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Gazetted Officer (India)
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Gazetted Officers (Hindi: राजपत्रित अधिकारी) are executive / managerial / supervisorial level ranked public servants in India. Authority for a gazetted officer to issue an official stamp comes from the President of India or the Governors of States. To that effect, they are de jure representatives and delegates of the Indian State and the President.
The Gazette of India is published on the regular basis by the Directorate of Printing, Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India.[1] It is an official Central Government or State Government publication, which publishes the appointments or promotions of certain government officials. An officer or public servant, who is appointed under the seal of the Governor at State level or by the President of India at the national level (and in the Union Territories), requires being listed in the Indian Gazette or State Government Gazette and is considered to be a Gazetted Officer. If a person's name is published in the Gazette, he/she is called Gazetted. Many are honorary Justices of the Peace and have the same standing as some of the Magistrates. Such officers, among other functions, have the power to verify the documents for academic, immigration and other purposes.
==Ranks==[2] The Government of India or a Government of States in India classifies public employees into Group A (Gazetted/Executive), B (Gazetted), B (Non-Gazetted), C and D. Earlier classification was Class I (Gazetted), II (Gazetted), II (Non-Gazetted), III and IV. Class I or Group A is the highest rank class and the Class IV or Group D is the least. The Government of India has plans to merge Group D into Group C.[3] Class I and II (Gazetted) belong to the class of officers whose transfers, appointments, promotions and superannuation are published on a yearly basis in the official gazette of State or Union Government. Defence Personnel are categorised as Commissioned Officers, Junior Commissioned Officers and Other Ranks. Commissioned Officers in Indian Armed Forces are counter parts of All India Services / Group A Services.
Class I or Group A (Gazetted)
These officials belong to the managerial or highest class of government servants who are placed in Level 10 and above in Civilian and Defence Pay matrices, Previously in the pay band 3 with 5400 grade pay and above in 6th CPC.
Examples - Officers of All India Services i.e. IAS, IPS, IFoS, Commissioned officers in Indian Armed Forces from the rank of Lieutenant/Equivalent[4] [5], Officers of 61[6] Central Group A Civil Services including IFS, IA&AS, IRS, IRTS etc. State governments also appoints certain category officers under Group A Services in state civil services.
Class II or Group B (Gazetted)
Examples - DANIPS DANICS, Puducherry Civil Service, Puducherry Police Service, AFHQ Civil Services, Section officers, Income Tax officers, JCOs in Indian Armed Forces[7] Officers in State Civil Services etc.
Class II or Group B (Non-Gazetted)
Examples - Assistant Section Officers in various ministries etc.
Class III or Group C
Public servants in non-supervisory roles.
Examples - Head clerks / Section heads, Police Head Constables, Typists, Stenographers, Tax Assistants, Telephone operators, Havildar and Naik or equivalent in the Armed Forces etc.
Class IV or Group D
Manual workers (skilled or semi-skilled).
Examples - Peons, Sweepers etc
Contents
[hide]
1 Who can certify documents
2 Non-Gazetted
3 References
4 External links
Who can certify documents[edit]
Attestation of copies of original documents: Group A and B (Gazetted) public servants and Commissioned officers of Indian Armed Forces
Character certificate, Police records verification: Group A officers, Commissioned officers of Indian Armed Forces
Citizenship certification: Group A officers, certification is limited to very few officials such as Sub-Divisional Magistrate etc.
Non-Gazetted[edit]
Officers falling under the category of class III and IV are not gazetted. They do not have the personal authority to issue an official stamp on behalf of the Government. Further, employees serving in Nationalized Banks and PSUs are not gazetted.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DoP - Gazette". Department of Publication. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "7 CPC Report" (PDF). MoF, GoI. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.imyideas.com/2010/10/group-d-posts-abolished-in-department.html
Jump up ^ "Table of Appointments". Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Annexure F" (PDF). MEA. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Group A Central Civil Services" (PDF). DoPT.
Jump up ^ "http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mod-drops-use-of-term-pbor-in-armed-forces/756929/". Indian Express. Retrieved 30 October 2017. External link in |title= (help)
External links[edit]
http://egazette.nic.in/
http://wbxpress.com/attestation-by-gazetted-officer/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazetted_Officer_(India)&oldid=807907425"
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text:
I'm Not Like Everybody Else
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
Single by The Kinks
A-side
"Sunny Afternoon"
Released
3 June 1966 (UK)
July 1966 (US)
Format
7" single (45 RPM)
Recorded
12 May 1966; Pye Studios (No.2), London
Genre
Rock
Length
3:29
Label
Pye 7N 17125 (UK)
Reprise 0497 (US)
Songwriter(s)
Ray Davies
Producer(s)
Shel Talmy
The Kinks singles chronology
"Dedicated Follower of Fashion"
(1966) "I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
(1966) "Dead End Street"
(1966)
"Dedicated Follower of Fashion"
(1966) "Sunny Afternoon"/
"I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
(1966) "Dead End Street"
(1966)
---
"Dandy"
(Non-UK, 1966)
"I'm Not Like Everybody Else" is a song written by Ray Davies and first recorded by The Kinks in 1966 and released that year as the B-side of "Sunny Afternoon". The lead vocal is sung by Dave Davies, with occasional parts vocalized by his brother Ray, the band's usual lead singer. The song is a defiant anthem of non-conformity. It has been covered by various artists, notably the Chocolate Watchband in their 1968 rendition of the song.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Music and lyrics
3 Release and reception
4 Influence and legacy
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
Davies had written the song for The Animals, but it was turned down, so the Kinks released their own version with guitarist Dave Davies on lead vocals. This went against the norm where each brother usually sang songs they had written themselves. Later performances of the song were sung by Ray, with Dave providing backing vocals and Eric Clapton-influenced guitar solos. Both the Davies brothers continue to perform the song in their solo concerts.
Dave Davies described the song as "a Kinks fans favorite."[1] He also said, "[I]t was never a hit for The Kinks, but over the years every true Kinks fan relates to that particular song, and it's funny, because that particular version is one of the only songs where Ray and I actually swap lead vocals. Elsewhere, when he sings lead I do the octave harmonies, or where I sing lead he's doing background vocals. Ray and I have very different ranges, fortunately, and our textures are different, which really helps for distinctive harmonies."[2]
Music and lyrics[edit]
The song is a defiant anthem of non-conformity, and its lyrics exhibit sentiments of frustration, accompanied by the outsider perception of being different from the rest, while yearning to seek and find, as well as assert, one's own individual identity.[3][4][5] The song begins with an opening signature played somewhat menacingly on a twelve-string electric guitar in the key of A-minor, punctuated by subtle drum beats, which then shifts into a key of G-major when the lyrics begin, highlighting the song's angry stance.[6]
I won't take all that they hand me down
And make out a smile though I wear a frown
And I'm not gonna take this all lying down
'Cause once I get started I go to town
'Cause I'm not like everybody else...[7]
Yet the mood also conveys a sense of sadness, and in the third verse expresses love and a sense of remorse, but with a cautious warning:[3]
But darling, you know that I love you true
Do anything that you want me to
Confess all my sins like you want me to
There's one thing I will say to you
I'm not like everybody else...[7]
As the song progresses into its last bars, it builds up to a cathartic finale with intense playing from all of the members of the Kinks and then comes to a crashing close.[3]
Release and reception[edit]
The song was first released as the B-side to their single "Sunny Afternoon" but soon became a favourite and was often part of the Kinks live act. Ray Davies continues to play the song regularly and used the song as an opening number in his 2006-2008 solo live appearances.
The song has been included on many compilations including Sunny Afternoon in the UK in 1967, The Great Lost Kinks Album in the US in 1973 and the 2002 greatest hits release The Ultimate Collection. It also appears as a bonus track on the 1998 CD reissue of Face to Face, the 2011 deluxe edition of The Kink Kontroversy, and the compilation "The Anthology 1964-1971"
Influence and legacy[edit]
Covered by Peter Perrett on his solo album Woke Up Sticky
American rock band Everybody Else take their name from this song.[8]
The song has been covered by several bands. In 1968 it appeared on The Chocolate Watch Band's second full-length album, The Inner Mystique.
Australian band Jimmy and the Boys and Swedish band The Nomads covered the song.
Chris Spedding recorded the song and used it as the title track for his 1980 album.
Scorched Earth Policy from New Zealand covered and recorded the song in the mid-eighties
Camper Van Beethoven recorded a cover of The Chocolate Watch Band's version, true to their ironic style, covering a cover of a song about being unique. This version first appeared on their compilation album Camper Vantiquities in 1993.
Boss Hog covered the song for the soundtrack to Richard Linklater's 1996 film subUrbia
The Chesterfield Kings covered the song, which was included on their album "Where the Action Is." The Chesterfield Kings covered the Chocolate Watchband version.
Human Drama covered the song on their 1993 album Pinups, itself a tribute album to David Bowie's covers album Pin Ups.
The track, amongst many others, was reworked by the Kinks for their 1996 release To the Bone. This version featured in the Sopranos season five episode "Cold Cuts".[9]
An excerpt of the track has also been used as the base sound for an IBM worldwide TV campaign advertising personalized services.
The 1960s psychedelic garage band The Finchley Boys covered the song on their album Everlasting Tributes. [1]
The Louisiana band, Bas Clas, covered "Like Everybody Else" on one of their original albums.
The Sacred Mushroom also did a cover of this song on their self-titled release in 1969.[10]
The Kinks' To the Bone version was featured most recently in Bobcat Goldthwait's 2011 movie God Bless America.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Egan, Sean (December 1998). "Kinks/Dave Davies Releases". Record Mart & Buyer.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Dave (January 1999). "Comeback Kink". The Guitar Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Maginnis, Tom. "The Kinks: I'm Not Like Everybody Else". AllMusic. AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stock, Steven. "LIVE: Dave Davies @ The Egg, 10/26/15". Nippertown. Nippertown. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bradevansuga, n/a. "Post Eighteen – I'm Not Like Everybody Else…". AllMusic. World Press.com. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ Davies, Ray. "Im Not Like Everybody Else Chords by the Kinks". Ultimate Guitar.com. Ultimate Guitar.com. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Davies, Ray. "I'm Not Like Anybody Else". Lyrics Freak. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Everybody Else at Allmusic
Jump up ^ "Sopranos Episode Guide:Music". Retrieved 2007-09-25.
Jump up ^ "The Sacred Mushroom on Lastfm". Retrieved 2009-11-15.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
The Kinks singles discography
UK and US singles 1960s
1964
"Long Tall Sally"
"You Still Want Me"
"You Really Got Me"
"All Day and All of the Night"
1965
"Tired of Waiting for You"
"Ev'rybody's Gonna Be Happy"
"Set Me Free"
"See My Friends"
"Who'll Be the Next in Line"
"A Well Respected Man"
"Till the End of the Day"
1966
"Dedicated Follower of Fashion"
"Sunny Afternoon"
"Dead End Street"
1967
"Mister Pleasant"
"Waterloo Sunset"
"Death of a Clown" (Dave Davies solo)
"Autumn Almanac"
"Susannah's Still Alive" (Dave Davies solo)
1968
"Wonderboy"
"Days"
"Lincoln County" (Dave Davies solo)
1969
"Starstruck"
"Hold My Hand" (Dave Davies solo)
"Plastic Man"
"Drivin'"
"The Village Green Preservation Society"
"Shangri-La"
"Victoria"
UK and US singles 1970s
1970
"Lola"
"Apeman"
1971
"God's Children"
"20th Century Man"
1972
"Supersonic Rocket Ship"
"Celluloid Heroes"
1973
"One of the Survivors"
"Sitting in the Midday Sun"
"Sweet Lady Genevieve"
"Where Have All the Good Times Gone"
1974
"Money Talks"
"Mirror of Love"
"Mirror of Love" (Band Version)
"Holiday Romance"
"Preservation"
1975
"Everybody's a Star (Starmaker)"
"Ducks on the Wall"
"You Can't Stop the Music"
1976
"I'm in Disgrace"
"No More Looking Back"
1977
"Sleepwalker"
"Juke Box Music"
"Father Christmas"
1978
"A Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy"
"Live Life"
"Black Messiah"
1979
"(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman"
"A Gallon of Gas"
"Catch Me Now I'm Falling"
"Moving Pictures"
"Pressure"
UK and US singles 1980s
1980
"Lola" (live)
"You Really Got Me" (live)
1981
"Better Things"
"Destroyer"
"Predictable"
1982
"Come Dancing"
1983
"Don't Forget to Dance"
1984
"Good Day"
"Do It Again"
1985
"Living on a Thin Line" (Radio Promo only)
"Summer's Gone"
1986
"Rock 'n' Roll Cities"
"How Are You"
1987
"Lost and Found"
1988
"The Road"
1989
"Down All the Days (Till 1992)"
UK and US singles 1990s
1990
"How Do I Get Close"
1993
"Only a Dream"
"Scattered"
Notable Non-UK/US Singles
1966
"Dandy" (Europe)
1969
"Picture Book" (Australia)
"Australia" (Australia)
1983
"State of Confusion" (Germany)
1991
"Did Ya" (Europe)
Other Selected Songs
"Bald Headed Woman"
"Stop Your Sobbing"
"I Need You"
"I Go to Sleep"
"I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
"Big Black Smoke"
"Party Line"
"Rosy Won't You Please Come Home"
"Love Me Till the Sun Shines"
"David Watts"
"Two Sisters"
"Polly"
"She's Got Everything"
"Do You Remember Walter?"
"Johnny Thunder"
"Last of the Steam-Powered Trains"
"Big Sky"
"Sitting by the Riverside"
"Animal Farm"
"Village Green"
"Phenomenal Cat"
"All of My Friends Were There"
"Wicked Annabella"
"Monica"
"People Take Pictures of Each Other"
"Berkeley Mews"
"Mr. Churchill Says"
"Strangers"
"This Time Tomorrow"
"Rats"
"Got to Be Free"
"Have a Cuppa Tea"
"Oklahoma U.S.A."
"Muswell Hillbilly"
"Sitting in My Hotel"
"The Hard Way"
"Life Goes On"
"Misfits"
"Attitude"
"Low Budget"
"Give the People What They Want"
"Heart of Gold"
"Long Distance"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_Not_Like_Everybody_Else&oldid=810731517"
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This page was last edited on 17 November 2017, at 02:34.
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text:
The Sons of Katie Elder
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Sons of Katie Elder
1965 Movie Poster
Directed by
Henry Hathaway
Produced by
Paul Nathan
Hal B. Wallis
Written by
William H. Wright
Allan Weiss
Harry Essex
Based on
a story by Talbot Jennings
Starring
John Wayne
Dean Martin
Martha Hyer
Michael Anderson Jr.
Earl Holliman
George Kennedy
Paul Fix
Jeremy Slate
James Gregory
Dennis Hopper
Music by
Elmer Bernstein
Cinematography
Lucien Ballard
Edited by
Warren Low
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
July 1, 1965 (1965-07-01)
Running time
122 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$6.5 million
Box office
$23 million[1]

The Sons of Katie Elder is a 1965 Technicolor Western Panavision film directed by Henry Hathaway[2] and starring John Wayne and Dean Martin. It was filmed principally in Mexico.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Screenplay
4 Development
5 Shooting
6 Song
7 Legacy
8 Historical basis
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The four adult sons of Katie Elder – John (John Wayne), who is a famous (or infamous) professional gunman; Tom (Dean Martin), a professional gambler; Bud (Michael Anderson, Jr.), the youngest brother, still in school; and Matt (Earl Holliman), an unsuccessful hardware dealer – reunite in their hometown of Clearwater, Texas (approximately 2 hours east of Dallas in northeast Texas), in 1898 for their mother's funeral, sharing regret that none of them has lived up to her high expectations of them.
The townspeople and new deputy sheriff are unfriendly, to the two eldest John and Tom in particular. Katie Elder however was extremely well liked by everyone in the community, who were all aware of her honesty, her poverty and her undying love for the sons who neglected her. The brothers want to do something for Katie's sake, and their plan is to send youngest son Bud to college, raising money through a sale of another man's herd of horses, even though Bud wants to emulate his eldest brother.
Morgan Hastings (James Gregory), a gunsmith and rising entrepreneur, claims ownership of the Elders' rich ranch and house / outbuildings for his Hastings Gun Manufactory, saying he won it from their father in a game of cards; Bass Elder afterwards was shot in the back at night, and the killer is still unknown. Hastings hides a hostile attitude towards the brothers and brings in a hired gun, Curley (George Kennedy). Noting Hasting's suspicious attitude, the Elders begin to suspect foul play upon their return. Hastings claims Bass lost the ranch in a game of Blackjack, so John, in a ruse, states their father wouldn't have been caught dead playing Blackjack poker.
When Hastings learns about the brothers' investigations, he kills the well loved sheriff (Paul Fix) and frames the Elder brothers for the murder. Then, not content with seeing them go to prison, Hastings arranges an ambush while the Elders are being moved chained in a wagon to a nearby different county jail for safety at a wood timbered bridge over a stream in which Matt is killed and Bud seriously injured. Deputy Sheriff Ben Latta (Jeremy Slate) is not part of the conspiracy, but is shot and killed by Hastings when he decides to aid the Elders after seeing he had been fooled. The surviving Elders escape after the bridge is blown and the ambushers flee. Going back to town to get medical help for Bud, John and Tom barricade themselves in Hastings gun smithy foundry shop. Tom manages to sneak around back alleys to kidnap Hasting's weak-willed naive son Dave (Dennis Hopper), although he is seriously injured in the process. Hastings shoots his own boy in an attempt to prevent him from testifying. In the presence of John Elder and the local judge, a wounded Dave manages to relate the tale of his father's crimes before he dies. John takes up arms now vindicated in righteous fury and kills Hastings hiding in his gunsmith shop by shooting up a cask of gunpowder inside his own gun store exploding the building into a fireball.
Cast[edit]
John Wayne as John Elder
Dean Martin as Tom Elder
Martha Hyer as Mary Gordon
Michael Anderson Jr. as Bud Elder
Earl Holliman as Matt Elder
Jeremy Slate as Deputy Sheriff Ben Latta
James Gregory as Morgan Hastings
Paul Fix as Sheriff Billy Wilson
George Kennedy as hired gunfighter Curley
Dennis Hopper as Dave Hastings
Sheldon Allman as Harry Evers
John Litel as the Minister
John Doucette as Hyselman
James Westerfield as horse trader Mr. Vennar
Rhys Williams as Charlie Striker
John Qualen as Charlie Biller
Rodolfo Acosta as Bondie Adams
Strother Martin as Jeb Ross
Percy Helton as Mr. Peevey
Karl Swenson as Doc Isdell
Screenplay[edit]
William H. Wright picked up a copy of Life of the Marlows by Glenn Shirley in a Los Angeles, California, bookstore in around 1953. Thinking that it would make the basis of a good Western, he paid members of the Marlow family $1,000 (about $9146.77 when adjusted for inflation several decades later) each for the rights to make it into a screenplay. But when the movie was made 12 years later, the film's plot had been drastically changed.[3]
Talbot Jennings was credited for the script.[4][5]
Development[edit]
Paramount purchased the story by William Wright and Talbot Jennings in 1955. The story concerned five brothers and centered around a cattle drive from Texas to Colorado. Sam Briskin was assigned as producer.[6] Frank Burt was to write the script, John Sturges was going to direct and Alan Ladd was to star, making a return to Paramount after several years' absence - he still owed Paramount one film left.[7][8]
Noel Langley signed to write a version of the script, and filming was to start in April 1956.[9] However, in July 1956 it was announced that Ladd had bought himself out of his Paramount commitment by paying $135,000, and he would no longer make the film.[10] (Henry Hathaway put this figure at $250,000.)[11]
Film rights were picked up by Hal Wallis, who had a deal with Paramount. In 1959 it was announced that Dean Martin would star.[12] John Sturges was still attached as director.[13] Eventually in 1964 John Wayne was signed to star, with Henry Hathaway to direct.[14]
Shooting[edit]
Filming was due to begin in September 1964, but had to be delayed until January 1965, after Wayne was diagnosed with lung cancer.[15] Following Wayne's surgery to remove a cancerous lung and two ribs, the star insisted on doing his own stunts, and nearly contracted pneumonia after being dragged into a river.
Outdoor locations were filmed in Durango, in northern Mexico, and the opening credits scene as a locomotive travels a narrow stream canyon valley on the famed Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (now a scenic tourist train) near Royal Gorge, Colorado, United States.
Former Disney young star Tommy Kirk was signed for the film, presumably in the role of Bud Elder, but his arrest for being at a party where marijuana was used led to his being fired from the production.[16]
The name "Kate Elder" was one of several names used by Mary Katherine Horony Cummings, better known as "Big Nose Kate", a western icon and sometime companion of dentist / gambler / gunfighter Doc Holliday.
John Wayne and Dean Martin had also starred in Howard Hawks's Rio Bravo six years earlier, one of Martin's earliest dramatic roles after splitting with his longtime comedic partner Jerry Lewis.
Four years later, Henry Hathaway also directed John Wayne in his first Academy Award-winning role of Indian Territory U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn in the original screen version of True Grit (1969). In addition to Wayne, actors Strother Martin, Dennis Hopper, and Jeremy Slate were all cast in that film as well.
Song[edit]
Johnny Cash sang a song in 1965 also called "The Sons of Katie Elder", written by Elmer Bernstein and Ernie Sheldon. The film's background instrumental theme music was also composed by Elmer Bernstein.
Legacy[edit]
The 2005 film Four Brothers was loosely based on The Sons of Katie Elder.
The Malayalam film Big B (2007) is a remake of Four Brothers.
Historical basis[edit]
The film was roughly based on the 1888 true story of the five Marlow Brothers (George H., Boone, Alfred, Lewellyn, and Charles) of Graham, Texas, in Young County, and Marlow, Oklahoma (then Indian Territory).
The city of Marlow, Oklahoma, is named after the Marlow family, including their parents, Dr. Wilburn Williamson Marlow, Sr., and Martha Jane (née Keaton) Marlow. Dr. Marlow was the town's first physician and a prominent citizen. Marlow had previously been a Chisholm Trail rest spot near Wild Horse Creek.[17][18][19] There the Marlows built a dugout home called "Marlow Camp" in 1880. Ten years later, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad came through and built a station on the location, naming it Marlow.[20]
Dr. Wilburn and Martha Marlow had four children in addition to the five brothers: Wilburn Williamson "Willie" Marlow, Jr. (died in Leadville, Colorado, in 1879, where he had been taken to convalesce after contracting malaria in Mexico[21]), Charlotte Murphy, Elizabeth "Eliza" Gilmore, and Nancy Jane "Nannie" Murphy.[22] Dr. Marlow died April 12, 1885.[23][24]
Three of the brothers (Boone, Alfred, and Lewellyn) ended up being killed, although in the film, the brother that had done the real killings (basis for the Dean Martin role) was not with the other four when they were first arrested.[17][18][19]
Boone had earlier killed James Holstein (or Holdson or Holston) in 1882, a man allegedly hired to "intimidate settlers", after an inebriated Holdson began shooting at him on the Gilmore farm near Vernon, Texas, just across the Red River from the Indian Territory (his sister Elizabeth had married into the Gilmore family and the couple had set up a place there).[25][26] This killing seemed to be justified in self-defense, but would be brought up later by John and William Murphy, deputy marshal Edward W. "Ed" Johnson, and Sam Criswell, who were having a personal feud with Boone, and would be witnesses against the brothers.[27]
Boone, Alfred (aka Alf), Lewellyn (aka Epp, Ep, Ellie), and Charles were arrested near the Anadarko Agency headquarters (what became Anadarko, Oklahoma), for stealing 19 horses in the area around Fort Sill. George went to the homestead in Marlow and took the women by wagon to Graham where he was then also arrested. Martha Jane bailed them out and they went to their place in Young County,[17][18][19] a log and clapboard building on the farm of O. G. Denson, fifteen miles southeast of Graham.[28]
Popular sheriff Marion DeKalb Wallace[29] and his deputy Thomas B. "Tom" Collier went out to the Denson farm, December 17, 1888. Before they left Graham they had been drinking and were intoxicated.[30] The Marlows (Charles and his wife, Alfred's wife, Martha, Lewellyn, and Boone Marlow) were sitting down to noon dinner.[31] Boone saw Collier through the window and invited him in for dinner, to which Collier replied, "I'm not hungry." An altercation broke out between Collier and Boone, and without showing their warrant, Collier fired at Boone. As Wallace heard the commotion he came around from the other side of the house and came up behind Collier. Boone, aiming at Collier, shot sheriff Wallace by mistake.[30][32] As Collier and Charles attended to Wallace, Boone left the area. The other four brothers went into town and turned themselves in.
A mob then tried to avenge the sheriff and attacked the jail, January 17, 1889, but the brothers were able to fight off the mob.[17][18][19]
On January 19, 1889 (after dark),[33] the deputy then decided to move the four brothers to Weatherford, Texas, chained together along with two other prisoners (William D. Burkhart and Louis Clift). But the two wagons and one buggy were ambushed along the way at Dry Creek (about two miles from Graham).[19][34] The deputies guarding the brothers ran away, in league with the ambush party.[33][35]
The brothers managed to get some weapons, get to cover, and hold off the attack, but Alfred and Lewellyn were killed. Also killed were three of the mob that attacked the Marlows: Frank Harmison, Sam Criswell, and Bruce Wheeler.[36] George and Charles were both wounded (Charles severely so) but escaped, using Burkhart as a hostage and being aided by Clift, and went to their mother's house on the Denson farm. (About halfway there, they stopped in Finis at a farm house and asked to stay the night, but were refused. George spotted an ax and borrowed it to separate the men from their shackles. As soon Burkhart was free, he ran off).[37] Also wounded were Johnson, Logan, and Clinton "Clint" Rutherford.[36] The Marlows stayed at their mother's home until lawmen came from outside Young County, and then gave themselves up.[19] Deputy U.S. Marshal W. F. Morton of Dallas finally arrived, took them into custody, and transported them, first toward Weatherford and then, fearing another ambush, to Dallas.[35][38]
"This is the first time in the annals of history where unarmed prisoners, shackled together, ever repelled a mob. Such cool courage that preferred to fight against such great odds and die in glorious battle." Judge Andrew Phelps McCormick, 1891.[39]
Boone had gone to stay with his girlfriend and her family, the Harbolts, in the vicinity of Marlow, but the girlfriend's brother, William "G.E." Harbolt, put some poison in the food that his sister took to Boone. William Harbolt had obtained the poison from a Dr. Carter. Harbolt, along with bounty hunters Jim "Martin" Beavers and John E. Derrickson (aka Direkson), shot his dead body for the $1,700 reward offered for his capture ($200 by the State of Texas and $1,500 by Young County), dead or alive.[19][40] An autopsy by Doctor R. N. Price determined that he was already dead when he had been shot, and that he had died of arsenic poisoning.[41] The three men were arrested but released on bail. Harbolt was later shot in the Chickasaw Nation of the Indian Territory and Beavers and Derrickson each received 15-year sentences.[41]
The five Marlow brothers had been falsely accused of stealing horses, and after the shootout that left three dead, George and Charles were finally acquitted in a Dallas trial.[18][19] The two brothers then moved to Colorado and became deputies.
As deputy marshal Ed Johnson was lying wounded at his home, he gave a newspaper interview to the Graham Leader. In the interview, he said that deputy sheriff Eugene Logan had been one of the guards taking the prisoners to Weatherford, and had been wounded in doing so. In fact, Logan had not been one of the guards but one of the men in the ambush party. The insistence that something be done in the edition of January 24 of the Graham Leader, and this slip up by Johnson, started an investigation into the affair by the U.S. marshal for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, William Lewis Cabell. In addition, the U.S. attorney sent an investigator to Young County.[35][42]
Collier, deputy Johnson, David "Dink" Allen, attorney Robert "Bob" Holman, Jack Wilkins, W. R. Benedict, county attorney Phlete A. Martin, deputy tax collector John Levell, constable Marion A. Wallace (the dead sheriff's nephew), Wil Hollis, William Bee Williams, Richard "Dick" Cook, deputy sheriff Eugene Logan, constable Sam Waggoner, Clint Rutherford, and Verna Wilkerson were all charged with conspiring to falsify a case against the Marlow brothers, conspiring to kill the Marlow brothers in an ambush, and murdering Alfred and Lewellyn Marlow while they were in the protective custody of a United States Marshal.[35][43] However, only Cook, Hollis, Levell, Logan, Rutherford, Waggoner, Wallace, Wilkerson, and Williams, went to trial.[44]
John William "Bee" Williams and Thomas B. Collier (typhoid fever) died while in jail in mid-January 1891.[45]
George and Charles were summoned to testify and asked for and received protective custody from U.S. Marshal George A. Knight of Dallas. Additionally, Knight made George a "Special Deputy", while Charles was made an "attached witness".[46] Phlete A. Martin and John Frank Spears (Spears was in jail with the Marlows at the time of the mob attack) both turned state's evidence and testified against the conspirators.[35]
Clinton Rutherford was found not guilty on November 22, 1890, and the court removed Rutherford from the indictment, but bound over Eugene Logan and Verna Wilkerson. Logan, Waggoner, and Wallace were found guilty of conspiracy and not guilty of murder on April 17, 1891, and each sentenced to a $5,000 fine and ten years imprisonment. The other defendants (Cook, Levell, Hollis, and Wilkerson) were found not guilty.[4][35]
The case involving Eugene Logan, William Williams, Verna Wilkerson, and Clinton Rutherford (United States v. Eugene Logan et al.) was separated from the other defendants, and went all the way to the United States Supreme Court. (See Logan v. United States, 144 U.S. 263 (1892), filed March 16, 1891.)
"A citizen of the United States, in the custody of a United States Marshall under a lawful commitment to answer for an offense against the United States, has the right to be protected by the United States against lawless violence; this right is a right secured to him by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and a conspiracy to injure or oppress him in its free exercise or enjoyment is punishable under section 5508 of the Revised Statutes."[35]
The city of Graham had wanted to keep a federal court in their town, but after this incident the federal government denied that request.[47]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1965
John Wayne filmography
Film portal
1960s portal
United States portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Sons of Katie Elder, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Sons of Katie Elder". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Glenn Shirley: The Fighting Marlows, Men Who Wouldn't Be Lynched, Texas Christian University Press, Fort Worth, Texas, 1994. ISBN 0875654045; ISBN 978-0875654041
^ Jump up to: a b Shirley. p. 132.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment p. 6.
Jump up ^ M-G-M TO FINANCE 2 SELZNICK FILMS: Studio Also Will Distribute First Hollywood Ventures of Producer Since 1948 By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] February 10, 1955: 27.
Jump up ^ Ladd to Star in Film of Pioneers' Reunion Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] November 9, 1955: b6.
Jump up ^ SUPPORT VOICED FOR 'TABOO' FILM: 'Man With Golden Arm,' About Narcotics, to Be Released Even if Not Approved By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] November 9, 1955: 41.
Jump up ^ HECHT-LANCASTER OBTAINS 2 NOVELS: Film Company Buys 'Blaze of the Sun' and 'Cry Tough' --Sophia Loren to Star Miss Jones, Gielgud to Co-Star Of Local Origin By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] January 12, 1956: 22.
Jump up ^ TV, MOVIE EXTRAS GET SALARY RISES: New Contract Calls for $2 a Day Increase--Work Week to Be Forty Hours Vidor Plans New Film By OSCAR GODBOUT Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] July 3, 1956: 17.
Jump up ^ Thomas, K. (June 11, 1966). Hathaway in mood to sound off. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/155488171
Jump up ^ Laughs Punctuate 'Mighty Man' Play: Unseen 'Great Lover' Sparks Comedy Starring Nancy Kelly Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] September 30, 1959: A11.
Jump up ^ Of Local Origin, New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] March 2, 1960: 42.
Jump up ^ HARRISON AND LERNER REUNITED: Star, Lyricist to Do New Musical -- Wallis Plans -- Of 'L.S.D.' By A.H. WEILER. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] March 22, 1964: X11.
Jump up ^ 'I've Licked It': JOHN WAYNE SAYS HE HAD CANCER Movie Star Reveals Operation Removed Malignancy in Lung WAYNE CANCER. Bacon, James. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] December 30, 1964: 1.
Jump up ^ p.211 Blunts, Holden The Quotable Stoner: More that 1,100 Baked, Lit-Up, and Zonked-Out Quotes in Tribute to (and as a Result of) Smoking Weed Adams Media, June 4, 2011
^ Jump up to: a b c d Shirley, Glenn (1994). The Fighting Marlows: Men Who Wouldn't Be Lynched. Fort Worth, Texas: Texas Christian University Press. ISBN 978-0-87565-130-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hunnewell, Chris. "Walls will face new challenges when he pins on badge". Graham Leader. December 28, 2004.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h McFarland, Laura. "Search may be over for Marlow family cave". The Oklahoman. July 18, 2004.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 8–9.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 7–8.
Jump up ^ Rathmell, William, and Robert K. DeArment (2004). Life of the Marlows: A True Story of Frontier Life of Early Days. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press. p. vi. ISBN 978-1-57441-179-9.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 18.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment. p. 35.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 13–15.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment. p. 39.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 40.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 38–39.
Jump up ^ org/officer/13777-sheriff-marion-dekalb-wallace Sheriff Marion DeKalb Wallace. Officer Down Memorial Page.
^ Jump up to: a b Rathmell and DeArment. pp. 63–64.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 41.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 43.
^ Jump up to: a b Savage, Cynthia. "MARLOW". Oklahoma Historical Society.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment. p. 87.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Logan v. United States, 144 U.S. 263 (1892)
^ Jump up to: a b Rathmell and DeArment. p. 93.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment. p. 95.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 80–82.
Jump up ^ Painter, Bryan. "Outlaw spirit lives on in Marlow's mascot – The story behind the 'unique history of the community.'". The Oklahoman. September 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ Rathmell and DeArment. pp. 112, 118.
^ Jump up to: a b Shirley. p. 86.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 87.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 113, 120–126.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 127.
Jump up ^ Shirley. p. 123.
Jump up ^ Shirley. pp. 123–124, 126.
Jump up ^ "Graham's federal court lasts 15 years". Graham Leader. September 30, 2003.
External links[edit]
The Sons of Katie Elder on IMDb
The Sons of Katie Elder at Rotten Tomatoes
The Sons of Katie Elder at AllMovie
The Sons of Katie Elder at the TCM Movie Database
The Sons of Katie Elder at the American Film Institute Catalog
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Films directed by Henry Hathaway
Heritage of the Desert (1932)
Wild Horse Mesa (1932)
The Thundering Herd (1933)
Under the Tonto Rim (1933)
Sunset Pass (1933)
Man of the Forest (1933)
To the Last Man (1933)
Come On Marines! (1934)
The Witching Hour (1934)
The Last Round-Up (1934)
Now and Forever (1934)
The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935)
Peter Ibbetson (1935)
I Loved a Soldier (1936)
The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936)
Go West, Young Man (1936)
Souls at Sea (1937)
Spawn of the North (1938)
The Real Glory (1939)
Johnny Apollo (1940)
Brigham Young (1940)
The Shepherd of the Hills (1941)
Sundown (1941)
Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942)
China Girl (1942)
Home in Indiana (1944)
Wing and a Prayer (1944)
Nob Hill (1945)
The House on 92nd Street (1945)
The Dark Corner (1946)
13 Rue Madeleine (1947)
Kiss of Death (1947)
Call Northside 777 (1948)
Down to the Sea in Ships (1949)
The Black Rose (1950)
You're in the Navy Now (1951)
Fourteen Hours (1951)
Rawhide (1951)
The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951)
Diplomatic Courier (1952)
Niagara (1953)
White Witch Doctor (1953)
Prince Valiant (1954)
Garden of Evil (1954)
The Racers (1955)
The Bottom of the Bottle (1956)
23 Paces to Baker Street (1956)
Legend of the Lost (1957)
From Hell to Texas (1958)
Woman Obsessed (1959)
Seven Thieves (1960)
North to Alaska (1960)
How the West Was Won (1962)
Circus World (1964)
The Sons of Katie Elder (1965)
Nevada Smith (1966)
The Last Safari (1967)
5 Card Stud (1968)
True Grit (1969)
Raid on Rommel (1971)
Shoot Out (1971)
Hangup (1974)
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Electronic voting in India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the voting machines used in India. For general information on EVMs, see Electronic voting.
Balloting Unit(left), control unit (right)
control unit
Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and recently in 2017 state elections held in five states across India. EVMs have replaced paper ballots in local, state and general (parliamentary) elections in India. There were earlier claims regarding EVMs' tamparability and security which have not been proved.[1][2][3][4] After rulings of Delhi High Court, Supreme Court[5] and demands from various political parties,[6] Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system.[7] The VVPAT system was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project in Indian general election, 2014.[8]
Contents
1 History
2 Design and technology
3 Procedure to use
4 Benefits
5 Limitations
6 Security issues
7 Voter-verified paper audit trail
8 Exports
9 See also
10 Further reading
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
Further information: Booth capturing
In 1980, M. B. Haneefa invented the first Indian voting machine, gazetted "Electronically operated vote counting machine" (Gazette: 191/Mas/80, 15 October 1980). His original design (using Integrated Circuits) was exhibited to the public in Government Exhibitions held in six cities across Tamil Nadu. The EVMs were commissioned in 1989 by Election Commission of India in collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.[9][10] The Industrial designers of the EVMs were faculty members at the Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay.[11] The EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by-election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala for a limited number of polling stations.[12]
Design and technology[edit]
An EVM consists of two units, control unit and balloting unit. The two units are joined by a five-meter cable. Balloting unit facilitates voting by voter via labelled buttons while control unit controls the ballot units, stores voting counts and displays the results on 7 segment LED displays. The controller used in EVMs has its operating program etched permanently in silicon at the time of manufacturing by the manufacturer. No one (including the manufacturer) can change the program once the controller is manufactured.
EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery [13] manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad. This design enables the use of EVMs throughout the country without interruptions because several parts of India do not have power supply and/or erratic power supply.
An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes and can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates. There is provision for 16 candidates in a single balloting unit and up to a maximum of 4 units can be connected in parallel. The conventional ballot paper/box method of polling is used if the number of candidates exceeds 64. It is not possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and again. As soon as a particular button on the balloting unit is pressed, the vote is recorded for that particular candidate and the machine gets locked. Even if one presses that button further or any other button, no further vote will be recorded. This way the EVMs ensure the principle of "one person, one vote".
Procedure to use[edit]
The control unit is with the presiding officer or a polling officer and the balloting Unit is placed inside the voting compartment. The balloting unit presents the voter with blue buttons (momentary switch) horizontally labelled with corresponding party symbol and candidate names. The Control Unit on the other hand provides the officer in-charge with a "Ballot" marked button to proceed to the next voter, instead of issuing a ballot paper to them. This activates the ballot unit for a single vote from the next voter in queue. The voter has to cast his vote by once pressing the blue button on the balloting unit against the candidate and symbol of his choice.
As soon as the last voter has voted, the Polling Officer in-charge of the Control Unit will press the 'Close' Button. Thereafter, the EVM will not accept any votes. Further, after the close of poll, the Balloting Unit is disconnected from the Control Unit and kept separately. Votes can be recorded only through the Balloting Unit. Again the Presiding officer, at the close of the poll, will hand over to each polling agent present an account of votes recorded. At the time of counting of votes, the total will be tallied with this account and if there is any discrepancy, this will be pointed out by the Counting Agents. During the counting of votes, the results are displayed by pressing the 'Result' button. There are two safeguards to prevent the 'Result' button from being pressed before the counting of votes officially begins. (a) This button cannot be pressed till the 'Close' button is pressed by the Polling Officer in-charge at the end of the voting process in the polling booth. (b) This button is hidden and sealed; this can be broken only at the counting center in the presence of designated office.
Benefits[edit]
The cost per EVM was ₹5,500 (equivalent to ₹42,000 or US$610 in 2017) at the time the machines were purchased in 1989–90. The cost was estimated to be ₹10,500 (equivalent to ₹12,000 or US$170 in 2017) per unit as per an additional order issued in 2014[14]. Even though the initial investment was heavy, it has since been expected to save costs of production and printing of crores of ballot papers, their transportation and storage, substantial reduction in the counting staff and the remuneration paid to them. For each national election, it is estimated that about 10,000 tonnes of ballot paper is saved. EVMs are easier to transport compared to ballot boxes as they are lighter, more portable, and come with polypropylene carrying cases. Vote counting is also faster. In places where illiteracy is a factor, illiterate people find EVMs easier than ballot paper system. Bogus voting is greatly reduced as the vote is recorded only once. The unit can store the result in its memory before it is erased manually. The battery is required only to activate the EVMs at the time of polling and counting and as soon as the polling is over, the battery can be switched off. The shelf life of Indian EVMs is estimated at 15 years[15].
Limitations[edit]
Main article: Totaliser
A candidate can know how many people from a polling station voted for him. This is a significant issue particularly if lop-sided votes for/against a candidate are cast in individual polling stations and the winning candidate might show favoritism or hold grudge on specific areas. The Election Commission of India has stated that the manufacturers of the EVMs have developed a Totaliser unit which can connect several balloting units and would display only the overall results from an Assembly or a Lok Sabha constituency instead of votes from individual polling stations.[16][17]
The control units do not electronically transmit their results back to the Election Commission, even though a simple and unconditionally secure protocol for doing this exists. The Indian EVMs are purposely designed as stand-alone units to prevent any intrusion during electronic transmission of results. Instead, the EVMs are collected in counting booths and tallied on the assigned counting day(s) in the presence of polling agents of the candidates.
Security issues[edit]
An international conference on the Indian EVMs and its tamperability of the said machines was held under the chairmanship of Subramanian Swamy, President of the Janata Party and former Union Cabinet Minister for Law, Commerce and Justice at Chennai on 13 February 2010. The conclusion was that the Election Commission of India was shirking its responsibility on the transparency in the working of the EVMs.[18] In April 2010, an independent security analysis[1] was released by a research team led by Hari Prasad, Rop Gonggrijp, and J. Alex Halderman. The study included video demonstrations[2] of two attacks that the researchers carried out on a real EVM, as well as descriptions of several other potential vulnerabilities[4][19]
In order to mitigate these threats, the researchers suggest moving to a voting system that provides greater transparency, such as paper ballots, precinct count optical scan, or a voter verified paper audit trail, since, in any of these systems, sceptical voters could, in principle, observe the physical counting process to gain confidence that the outcome is fair.[20] But Election Commission of India points out that for such tampering of the EVMs, one needs physical access to EVMs, and pretty high tech skills are required. Given that EVMs are stored under strict security which can be monitored by candidates or their agents all the time, its impossible to gain physical access to the machines. Plus, to impact the results of an election, hundreds to thousands of machines will be needed to tamper with, which is almost impossible given the hi-tech and time consuming nature of the tampering process.[21][22]
On 25 July 2011, responding to a PIL (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 312 of 2011), Supreme Court of India asked EC to consider request to modify EVMs and respond within 3 months. The petitioner Rajendra Satyanarayan Gilda had alleged that EC has failed to take any decision despite his repeated representation. The petitioner suggested that the EVMs should be modified to give a slip printed with the symbol of the party in whose favour the voter cast his ballot.[5][23][24][25]
On 17 January 2012, Delhi High Court in its ruling on Dr. Subramanian Swamy's Writ Petition (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 11879 of 2009) challenging the use of EVMs in the present form said that EVMs are not "tamper-proof". Further, it said that it is "difficult" to issue any directions to the EC in this regard. However, the court added that the EC should itself hold wider consultations with the executive, political parties and other stake holders on the matter.[26][27]
Swamy appealed against Delhi High Court's refusal to order a VVPAT system in Supreme Court. On 27 September 2012, Election Commission's advocate Ashok Desai submitted to a Supreme Court bench of Justice P Sathasivam and Justice Ranjan Gogoi that field trial for VVPAT system is in progress and that a status report will be submitted by early January 2013. Desai said that on pressing of each vote, a paper receipt will be printed, which will be visible to the voters inside a glass but cannot be taken out of the machine. Dr Swamy said that the new system was acceptable to him.
The Supreme Court posted the matter for further hearing to 22 January 2013[28][29] and on 8 October 2013, it delivered a verdict, that the Election Commission of India will use VVPAT[30].
Another similar writ petition filed by the Asom Gana Parishad is still pending before the Gauhati High Court.[31]
Voter-verified paper audit trail[edit]
Further information: Voter-verified paper audit trail
On 8 October 2010 Election Commission appointed an expert technical committee headed by Prof PV Indiresan (former Director of IIT-M) when at an all-party meeting majority of political parties backed the proposal to have a VVPAT in EVMs to counter the charges of tampering. The committee was tasked to examine the possibility of introduction of a paper trail so that voters can get a printout that will show symbol of the party to which the vote was cast.[6] After studying the issue, the committee recommended introduction of VVPAT system.[32]
On 21 June 2011, Election Commission accepted Indiresan committee's recommendations and decided to conduct field trials of the system.[33] On 26 July 2011, field trials of the VVPAT system were conducted at Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, Cherrapunjee in Meghalaya, East Delhi in Delhi and Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.[34][35]
Just two days after Delhi High Court judgement saying EVMs are not "tamper-proof", Election Commission on 19 January 2012 ordered Electronics Corporation of India Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) to make EVMs that will generate a "paper trail" of the vote cast. BEL CMD Anil Kumar said: "The new EVMs' paper trail should make the poll process safer and tamper-proof. EC has given us its requirement for EVMs and work is on to incorporate new features. The EVM software will be modified and a printer attached to it. When you cast a vote, the serial number and some data will be generated as a printout. It is to ensure that there is no malpractice in the voting system." It appears that, when the voter presses the button for the candidate of his choice in the EVM, a paper ballot with the serial number, name and symbol of the candidate will be printed.[36] The printouts will be used later to cross-check the voting data stored in the EVMs. Talking about other features in new EVMs, he said the machines will be more rugged and smaller in size but with more computing power.[7][37]
The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip,[38] was introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary constituencies as a pilot project.[8][39][40][41] VVPAT is implemented in Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram constituencies.[42][43][44][45][46][47] Voter-verified paper audit trail was first used in an election in India in September 2013 in Noksen (Assembly Constituency) in Nagaland.[48][49]
On 8 October 2013, Supreme Court of India delivered its verdict on Subramanian Swamy's PIL, that Election Commission of India will use VVPAT along with EVMs in a phased manner and the full completion should be achieved by 2019.[50][51][52][53][30] Waman Meshram president of BAMCEF filed PIL in Supreme Court against Election Commission accusing it of contempt of court by not following Supreme Court's verdict of compulsory use of vvpat. In June 2018, Election Commission of India decided that all VVPATs will have a built-in-hood to prevent it from excess light and heat.[54]
Exports[edit]
Nepal, Bhutan, Namibia and Kenya have purchased India-manufactured EVMs. Fiji was expected to use Indian EVMs in its elections in 2014. In 2013, the Election Commission of Namibia acquired 1700 control units and 3500 ballot units from India's Bharat Electronics Limited; these units will be used in the regional and presidential elections in 2014.[55] Several other Asian and African countries are reportedly interested in using them as well.[56]
See also[edit]
Voting machine
Electoral fraud
None of the above
Further reading[edit]
Delhi HC judgement saying EVMs are not foolproof dated 17 Jan 2012, accessed 6 July 2012
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Scott Wolchok, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman, Hari K. Prasad, Arun Kankipati, Sai Krishna Sakhamuri, Vasavya Yagati, and Rop Gonggrijp (October 2010). Security Analysis of India's Electronic Voting Machines (PDF). 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b IndiaEVM.org Security Analysis of India's Electronic Voting Machines
Jump up ^ "CPI(M), JD(S) back Advani on EVM manipulation issue". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 July 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Electronic Voting Machine: Excellent tool of manipulation". 17 December 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "SC asks EC to consider request to modify EVMs". The Times Of India. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b RAKESH RANJAN (15 December 2011). "Delhi HC to decide on EVMs". The Pioneer. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "New EVMs to have paper trail". The Times of India. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-evm-paper-trail-introduced-in-8-of-543-constituencies-1982463
Jump up ^ Tamil writer Sujatha is dead
Jump up ^ "A tribute to technology and technologists".
Jump up ^ http://www.idc.iitb.ac.in/index.html
Jump up ^ "Electronic Voting Machine, Chapter 39,Reference handbook, Election commission of India". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2010-09-01. Used in Hazaribagh District.
Jump up ^ http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/evm.aspx
Jump up ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/electronics-corp-bharat-electronics-get-evm-contracts/
Jump up ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/shelf-life-of-50-evms-ending-have-to-buy-14-lakh-for-2019-ec/
Jump up ^ "New counting method for Assembly polls".
Jump up ^ "Know Your Electronic Voting Machine" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-01.
Jump up ^ "Swamy for expert panel on secure EVMs". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Swamy for expert panel on secure EVMs". Retrieved 8 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "It takes a heck of a lot to hack an EVM".
Jump up ^ "EVMs cannot be tampered: K J Rao". Indian Express. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
Jump up ^ Lakshman, Narayan (10 August 2010). "Hot debate over Electronic Voting Machines". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
Jump up ^ "SC order on EVM". Supreme Court of India. 25 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "SC seeks EC reply on EVM modification". 25 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Do EVMs need modification? SC asks EC to decide in 3 weeks". 25 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "EVMs not tamper-proof, but no paper trail: Delhi HC". The Times of India. 17 Jan 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "EVMs not tamper-proof: Delhi HC". 18 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Field trial of new EVMs with paper trail under way: ECI informs SC". Law et al. 27 September 2012. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court hearing in Special Leave to Appeal (Civil) No(s).13735/2012". New Delhi: Supreme Court of India. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/supreme-court-asks-election-commission-to-introduce-paper-trail-in-evms/1/313629.html
Jump up ^ "EC buys time on paper trail". telegraphindia.com. Calcutta, India. 5 December 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "EVM with paper trail to be tested in 200 places". The Times of India. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Election Commission to introduce EVM and VVPAT system for more transparent electronic voting". The Economic Times. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "New voting machines found perfect: Election Commission". Kolkata News. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "New Voting Machines Found Perfect: EC". daijiworld.com. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Election Commission tests a paper trail for electronic voting". livemint.com. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "New EVMs to have paper trail: BEL". FirstPost.com. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ India devises flawless ballot mechanism Archived 3 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/ls-polls-voters-to-get-automated-receipts-at-gandhinagar-114042901134_1.html
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/vvpat-machine-to-be-on-demonstration-for-10-days/article5868161.ece
Jump up ^ http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/vvpat-to-be-introduced-in-jadavpur-constituency-35049.html
Jump up ^ 8 seats having VVPAT facility
Jump up ^ "VVPAT, a revolutionary step in voting transparency". DNA. 2014-04-27. Retrieved 2014-04-27.
Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Patna-Sahib-electorate-can-see-who-they-voted-for/articleshow/33351551.cms
Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/EVM-slip-will-help-verify-your-vote/articleshow/34304320.cms
Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/400-EVMs-on-standby-for-Patna-Sahib-Pataliputra/articleshow/33836327.cms
Jump up ^ http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/VVPAT-to-Debut-in-B%E2%80%99lore-South/2014/04/04/article2148837.ece
Jump up ^ "Nagaland first to use VVPAT device for voting".
Jump up ^ "India devises flawless ballot mechanism". Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Oct 2013 VVPAT verdict
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/elections-2014-sc-directive-to-ec-for-paper-trail-in-evms/article5213604.ece
Jump up ^ http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/news/42718349_1_vvpat-evms-election-commission
Jump up ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ec-to-seek-about-rs-2-000-crore-for-vvpat-system/article1-1148899.aspx
Jump up ^ "All VVPATs in 2019 to come with hood to keep light at bay".
Jump up ^ "ECN unveils 'tamper-free' voting machines". Nambian Sun. 2013-07-05.
Jump up ^ Tiwari, Rajnish; Herstatt, Cornelius (January 2012). "India – A Lead Market for Frugal Innovations? Extending the Lead Market Theory to Emerging Economies" (pdf). Hamburg University of Technology. p. 18. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
http://www.criticbrain.com/articles/exclusive-sc-issues-contempt-notice-to-eci
External links[edit]
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EVM page on Election Commission of India website
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text:
Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)
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"Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)"
Single by Simple Plan
from the album Still Not Getting Any...
Released
April 1, 2005
Format
CD single
Recorded
2004
Length
4:00
Label
Lava
Songwriter(s)
Pierre Bouvier, Chuck Comeau
Producer(s)
Bob Rock
Simple Plan singles chronology
"Shut Up!"
(2005) "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)"
(2005) "Crazy"
(2005)
"Shut Up!"
(2005) "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)"
(2005) "Crazy"
(2005)
"Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)" is a song by Canadian rock band Simple Plan. It was released in April 2005 as the third single from their second studio album, Still Not Getting Any.... The song's official title, when the CD was released, was simply "Untitled".
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Live performances
3 Track listing
4 In other media
5 Charts
6 Certifications
7 References
8 External links
Music video[edit]
The music video of this song tells a story of a car accident on a rainy evening where a young male drunk driver crashed his sedan head-on into a Trans Am driven by a female, resulting in her death. The drunk driver, however, survives relatively uninjured, and ends up captured by the FBI and BATF. The video was filmed near the famous tunnel in Griffith Park.
The video also shows the victim's family doing things such as: her brother is seen playing video games in his bedroom, her sister is doing her homework in her bedroom, their mom is in her house's kitchen washing dishes and their dad is working in his office. Then abruptly just as the two cars collide, the entire family is violently thrown into the walls surrounding them as the boy falls out of his bedroom window and the dad lands on his computer. In a joint letter with MADD, Simple Plan explained the events in the video:[1]
“ This song is a very personal look at what happens when tragedy hits close to home and we wanted to make a video that was as powerful and as special as the song was to the five of us.
Over the last few years, a lot of people we know have been involved in tragic accidents caused by drinking and driving. One of the students at our high-school crashed his car driving back from a weekend trip and killed his best friend. It was a very sad time that none of us will ever forget.
This is the story we wanted to tell with this video: the story of all the innocent victims caused by drinking and driving. We hope you will take the time to watch the video. Thanks for all your support.
”
Live performances[edit]
When performed live, the guitar solo in the middle of the song is performed by Bouvier. Lead guitarist Jeff Stinco plays a semi-acoustic guitar until the end of the solo, while rhythm guitarist Sébastien Lefebvre and drummer Chuck Comeau come in at the beginning of the solo. Bassist David Desrosiers' main role is backing vocals, with his bass taking a backseat until Bouvier's solo and the final chorus. Stinco also plays a second solo as the song fades out.
Track listing[edit]
"How Could This Happen to Me?" - 3:28
"Welcome to My Life" (Live) - 4:13
"Jump" (Live) - 3:48
In other media[edit]
The song has since been used in Mothers Against Drunk Driving anti-drunk driving campaigns,[2] and in the fourth season episode of Smallville called "Recruit".
Charts[edit]
Chart (2005–06)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[3] 9
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[4] 17
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[5] 52
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[6] 36
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[7] 20
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[8] 3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[9] 7
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[10] 183
US Billboard Hot 100[11] 49
US Billboard Adult Top 40[12] 26
US Billboard Mainstream Top 40[13] 16
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[14]
Gold 35,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[15]
Gold 10,000^
Sweden (GLF)[16]
Gold 10,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simple Plan Fight Drunk Driving With MADD
Jump up ^ Simple Plan Team Up With MADD For Anti-Drunk Driving Campaign
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Simple Plan – Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Simple Plan – Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)" (in Dutch). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 200626 into search.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Simple Plan" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Simple Plan – Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Simple Plan – Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Simple Plan – Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ Chart Log UK
Jump up ^ #49 in the US
Jump up ^ "Simple Plan Chart History - Billboard". Billboard. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Simple Plan Chart History - Billboard". Billboard. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Simple Plan – Untitled". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 2007" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
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e
Simple Plan
Pierre Bouvier
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Jeff Stinco
Sébastien Lefebvre
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Categories:
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