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Means to an end
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For the Biohazard album, see Means to an End.
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In philosophy, the term "means to an end" refers to any action (the means) carried out for the sole purpose of achieving something else (an end). It can be thought of as a metaphysical distinction as no empirical information differentiates actions that are means to ends from those that are not—that are "ends in themselves". It has been incurred that all actions are means to other ends—this is relevant when considering the meaning of life.
Immanuel Kant's theory of morality, the categorical imperative, states that it is immoral to use another person merely as a means to an end and that people must—under all circumstances—be treated as ends in themselves. This is in contrast to some interpretations of the utilitarian view, which allow for use of individuals as means to benefit the many.
In economics[edit]
Economics is ultimately a societal system which distinguishes means from ends. Modern economists, such as ecological economists, point out that our ultimate means are not labor or artifacts created through human production, but instead are ecological services provided by nature in the form of energy, low-entropy matter, chemical and biological composition as well as habitat stability.
Further, ecological economists and many others discuss the notion of ultimate ends. For instance, does non-human life have intrinsic value? Most argue that the answer is yes, but processes for maximizing this value are perplexing.
Idiom[edit]
A means to an end is also an idiom. It often refers to an activity (such as an undesirable job) that is not as important as the goal you hope to achieve (monetary gains for example). For example, Sam does not have any professional ambitions. For her, work is just a means to an end. One starts something and finishes it, without that something leading into something else, thus it is an end in itself.
This article about ethics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Sport in Kenya
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Culture of Kenya
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David Rudisha, the current World Record Holder in 800m and world champion.
Sports in Kenya is paralleled with Kenyan culture and as old as the archaeological trivia of the trace of the origin of mankind. Various indigenous traditional sports have prevailed in Kenya as elements of culture and a way of life since the history of mankind.[1] Some of the traditional games and sports prevalent in Kenya since antiquity included but not limited to, wrestling, racing exercises, stick fights, hunting (using spears and arrows), board games, bull fights, and dances.[2]
Most modern sports in Kenya owes credit to the British colonization.[3] Professional teams in form of clubs were formed by colonial British settlers and Asian contractors as early as 1922 before the establishment of formal schools.[4] Sports were introduced in schools in 1925. The syllabus for teaching sport through physical training in schools (extracurricular activity) was produced in 1935.[5] Football[6] and athletics (track and field)[7] respectively were the first sports to be professionally organized.
Today, many sports are popular in Kenya, played both professionally and as recreational physical activities. Sports played in Kenya today include athletics (track & field and other running events), cricket, motor sports, Association football, rugby union, volleyball, basketball, swimming and diving, team handball, netball, rounders, baseball, shooting, softball, bicycling, martial arts (boxing, Shotokan karate, Goju Ryu karate, Shorin Ryu karate, kickboxing, judo, Mantis kenPo and taekwondo), Lawn Tennis, Table Tennis, Squash, Badminton, Golf, Canoeing, Chess, Goal Ball, Horse Riding/Equestrianism, Polo, Weightlifting, Wrestling, Archery, Roller Sports, Ice Hockey and Mountain Sports - Kenya. Globally, Kenya is mainly known for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance races.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Athletics (Track & Field and Running Events)
1.1 Track Events
1.2 Field Events
1.3 Cross Country
1.4 Marathon
1.5 Boston Marathon
1.6 New York City Marathon
1.7 London Marathon
1.8 Chicago Marathon
1.9 Berlin Marathon
1.10 Tokyo Marathon
1.11 Olympic Games
1.12 Walking Races
1.13 Change of Nationality
2 Ball Sports
2.1 Association football
2.2 Rugby union
2.3 Volleyball
2.4 Basketball
2.5 Netball
2.6 Handball
2.7 Goal ball
2.8 Field Hockey
2.9 Golf
3 Bat Sports
3.1 Cricket
3.2 Baseball
3.3 Softball
3.4 Rounders
4 Rackets (Racquet) Sports
4.1 Lawn Tennis
4.2 Squash
4.3 Badminton
4.4 Table Tennis
5 Motor Sports
5.1 Rallying
5.2 Motocross
5.3 Enduros and Cross-Country
5.4 Autocross
5.5 Grand Prix Karting
6 Horseback Sports
6.1 Equestrian
6.2 Polo
6.3 Horse Racing
7 Aqua (Water) Sports
7.1 Swimming and Diving
7.2 Canoeing
7.3 Rowing
7.4 Sailing
8 Shooting Sports
8.1 Target Shooting
8.2 Archery
9 Mountain Sports
10 Other Individual Sports
10.1 Boxing
10.2 Cycling
10.3 Fencing
10.4 Floor skating
10.5 Gymnastics
10.6 Wrestling
10.7 Roller Sports
11 National Sports Organization
12 Collegiate Sports Organization
13 Scholastic Sports Organization
14 Youth Sports in Kenya
15 See also
16 References
Athletics (Track & Field and Running Events)[edit]
Athletics (track and field) was one of the two modern sports (together with football) to be formally organized in Kenya (See Athletics Kenya page for history) around 1922. Kenya has regularly produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m steeplechase, 5,000 m, 10,000 m and the marathons. Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin) continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has reduced this supremacy. Kenya's best-known athletes included the four-time women's Boston Marathon winner and two-time world champion Catherine Ndereba, former Marathon world record-holder Paul Tergat, and John Ngugi. The question of why Kenyans are so dominant in distance running has given rise to various explanations involving topography, or bone structure, or diet.[8]
Track Events[edit]
Retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion Kipchoge Keino helped usher in Kenya's ongoing distance dynasty 1970s and was followed by Commonwealth Champion Henry Rono's spectacular string of world record performances.
Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, 6 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze,[9] making it Africa's most successful Nation in the 2008 Olympics. New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo, the women's 800m gold medalist who went ahead to win the Golden League jackpot, and Samuel Wanjiru who won the men's marathon.
Field Events[edit]
Julius Yego became the first Kenyan field athlete to win a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games when he won the javelin title at the 2014 event in Glasgow (fellow Kenyan John Makaya had taken a bronze in the same event forty years earlier at the 1974 Commonwealths in Christchurch).[10] The following year he took Kenya's first World Championship gold in the field at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, where he set a new Commonwealth record of 95.72m on his way to victory.[11][12]
Cross Country[edit]
Kenyan runners have dominated the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in the past quarter century, maintaining with Ethiopia a stranglehold on the event; from 1986 to 2011, the last year the race was held annually, the Kenyan men’s team won 24 world championships, including 18 in a row until Ethiopia won in 2004-05. The junior men’s team won 23 titles since 1988, and the women’s team has won four straight since 2009. Kenya’s junior women have won 15 world championships. Five times – in 1991 (Belgium), 1993 (Spain), 1995 (United Kingdom), 1996 (South Africa) and 2010 (Poland) – Kenya had the champions in the men’s and women’s senior and junior races.
Only three Kenyan men have won individual world cross country titles in the men’s division, and two of them won multiple crowns. John Ngugi became the first man to win the world championship five times (1986–89, 1992). Countryman Paul Tergat became the first man to win five times in a row (1995-1999). Edith Masai won the 4-kilometer women’s short race three consecutive times (2003-2004).
Marathon[edit]
Runners from Kenya have run seven of the 10 fastest times ever for 26.2 miles. They have also been among the most consistent winners in the World Marathon Majors: Boston, New York, London, Berlin, Chicago and Tokyo.
Boston Marathon[edit]
Ibrahim Hussein won the first of his three Boston Marathon victories in 1988, less than a year after winning the New York City Marathon. Hussein would have back-to-back victories at Boston in 1991-92. Kenyan men broke the tape at the Boston Marathon 20 times since 1988, including 10 times in a row from 1991 to 2000. Kenyan women have 10 victories at Boston, four of them by one woman. The notable winners:
Cosmas Ndeti, who won three in a row from 1993–95, running a course record 2:07:15 in 1994;
Moses Tanui, a two time winner in 1996 and 1998;
Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot, whose four victories (2003, 2006–08) make him and Bill Rodgers the race’s only four-time winners in the men’s division;
Catherine Ndereba, the only four-time winner in the women’s open division;
Geoffrey Mutai, whose 2:03:02 winning time in 2011 is the fastest marathon time ever.
Rita Jeptoo, who won in 2013 before the attack
New York City Marathon[edit]
Hussein’s win in the New York City Marathon in the fall of 1987 was the first by a runner of African descent in the event. Three years later, Douglas Wakiihuri would win the race that begins in Staten Island and goes through Queens, Brooklyn and the Bronx, ending in Manhattan's Central Park. Kenyan men would win the race eight more times, and Kenyan women six in the open division. Among them:
John Kagwe, winner of back-to-back titles (1997–98);
Tegla Loroupe, who won in 1994 and repeated as champion the following year;
Martin Lel, whose victories in New York came four years apart (2003, 2007);
Geoffrey Mutai, the fastest marathoner ever, who set a course record (2:05:06) in winning the 2011 race;
Margaret Okayo, whose victories in 2001 and 2003 were course records.
London Marathon[edit]
Douglas Wakiihuri won the race in 1989; it would be 15 years before another Kenyan, Evans Rutto, would win in London. Martin Lel has three victories in the event and set a course record of 2:05:15 in 2008. Mary Keitany would win back to back titles in 2011-12.
Chicago Marathon[edit]
The Chicago Marathon was first held in 1977. Runners from Kenya have won the men’s open division 12 times, including nine in a row from 2003 to 2011.
Evans Rutto (2003–04) and the late Samuel Wanjiru (2009–10) repeated as champions during that period.
Joyce Chepchumba (1998–99) won consecutive titles in the women’s open division; Catherine Ndereba won in 2000 and repeated in 2001 with a world women’s record (2:18.47).
Berlin Marathon[edit]
Kenyan men have won the past three Berlin Marathon races (as of 2012) and 12 overall, including seven victories in a row from 1999 to 2005. Patrick Makau Musyoki won in consecutive years in 2010 and 2011, the latter in a world-record time of 2:03:38.
Tokyo Marathon[edit]
The newest of the World Marathon Majors, the first Tokyo Marathon was held in 2007. Daniel Njenga won the inaugural race in 2:09:45. Kenyan runners have won the race four times, including the 2013 champion Dennis Kimetto, who set a course record (2:06:50).
Olympic Games[edit]
Samuel Wanjiru became the first Kenyan to become an Olympic champion in the marathon when he ran an Olympic Games record 2:06:32 to win the gold medal in Beijing in 2008.
Douglas Wakiihuri would win the country's first marathon medal, a silver at the 1988 games in Seoul. Erick Wainaina won two medals, a bronze at the 1996 games in Atlanta and a silver at the 2000 games in Sydney.
Catherine Ndereba would win consecutive silver medals in the women's marathon, in Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008).
Walking Races[edit]
Change of Nationality[edit]
Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar.[13] The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the United States.[13] Most of these defections occur because of economic or financial factors however some elite Kenyan runners who cannot qualify for their country's strong national team also find it easier to qualify by running for other countries.
Ball Sports[edit]
Association football[edit]
Main article: Football in Kenya
See also: Kenyan football league system and Kenya national football team
Football is a popular spectator sport in Kenya. Kenya was a regional power in football, but its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the Kenya Football Federation.[14] This led to a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March, 2007.[15] Football in Kenya is currently controlled by the Football Kenya Federation.
Rugby union[edit]
Main article: Rugby union in Kenya
Kenya is making a name for itself in rugby union. It is popular in Kenya especially with the annual Safari Sevens tournament. Kenya sevens team ranked 9th in IRB Sevens World Series for the 2006 season.
see also:
Rugby union in Kenya
Kenya Rugby Football Union
Kenya national rugby union team
Kenya women's national rugby union team
Kenya national rugby sevens team
Rugby Football Union of East Africa
East Africa rugby union team
Rugby league in Kenya
Volleyball[edit]
Kenya has also been a dominant force in ladies' volleyball within Africa, with Kenyan clubs winning 13 African Championships,[16] and the national team leading the continental championship with 9 titles since 1991.[17] The women's team has also competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success.[18]
Basketball[edit]
See also: Kenya national basketball team
Basketball is a popular sport in Kenya, especially among the youth. The country has traditionally been home to several successful players of the US-based NCAA, which is widely considered the world's strongest basketball league for College and University students. Notable players there include Joel Awich (Cal Poly), Tylor Ongwae (LA-Monroe) and Tom Wamukota (Wichita State). Yet, the number of Kenyans who play professionally for top teams in Europe and Asia is still low.
Kenya's national team had its best years between the mid-80s and the mid-90s when it qualified for the African Basketball Championship several times and even reached the Final Four in 1993 when Nairobi hosted the event.
Netball[edit]
Handball[edit]
Goal ball[edit]
Field Hockey[edit]
Hockey played on a grass field.
Golf[edit]
Golf sporting in Kenya
Bat Sports[edit]
Cricket[edit]
Main article: Cricket in Kenya
Cricket is another popular and the most successful team sport. Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup since 1996. They upset some of the World's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. They also won the inaugural World Cricket League Division 1 hosted in Nairobi and participated in the World T20. Their current captain is Steve Tikolo.
Baseball[edit]
The Baseball Federation of Kenya (BFK)and Kenya Little League (KLL) has been promoting baseball in Kenya since 1992 and 2010 respectively. The sport was flourishing in the 90s before slowing down in the 2000s. Has previously participated in the All Africa Games, Kenko games in Zambia, World children's Baseball fair in Japan (4 times). Recently hosted the World Cup U18 Africa Qualifiers at the Meru university of Science and Technology (MUST)last Dec 15-20, 2014. The sport is popular in Nairobi, Meru, Migori and Makueni. It is played in schools both Primary and Secondary, Colleges and Universities led by MUST. Solomon Gacece has been the long-serving chairman and with George Mahinda as the Secretary General.
The Kenya little League was chartered with Little League Baseball in Williamsport, PA, USA in 2010 and has been active in Meru before spreading to Nairobi and Mombasa. Currently about 24 Counties have baseball with Meru County reputing itself as the home of Baseball in Africa.
Baseball is picking up in Eastern Africa countries of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Rwanda. The annual East Africa championships held for the first time in Migori and expected again this year. Ready as it rejoins the Olympics in Japan in 2020.
Softball[edit]
The Kenya Little League is promoting softball in addition to baseball in areas like Meru, Nairobi and Mombasa with Nairobi being the other softball hotspot.
Softball Federation of Kenya is promoting the sport especially at the universities.
Rounders[edit]
Rackets (Racquet) Sports[edit]
Lawn Tennis[edit]
Squash[edit]
Badminton[edit]
Table Tennis[edit]
Motor Sports[edit]
Motor sports in Kenya are governed by the Kenya Motor Sport Federation (KMSF). KMSF is affiliated to various world motor sports governing bodies including the International Motorcycling Federation (FIM) that governs motorcycle racing, and the Federation of International Automobile (FIA) an association that oversees motoring organizations, motor car users, and organizes World Rally Championships (WRC).[4]
Rallying[edit]
The first professional motor sport in Kenya, the East African Coronation Safari was organized in celebration of Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation on June 2, 1953. The annual rally was renamed the East African Safari Rally from 1954 to 1975 and the Safari Rally from 1975 to date. The 13-stage Safari Rally was included in the inaugural FIA organized World Rally Championships (WRC) as the fourth round of the 13 rounds that comprised the WRC rally season in 1973. Ian Duncan is the only Kenyan to ever win a WRC round, the Safari Rally in 1994.
The African Rally Championship (ARC) is a regional body of FIA and runs an annual rally season with eight rounds in eight different countries (Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Madagascar) from March to November, except in October. The Safari Rally was acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world. The Kenyan legend, Shekhar Mehta/Nissan won the ARC inaugural season (1981) while Davis Horsey/Peugeot was the last Kenyan to win ARC in 1984.
Locally, the Kenya National Rally Champion is selected from the points accumulated in several KCB sponsored rounds. Ian Duncan is the 2011 KNR Champion. Patrick Njiru/David Williamson was the first African driver to win the Kenya National Rally Championship . He raced competitively last in 2002 before retiring from competitive racing. Njiru however continued to organize and participate in charity races. Ian Duncan is the most successful rally drivers in Kenya that continues to feature in various motor races to date. His Résumé is as follows: 1) The only Kenyan to win a WRC round (the 42nd Trust Bank Safari Rally, 1994), 2) He has won Kenyan Rally Championship six times (1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 2000, and 2011), 3) He won the East African Classic Safari Rally in 2009 (racing in the same race in November, 2011), 4) He has won Guru Nanak Rally Championship 11 times, and 5) He won the Motorsport personality of the year 2010!
Prominent Kenyan-born legend drivers at the WRC series: Joginder Singh (1973–1980), Shekhar Mehta (1973–1987), Patrick Njiru (1983–1998), and Ian Duncan (1983–1999).
Other significant rally drivers in Kenya today: Carl Tundo, Azar Anwar, Lee Rose, Jas Mangat, and Ben Muchemi.
Some of the KNRC two-wheel drivers: James Kirimi, Patrick Kibara, Joe Muchiri, Adnan Suhail, and Niaz Bashir.
Motocross[edit]
In Kenya, motocross has the largest athlete pool among all motor sports. There are six categories in motocross: MX50, MX65, MX85, MX125, MX2, and the open class, MX1. Some of elite Kenya Motocross riders include Shivam Vinayak, Charles Mugo, Cruze Muigai, Anthony Nielsen, Mohammed Anwar, and Tutu Maina. Shivam is the most decorated motocross rider in Kenya with titles such as the MXI National Champion, FIM Central African Motocross Champion, and the Kenyan Motorcycle Cross-Country Champion. On August 28, 2011 during FIM Africa Motocross Championship in Harare, Zimbabwe, Kenya was represented by three riders (Tutu Maina (MX125), Dekker Kihara (MX50), and Rolf Kihara (MX65) and finished 4th out of the six countries represented. In October 14–16, 2011, Kenya hosted the FIM Africa Cross Country Bike and Quad Team Championships in the scenic Soysambu Conservancy in Nakuru.[4]
Enduros and Cross-Country[edit]
Kenya has annual Enduro championships such as National Enduro Championship, JCB/Ganatra Plant and Equipment Cross Country Rally Challenge. Kenya also takes part in the FIM Africa Enduro Championships. Shivam Vinayak is one of the Kenya’s most elite Enduro biker who also doubles up in motocross. Enduro championships also attract the four-wheeler quad bikes also known as All Terrain Vehicles (ATV) with elite riders such as the defending champion Shazar Anwar, Murage Waigwa, Abid Ganatra, and Gurraj Singh. Enduro also welcomes Buggy Racing attracting some experienced rallying drivers such as Ian Duncan and Samir Khan.[4]
Autocross[edit]
Both rally cars and buggies compete in Autocross in Kenya. The major championship is the National Autocross Championship. Keith Henrie is the 2011 National Autocross champion. Other autocross athletes in Kenya include Charles Mugo, Samir Khan, and Rajbir Rai. Rally drivers such as the legend Ben Muchemi and his compatriots Stella Macharia and Onkar Rai often participate in Autocross challenge.[4]
Grand Prix Karting[edit]
This is the last category of motor racing in Kenya. The Kenyan Grand Prix Karting uses go-karts for leisure races, a 500m race. The Karting organizers welcomes individuals, corporate, and schools to various competitions. Karting in Kenya however mainly focus fun and motor race experience.[4]
Horseback Sports[edit]
Equestrian[edit]
Polo[edit]
Horse Racing[edit]
Aqua (Water) Sports[edit]
Swimming and Diving[edit]
Kenya has achieved great success in swimming considering it is an individual sport.
Canoeing[edit]
Competitive Canoe-kayak activities started in Kenya under the Kenya Rowing and Canoe Association, after affiliation to the International Canoe federation (ICF) in 2003 after Seifudin Patwa attended the ICF headquarters in 2003 in Madrid, Spain.
Rowing[edit]
Rowing was founded in Kenya during the colonial period with the founding of Mombasa Rowing Club in the 1930s in Liwatoni, Mombasa. This Club functioned as mainly a social club with occasional competitions with visiting Naval ships mainly British Navy, later with Kenya Navy however, the Club and rowing activities closed down in 1991 due to a land dispute with the neighbouring Fishing Company. Interest was again revived in early 1995 with the formation of Kenya Rowing Association, the national Body in charge, founded by Seifudin Patwa and Alisdair Macdonald, which was affiliated to the International Rowing federation (FISA)[19] and National Olympic Committee and rowing activities restarted in the Tudor Creek, Mombasa.
Rowing Interest was revived within Kenya Navy while Mombasa Rowing Club relocated to Tudor Creek. In 2000, The Rowing team competed for the first time outside Kenya in the 4th Africa Rowing Championships in Pretoria South Africa with 8 rowers, all from Kenya Navy. In 2003, Canoeing was added as an activity to the national federation which then became Kenya Rowing and Canoe Association having been affiliated to International Canoe Federation(ICF)[20] in the same year.
In 2003, Kenya qualified for the first time in the Rowing for the Athens 2004 Olympic Games in Single Scull category through Ibragim Githiga, a Kenya Navy soldier. Although his final result was not very good, it was a good step for the development of rowing in Kenya. Kenya further qualified gain in Single scull category in Beijing Olympic Games in 2008.
Sailing[edit]
Shooting Sports[edit]
Target Shooting[edit]
Although Kenya has sent shooters to the Olympic Games since 1956 (with interruptions), the discipline has remained a minority sport. Since the 1970s, Kenya's shooters are now distributed among approximately half African and half Indian. Famous past champions and Olympians are rifle shooter John Harun Mwau (now politician) and pistol shooter Shuaib Adam. The first Kenyan female ISSF shooter has now been seen abroad at the Commonwealth Games 2010 and the African Games 2011. The sport suffers from underfunding, lack of clubs, lack of coaches and an outdated firearms law, but has a modern range in Nairobi, and significant grass-roots talent that is not yet properly developed.
Archery[edit]
In Kenya archery has been practiced traditionally. It has been used in hunting, war and sports. In 2002 the Kenya association of archers was opened to cater for the growing problem of a platform where archers could compete in international sports. This also came with the formation of the Kenyan team of archers.
Mountain Sports[edit]
Mountain Sport is the newest sport in Kenya.[4] It is a combined sport-related individual and team challenges including distance running, High Ropes Course, Mountain Climbing and Abseiling, all done in the Jungle. The Mt. Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership (KESAL) held the inaugural Mountain Sports on October 22, 2011. The winners for the inaugural event were Benard Waweru - Men’s 21 km Senior Jungle Race while the Senior Women’s 21 km was won by the elite road runner Pauline Wangui. Sammy Ndungu won the Sky Marathon and The Kenya Methodist University (KEMU) won the Extreme Adventure title. See Mountain Sport-Kenya page for more details.
Other Individual Sports[edit]
Boxing[edit]
Cycling[edit]
The Kenyan-born cyclist Chris Froome emerged in the early 2010s as one of the top road racing cyclists in the world, breaking through with runner-up finishes at the 2011 Vuelta a Espana and 2012 Tour de France before winning a bronze medal in the time trial at the 2012 Olympics and the 2013 Tour de France, becoming the first African-born rider to win the race. Froome rode as a Kenyan before switching his nationality to represent the United Kingdom before the 2008 Tour de France.[21] He took his second Tour win in 2015[22] and a third the following year,[23] followed by another time trial bronze at the 2016 Olympics.[24] Froome was mentored by Kenyan professional cyclist David Kinjah in his early years.[25]
A Kenyan cycling team, the Kenyan Riders, was founded in 2009 by Singaporean photographer Nicholas Leong after seeing Kenyan runners dominate the Singapore Marathon. In 2016 the Kenyan Riders merged with Pro Team Downunder to form Kenyan Riders Downunder, the first UCI Continental team to be registered in East Africa.[26][27][28][29] René van Velhuijzen promotes a 1000km Safari Oriented bicycle tour, thus drawing mountain bikers to Kenya for a life enriching experience. The Kenya Bicycle Safari.
Fencing[edit]
Floor skating[edit]
Gymnastics[edit]
Wrestling[edit]
Roller Sports[edit]
Roller sports, mainly skating in Kenya are governed the Roller Sports Kenya Federation (RSKF).[30] The federation was founded in 1997 and organizes various race categories such as roller speed skating, roller hockey, aggressive skating, and freestyle skating. KSKF is affiliated to the International Roller Sports Federation. The federation races/activities mainly take place at Moi International Sports Complex, Kasarani. There are 3 to 4 competitions every annually including the federation held its nationals, held in Bomet, Rift Valley (2011).[31]
See Also:
FIRS Official Website:[1]
National Sports Organization[edit]
The Ministry of Sports, Culture and the Arts represents the highest organ in structural organization of sports in Kenya. The minister for sports implements policies on sports development, and debates sports bills in parliament. The commissioner of sports, within the Ministry of Sports acts as the government advisor on sports matters, drawing and evaluating policies, and maintaining standards within the Sport Department. Every district has a representation of government by Government Sports Officers.
The Kenya National Sports Council (KNSC) is formed by elected members from all sports in Kenya to ensure equity in development, promotion, and representation of all sports at all major competitions, national and international among other duties. The National Olympic Committee of Kenya (NOCK) prepares Kenyan athletes for the Olympics and works with other sports bodies in developing and promoting sports in the country.
Collegiate Sports Organization[edit]
Kenya Universities Sports Association (KUSA) is the governing body for Colleges and Universities Sports in Kenya.
Scholastic Sports Organization[edit]
Kenya Primary Schools Sports Association (KPSSA) and Kenya Secondary Schools Sports Association (KSSSA) are the governing bodies for sports in primary schools (1st to 8th grade) and secondary schools (9th to 12th grades)
Youth Sports in Kenya[edit]
The raise of youth sports organizations in Kenya followed the failure physical education in schools.[2][32] The first youth sport program, Mathare Youth Sports Association was formed in 1987.[33] Since then, government agencies, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and multilateral groups such as the UN, have continued to establish youth sport programs in densely populated urban areas giving the majority of Kenyan children opportunity to participate in sports.[34]
See also[edit]
Culture of Kenya
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wanderi, M. (2006). The traditional games of Africnnnnna: Directions and challenges in their promotion and formalization. International Journal of Physical Education, 43(1), 31-38.
^ Jump up to: a b Nyaga, L. R. K. (2011). Valued Outcomes in Youth Sport Programs in Kenya: Towards the Government’s Vision 2030. Doctoral Dissertation. Springfield College, Massachusetts, USA.
Jump up ^ Godia, G. (1989). Sport in Kenya. In E. A. Wagner (Ed.). Sport in Asia and Africa: A comparative handbook (pp. 267-281). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kanyiba Nyaga, L. R. (2011). The History of Sports in Kenya. Unpublished Book Manuscript
Jump up ^ Wamukoya, E., & Hardman, K. (1992). Physical education in Kenyan secondary schools. British Journal of Physical Education, 23(4), 30-33.
Jump up ^ Njororai, W. (2009). Colonial legacy, minorities and association football in Kenya. Soccer & Society, 10(6), 866-882
^ Jump up to: a b Nyaga, L. R. K. (2008). Management of middle and long distance elite runners in Kenya. Master’s thesis. Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Max (17 April 2012). "Why Kenyans Make Such Great Runners: A Story of Genes and Cultures". The Atlantic. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Rashid Ramzi of Bahrain won in 1500 m, but was later disqualified for doping, and stripped of his gold medal. This turned Asbel Kiprop's silver medal into gold by November, 2009. Sources before this date refer Keniya's achievement as "5 gold, 5 silver and 4 bronze".
Jump up ^ Whittington, Jessica (3 August 2014). "Julius Yego defies injury to win historic javelin gold in Glasgow". Athletics Weekly. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Gittings, Paul (27 August 2015). "2015 World Athletics Championships: YouTube thrower strikes gold in Beijing". cnn.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "World Championships: YouTube-inspired Julius Yego enjoys win". bbc.co.uk. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b IAAF: Changes of Allegiance 1998 to 2005
Jump up ^ New Vision, June 3, 2004: Wrangles land Kenya indefinite FIFA ban
Jump up ^ http://www.enhols.com/kenya_safari/kenya_culture.aspx
Jump up ^ Kenya Prisons Women's African Champions for fourth time running
Jump up ^ Kenya beat Algeria for ninth African women's crown
Jump up ^ KEN / Kenya
Jump up ^ http://www.worldrowing.org
Jump up ^ http://www.canoeicf.com
Jump up ^ Bevan, Chris (21 July 2013). "Tour de France: Chris Froome's rocky road to glory in Paris". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Austen, Ian (18 August 2015). "Chris Froome Gives Britain and Africa a Tour de France Win". nytimes.com. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tour de France 2016: Chris Froome completes third race victory". bbc.co.uk. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Collis, Simon (10 August 2016). "Olympic time trial: Chris Froome salutes 'unbeatable' Cancellara". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Chadband, Ian (22 July 2013). "Tour de France 2013: Kenya cherishes a 'great day for Africa' with Chris Froome's triumph". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nicholas Leong". LinkedIn. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Lee, Aaron S. (10 January 2016). "Epic solo ride earns Bobridge second Australian road title". Eurosport. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Ingle, Sean (12 December 2014). "Kenyan Riders maintain Tour de France dream despite death of leader". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Woodpower, Zeb (28 January 2016). "Kenyan Riders Down Under continue progression with Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race and Sun Tour starts". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
Jump up ^ FIRS Member Nations and Associations (Kenya): October 31, 2011: http://inlineskating.about.com/od/competitiveinlineskating/l/blfirs_members.htm
Jump up ^ Roller Skating open day at Kasarani Stadium. Retrieved on October 31, 2011 from http://kenyakidz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=319:roller-skating-open-day-at-kasarani-stadium&catid=75:small-children&Itemid=195
Jump up ^ Mahlamann, P. (1990). Physical activity and development in Kenya. Transafrican Journal of History, (19), 165-179.
Jump up ^ Karanja, P (2003). Mathare Youth Sports Association (MYSA), Kenya. In Streetfootballworld, Community development (pp. 144-45). Author.
Jump up ^ Bardgett, M., Bowers, J., Sokoloff, D., & Wells, J. (2009). Playing for the future: An inside look at a social network affecting youth development in Kenya (Capstone Reports 2009). Retrieved August 7, 2010 from George Washington University, Elliott School of International Affairs website: http://elliott.gwu.edu/academics/grad/ids/capstone_reports.cfm.
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text:
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Who Do You Think You Are?
Genre
Documentary
Narrated by
David Morrissey (2004)
Mark Strong (2006–2012)
Cherie Lunghi (2013–2016)
Phil Davis (2017–)
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
14
No. of episodes
128 and 2 specials
(as of 7 September 2017 or
Series 14, Episode 9)

Specials:
11 July 2007:
Adoption Special

6 August 2014:
10 Years, 100 Shows Special
Production
Running time
60 minutes
Production company(s)
Wall to Wall
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Productions UK
Release
Original network
BBC Two (2004–06)
BBC One (2006–)
Original release
12 October 2004 (2004-10-12) – present
External links
Website
www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007t575
For the U.S. series of the same name, see Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series).
Who Do You Think You Are? is a British genealogy documentary series that has aired on the BBC since 2004. In each episode, a celebrity traces their family tree. It is made by the production company Wall to Wall. The show has regularly attracted an audience of more than 6 million viewers.[1] More than ten international adaptations of the show have been produced.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episodes
1.1 Series 1 (2004)
1.2 Series 2 (2006)
1.3 Series 3 (2006)
1.4 Adoption special (2007)
1.5 Series 4 (2007)
1.6 Series 5 (2008)
1.7 Series 6 (2009)
1.8 Series 7 (2010)
1.9 Series 8 (2011)
1.10 Series 9 (2012)
1.11 Series 10 (2013)
1.12 Series 11 (2014)
1.13 Series 12 (2015)
1.14 Series 13 (2016–17)
1.15 Series 14 (2017)
2 Awards and nominations
3 Media releases
4 Other countries
4.1 International versions
5 Similar programmes
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Episodes[edit]
Series one and two were broadcast on BBC Two, and the first was the channel's highest-rating programme of 2004. This led to episodes being shown on BBC One from the third series onwards. The current narrator, as of Series 14 in 2017, is Phil Davis. Mark Strong took over from David Morrissey after the first series, which was nominated for "Best Factual Series or Strand" in the 2005 BAFTAs; Cherie Lunghi was the narrator between Series 10 and 13.
In the first series, the last ten minutes of each episode featured presenter Adrian Chiles and genealogical researcher Nick Barratt giving tips on tracing a family tree. In 2007, a special episode was broadcast in conjunction with the BBC's "Family Wanted" campaign featuring Nicky Campbell, who was adopted a few days after he was born.[2]
The theme tune was composed by Mark Sayer-Wade, who also provided the background music for earlier episodes. The music for later episodes is provided by Julian Hamlin and Edmund Jolliffe.
Series 1 (2004)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Bill Oddie 12 October 2004 (2004-10-12) 5.79
Oddie, brought up by his father and paternal grandmother, goes back to the Birmingham area to learn more about his mother's life and her struggles with manic depression and her mother-in-law. Then he learns more about his grandmother's life, her husband and family in Rochdale, Lancashire. He ends his journey learning more about his Oddie ancestors in Grindleton, Lancashire.
2
Amanda Redman 19 October 2004 (2004-10-19) 4.63
3
Sue Johnston 26 October 2004 (2004-10-26) 4.25
4
Jeremy Clarkson 2 November 2004 (2004-11-02) 4.95
5
Ian Hislop 9 November 2004 (2004-11-09) 4.96
Hislop, who was 12 when his father died, never met his grandfathers. Hislop traces his family history by traveling to his late mother's native Jersey, where for five years of her childhood, the island was occupied by Nazi Germany. He travels to Clary, France, where his paternal grandfather fought with the 9th Highland Light Infantry against the Hindenburg Line. He then goes to South Africa, where his maternal grandfather fought with the Royal Lancaster Regiment in the Battle of Spion Kop during the Boer War. While in South Africa, he discovered his father's maternal great great grandfather had gone to South Africa in 1795 with the 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders in an expedition to capture Cape Town from the Dutch.
6
Moira Stuart 16 November 2004 (2004-11-16) 5.35
7
David Baddiel 23 November 2004 (2004-11-23) 4.60
8
Lesley Garrett 30 November 2004 (2004-11-30) 4.41
9
Meera Syal 7 December 2004 (2004-12-07) 3.97
10
Vic Reeves 14 December 2004 (2004-12-14) 4.46
Series 2 (2006)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Jeremy Paxman 11 January 2006 (2006-01-11) 5.48
2
Sheila Hancock 18 January 2006 (2006-01-18) 5.43
3
Stephen Fry 25 January 2006 (2006-01-25) 5.86
4
Julian Clary 1 February 2006 (2006-02-01) 5.94
5
Jane Horrocks 8 February 2006 (2006-02-08) 5.64
6
Gurinder Chadha 15 February 2006 (2006-02-15) 3.96
Series 3 (2006)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Barbara Windsor 6 September 2006 (2006-09-06) 6.40
2
Robert Lindsay 13 September 2006 (2006-09-13) 5.95
3
Colin Jackson 20 September 2006 (2006-09-20) 5.19
4
David Tennant 27 September 2006 (2006-09-27) 5.75
Tennant traces his paternal roots to the Isle of Mull, and is surprised to find his family came not from the lowlands but the Scottish Highlands. He discovers his maternal grandfather was a star player for Derry City F.C. in the 1930s, and expresses concern when he finds that other relatives were members of the Orange Order. He is disturbed to learn that his great-grandfather played a key role in suppressing Catholics in Derry, Northern Ireland, and that Catholic cousins came under fire on Bloody Sunday.
5
David Dickinson 4 October 2006 (2006-10-04) 5.80
6
Nigella Lawson 11 October 2006 (2006-10-11) 6.15
She traced her ancestors to Ashkenazi Jews who originate from eastern Europe and Germany, leaving Lawson surprised not to have Iberian-Sephardi ancestry in the family as she had believed.[4] She also uncovered that her maternal great-great-great grandfather, Coenraad Sammes (later Coleman Joseph), had fled to England from Amsterdam in 1830 to escape a prison sentence following a conviction for theft.
7
Jeremy Irons 18 October 2006 (2006-10-18) 5.82
8
Julia Sawalha 25 October 2006 (2006-10-25) 5.54
Adoption special (2007)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Nicky Campbell 11 July 2007 (2007-07-11) 4.32
Campbell traces his adoptive family's roots in Scotland and Australia.
Series 4 (2007)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Natasha Kaplinsky 6 September 2007 (2007-09-06) 6.78
Kaplinsky follows her paternal line to Slonim in Belarus and is shown official documentation relating to her cousin's family. This includes the death of family members during the "liquidation" – massacre – of the Slonim Jewish ghetto by the Nazis and another's escape to the partisans and eventual immigration to Australia. Her maternal line included an apothecary to King George III.
2
John Hurt 13 September 2007 (2007-09-13) 5.80
3
Griff Rhys Jones 20 September 2007 (2007-09-20) 5.75
4
Carol Vorderman 27 September 2007 (2007-09-27) 6.53
Vorderman discovers that her father was an active member of the Dutch resistance during the Nazi occupation. He died while the programme was being filmed. Her great-grandfather Adolphe Vorderman played a key role in the discovery of vitamins.
5
Alistair McGowan 4 October 2007 (2007-10-04) 6.17
6
Graham Norton 11 October 2007 (2007-10-11) 6.88
It was discovered that Norton's Walker ancestors were originally planters from Wentworth, South Yorkshire, who were sent over from England in the 17th century to take over Irish land. Some members of his family fought for the British monarchy during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and took part in the Carnew massacre. Another member of his family was later killed in battle by the United Irishmen.
7
Matthew Pinsent 18 November 2007 (2007-11-18) 6.57
Series 5 (2008)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Patsy Kensit 13 August 2008 (2008-08-13) 7.10
2
Boris Johnson 20 August 2008 (2008-08-20) 7.04
3
Jerry Springer 27 August 2008 (2008-08-27) 6.71
Springer, who was born in England but emigrated to the United States at a young age, travels to the UK to find out how his parents were allowed in as refugees from Nazi Germany in August 1939. He discovered that someone in England paid £50 as a guarantor to sponsor his parents, but the rest of the family was left behind. He travels to his great-grandfather's hometown of Neustettin (now Szczecinek, Poland), where his great grandfather, Abraham Springer, successfully appealed for outside help after anti-Semitic politician Ernst Henrici stirred up violence in 1881. Springer then travels to Łódź, where his maternal grandmother, Marie Kallmann, was deported in 1941. She was sent to the Chełmno extermination camp in May 1942. Springer's paternal grandmother, Selma Springer, died in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
4
Esther Rantzen 3 September 2008 (2008-09-03) 6.44
5
Ainsley Harriott 10 September 2008 (2008-09-10) 6.70
6
David Suchet 17 September 2008 (2008-09-17) 6.79
Suchet, who has a love of water, discovers that his maternal great-great-great-grandfather was captain of a brig which foundered off the east coast of England. His paternal ancestors were Russian Jews, and he traces their flight from Russia to Turkey, Prussia, South Africa, and then the United Kingdom. He learns about his grandfather and great-grandfather, both of whom were noted photographers.
7
Jodie Kidd 24 September 2008 (2008-09-24) 5.87
8
Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen 29 September 2008 (2008-09-29) 4.72
Series 6 (2009)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Rory Bremner 2 February 2009 (2009-02-02) 6.44
2
Fiona Bruce 9 February 2009 (2009-02-09) 5.86
3
Rick Stein 16 February 2009 (2009-02-16) 5.64
4
Zoë Wanamaker 23 February 2009 (2009-02-23) 5.82
5
Kevin Whately 2 March 2009 (2009-03-02) 5.99
6
Davina McCall 15 July 2009 (2009-07-15) 6.92
7
Chris Moyles 22 July 2009 (2009-07-22) 5.23
8
Kate Humble 29 July 2009 (2009-07-29) 5.19
9
David Mitchell 5 August 2009 (2009-08-05) 4.55
10
Kim Cattrall 12 August 2009 (2009-08-12) 6.27
Cattrall researches her maternal grandfather, George Baugh's mysterious disappearance in 1938. She discovers that he became a bigamist in 1939 and had four more children. The episode reveals that Baugh's new family immigrated to Australia in 1961, and had lived there until Baugh's death in 1974.
11
Martin Freeman 19 August 2009 (2009-08-19) 6.48
Freeman researches his paternal grandfather, whom he learns died while serving as a medic during the Battle of Dunkirk in World War II. He discovers that his great-grandfather was blind, married three times, and meets a cousin he never knew he had. He also discovers how syphilis (a common disease at the time) ravaged his family in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Series 7 (2010)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Bruce Forsyth[5] 19 July 2010 (2010-07-19) 7.22
2
Rupert Everett 26 July 2010 (2010-07-26) 5.97
3
Dervla Kirwan 2 August 2010 (2010-08-02) 5.58
Growing up, Kirwan knew she was related to Irish national hero Michael Collins but did not know how. She discovers he was her great-great uncle: his sister, Margaret Collins O'Driscoll, was the mother of Kirwan's maternal grandfather. Kirwans seeks to find how her grandfather, Finian O'Driscoll, was involved in the IRA. She travels to Clonakilty, County Cork, birthplace of Michael Collins. On her father's side, she finds out her great grandfather, Henry Kahn, was a Polish Jew from the Russian Empire who broke with his community to marry an Irish Catholic girl in the late 19th century. Kirwan was surprised to discover they were married in the Protestant Church of Ireland, after the Catholic church refused to marry them.
4
Monty Don 9 August 2010 (2010-08-09) 5.95
5
Rupert Penry-Jones 16 August 2010 (2010-08-16) 5.68
Penry-Jones travels to India and confirms the family rumour that they have Indian ancestry. His great-great-great grandfather Thomas Johnstone was a sergeant major in the Royal Madras Fusiliers, and was part of the British attempts to quell the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He discovers Johnstone's wife, Louisa Collum, was of Anglo-Indian heritage.
6
Alexander Armstrong 23 August 2010 (2010-08-23) 6.46
Armstrong traces his mother's side of the family, who are descended from Irish landed gentry. The McCauslands were originally seated in Drenagh, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland and trace their ancestry through the Rouse-Boughton family, to Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester, a descendant of William the Conqueror via Edward III and the Beauforts, Dukes of Somerset.
7
Jason Donovan 30 August 2010 (2010-08-30) 5.55
8
Hugh Quarshie 6 September 2010 (2010-09-06) 5.42
9
Alan Cumming 13 September 2010 (2010-09-13) 5.15
Cumming traces the life of his maternal grandfather, whom the family was told died while cleaning his pistol while serving as a British police officer in Malaya. He learns about his grandfather's terrifying experiences as a war hero during the Battle of Dunkirk in World War II, his battle wounds received while helping stave off the Empire of Japan's invasion of India during the Burma Campaign, and his psychological problems which led to his death while playing Russian roulette in Malaya.
Series 8 (2011)[edit]
#
Celebrity[6][7]
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
June Brown 10 August 2011 (2011-08-10) 6.62
2
J.K. Rowling 17 August 2011 (2011-08-17) 7.00
Rowling researches her mother's paternal great-grandfather, Louis Volant, a French head waiter who previously worked at Savoy Hotel in the 1920s. Volant had won the Croix de Guerre for his bravery during the First World War. She also learns about Volant's mother, Salomée Schuch, an unmarried maid working in Paris at the time of his birth. At age 17, she had fled her hometown of Brumath in Alsace – which became part of the German Empire during the Franco-Prussian War – to become a naturalised French citizen when she eventually married Louis' father.
3
Sebastian Coe 24 August 2011 (2011-08-24) 5.45
4
Larry Lamb 31 August 2011 (2011-08-31) 5.45
5
Emilia Fox 7 September 2011 (2011-09-07) 6.06
Fox researches her family history hoping to discover where the acting bug in her family originated from. Fox's father believes that Fox's paternal grandfather, Robin Fox, a theatrical agent, likely would have wanted to be an actor. Fox learns that Robin's mother was Hilda Hanbury, an actress who appeared on the London stage in the late 1890s. Hanbury traveled to America with theater manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree, though did not find great success and was reduced to small roles. Fox also learns that Sampson Fox, father of Hanbury's husband Arthur ("Willie") was a millionaire who rose to prominence from a child laborer in a textile mill to the owner of the Leeds Forge Company. With his large fortune, Sampson Fox was the sole donor for the Royal College of Music in London. However, Sampson Fox was also involved in a scandal regarding his promotion of watergas as an energy source and the financial success of its investors.
6
Alan Carr 14 September 2011 (2011-09-14) 5.49
7
Robin Gibb 21 September 2011 (2011-09-21) 4.37
8
Richard Madeley[8] 28 September 2011 (2011-09-28) 5.05
9
Len Goodman 5 October 2011 (2011-10-05) 5.03
10
Tracey Emin 12 October 2011 (2011-10-12) Unknown (under 4.21)
Series 9 (2012)[edit]
#
Celebrity[9]
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Samantha Womack 15 August 2012 (2012-08-15) 5.30
2
Gregg Wallace 22 August 2012 (2012-08-22) 5.46
3
Patrick Stewart 29 August 2012 (2012-08-29) 4.58
4
Annie Lennox 5 September 2012 (2012-09-05) 4.86
5
Hugh Dennis 12 September 2012 (2012-09-12) 4.87
6
Alex Kingston 19 September 2012 (2012-09-19) 4.97
7
William Roache 26 September 2012 (2012-09-26) 4.30
8
Celia Imrie 10 October 2012 (2012-10-10) 4.89
9
John Barnes 17 October 2012 (2012-10-17) Unknown (under 4.10)
10
John Bishop 6 December 2012 (2012-12-06) 5.53
Series 10 (2013)[edit]
#
Celebrity[10]
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Una Stubbs 24 July 2013 (2013-07-24) 5.24
2
Nigel Havers 31 July 2013 (2013-07-31) 5.39
3
Minnie Driver 7 August 2013 (2013-08-07) 4.95
4
Lesley Sharp 14 August 2013 (2013-08-14) 4.52
5
Gary Lineker 21 August 2013 (2013-08-21) 5.37
6
Nick Hewer 28 August 2013 (2013-08-28) 4.52
7
Nitin Ganatra 4 September 2013 (2013-09-04) 4.31
8
Sarah Millican 11 September 2013 (2013-09-11) 4.57
9
Marianne Faithfull 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 3.78
10
John Simpson 25 September 2013 (2013-09-25) 3.99
Series 11 (2014)[edit]
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
—
Who Do They Think They Are?: 10 Years, 100 Shows[11] 6 August 2014 (2014-08-06) Unknown (under 3.34)
1
Julie Walters[12] 7 August 2014 (2014-08-07) 5.23
Walters traces her Irish great-grandfather, Anthony Clarke.
2
Brian Blessed 14 August 2014 (2014-08-14) 5.31
Blessed traces his great-great-great-grandfather, Barnabus Blessed, a bookbinder, and discovers that after moving from London to Portsmouth, his four children were left orphans. Blessed's great-great-grandfather, Jabez Blessed, became a "real life Oliver Twist".[13]
3
Tamzin Outhwaite 21 August 2014 (2014-08-21) 4.94
4
Brendan O'Carroll 28 August 2014 (2014-08-28) 6.06
5
Sheridan Smith 4 September 2014 (2014-09-04) 4.74
6
Mary Berry 11 September 2014 (2014-09-11) 4.75
7
Martin Shaw 18 September 2014 (2014-09-18) 5.39
8
Reggie Yates 25 September 2014 (2014-09-25) 4.18
9
Billy Connolly 2 October 2014 (2014-10-02) 5.74
10
Twiggy 9 October 2014 (2014-10-09) 5.33
Series 12 (2015)[edit]
On 23 June 2015, the BBC confirmed the lineup for Series 12, which began on 13 August 2015.[14][15]
#
Celebrity
Original air date[16]
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Paul Hollywood 13 August 2015 (2015-08-13) 5.08
2
Jane Seymour 20 August 2015 (2015-08-20) 5.14
Seymour traces the lives of two of her Polish Jewish great aunts during World War II.
3
Derek Jacobi 27 August 2015 (2015-08-27) 4.68
Jacobi, a descendant of Huguenots who fled persecution by Catholics, travels to France, where he discovers the horrors his Protestant ancestors faced during persecution. His sixth great-grandfather Joseph de la Plaigne, a prominent financier of Louis XIV, lived as a covert Protestant following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. He was uncovered and imprisoned by the king in the Château de Loches in 1701. He apparently bribed his way out of prison the next year and fled to London. In 1708, two years before his death, the 70-year-old de la Plaigne married fellow Huguenot Salomé de la Bastide, sister of Colonel Armand de la Bastide, and 45 years his junior. In 1709 they had a son, Guillaume, who was baptised with William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire as his godfather. Guillaume anglicised his name to William Laplain and was chaplain to the Dukes of Devonshire.
4
Jerry Hall 3 September 2015 (2015-09-03) 4.38
5
Gareth Malone 10 September 2015 (2015-09-10) 4.56
6
Anne Reid 17 September 2015 (2015-09-17) 4.70
7
Frank Gardner 24 September 2015 (2015-09-24) 4.41
8
Anita Rani 1 October 2015 (2015-10-01) 4.38
9
Mark Gatiss 8 October 2015 (2015-10-08) Unknown (under 3.80)
10
Frances de la Tour 22 October 2015 (2015-10-22) 3.83
Actress Frances de la Tour discovers aristocratic lineage. Her great-great-great-great grandmother Maria Elizabeth Adderley, stepdaughter of Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire, married captain Alan Gardner in 1796. They divorced in 1805 after he discovered her affair with Henry Jadis, nephew of the Earl of Strathmore. Lady Gardner had an illegitimate child with Jadis, Henry Fenton Gardner (born in 1802), who was declared illegitimate by the House of Lords in 1825 following the Gardner Peerage Case, in which Henry unsuccessfully attempted to prove he was the rightful heir to the Gardner peerage. De la Tour visits Doddington Hall and Seaton Delaval Hall to find out more about Jadis' mother, the Hon. Sophia Ann (née Delaval), daughter of John Delaval, 1st Baron Delaval. De la Tour discovers Sophia's sad story of becoming pregnant before marriage with Henry, and rushing to marry a man beneath her status, John Jadis. After suffering abuse from a drunken Jadis, Sophia divorced him but became ostracised socially. She developed an addiction to laudanum and died at 38.
Series 13 (2016–17)[edit]
On 13 July, the line-up for the 13th series was confirmed.[17] The series started on 24 November 2016.
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Danny Dyer 24 November 2016 (2016-11-24) 5.45
Dyer discovers that his 3×great grandmother had a criminal record for concealing the birth of her baby, who died, that his 15× great grandfather was Thomas Cromwell, his 14× great grandmother was Elizabeth Seymour, the sister of Jane Seymour, who was Henry VIII's third wife and Queen, and that his 22× great grandfather was Edward III.
2
Amanda Holden 1 December 2016 (2016-12-01) 4.71
Holden investigates a family rumour that she is of French heritage on her mother's side. She discovers that her 5× great-grandfather Collin Thomas served a year's imprisonment after breaking his apprenticeship as a cordwainer by enlisting in the Royal Navy aged 15. Following his sentence, he enlisted in the British Army's 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot in 1807 and fought in the Peninsular War. In 1814, while with his regiment in Bordeaux in South Western France, he met a local woman, Radegonde Charbonnel. He deserted from the army shortly before he was due to muster out, married Radegonde in 1816 and began a family, moving his wife and eldest children back to his home in Cornwall several years afterwards. She also discovers that her paternal grandfather, Frank Holden, a psychiatric nurse, survived the June 1940 bombing of the RMS Lancastria, which sank with the loss of thousands of lives, outside the port of Saint-Nazaire.
3
Liz Bonnin 8 December 2016 (2016-12-08) 3.94
Bonnin travels to Trinidad to discover her maternal family's Indian heritage, discovering that her 2× great-grandfather, Timothy Sirju, travelled to Trinidad from India with his family in 1872, where he worked as an indentured servant. She then travels to Martinique to trace her paternal family's French heritage and discovers that her 3× great-grandfather, François Alexandre Gros Désormeaux, was a plantation and slave owner who married one of his freed slaves, Marie Joseph, in 1835, and was actually born a slave. He and his mother, Pauline Zoé, were freed by his father, also François Alexandre Gros Désormeaux, and Pauline Zoé was a rare example of a freed female slave inheriting a plantation and becoming a slave owner.
4
Cheryl 15 December 2016 (2016-12-15) 4.81
Cheryl researches her maternal family. Research shows that her paternal line is from Tyneside and that there were a number of coal miners amongst Cheryl's forebears. When tracing further back, in one of the branches of her paternal line, researchers find that her ancestry includes several mariners. The investigation into Cheryl's maternal line shows that her grandmother, Olga Ridley, was one of twin girls born to Edith Annie Burton, the housekeeper for a widower named Joseph Ridley who already had a number of children from his marriage. Joseph Ridley had fought in World War I in the Durham Light Infantry as a pioneer in France and, from an examination of the census, before the war he had been a grocery warehouseman.
5
Ricky Tomlinson 22 December 2016 (2016-12-22) 4.28
6
Ian McKellen 25 January 2017 (2017-01-25) 4.21
McKellen discovers that his great uncle, Frank Lowes, was an actor, and his great-great-grandfather, Robert Lowes, campaigned for a half-holiday for Manchester's workers on Saturdays, an event that led to the evolution of the modern weekend.
7
Greg Davies 1 February 2017 (2017-02-01) 4.63
8
Warwick Davis 15 February 2017 (2017-02-15) 5.24
9
Sunetra Sarker 22 February 2017 (2017-02-22) 3.97
10
Sophie Raworth 8 March 2017 (2017-03-08) 4.45
Series 14 (2017)[edit]
On June 23, the BBC announced the line-up for the series' 14th series, which again would comprise 10 episodes and like the previous series would be split into two halves to be broadcast across the year on BBC One. The remaining[clarification needed] five episodes feature TV presenter Fearne Cotton, comedienne Ruby Wax, actor and director Noel Clarke, singer Lulu and actress Lisa Hammond.
#
Celebrity
Original air date
Viewers (millions)[3]
1
Charles Dance 6 July 2017 (2017-07-06) TBA
2
Craig Revel Horwood 13 July 2017 (2017-07-13) TBA
3
Clare Balding 20 July 2017 (2017-07-20) TBA
4
Adil Ray 27 July 2017 (2017-07-27) TBA
5
Emma Willis 3 August 2017 (2017-08-03) TBA
6
Lulu 17 August 2017 (2017-08-17) TBA
7
Fearne Cotton 24 August 2017 (2017-08-24) TBA
8
Noel Clarke 31 August 2017 (2017-08-31) TBA
9
Lisa Hammond 7 September 2017 (2017-09-07) TBA
10
Ruby Wax 4 October 2017 (2017-10-04) TBA
Awards and nominations[edit]
The show was nominated for the 2010 BAFTA Television Award for Best Factual Series.[18]
Media releases[edit]
Series 1 – 11 of Who Do You Think You Are? are available on DVD in the UK (Region 2).
In October 2007, BBC Magazines began issuing Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine, a monthly publication that includes material from the TV series.
The series 1–4 box set of Who Do You Think You Are? is available, distributed by Acorn Media UK.[19]
Complete Series
Release dates
DVD Extras
and
Bonus Features
Number
Of Discs
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
The Complete
First Series
TBA 5 March 2007 17 September 2008 Unseen Footage, First Steps to Researching Your Family 3
The Complete
Second Series
TBA 4 September 2007 12 November 2008 Unseen Footage 2
The Complete
Third Series
TBA 12 January 2009 18 March 2009 None 3
The Complete
Fourth Series
TBA 3 August 2009 20 May 2009 Special episode in conjunction with the BBC's "Family Wanted" campaign featuring Nicky Campbell, who was adopted a few days after he was born. 3
The Complete
Fifth Series
TBA 1 February 2010 TBA Three behind-the-scenes features 3
The Complete
Sixth Series
TBA 6 September 2010 TBA None 4
The Complete
Seventh Series
TBA 7 March 2011 TBA None 3
The Complete
Eighth Series
TBA 20 August 2012[20] TBA None 3
The Complete
Ninth Series
TBA 5 August 2013[21] TBA None 3
The Complete
Tenth Series
TBA 22 September 2014[22] TBA None 3
The Complete
Eleventh Series
TBA 10 November 2014[23] TBA Who Do They Think They Are?: 10 Years, 100 Shows 3
Other countries[edit]
See also: Who Do You Think You Are? (disambiguation)
The format of the series has proved popular around the world and the BBC has licensed it to many foreign television companies, who have produced their own individual versions:
TVP1 has aired a Polish version, called Sekrety rodzinne, which was broadcast from November 2006 to March 2007.
In September 2007, a first series of Canadian version, consisting of 13 episodes, aired on CBC Television.
An Australian version aired on SBS in January 2008, after six episodes of the BBC version had been shown; the BBC programmes were those featuring Stephen Fry, Bill Oddie, Julia Sawalha, Jeremy Clarkson, Gurinder Chadha, and Nigella Lawson.
In 2008, ARD's Das Erste aired the German version, called Das Geheimnis meiner Familie ("The secret of my family"). They aired four episodes featuring Marie-Luise Marjan, Armin Rohde, Christine Neubauer and Peter Maffay.
Ireland's national broadcaster RTÉ has aired two series of Irish version of Who Do You Think You Are? in autumn 2008 and autumn 2009. The Irish version has included internationally recognised names such as Ardal O'Hanlon, Dana, Rosanna Davison, and Dermot Gavin.[24][25] The British version of the show already airs on TG4 in Ireland.
Sveriges Television, the Swedish public service broadcaster, aired a Swedish version called Vem tror du att du är? in 2009. Later that year, in May and June, they also aired the BBC episodes featuring Stephen Fry, Jeremy Irons, Nigella Lawson, John Hurt, and Jane Horrocks.
Also on 31 May 2009, South African station SABC2 premiered its version, split into two parts, featuring local personalities.[26]
An American adaptation of the show premiered on 5 March 2010 on NBC. In Britain, this began airing on BBC One on Sunday 13 June 2010.
In 2010, the Dutch version called Verborgen Verleden ("Hidden Past") of the show started. Thus far, eight series have been produced between 2010 and 2017. From 2005 to 2008, four series of the show Verre Verwanten ("Distant Relatives") were shown on Dutch television.
In September 2010, the Danish TV station Danmarks Radio aired the first episode of the Danish version, called Ved du hvem du er?.
On 1 September 2010, France 2 aired two episodes of the French version, Retour aux Sources, featuring Vincent Pérez and Clémentine Célarié [27]
In January 2011, the Norwegian TV station NRK started to air the Norwegian version, called Hvem tror du at du er?
Starting on 9 January 2012, Finland's national public-broadcasting company, YLE, aired 15 episodes of the Finnish version, called Kuka oikein olet?, in which local public figures searched for their origins.[28]
A furthering of the concept was developed for American public broadcast TV, called Finding Your Roots, with Henry Louis Gates. This series adds DNA profiling to the format; including Y-chromosome DNA, mitochondrial DNA and autosomal DNA analyses to infer both ancient and recent genetic relationships. The series started airing on 25 March 2012.[citation needed]
In January 2013, Czech broadcaster ČT started broadcasting their version of this show, called Tajemství rodu ("The secret of the lineage").[29]
Starting 15 January 2013, RTP1 broadcast a Portuguese version called Quem É que Tu Pensas Que És? ("Who Do You Think You Are?") at the 10:30 pm timeslot. The first season featured such names as the comedian Herman José, the actresses Maria do Céu Guerra and Maria João Abreu, the musician Zé Pedro from the Xutos & Pontapés rock band and the fadista Camané.[citation needed]
International versions[edit]
Country
Local Name
Network
Air Dates
Australia Who Do You Think You Are? SBS One January 2008 – present
Canada
Quebec Who Do You Think You Are? CBC Television 11 October 2007 – 31 January 2008
Qui êtes-vous? (Who Are You?) ICI Radio-Canada Télé 8 November 2013
Czech Republic Tajemství rodu (The Secret of the Family) ČT1 9 January 2013
Denmark Ved du hvem du er? (Do You Know Who You Are?) DR1 15 September 2010 – 17 March 2012
Finland Kuka oikein olet? (Who Are You?) Yle TV1 9 January 2012
France Retour aux Sources (Back to Basics) France 2 1 September 2010
Germany Das Geheimnis meiner Familie (The Secret of My Family) Das Erste 31 March 2008 –
Ireland Who Do You Think You Are RTÉ One 15 September 2008 – 19 October 2009
Israel מי אתה חושב שאתה? (Mi Ata Hoshev She'ata) Channel 1 4 February 2010
Netherlands Verborgen verleden (Hidden Past) Nederland 2 29 September 2010 – present
Norway Hvem tror du at du er? NRK1 January 2011 – present
Poland Sekrety rodzinne (Family Secrets) TVP1 November 2006 – March 2007
Portugal Quem É que Tu Pensas Que És? RTP1 15 January 2013
Russia Моя родословная (My Family Tree) Channel One Russia 1 July 2009 – 12 February 2011
South Africa Who Do You Think You Are? SABC2 31 May 2009
Sweden Vem tror du att du är? SVT1 Spring 2009
United States Who Do You Think You Are? NBC (2010–12)
TLC (2013–present) 5 March 2010 – present
Similar programmes[edit]
BBC Wales has a similar series called Coming Home, which is made by Yellow Duck Productions and features celebrities with a Welsh background.[30][31] In 2007, Wall to Wall developed You Don't Know You're Born for ITV1. The series saw various celebrities taking on their ancestors' jobs. UKTV broadcast My Famous Family in 2007.
A short parody sketch of the show featured in the first series of The Armstrong and Miller Show in which Alexander Armstrong plays a fictionalised version of himself, discovering that his paternal grandfather and maternal grandmother were a child molester and a brothel-owner, respectively.[32]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "6.4 million uncover Davina's family history". Digital Spy. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? with Nicky Campbell". Who Do You Think You Are. 11 July 2007. BBC. BBC Two.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Top 30 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Nigella Lawson. BBC Who Do You Think You Are?, 26 September 2006; retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bruce Forsyth Traces Family History". BBC News. 17 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Featured Articles – BBC launching new series of Who Do You Think You Are?". TheGenealogist.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
Jump up ^ Submitted by mattelton (12 April 2011). "This year's Who Do You Think You Are? celebrities revealed". Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
Jump up ^ richardm56 (1 August 2011). "Yup. Sep 28, 9pm BBC1". Twitter. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Elton, Matt (9 February 2012). "Who Do You Think You Are? 2012: new series celebrities revealed". Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? 2013: new celebrities revealed". Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Who Do They Think They Are?: 10 Years, 100 Shows". BBC. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? Julie Walters". BBC. 7 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Furness, Hannah (9 August 2014). "Tearful Brian Blessed overcome as he discovers 'real-life Oliver Twist' in the family". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Greenwood, Carl (22 June 2015). "Who Do You Think You Are returns with Paul Hollywood, Derek Jacobi and Jerry Hall". The Mirror. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are?". BBC. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "BBC reveals WDYTYA? 2015 running order". Who Do You Think You Are Magazine. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Methven, Nicola (13 July 2016). "Danny Dyer discovers he is related to royalty during making of BBC documentary". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Television Awards Winners in 2010". BAFTA. 10 May 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "AcornMediaUk.com is coming soon". Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? Series Eight [DVD]: Alan Carr, June Brown, J. K. Rowling, Larry Lamb, Robin Gibb, Emilia Fox: Film & TV". Amazon.co.uk. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? Series Nine [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? Series 10 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? Series 11 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are%3F (Irish TV series)". RTÉ. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
Jump up ^ About The Show {Series 2} Who Do You Think You Are? RTÉ
Jump up ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? (SA)". TVSA. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Retour aux sources, TV Show", Facebook.
Jump up ^ "Sarja: Kuka oikein olet? Ohjelmat Yle.fi". YLE. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tajemství rodu" [Secrets of the family] (in Czech). Ceskatelevize.cz. 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Coming Home, Coming Soon". South East Wales. BBC Wales. 11 July 2007.
Jump up ^ "Coming Home Coming Soon". Mid Wales. BBC Wales. 28 January 2008.
Jump up ^ YouTube Armstrong and Miller - Who Do You Think You Are Spoof Published on 18 Nov 2007 accessed 15 July 2017
References[edit]
"Who Do You Think You Are? Series one: Celebrity Gallery". BBC History.
"Who Do You Think You Are? Series two: Celebrity Gallery". BBC History.
"Who Do You Think You Are? Series three: Celebrity Gallery". BBC History.
"Who Do You Think You Are? Series four: Celebrity Gallery". BBC History.
"Who Do You Think You Are? Series five: Celebrity Gallery". BBC History.
"Who Do You Think You Are? NBC Info Page With Celebrity Links". Footnote.com.
External links[edit]
Who Do You Think You Are? at BBC Programmes
Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine BBC
Who Do You Think You Are? Story
Family History at BBC Online
Who Do You Think You Are? on IMDb
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