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Organelle
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Organelle
Details
Pronunciation
/ɔːrɡəˈnɛl/
Part of
Cell
Identifiers
Latin
organella
MeSH
D015388
TH
H1.00.01.0.00009
FMA
63832
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live. Individual organelles are usually separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers, but cannot be bound by one.
The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence organelle, the suffix -elle being a diminutive. Organelles are identified by microscopy, and can also be purified by cell fractionation. There are many types of organelles, particularly in eukaryotic cells. While prokaryotes do not possess organelles per se, some do contain protein-based bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to act as primitive organelles.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History and terminology
2 Types of organelles
2.1 Eukaryotic organelles
2.2 Prokaryotic organelles
3 Proteins and organelles
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History and terminology[edit]
Cell biology
The animal cell
Components of a typical animal cell:
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome (little dots)
Vesicle
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus (or "Golgi body")
Cytoskeleton
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Cytosol (fluid that contains organelles, comprising the cytoplasm)
Lysosome
Centrosome
Cell membrane
In biology organs are defined as confined functional units within an organism.[2] The analogy of bodily organs to microscopic cellular substructures is obvious, as from even early works, authors of respective textbooks rarely elaborate on the distinction between the two.
In the 1830s, Félix Dujardin refuted Ehrenberg theory which said that microorganisms have the same organs of multicellular animals, only minor.[3]
Credited as the first[4][5][6] to use a diminutive of organ (i.e., little organ) for cellular structures was German zoologist Karl August Möbius (1884), who used the term organula (plural of organulum, the diminutive of Latin organum).[7] In a footnote, which was published as a correction in the next issue of the journal, he justified his suggestion to call organs of unicellular organisms "organella" since they are only differently formed parts of one cell, in contrast to multicellular organs of multicellular organisms.[citation needed]
Types of organelles[edit]
While most cell biologists consider the term organelle to be synonymous with "cell compartment", other cell biologists choose to limit the term organelle to include only those that are containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), having originated from formerly autonomous microscopic organisms acquired via endosymbiosis.[8][9][10]
Under this definition, there would only be two broad classes of organelles (i.e. those that contain their own DNA, and have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria):
mitochondria (in almost all eukaryotes)
plastids[11] (e.g. in plants, algae, and some protists).
Other organelles are also suggested to have endosymbiotic origins, but do not contain their own DNA (notably the flagellum – see evolution of flagella).
Under the more restricted definition of membrane-bound structures, some parts of the cell do not qualify as organelles. Nevertheless, the use of organelle to refer to non-membrane bound structures such as ribosomes is common.[12] This has led some texts to delineate between membrane-bound and non-membrane bound organelles.[13] The non-membrane bound organelles, also called large biomolecular complexes, are large assemblies of macromolecules that carry out particular and specialized functions, but they lack membrane boundaries. Such cell structures include:
large RNA and protein complexes: ribosome, spliceosome, vault
large protein complexes: proteasome, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, symmetric viral capsids, complex of GroEL and GroES; membrane protein complexes: photosystem I, ATP synthase
large DNA and protein complexes: nucleosome
centriole and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)
cytoskeleton
flagellum
nucleolus
stress granule
germ cell granule
neuronal transport granule
Eukaryotic organelles[edit]
Eukaryotic cells are structurally complex, and by definition are organized, in part, by interior compartments that are themselves enclosed by lipid membranes that resemble the outermost cell membrane. The larger organelles, such as the nucleus and vacuoles, are easily visible with the light microscope. They were among the first biological discoveries made after the invention of the microscope.
Not all eukaryotic cells have each of the organelles listed below. Exceptional organisms have cells that do not include some organelles that might otherwise be considered universal to eukaryotes (such as mitochondria).[14] There are also occasional exceptions to the number of membranes surrounding organelles, listed in the tables below (e.g., some that are listed as double-membrane are sometimes found with single or triple membranes). In addition, the number of individual organelles of each type found in a given cell varies depending upon the function of that cell.
Major eukaryotic organelles
Organelle
Main function
Structure
Organisms
Notes
chloroplast (plastid) photosynthesis, traps energy from sunlight double-membrane compartment plants, protists (rare kleptoplastic organisms) has own DNA; theorized to be engulfed by the ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)
endoplasmic reticulum translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes, has folds that are flat sacs; smooth endoplasmic reticulum has folds that are tubular
flagellum locomotion, sensory some eukaryotes
Golgi apparatus sorting, packaging, processing and modification of proteins single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes cis-face (convex) nearest to rough endoplasmic reticulum; trans-face (concave) farthest from rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of adenosine triphosphate double-membrane compartment most eukaryotes constituting element of the chondriome; has own DNA; theorized to be engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)
nucleus DNA maintenance, controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription double-membrane compartment all eukaryotes contains bulk of genome
vacuole storage, transportation, helps maintain homeostasis single-membrane compartment eukaryotes
Mitochondria and chloroplasts, which have double-membranes and their own DNA, are believed to have originated from incompletely consumed or invading prokaryotic organisms, which were adopted as a part of the invaded cell. This idea is supported in the Endosymbiotic theory.
Minor eukaryotic organelles and cell components
Organelle/Macromolecule
Main function
Structure
Organisms
acrosome helps spermatozoa fuse with ovum single-membrane compartment many animals
autophagosome vesicle that sequesters cytoplasmic material and organelles for degradation double-membrane compartment all eukaryotes
centriole anchor for cytoskeleton, organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers Microtubule protein animals
cilium movement in or of external medium; "critical developmental signaling pathway".[15] Microtubule protein animals, protists, few plants
cnidocyst stinging coiled hollow tubule cnidarians
eyespot apparatus detects light, allowing phototaxis to take place green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids
glycosome carries out glycolysis single-membrane compartment Some protozoa, such as Trypanosomes.
glyoxysome conversion of fat into sugars single-membrane compartment plants
hydrogenosome energy & hydrogen production double-membrane compartment a few unicellular eukaryotes
lysosome breakdown of large molecules (e.g., proteins + polysaccharides) single-membrane compartment animals
melanosome pigment storage single-membrane compartment animals
mitosome probably plays a role in Iron-sulfur cluster (Fe-S) assembly double-membrane compartment a few unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria
myofibril myocyte contraction bundled filaments animals
nucleolus pre-ribosome production protein-DNA-RNA most eukaryotes
parenthesome not characterized not characterized fungi
peroxisome breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes
proteasome degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis very large protein complex All eukaryotes, all archaea, some bacteria
ribosome (80S) translation of RNA into proteins RNA-protein all eukaryotes
stress granule mRNA storage[16] membraneless
(mRNP complexes)
Most eukaryotes
vesicle material transport single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes
Other related structures:
cytosol
endomembrane system
nucleosome
microtubule
cell membrane
(A) Electron micrograph of Halothiobacillus neapolitanus cells, arrows highlight carboxysomes. (B) Image of intact carboxysomes isolated from H. neapolitanus. Scale bars are 100 nm.[17]
Prokaryotic organelles[edit]
Prokaryotes are not as structurally complex as eukaryotes, and were once thought not to have any internal structures enclosed by lipid membranes. In the past, they were often viewed as having little internal organization, but slowly, details are emerging about prokaryotic internal structures. An early false turn was the idea developed in the 1970s that bacteria might contain membrane folds termed mesosomes, but these were later shown to be artifacts produced by the chemicals used to prepare the cells for electron microscopy.[18]
However, more recent research has revealed that at least some prokaryotes have microcompartments such as carboxysomes. These subcellular compartments are 100–200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by a shell of proteins.[1] Even more striking is the description of membrane-bound magnetosomes in bacteria, reported in 2006,[19][20] as well as the nucleus-like structures of the Planctomycetes that are surrounded by lipid membranes, reported in 2005.[21]
Prokaryotic organelles and cell components
Organelle/Macromolecule
Main function
Structure
Organisms
anammoxosome anaerobic ammonium oxidation ladderane membrane Planctomycetes
carboxysome carbon fixation protein-shell compartment some bacteria
chlorosome photosynthesis light harvesting complex green sulfur bacteria
flagellum movement in external medium protein filament some prokaryotes and eukaryotes
magnetosome magnetic orientation inorganic crystal, lipid membrane magnetotactic bacteria
mesosomes functions of Golgi bodies, centrioles, etc. small irregular shaped organelle containing ribosomes present in most prokaryotic cells
nucleoid DNA maintenance, transcription to RNA DNA-protein prokaryotes
pilus Adhesion to other cells for conjugation or to a solid substrate to create motile forces. a hair-like appendage sticking out (though partially embedded into) the plasma membrane prokaryotic cells
plasmid DNA exchange circular DNA some bacteria
ribosome (70S) translation of RNA into proteins RNA-protein bacteria and archaea
thylakoid photosynthesis photosystem proteins and pigments mostly cyanobacteria
Proteins and organelles[edit]
The function of a protein is closely correlated with the organelle in which it resides. Some methods were proposed for predicting the organelle in which an uncharacterized protein is located according to its amino acid composition[22][23] and some methods were based on pseudo amino acid composition.[24][25][26][27]
See also[edit]
CoRR Hypothesis
Ejectosome
Endosymbiotic theory
Organelle biogenesis
Membrane vesicle trafficking
Host-pathogen interface
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Kerfeld, C. A.; Sawaya, M. R; Tanaka, S; Nguyen, C. V.; Phillips, M; Beeby, M; Yeates, T. O. (August 5, 2005). "Protein structures forming the shell of primitive bacterial organelles" (PDF). Science. 309 (5736): 936–8. Bibcode:2005Sci...309..936K. doi:10.1126/science.1113397. PMID 16081736.
Jump up ^ Lynsey Peterson (April 17, 2010). "Mastering the Parts of a Cell". Lesson Planet. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
Jump up ^ Di Gregorio, M. A. (2005). From Here to Eternity: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 218.
Jump up ^ Bütschli, O. (1888). Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen u. Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band. Protozoa. Dritte Abtheilung: Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. p. 1412. Die Vacuolen sind demnach in strengem Sinne keine beständigen Organe oder O r g a n u l a (wie Möbius die Organe der Einzelligen im Gegensatz zu denen der Vielzelligen zu nennen vorschlug).
Jump up ^ Amer. Naturalist. 23, 1889, p. 183: "It may possibly be of advantage to use the word organula here instead of organ, following a suggestion by Möbius. Functionally differentiated multicellular aggregates in multicellular forms or metazoa are in this sense organs, while, for functionally differentiated portions of unicellular organisms or for such differentiated portions of the unicellular germ-elements of metazoa, the diminutive organula is appropriate." Cited after: Oxford English Dictionary online, entry for "organelle".
Jump up ^ Robin, Ch. (1891). Journal de l'anatomie et de la physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'homme et des animaux. F. Alcan.
Jump up ^ Möbius, K. (September 1884). "Das Sterben der einzelligen und der vielzelligen Tiere. Vergleichend betrachtet". Biologisches Centralblatt. 4 (13, 14): 389–392, 448. Während die Fortpflanzungszellen der vielzelligen Tiere unthätig fortleben bis sie sich loslösen, wandern und entwickeln, treten die einzelligen Tiere auch durch die an der Fortpflanzung beteiligten Leibesmasse in Verkehr mit der Außenwelt und viele bilden sich dafür auch besondere Organula". Footnote on p. 448: "Die Organe der Heteroplastiden bestehen aus vereinigten Zellen. Da die Organe der Monoplastiden nur verschieden ausgebildete Teile e i n e r Zelle sind schlage ich vor, sie „Organula“ zu nennen
Jump up ^ Keeling, P.J.; Archibald, J.M. (April 22, 2008). "Organelle evolution: what's in a name?". Current Biology. 18 (8): R345–7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.065. PMID 18430636.
Jump up ^ Imanian B, Carpenter KJ, Keeling PJ (March–April 2007). "Mitochondrial genome of a tertiary endosymbiont retains genes for electron transport proteins". The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology. 54 (2): 146–53. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00245.x. PMID 17403155.
Jump up ^ Mullins, Christopher (2004). "Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: A Historical Perspective". The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles. Springer Science+Business Media, National Institutes of Health. ISBN 0-306-47990-7.
Jump up ^ Hogan, C. Michael (2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. S. Draggan and C. Cleveland (eds.). Washington DC
Jump up ^ Campbell and Reece, Biology 6th edition, Benjamin Cummings, 2002
Jump up ^ Cormack, David H. (1984) Introduction to Histology, Lippincott, ISBN 0397521146
Jump up ^ Fahey RC, Newton GL, Arrack B, Overdank-Bogart T, Baley S (April 6, 1984). "Entamoeba histolytica: a eukaryote without glutathione metabolism". Science. 224 (4644): 70–72. Bibcode:1984Sci...224...70F. doi:10.1126/science.6322306. PMID 6322306.
Jump up ^ Badano, Jose L.; Norimasa Mitsuma; Phil L. Beales; Nicholas Katsanis (September 2006). "The Ciliopathies: An Emerging Class of Human Genetic Disorders". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 7: 125–148. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610. PMID 16722803.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Paul; Kedersha, Nancy (March 1, 2008). "Stress granules: the Tao of RNA triage". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 33 (3): 141–150. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.12.003. PMID 18291657.
Jump up ^ Tsai Y, Sawaya MR, Cannon GC, Cai F, Williams EB, Heinhorst S, Kerfeld CA, Yeates TO (2007). "Structural Analysis of CsoS1A and the Protein Shell of the Halothiobacillus neapolitanus Carboxysome". PLoS Biology. 5 (6): e144. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050144. PMC 1872035  . PMID 17518518.
Jump up ^ Ryter A (January–February 1988). "Contribution of new cryomethods to a better knowledge of bacterial anatomy". Ann. Inst. Pasteur Microbiol. 139 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1016/0769-2609(88)90095-6. PMID 3289587.
Jump up ^ Komeili A, Li Z, Newman DK, Jensen GJ (January 13, 2006). "Magnetosomes are cell membrane invaginations organized by the actin-like protein MamK". Science. 311 (5758): 242–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..242K. doi:10.1126/science.1123231. PMID 16373532.
Jump up ^ Scheffel A, Gruska M, Faivre D, Linaroudis A, Plitzko JM, Schüler D (March 2, 2006). "An acidic protein aligns magnetosomes along a filamentous structure in magnetotactic bacteria". Nature. 440 (7080): 110–4. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..110S. doi:10.1038/nature04382. PMID 16299495.
Jump up ^ Fuerst, J.A. (October 13, 2005). "Intracellular compartmentation in planctomycetes". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59: 299–328. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121258. PMID 15910279.
Jump up ^ Cedano, J.; Aloy, P.; P'erez-Pons, J. A.; Querol, E. (February 28, 1997). "Relation between amino acid composition and cellular location of proteins". J. Mol. Biol. 266 (3): 594–600. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0804. PMID 9067612.
Jump up ^ Chou, K.C.; Elrod, D.W. (February 1, 1999). "Protein subcellular location prediction". Protein Engineering. 12 (2): 107–118. doi:10.1093/protein/12.2.107. PMID 10195282.
Jump up ^ Chou, K.C. (May 15, 2001). "Prediction of protein cellular attributes using pseudo-amino acid composition". Proteins. 43 (3): 246–55. doi:10.1002/prot.1035. PMID 11288174.
Jump up ^ Mundra, P.; Kumar, M.; Kumar, K.K.; Jayaraman, V.K.; Kulkarni, B.D. (October 1, 2007). "Using pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein subnuclear localization: Approached with PSSM". Pattern Recognition Letters. 28 (13): 1610–1615. doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2007.04.001.
Jump up ^ Du, P.; Cao, S.; Li, Y. (November 21, 2009). "SubChlo: predicting protein subchloroplast locations with pseudo-amino acid composition and the evidence-theoretic K-nearest neighbor (ET-KNN) algorithm". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 261 (2): 330–335. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.08.004.
Jump up ^ L., Feng-Min; L., Qian-Zhong (2008). "Predicting Protein Subcellular Location Using Chous Pseudo Amino Acid Composition and Improved Hybrid Approach". Protein & Peptide Letters. 15 (6): 612–616. doi:10.2174/092986608784966930. PMID 18680458.
External links[edit]
Tree of Life project: Eukaryotes
Library resources about
Organelle
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[show]
v
t
e
Structures of the cell / organelles
Endomembrane system
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Parenthesome
Autophagosome
Vesicles
Exosome
Lysosome
Endosome
Phagosome
Vacuole
Acrosome
Cytoplasmic granules
Melanosome
Microbody
Glyoxysome
Peroxisome
Weibel–Palade body
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
MTOCs
Centrosome
Centriole
Basal body
Spindle pole body
Myofibril
Endosymbionts
Mitochondrion
Plastids
Chloroplast
Chromoplast
Gerontoplast
Leucoplast
Amyloplast
Elaioplast
Proteinoplast
Tannosome
Other internal
RNA
Ribosome
Spliceosome
Vault
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Proteasome
External
Undulipodium
Cilium
Flagellum
Axoneme
Radial spoke
Extracellular matrix
Cell wall
[show]
v
t
e
Hierarchy of life
Biosphere > Ecosystem > Biocoenosis > Population > Organism > Organ system > Organ > Tissue > Cell > Organelle > Biomolecular complex > Macromolecule > Biomolecule
Authority control
LCCN: sh85021661
BNF: cb122529076 (data)
NDL: 00569972
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text:
List of rivers of Australia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Major rivers of Australia
This is a list of rivers of Australia. Rivers are ordered alphabetically, by state. The same river may be found in more than one state as many rivers cross state borders.
This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Contents
[hide]
1 Longest rivers nationally
2 Longest river by state or territory
3 Rivers by state or territory
3.1 Australian Capital Territory
3.2 New South Wales
3.3 Northern Territory
3.4 Queensland
3.5 South Australia
3.6 Tasmania
3.7 Victoria
3.8 Western Australia
4 See also
5 References
Longest rivers nationally[edit]
A branch of the Murray River, near Howlong, New South Wales.
Longest rivers in Australia by length
(September 2008)
Order
River name
Length
Source
km
miles
1 Murray River 2,375 1,476 [1]
2 Murrumbidgee River 1,485 923
3 Darling River 1,472 915
4 Lachlan River 1,448 900
5 Warrego River 1,380 857
6 Cooper Creek 1,300 808
7 Paroo River 1,210 752
Longest river by state or territory[edit]
Although the Murray River forms much of the border separating New South Wales and Victoria, it is not Victoria's longest river because the New South Wales border is delineated by the river's southern bank rather than by the middle of the river. The only section of the river considered within Victoria is a stretch of approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) where it separates Victoria and South Australia. At this point, the middle of the river forms the border.[2]
Longest rivers in each state or territory
(December 2012)
State/territory
River name
Length
Source
km
miles
Australian Capital Territory Murrumbidgee River 59 37 [2]
New South Wales Murray River 1,808 1,123
Northern Territory Victoria River 510 317
Queensland Flinders River 1,004 624
South Australia Murray River 700 435
Tasmania South Esk River 245 152
Victoria Goulburn River 654 406
Western Australia Gascoyne River 834 518
Rivers by state or territory[edit]
The following is a list of rivers located within Australian states and territories. Where a river crosses a state or territory boundary, it is listed in both states and territories. Where a river has a name that includes the word creek, it has been officially designated as a river.
Australian Capital Territory[edit]
See also: List of watercourses in the Australian Capital Territory
Rivers of the Australian Capital Territory template
Blue Gum
Cotter
Gibraltar
Ginninderra
Gudgenby
Jerrabomberra
Molonglo
Murrumbidgee
Naas
Orroral
Paddys
Punchbowl
Queanbeyan
Sullivans
Tuggeranong
New South Wales[edit]
Main article: Rivers of New South Wales
See also: List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K) and List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
The Geographical Names Board of New South Wales lists 439 rivers in the Geographical Names Register.[3] In the following list, where there are duplicated names, the source local government area (LGA) is identified. In the event of there being two rivers of the same name within the same local government area, additional referencing is provided. Rivers of New South Wales lists all rivers below, grouped according to whether the river flows towards the coast or flow inland, and grouped according to their respective catchment and sub-catchment. Where shown in italics, the watercourse is a creek, rivulet, brook, or similar.
Rivers of New South Wales template
Waterways of Sydney template
A
Abercrombie
Aberfoyle
Abington
Adelong
Adjungbilly
Allyn
Apsley
Araluen
Avon (source in Wollongong LGA)
Avon (source in Mid-Coast Council LGA)
B
Back (source in Richmond Valley LGA)
Back (source in Cooma-Monaro LGA)
Back (source in Tamworth Regional LGA)
Baerami
Bakers
Balgalal
Barcoongere
Bargo
Barigan
Barmedman
Barnard
Barrington
Barwon
Beardy
Beardy Waters
Beaury
Bedford
Bega
Bell
Bellinger
Belubula
Bemboka
Bendoc
Bermagui
Berthong
Bettowynd
Bielsdown
Big Badja
Billabong
Bimberamala
Birrie
Blackwater
Blakney
Bland
Blicks
Blue Mountain
Bluff
Bobin
Bobo
Bogan
Bokhara
Bolong
Bombala
Boomi
Boonoo Boonoo
Boorowa
Boundary (source in Richmond Valley LGA, a tributary of the Glen Fernaigh River)
Boundary (source in Richmond Valley LGA, a tributary of the Nymboida River)
Bow
Bowman
Bowning
Boyd
Bredbo
Brogo
Brunswick
Buckenbowra
Bulla
Bundock
Bunnoo
Burke
Burkes
Burns
Burra (source in Palerang LGA)
Burra (source in Gundagai LGA)
Burrungubugge
Bylong
C
Cadiangullong
Camden Haven
Campbells
Caparra
Capertee
Carole
Castlereagh
Cataract (source in Tenterfield LGA)
Cataract (source in Wollondilly LGA)
Cattle Creek
Cedar
Cedar Party
Cells
Chandler
Chandlers
Cheshire
Chichester
Christmas
Clarence
Clouds
Clyde
Cobark
Cobrabald
Cockburn
Coldstream
Colo
Commissioners Waters
Congewai
Connollys
Cooba Bulga
Cooks
Cooks Vale
Coolaburragundy
Coolibah
Coolongolook
Coolumbooka
Cooma Back
Cooma
Coopers
Cooplacurripa
Coorongooba
Corang
Cordeaux
Corindi
Cowriga
Coxs
Crawford
Crookwell
Crudine
Cudgegong
Culgoa
Cullinga
Cunningham
Curricabark
D
Darling
Great Darling Anabranch
Dawson
Deepwater
Delegate
Derringullen
Deua
Dilgry
Dingo
Doubtful
Doyles
Dry
Du Faur
Duckmaloi
Dumaresq
Dungowan
Dyke
E
Eden
Edward
Ellenborough
Emu Swamp
Endrick
Erskine
Esk
Eucumbene
Evans Plains
Evans
Ewenmar
F
Felled Timber
Fish
Flyers
Forbes
Frenchmans
Frazers
G
Gara
Geehi
Genoa
Georges
Georges
Glen Fernaigh
Gloucester
Goobarragandra
Goodradigbee
Goorudee
Goulburn
Grose
Growee
Gungarlin
Gunningbland
Guy Fawkes
Gwydir
H
Hacking
Halls
Happy Jacks
Hastings
Hawkesbury
Henry
Hollanders
Horsearm
Horton
Hunter
I
Imlay
Ingeegoodbee
Isabella
Isis
J
Jacobs
Jeir
Jenolan
Jerra Jerra
Jerrabattgulla
Jerrara
Jerrawa
Jooriland
Jugiong
K
Kalang
Kanangra
Kangaroo (source in Clarence Valley LGA)
Kangaroo (source in Shoalhaven LGA)
Karuah
Kedumba
Kerripit
Kindra
Kowmung
Krui
Kunderang
Kybeyan
L
Lachlan
Lane Cove
Lansdowne
Lee
Leycester
Little Murray
Little Nymboida
Little Plains
Little (source in Wollondilly LGA)
Little (source in Dubbo LGA)
Little (source in Oberon LGA)
Little (source in Wingecarribee LGA)
Little Run
Little Weir
M
Macdonald (source in Tamworth LGA)
Macdonald (source in Singleton LGA)
Macintyre
Maclaughlin
Macleay
Macquarie
Macquarie
Mammy Johnsons
Mangrove
Mann
Manning
Maria
Maryland
Medway
Mehi
Meroo
Merrica
Merriwa
Middle
Minnamurra
Mirrool
Mogo
Mole
Molonglo
Mongarlowe
Moonan
Mooney Mooney
Mooki
Mooni
Moppy
Moredun
Moruya
Mowamba
Mulga
Mulla Mulla
Mulwaree
Mummel
Munmurra
Murrah
Murray
Murruin
Murrumbidgee
Myall
N
Nadgee
Nadgigomar
Nambucca
Namoi
nangahrah
Narran
Nattai
Nepean
Never Never
Niemur
Nowendoc
Nowlands
Nullica
Numeralla
Nunnock
Nymboida
O
Oaky
Oban
O'Briens
Orara
Ourimbah
Oxley
P
Paddys (source in Wingecarribee LGA)
Paddys (source in Tumbarumba LGA)
Pages
Pages
Pambula
Pappinbarra
Parma
Paroo
Parramatta
Paterson
Peak
Peel (A Section Of)[4]
Peel[5]
Peelwood
Phils
Pigna Barney
Pinch
Pinchgut
Pipers Creek
Pudman
Q
Queanbeyan
Queen Charlottes
Queens Pound
Queensborough
Quegobla
Quirindi
R
Ralfes
Reedy
Retreat
Richmond
River Lett
Rock Flat
Rocky Ponds
Rocky
Rosewood
Rouchel
Rous
Rowleys
Rufus
Rush
S
Sandon
Sandy (source in Bland LGA)
Sandy (source in Cobar LGA)
Sandy (source in Richmond Valley LGA)
Sandy (source in Tamworth Regional LGA)
Sara
Severn
Sewells
Shannon
Shoalhaven
Snowy
Stewarts
Stewarts
Strike-a-Light
Styx
Summer Hill
Swampy Plain
T
Tabulam
Talbragar
Tallawudjah
Tallowa
Tarcutta
Tarlo
Tarrion
Taylors Arm
Telegherry
Terania
The Big Warrambool
The Branch
Thompsons
Thone
Thredbo
Tia
Tilbuster
Timbarra
Tindarey
Tobins
Tomaga
Tonalli
Tooloom
Tooma
Towallum
Towamba
Trigalong
Tuglow
Tumut
Turners
Turon
Tuross
Tweed
U
Undowah
Upsalls
Urumbilum
W
Wadbilliga
Wah Way
Walcrow
Wallagaraugh
Wallamba
Wallingat
Wang Wauk
Wangat
Warbro
Wards
Warialda
Warnes
Warragamba
Warrego
Warrell
Watagan
Webbs
Werong
Werriberri
Wheeny
Wheeo
Whitbarrow
White Rock
Widden
Wild Cattle
Williams
Williwa
Wilson
Wilsons
Winburndale
Wingecarribee
Wog Wog
Wolgan
Wollangambe
Wollemi
Wollombi
Wollomombi
Wollondilly
Wonboyn
Wooli Wooli
Worondi
Woronora
Wyong
Y
Yadboro
Yancowinna
Yanda
Yango
Yarrabandai
Yarramanbah
Yarrangobilly
Yarrow
Yarrowitch
Yarrunga
Yass
Yowaka
Yowrie
Northern Territory[edit]
Rivers of the Northern Territory template
Adelaide
Alligator Rivers
East Alligator
South Alligator
West Alligator
Buckingham
Blackmore
Blyth
Calvert
Daly
Douglas[6][7]
Dry
Elizabeth
Finke
Fish
Fitzmaurice
Georgina
Goomadeer
Goromuru
Goyder
Gregory
Hale
Hay
Johnson[8]
Katherine
Keep
King
Koolatong
Limmen Bight
Liverpool
Mary
Moyle
McArthur
Negri
Nicholson
Palmer[9]
Playford
Plenty
Robinson
Roper
Rosie
Sandover
Settlement
Todd
Towns
Victoria
Walker
Wearyan
Wickham
Wildman[10]
Wilton
Queensland[edit]
Main article: Rivers of Queensland
Rivers of Queensland template
Waterways of Brisbane template
A
Albert
Alice
Annan
Archer
B
Baffle
Balonne
Banksia
Barcoo
Barratta
Barron
Barwon
Basalt
Belyando
Black
Bloomfield
Bohle
Boomi
Bokhara
Bowen[11][12]
Boyne (Central Queensland)
Boyne (Wide Bay–Burnett)
Bremer
Brisbane
Broken[11]
Bulimba
Bungil
Burdekin
Burke
Burnett
Burrum
C
Caboolture
Calliope
Campaspe
Carpentier
Clara
Cliffdale
Coen
Coleman
Comet
Condamine
Coomera
Cooper
Crystal
Currumbin
Culgoa
D
Daintree
Dawson
Dee[13]
Diamantina
Don
Ducie
Dumaresq
E
Edward
Elliott
Embley
Endeavour
Enoggera
Eprapah
Esk
F
Flinders
Fitzroy
G
Georgina
Gilbert-Einasleigh
Gilliat
Gregory
H
Hann
Haughton
Herbert
Holroyd
I
Isaac
Isis
Ithaca
J
Jackey Jackey
Jardine[14]
Jeannie
Johnstone
K
Kedron
Kendall
Kolan
L
Langlo
Laura
Leichhardt
Lockhart
Lockyer
Loders
Logan
Lynd
M
Mackenzie
Maranoa
Maroochy
Mary
Mcdonald
Merivale
Mission
Mitchell
Moggill
Mooloolah
Moonie
Mossman
Mulgrave
N
Nerang
Nicholson
Nive
Nogoa
Norman
Norman
Normanby
Noosa
North Pine
O
O'Connell
Olive
Oxley
P
Palmer
Paroo
Pascoe
Pennefather
Pike
Pimpama
Pine
Pioneer
Proserpine
R
Ross
Russell
S
Sandover
Saxby
Settlement
Severn
South Pine
Staaten
Stanley
Stuart
Stewart
Styx
Susan
Suttor
T
Tallebudgera
Tate
Thomson
Tingalpa
Tully
W
Walsh
Wanggoolba
Warrego
Ward
Ward
Waterpark
Watson
Weir
Wenlock
Western[15]
Wilson
Y
Yappar
South Australia[edit]
Main article: Rivers of South Australia
Rivers of South Australia template
Alberga
Anacotilla
Angas
Breakneck
Bremer
Broughton
Bungala
Chapman
Congeratinga
Cooper
Crystal Brook
Currency
Cygnet
De Mole
Diamantina
Eleanor
Eyre
Field
Finniss
Finke
Frome
Gawler
Georgina
Gilbert
Glenelg
Harriet
Hill
Hindmarsh
Hutt
Inman
Jacobs
Kallakoopah
Light
Little Para
Macumba
Marne
Middle
Murray
Myponga
Neales
North Para
North West
Officer
Onkaparinga
Panalatinga
Parananacooka
Patawalonga
Port
Rocky (Kangaroo Island)
Rocky (Mid North)
Sandy
Siccus
South Para
South West
Strzelecki
Stun Sail Boom
Sturt
Tod
Torrens
Wakefield
Warburton
Western
Willson
Yankalilla
Yattagolinga
Tasmania[edit]
Main articles: Rivers of Tasmania and List of rivers of Tasmania
Rivers of Tasmania template
Adams
Andrew
Anne
Anthony
Apsley
Arm
Arthur
Arve
Badger
Black
Black Bobs
Blackman
Blythe
Boyd
Break O'Day
Bream
Broad
Browns
Cam
Cascade
Clyde
Coal
Cockle
Collingwood
Craycroft
Crayfish
Davey
Dee
Denison
Derwent
Don
Donaldson
Dover
Duck
Elizabeth
Emu
Esperance
Florentine
Flowerdale
Forth
Franklin
Gordon
Great Forester
Hellyer
Henty
Hobart
Holley
Huon
Inglis
Isis
James
Jane
Jordan
King
Lea
Leven
Liffey
Little Swanport
Lune
Mackintosh
Macquarie
Meander
Mersey
Murchison
Nile
Nive
North Esk
Ouse
Picton
Pieman
Pipers
Pokana
Queen
Ringarooma
Ringarooma (Lower)
Rubicon
Savage
Serpentine
Shannon
Sophia
South Esk
Spero
Styx
Swan
Tamar
Tooms
Tully
Tyne
Vale
Weld
Wye
Yolande
Victoria[edit]
Main articles: Rivers of Victoria and List of rivers of Victoria
Rivers of Victoria template
Waterways of Melbourne template
A
Aberfeldy
Acheron
Ada (Baw Baw)
Ada (East Gippsland)
Agnes
Aire
Albert
Anglesea
Arte
Avoca
Avon (Gippsland)
Avon (Grampians)
B
Barham
Barkly
Barwon
Bass
Bemm
Bendoc
Benedore
Berrima
Betka
Big (Brodribb)
Big (Goulburn)
Big (Mitta Mitta)
Black
Bonang
Brodribb
Broken
Buchan
Buckland
Buffalo
Bundara
Bunyip
C
Calder
Caledonia
Campaspe
Cann
Cann River East
Carlisle
Catherine
Chetwynd
Cobungra
Coliban
Combienbar
Crawford
Crooked
Cumberland
Curdies
D
Dandongadale
Darby
Dargo
Dart
Deddick
Delatite
Delegate
Don
Dry
Dundas
E
Elliott
Errinundra
Eumeralla
F
Fitzroy
Ford
Franklin
G
Geary
Gellibrand
Genoa
Gibbo
Glenelg
Goolengook
Goulburn
Grey
H
Hartland
Hopkins
Howqua
Humffray
I
Ingeegoodbee
J
Jack (East Gippsland)
Jack (Wellington)
Jamieson
Johanna
Jordan
K
Kennet
Kiewa
King
L
Lang Lang
Latrobe
Leigh
Lerderderg
Little (Avon)
Little (Cathedral Range)
Little (Greater Geelong)
Little (Moroka)
Little (Snowy River NP)
Little (Sydenham Inlet)
Little (Tambo)
Little Arte
Little Coliban
Little Dargo
Little Goolengook
Little Murray
Little Rubicon
Little Yalmy
Little Yarra
Loch
Loddon
M
Macalister
MacKenzie
McKenzie
Maribyrnong
Merri
Mitchell
Mitta Mitta
Moe
Moroka
Moorabool
Mount Emu Creek
Morwell
Moyne
Mueller
Murray
Murrindal
Murrindindi
N
Nicholson
O
Ovens
O'Shannassy
P
Patterson
Parker
Perry
Plenty
Powlett
Q
Queensborough
R
Red
Rich
Richardson
Rocky
Rodger
Rose
Royston
Rubicon
S
Saint Patricks
St George
Shaw
Snowy
Steavenson
Stokes
Suggan Buggan
Surrey
T
Taggerty
Tambo
Tanjil
Taponga
Tarago
Tarra
Tarwin
The Old
Thomson
Thurra
Tidal
Timbarra
Toorongo
Turton
Tyres
V
Victoria
W
Wallagaraugh
Wando
Wannon
Watts
Wellington
Wentworth
Werribee
Wimmera
Wingan
Woady Yaloak
Wonnangatta
Wongungarra
Wye
Y
Yalmy
Yarra
Yarrowee
Yea
Yeerung
Western Australia[edit]
See also: List of watercourses in Western Australia
A
Abba
Adcock
Alexander
Angelo
Angove
Armanda
Arrowsmith
Arthur
Ashburton
Avon
B
Balgarup
Balla Balla
Bannister
Barker
Barnett
Barton
Beasley
Beaufort
Behn
Berckelman
Berkeley
Blackwood
Bow (southern Western Australia)
Bow (northern Western Australia)
Bowes
Bremer
Brockman
Brunswick
Buayanyup
Buchanan
Buller
C
Calder
Cane
Canning
Capel
Carbunup
Carson
Chamberlain
Chapman
Charnley
Collie
Coongan
D
Dale
Dalyup
Dandalup
De Grey
Deep
Denmark
Donnelly
Drysdale
Dunham
Durack
E
Edmund
Elvire
Ernest
Eyre
F
Ferguson
Fitzgerald
Fitzroy
Forrest
Fortescue[16]
Frankland
Fraser
Frederick
G
Gairdner (southern Western Australia)
Gairdner (northern Western Australia)
Gascoyne
Gibb
Glenelg
Goodga
Gordon
Greenough
H
Hamersley
Hann
Hardey
Harding
Harvey
Hay
Helena
Henry
Hill
Hope
Hotham
Hunter
Hutt
I
Impey
Irwin
Isdell
J
Jerdacuttup
Johnston
K
Kalgan
Kent
King Edward
King George
King (northern Western Australia)
King (southern Western Australia)
L
Landor
Laur
Lockhart
Lennard
Lort
Ludlow
Lyons
M
Mackie
Maitland
Margaret (northern Western Australia)
Margaret (southern Western Australia)
Mary
May
McRae
Meda
Minilya
Mitchell
Moore
Mortlock
Munglinup
Murchison
Murray
N
Nambung
Negri
Nicholson
Nullagine
O
Oakover
Oldfield
Ord
P
Pallinup
Panton
Pentecost
Phillips
Preston
Prince Regent
R
Richenda
Robe
Robinson
Roe
Rudall
S
Sabina
Sale
Salt
Serpentine
Shannon
Shaw
Sherlock
South Dandalup
Steere
Swan
T
Thomas
Tone
Turner
V
Vasse
W
Walpole
Warren
Waychinicup
Weld
Williams
Wilson
Wooramel
Y
Yalgar
Young
Yule

See also[edit]
Australia portal
List of rivers
List of valleys of Australia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "(Australia's) Longest Rivers". Geoscience Australia. 18 November 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Longest rivers". Geoscience Australia. Australian Government. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "List of placenames ASSIGNED as RIVERs". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Peel River (A Section Of)". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Peel River". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Douglas River / Daly River Esplanade Conservation Area". Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment and The Arts. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Latest Weather Observations for Douglas River". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "A remote fully guided barramundi fishing lodge 30 minutes from Darwin". Melville Island Lodge. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "New Bridge Over The Palmer River". Northern Territory Government. 21 April 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Search Results – Wildman River". Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (Australia). Retrieved 18 May 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Surface Water Management Area: Bowen / Broken". Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (Australia). Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bowen River". Water management. Department of Natural Resources and Water. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dee River". Water management. Department of Natural Resources and Water. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Jardine River National Park, Heathlands and Jardine River Resources Reserves". The State of Queensland (Environmental Protection Agency). Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Diamantina River". Diamantina Shire Council. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
Jump up ^ "Fortesque River at Roy Hill Station, 1926". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
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De Mole River

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Eleanor River

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/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: ავსტრალიის მდინარეების სია – Georgian

values: Listă de fluvii din Australia – Romanian

values: Список рек Австралии – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values: List of rivers of Australia – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Річки Австралії – Ukrainian

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_rivers_of_Australia rootpage-List_of_rivers_of_Australia skin-vector action-view