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History of Egypt under the British
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The history of Egypt under the British lasts from 1882, when it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954 after the Suez Crisis. The first period of British rule (1882–1914) is often called the "veiled protectorate". During this time the Khedivate of Egypt remained an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, and the British occupation had no legal basis but constituted a de facto protectorate over the country. This state of affairs lasted until the Ottoman Empire joined the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914 and Britain unilaterally declared a protectorate over Egypt. The ruling khedive was deposed and his successor, Hussein Kamel, compelled to declare himself Sultan of Egypt independent of the Ottomans in December 1914.[1]
The formal protectorate over Egypt did not long outlast the war. It was brought to an end by the unilateral declaration of Egyptian independence on 28 February 1922. Shortly afterwards, Sultan Fuad I declared himself King of Egypt, but the British occupation continued, in accordance with several reserve clauses in the declaration of independence. The situation was normalised in the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which granted Britain the right to station troops in Egypt for the defence of the Suez Canal, its link with the Indian Empire. Britain also continued to control the training of the Egyptian Army. During the Second World War (1939–45), Egypt came under attack from Italian Libya on account of the British presence there, although Egypt itself remained neutral until late in the war. After the war Egypt sought to modify the treaty, but it was abrogated in its entirety by an anti-British government in October 1951. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the British agreed to withdraw their troops and by June 1956 had done so. Britain went to war against Egypt over the Suez Canal in late 1956, but with insufficient international support was forced to back down.
Contents
1 Veiled protectorate (1882–1913)
2 Formal protectorate (1914–22)
3 Continued occupation (1922–56)
4 Languages
5 Foreign community
6 References
7 Further reading
7.1 Primary sources
Veiled protectorate (1882–1913)[edit]
Further information: History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and Khedivate of Egypt
Throughout the 19th century, the ruling dynasty of Egypt had spent vast sums of money on infrastructural development of Egypt. However, in keeping with its own military and foreign origin, the dynasty's economic development was almost wholly oriented toward military dual use goals. Consequently, despite vast sums of European and other foreign capital, actual economic production and resulting revenues was insufficient toward repaying the loans. Consequently, the country teetered toward economic dissolution and implosion. In turn, European and foreign finances took control of the treasury of Egypt, forgave debt in return for taking control of the Suez Canal, and reoriented economic development toward capital gain.
However, by 1882 Islamic and Arabic Nationalist opposition to European influence and settlement in the Middle East led to growing tension amongst notable natives, especially in Egypt which then as now was the most powerful, populous, and influential of Arab countries. The most dangerous opposition during this period was coming from the Albanian- and Mamluke-dominated Egyptian army which saw the reorientation of economic development away from their control as a threat to their privileges.
A large military demonstration in September 1881 forced the Khedive Tewfiq to dismiss his Prime Minister and rule by decree. Many of the Europeans retreated to specially designed quarters suited for defence or heavily European settled cities such as Alexandria.
Consequently, in April 1882 France and Great Britain sent warships to Alexandria to bolster the Khedive amidst a turbulent climate and protect European lives and property. In turn, Egyptian nationalists spread fear of invasion throughout the country to bolster Islamic and Arabian revolutionary action. Tawfiq moved to Alexandria for fear of his own safety as army officers led by Ahmed Urabi began to take control of the government. By June, Egypt was in the hands of nationalists opposed to European domination of the country and the new revolutionary government began nationalizing all assets in Egypt. Anti-European violence broke out in Alexandria, prompting a British naval bombardment of the city. Fearing the intervention of outside powers or the seizure of the canal by the Egyptians, in conjunction with an Islamic revolution in the Empire of India, the British led an Anglo-Indian expeditionary force at both ends of the Suez Canal in August 1882. Simultaneously, French forces landed in Alexandria and the northern end of the canal. Both joined together and manoeuvred to meet the Egyptian army. The combined Anglo-French-Indian army easily defeated the Egyptian Army at Tel El Kebir in September and took control of the country putting Tawfiq back in control.
The purpose of the invasion had been to restore political stability to Egypt under a government of the Khedive and international controls which were in place to streamline Egyptian financing since 1876. It is unlikely that the British expected a long-term occupation from the outset; however, Lord Cromer, Britain's Chief Representative in Egypt at the time, viewed Egypt's financial reforms as part of a long-term objective. Cromer took the view that political stability needed financial stability, and embarked on a programme of long term investment in Egypt's agricultural revenue sources, largest of which, cotton. To accomplish this, Cromer worked to improve the Nile's irrigation system through multiple large projects such as, the construction of the Aswan Dam, the Nile Barrage, and an increase of canals available to agricultural focused lands.[2]
Gathering of Egyptian, Turkish and British royalty in 1911. Queen Mary seated and King George V standing at extreme right
In 1906 the Denshawai Incident provoked a questioning of British rule in Egypt. This was exploited in turn by the German Empire which began re-organizing, funding, and expanding anti-British revolutionary nationalist movements. For the first quarter of the 20th century, Britain's main goal in Egypt was penetrating these groups, neutralizing them, and attempting to form more pro-British nationalist groups with which to hand further control. However, after the end of World War One British colonial authorities attempted to legitimize their less radical opponents with entrance into the League of Nations including the peace treaty of Versailles. Thus, the Wafd Party was invited and promised full independence in the years ahead. British occupation ended nominally with the UK's 1922 declaration of Egyptian independence, but British military domination of Egypt lasted until 1936.[3]
During British occupation and later control, Egypt developed into a regional commercial and trading destination. Immigrants from less stable parts of the region including Greeks, Jews and Armenians, began to flow into Egypt. The number of foreigners in the country rose from 10,000 in the 1840s to around 90,000 in the 1880s, and more than 1.5 million by the 1930s.[4]
Formal protectorate (1914–22)[edit]
Main article: Sultanate of Egypt
In 1914 as a result of the declaration of war with the Ottoman Empire, of which Egypt was nominally a part, Britain declared a Protectorate over Egypt and deposed the Khedive, replacing him with a family member who was made Sultan of Egypt by the British. A group known as the Wafd Delegation attended the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 to demand Egypt's independence. Included in the group was political leader, Saad Zaghlul, who would later become Prime Minister. When the group was arrested and deported to the island of Malta, a huge uprising occurred in Egypt.
Egyptian and British soldiers on standby during the 1919 riots
Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo in 1919
In the aftermath of World War One, the large British Imperial Army in Egypt which was the centre of operations against the Ottoman Empire was quickly reduced with demobilization and restructuring of garrisons. Free of the large British military presence, the incipient German backed revolutionary movements were able to more effectively launch their operations.
Consequently, from March to April 1919, there were mass demonstrations that became uprisings. This is known in Egypt as the 1919 Revolution. Almost daily demonstrations and unrest continued throughout Egypt for the remainder of the Spring. To the surprise of the British authorities, Egyptian women also demonstrated, led by Huda Sha'rawi (1879–1947), who would become the leading feminist voice in Egypt in the first half of the twentieth century. The first women's demonstration was held on Sunday, 16 March 1919, and was followed by yet another one on Thursday, 20 March 1919. Egyptian women would continue to play an important and increasingly public nationalist role throughout the spring and summer of 1919 and beyond.[5] The anticolonial riots and British suppression of them led to the death of some 800 people.
In November 1919, the Milner Commission was sent to Egypt by the British to attempt to resolve the situation. In 1920, Lord Milner submitted his report to Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, recommending that the protectorate should be replaced by a treaty of alliance. As a result, Curzon agreed to receive an Egyptian mission headed by Zaghlul and Adli Pasha to discuss the proposals. The mission arrived in London in June 1920 and the agreement was concluded in August 1920. In February 1921, the British Parliament approved the agreement and Egypt was asked to send another mission to London with full powers to conclude a definitive treaty. Adli Pasha led this mission, which arrived in June 1921. However, the Dominion delegates at the 1921 Imperial Conference had stressed the importance of maintaining control over the Suez Canal Zone and Curzon could not persuade his Cabinet colleagues to agree to any terms that Adli Pasha was prepared to accept. The mission returned to Egypt in disgust.
Continued occupation (1922–56)[edit]
Main article: Kingdom of Egypt
In December 1921, the British authorities in Cairo imposed martial law and once again deported Zaghlul. Demonstrations again led to violence. In deference to the growing nationalism and at the suggestion of the High Commissioner, Lord Allenby, the UK unilaterally declared Egyptian independence on 28 February 1922, abolishing the protectorate and establishing an independent Kingdom of Egypt. Sarwat Pasha became prime minister. British influence continued to dominate Egypt's political life and fostered fiscal, administrative, and governmental reforms. Britain retained control of the Canal Zone, Sudan and Egypt's external protection; protection of foreigners and separate courts for foreigners; the police forces, the army, the railways and the communications. British troops were stationed in cities and towns.
King Fuad died in 1936 and Farouk inherited the throne at the age of sixteen. Alarmed by Italy's recent invasion of Ethiopia, he signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, requiring Britain to withdraw all troops from Egypt, except at the Suez Canal (agreed to be evacuated by 1949).
During World War II, British troops used Egypt as a base for Allied operations throughout the region.
British troops were withdrawn to the Suez Canal area in 1947, but nationalist, anti-British feelings continued to grow after the war. The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 overthrew the Egyptian monarchy, eliminated the British military presence in Egypt, and established the modern Republic of Egypt.
Languages[edit]
See also: Languages of Egypt
During the period of British colonization French was actually the lingua franca that was used among foreigners and between foreigners and Egyptians;[6] the mixed French-Egyptian civil courts operated in French, and government notices from the royal family, taxi stand information, timetables of trains, and other legal documents were issued in French.[7] This was partly because of the fact that many well-off Egyptians received their education in French, but also because of the prominent status of the French language internationally.[6]
Despite efforts from British legal personnel, English was never adopted as a language of the Egyptian civil courts during the period of British influence.[8]
Foreign community[edit]
Foreigners tried for civil offenses attended mixed Egyptian-foreigner courts; these courts used the French language as the medium of proceedings. Courts operated by embassies and consulates tried their respective citizens in regards to criminal matters.[6]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Panayiotis J. Vatikiotis, The history of modern Egypt: from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak (1991).
Jump up ^ Cleveland, "A History of the Modern Middle East" (Westview Press, 2013)
Jump up ^ Vatikiotis, The history of modern Egypt: from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak (1991).
Jump up ^ Tarek Osman, Egypt on the Brink (Yale University Press, 2010), 33.
Jump up ^ Ziad Fahmy, Ordinary Egyptians: Creating the Modern Nation through Popular Culture (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011), 138–39.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mak, Lanver. The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882-1922 (Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. ISBN 1848857098, 9781848857094. p. 87.
Jump up ^ Mak, Lanver. The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882-1922 (Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. ISBN 1848857098, 9781848857094. p. 87-88.
Jump up ^ Mak, Lanver. The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882-1922 (Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. ISBN 1848857098, 9781848857094. p. 89.
Further reading[edit]
Baer, Gabriel. Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt (U Chicago Press, 1969).
Daly, M. W. ed. The Cambridge history of Egypt. Vol. 2: Modern Egypt from 1517 to the end of the twentieth century. (1998). online
Fletcher, Max E. “The Suez Canal and World Shipping, 1869-1914.” Journal of Economic History 18#4 (1958): 556-573. in JSTOR
Green, Dominic. Three empires on the Nile: the Victorian jihad, 1869-1899 (Simon and Schuster, 2007).
Harrison, Robert T. Gladstone's imperialism in Egypt: techniques of domination (Greenwood, 1995).
Iacolucci, Jared Paul. "Finance and Empire:'Gentlemanly Capitalism'in Britain's Occupation of Egypt." (MA Thesis, CUNY, 2014). online
Karakoç, Ulaş. "Industrial growth in interwar Egypt: first estimate, new insights" European Review of Economic History (2018) 22#1 53–72, online
Landes, David. Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt (Harvard UP, 1980).
Mak, Lanver. The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882-1922 (IB Tauris, 2012).
Mangold, Peter. What the British Did: Two Centuries in the Middle East (IB Tauris, 2016).
Marlowe, John. A History of Modern Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Relations: 1800-1956 (Archon Books, 1965).
Owen, Roger. Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, Edwardian Proconsul (Oxford UP, 2004).
Robinson, Ronald, and John Gallagher. Africa and the Victorians: The Climax of Imperialism (1961) pp 76-159. online
Tignor, Robert. Modernization and British Colonial Rule in Egypt, 1882-1914 (Princeton UP, 1966).
Tignor, Robert. Egypt: A Short History (2011) pp 228-55.
Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. The history of modern Egypt: from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak (4th ed. Johns Hopkins UP, 1991).
Primary sources[edit]
Cromer, Earl of. Modern Egypt (2 vol 1908) online free 1220pp
Milner, Alfred. England in Egypt (London, 1892). online
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I Can't Make You Love Me
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the unrelated song of the same name by Quiet Riot, see Guilty Pleasures (Quiet Riot album).
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Bonnie Raitt
from the album Luck of the Draw
Released
22 October 1991
Format
Cassette single
Recorded
1990
Genre
Pop
adult contemporary
Length
5:33
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Bonnie Raitt
Don Was
Bonnie Raitt singles chronology
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991)
"Something to Talk About"
(1991) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1991)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" on YouTube
"I Can't Make You Love Me" is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album Luck of the Draw (1991). Released as the album's third single in 1991, "I Can't Make You Love Me" became one of Raitt's most successful singles, reaching the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top-ten on the Adult Contemporary.
In August 2000, Mojo magazine voted "I Can't Make You Love Me" the eighth best track on its The 100 Greatest Songs of All Time list.[1] The song is ranked at number 339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and recording
2 Composition and inspiration
3 Critical reception and accolades
4 Chart performance
5 Charts
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 Bruce Hornsby performance use
7 George Michael version
7.1 Background and release
7.2 Chart performance
8 Boyz II Men version
8.1 Background and release
8.2 Reception
8.3 Chart performance
9 Adele version
9.1 Background and live performances
9.2 Critical reception
9.3 Chart performance
10 Priyanka Chopra version
10.1 Promotion and music video
10.2 Critical reception
10.3 Chart performance
11 Other versions
11.1 Television
12 Notes
13 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
"I Can’t Make You Love Me" was written by Nashville writers Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin, who were well-noted for their successes in the country music arena. The song was rewritten many times before being finalized, months later. "We wrote, most every week, in Mike’s basement," Shamblin told Peter Cooper in an interview with the Nashville Tennessean. "And we’d worked on this song for more than six months. One day, he said, ‘Come up to the living room,’ where his piano was. He sat down and started playing this melody, and it was one of the most moving pieces of music I’d heard. I mean, it hit me in a hard way... Instantly, I knew it was the best thing I’d ever been a part of."[4] Reid and Shamblin were both country music songwriters, who according to some accounts originally wrote the song as a fast, bluegrass number. Upon slowing down the tempo considerably, they realized the song gained considerable power and thought about giving the song to one of three artists: Bonnie Raitt, Bette Midler or Linda Ronstadt. Eventually, the song made its way to Bonnie Raitt, who recorded the track for her eleventh studio album, "Luck of the Draw" (1991). Raitt co-produced the song with Don Was, while Bruce Hornsby provided a piano accompaniment.[5]
Composition and inspiration[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" was composed in the key of Bb major, with a moderate slow tempo of 72 beats per minute. Raitt's vocal range on the song spans from the low-note of F3 to the high-note of Bb4.[6] The idea for the song came to Reid while reading an article about a man arrested for getting drunk and shooting at his girlfriend's car. The judge asked him if he had learned anything, to which he replied, "I learned, Your Honor, that you can't make a woman love you if she don't."[7] Raitt recorded the vocal in just one take in the studio, later saying that it was so sad a song that she could not recapture the emotion: "We'd try to do it again and I just said, 'You know, this ain't going to happen.'"[8]
A pensive ballad, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was recorded against a quiet electric piano-based arrangement, with prominent piano fills and interpolations supplied by Bruce Hornsby. The singer depicts a now one-sided romantic relationship about to end in soft but brutally honest terms: "Turn down the lights, turn down the bed/Turn down these voices inside my head/Lay down with me, tell me no lies/Just hold me close, don't patronize... don't patronize me/'Cause I can't make you love me if you don't/You can't make your heart feel something that it won't," she sings.[9]
Critical reception and accolades[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" received acclaim from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised the track, calling it a "strong song" and picking it as one of the album's best tracks.[10] Steve Hochman of Los Angeles Times hailed the song as one of Raitt's most elegant tracks.[11] Elysa Gardner wrote for Rolling Stone that "Raitt's gorgeously understated rendering of 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' in which sentiments such as 'I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power/But you won't' are delivered with a quiet resignation that's worth a hundred glissandi in emotional weight."[12]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" entered many lists of the greatest songs of all time. In 2000, Mojo magazine placed it at number 8 on its "100 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.[5] The song is also ranked #339 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[2] The website "Ultimate Classic Rock" placed the song at number 24 on their "25 Saddest Songs Ever", praising Bonnie Raitt vocals, writing that "she sings in one of her most impassioned vocals ever. There's real ache in every word that drips from her pained lips."[13]
The song's popularity helped solidify her remarkable late-in-career commercial success that had begun two years before. In the time since, "I Can't Make You Love Me" has gone on to become a pop standard and a mainstay of adult contemporary radio formats. For Raitt, the song was notoriously difficult to sing, due to its required vocal range, difficult phrasing and breathing, and the emotional content involved. At the televised Grammy Awards of 1992 Raitt performed it in an even more austere setting than on record, with just her and Hornsby highlighted. As she negotiated the final vocal line, she let out a big audible and visible sigh of relief that she had successfully gotten through it. Her live performance of the song was released on the 1994 album Grammy's Greatest Moments Volume III.[14] Raitt has continued to sing the song in all her concert tours:
“ I mean, 'I Can't Make You Love Me' is no picnic. I love that song, so does the audience. So it's almost a sacred moment when you share that, that depth of pain with your audience. Because they get really quiet, and I have to summon ... some other place in order to honor that space. ”
Chart performance[edit]
The song was a big hit for Raitt, reaching number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 6 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.[15] The song placed at number 100 on the Billboard Year-End chart of 1992.[16] In New Zealand, the song was Raitt's highest charting-single, reaching number 22,[17] while in Netherlands, the song charted moderately at number 43.[18]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17] 22
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[18] 43
US Billboard Hot 100[19] 18
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[20] 6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Position
US Billboard Year-End Chart[21] 100
Bruce Hornsby performance use[edit]
Although Bruce Hornsby had no hand in writing the song, his piano part on it became associated with him. Phil Collins described it as instantly recognizable as Hornsby's work.[22] Hornsby's own publicity material mentions his role on the "classic".[23]
On his own subsequent tours, Hornsby included the song in a number of his set lists. He sometimes let a female backing singer in his band take on the vocal.[24] Other times, he sang the song himself.[25]
George Michael version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by George Michael
from the album Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
A-side
"Older"
Released
20 January 1997
Format
Cassette
CD
Recorded
1996
Genre
Pop
Length
5:23
Label
Dreamworks
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
George Michael
George Michael singles chronology
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
"Spinning the Wheel"
(1996) "Older/I Can't Make You Love Me"
(1997) "Star People"
(1997)
English singer George Michael covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" and released as a B-side of his single, "Older", which was released on 20 January 1997 as the fourth single from the album of the same name. Michael's version was also included on his compilation, Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998). "Older" and "I Can't Make You Love Me" both reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.
Background and release[edit]
After the release of his second studio album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (1990), George Michael started a legal battle with his label, Sony Music, declaring his contract was financially inequitable and creatively stifling. Michael sued Sony to end his contract, leading to a long and costly legal battle that ended in 1995, with Michael signing to the newly launched Dreamworks Records label in the United States and Virgin in the rest of the world.[26] In 1995, the singer released the song "Jesus to a Child", which became a huge hit worldwide, followed by "Fastlove" and "Spinning the Wheel", which also became successful songs from his third studio album, Older (1996).[27][28]
While choosing the fourth single from the album, the title track "Older" was announced as the chosen one, with an EP also titled "Older" being released to promote the song. The EP features four tracks, including "Older", "The Strangest Thing" (also from the album "Older") and two covers: the famous Brazilian song "Desafinado" and Bonnie Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me",[29] which became the official B-side of the single. Since it was released as a B-side to "Older", "I Can't Make You Love Me" also entered the UK Singles Chart at number 3.[28]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1997)
Position
UK Singles Chart[28] 3*
The peak position is the same of its A-side single "Older".
Boyz II Men version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Boyz II Men
from the album Love
Released
October 27, 2009
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2008
Genre
R&B
Length
5:17
Label
Decca
UMTV
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Boyz II Men singles chronology
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
(2008) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2009) "Iris"
(2009)
American R&B vocal group Boyz II Men recorded "I Can't Make You Love Me" for their third cover album, Love (2009). Their version was released as the album's first single on October 27, 2009. Having a more R&B approach, "I Can't Make You Love Me" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, while it has achieved minor success on the Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
Background and release[edit]
After releasing their second cover album in 2007, Motown: A Journey Through Hitsville USA, which was well received by critics, but failed to produce a successful single, the band announced plans for a new cover album, that features cover versions of songs by "artists I don't think people would expect us to cover," according to member Shawn Stockman.[30] On October 23, 2009, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was announced as Love's lead-single.[31] The song was later released on October 27, 2009 through iTunes store.[32] For the band members, "We wanted to stay true to our roots, and it's a very beautiful song. And with our sound, we gave it an R&B twist. It's always been a favorite of ours, and we hope people will fall in love with it again."[33]
Reception[edit]
A writer for Soul Bounce wrote that "The biggest surprise on this album is the bluesy interpretation of Bonnie Rait's country hit, 'I Can't Make You Love Me.' Starting with strong lyrics and a deep fried instrumental, the Boyz make this song their own with their unique flow providing good contrast to a familiar melodic line."[34] Los Angeles Theatre called it an "impassioned" performance.[35] On the charts, the song performed very modestly, reaching number 75 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[36]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2009)
Position
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[36] 75
Adele version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Song by Adele
from the album Live at the Royal Albert Hall
Recorded
22 September 2011
Genre
Soul
Length
3:39
Label
XL
Columbia
Sony
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
In 2011, English singer Adele covered "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall (2011). The song was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Adele's delivery and vocals. The song has charted on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top-forty, although it was never released as a single.
Background and live performances[edit]
In addition to receiving positive reviews from music critics, Adele's second album 21 became one of the most successful albums of the 2010s, being the biggest selling musical release for both 2011 and 2012 and entering the Guinness World Records. While promoting the album and its third single, "Set Fire to the Rain", Adele performed on the iTunes Festival London 2011. On the setlist, Adele performed tracks from 21 and a cover of "I Can't Make You Love Me". Before performing the track, Adele stated that it was one of her favorite songs and described it as "perfect in every way". She added that Bonnie Raitt has a "stunning voice" and went on to compliment the lyrics, calling them "mind-blowing".[37]
After the positive response of the iTunes Festival performance, Adele covered once again the track, during her first live album, Live at the Royal Albert Hall, recorded on 22 September 2011. She made further comment over the song, saying, "It blows me away" and further adding that she thought the song was "incredibly moving". Adele also commented on the emotions the song gives her, saying, "It makes me really, really happy and really, really devastated and depressed at the same time. It makes me think of my fondest and best times in my life, and it makes me think of the worst as well, and combined, probably is a recipe for disaster, but I do love this song. It's just fucking stunning."[38]
Critical reception[edit]
While reviewing her iTunes Festival performance, David Smyth of London Evening Standard wrote that Adele sang the song "with raw expressiveness."[39] Andrew Leahey of Allmusic wrote that the cover "made all the more tender by the rarely heard frailties in Adele’s voice."[40] Donald Gibson of Seattle Pi wrote that "she breathes new life into Bonnie Raitt's 'I Can't Make You Love Me,' with similar intimacy and conviction."[41]
While reviewing her Live at the Royal Albert Hall DVD, critics lauded Adele's rendition. Andy Gill of The Independent called it an "impassioned version,"[42] while Alex Young of Consequence of Sound named it "heartfelt and stunning."[43] Kit O'Toole of Blogcritics praised her rendition, writing that it "retains its heart-wrenching, devastating mood thanks to Adele's multi-layered voice. Hearing her perform this song, one would imagine her as an older woman who has survived lifelong heartaches instead of a 23-year-old."[44] Maria Schurr of PopMatters lauded the covers (Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me" and Bob Dylan's "Make You Feel My Love") on the live album, naming "the most successful," writing that "both seem deeply heartfelt, like Adele understands, and is the only one who can make these words that are not hers ring true."[45] Chris Willman of The Wrap called it "a classic of unrequited love that you'd have to swear she wrote if Bonnie Raitt hadn't turned it into the ultimate female weepie back when Adele was 2."[46]
Chart performance[edit]
Despite not being released as a single, "I Can't Make You Love Me" debuted at number 53 on the UK Singles Chart week of 30 September 2012.[47] It later peaked at number 37, on the following week, 6 October 2012,[48] becoming her eighth top-forty song and first non-single top-forty hit.
Chart (2012)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart[49] 78
Scottish Singles Chart[50] 34
UK Singles Chart[48] 37
Priyanka Chopra version[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Single by Priyanka Chopra
Released
22 April 2014 (2014-04-22)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Electropop
EDM
Length
3:38
Label
2101
DesiHits
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
Mike Reid
Allen Shamblin
Producer(s)
Manual "DJ Manian" Reuter
Priyanka Chopra singles chronology
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
"Exotic"
(2013) "I Can't Make You Love Me"
(2014)
Music video
"I Can't Make You Love Me" by Priyanka Chopra on YouTube
In 2014, Indian actress and singer Priyanka Chopra recorded a version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" for her upcoming debut studio album. Speaking about the song, Chopra said "This is one of my favorite tracks on the album. It's my ode to a classic, a song that I love, and one that says so much – this is for the actor in me."[51] Chopra's version of the song incorporates electronic dance music (EDM) and electropop in its production,.[52][53] which comes courtesy of German producer Manuel "DJ Manian" Reuter. Andy Gensler from Billboard commented on how different Chopra's version was from the original by Raitt, saying that "Chopra's more uptempo take on the song is more likely to connect with a generation of ravers with no idea of the song's origin"[54] The up-tempo version was demoed by American singer Ester Dean at the request of Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine.[54]
It was released on 22 April 2014, by DesiHits, in association with 2101 Records and Interscope Records.[55][56] It is the third internationally released single following "In My City" (featuring will.i.am), which failed to achieve airplay in the United States,[57] and "Exotic". In the United Kingdom, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was originally planned to be Chopra's debut single, but was never released.[53]
Promotion and music video[edit]
Chopra's version of "I Can't Make You Love Me" was used to promote Beats by Dre. In a press release, it was revealed that the song would be used in the launch of a new campaign for the popular Beats Pill XL portable Bluetooth speaker. Chopra and her new track would be featured in the national ad campaign, that ran nationwide from May 1 through May 25.[58]
An accompanying music video was filmed in Los Angeles in February 2014.[59] It was conceptualised and directed by duo Jeff Nicholas and Jonathan Craven of The Uprising Creative.[56] Actor Milo Ventimiglia plays Chopra's love interest and scenes include Chopra throwing coloured paint at Ventimiglia as part of celebrations for the Indian festival of Holi, as well as embraces between the couple and solo scenes with Chopra.[59] According to NDTV, the video charts a fictional relationship that "goes from loving to hellish".[60] Behind the scenes footage was released to Access Hollywood.[61] It premiered in New York City on 30 April 2014.[52] Gensler noted that the video also contained product placement for Nokia and Beats by Dre speakers.[54]
Critical reception[edit]
CNN-News18 said, "The singer certainly sounds great, so much that it's almost unbelievable it is Priyanka Chopra. The number is definitely foot-tapping and you're going to be hearing this one at every restaurant and club in the days to come" and added that Chopra had "definitely done a great job recreating the Bonnie Ratt song".[62]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[63]
28
Other versions[edit]
"I Can't Make You Love Me" has been recorded by a number of other artists. Mike Reid recorded the song on his 1992 album Twilight Town and taped a live version that appeared on Austin City Limits in 1993. Will Downing covered the song on his 1995 album Moods. Prince covered this song as well on his 19th album, Emancipation, a 1996 release. Canadian country duo The Johner Brothers recorded a cover of the song for their 1999 album The Perfect Life. Bonnie Tyler covered the song for her 2003 album Heart Strings (Heart and Soul). Sam Harris also recorded a version for his 2008 album Free.
British boyband Union J recorded a cover of the song for their second studio album You Got It All – The Album.
Sarah Bettens covered the song for her 2008 solo album Never Say Goodbye.
R&B singer Tank covered this song on his 2010 release Now Or Never. Kelly Clarkson covered the song on her 2011 EP release The Smoakstack Sessions. Bon Iver covered the song in 2011 for their "Calgary" B-side, mashing it together with another of Raitt's songs, "Nick of Time". Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole covered the song on their album Great Women of Country (2014). Kate McKinnon covered the song in-character as Hillary Clinton for a 2016 Saturday Night Live sketch, briefly joined by Beck Bennett as Jeb Bush. SOAK covered the song in 2016 along with a cover of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song". Aaron Gillespie covered the song for his 2016 album Out of the Badlands.
Country singer Kacey Musgraves and pop artist Katy Perry performed a duet of the song on CMT Crossroads.[when?]
Television[edit]
It has become a popular selection for contestants in televised singing competitions such as American Idol, The Voice, Canadian Idol, Nashville Star, and Rock Star: INXS. This song was performed by Idol contestants Kimberley Locke in Season 2, Constantine Maroulis in Season 4, Amy Krebs in Season 6, and Allison Iraheta in Season 8; moreover, Season 4 Idol winner Carrie Underwood and Season 6 finalist Haley Scarnato sang this song during their initial auditions. The tune was taken on by Nashville Season 5 winner Angela Hacker and Canadian Idol season 3 contestant Amber Fleury, who also recorded it for the Canadian Idol: High Notes album. Contestant Stacey Solomon sang the song during Season 6 of The X Factor.[64] Dutch X Factor finalists Adlicious sang this song in the final X Campus show. The Voice of Holland season 2 winner Iris Kroes released the song as her first single in January 2012.[65] Hollie Cavanagh sang it with four contestants left on season eleven of American Idol. Singer James Arthur performed the song at Judges' Houses during Series 9 of The X Factor. Luke Edgemon used the song for his Blind Audition on Season 4 of the Voice. Klarisse de Guzman performed the song during The Voice of the Philippines season 1's fourth Live Show. Cynthia Clara performed the song during The Voice Indonesia season 2 in Blind Audition.
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Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Releases New Single 'I Can't Make You Love Me', Shoots Holi-Themed Music Video with Milo Ventimiglia". International Business Times. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra launches 'I Can't Make You Love Me' video - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra confirms 'I Can't Make You Love Me' release date - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Priyanka Chopra Covers 'I Can't Make You Love Me' By Bonnie Raitt: Video". Billboard. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "I Can't Make You Love Me: Priyanka Chopra: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interscope Records Recording Artist Priyanka Chopra Releases New Single 'I Can't... - SANTA MONICA, Calif., April 25, 2014 /PRNewswire/" (Press release). Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Gerrick D. Kennedy Times (20 November 2012). "Bollywood's Priyanka Chopra as pioneering pop act in America - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra's New Song Tapped for Beats By Dre Ad (Audio)". Billboard. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Priyanka Chopra shoots Holi scene for 'I Can't Make You Love Me' video - Bollywood News". Digital Spy. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Has Her Heart Broken In I Can't Make You Love Me Video". NDTV.com. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Priyanka Chopra Exclusive: 'I Can't Make You Love Me'". Access Hollywood. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Review of Priyanka Chopra's latest single 'I Can't Make You Love Me': Foot-tapping but doesn't pick up!". CNN-News18. April 24, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Artist Charts Search: Priyanka Chopra". Billboard Chart Search. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "The X Factor season 6 - Live Show 7 video - Stacey Solomon". Xfactor.itv.com. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Iris Kroes uit Drachten wint 'The Voice' Archived 7 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Leeuwarder Courant, 20 January 2012
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
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Bonnie Raitt
Studio albums
Bonnie Raitt (1971)
Give It Up (1972)
Takin' My Time (1973)
Streetlights (1974)
Home Plate (1975)
Sweet Forgiveness (1977)
The Glow (1979)
Green Light (1982)
Nine Lives (1986)
Nick of Time (1989)
Luck of the Draw (1991)
Longing in Their Hearts (1994)
Fundamental (1998)
Silver Lining (2002)
Souls Alike (2005)
Slipstream (2012)
Dig in Deep (2016)
Live albums
Road Tested (1995)
Singles
"Rock Steady" (with Bryan Adams)
"Runaway"
"Something to Talk About"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Love Sneakin' Up On You"
"You Got It"
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Discography
[show]
v
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George Michael
Discography
Awards
Live performances
Studio albums
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Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
Older
Songs from the Last Century
Patience
Live albums
Symphonica
Compilations
Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
Twenty Five
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Five Live
Singles
"Careless Whisper"
"A Different Corner"
"I Want Your Sex"
"Hard Day"
"Faith"
"Father Figure"
"One More Try"
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"Praying for Time"
"Waiting for That Day"
"Mother's Pride"
"Freedom! '90"
"Heal the Pain"
"Cowboys and Angels"
"Too Funky"
"Killer"/"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone"
"Jesus to a Child"
"Fastlove"
"Spinning the Wheel"
"Older"
"Star People '97"
"You Have Been Loved"/"The Strangest Thing '97"
"Outside"
"Freeek!"
"Shoot the Dog"
"Amazing"
"Flawless (Go to the City)"
"Round Here"
"John and Elvis Are Dead"
"An Easier Affair"
"December Song (I Dreamed of Christmas)"
"True Faith"
"You and I"
"White Light"
Duets
"Wrap Her Up"
"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"
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"Waltz Away Dreaming"
"As"
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Videos
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Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
Twenty Five
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Peter Andre
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Studio albums
Peter Andre (1993)
Natural (1995)
Time (1997)
The Long Road Back (2004)
A Whole New World (2006)
Revelation (2009)
Accelerate (2010)
Angels & Demons (2012)
Big Night (2014)
Come Fly with Me (2015)
White Christmas (2015)
Compilation albums
The Very Best of Peter Andre (2002)
The Platinum Collection (2005)
Unconditional: Love Songs (2010)
Singles
"Drive Me Crazy"
"Gimme Little Sign"
"Funky Junky"
"Let's Get It On / Do You Wanna Dance?"
"To the Top"
"Turn It Up"
"Mysterious Girl"
"Get Down on It"
"Only One"
"Flava"
"I Feel You"
"Natural"
"All About Us"
"Lonely"
"All Night, All Right"
"Kiss the Girl"
"Mysterious Girl (2004)"
"Insania"
"The Right Way"
"A Whole New World"
"Behind Closed Doors"
"Unconditional"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Defender"
"Perfect Night"
"Bad As You Are"
"Kid"
"Big Night"
"Christmas Time's for Family"
Television
Katie & Peter
Peter Andre: My Life
This Morning
Odd One In
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[show]
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Nina Girado singles
Heaven
"Heaven"
"2nd Floor"
"Jealous"
"Foolish Heart"
"Loving You"
Smile
"Make You Mine"
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"Sayang Naman"
Nina Live!
"I Don't Want to Be Your Friend"
"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways"
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"Constantly"
"I Love You Goodbye"
"Burn"
Nina
"Araw Mo"
"I Do"
"Someday"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Collide"
"Somewhere Down the Road"
"If I Should Love Again"
Nina in the Mix: The Dense Modesto Remixes
"Someday" (Future Confessional Remix)
Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren
"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"
"There You'll Be"
Renditions of the Soul
"She's Out of My Life"
"Cold Summer Nights"
"I'm Yours"
Diamond: Greatest Hits 2002-2010
"Love Will Lead You Back"
Stay Alive
"Dance"
"However Much Love"
"Believe in the Dream"
"Only with You"
All Good
"Don't Say Goodbye"
"Sa Isang Tingin"
"Hurting Inside"
"When the Love Is Gone"
Other releases
"Biyahe Tayo"
"The Christmas Song"
"I'll Always Love You"
"Kaya Natin Ito!"
"Hagkan"
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Shawn Stockman
Wanya Morris
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II
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Throwback, Vol. 1
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Motown: Hitsville USA
Love
Twenty
Collide
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Christmas Interpretations
The Remix Collection
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Legacy: The Greatest Hits Collection
Winter/Reflections
Covered: Winter
The Millennium Collection: The Best of Boyz II Men
Singles
"Motownphilly"
"It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday"
"Uhh Ahh"
"Please Don't Go"
"End of the Road"
"In the Still of the Nite (I'll Remember)"
"Let It Snow"
"I'll Make Love to You"
"On Bended Knee"
"Thank You"
"Water Runs Dry"
"One Sweet Day"
"Brokenhearted"
"Hey Lover"
"4 Seasons of Loneliness"
"A Song for Mama"
"Doin' Just Fine"
"I Will Get There"
"Pass You By"
"Thank You in Advance"
"The Color of Love"
"Relax Your Mind"
"What You Won't Do for Love"
"The Tracks of My Tears"
"Just My Imagination"
"War"
"Mercy Mercy Me"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Iris"
Related topics
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Babyface
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Total Package Tour
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Nancy Wilson
Albums
Like in Love
Something Wonderful
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Broadway – My Way
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Today, Tomorrow, Forever
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But Beautiful
Love, Nancy
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Turned to Blue
Songs
"(You Don't Know) How Glad I Am"
"Uptight (Everything's Alright) "
"You've Got Your Troubles"
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
"She Called Me Baby"
"Love Won't Let Me Wait"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Related
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[show]
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Priyanka Chopra
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Singles
"In My City"
"Exotic"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
Other songs
"Ram Chahe Leela"
Related articles
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Book
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[show]
v
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Prince singles
1970s
"Soft and Wet"
"Just as Long as We're Together"
"I Wanna Be Your Lover"
1980s
"Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?"
"Still Waiting"
"Sexy Dancer"
"Bambi"
"Uptown"
"Dirty Mind"
"Do It All Night"
"Controversy"
"Let's Work"
"Do Me, Baby"
"Sexuality"
"1999"
"Little Red Corvette"
"D.M.S.R."
"Delirious"
"Automatic"
"Let's Pretend We're Married"
"When Doves Cry"
"Let's Go Crazy"
"Purple Rain"
"I Would Die 4 U"
"Take Me with U"
"Paisley Park"
"Raspberry Beret"
"Pop Life"
"America"
"Kiss"
"Mountains"
"Anotherloverholenyohead"
"Girls & Boys"
"Sign "O" the Times"
"If I Was Your Girlfriend"
"U Got the Look"
"I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man"
"Alphabet St."
"Glam Slam"
"I Wish U Heaven"
"Batdance"
"Partyman"
"The Arms of Orion"
"Scandalous!"
1990s
"The Future"
"Thieves in the Temple"
"New Power Generation"
"Gett Off"
"Cream"
"Diamonds and Pearls"
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night"
"Insatiable"
"Thunder"
"Sexy MF"
"My Name Is Prince"
"7"
"Damn U"
"The Morning Papers"
"Pink Cashmere"
"Nothing Compares 2 U"
"Peach"
"Pope" (remix)
"Come"
"Letitgo"
"Space"
"The Most Beautiful Girl in the World"
"P Control"
"Dolphin"
"Endorphinmachine"
"I Hate U"
"Gold"
"Dinner with Delores"
"Betcha by Golly Wow!"
"The Holy River"
"Somebody's Somebody"
"Face Down"
"The Truth"
"Extraordinary"
"The Greatest Romance Ever Sold"
2000s
"U Make My Sun Shine" (with Angie Stone)
"When Will We B Paid?" (with Audio Stepchild)
"Supercute"
"The Work, pt. 1"
"Days of Wild"
"Musicology"
"Cinnamon Girl"
"Controversy (Live in Hawaii)"
"S.S.T."
"Te Amo Corazón"
"Black Sweat"
"Fury"
"Guitar"
"F.U.N.K."
"Dance 4 Me"
2010s
"Extraloveable"
"Rock and Roll Love Affair"
"Screwdriver"
"Fixurlifeup"
"Breakfast Can Wait"
"Pretzelbodylogic"
"Fallinlove2nite"
"Breakdown"
"Clouds"
"Baltimore"
"Hardrocklover"
"This Could B Us"
"Free Urself"
Promotional
singles
"When You Were Mine"
"D.M.S.R."
"Another Lonely Christmas"
"Erotic City"
"Hot Thing"
"Trust"
"Willing and Able"
"Nothing Compares 2 U"
"Pope"
"Love Sign" (with Nona Gaye)
"Come"
"P. Control"
"Dolphin"
"Endorphinmachine"
"Slave"
"Somebody's Somebody"
"Face Down"
"The Rest of My Life"
"5 Women"
"It's About That Walk"
"Baby Knows"
"Man'O'War"
"She Loves Me 4 Me"
"Last December"
"One Nite Alone... Live EP"
"Live at the Aladdin Las Vegas"
"Call My Name"
"The Song of the Heart"
"Beautiful, Loved & Blessed" (with Tamar Davis)
"Chelsea Rodgers"
"Future Baby Mama"
"The One U Wanna C"
"U're Gonna C Me"
Airplay-only songs
"International Lover"
"Shhh"
"Satisfied"
"Better with Time"
Internet downloads
"One Song"
"Cybersingle"
"Bataclan"
"Glass Cutter"
"Live from Paisley Park"
"Strange Relationship" (Live in Minneapolis)
"Guitar (original "demo" version)"
"Love" (acoustic version)
"Rock and Roll Love Affair" (Remix 7)
"Screwdriver" (Remix)
"Boyfriend" (Demo)
"That Girl Thang"
"Live Out Loud"
"Ain't Gonna Miss U When U're Gone"
"Extraloveable Reloaded"
"Menstrual Cycle"
"Octopus Heart"
"Groovy Potential"
"The Sweeter She Is"
"Something in the Water" (Paisley Park Rehearsal)
"Da Bourgeoisie"
"What If"
"The X's Face"
Streams
"U're Still the One"
"Xylophone"
"In a Large Room with No Light"
"Purple and Gold"
"Cause and Effect"
"Hot Summer"
"Rich Friends"
"Same Page Different Book"
"Stare"
EP's
The Beautiful Experience
1999: The New Master
Other songs
"I Feel for You"
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"Private Joy"
"How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?"
"17 Days"
"The Beautiful Ones"
"Computer Blue"
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"Baby I'm a Star"
"4 the Tears in Your Eyes"
"Sometimes It Snows in April"
"Adore"
"Don't Talk 2 Strangers"
"I Can't Make U Love Me"
"La, La, La Means I Love U"
"One of Us"
"Everyday Is a Winding Road"
"A Case of U"
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