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2017 Las Vegas shooting
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2017 Las Vegas shooting
1
2
1
Paddock's room on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay
2
Route 91 Harvest country music festival grounds
[Full screen]
Location
Las Vegas Strip, Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
Coordinates
36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167Coordinates: 36°5′42″N 115°10′18″W / 36.09500°N 115.17167°W / 36.09500; -115.17167
Date
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
c. 10:05 – 10:15 p.m. (PDT; UTC−07:00)
Target
Audience of the Route 91 Harvest music festival
Attack type
Mass shooting, murder–suicide
Weapons
23 guns including four DDM4 rifles, three FN-15 rifles, one AR-15 rifle with forward front grip, one .308-caliber AR-10 rifle, one AK-47, at least one made-to-order LMT rifle, and one handgun.[1]
Deaths
59 (including the perpetrator)
Non-fatal injuries
546
Perpetrator
Stephen Paddock
On the night of October 1, 2017, a gunman opened fire on a crowd of concertgoers at the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada, leaving 58 people dead and 546 injured. Between 10:05 and 10:15 p.m. PDT, 64-year-old Stephen Paddock of Mesquite, Nevada, fired hundreds of rifle rounds from his suite on the 32nd floor of the nearby Mandalay Bay hotel. About an hour after Paddock fired his last shot into the crowd, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His motive is unknown.
The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States. The shooting reignited the debate about gun laws in the U.S. with attention focused on bump fire stocks, which Paddock used to allow his semi-automatic rifles to fire at a rate similar to that of a fully automatic weapon.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Location
1.2 Preparation
2 Shooting
2.1 Misinformation
3 Casualties
4 Perpetrator
5 Aftermath and reactions
5.1 Hoaxes
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Background
Location
The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, immediately south of the City of Las Vegas. It is known for its concentration of casinos and resort hotels, including the 43-story Mandalay Bay southeast of its intersection with Mandalay Bay Road, in the unincorporated town of Paradise.[2]
Diagonally across the intersection to the northeast is Las Vegas Village, a 15-acre (6.1-hectare) lot used for outdoor performances.[2][3] The annual Route 91 Harvest country music festival was held there since 2014; 2017's festival ran from September 29 to October 1.[3][a]
Preparation
Paddock may have researched the possibility of attacking other outdoor concerts. He reserved a room that overlooked the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it.
He appears to have stayed in Downtown Las Vegas from September 14 until the night of the shooting. Between the 22nd and 24th, he rented rooms at The Ogden, which overlooked the open-air Life Is Beautiful festival.[4]
On September 25, 2017, Paddock arrived at the Mandalay Bay hotel and booked into a comped room. Three days later, he moved to the 32nd floor suite, which overlooked Las Vegas Village.[5][b] He placed a "Do not disturb" sign on the door, organized the room, and stockpiled an arsenal of weapons.[6][7] Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said Paddock carried more than ten suitcases into his hotel suite during his preparation for the shooting.[6]
A bump fire stock, showing how the trigger (red) is pulled by the trigger finger when the receiver is moved forward. It is reset when the receiver moves back due to recoil.
Twenty-three firearms, a large quantity of ammunition, and numerous high-capacity magazines capable of holding up to 100 rounds apiece were found in the suite.[8][9] The firearms included four DDM4 rifles, three FN-15 rifles, one AR-15 rifle with forward front grip, one .308-caliber AR-10 rifle, one Kalashnikov, and at least one made-to-order LMT rifle and one handgun.[10][11][12] Two of the rifles were equipped with telescopic sights and mounted on bipods.[13][14] Bump fire stocks were found on twelve of the guns,[10] which allowed for recoil to actuate their triggers at a rate of 90 bullets in 10 seconds.[15] The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined that the firearms found in his hotel room, along with more guns found in his homes, were legal and had been legally purchased in the states of Nevada, California, Texas, and Utah.[16] In the month preceding the shooting, he had attempted to purchase a large quantity of tracer ammunition, but the gun dealer he approached did not have the item in stock.[17]
Investigators found hidden surveillance cameras that were placed inside and outside the hotel room, presumably so Paddock could monitor the arrival of others.[18] The cameras were not in record mode.[19] Police said a handwritten note found in the room indicated Paddock had been calculating the distance, wind, and trajectory from his 32nd floor hotel suite to the concertgoers he was targeting on the festival lot.[20][21]
At a press conference on October 4, Sheriff Lombardo stated there was evidence—which he declined to discuss—that Paddock intended to escape the scene, and that he may have had assistance from an accomplice.[22] Investigators searched Paddock's room and found a bulletproof vest and breathing apparatus, which were survival gear that Paddock never used.[23]
During subsequent investigations, ammonium nitrate, which is often used in improvised explosive devices, was found in the trunk of his Hyundai Tucson SUV, along with 1,600 rounds of ammunition and 50 pounds (23 kg) of Tannerite, a binary explosive used to make explosive targets for gun ranges.[24][25] Undersheriff Kevin McMahill said that while Paddock had "nefarious intent" with the material, he did not appear to have assembled an explosive device.[17][26]
Shooting
Schematic of the shooting scene. Paddock fired 490 yards (450 m) from the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay hotel towards the concertgoers at Las Vegas Village.
The mass shooting occurred between 10:05 and 10:15 p.m. PDT on October 1, 2017, which was the third and final night of the festival. When the shooting began, country music singer Jason Aldean was giving the closing performance before an audience of about 22,000.[27]
Shortly before 10 p.m., hotel security guard Jesus Campos was sent to the 32nd floor to investigate an open-door alert. He encountered a barricaded door that prevented him from immediately accessing the floor. After arriving on the floor, he heard drilling from Paddock's room and went to investigate. At approximately 10:05 he was hit in the right thigh by one of about 200 bullets which Paddock fired through his suite's door. Campos was hit in the right thigh and immediately informed the hotel by radio and cellphone that he had been shot. At the same time, maintenance worker Stephen Schuck was on the same floor to check out a report about a jammed fire door. Campos, who was already injured, encountered Schuck and told him to take cover. Schuck contacted hotel dispatchers over his radio, informed them of the ongoing shooting, and told them to call the police.[28][29][30][31] Neither Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department nor MGM Resorts International, the Mandalay Bay's owner, have confirmed when information about the initial shooting was relayed to the police.[32][33][34][35]
1
2
3
1
Paddock's room at Mandalay Bay
2
Main stage of Route 91 Harvest
3
Airport fuel tanks
Paddock used a hammer to break two of his suite's windows and began shooting through them at 10:05 p.m., ultimately firing hundreds of rifle rounds[36][37] approximately 490 yards (450 m) into the festival audience.[38][39][40][c] Many people in the crowd initially mistook the gunfire for fireworks.[41] During the shooting, a security fence hindered concertgoers from fleeing the 15-acre concrete lot.[42] The gunfire continued, with some momentary pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15 p.m.[43][44]
Two of the bullets fired by Paddock struck a large aviation fuel tank at McCarran International Airport 2,000 feet (600 m) away. One of the bullets penetrated the tank, but the fuel did not ignite or explode, and was unlikely to have done so.[45]
During the shooting, police officers were initially confused whether the shots were coming from the Mandalay Bay, the nearby Luxor hotel, or the festival grounds.[42] There were also multiple false reports of additional shooters at other hotels on the Strip.[46] Officers eventually spotted multiple flashes of gunfire in the middle of the Mandalay Bay, on the northern side, and responded to the hotel. At 10:12 p.m., two officers on the 31st floor reported the sounds of gunfire on the floor above them.[42] When officers arrived on the 32nd floor at 10:17 p.m. and encountered Campos a minute later, he directed them to Paddock's room and helped others evacuate. Campos was then directed to seek medical attention for himself.[29][31]
Between 10:26 and 10:30 p.m., an additional eight officers arrived at the 32nd floor. They could no longer hear gunfire and moved systematically down the hallway, searching and clearing each room, using a master key that was provided by Campos. At 10:55 p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20 p.m., police breached Paddock's room with explosives.[44][42][47] Paddock was found dead, having shot himself in the head before the police entered.[48][49] While entering the hotel suite, an officer accidentally fired off a round from his weapon, which hit no one.[50] At 11:27 p.m., officers announced over the police radio that one suspect was down.[44][51] Early on October 2, Sheriff Lombardo identified the suspect as Stephen Paddock.[52]
Misinformation
There have been several changes in the official account and timeline of Paddock's shooting of hotel security guard Campos. Police officials described these adjustments as "minute changes" that are common in complex investigations.[29]
In a first statement about the incident, police officials inaccurately reported that Campos arrived on the scene after Paddock began firing into the crowd. In a second statement, police officials reported, again inaccurately, that Campos was shot six minutes before Paddock began firing into the crowd. That report had been based on a 9:59 p.m. notation in a hotel security log, which in a third statement was determined to have been the time when Campos encountered the barricaded door.[28][30]
Sheriff Lombardo dismissed allegations that the changing timeline is the result of some kind of conspiracy between the police department, the FBI, and MGM Resorts International saying "Nobody is attempting to hide anything in reference to this investigation. The dynamics and the size of this investigation requires us to go through voluminous amounts of information in order to draw an accurate picture."[28]
Casualties
Fifty-eight people (excluding Paddock) died as a result of the shooting, most by gunshot wounds.[53][54][55] They included 36 women and 22 men.[53] The oldest was 67, the youngest 20.[56] Six were from Nevada, 35 from California, 13 from other states, and four from Canada.[57] An additional 546 people were injured.[34] In the aftermath, many victims were sent to area hospitals, which included University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center, and at least one of the six hospitals of Valley Health System.[58][59][60] On October 16th, 2 survivors of the shooting died from a car crash near their home.
The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States, surpassing the death toll of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, where 49 died, excluding the gunman.[53][61][62]
Perpetrator
Main article: Stephen Paddock
Stephen Craig Paddock (April 9, 1953 – October 1, 2017)[63] was a former auditor and real estate businessman,[64] who had been living in a retirement community in Mesquite, Nevada.[65] Paddock was a high-stakes gambler who placed bets at a high enough level to earn valuable comps—free benefits such as rooms and meals. He was a familiar figure to casino hosts in Las Vegas, but was not well known among other high-stakes gamblers since he mostly played video poker.[66] He reportedly kept to himself and was a heavy drinker.[67] Police said he had made casino transactions in the tens of thousands of dollars prior to the shooting, but did not specify whether these transactions were losses or wins.[68] Sheriff Lombardo said Paddock had lost a significant amount of his wealth over the previous two years, which might have been a "determining factor" in the attack, but added that his motive may never truly be understood.[69]
Court records show Paddock married and divorced twice. He had no known children.[70] Paddock's father was Benjamin Hoskins Paddock, a bank robber who was on the FBI's most-wanted list between 1969 and 1977, and whose wanted poster stated he had been "diagnosed as psychopathic" and reportedly had "suicidal tendencies".[71]
Police believe Paddock acted alone and have not determined his motive, despite following more than a thousand leads.[49][17][72] His younger brother and others who were in close contact with him described him as having no apparent religious or political affiliation.[70] Police said they had no investigative information or criminal history indicating that he was dangerous. His only recorded interaction with law enforcement was a minor traffic citation years before the shooting, which he settled in court.[73][74]
Aftermath and reactions
The Las Vegas sign adorned with flowers on October 9, 2017, a week after the shooting
Much of Las Vegas Boulevard was closed as police SWAT teams combed the venue and neighboring businesses. McCarran International Airport, adjacent to the shooting site, was shut down for several hours.[75] Approximately 300 people entered the airport property as they fled to safety from the shooting.[41] This prompted officials to shut down all four runways. More than 25 flights were rerouted to ensure that no aircraft would be hit by gunfire,[46] while other flights were canceled before airfield operations resumed at 12:40 a.m. on October 2.[76] At approximately 2:45 p.m. PDT on October 2, a state of emergency was declared in Clark County.[77][78]
The morning after the shooting, lines to donate blood in Las Vegas stretched for blocks. Wait times were as much as six hours or more.[79] Millions of dollars have also been raised to help victims and their families.[80]
Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval called the shooting "a tragic and heinous act of violence that has shaken the Nevada family".[81] Jason Aldean, who was performing when the shooting started, posted his condolences on Instagram and noted all of those working with him at the show had survived the attack.[82]
At a press conference, President Donald Trump described Paddock as "a very very sick individual", and "a demented man, [with] a lot of problems". He added, "the police department has done such an incredible job, and we'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by".[83][84] A White House official talking points memo, distributed to Trump allies, opposed tightening gun control since "new laws won't stop a mad man", but "will curtail the freedoms of law abiding citizens".[85] On October 2, Trump issued a proclamation to honor the victims and their families.[86][87] On October 4, Trump visited the shooting victims and first responders.[88] On October 7, Vice President Mike Pence participated in a unity prayer walk and ceremony in Las Vegas in honor of the dead.[89]
The terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) claimed that Paddock was their "soldier", and that he had answered Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to attack coalition countries,[90] but an FBI agent said they had found "no connection with an international terrorist group."[91] ISIS provided no evidence for its claim, and terrorism experts noted that since Mosul liberation in October 2016, ISIS or Amaq News Agency has on at least two other occasions made false claims of responsibility for attacks with which they had no connection.[92][93][94]
President Trump meets a Las Vegas shooting victim
Stock prices of firearms manufacturers rose the day after the shooting, as has happened after similar incidents. Investors expect gun sales will increase over concerns that such an event could lead to more stringent gun-control legislation and a rush of customers wishing to defend themselves against future attacks.[95][96]
The shooting prompted support in the U.S. Congress for legislation that would ban bump fire stocks. The National Rifle Association (NRA) came out in favor of administrative bump fire stock regulations.[53] Some Congressional Republicans have also expressed their support of a prohibition of bump fire stocks.[97]
The name "1 October" was declared the official title of the mass shooting for investigators, according to authorities with the Clark County Commissioner.[98] The future of the Las Vegas Village site remains undetermined.[99]
Hoaxes
In the hours after the shooting, false information about the shooter's identity and motive went viral on social media. The fake news was circulated in Internet forums such as 4chan.[100] The website The Gateway Pundit misidentified the shooter when they named a different man and described him as a registered Democrat.[101] The 4chan thread on which this misinformation was based was briefly featured in the "Top Stories" section of a Google search for the man's name.[102] The fake news website YourNewsWire spread false information about a second gunman who was shooting from the fourth floor of the hotel.[103] Two of Facebook's top trending pages were items from Sputnik, a Russian government news agency.[104][105] These included one story that falsely claimed the FBI had linked the shooter to a terrorist group.[106] The stories were later removed with an apology.[107] Stories linking the shooter to Antifa have also been discredited.[108]
Google and Facebook were criticized for displaying such false news stories in some of their search results.[107][109][110] The two technology companies were said to have failed in their responsibility of keeping false stories from reaching the public.[111] Facebook later said its algorithms were designed to detect and remove false stories, but failed to work adequately in this instance.[109]
An October 2017 article in The Wall Street Journal referenced the shooting and stated, "After searches on YouTube about the mass shooting this month in Las Vegas surfaced videos peddling conspiracy theories, the site said it was tweaking its search algorithm to promote more authoritative news sources."[112] Survivors of the shooting have received death threats on social media, along with accusations of being paid actors.[113]
See also
Gun laws in Nevada
Gun violence in the United States
List of disasters in the United States by death toll
List of rampage killers
List of rampage killers (Americas)
Notes
Jump up ^ For the layout of the festival, see "Vegas hospitals swamped with victims after high-rise attack". MSN. Associated Press. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ For a diagram of Paddock's hotel suite and connecting room, see: "Why did it take police so long to breach Las Vegas gunman's room? Here's a new timeline". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017. .
Jump up ^ For an infographic of what occurred at the venue during the shooting, see the fourth image of: "Las Vegas Shooting: Chaos at a Concert and a Frantic Search at Mandalay Bay". The New York Times. October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. .
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Jump up ^ Balsamo, Michael (October 12, 2017). "Pressure Mounts for Vegas Police to Explain Response Time". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 12, 2017. Vegas authorities did not respond to questions about whether hotel security or anyone else in the hotel called 911 to report the gunfire
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Jump up ^ Branch, John; Kovaleski, Serge F.; Tavernise, Sabrina (October 4, 2017). "Stephen Paddock Chased Gambling's Payouts and Perks". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Velotta, Richard N.; Prince, Todd (October 5, 2017). "Paddock's game of choice, video poker, allowed him to blend in". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Williams, Pete; Connor, Tracy; Rosenblatt, Kalhan; Winter, Tom (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Shooter Stephen Paddock Had Recent Large Gambling Transactions". NBC News. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Holly (November 3, 2017). Portrait of Las Vegas gunman: A narcissist on a losing streak. Yahoo News. Retrieved: November 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Grinberg, Emanuella (October 2, 2017). "Something went 'incredibly wrong' with Las Vegas gunman, brother says". CNN. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Shelbourne, Mallory (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas suspect's father was bank robber on FBI Most Wanted list". The Hill. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Yan, Holly; Victor, Philip; Simon, Darran (October 2, 2017). "Weapons cache found at Las Vegas shooter's home". CNN. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Levine, Daniel S. (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Shooter Stephen Paddock Filed Lawsuit Against Casino". Heavy.com. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who is Stephen Paddock? Las Vegas gunman's father was 'psychopathic' bank robber on FBI most-wanted list". National Post. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tchekmedyian, Alene (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas airport temporary closed by mass shooting; delays continue". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marroquin, Art (October 3, 2017). "McCarran's fence breached by people fleeing Las Vegas Strip shooting". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Miller, Mary-Anne; King, Yolanda T. (October 2, 2017). "Declaration of Emergency" (PDF). Clark County, Nevada. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ @ClarkCountyNV (October 2, 2017). "An #emergency has been declared in #ClarkCounty as a result of #vegasshooting. It was issued a short time ago. #PrayForVegas" (Tweet). Retrieved October 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Hauser, Christine (October 2, 2017). "Blood Donation Lines for Las Vegas Shooting Victims Stretch for Blocks" – via www.nytimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Donations for Las Vegas shooting victims are plentiful but disjointed". October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sandoval, Brian [@GovSandoval] (October 2, 2017). "A tragic & heinous act of violence has shaken the #Nevada family. Our prayers are w/ the victims & all affected by this act of cowardice" (Tweet). Retrieved October 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Petit, Stephanie (October 2, 2017). "Taylor Swift, Lady Gaga, Jennifer Lopez, Rihanna and More React to Vegas Shooting". People. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gambino, Lauren (October 3, 2017). "Gun control: Trump says lawmakers will discuss issue 'as time goes by'". The Guardian. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Las Vegas shooting: Trump dubs killer 'sick and demented'". BBC News. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tong, Judy; Levin, Sam; Yuhas, Alan (October 3, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting suspect's girlfriend is a 'person of interest' – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Office of the Press Secretary (September 30, 2017). "Presidential Proclamation Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Las Vegas, Nevada". whitehouse.gov. Washington, D.C.: White House. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Las Vegas, Nevada" (PDF). Federal Register. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. October 2, 2017. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Horsley, Scott (October 4, 2017). "Trump Visits Shooting Victims, First Responders in Las Vegas". NPR. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lee, Kurtis; Montero, David (7 October 2017). "Vice President Mike Pence in Las Vegas: 'We are united in our grief'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Dearden, Lizzie (October 3, 2017). "Stephen Paddock: Isis gives Las Vegas gunman jihadi name in new claim amid widespread scepticism over terror links". The Independent. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Savransky, Rebecca (October 2, 2017). "FBI: Las Vegas shooting has no connection with international terrorist group". The Hill. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Daniels, Jeff (October 2, 2017). "ISIS claim of link to Las Vegas shooter is a sign terror group is 'desperate' to remain relevant, experts say". CNBC. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Jason (October 2, 2017). "Did some media play into ISIS's hands? Some conservative outlets hyped the terror group's claim that it was responsible for the Las Vegas shooting". Politico. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Behind ISIS' bizarre claim on the Las Vegas massacre". CBS News. October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kilgore, Tomi (October 2, 2017). "Gun-maker stocks rally after mass shooting in Las Vegas". MarketWatch. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mosendz, Polly; Stock, Kyle (October 2, 2017). "Las Vegas Horror Drives All-Too-Predictable Gun Stock Rally". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Egelko, Bob (October 8, 2017). "Las Vegas shooting highlights wide gaps in gun laws". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "5 days after Las Vegas massacre many questions remain, few answers". ABC News. October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Segall, Eli (October 20, 2017). "Site of Las Vegas shooting faces a cloudy future". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
Jump up ^ De Vynck, Gerrit (October 2, 2017). "Fake News Fills Information Vacuum in Wake of Las Vegas Shooting". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (October 2, 2017). "How far-right trolls named the wrong man as the Las Vegas shooter". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tech giants sorry for false Vegas news". BBC News. October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Palma, Bethania (October 3, 2017). "Did a Second Gunman Shoot From the Fourth Floor of the Mandalay Bay Hotel?". Snopes.com. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Elias, Groll (November 10, 2014). "Kremlin's 'Sputnik' Newswire Is the BuzzFeed of Propaganda". Foreign Policy. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nimmo, Ben (January 29, 2016). "Sputnik. Propaganda in a New Orbit". Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA). Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Roose, Kevin (October 2, 2017). "After Las Vegas Shooting, Fake News Regains Its Megaphone". The New York Times. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Ben; Robertson, Derek (October 3, 2017). "Misinformation Is the New Normal of Mass Shootings". Politico. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Saranac Hale (October 5, 2017). "No Evidence Linking Vegas Shooter to Antifa". FactCheck.org. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Levin, Sam (October 2, 2017). "Facebook and Google promote politicized fake news about Las Vegas shooter". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Pierson, David (October 2, 2017). "Facebook and Google pledged to stop fake news. So why did they promote Las Vegas-shooting hoaxes?". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Madrigal, Alexis C. (October 2, 2017). "Google and Facebook Failed Us". The Atlantic. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lovett, Ian (October 23, 2017). "PragerU sues YouTube in free-speech case". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Levin, Sam (October 26, 2017). "'I hope someone truly shoots you': online conspiracy theorists harass Vegas victims". The Guardian. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Las Vegas Strip shooting.
Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department: Press Releases, dated: October 2, 2017
List of victims fatally shot
Short tribute to each victim
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Government of North Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Formation
1948
Jurisdiction
North Korea
Legislative branch
Legislature
Supreme People's Assembly
Meeting place
Mansudae Assembly Hall
Executive branch
Leader
Supreme Leader
Appointer
First-past-the-post
Headquarters
Ryongsong Residence
Main organ
State Affairs Commission
Judicial branch
Court
Supreme Court
Seat
Pyongyang
North Korea
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Constitution[show]
Juche (state ideology)
Songun ("military-first" policy)
Eternal leaders of Juche Korea
Kim Il-sung
Kim Jong-il
Workers' Party[show]
Chairman: Kim Jong-un
Congress (7th)
Charter
Central Committee (7th)
Politburo
Standing Committee
Executive Policy Bureau
Central Military Commission
Chairman: Kim Jong-un
Organization and Guidance Department
Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League
State Affairs Commission[show]
Chairman
Kim Jong-un
Korean People's Army
Supreme Commander: Kim Jong-un
Government[hide]
Cabinet
Premier: Pak Pong-ju
Judiciary
Supreme Court
Legislature
President: Kim Yong-nam
Presidium
Elections[show]
Recent elections
Parliamentary: 2003
2009
2014
Local: 2007
2011
2015
Administrative divisions[show]
First-level
Provinces
Special cities
Second-level
Third-level
Eup (city)
Dong (neighborhood)
Ri (village)
Rodonjagu (workers' district)
Foreign relations[show]
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Diplomatic missions
of North Korea
to North Korea
Passport
Visa requirements
Korean conflict
Korean reunification
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Censorship
Human rights
Kim dynasty
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(Enforcement • Security Ministry)
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Atlas
v
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In the socialist government of North Korea, the cabinet is the administrative and executive body.[1] The North Korean government consists of three branches: administrative, legislative, and judicial. However, they are not independent of each other.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Institutions
1.1 Judiciary
1.2 Workers' Party of Korea
1.3 State Affairs Commission
2 State leaders
2.1 State Affairs Commission of DPRK
2.2 Presidium of the SPA of the DPRK
2.2.1 Supreme People's Assembly
2.2.2 Cabinet
2.3 WPK Central Committee (September 2010-May 2016)
3 See also
4 Notes
5 External links
Institutions[edit]
The government is also confirmed by the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA). Premier, who appoints three Vice Premiers and the government's ministers. The government is dominated by the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and has been since North Korea's inception in 1948.
The Cabinet now has the right to supervise and control the Local People's Committee (LPC) with regard to local economies and administration. As the State Administrative Council (SAC) was replaced by the Cabinet, the Local Administrative and Economic Committee (LAEC) was abolished and its functions regarding local politics transferred to the LPC.
A party chief secretary no longer concurrently holds the post of LPC chairman Hyun Seo-yeo, which has been taken over by a former LAEC chairman. Thus, the LPC is theoretically independent of the local party and is under the control of the Cabinet. The status of the LPC as the local executive organ, in principle, became higher than before.
The Economist Intelligence Unit listed North Korea in last place as a totalitarian regime in its 2012 Democracy Index assessing 168 countries.[3]
Judiciary[edit]
Main article: Judiciary of North Korea
North Korea's judiciary is headed by the Supreme Court of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which consists of a Chief Justice and two People's Assessors; three judges may be present in some cases.[4] Their terms of office coincide with those of the members of the Supreme People's Assembly. Every court in North Korea has the same composition as the Central Court. The judicial system is theoretically held accountable to the SPA and the Presidium of the SPA when the legislature is not in session.
The judiciary does not practice judicial review. The security forces so often interfere with the actions of the judiciary that the conclusion of most cases is foregone; experts outside North Korea and numerous defectors confirm this to be a widespread problem.[5] Freedom House states that, "North Korea does not have an independent judiciary and does not acknowledge individual rights...reports of arbitrary detentions, 'disappearances,' and extrajudicial killings are common; torture is widespread and severe"[6]
North Korea's fifth and current constitution was approved and adopted in September 1998, replacing the one previously adopted in 1972. The former constitution had last been amended in 1992. Under the new constitution, North Korea is a socialist state representing the interests of all the Korean people.[7] Criminal penalties can be stiff; one of the basic functions of the system is to uphold the power of the regime. Because so little information is available concerning what actually occurs inside of the country, the extent to which there is any rule of law is uncertain. In any case, North Korea is known for its poor human rights situation and regularly detains thousands of dissidents without trial or benefit of legal advice. According to a US Department of State report on human rights practices, the government of North Korea often punishes the family of a criminal along with the perpetrator.[5]
Workers' Party of Korea[edit]
Main article: Workers' Party of Korea
The Workers' Party of Korea is organized according to the Monolithic Ideological System and the Great Leader, a system and theory conceived by Kim Yong-ju and Kim Jong-il. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, which last convened as the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea in May 2016. Although the WPK is (in theory) organizationally similar to communist parties, in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the Central Committee, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Politburo and the Presidium have much less power than that formally bestowed on them by the party's charter. Kim Jong-un is the current chairman of the WPK.
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea: Kim Jong-un
Chairman of the Central Military Commission: Kim Jong-un
State Affairs Commission[edit]
Main article: State Affairs Commission of North Korea
In June 2010, Kim appointed his uncle (by marriage), Chang Sung-taek, as vice-chairman of the NDC, in a move seen as propping his own position. Chang was already regarded as the second-most powerful person in North Korea and his appointment strengthened the probability that Kim's third son, Kim Jong-un, would succeed him.[8] However, in December 2013 Chang was fired from all government posts and subsequently executed. Kim Jong Un ordered for his uncle to be executed.[9]
In June 2016, following the 7th WPK Conference, the Constitution of North Korea was updated, replacing the National Defence Commission with the State Affairs Commission and placing Kim Jong-un as the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission.[10] This places Kim Jong-un as the official head of state. [11]
Minister of People's Security: Choe Pu-il
Minister of People's Armed Forces: Pak Yong-sik
State leaders[edit]
Eternal Leaders: Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il
Supreme Leader: Kim Jong-un
State Affairs Commission of DPRK[edit]
Chairman: Kim Jong-un
Vice Chairmen:
Vice Marshal of the KPA Hwang Pyong-so, Director of the KPA General Political Bureau
Pak Pong-ju, Premier
Choe Ryong-hae, WPK Vice Chairman for Social Organizations
Members of the Commission:
Kim Ki-nam, WPK Vice Chairman for Propaganda
General of the Army Ri Yong-gil, Minister of the People's Armed Forces
Ri Su-yong, WPK Vice Chairman for International Relations
Ri Man-gon, WPK Vice Chairman for Machine Building
Kim Yong-chol, WPK Vice Chairman for United Front Work
General of the Army Kim Won-hong, Minister of State Security
General of the Army Choe Pu-il, Minister of People's Security
Ri Yong-ho, Foreign Minister
Ri Ryong Nam, Foreign Trade
Presidium of the SPA of the DPRK[edit]
President: Kim Yong-nam
Vice presidents: Yang Hyong Sop and Kim Yong Dae
Honorary vice-president: Kim Yong Ju, and Choe Yong Rim (since April 2013)
Secretary general of the Presidium: Hong Son Ok (since April 2013)
Supreme People's Assembly[edit]
Chairman: Choe Thae-bok
Vice-chairpersons: An Tong Chun and Ri Hye Jong (April 2014)
Cabinet[edit]
Premier: Pak Pong Ju (April 2013)
Vice Premiers: Ro Tu Chol (from April 2009), Ri Mu Yong (April 2014), Kim Yong Jin (April 2014), Ri Chol Man (since April 2012), Kim Tok Hun (April 2014)
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Ri Su Yong (April 2014)
Minister of Finance: Choe Kwang Jin
WPK Central Committee (September 2010-May 2016)[edit]
Main article: 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Eternal General Secretary: Kim Jong-il
First secretary of the WPK: Kim Jong-un
Presidium of the Political Bureau of the Workers' Party of Korea Central Committee (since September 2010):
Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-un (since April 2012)
Kim Yong-nam
Choe Yong Rim
Jo Myong-rok
Ri Yong-ho
Choe Ryong Hae (since April 2012)
Hwang Pyong-so (February 2015)
Members and Alternate Members of Political Bureau (September 2010): Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un (2012), Kim Yong-nam, Jo Myong Rok, Ri Yong Ho, Choe Yong Rim, Choe Ryong Hae, Kim Yong Chun, Jon Pyong Ho, Kim Kuk-thae, Kim Ki Nam, Choe Thae-bok, Yang Hyong Sop, Kang Sok Ju, Pyon Yong Rip, Ri Yong Mu, Ju Sang Song, Hong Sok Hyong and Kim Kyong Hui, and since April 2012: Kim Jong-gak, Jang Song-thaek, Pak To Chun, Hyon Chol Hae, Kim Won Hong, Ri Myong-su, and March 2013: Pak Pong Ju, February 2015: Hwang Pyong-so (members),Kim Yang Gon, Kim Yong Il, Ju Kyu Chang, Ri Thae Nam, Kim Rak Hui, Thae Jong Su, Kim Phyong Hae, U Tong Chuk, Kim Jong-gak, Pak Jong Sun, Kim Chang Sop and Mun Kyong Dok and since April 2012: Kwak Pom Gi, O Kuk Ryol, Ro Tu Chol, Ri Pyong Sam and Jo Yon Jun and March 2013:, Hyon Yong Chol, Kim Kyok Sik and Choe Pu Il, and April 2014 O Su Yong, Ri Yong-gil (alternate members)
Secretariat of WPK Central Committee (September 2010): Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un (2012), Kim Ki Nam, Choe Thae-bok, Choe Ryong Hae, Mun Kyong Dok, Pak To Chun, Kim Yong Il, Kim Yang Gon, Kim Phyong Hae, Thae Jong Su, Hong Sok-hyong and April 2012: Kim Kyong Hui and Kwak Pom Gi, Kang Sok Ju (April 2014), O Su Yong (April 2014), Vice Marshal Hwang Pyong So, An Jong Su, Kim Su Gil (April 2014 ?)
Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea: Chairman Kim Jong-un (since 2012), Vice Chairmen Choe Ryong Hae - Vice Marshal and Hyon Yong-chol - Vice Marshal (since 2012), Hwang Pyong-so (since 2014), Members Kim Yong Chun - Vice Marshal, Kim Jong Gak - Vice Marshal, Kim Myong Guk, Kim Kyong Ok, Kim Won Hong, Jong Myong Do, Ri Pyong Chol, Choe Pu Il, Kim Yong Chol, Yun Jong Rin, Ju Kyu Chang, Choe Sang Ryo, Choe Kyong Song, U Tong Chuk, Jang Song Thaek, and since April 2012: Hyon Chol Hae - Vice Marshal, Ri Myong Su and Kim Rak Gyom, February 2013: Kim Kyok Sik, Ri Yong Gil.
7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea:
Presidium of the Political Bureau: Kim Jong Un, Kim Yong Nam, Hwang Pyong So, Pak Pong Ju and Choe Ryong Hae
Members of the Political Bureau: Kim Jong Un, Kim Yong Nam, Hwang Pyong So, Pak Pong Ju, Choe Ryong Hae, Kim Ki Nam, Choe Thae Bok, Ri Su Yong, Kim Phyong Hae, O Su Yong, Kwak Pom Gi, Kim Yong Chol, Ri Man Gon, Yang Hyong Sop, Ro Tu Chol, Pak Yong Sik, Ri Myong Su, Kim Won Hong and Choe Pu Il and Ri Yong-ho (Ocstober 2017). Alternate Members of the Political Bureau: Kim Su Gil, Kim Nung O, Pak Thae Song, Ri Yong Ho, Im Chol Ung, Jo Yon Jun, Ri Pyong Chol, No Kwang Chol and Ri Yong Gil, and Kim Yo-jong, Kim Jong-sik, Ri Pyong-chol (October 2017)
Executive Policy Bureau of the Party Central Committee:
Chairman of the WPK: Kim Jong Un
Vice-Chairmen of the Party Central Committee: Choe Ryong Hae, Kim Ki Nam, Choe Thae Bok, Ri Su Yong, Kim Phyong Hae, O Su Yong, Kwak Pom Gi, Kim Yong Chol and Ri Man Gon
Central Military Commission:
Chairman: Kim Jong Un
Members: Hwang Pyong So, Pak Pong Ju, Pak Yong Sik, Ri Myong Su, Kim Yong Chol, Ri Man Gon, Kim Won Hong, Choe Pu Il, Kim Kyong Ok, Ri Yong Gil and So Hong Chan
Department Directors of the C.C., the WPK: Kim Ki Nam, Ri Su Yong, Kim Phyong Hae, O Su Yong, Kim Yong Chol, Ri Man Gon, Ri Il Hwan, An Jong Su, Ri Chol Man, Choe Sang Gon, Ri Yong Rae, Kim Jong Im, Kim Jung Hyop, Kim Man Song and Kim Yong Su
Chairman of the Control Commission of the Party Central Committee: Hong In Bom
See also[edit]
North Korea portal
Politics portal
Politics of North Korea
Government of South Korea
State General Bureau of Tourist Guidance
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "North Korea names Kim Jong-un army commander". BBC News. 2011-12-31. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14.
Jump up ^ Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slater
Jump up ^ "S.Korea Outranks U.S. in Democracy Index". Chosun Ilbo. 2013-03-22. Archived from the original on 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices". U.S. Department of State. March 8, 2006. Archived from the original on March 21, 2006. Retrieved 2006-02-22.
Jump up ^ "Freedom in the World, 2006". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
Jump up ^ Teen Life in Asia By Judith J. Slate
Jump up ^ Fading Kim sets the stage for power play Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine., Donald Kirk, SCMP, 11 June 2010
Jump up ^ "North Korea executes Kim Jong Un's uncle". Associated Press. 12 December 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "DPRK Constitution Text Released Following 2016 Amdendments". https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/09/04/dprk-constitution-text-released-following-2016-amdendments/. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017. External link in |website= (help)
Jump up ^ "N.Korea updates constitution expanding Kim Jong Un's position". NK News. NK News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Government of North Korea at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
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values: Gouvernement de la Corée du Nord – French

values: 조선민주주의인민공화국 내각 – Korean

values: Правительство КНДР – Russian

values: Державний лад КНДР – Ukrainian

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