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BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
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BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor
Awarded for
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role
Location
United Kingdom
Presented by
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
Currently held by
Sam Rockwell for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)
Website
http://www.bafta.org/
Best Actor in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film. Actors of all nationalities are eligible to receive the award.
Notes:
† – indicates the performance also won the Academy Award
‡ – indicates the performance was also nominated for the Academy Award
Contents
[hide]
1 Winner and nominees
1.1 1960s
1.2 1970s
1.3 1980s
1.4 1990s
1.5 2000s
1.6 2010s
2 Multiple nominations
3 Multiple wins
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Winner and nominees[edit]
Laurence Olivier won in 1969 for his role in Oh! What a Lovely War
Denholm Elliott won three times consecutive for Trading Places, A Private Function and Defence of the Realm in 1983, 1984 and 1985, respectively
Benicio del Toro won for his role in 2000's Traffic
Jim Broadbent won for his performance in Moulin Rouge! (2001)
Christopher Walken won for his performance in Catch Me If You Can (2002)
Javier Bardem won for his performance in No Country for Old Men (2007)
Heath Ledger won posthumously for his role as The Joker in The Dark Knight (2008) and also the first win for portraying a comic book character[1]
Christoph Waltz won twice for his roles in Inglourious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012)
At age 82, Christopher Plummer became the oldest acting Oscar winner for his performance in Beginners (2011)
J. K. Simmons won for his role in Whiplash (2014)
Mark Rylance won for portraying Rudolf Abel in Bridge of Spies (2015)
Dev Patel won for his performance as Saroo Brierley in Lion (2016)
Sam Rockwell won for his performance as Jason Dixon in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri(2017)
1960s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
Ref.
1968
22nd
Ian Holm The Bofors Gun Flynn [2]
Anthony Hopkins The Lion in Winter King Richard I [3]
John McEnery Romeo and Juliet Mercutio
George Segal No Way to Treat a Lady Morris Brummel [4]
1969
23rd
Laurence Olivier Oh! What a Lovely War John French [5][6][7][8]
Jack Klugman Goodbye, Columbus Ben Patimkin
Jack Nicholson Easy Rider George Hanson ‡ [9][10][11]
Robert Vaughn Bullitt Chalmers
1970s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
1970
24th
Colin Welland Kes Mr Farthing
Bernard Cribbins The Railway Children Albert Perks
John Mills Ryan's Daughter Michael †
Gig Young They Shoot Horses, Don't They? Rocky †
1971
25th
Edward Fox The Go-Between Hugh Trimingham
Michael Gough The Go-Between Mr Maudsley
Ian Hendry Get Carter Eric Paice
John Hurt 10 Rillington Place Timothy Evans
1972
26th
Ben Johnson The Last Picture Show Sam the Lion †
Max Adrian (posthumous) The Boy Friend Mr Max / Lord Hubert Brockhurst
Robert Duvall The Godfather Tom Hagen ‡
Ralph Richardson Lady Caroline Lamb George IV of the United Kingdom
1973
27th
Arthur Lowe O Lucky Man! Mr Duff / Charlie Johnson / Dr Munda
Ian Bannen The Offence Kenneth Baxter
Denholm Elliott A Doll's House Nils Krogstad
Michael Lonsdale The Day of the Jackal Lebel
1974
28th
John Gielgud Murder on the Orient Express Mr Beddoes
Adam Faith Stardust Mike Menary
John Huston Chinatown Noah Cross
Randy Quaid The Last Detail Seaman Larry Meadows ‡
1975
29th
Fred Astaire The Towering Inferno Harlee Claiborne ‡
Martin Balsam The Taking of Pelham One Two Three Harold Longman
Burgess Meredith The Day of the Locust Harry Greener ‡
Jack Warden Shampoo Lester Carp ‡
1976
30th
Brad Dourif One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Billy Bibbit ‡
Martin Balsam All the President's Men Howard Simons
Michael Hordern The Slipper and the Rose The King
Jason Robards All the President's Men Ben Bradlee †
1977
31st
Edward Fox A Bridge Too Far Brian Horrocks
Colin Blakely Equus Frank Strang
Robert Duvall Network Frank Hackett
Zero Mostel The Front Hecky Brown
1978
32nd
John Hurt Midnight Express Max ‡
Gene Hackman Superman Lex Luthor
Jason Robards Julia Dashiell Hammett †
François Truffaut Close Encounters of the Third Kind Claude Lacombe
1979
33rd
Robert Duvall Apocalypse Now Bill Kilgore ‡
Denholm Elliott Saint Jack William Leigh
John Hurt Alien Kane
Christopher Walken The Deer Hunter Nikanor "Nick" Chevotarevich †
1980s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
1981
35th
Ian Holm Chariots of Fire Sam Mussabini ‡
Denholm Elliott Raiders of the Lost Ark Marcus Brody
John Gielgud Arthur Hobson †
Nigel Havers Chariots of Fire Andrew Lindsay
1982
36th
Jack Nicholson Reds Eugene O'Neill ‡
Frank Finlay The Return of the Soldier William Grey
Edward Fox Gandhi Reginald Dyer
Roshan Seth Jawaharlal Nehru
1983
37th
Denholm Elliott Trading Places Coleman
Bob Hoskins The Honorary Consul Colonel Perez
Burt Lancaster Local Hero Felix Happer
Jerry Lewis The King of Comedy Jerry Langford
1984
38th
Denholm Elliott A Private Function Charles Swaby
Michael Elphick Gorky Park Pasha
Ian Holm Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes Phillippe D'Arnot
Ralph Richardson The Earl of Greystoke ‡
1985
39th
Denholm Elliott Defence of the Realm Vernon Bayliss
James Fox A Passage to India Richard Fielding
John Gielgud Plenty Leonard Darwin
Saeed Jaffrey My Beautiful Laundrette Nasser
1986
40th
Ray McAnally The Mission Altamirano
Klaus Maria Brandauer Out of Africa Bror Blixen ‡
Simon Callow A Room with a View Arthur Beebe
Denholm Elliott Mr. Emerson
1987
41st
Daniel Auteuil Jean de Florette Ugolin
Ian Bannen Hope and Glory Grandfather George
Sean Connery The Untouchables Jimmy Malone †
John Thaw Cry Freedom Kruger
1988
42nd
Michael Palin A Fish Called Wanda Ken Pile
Joss Ackland White Mischief Jock Delves Broughton
Peter O'Toole The Last Emperor Reginald Johnston
David Suchet A World Apart Muller
1989
43rd
Ray McAnally My Left Foot Mr. Brown
Marlon Brando A Dry White Season Ian McKenzie ‡
Sean Connery Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Henry Jones, Sr.
Jack Nicholson Batman The Joker
1990s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
1990
44th
Salvatore Cascio Cinema Paradiso (Nuovo cinema Paradiso) Salvatore Di Vita (child)
Alan Alda Crimes and Misdemeanors Lester
John Hurt The Field Bird O'Donnell
Al Pacino Dick Tracy Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice ‡
1991
45th
Alan Rickman Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Sheriff of Nottingham
Alan Bates Hamlet Claudius
Derek Jacobi Dead Again Franklyn Madson
Andrew Strong The Commitments Deco Cuffe
1992
46th
Gene Hackman Unforgiven Little Bill Daggett †
Jaye Davidson ‡ The Crying Game Dil
Tommy Lee Jones JFK Clay Shaw ‡
Samuel West Howards End Leonard Bast
1993
47th
Ralph Fiennes Schindler's List Amon Göth ‡
Ben Kingsley Schindler's List Itzhak Stern
John Malkovich In the Line of Fire Mitch Leary ‡
Tommy Lee Jones The Fugitive Deputy U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard †
1994
48th
Samuel L. Jackson Pulp Fiction Jules Winnfield ‡
Simon Callow Four Weddings and a Funeral Gareth
John Hannah Matthew
Paul Scofield Quiz Show Mark Van Doren ‡
1995
49th
Tim Roth Rob Roy Archibald Cunningham ‡
Ian Holm The Madness of King George Dr. Willis
Martin Landau Ed Wood Bela Lugosi †
Alan Rickman Sense and Sensibility Christopher Brandon
1996
50th
Paul Scofield The Crucible Thomas Danforth
John Gielgud Shine Cecil Parkes
Edward Norton Primal Fear Aaron Stampler ‡
Alan Rickman Michael Collins Éamon de Valera
1997
51st
Tom Wilkinson The Full Monty Gerald
Mark Addy The Full Monty Dave
Rupert Everett My Best Friend's Wedding George Downes
Burt Reynolds Boogie Nights Jack Horner ‡
1998
52nd
Geoffrey Rush Elizabeth Frances Walsingham
Ed Harris The Truman Show Christof ‡
Geoffrey Rush Shakespeare In Love Philip Henslowe ‡
Tom Wilkinson Hugh Fennyman
1999
53rd
Jude Law The Talented Mr. Ripley Dickie Greenleaf ‡
Wes Bentley American Beauty Ricky Fitts
Michael Caine The Cider House Rules Wilbur Larch †
Rhys Ifans Notting Hill Spike
Timothy Spall Topsy-Turvy Richard Temple
2000s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
2000
54th
Benicio del Toro Traffic Javier Rodriguez †
Albert Finney Erin Brockovich Edward L. Masry ‡
Gary Lewis Billy Elliot Jackie Elliot
Joaquin Phoenix Gladiator Commodus ‡
Oliver Reed (posthumous) Proximo
2001
55th
Jim Broadbent Moulin Rouge! Harold Zidler
Hugh Bonneville Iris John Bayley (Young)
Robbie Coltrane Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Rubeus Hagrid
Colin Firth Bridget Jones's Diary Mark Darcy
Eddie Murphy Shrek Donkey *
* To date, Murphy is the only performer nominated for a BAFTA Award for a voiceover performance
2002
56th
Christopher Walken Catch Me If You Can Frank Abagnale, Sr. ‡
Chris Cooper Adaptation. John Laroche †
Ed Harris The Hours Richard Brown ‡
Alfred Molina Frida Diego Rivera
Paul Newman Road to Perdition John Rooney ‡
2003
57th
Bill Nighy Love Actually Billy Mack
Paul Bettany Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World Dr. Stephen Maturin
Albert Finney Big Fish Ed Bloom (Old)
Ian McKellen The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Gandalf
Tim Robbins Mystic River Dave Boyle †
2004
58th
Clive Owen Closer Larry Gray ‡
Alan Alda The Aviator Owen Brewster ‡
Phil Davis Vera Drake Stanley Drake
Jamie Foxx Collateral Max Durocher ‡
Rodrigo de la Serna The Motorcycle Diaries (Diarios de motocicleta) Alberto Granado
2005
59th
Jake Gyllenhaal Brokeback Mountain Jack Twist ‡
Don Cheadle Crash Det. Graham Waters
George Clooney Good Night, and Good Luck. Fred W. Friendly
Syriana Bob Barnes †
Matt Dillon Crash Sgt. John Ryan ‡
2006
60th
Alan Arkin Little Miss Sunshine Edwin Hoover †
James McAvoy The Last King of Scotland Nicholas Garrigan
Jack Nicholson The Departed Frank Costello
Leslie Phillips Venus Ian Brooks
Michael Sheen The Queen Tony Blair
2007
61st
Javier Bardem No Country for Old Men Anton Chigurh †
Paul Dano There Will Be Blood Eli Sunday / Paul Sunday
Philip Seymour Hoffman Charlie Wilson's War Gust Avrakotos ‡
Tommy Lee Jones No Country for Old Men Sheriff Ed Tom Bell
Tom Wilkinson Michael Clayton Arthur Edens ‡
2008
62nd
Heath Ledger (posthumous) The Dark Knight The Joker †
Robert Downey Jr. Tropic Thunder Kirk Lazarus ‡
Brendan Gleeson In Bruges Ken Daley
Philip Seymour Hoffman Doubt Father Brendan Flynn ‡
Brad Pitt Burn After Reading Chad Feldheimer
2009
63rd
Christoph Waltz Inglourious Basterds Col. Hans Landa †
Alec Baldwin It's Complicated Jacob Adler
Christian McKay Me and Orson Welles Orson Welles
Alfred Molina An Education Jack Miller
Stanley Tucci The Lovely Bones George Harvey ‡
2010s[edit]
Year
Actor
Film
Role(s)
Ref.
2010
64th
Geoffrey Rush The King's Speech Lionel Logue ‡
Christian Bale The Fighter Dicky Eklund †
Andrew Garfield The Social Network Eduardo Saverin
Pete Postlethwaite (posthumous) The Town Fergus "Fergie" Colm
Mark Ruffalo The Kids Are All Right Paul Hatfield ‡
2011
65th
Christopher Plummer Beginners Hal Fields †
Kenneth Branagh My Week with Marilyn Laurence Olivier ‡
Jim Broadbent The Iron Lady Denis Thatcher
Jonah Hill Moneyball Peter Brand ‡
Philip Seymour Hoffman The Ides of March Paul Zara
2012
66th
Christoph Waltz Django Unchained Dr. King Schultz †
Alan Arkin Argo Lester Siegel ‡
Javier Bardem Skyfall Raoul Silva
Philip Seymour Hoffman The Master Lancaster Dodd ‡
Tommy Lee Jones Lincoln Thaddeus Stevens ‡
2013
67th
Barkhad Abdi Captain Phillips Abduwali Muse ‡ [12][13]
Daniel Brühl Rush Niki Lauda
Bradley Cooper American Hustle Richard "Richie" DiMaso ‡
Matt Damon Behind the Candelabra Scott Thorson
Michael Fassbender 12 Years a Slave Edwin Epps ‡
2014
68th
J. K. Simmons Whiplash Terrence Fletcher †
Steve Carell Foxcatcher John du Pont ‡ (in Best Actor)
Ethan Hawke Boyhood Mason Evans Sr. ‡
Edward Norton Birdman Mike Shiner ‡
Mark Ruffalo Foxcatcher David Schultz ‡
2015
69th
Mark Rylance Bridge of Spies Rudolf Abel †
Christian Bale The Big Short Michael Burry ‡
Benicio del Toro Sicario Alejandro Gillick
Idris Elba Beasts of No Nation The Commandant
Mark Ruffalo Spotlight Michael Rezendes ‡
2016
70th
Dev Patel Lion Saroo Brierley ‡
Mahershala Ali Moonlight Juan †
Jeff Bridges Hell or High Water Marcus Hamilton ‡
Hugh Grant Florence Foster Jenkins St. Clair Bayfield
Aaron Taylor-Johnson Nocturnal Animals Ray Marcus
2017
71st
Sam Rockwell Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Jason Dixon †
Willem Dafoe The Florida Project Bobby Hicks ‡
Hugh Grant Paddington 2 Phoenix Buchanan
Woody Harrelson Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Bill Willoughby ‡
Christopher Plummer All the Money in the World J. Paul Getty ‡
Note: No award for Best Supporting Actor or Best Supporting Actress was presented in 1980. In 1981, the award was for Best Supporting Artist. All four nominees were male.
Multiple nominations[edit]
7 nominations
Denholm Elliott
4 nominations
John Gielgud
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Ian Holm
John Hurt
Tommy Lee Jones
Jack Nicholson
3 nominations
Robert Duvall
Edward Fox
Alan Rickman
Mark Ruffalo
Geoffrey Rush
Tom Wilkinson
2 nominations
Alan Alda
Alan Arkin
Christian Bale
Martin Balsam
Ian Bannen
Javier Bardem
Jim Broadbent
Simon Callow
George Clooney
Sean Connery
Benicio del Toro
Albert Finney
Hugh Grant
Gene Hackman
Ed Harris
Ray McAnally
Alfred Molina
Edward Norton
Christopher Plummer
Ralph Richardson
Jason Robards
Paul Scofield
Christopher Walken
Christoph Waltz
Multiple wins[edit]
3 wins
Denholm Elliott (consecutive)
2 wins
Edward Fox
Ian Holm
Ray McAnally
Geoffrey Rush
Christoph Waltz
See also[edit]
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Guldbagge Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kinn, Gail; Piazza, Jim (2014). The Academy Awards: The Complete Unofficial History (5 ed.). New York, United States: Workman Publishing Company. p. 345. ISBN 978-1-57912-986-6.
Jump up ^ Holm, Ian; Jacobi, Steven (2004). "Ian Holm: A Select CV". Acting My Life. Bantam Books. p. 327. ISBN 9780593052143.
Jump up ^ Green, Matt. Celebrity Biographies - The Amazing Life of Sir Anthony Hopkins - Famous Actors.
Jump up ^ O'Neill, William L. (January 1, 2003). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: M-Z. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 406. ISBN 9780684312224.
Jump up ^ Mayer, Geoff (2003). Guide to British Cinema. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 295. ISBN 9780313303074.
Jump up ^ Block, Maxine; Rothe, Anna Herthe; Candee, Marjorie Dent; Moritz, Charles (2002). Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 238.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Clifford; Wilson, H. W. (2002). Current Biography Yearbook, 2003. H.W. Wilson Company. p. 238. ISBN 9780824210267.
Jump up ^ Sight and Sound. British Film Institute. 2006.
Jump up ^ Karli, Shaun R. (2012). Becoming Jack Nicholson: The Masculine Persona from Easy Rider to The Shining. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 184. ISBN 9780810885981.
Jump up ^ Gritten, David (2008). The Movies That Matter: From Bogart to Bond and All the Latest Film Releases. HarperCollins Publishers Limited. p. 711. ISBN 9780007271061.
Jump up ^ Parker, John (April 6, 2017). Jack Nicholson - The Biography. John Blake Publishing Ltd. p. 223. ISBN 9781786064998.
Jump up ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (16 February 2014). "Baftas 2014: Barkhad Abdi wins best supporting actor for Captain Phillips". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Hodgson, Claire (17 February 2014). "BAFTA 2014 winner Barkhad Abdi: What you need to know about Captain Phillips best supporting actor winner". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
External links[edit]
BAFTA Awards Database
[show]
v
t
e
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Ian Holm (1968)
Laurence Olivier (1969)
Colin Welland (1970)
Edward Fox (1971)
Ben Johnson (1972)
Arthur Lowe (1973)
John Gielgud (1974)
Fred Astaire (1975)
Brad Dourif (1976)
Edward Fox (1977)
John Hurt (1978)
Robert Duvall (1979)
Ian Holm (1981)
Jack Nicholson (1982)
Denholm Elliott (1983)
Denholm Elliott (1984)
Denholm Elliott (1985)
Ray McAnally (1986)
Daniel Auteuil (1987)
Michael Palin (1988)
Ray McAnally (1989)
Salvatore Cascio (1990)
Alan Rickman (1991)
Gene Hackman (1992)
Ralph Fiennes (1993)
Samuel L. Jackson (1994)
Tim Roth (1995)
Paul Scofield (1996)
Tom Wilkinson (1997)
Geoffrey Rush (1998)
Jude Law (1999)
Benicio del Toro (2000)
Jim Broadbent (2001)
Christopher Walken (2002)
Bill Nighy (2003)
Clive Owen (2004)
Jake Gyllenhaal (2005)
Alan Arkin (2006)
Javier Bardem (2007)
Heath Ledger (2008)
Christoph Waltz (2009)
Geoffrey Rush (2010)
Christopher Plummer (2011)
Christoph Waltz (2012)
Barkhad Abdi (2013)
J. K. Simmons (2014)
Mark Rylance (2015)
Dev Patel (2016)
Sam Rockwell (2017)
[show]
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role&oldid=839831622"
Categories:
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values: جائزة البافتا لأفضل ممثل في دور ثانوي – Arabic

values: শ্রেষ্ঠ পার্শ্বচরিত্রে অভিনেতা বিভাগে বাফটা পুরস্কার – Bangla

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values: British Academy Film Award/Bester Nebendarsteller – German

values: Anexo:BAFTA al mejor actor de reparto – Spanish

values: British Academy Film Award du meilleur acteur dans un second rôle – French

values: Aktor Pendukung Terbaik (BAFTA) – Indonesian

values: BAFTA al miglior attore non protagonista – Italian

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values: פרס באפט"א לשחקן הטוב ביותר בתפקיד משנה – Hebrew

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List of La Liga top scorers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lionel Messi is La Liga's all-time top scorer.
Since the 1929 formation of La Liga, Spain's top division of association football, a total of 56 players have finished as the competition's top goalscorer. As no official recognition exists in Spain for the league top scorer, the following data is based on official match reports provided by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional and may differ from independent research and the unofficial Pichichi Trophy awarded by the newspaper Marca.
La Liga's all-time top goalscorer is Barcelona's Lionel Messi, who also holds the record for most goals scored in a season with 50 goals in 2011-12. Athletic Bilbao's Telmo Zarra, who was the competition's all-time top scorer until 2014, was top scorer in six seasons between 1945 and 1953. Four other players—Lionel Messi, Real Madrid's Alfredo Di Stéfano, Quini of Sporting de Gijón and Barcelona, and Hugo Sánchez of Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid—each finished as top scorer in five seasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Top scorers by season
1.1 All-time top scorers
1.2 Top active scorers
1.3 Players with most hat-tricks
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Top scorers by season[edit]
Key
Player won the European Golden Shoe
Season
Player
Club
Goals
Apps
Ratio
1930–31 Bata Athletic Bilbao 27 17 1.59
1931–32 Bata (2) Athletic Bilbao 13[1] 18 0.72
1932–33 Olivares, ManuelManuel Olivares Real Madrid 16 14 1.14
1933–34 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara Real Oviedo 26 18 1.44
1934–35 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara (2) Real Oviedo 27 22 1.23
1935–36 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara (3) Real Oviedo 28 21 1.33
1939–40 Unamuno, VíctorVíctor Unamuno Athletic Bilbao 20 22 0.91
1940–41 Pruden, Pruden Atlético Madrid 33 22 1.5
1941–42 Mundo Valencia 27 25 1.08
1942–43 Martín, MarianoMariano Martín Barcelona 30 23 1.3
1943–44 Mundo (2) Valencia 28 26 1.08
1944–45 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra Athletic Bilbao 20 26 0.77
1945–46 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (2) Athletic Bilbao 24 18 1.33
1946–47 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (3) Athletic Bilbao 33 24 1.38
1947–48 Pahiño, Pahiño Celta de Vigo 20 22 0.91
1948–49 César Barcelona 27 24 1.13
1949–50 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (4) Athletic Bilbao 24 26 0.92
1950–51 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (5) Athletic Bilbao 38 30 1.27
1951–52 Pahiño, Pahiño (2) Real Madrid 28 27 1.04
1952–53 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (6) Athletic Bilbao 24 29 0.83
1953–54 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano Real Madrid 27 28 0.96
1954–55 Arza, JuanJuan Arza Sevilla 28 29 0.97
1955–56 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (2) Real Madrid 24 30 0.8
1956–57 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (3) Real Madrid 31 30 1.03
1957–58 Badenes, ManuelManuel Badenes Real Valladolid 19 29 0.66
di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (4) Real Madrid 19 30 0.63
Alós, RicardoRicardo Alós Valencia 19 29 0.66
1958–59 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (5) Real Madrid 23 28 0.82
1959–60 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás Real Madrid 25 24 1.04
1960–61 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (2) Real Madrid 28 28 1
1961–62 Seminario, JuanJuan Seminario Real Zaragoza 25 30 0.83
1962–63 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (3) Real Madrid 26 30 0.87
1963–64 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (4) Real Madrid 21 25 0.84
1964–65 Ré, CayetanoCayetano Ré Barcelona 26 30 0.87
1965–66 Luis Aragonés Atlético Madrid 18[2] 28 0.64
1966–67 Waldo Valencia 24 30 0.8
1967–68 Uriarte, FidelFidel Uriarte Athletic Bilbao 22 24 0.92
1968–69 Amancio Real Madrid 14 29 0.48
José Eulogio Gárate Atlético Madrid 14 30 0.47
1969–70 Amancio (2) Real Madrid 16 29 0.55
Aragonés, LuisLuis Aragonés (2) Atlético Madrid 16 30 0.53
Gárate, José EulogioJosé Eulogio Gárate (2) Atlético Madrid 16 30 0.53
1970–71 Gárate, José EulogioJosé Eulogio Gárate (3) Atlético Madrid 17 28 0.61
Rexach, CarlesCarles Rexach Barcelona 17 28 0.61
1971–72 Porta, EnriqueEnrique Porta Granada 20 31 0.65
1972–73 Marianín Real Oviedo 19 32 0.59
1973–74 Quini Sporting de Gijón 20 34 0.59
1974–75 Carlos Athletic Bilbao 19 32 0.59
1975–76 Quini (2) Sporting de Gijón 21 34 0.62
1976–77 Kempes, MarioMario Kempes Valencia 24 34 0.71
1977–78 Kempes, MarioMario Kempes (2) Valencia 28 34 0.82
1978–79 Krankl, HansHans Krankl Barcelona 29 30 0.97
1979–80 Quini (3) Sporting de Gijón 24 34 0.71
1980–81 Quini (4) Barcelona 20 30 0.67
1981–82 Quini (5) Barcelona 27 32 0.84
1982–83 Rincón, PoliPoli Rincón Real Betis 20 30 0.67
1983–84 Jorge da Silva Real Valladolid 17 30 0.57
Juanito Real Madrid 17 31 0.55
1984–85 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez Atlético Madrid 19 33 0.58
1985–86 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (2) Real Madrid 22 33 0.67
1986–87 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (3) Real Madrid 34 41 0.83
1987–88 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (4) Real Madrid 29 36 0.81
1988–89 Baltazar Atlético Madrid 35 36 0.97
1989–90 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (5) Real Madrid 38 35 1.09
1990–91 Butragueño, EmilioEmilio Butragueño Real Madrid 19 35 0.54
1991–92 Manolo Atlético Madrid 27 36 0.75
1992–93 Bebeto Deportivo 29 37 0.78
1993–94 Romário Barcelona 30 33 0.91
1994–95 Zamorano, IvánIván Zamorano Real Madrid 28 38 0.74
1995–96 Pizzi, Juan AntonioJuan Antonio Pizzi Tenerife 31 41 0.76
1996–97 Ronaldo Barcelona 34 37 0.92
1997–98 Vieri, ChristianChristian Vieri Atlético Madrid 24 24 1
1998–99 Raúl Real Madrid 25 37 0.68
1999–2000 Ballesta, SalvaSalva Ballesta Racing Santander 27 36 0.75
2000–01 Raúl (2) Real Madrid 24 36 0.67
2001–02 Tristán, DiegoDiego Tristán Deportivo 20 35 0.57
2002–03 Makaay, RoyRoy Makaay Deportivo 29 38 0.76
2003–04 Ronaldo (2) Real Madrid 24 32 0.75
2004–05 Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán Villarreal 25 38 0.66
Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o Barcelona 25[3] 37 0.68
2005–06 Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o (2) Barcelona 26 34 0.76
2006–07 van Nistelrooy, RuudRuud van Nistelrooy Real Madrid 25 37 0.68
2007–08 Güiza, DanielDaniel Güiza Mallorca 27 37 0.73
2008–09 Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán (2) Atlético Madrid 32 33 0.97
2009–10 Messi, LionelLionel Messi Barcelona 34 35 0.97
2010–11 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 40 34 1.18
2011–12 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (2) Barcelona 50 37 1.35
2012–13 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (3) Barcelona 46 32 1.44
2013–14 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo (2) Real Madrid 31 30 1.03
2014–15 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo (3) Real Madrid 48 35 1.37
2015–16 Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez Barcelona 40 35 1.11
2016–17 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (4) Barcelona 37 34 1.09
2017–18 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (5) Barcelona 34 36 0.94
All-time top scorers[edit]
As of matches played 20 May 2018[4]
Players in bold are still active.
[hide]Rank
Nat
Name
Years
Goals
Apps
Ratio
1 Lionel Messi 2004– 383 418 0.92
2 Cristiano Ronaldo 2009– 311 292 1.07
3 Telmo Zarra 1940–1955 251 278 0.9
4 Hugo Sánchez 1981–1994 234 347 0.67
5 Raúl 1994–2010 228 550 0.41
6 Alfredo Di Stéfano 1953–1966 227 329 0.69
7 César Rodríguez 1939–1955 223 353 0.63
8 Quini 1970–1987 219 448 0.49
9 Pahiño 1943–1956 210 278 0.76
10 Edmundo Suárez 1939–1950 195 231 0.84
11 Santillana 1970–1988 186 461 0.4
12 David Villa 2003–2014 185 352 0.53
13 Juan Arza 1943–1959 182 349 0.52
14 Guillermo Gorostiza 1929–1945 178 256 0.7
15 Samuel Eto'o 1998–2009 162 280 0.58
16 Luis Aragonés 1960–1974 160 360 0.44
17 Ferenc Puskás 1958–1966 156 180 0.87
18 Aritz Aduriz 2002– 154 399 0.39
19 Julio Salinas 1982–2000 152 417 0.36
20 Adrián Escudero 1945–1958 150 287 0.52
21 Daniel Ruiz 1974–1986 147 303 0.49
22 Raúl Tamudo 1997–2013 146 407 0.36
23 Silvestre Igoa 1941–1956 141 284 0.5
24 Manuel Badenes 1946–1959 139 201 0.69
Juan Araújo 1945–1956 207 0.67
José Mari Bakero 1980–1997 483 0.29
27 László Kubala 1951–1965 138 215 0.64
28 José Luis Panizo 1939–1955 136 325 0.42
29 Jesús María Satrústegui 1973–1986 133 297 0.45
30 Joaquín Murillo 1952–1964 132 227 0.58
Top active scorers[edit]
As of matches played 20 May 2018[4]
Rank
Nat
Name
Years
Current club
Goals
Apps
Ratio
1 Lionel Messi 2004– Barcelona 383 418 0.92
2 Cristiano Ronaldo 2009– Real Madrid 311 292 1.07
3 Aritz Aduriz 2002– Athletic Bilbao 154 399 0.38
4 Karim Benzema 2009– Real Madrid 126 264 0.48
5 Antoine Griezmann 2010– Atlético Madrid 115 275 0.42
Players with most hat-tricks[edit]
Three or more goals in a single match. For the complete list of hat-tricks see List of La Liga hat-tricks.
As of matches played 20 May 2018[5][6]
Players in bold are still active
Players with at least 10 hat-tricks are shown in this table.
Rank
Player
Hat-tricks
Last hat-trick
1
Cristiano Ronaldo
34 18 March 2018
2
Lionel Messi
30 29 April 2018
3
Telmo Zarra
23 15 March 1953
4
Alfredo di Stéfano
22 15 March 1964
5
Mundo
19 4 March 1951
6
César Rodríguez
15 19 October 1952
7
Isidro Lángara
13 15 December 1946
8
Ferenc Puskás
12 15 December 1963
9
László Kubala
11 19 March 1961
Pahiño
11 11 September 1955
Manuel Badenes
11 29 March 1958
12
Quini
10 7 October 1981
Source: BDFútbol
Notes
See also[edit]
Pichichi Trophy
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Marca awarded the Pichichi to Guillermo Gorostiza, whom they credited with 12 goals.
Jump up ^ Marca awarded the Pichichi to Vavá, whom they credited with 19 goals.
Jump up ^ Marca did not award the Pichichi to Eto'o, whom they credited with 24 goals.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ranking Goals First Division". BDFutbol. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ranking Hat Tricks First Division". Bdfutbol.com. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hat-tricks in La Liga history". sportsgoogly.com. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
Citations
Liga de Fútbol Profesional historical archive
Bravo, Luis Javier; Sillipp, Bernhard; Torre, Raúl; Di Maggio, Roberto (25 June 2015). "List of all Pichichi winners". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Martínez Calatrava, Vicente (2002). Historia y estadística del fúbol español. De la Olimpiada de Amberes a la Guerra Civil (1920-1939). ISBN 84-607-5767-6
Martínez Calatrava, Vicente (2002). Historia y estadística del fútbol español. De la Guerra Civil al Mundial de Brasil (1939-1950). ISBN 978-84-607-8817-1
Martínez Calatrava, Vicente (2002). Historia y estadística del fútbol español. Del gol de Zarra al gol de Marcelino (1950-1964). ISBN 978-84-609-2967-3
Martínez Calatrava, Vicente (2002). Historia y estadística del fútbol español. Del Campeonato de Europa al Mundial de España (1964-1982). ISBN 978-84-611-0295-2
Martínez Calatrava, Vicente (2002). Historia y estadística del fútbol español. Del Mundial 82 a la final española de París (1982-2001) ISBN 978-84-612-2007-6
External links[edit]
LFP - Historical squads for every season of the league including official goal scoring stats
Top 10 La Liga Golden Boot winners
[show]
v
t
e
La Liga top scorers
1929: Bienzobas
1930: Gorostiza
1931: Bata
1932: Bata
1933: Olivares
1934: Lángara
1935: Lángara
1936: Lángara
1940: Unamuno
1941: Pruden
1942: E. Suárez
1943: Martín
1944: E. Suárez
1945: Zarra
1946: Zarra
1947: Zarra
1948: Pahiño
1949: César
1950: Zarra
1951: Zarra
1952: Pahiño
1953: Zarra
1954: Di Stéfano
1955: Arza
1956: Di Stéfano
1957: Di Stéfano
1958: Badenes, Di Stéfano & Ricardo
1959: Di Stéfano
1960: Puskás
1961: Puskás
1962: Seminario
1963: Puskás
1964: Puskás
1965: Ré
1966: Aragonés
1967: Waldo
1968: Uriarte
1969: Amancio & Gárate
1970: Amancio, Aragonés & Gárate
1971: Gárate & Rexach
1972: Porta
1973: Marianín
1974: Quini
1975: Carlos
1976: Quini
1977: Kempes
1978: Kempes
1979: Krankl
1980: Quini
1981: Quini
1982: Quini
1983: Rincón
1984: Da Silva & Juanito
1985: Sánchez
1986: Sánchez
1987: Sánchez
1988: Sánchez
1989: Baltazar
1990: Sánchez
1991: Butragueño
1992: Manolo
1993: Bebeto
1994: Romário
1995: Zamorano
1996: Pizzi
1997: Ronaldo
1998: Vieri
1999: Raúl
2000: Salva
2001: Raúl
2002: Tristán
2003: Makaay
2004: Ronaldo
2005: Forlán & Eto'o
2006: Eto'o
2007: Van Nistelrooy
2008: Güiza
2009: Forlán
2010: Messi
2011: C. Ronaldo
2012: Messi
2013: Messi
2014: C. Ronaldo
2015: C. Ronaldo
2016: L. Suárez
2017: Messi
2018: Messi
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_La_Liga_top_scorers&oldid=843460358"
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3G
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see 3G (disambiguation).
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3G, standing for third generation, is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 2 Mbit/s. Later 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. This ensures it can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non–backward-compatible transmission technology. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998 and fourth generation 4G networks in 2008.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Break-up of 3G systems
2 History
3 Adoption
3.1 Market penetration
4 Patents
5 Features
5.1 Data rates
5.2 Security
5.3 Applications of 3G
6 Evolution
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Overview[edit]
Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
The following standards are typically branded 3G:
the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by GSM (Global Systems for Mobile) 2G system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same infrastructure:
The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).
The TD-SCDMA radio interface was commercialized in 2009 and is only offered in China.
The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.
the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-95 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.
The above systems and radio interfaces are based on spread spectrum radio transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely different technologies.
The following common standards comply with the IMT2000/3G standard:
EDGE, a revision by the 3GPP organization to the older 2G GSM based transmission methods, utilizing the same switching nodes, base station sites and frequencies as GPRS, but new base station and cellphone RF circuits. It is based on the three times as efficient 8PSK modulation scheme as supplement to the original GMSK modulation scheme. EDGE is still used extensively due to its ease of upgrade from existing 2G GSM infrastructure and cell-phones.
EDGE combined with the GPRS 2.5G technology is called EGPRS, and allows peak data rates in the order of 200 kbit/s, just as the original UMTS WCDMA versions, and thus formally fulfills the IMT2000 requirements on 3G systems. However, in practice EDGE is seldom marketed as a 3G system, but a 2.9G system. EDGE shows slightly better system spectral efficiency than the original UMTS and CDMA2000 systems, but it is difficult to reach much higher peak data rates due to the limited GSM spectral bandwidth of 200 kHz, and it is thus a dead end.
EDGE was also a mode in the IS-136 TDMA system, today ceased.
Evolved EDGE, the latest revision, has peaks of 1 Mbit/s downstream and 400 kbit/s upstream, but is not commercially used.
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, created and revised by the 3GPP. The family is a full revision from GSM in terms of encoding methods and hardware, although some GSM sites can be retrofitted to broadcast in the UMTS/W-CDMA format.
W-CDMA is the most common deployment, commonly operated on the 2,100 MHz band. A few others use the 850, 900 and 1,900 MHz bands.
HSPA is an amalgamation of several upgrades to the original W-CDMA standard and offers speeds of 14.4 Mbit/s down and 5.76 Mbit/s up. HSPA is backward-compatible with and uses the same frequencies as W-CDMA.
HSPA+, a further revision and upgrade of HSPA, can provide theoretical peak data rates up to 168 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink, using a combination of air interface improvements as well as multi-carrier HSPA and MIMO. Technically though, MIMO and DC-HSPA can be used without the "+" enhancements of HSPA+
The CDMA2000 system, or IS-2000, including CDMA2000 1x and CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data (or EVDO), standardized by 3GPP2 (differing from the 3GPP), evolving from the original IS-95 CDMA system, is used especially in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa.
CDMA2000 1x Rev. E has an increased voice capacity (in excess of three times) compared to Rev. 0 EVDO Rev. B offers downstream peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s while Rev. C enhanced existing and new terminal user experience.
While DECT cordless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements, they are not usually considered due to their rarity and unsuitability for usage with mobile phones.
Break-up of 3G systems[edit]
The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and development projects started in 1992. In 1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation; WiMAX was added in 2007.[1]
There are evolutionary standards (EDGE and CDMA) that are backward-compatible extensions to pre-existing 2G networks as well as revolutionary standards that require all-new network hardware and frequency allocations. The cell phones utilise UMTS in combination with 2G GSM standards and bandwidths, but do not support EDGE. The latter group is the UMTS family, which consists of standards developed for IMT-2000, as well as the independently developed standards DECT and WiMAX, which were included because they fit the IMT-2000 definition.
While EDGE fulfills the 3G specifications, most GSM/UMTS phones report EDGE ("2.75G") and UMTS ("3G") functionality.
History[edit]
3G technology was the result of research and development work carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s. 3G specifications and standards were developed in fifteen years. The technical specifications were made available to the public under the name IMT-2000. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz ws allocated for 3G. Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998,[2] branded as FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope;[3][4] broader availability of the system was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability.[5]
The first European pre-commercial network was an UMTS network on the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network (also UMTS based W-CDMA) in Europe was opened for business by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers.
The first network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the CDMA-based 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the South Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators.
The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in July 2002 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility was also a true 3G UMTS network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA.
The first commercial United Kingdom 3G network was started by Hutchison Telecom which was originally behind Orange S.A..[6] In 2003, it announced first commercial third generation or 3G mobile phone network in the UK.
The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on 2,100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded as Three or "3" in June 2003.[7]
Emtel launched the first 3G network in Africa.
Adoption[edit]
Nepal Telecom adopted 3G Service for the first time in Asia. However its 3G was relatively slow to be adopted in Nepal. In some instances, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G so mobile operators must build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies, especially so to achieve high data transmission rates. Other countries' delays were due to the expenses of upgrading transmission hardware, especially for UMTS, whose deployment required the replacement of most broadcast towers. Due to these issues and difficulties with deployment, many carriers were not able to or delayed acquisition of these updated capabilities.
In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA). In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
Roll-out of 3G networks was delayed in some countries by the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and sealed bid auctions, and initial excitement over 3G's potential. This led to a telecoms crash that ran concurrently with similar crashes in the fibre-optic and dot.com fields.
The 3G standard is perhaps well known because of a massive expansion of the mobile communications market post-2G and advances of the consumer mobile phone. An especially notable development during this time is the smartphone (for example, the iPhone, and the Android family), combining the abilities of a PDA with a mobile phone, leading to widespread demand for mobile internet connectivity. 3G has also introduced the term "mobile broadband" because its speed and capability make it a viable alternative for internet browsing, and USB Modems connecting to 3G networks are becoming increasingly common.
Market penetration[edit]
By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected of which 10 million were in Nepal and 8.2 million in India. This 200 millionth is only 6.7% of the 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide. (When counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers—max bitrate 72% of the 200kbit/s which defines 3G—the total size of the nearly-3G subscriber base was 475 million as of June 2007, which was 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.) In the countries where 3G was launched first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over 70%.[8] In Europe the leading country[when?] for 3G penetration is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries[when?] for 3G use include Nepal, UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 32% migration level.
According to ITU estimates,[9] as of Q4 2012 there were 2096 million active mobile-broadband[vague] subscribers worldwide out of a total of 6835 million subscribers—this is just over 30%. About half the mobile-broadband subscriptions are for subscribers in developed nations, 934 million out of 1600 million total, well over 50%. Note however that there is a distinction between a phone with mobile-broadband connectivity and a smart phone with a large display and so on—although according[10] to the ITU and informatandm.com the USA has 321 million mobile subscriptions, including 256 million that are 3G or 4G, which is both 80% of the subscriber base and 80% of the USA population, according[9] to ComScore just a year earlier in Q4 2011 only about 42% of people surveyed in the USA reported they owned a smart phone. In Japan, 3G penetration was similar at about 81%, but smart phone ownership was lower at about 17%.[9] In China, there were 486.5 million 3G subscribers in June 2014,[11] in a population of 1,385,566,537 (2013 UN estimate).
Patents[edit]
It has been estimated that there are almost 8,000 patents declared essential (FRAND) related to the 483 technical specifications which form the 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards.[12][13] Twelve companies accounted in 2004 for 90% of the patents (Qualcomm, Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola, Philips, NTT DoCoMo, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Hitachi, InterDigital, and Matsushita).
Even then, some patents essential to 3G might have not been declared by their patent holders. It is believed that Nortel and Lucent have undisclosed patents essential to these standards.[13]
Furthermore, the existing 3G Patent Platform Partnership pool has little impact on FRAND protection, because it excludes the four largest patents owners for 3G.[14][15]
Features[edit]
Data rates[edit]
ITU has not provided a clear[citation needed][vague] definition of the data rate that users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"[16] the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum required rates, nor required average rates, nor what modes[clarification needed] of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various[vague] data rates are sold as '3G' in the market.
In market implementation, 3G downlink data speeds defined by telecom service providers vary depending on the underlying technology deployed; up to 384kbit/s for WCDMA, up to 7.2Mbit/sec for HSPA and a theoretical maximum of 21.6 Mbit/s for HSPA+ (technically 3.5G, but usually clubbed under the tradename of 3G).[citation needed]
Compare data speeds with 3.5G and 4G.
Security[edit]
See also: Mobile security § Attacks based on the GSM networks
3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block cipher instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.[17]
In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.
Applications of 3G[edit]
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are:
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Location-based services
Mobile TV
Telemedicine
Video Conferencing
Video on demand.
Evolution[edit]
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are working on extensions to 3G standard that are based on an all-IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO. These specifications already display features characteristic for IMT-Advanced (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G.
3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced, whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB in favour of the LTE family.[18]
On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services."[19] With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.
See also[edit]
List of mobile phone generations
Mobile radio telephone (also known as "0G")
Mobile broadband
1G
2G
4G
5G
LTE (telecommunication)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ITU. "ITU Radiocommunication Assembly approves new developments for its 3G standards". press release. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
Jump up ^ "A Brand New Mobile Millennium Ericsson/CATT/DoCoMo jointly demonstrate pioneering W-CDMA technology at PT/Wireless | Press Center | NTT DOCOMO Global". Nttdocomo.com. 9 November 1999. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "World's first 3G launch on 1 October severely restricted (hktdc.com)".
Jump up ^ "broadbandmag.co.uk/3G grinds to a start".
Jump up ^ "DoCoMo Delays 3G Launch". Wired. 24 April 2001.
Jump up ^ "3G in UK". 3g.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "About Hutchison". Hutchison Telecommunications (Australia) Limited. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
Jump up ^ "Plus 8 Star presentation, "Is 3G a Dog or a Demon – Hints from 7 years of 3G Hype in Asia"". Plus8star.com. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Global mobile statistics 2013 Part A: Mobile subscribers; handset market share; mobile operators". mobiThinking. May 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
Jump up ^ "The 100 million club: the top 10 mobile markets by number of mobile subscriptions". mobiThinking. 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
Jump up ^ Steven Millward (2014-07-29). "China now has 486.5 million 3G subscribers, but only 14 million on new 4G network". Tech In Asia. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
Jump up ^ "3G CELLULAR STANDARDS AND PATENTS". engpaper.com. 13 June 2005. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
^ Jump up to: a b David J. Goodman (13 June 2005). "3G CELLULAR STANDARDS AND PATENTS" (PDF). IEEE Wireless com. Polytechnic Institute of New York University. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
Jump up ^ "Study on the Interplay between Standards and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)" (PDF). European Commission. 18 July 2009. Retrieved 2012-06-24. Pools that cover only a fraction of the actual IPR for a standard are not very useful. It is essential that the large licensees sign up. Examples of pools that have little impact are the 3G Licensing pool (which excludes the four largest IPR owners for 3G) and the 802.11 pool by ViaLicensing.
Jump up ^ "Possible 'showstoppers' shadow 3G patent pool". eetimes.com. 21 May 1999. Retrieved 2012-06-24. Even so, Qualcomm (San Diego) is still a wild card in the patent-pooling effort. Qualcomm was a member of the UMTS group when it was formed in February 1998, but deactivated its membership last September.
Jump up ^ "Cellular Standards for the Third Generation". ITU. 1 December 2005. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Security for the Third Generation (3G) Mobile System" (PDF). Network Systems & Security Technologies.
Jump up ^ Qualcomm halts UMB project, Reuters, 13 November 2008
Jump up ^ "first in the world with 4G services". TeliaSonera. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
External links[edit]
Verizon has quietly stopped throttling unlimited 3G data
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 3G.
Preceded by
2nd Generation (2G) Mobile Telephony Generations Succeeded by
4th Generation (4G)
[hide]
v
t
e
Cellular network standards
List of mobile phone generations
0G (radio telephones)
MTS
MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
IMTS
AMTS
OLT
Autoradiopuhelin
B-Netz
Altai
AMR
1G (1985)
AMPS family
AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-3, ANSI/TIA/EIA-553)
N-AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-91)
TACS
ETACS
Other
NMT
C-450
Hicap
Mobitex
DataTAC
2G (1992)
GSM/3GPP family
GSM
CSD
HSCSD
3GPP2 family
cdmaOne (TIA/EIA/IS-95 and ANSI-J-STD 008)
AMPS family
D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
Other
CDPD
iDEN
PDC
PHS
2G transitional
(2.5G, 2.75G)
GSM/3GPP family
GPRS
EDGE/EGPRS (UWC-136)
3GPP2 family
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3G – Azerbaijani
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3G – Bulgarian
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3G – Bosnian
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3G – Catalan
ca
ca
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3G – Danish
da
da
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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT-2000
IMT-2000 – German
de
de
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3G – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

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3G – French
fr
fr
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3G – Armenian
hy
hy
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3G – Croatian
hr
hr
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3G – Indonesian
id
id
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3G – Icelandic
is
is
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3G – Javanese
jv
jv
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3G – Pampanga
pam
pam
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3G – Kyrgyz
ky
ky
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3G – Latvian
lv
lv
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3G – Lithuanian
lt
lt
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3G – Hungarian
hu
hu
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3G – Macedonian
mk
mk
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3G – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

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3G – Norwegian
no
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3G – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
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3G – Uzbek
uz
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3G – Polish
pl
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3G – Portuguese
pt
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3G – Romanian
ro
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3G – Russian
ru
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3G – Sakha
sah
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3G – Scots
sco
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3G – Slovak
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3G – Somali
so
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3G – Sundanese
su
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3G – Finnish
fi
fi
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3G – Swedish
sv
sv
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3G – Tagalog
tl
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3G – Telugu
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3G – Turkish
tr
tr
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3G – Ukrainian
uk
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3G – Vietnamese
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3G – Cantonese
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