is nevertheless very fond of him, enjoying cuddling up to him in bed, and even risking expulsion to take him with her on holiday after she is forced to give him up in The Worst Witch All at Sea. She also has three bats in her room, which she has named Winky, Blinky and Nod in the series.
Mildred is tall and thin and has long, waist-length, black hair which she wears in two messy pigtails, whereas in The Worst Witch Saves the Day, Mildred has what Miss Hardbroom calls "a bad hair day", after borrowing Maud's styling brush and getting her hair tangled in it. Ethel chops off the styling brush but then cuts off all of Mildred's hair to hide it. In a false attempt at kindness, Ethel gave Mildred a hair-growth potion which, unfortunately, makes Mildred's hair grow so long and so fast that it practically engulfs the whole school. In the TV series, Mildred was portrayed by Georgina Sherrington.
Maud Spellbody[edit]
Maud Spellbody is first introduced as Mildred's best friend. She breaks off her friendship with Mildred in The Worst Witch Strikes Again after growing jealous of Mildred's apparent friendship with the new girl, Enid Nightshade. She later reverts her friendship to Mildred after Ethel locks them in a store cupboard and makes friends with Enid. She is short and chubby with glasses and hair worn in bunches (in A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch she wore pigtails and in The Worst Witch Saves the Day she has curly bunches instead of straight ones). She is fiercely loyal to Mildred and Enid and has stood up to Ethel many times, most notably in The Worst Witch All at Sea where she reprimands Ethel about eavesdropping on a conversation between her and Enid about Mildred acting strangely.
There is also some inconsistency regarding Maud's surname. The 1998 TV series gave her surname as "Moonshine", but it is never referred to as this in the books; in fact Miss Hardbroom scathingly addresses her as Maud "Spellbody" in The Worst Witch All at Sea.[1] The 1980s Halloween television movie gave her surname as "Warlock". Later books, including Fun with the Worst Witch (2014) gave her surname as 'Spellbody' however.[2]
In The Worst Witch (TV series) Maud was played by Emma Brown. Her chubbiness is dropped but her small stature, bunches, glasses, and loyalty towards her friends remain intact. She has also sprung to Mildred's defense several times, such as in the episode "Learning the Hard Way" where she comments to Miss Hardbroom that Mildred would never have any confidence if she kept shouting at her. It was the 2017 TV series that popularized Maud's surname as the most commonly known Spellbody. Maud was played by Danielle Bachelor in the 80's Halloween movie.
Enid Nightshade[edit]
Enid Nightshade is Mildred's second best friend who is introduced in The Worst Witch Strikes Again where she has hair "the colour of milky tea" wearing it in a thick plait and having large limbs. Mildred is assigned to look after her by Miss Cackle. Enid at first appears to be dull and boring but turns out to be a wild practical joker/prankster who is more likely to get the three into trouble than Mildred is. She unintentionally causes trouble for Mildred throughout the novel, even to the point where Miss Cackle threatens to expel Mildred if there is any more bother from her. Nevertheless, Enid is just as loyal as Maud is and provides comfort and support to Mildred in the following books of the series. Enid is the second worst witch in the Academy, as both she and Mildred are hapless at broomstick riding and lack the specific requirements to be fully-fledged, efficient witch. In the TV series, Enid was portrayed by Jessica Fox. In the new BBC reboot, Enid will be portrayed by newcomer Tamara Smart.[3]
Ethel Hallow[edit]
Ethel Hallow is the snobbish, stuck-up, vindictive, and sly rival and enemy of Mildred and her friends. She is favoured by Miss Hardbroom, but appears to have no friends, apart from the rarely seen Drusilla Paddock, who is just as bad as Ethel. Ethel is described as being "one of those lucky people for whom everything goes right" which is what caused her to become so snobby. Ethel is tall and thin (just like Mildred) and has mousy-brown hair which she wears in a ponytail with a black hair ribbon. She also has a very spiky nose (pointed out by Maud in A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch).
Ethel Hallow in the books[edit]
In The Worst Witch Ethel is turned into a pig by Mildred Hubble after persistently taunting her about her tabby cat's inability to fly properly on a broomstick. In revenge, Ethel jinxes the spare broom she lends Mildred, ruining Mildred's broomstick performance in front of Grand Wizard Egbert Hellibore.
In The Worst Witch Strikes Again she locks Mildred and Enid in an abandoned store cupboard.
In A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch she turns Mildred into a frog to get even with her for calling her younger sister Sybil Hallow a "weed".
In The Worst Witch All at Sea she casts off a boat containing Tabby and an unconscious Miss Hardbroom from the breakwater, thus nearly causing them to be lost at sea.
In The Worst Witch Saves the Day she shears all of Mildred's hair off then gives her a hair regrowth potion that causes Mildred's hair to grow out-of-control, and she also hides Tabby on the roof.
Ethel's most villainous role is in The Worst Witch to the Rescue where she gets Mildred banned from art lessons by turning her clay pot into five rattlesnakes, and steals Mildred's project, passing it off as her own, filling Mildred's project folder with sheets of paper with smiley faces scrawled on. She also gets Drusilla to hide Mildred's talking pet tortoise up a tree to prevent him from revealing the truth about the project.
Because of her nasty ways, Ethel is sometimes seen as a bully. Yet her actions are instrumental in setting up the climax of nearly every novel. In The Worst Witch the jinx she puts on the broomstick results in Mildred running away into the woods rather than face Miss Cackle. If Mildred hadn't run away she wouldn't have spotted Agatha Cackle and her coven. In The Worst Witch Strikes Again, if she hadn't locked Mildred and Enid in the store cupboard they would never have flown into the Great Hall to do a performance and improve Maud's speech. In A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch, if Ethel hadn't turned Mildred into a frog, Mildred wouldn't have discovered Algernon Rowan-Webb and he would have remained a frog for the rest of his life. In The Worst Witch All at Sea, if she hadn't set the boat adrift, the legendary treasure chest on Cat's Head Rock wouldn't have been discovered. In The Worst Witch Saves the Day, if Ethel hadn't left Tabby on the roof then Miss Granite wouldn't have picked him up and Mildred wouldn't have found out Miss Granite was actually Agatha Cackle in disguise.
Ethel Hallow in the TV series[edit]
In the 1998 ITV series, Ethel is played by Felicity Jones in the first series and Katie Allen in the second and third series. Jones later reprised her role in Weirdsister College.[4][5][6] The excuse for the change of actress, as explained in the first episode of the second series "Old Hats and New Brooms", was Ethel having a makeover (or a "witch-over" in their case) during the holidays.
In the 2017 CBBC series, Ethel is be portrayed by newcomer Jenny Richardson.[7]
Miss Hardbroom[edit]
Miss Constance Hardbroom is the terrifying and extremely strict form-mistress of Mildred, Maud, Enid, Ethel, and Drusilla. She is tall, thin and bony with waist-length black hair which she keeps "scragged into such a tight knot that her forehead looked quite stretched". Miss Hardbroom favours Ethel Hallow but has the complete opposite attitude to Mildred Hubble. Miss Hardbroom is even terrifying enough to reduce any pupil to a gibbering heap with one word. Despite seeming cruel, Miss Hardbroom's soft side does come through on occasions, such as her "brief flicker of friendliness" at the end of The Worst Witch Saves the Day and her admitting her error of judgement in The Worst Witch to the Rescue.
In the 1986 film Miss Hardbroom is portrayed by Diana Rigg. In the 1998 TV series she is portrayed by Kate Duchêne, and in The New Worst Witch by Caroline O'Neill. In the 2017 CBBC series she is called Miss Hecate Hardbroom and played by Raquel Cassidy.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Murphy, Jill. The Worst Witch All at Sea.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Jill. Fun with the Worst Witch.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2016/worst-witch-casting
Jump up ^ "Crazy girl - The Irish Times - Fri, Jan 27, 2012". The Irish Times. 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Felicity Jones: rising star". Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Shakespeare, Austen and a favourite fairy tale for theatre-goers - Days Out - Norwich Evening News". Eveningnews24.co.uk. 2011-08-04. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2016/worst-witch-casting
[hide]
v
t
e
The Worst Witch series by Jill Murphy
Novels
The Worst Witch
The Worst Witch Strikes Again
A Bad Spell for the Worst Witch
The Worst Witch All at Sea
The Worst Witch Saves the Day
The Worst Witch to the Rescue
The Worst Witch and the Wishing Star
Characters
Mildred Hubble
Maud Spellbody
Enid Nightshade
Ethel Hallow
Drusilla Paddock
Ruby Cherrytree
Jadu Wali
Miss Cackle
Miss Hardbroom
Miss Bat
Miss Drill
Minor characters
Miss Mould
Agatha Cackle/Miss Granite
Algernon Rown-Webb
Egbert Hellibore
Sybil Hallow
Clarice Crow
Griselda Blackwood
Fenella Feverfew
Miss Tapioca
Miss Semolina
Miss Pentangle
Charlie Blossom
Ted Blossom
Merlin
Other media
The Worst Witch (1986 TV film)
The Worst Witch (1998–2001 TV series)
Weirdsister College (2001)
The New Worst Witch (2005–2006)
The Worst Witch (2017 TV series)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_The_Worst_Witch_characters&oldid=798921318"
Categories:
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Fictional characters who use magic
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Barber's pole
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Barber pole, ca. 1938, North Carolina Museum of History.
Barber shop in Torquay, Devon, with red and white pole
A barber's pole is a type of sign used by barbers to signify the place or shop where they perform their craft. The trade sign is, by a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages, a staff or pole with a helix of colored stripes (often red and white in many countries, but usually red, blue, and white in the United States). The pole may be stationary or may revolve, often with the aid of an electric motor.[1][2]
A "barber's pole" with a helical stripe is a familiar sight, and is used as a secondary metaphor to describe objects in many other contexts. For example, if the shaft or tower of a lighthouse has been painted with a helical stripe as a daymark, the lighthouse could be described as having been painted in "barber's pole" colors. Likewise, borders may be marked and warnings highlighted.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin in barbering and surgery
2 Use in barbering
3 Use in prostitution
4 Visual illusion
5 Other uses of the term
5.1 Visual similarity
5.2 Referential naming
5.2.1 Animal husbandry
5.2.2 Crustacea
5.2.3 Entomology
5.2.4 Ichthyology
5.2.5 Candy
5.2.6 Computer science
5.2.7 Electronics
5.2.8 Aviation and space flight
5.2.9 Flyfishing
5.2.10 Gambling
5.2.11 Parachuting
5.2.12 Meteorology
5.3 Booksellers
5.4 Border and lane markers
5.5 Canadian Naval group
5.6 Daymarks as a navigational aid
5.7 Hockey
5.8 Music
5.9 Music (acoustic illusion)
5.10 Trademark
6 See also
7 Bibliography
7.1 Footnotes
7.2 Endnotes
7.3 Further reading
8 External links
Origin in barbering and surgery[edit]
Antique red and blue striped pole in Pottstown, Pennsylvania
During medieval times, barbers performed surgery on customers, as well as tooth extractions. The original pole had a brass wash basin at the top (representing the vessel in which leeches were kept) and bottom (representing the basin that received the blood). The pole itself represents the staff that the patient gripped during the procedure to encourage blood flow.[citation needed]
At the Council of Tours in 1163, the clergy was banned from the practice of surgery.[3] From then, physicians were clearly separated from the surgeons and barbers. Later, the role of the barbers was defined by the College de Saint-Côme et Saint-Damien, established by Jean Pitard in Paris circa 1210,[4] as academic surgeons of the long robe and barber surgeons of the short robe.
After the formation of the United Barber Surgeon's Company in England, a statute required the barber to use a blue and white pole and the surgeon to use a red pole. In France, surgeons used a red pole with a basin attached to identify their offices. Blue often appears on poles in the United States, possibly as a homage to its national colors. Another, more fanciful interpretation of these barber pole colors is that red represents arterial blood, blue is symbolic of venous blood, and white depicts the bandage.[5]
Prior to 1950, there were four manufacturers of barber poles in the United States. In 1950, William Marvy of St. Paul, Minnesota, started manufacturing barber poles. Marvy made his 50,000th barber pole in 1967, and, by 2010, over 82,000 had been produced.[6] The William Marvy Company is now the sole manufacturer of barber poles in North America, and sells only 500 per year (compared to 5,100 in the 1960s).[7] In recent years, the sale of spinning barber poles has dropped considerably, since few barber shops are opening, and many jurisdictions prohibit moving signs. Koken of St. Louis, Missouri, manufactured barber equipment such as chairs and assorted poles in the 19th century.
As early as 1905, use of the poles was reported to be "diminishing" in the United States.[8]
In Forest Grove, Oregon, the "World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole" measures 72 feet (22 m).[9]
The consistent use of this symbol for advertising was analogous to an apothecary's show globe, a tobacconist's cigar store Indian and a pawn broker's three gold balls.
Use in barbering[edit]
The red and white pole outside barber shops references a time when barbers were expected to perform bloodletting and other medical procedures to heal the sick; red may have represented blood and white may have been bandages. Possibly as early as the later Roman Empire, and certainly continuing through the Renaissance into Industrialization (maybe even until the 1700s in some places) a "barber-surgeon" also performed tooth extraction, cupping, leeching, bloodletting, enemas, amputations, etc. However, today's barber poles represent little more than being a barber shop that cuts hair and does shaves.[10] Barber poles have actually become a topic of controversy in the hairstyling business. In some states, such as Michigan in March 2012, legislation has emerged proposing that barber poles should only be permitted outside barbershops, but not traditional beauty salons. Barbers and cosmetologists have engaged in several legal battles claiming the right to use the barber pole symbol to indicate to potential customers that the business offers haircutting services. Barbers claim that they are entitled to exclusive rights to use the barber pole because of the tradition tied to the craft, whereas cosmetologists think that they are equally capable of cutting men's hair (though many cosmetologists are not permitted to use razors, depending on their state's laws).[11]
Use in prostitution[edit]
In South Korea, barber's poles are used both for actual barbershops and for brothels.[12] Brothels disguised as barbershops, referred to as 이발소 (ibalso) or 미용실 (miyongsil), are more likely to use two poles next to each other, often spinning in opposite directions, though the use of a single pole for the same reason is also quite common.[13] Actual barbershops, or 미용실 (miyongsil), are more likely to be hair salons; to avoid confusion, they will usually use a pole that shows a picture of a woman with flowing hair on it with the words hair salon written on the pole.
Visual illusion[edit]
Play media
A spinning barber's pole in front of a barber shop in Tokyo, Japan (video).
See also: Barberpole illusion and Strange loop
A spinning barber pole creates a visual illusion, in which the stripes appear to be traveling up or down the length of the pole,[14] rather than around it.[15]
Other uses of the term[edit]
Visual similarity[edit]
The Swan portion of M17, the Omega Nebula in the Sagittarius nebulosity is said to resemble a barber's pole.[16]
Barber pole-like structures have been observed at the cellular level. The effects, origins and causes are controversial, and are subject to intense research.[17]
Matthew Walker's knot is a decorative knot said to vaguely resemble a section of a barber's pole.[A]
Sinosauropteryx (meaning "Chinese reptilian wing",[19] in Chinese 中华龙鸟: zhonghua longniao) is the first genus of non-avian dinosaur found with the fossilized impressions of feathers, as well as the first non-avian dinosaur where coloration has been determined. It lived in China during the early Cretaceous period and was a close relative of Compsognathus. It was the first non-avialan dinosaur genus discovered from the famous Jehol Biota of Liaoning Province. Zhang found "that the filaments running down its back and tail may have made the dinosaur look like an orange-and-white-striped barber pole. Such a vibrant pattern suggest that 'feathers first arose as agents for color display,' Benton says."[20]
Referential naming[edit]
Animal husbandry[edit]
Haemonchus contortus, or "barber's pole worm", is the parasitic nematode responsible for anemia, bottle jaw, and death of infected sheep[21] and goats, mainly during summer months in warm, humid climates.[22][23] Humans may become infected by the worms.[24]
Crustacea[edit]
Stenopus hispidus is a shrimp-like popcorn kernel decapod crustacean sometimes called the "barber pole shrimp." See also Stenopodidea.
Entomology[edit]
In the bug world, there is the barber pole grasshopper, Dactylotum bicolor.[25] It is also known as the "painted grasshopper" and is said to be the "most beautiful" grasshopper.[26]
Ichthyology[edit]
Because of its bright bands and colors, the redbanded rockfish Sebastes babcocki is referred to as "barber pole". Other pseudonyms include bandit, convict, canary, Hollywood, and Spanish flag.[27]
Candy[edit]
The old-fashioned American stick candy is sometimes also referred to as "barber pole candy" due to its colorful, swirled appearance. See also, Candy cane. "Candy stripe" is a generic description of the candy cane color scheme. Among many other names, the candy has been called Polkagris.[28]
Computer science[edit]
In UI design, a barber pole-like pattern is used in progress bars when the wait time is indefinite. It is intended to be used like a throbber to tell the user that processing is continuing, although it is not known when the processing will complete.
Barber pole is also sometimes used to describe a text pattern where a line of text is rolled left or right one character on the line below. The CHARGEN service generates a form of this pattern. It is used to test RAM, hard disks and printers. A similar pattern is also used in secure erasure of media.[citation needed]
Electronics[edit]
Barber pole-like antennas on a model of the GLONASS-K satellite used for GLONASS, the Russian alternative to GPS.
The strength and direction of magnetic fields and electric currents can be measured using a "magnetoresistive barber-pole sensor" (also called a "hermetic proximity sensor"), and its performance can be depicted using a mathematical formula.[29] Such a sensor interleaves a series of permanent magnet strips with a series of magnetoresistive strips. The "conductive barberpole strips are canted across the sensor and connect one magnetoresistive strip, over a permanent magnet strip, to another magnetoresistive strip." This is said to provide a "uniform magnetic field throughout the sensor" thereby enhancing its resistance to external magnetic fields.[30] The technology is used in wireless sensor networks which "have gathered a lot of attention as an important research domain" and were "deployed in many applications, e.g., navigation, military, ambient intelligence, medical, and industrial tasks. Context-based processing and services, in particular location-context, are of key interest ..."[31] (See Music (acoustic illusion), infra.)
Aviation and space flight[edit]
The term on the barber pole is pilot jargon that refers to flying an aircraft at the maximum safe velocity. The airspeed Indicator on aircraft capable of flying at altitude features a red/white striped needle resembling a barber pole. This needle displays the VMO (Maximum Operating Velocity) or—at altitude—the MMO (Mach Limit Maximum Operating Speed) of the aircraft.[32] This needle also indicates the maximum operating Mach number above the VMO/MMO changeover level. As the aircraft increases in altitude and the air decreases in density and temperature, the speed of sound also decreases. Close to the speed of sound, an aircraft becomes susceptible to buffeting caused by shock waves produced by flying at transonic speeds. Thus, as the speed of sound decreases, so the maximum safe operating speed of the aircraft is reduced. The "barber pole" needle moves to indicate this speed. Flying "on the barber pole" therefore means to be flying the aircraft as fast as is safe to do so in the current conditions.[33]
Barberpole is a phrase used to describe the striped output of indicators used during the Apollo and Shuttle programs. Typically the indicator would show all grey or a grey and white striped pattern, known as barberpole, to allow the astronauts a quick visual reference of the status of the spacecraft systems. Various indicators in the Apollo Command Modules indicated barberpole when the corresponding system was inactive. Astronaut Jim Lovell can also be found describing system indications as "barber poled" in the transcript of radio transmissions during the Apollo 13 accident.[34]
The phrase barberpole continues to be found in many subsystem descriptions in the Space Shuttle News Reference Manual,[35] as well as the NASA/KSC Acronym List.[36]
During World War I and World War II, the pattern has also been used as an insignia for aircraft identification.[37] Spad XIIIs of the 94th Aero Squadron USAS in early 1919 used variations on barber pole patterns including: 'Barber Pole' of Lt Dudley 'Red' Outcault; S.16546 'Flag Bus' of Captain Reed Chambers; and 'Rising Sun' of Lt John Jeffers.[38]
Flyfishing[edit]
Used in flyfishing, Au Sable River guide Earl Madsen's "Madsen's Barber pole" is a traditional Michigan fly in the form of a "Stonefly" imitation "with grizzly hackle tip wings tied in a downwing fashion."[39] Photo of Madsen's Barber Pole Fly, parachute form.
Gambling[edit]
The phrase barber pole is derisive jargon in craps, and refers to the commingling of "gaming cheques of different denominations." Wagers that combine different denominations are "supposed to be stacked with the highest denomination at the bottom."[40][41]
Parachuting[edit]
The Screaming Eagles 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Command Parachute Demonstration Team, which operates out of Fort Campbell, Kentucky, executes a "barber pole maneuver" (also known as "the Baton Pass") during demonstrations.[42] Two jumpers leave the aircraft and fly their bodies together to link while in free fall. "Once together they will then exchange a wooden baton … [and] maneuver their bodies … to create the illusion of a giant barber pole in the sky."[42]
Alternatively, a "Four Man Star" can "Hook Up" and then the formation rotates to the right, creating a "Barber Pole" effect with use of trailing smoke.[43]
Another parachuting use of the term describes having a mess of lines tangled "behind your head and you have to cut away your main chute and pull your reserve."[44]
Meteorology[edit]
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, barber pole is a slang term used by weather and storm spotters to describe "a thunderstorm updraft with a visual appearance including cloud striations that are curved in a manner similar to the stripes of a barber pole. The structure typically is most pronounced on the leading edge of the updraft, while drier air from the rear flank downdraft often erodes the clouds on the trailing side of the updraft."[45][46] See Supercell.[47] Supercell/barber's pole photograph.
A lynchpin of the NOAA National Hurricane Research Laboratory's hurricane-research fleet is the Lockheed WP-3D Orion (P-3). It has two barber-pole samplers (named for their red-and-white stripes) which protrude from the aircraft's front, a tail Doppler weather radar, and other unique-looking instruments hanging from the wing.[48]
Booksellers[edit]
Red or rubric posts were sometimes used by booksellers in England prior to 1800. William Roberts reports in The Book Hunter in London that certain 18th-century bookshops in the Little Britain district of London sported such poles:
A few years before Nichols published [in 1816] his Literary Anecdotes, two booksellers used to sport their rubric posts close to each other here in Little Britain, and these rubric posts were once as much the type of a bookseller's shop as the pole is of a barber's ... Sewell, Cornhill, and Kecket and De Hondt, Strand, were among the last to use these curious trade signs.[49]
Border and lane markers[edit]
Among the Fortifications of the inner German border, 2622 barber pole-styled markers were placed about 500 feet (150 m) apart to demarcate the no-man's land between East Germany and West Germany.
The 41 Combat Engineer Regiment, a part of the Canadian Military Engineers, produced and delivered over 16,000 distinctive barber pole lane markers during World War II.
Canadian Naval group[edit]
The famous Barber Pole Group was originally a group of 120 Flower-class corvettes built in Canada during World War II, and charged primarily with protecting freighter convoys. The original group was Escort Group C-3. This group of ships, with its red and white barber pole stripes painted on the funnel, is still represented in the current Royal Canadian Navy: all Atlantic fleet ships wear this insignia. HMCS Sackville is the last remaining Flower-class corvette.[50][51][52]
Daymarks as a navigational aid[edit]
White Shoal Light
A barber pole motif has been used as a daymark and navigational aid for lighthouses. The White Shoal Light is the only "barber pole" lighthouse in the United States,[53][54] and has been used in Michigan's "Save our Lights" license plate. However, black and white helical daymarks do appear on other lights, such as Cape Hatteras Light[55] and St. Augustine Light.
Barber pole channel markers are sometimes used as they are in the Tamaki River.
Hockey[edit]
Ottawa Senators Bruce Stuart in 1909–10 jersey
In the 1896–97 season, the Ottawa Senators first adopted the "barber pole" design for their hockey jersey, with which the team became identified. The design featured strong horizontal stripes of red, black and white; white pants; and red, white and black striped stockings. This basic design would be used for the rest of the organization's existence, except for the 1909–1910 season. In that season, the stripes were vertical and Montreal fans nicknamed the team derisively as les suisses, a slang term for chipmunk.[56] In the 1929–30 season, the club added the "O" logo to the chest of the jersey.[57] The "barber-pole" uniform was later adopted by the Ottawa 67's junior hockey team.
The National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens had a barber pole or "barber shop" design jersey for the year 1912–1913.[58][59][60]
In the 1920s and 1930s, beginning in the 1927–28 season, the Senators, Boston Bruins, Montreal Maroons, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Cougars, and Toronto Maple Leafs had a barber's pole variation in their jerseys. Meanwhile, the New York Americans, wore "basically … the United States flag as a jersey." The style endured, but in the 1938–39 season, the Blackhawks were the last to have a barber pole jersey in the traditional sense. The Hawks retired their barber pole at the end of the 1954–55 season.[58]
In junior ranks, the Chicoutimi Saguenéens and the Ottawa 67's use them in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) and Ontario Hockey League (OHL). During their existence in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the Seattle Metropolitans wore a red/white/green striped design: this has occasionally been brought back by the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League (WHL) to honor the history of hockey in the city.
The style remained dormant until the National Hockey League's 75th anniversary, when Chicago wore replicas of their barber-pole sweaters as part of the league's celebrations. Since then, Montreal has also worn barber-pole replicas during their centenary season, and the design has become popular with amateur teams. See NHL uniform and Throwback uniform.
Music[edit]
The "Barberpole Cat" group, a/k/a "Polecats"—perhaps a portmanteau of "barber's pole" and "catalogue"—is an essential repertoire of 12 songs that every barber shop quartet should know.[61] The Barberpole Cat Program was created many years ago and features popular Barbershop songs arranged and voiced so all singers can learn and participate. For decades these have been the standard arrangements where singers can meet at conventions and sing together having never met before.
The songs in this collection are:
Give Me Your Hand; Ring, Ring The Banjo.
"Down by the Old Mill Stream" (by Tell Taylor)
"Down Our Way" (by Al Stedman & Fred Hughes, arr. Floyd Connett)
"Honey/Little 'Lize-Medley" (Traditional, arr. Floyd Connett)
"Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (words by Beth Slater Whitson, music by Leo Friedman)
"My Wild Irish Rose" (words and music by Chauncey Olcott, arr. Floyd Connett)
"On Moonlight Bay"
"Shine on Me"
"The Story of the Rose" ("Heart of My Heart")
"Sweet Adeline (You're The Flower Of My Heart)"
"Sweet and Lovely" (by Norm Starks, arr. Mac Huff)
"Sweet, Sweet Roses of Morn" (Oscar F. Jones and Martin S. Peake 1915)
"Wait 'Til the Sun Shines, Nellie" (by Andrew B. Sterling and Harry Von Tilzer, arr Warren "Buzz" Haeger)
"You Tell Me Your Dream (I'll Tell You Mine)"
The Polecats have had a version 2.0 with additional songs added.
Music (acoustic illusion)[edit]
See also: Shepard tone, tritone paradox, and Pitch circularity
The Shepard tone has been described as "a sonic barber pole" and an auditory illusion.[62]
"Barberpole Flanger" are algorithms that offers simple Barberpole Flanging implementation, and is known also as "infinite flanging". Similar to the Shepard tone effect, the sweep of the "flanged sound seems to move in only one direction ("up" or "down") infinitely, instead of sweeping back-and-forth."[63]
"Barber-pole phaser". Roger Shepard's original work used a computer program written by Max Mathews. However the same type of effect can be accomplished using an analog synthesizer controlled by a gadget which may be called a "Shepard Function Generator".[64][65] Harald Bode (popularizer of the Moog vocoder) invented a rack-mounted device called a "barber-pole phaser" which was marketed in the 1980s.[66]
See also, Buchla 200 series Electric Music Box and Buchla 200e.
Trademark[edit]
Barbasol cans use a barber pole motif.[67] See Barbasol Can image.[68] The can's motif is a registered trademark of Barbasol.[69][B]
See also[edit]
Glossary of nautical terms
Signage
Bibliography[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Used to keep the end of a rope from fraying and said to resemble a barber's pole. Though highly decorative, and historically one of the most common knots, on a modern yacht it is almost unused and unknown.[18]
Jump up ^ "Barbasol Co. v. Jacobs. No. 8969" (full text). 7th Circuit Court of Appeals, 160 F.2d 336. 1947. Retrieved 15 December 2010. As the court noted: 'Plaintiff's shaving cream product is identified by the word trade mark "Barbasol" and by the distinctive package design trade mark hereinafter referred to. Said product is displayed and offered for sale in two types of cartons. One of said cartons is of rectangular shape, the length of which is about 3½ times its width and the depth is a little less than the width. In addition to the word "Barbasol" being provided thereon, the carton has a striped border of blue, white and red diagonal stripes surrounding a rectangular panel or field in blue color. The shaving cream disposed in this type of carton is packed in an elongated soft metal tube, which is received and housed within said carton. The other type of carton is approximately square and it also has the word trade mark "Barbasol" provided thereon, and the entire carton is provided with diagonal colored stripes of red, white and blue, said stripes forming a border for a blue field, on which appears the word "Barbasol" and other printed matter. The shaving cream is disposed in a glass jar of octangular cross section and upon which the word "Barbasol" appears. The jar is white and is disposed within the square carton.'
Endnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Barber Pole". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Cleveland: Wiley Publishing. 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Smith, Kate. "Why Barber Poles are Red and White". Sensational Color. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ MacNalty, Sir Arthur Salusbury (1 December 1945). "The Renaissance and its Influence on English Medicine, Surgery and Public Health". British Medical Journal. London: British Medical Association. 2 (4430): 755–759. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4430.755. JSTOR 20364730.
Jump up ^ Quesnay, François; Bellial des Vertus, François (1749). Histoire de l'origine et des progrès de la chirurgie en France [History of the Origin and Progress of Surgery in France] (in French). Paris: Ganeau. p. 41.
Jump up ^ Nix, Elizabeth (2014-06-25). "Why are barber poles red, white and blue?". History.com. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
Jump up ^ "About Us". William Marvy Company. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Censky, Annalyn (2007). "Last of Their Kind: From Barber Poles to Limburger Cheese, These 5 Companies are the Last Left in America Making Iconic Products now in their Twilight.". CNNMoney.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Tunis, Edwin. (1905). Colonial Craftsmen and the Beginnings of American Industry. Cleveland and New York: World Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-8018-6228-1. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Kirby, Doug; Smith, Ken; Wilkins, Mike (2010). "Forest Grove, Oregon: World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole". Novato, California: Roadside America. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "History of the Barber - Barber Schools". barber-schools.org.
Jump up ^ "Banning Barber Poles at Michigan Salons? - Barber Schools". barber-schools.org.
Jump up ^ Moon, Katharine Hyung-Sun (1997). Sex Among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.–Korea Relations. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-231-10642-4. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Trecker, Jamie (2007). Love and Blood: At the World Cup with the Footballers, Fans, and Freaks. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-15-603098-4. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Barber Pole Illusion". sandlotscience.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Massaro, Dominic W., ed. (Spring 2007). "Book Reviews: What Are Musical Paradox and Illusion?" (PDF). American Journal of Psychology. University of California, Santa Cruz. 120 (1): 123–170, 124, 132.
Jump up ^ Coe, Steven R. (2007). Nebulae and how to observe them. Phoenix, Arizona: Springer Science Media. p. 116. ISBN 1-84628-482-1. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Powell, Kendall (15 July 2009). "Cell biology: Ahead of the curve – Cellular life is all slopes, arcs and circles – but there is much debate about how these curves are built" (PDF). Nature. 460 (7253): 460, 318–320. doi:10.1038/460318a. PMID 19606122. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Double Matthew Walker Knot" (animation). animated knots by Grog. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Ji, Q; Ji, S (1996). "On discovery of the earliest bird fossil in China and the origin of birds". Chinese Geology. 10 (233): 30–33.
Jump up ^ Stone, Richard (December 2010). "Dinosaurs' Living Descendants". Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution: 60. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Barber's Pole Worm (Haemonchus contortus)". Sydney: Australian Wool Innovation. 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Burke, Joan (February 2005). "Management of Barber Pole Worm in Sheep and Goats in the Southern U.S" (PDF). Small Farms Research Update. Booneville, Arkansas: U.S. Department of Agriculture Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center.
Jump up ^ Schoenian, Susan (15 February 2005). "Diseases: Worms". Sheep 101.
Jump up ^ "Barberpole worms in Humans". Daily Puppy.com. 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Marlos, Daniel (16 September 2010). "Barber Pole Grasshopper". What's That Bug?. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Thiret, Beth (9 September 2010). "Ugh: What to do about Grasshoppers". The Recorder. Berthoud, Colorado. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010. .
Jump up ^ "Redbanded rockfish". Alaska Fisheries Science Center. National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Candy Cane". The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin, English Edition. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Tuman'skia, S.; Stabrowskia, M. (August 1985). "The Optimization and Design of Magnetoresistive Barber-Pole Sensors". Sensors and Actuators. Lausanne, Switzerland: NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemically Sensitive Electronic Devices. 7 (4): 285–295. doi:10.1016/0250-6874(85)80008-1. ISSN 0250-6874.
Jump up ^ US patent 5737156, Bonyhard, Peter I., "Barberpole MR sensor having interleaved permanent magnet and magnetoresistive segments", published 1998-04-07, assigned to Seagate Technology, Inc.
Jump up ^ Carrella, Stefano; Iswandy, Kuncup; Lutz, Kai; King, Andreas (18–19 May 2010). "3D-Localization of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Nodes Based on AMR-Sensors in Industrial and AmI Applications" (CD-ROM). Sensoren und Messsysteme 2010. Vorträge der 15. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung. Nuremberg: Berlin Offenbach. ISBN 978-3-8007-3260-9. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "McGraw Hill Dictionary of Aviation". Answers.com. McGraw Hill. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Avery, Rob. "The Conventional Airspeed Indicator". Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Detailed Chronology of Events Surrounding the Apollo 13 Accident". Retrieved 20 March 2016.
Jump up ^ NSTS 1988 News Reference Manual. Kennedy Space Center: National Aeronautic and Space Administration. 31 August 2000 [Original print date September 1988].
Jump up ^ Grinter, Kay; Rybe, Jeanne (20 February 2009). "NASA/KSC Acronym List". Kennedy Space Center: National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "North American P-51 Mustang/F-51 Cavalier—USA". Wing's Palette. Russia. 12 August 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Pearson, Bob (September 2000). "The "Showbirds" of Spad XIIIs of the 94th Aero Squadron USAS". Internet Modeler.
Jump up ^ "A 'Michigan Original,' Tier Jerry Regan brings AuSable Lore to Livonia" (PDF). The Evening Hatch. Michigan Fly Fishing Club: 1–2. May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Cameron, Scott (2010). "Craps Lingo". CasinoDealers. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Crap Dictionary". World Casino Directory. 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Command Parachute Demonstration Team "Screaming Eagles"". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 14 November 2010. [unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ British Virgin Islands Airshow, 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Scott, Royce E. "Bo" (July–August 1988). "Jump School at Fort Benning" (PDF). Screaming Eagle Magazine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather Terms for Storm Spotters". NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-145. Norman, Oklahoma: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Glossary". Tornado Chaser.net. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Majestic Supercell – Barber pole photograph". Verden, Oklahoma: Roger's Sky Pix. 3 April 2003. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Krohn, Dennis (March 2008). "USGS Extreme Storm Team Receives Christmas Week Tour of NOAA Aircraft Facility". Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Jump up ^ Roberts, William (1895). The Book-Hunter in London: Historical and Other Studies of Collectors and Collecting. London: Elliot Stock. p. 176. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "HMCS Sackville History". Halifax: Canadian Navy Memorial Trust. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Pearson, Bob; Banyai-Riepl, Chris (2002). "HMCS Sackville: The Last Flower: 1941–2000". History in Illustration.
Jump up ^ "A Hundred Years of Naval Service Captured in Ice". Ottawa Start. 17 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Wobser, David. "White Shoal Light". Lighthouses of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "White Shoal Lighthouse, Mackinaw City, Michigan". Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy. 23 August 2003. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Kirby, Doug; Smith, Ken; Wilkins, Mike (2010). "Buxton, North Carolina—America's Tallest Lighthouse—Climb It". Novato, California: Roadside America. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Kitchen(2008), p. 167
Jump up ^ Kitchen(2008), p. 303
^ Jump up to: a b Wazz, Scotty (6 November 2009). "Defending the Barber-Pole". The Strangest One of All. Internet Radio. [unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ "Jerseys and Logos: From 1909 to 1946". Our History. Montreal Canadiens. 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2010. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "1912–1913 Season". Our History. Montreal Canadiens. 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2010. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "The Barberpole Cat Program And Song Book". Nashville, Tennessee: Barbershop Harmony Society. 14 February 2006.
Jump up ^ Cycleback, David Rudd. "The Sonic Barber Pole: Shepard's Scale". cycleback.com. Retrieved 14 November 2010. [unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ Budde, Christian. "Barberpole Flanger". KVR Audio Plugin Resources. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Simonton, John (February 1983). "Shepard Function (Barberpole) CV Generator". Polyphony. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Irwin, Michael. "Frequency shifters add an exotic dimension to the world of modular synthesis signal processing". Frequency Shifter electronic design. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Barber Pole Phaser". Ampage Tube Amps /Music Electronics Forum. Retrieved 14 November 2010. [unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ "Barbasol Taps Gary Hall Jr. as First-Ever "Real Man"; Campaign Designed to ." Business Wire. Dublin, Ohio. 26 April 2005. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Barbasol Shave Cream: An American Original" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Barbasol Company vs. Jacobs". 35 T.M. Rep. 135. 7th CCA. 28 February 1947. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
Further reading[edit]
Andrews, William (1904). At the Sign of the Barber's Pole: Studies in Hirsute History. Cottingham, Yorkshire: J.R. Tutin. pp. 1–8.
John H. Lienhard (2001). "The Sign of the Barber Pole". The Engines of Our Ingenuity. Episode 1635. The Sign of the Barber Pole. University of Houston School of Engineering. NPR. KUHF-FM. and audio.
"Blood, Bandages and Barber Poles". The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything. BBC. 29 November 2002. Archived from the original on 8 January 2006. Retrieved 27 December 2005.
Roberts, William (1895). The Book Hunter in London. London: Eliot Stock. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-112-48298-4. at Google books and at Project Gutenberg.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbers poles.
A software rendering of a spinning barber pole
An Animated Ad Pillar In Red And Blue: The Barber's Pole (21 March 2008) at Pingmag.
Barber Poles at National Library Board, Singapore.
Sullivan, Pat. Adventures of Felix the Cat – Felix Pinches the Pole video newsreel film – Felix the Cat steals a barber's pole. British Pathé. Issue Date: 31 July 1924 Canister: EP 058 Film ID: 854.04 Sort number: EP 058 Tape: *PM0854* Retrieved 21 November 2010.
Timeline of Barber Poles.
Barber-Schools.org – Barber Industry, Careers, Education & Licensing Information
See Pseudo-barberpole and Barberpole patterns at ConwayLife.com
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