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One of Us (Joan Osborne song)
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"One of Us"
Single by Joan Osborne
from the album Relish
B-side
"Dracula Moon, Crazy Baby(live)"
Released
February 21, 1995
December 28, 1995 (re-release)
Recorded
1994–95; The Crawlspace (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Additional recording; Big Blue (Katonah, New York) PIE Studios (Glen Cove, New York)
Genre
Pop rock
Length
5:21
Label
Blue Gorilla Records
Mercury
Songwriter(s)
Eric Bazilian
Producer(s)
Rick Chertoff
Audio sample
file
help
"One of Us" is a song written by Eric Bazilian (of The Hooters) and originally released by Joan Osborne. Released in March 1995 on the album Relish and produced by Rick Chertoff, it became a top 40 hit in November of that year. The song is the theme song for the American television series Joan of Arcadia. The song was nominated for three Grammys and peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Lyrics
3 Music video
4 Critical reception
5 Track listings
6 Personnel
7 Accolades
8 Charts and certifications
8.1 Weekly charts
8.2 Year-end charts
8.3 Certifications
9 Appearances in other media
10 Cover versions and parodies
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
In an interview, Bazilian said, "I wrote ['One of Us'] one night — the quickest song I ever wrote — to impress a girl. Which worked, because we're married and have two kids. But we were in the middle of writing Joan's album, which was a group effort with Rick Chertoff and Joan and Rob and I, and I did a demo of 'One of Us,' this wacky little demo which I ended up putting as a hidden track on the CD of my first solo record, and I played [it] for them. And it really hadn't even occurred to me that it was something that Joan might do, but Rick, in his wisdom, asked Joan if she thought she could sing it. And I think it was better that he asked it that way rather than 'Do you want to sing it?' Because the answer to that might not have been yes. But she definitely said she could sing it, and we did a little live demo of a guitar and her singing it. And when I got into my car and popped the cassette in, I started practicing the Grammy speech that I should've gotten to give."[1]
Lyrics[edit]
The song deals with various aspects of belief in God by asking questions inviting the listener to consider how they might relate to God, such as "Would you call [God's name] to his face?" or "Would you want to see [God's face] if seeing meant that you would have to believe in things like heaven and in Jesus and the saints and all the prophets?"
The album version starts off with the first four lines of a recording titled "The Aeroplane Ride", made on October 27, 1937 by American folklorist Alan Lomax and his wife Elizabeth for the Archive of American Folk Song at the Library of Congress, with Mrs. Nell Hampton of Salyersville, Kentucky singing a variation of the 1928 John S. McConnell hymn "Heavenly Aeroplane".[2][3]
Music video[edit]
Directed by Mark Seliger and Fred Woodward, the video was mainly shot on Coney Island, with various attractions like rollercoasters, ferris wheels and the New York Aquarium shown, interchanged with the vintage-looking shots in sepia and Joan singing in front of the camera.
Critical reception[edit]
Roch Parisien called the song "a simple, direct statement of faith, honest and unadorned, one framed in a near-perfect chorus and delectable Neil Young-ish guitar riff."[4] In 2007, the song was ranked at number 54 on "VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s".[5] and number 10 on the network's 40 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the '90s.
Track listings[edit]
"One of Us" (single edit) – 5:05
CD single – France
"One of Us" (edit) – 4:16
"One of Us" (album version) – 5:21
CD single – US
"One of Us" (album version) – 5:21
"Dracula Moon" – 6:21
CD maxi single – Europe
"One of Us" (edit) – 4:16
"Dracula Moon" – 6:21
"One of Us" (album version) – 5:21
"Crazy Baby" (live from Fox Theatre) – 8:06
Personnel[edit]
Joan Osborne – vocals
Eric Bazilian – guitars, backing vocals, electric piano
Mark Egan – bass guitar
Rob Hyman – drums, Mellotron, backing vocals
William Wittman – engineering, mixing
Accolades[edit]
The song received Grammy nominations in 1996 for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, Record of the Year, and Song of the Year.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1995–1996)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[6] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[7] 13
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[8] 4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[9] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[10] 1
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[11] 5
Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM)[12] 1
Czech Republic (IFPI CR)[13] 2
Denmark (IFPI)[14] 2
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[15] 19
France (SNEP)[16] 10
Germany (Official German Charts)[17] 18
Hungary (Mahasz)[18] 2
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[19] 2
Ireland (IRMA)[20] 8
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[21] 12
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[22] 14
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[23] 11
Norway (VG-lista)[24] 2
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[25] 5
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[26] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[27] 6
US Billboard Hot 100[28] 4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[29] 20
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[30] 16
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[31] 7
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[32] 2
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[33] 6
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[34] 8
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[35] 16
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[36] 16
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[37] 50
Canada Rock/Alternative (RPM)[38] 46
France (SNEP)[39] 55
Germany (Official German Charts)[40] 67
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[41] 69
US Billboard Hot 100[42] 30
Certifications[edit]
Country
Certification
Date
Sales certified
Norway[43] Platinum 1996 10,000
US[44] Gold January 26, 1996 500,000
Appearances in other media[edit]
The theme song for the CBS television series Joan of Arcadia is a version of "One of Us" re-recorded by Osborne specifically for the show.
"One of Us" was played during a montage at the end of television series Homicide: Life on the Street episode 4x08, "Sniper Part 1" (1996).
The song appears in the 1996 movie Dear God.
"One of Us" was played during the end scenes of CBS television series Cold Case episode 4x01, "Rampage" (2006).
The song appears twice in the 2001 thriller Vanilla Sky. First the main-character David Aames (Tom Cruise) sings it being transported to his face-transplantation; later the original song is played.
The song also appears in the 2003 movie Bruce Almighty.
Part of the song appeared in 2014 on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon during the skit Ew! with Taylor Swift. Jimmy (in drag as teenage girl Sara) dances to "Come and Get It" by Selena Gomez when her unhip stepfather played by A. D. Miles barges in, confuses Selena for Joan, then proceeds to sing "What if God was one of us/Just a..." when an embarrassed Sara screams "Ewww!" to make him stop.
Cover versions and parodies[edit]
Prince covered the song on his Emancipation album, changing the phrase "just a slob" to "just a slave like one of us" in several verses.
Brad Roberts of the Crash Test Dummies recorded a cover of the song.
Mohawk Barbie recorded a sarcastic rendition for the Happy Little Trees: A Tribute to Bob Ross compilation CD in 1999.
In the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, the character Dr. Evil (Mike Myers) sings part of the song's chorus as a duet with Mini-Me (Verne Troyer) on piano, and claims to have written it himself (after having time-traveled back to 1969).
Dance covers of the song have been recorded by various artists, including Outta Control, Nasara, and Pariz.
An R&B style cover of the song by Cheryl Pepsii Riley was featured in the film Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2005).
Martyn Joseph recorded a version of this song.
Gregorian covered the song in their 2007 album Masters of Chant Chapter VI.
Bob Rivers wrote the parody "What If God Smoked Cannabis?" in 1997[45] (often incorrectly attributed to Weird Al Yankovic[46]). A less well-known parody with the same title but different lyrics was produced in 1995 by Cincinnati radio station WEBN.[47]
Theo Tams covered the song on his tour.
In 2009, Rivers Cuomo, Joe LoPiccolo, and Rainn Wilson collaborated on a cover for Sirius XM radio.
Indiana Gregg included a cover of this song on her album Woman at Work.
The Italian singer Eugenio Finardi has recorded an Italian cover titled "Uno di noi" (One of us in Italian) in 1996
The German singer Klaus Lage recorded a German cover titled "Was wenn Gott" in 2003.
Another German version, "Einer wie wir", 2007 by Erdmöbel has been performed by the Hooters themselves during recent German and European tours.
Jermaine Sellers sang his version of "One of Us" as his first audition in front of the judges on American Idol Season 9.
In 2001, Chihiro Onitsuka covered this song at a special live.
The song is covered on the Glee episode "Grilled Cheesus", by the actors Jenna Ushkowitz, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Chris Colfer, and Dianna Agron.[48]
German singer/songwriter Stefan Stoppok (de) published his version of the song in 2000, with him performing together with bass player Reggie Worthy.[49]
In 2011, Singapore singer Kit Chan covered this song on her comeback album (Re-interpreting '重譯').
In 2009, Malcolm Middleton covered the song on his EP Girl Band Pop Songs.
Eric Bazilian performed an acoustic rendition live on the Preston & Steve show at halftime of Possum Bowl I.
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1990s
List of RPM Rock/Alternative number-one singles (Canada)
List of Swedish number-one hits
Ultratop 50 number-one hits of 1996
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Will Harris (February 25, 2008). "Popdose Interview: Eric Bazilian of the Hooters".
Jump up ^ "The aeroplane ride / Nell Hampton [sound recording]" Traditional Music and Spoken Word Catalog from the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress [1]
Jump up ^ A sample of the recording "The Airplane Ride" by Nell Hampton from the album "The Gospel Ship" (New World Records)[2]
Jump up ^ Roch Parisien. "Joan Osborne - Relish - Review".
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Songs of the '90s". Blog.vh1.com. 2007-12-13. Archived from the original on 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Joan Osborne – One of Us". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Joan Osborne – One of Us" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Joan Osborne – One of Us" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Joan Osborne – One of Us" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2878." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2945." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Rock/Alternative Tracks: Issue 2845." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Czech Republic" (PDF). Music & Media. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Billboard April 27, 1996. Billboard. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne: One of Us" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Joan Osborne – One of Us" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Osborne,Joan Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 Hungary" (PDF). Music & Media. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Íslenski Listinn Nr. 156: Vikuna 10.2. - 16.2. '96" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir. February 10, 1996. p. 26. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – One of Us". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 13, 1996" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Joan Osborne – One of Us" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Joan Osborne – One of Us". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Joan Osborne – One of Us". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Joan Osborne – One of Us". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne Chart History (Alternative Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Joan Osborne Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ 1996 Australian Singles Chart aria.com (Retrieved September 5, 2008)
Jump up ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1996" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Rapports annuels 1996" (in French). Ultratop. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Year End Top 100 Hit Tracks". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Year End Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "RPM Year End Alternative Top 50". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ 1996 French Singles Chart Disqueenfrance.com Archived 2009-01-24 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved April 20, 2010)
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Single top 100 over 1996" (PDF) (in Dutch). Top40. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1996". Archived from the original on 2006-11-10. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
Jump up ^ Norwegian certifications. Ifpi.no. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ U.S. certifications. riaa.com. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ What if God Smoked Cannabis? | The Bob Rivers Show
Jump up ^ The Not Al Page Archived August 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ What If God ... by JayGilbert | Jay Gilbert | Free Listening on SoundCloud
Jump up ^ Malkin, Mark (September 29, 2010). "Hallelujah? Glee Has a Spiritual Awakening". E! Online. E!. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "STOPPOK - Ergebnisse". Stoppok.de. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
External links[edit]
"One of Us" music video on YouTube
Rock on the Net link
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
"The Heavenly Airplane" featured in the album version
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Bayley Scales of Infant Development
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III is the current version) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months.[1] This measure consists of a series of developmental play tasks and takes between 45 – 60 minutes to administer[1][2] and derives a developmental quotient (DQ) rather than an intelligence quotient (IQ).[3] Raw scores of successfully completed items are converted to scale scores and to composite scores. These scores are used to determine the child's performance compared with norms taken from typically developing children of their age (in months).[1] The most recent edition, the Bayley-III has three main subtests; the Cognitive Scale, which includes items such as attention to familiar and unfamiliar objects, looking for a fallen object, and pretend play, the Language Scale, which taps understanding and expression of language, for example, recognition of objects and people, following directions, and naming objects and pictures, and the Motor Scale, which assesses gross and fine motor skills such as grasping, sitting, stacking blocks, and climbing stairs.[3] There are two additional Bayley-II Scales depend on parental report, including the Social-Emotional scale, which asks caregivers about such behaviors as ease of calming, social responsiveness, and imitation play, and the Adaptive Behavior scale which asks about adaptions to the demands of daily life, including communication, self-control, following rules, and getting along with others.[3] The Bayley-III Cognitive and Language scales are good predictors of preschool mental test performance.[3] These scores are largely used for screening, helping to identify the need for further observation and intervention, as infants who score very low are at risk for future developmental problems.[3]
Newborn Infant
Contents
1 Development
2 First Edition (1969 - 1993)
3 Second Edition (1993 - 2006)
3.1 Application
3.2 Validity
4 Third Edition (2006 - Present)
4.1 Improvements
4.2 Application
5 References
Development[edit]
Prior to the first official scale by Nancy Bayley, research was conducted to determine which important variables should be included in a cumulative developmental test for infants. In 1965, Nancy Bayley conducted an experiment examining mental and motor test scores for infants aged 1 to 15 months, comparing sex, birth order, race, geographical location, and parental education.[4] No differences in scores were found for either scale between boys and girls, first-born and later-born, education of either father or mother, or geographic residence.[4] No differences were found between African Americans and Caucasians on the Mental Scale, but the African American babies tended consistently to score above the Caucasians on the Motor Scale.[4] These findings emphasised the need to study in careful detail the development of mental processes in the second year of life.[4] Within this period evidently will be found the explanation of the socioeconomic and ethnic differences in mental functioning that are repeatedly found for children of 4 years and older.[4] Following the need for further investigation, Nancy Bayley conducted a related experiment in which the reliability of her revised scale of mental and motor development during the first year of life was tested, which yielded the following results: (1) Mental Scale items with high tester-observer and high test-retest reliabilities deal with object-oriented behavior; (2) Mental Scale items with low test-retest reliabilities require social interaction; (3) Motor Scale items with high tester-observer and high test-retest reliabilities deal with independent control of head, trunk, and extremities; (4) Motor Scale items with low test-retest reliability require assistance by an adult.[5] These findings implicated early diagnosis of neural malfunctioning.[5] Likewise, Nancy Bayley also conducted a test on infant vocalizations and their relationships to mature intelligence was conducted it 1967, in which participants were monitored over longitudinal studies, followed infants use of vocalizing displeasures and satisfaction, and correlating them with language skills of the same individual over childhood and adolescence, into early adulthood.[6] The results indicate that vocalizations did significantly correlate with girls’ later intelligence, increasingly so with age, and more highly with verbal then performance scores.[6]
First Edition (1969 - 1993)[edit]
In 1983, 25 low-risk mother-infant pairs participated in a research project to predict the performance of 21 month olds on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-1) from characteristics of infants and mothers. Questionnaires given assessed maternal responsive attitude during the prenatal period, the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered at 5 and 10 days, and mothers and infants were observed together at 3 months. Babies were then tested on the BSID-1 when they were 21 months of age. Mothers level of education, a responsive maternal attitude and 3-month smiling and eye contact was found to predict infant performance on the Mental Scale of the BSID-1, lending support to its validity.
Second Edition (1993 - 2006)[edit]
Application[edit]
While applying the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II), it was found that scales may lead to under-estimates of cognitive abilities in infants with Down’s syndrome.[7] Researchers excluded a number of items that implicated language, motor, attentional and social functioning from the original measures the modified form was administered to 17 infants with Down’s syndrome and to 41 typically developing infants.[7] Results suggested the modified version provided a meaningful and stable measure of cognitive functioning in infants with Down’s syndrome.[7]
Validity[edit]
Researchers assessed the predictive validity of the BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) for cognitive function at school age for infants born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW).[8] Data was studied from the BSID-II tests of 344 ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Rainbow Infants and Children’s Hospital in Cleveland, OH from 1992-1995.[8] It was found that the predictive validity of a subnormal MDI for cognitive function at school age is poor but better for ELBW children who have neurosensory impairments.[8] This brought on concern that decisions to provide intensive care for ELBW infants in the delivery room might be biased because of reported high rates of cognitive impairments.[8]
Third Edition (2006 - Present)[edit]
Improvements[edit]
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley-III) is a revision of the frequently used and well-known Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition (BSID-II; Bayley, 1993).[2] Like its prior editions, the Bayley-III is an individually administered instrument designed to measure the developmental functioning of infants and toddlers.[2] Other specific purposes of the Bayley-III are to identify possible developmental delay, inform professionals about specific areas of strength or weakness when planning a comprehensive intervention, and provide a method of monitoring a child’s developmental progress. [2] The most significant revision to the Bayley-III is the development of five distinct scales (as compared to three scales in the BSID-II) to be consistent with areas of appropriate developmental assessment for children from birth to age 3.[2] Whereas the BSID-II provided Mental, Motor, and Behavior scales, the Bayley-III revision includes Cognitive, Language, Motor, Social-Emotional, and Adaptive Behavior scales.[2] Considering that the primary intent of the Bayley-III is to identify children experiencing developmental delay and not to specifically diagnose a disorder, the floor and ceiling of the subtest and total test appear to be adequate.[2] As would be expected from an adaptive behavior measure (i.e., ABAS-II) that was developed independently of the Bayley-III, the floor for the Adaptive Behavior scale extends downward to a composite score of 40 (extending upwards to a score of 160), whereas the remaining Bayley-III floor composite scores are relatively higher (Cognitive, 55-145; Language, 47-153; Motor, 46-154; Social-Emotional, 55-145).[2] One area that was not improved, however, are the subtest floor scores for the youngest children in the sample (i.e., those aged 16 to 25 days).[2] Likewise, when a 2011 study was conducted comparing the relationship between test scores using the second and third editions of the Bayley Scales in extremely preterm children, it was concluded that interpreting these scores should be done with caution as the correlation with the previous edition appears worse at lower test score values.[9]
Application[edit]
The relationship between abnormal feeding patterns and language patterns and language performance on the BSID-III at 18–22 months among extremely premature infants was evaluated.[10] 1477 preterm infants born at <26 weeks gestation completed an 18-month neurodevelopmental follow-up assessment including the Receptive and Expressive Language Subscales of the BSID-III.[10] Abnormal feeding behaviors were reported in 193 (13%) of these infants at 18–22 months.[10] It was determined with the help of the BSID-III that at 18 months adjusted age, premature infants with a history of feeding difficulties are more likely to have a language delay.[10]
Another more recent study focused on the how the application of the BSID-III was useful in recommending treatments for infants in a Neo-natal Intensive Care Unit follow-up clinic.[11] It assessed if the BSID-III was predictive of a referral for further developmental therapy.[11] Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare motor performance to recommendations for motor therapy found there was a significant difference in the gross motor scores for those who were and were not recommended for motor therapy.[11] Findings indicated that the factors that influence follow-up recommendations are complex and the test scores alone were not indicative of whether or not a referral was given.[11]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Bayley, Nancy (2006). "Bayley scales of infant and toddler development: administration manual". Harcourt Assessment. San Antonio, TX.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Albers, Craig A.; Grieve, Adam J. (2007-06-01). "Test Review: Bayley, N. (2006). Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development– Third Edition. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment". Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 25 (2): 180–190. doi:10.1177/0734282906297199. ISSN 0734-2829.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Berk, Laura (2013). Child Development, Ninth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. p. 329.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bayley, Nancy (1965-01-01). "Comparisons of Mental and Motor Test Scores for Ages 1-15 Months by Sex, Birth Order, Race, Geographical Location, and Education of Parents". Child Development. 36 (2): 379–411. doi:10.2307/1126464. JSTOR 1126464.
^ Jump up to: a b Werner, Emmy E.; Bayley, Nancy (1966-01-01). "The Reliability of Bayley's Revised Scale of Mental and Motor Development during the First Year of Life". Child Development. 37 (1): 39–50. doi:10.2307/1126427. JSTOR 1126427.
^ Jump up to: a b Cameron, James; Livson, Norman; Bayley, Nancy (1 January 1967). "Infant Vocalizations and Their Relationship to Mature Intelligence". Science. 157 (3786): 331–333. doi:10.1126/science.157.3786.331. JSTOR 1721822. PMID 6028407.
^ Jump up to: a b c Moore, Derek G.; Goodwin, Julia E.; Oates, John M. (2008-01-01). "A modified version of the BSID-II scales for cognitive matching of infants with and without Down syndrome". Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 52 (6): 554–561. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01064.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hack, Maureen; Taylor, H. Gerry; Drotar, Dennis; Schluchter, Mark; Cartar, Lydia; Wilson-Costello, Deanne; Klein, Nancy; Friedman, Harriet; Mercuri-Minich, Nori; Morrow, Mary (1 August 2005). "Poor Predictive Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for Cognitive Function of Extremely Low Birth Weight Children at School Age". Pediatrics. 116 (2): 333–341. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0173. PMID 16061586.
Jump up ^ Moore, Tammana; Johnson, Samantha; Haider, Sadia; Hennessy, Enid; Harlow, Neil (2012). "Relationship between Test Scores Using the Second and Third Editions of the Bayley Scales in Extremely Preterm Children". The Journal of Pediatrics. 160 (4): 553–558. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.09.047. PMID 22048046. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Adams-Chapman, Ira; Bann, Carla M.; Vaucher, Yvonne E.; Stoll, Barbara J. (2013). "Association between Feeding Difficulties and Language Delay in Preterm Infants Using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition". The Journal of Pediatrics. 163 (3): 680–685.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.006. PMC 3755022. PMID 23582139. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lee, Katherine (June 6, 2013). "Use of Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III by Therapists for Assessing Development and for Recommending Treatment for Infants in NICU Follow-up Clinic". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bayley_Scales_of_Infant_Development&oldid=858006628"
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Fibonacci
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the number sequence, see Fibonacci number. For the Prison Break character, see Otto Fibonacci.
Fibonacci
Born
c. 1175
Pisa[1]
Died
c. 1240–50
most likely Pisa
Occupation
Mathematician
Known for
Liber Abaci, popularizing the Hindu–Arabic numeral system in Europe
Fibonacci numbers
Parent(s)
Guglielmo Bonacci
Fibonacci (c. 1175 – c. 1250)[2] was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".[3] The name he is commonly called, "Fibonacci" (Italian: [fiboˈnattʃi][4]), was made up in 1838 by the French historian Guillaume Libri[5] and is short for "filius Bonacci" ("son of (the) Bonacci")[6] and he is also known as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo of Pisa, Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, or Leonardo Fibonacci.
Fibonacci popularized the Hindu–Arabic numeral system in the Western World[7] primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation).[8] He also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Liber Abaci (1202)
3 Fibonacci sequence
4 Legacy
5 Works
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
Fibonacci was born around 1175 to Guglielmo, a wealthy Italian merchant and, by some accounts, the consul for Pisa. Guglielmo directed a trading post in Bugia, a port in the Almohad dynasty's sultanate in North Africa. Fibonacci travelled with him as a young boy, and it was in Bugia (now Béjaïa, Algeria) that he learned about the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.[2]
Fibonacci travelled extensively around the Mediterranean coast, meeting with many merchants and learning about their systems of doing arithmetic. He soon realised the many advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system. In 1202, he completed the Liber Abaci (Book of Abacus or Book of Calculation) which popularized Hindu–Arabic numerals in Europe.[2]
Fibonacci became a guest of Emperor Frederick II, who enjoyed mathematics and science. In 1240, the Republic of Pisa honored Fibonacci (referred to as Leonardo Bigollo)[10] by granting him a salary in a decree that recognized him for the services that he had given to the city as an advisor on matters of accounting and instruction to citizens.[11]
The date of Fibonacci's death is not known, but it has been estimated to be between 1240[12] and 1250,[13] most likely in Pisa.
Liber Abaci (1202)[edit]
A page of Fibonacci's Liber Abaci from the Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze showing (in box on right) the Fibonacci sequence with the position in the sequence labeled in Roman numerals and the value in Hindu-Arabic numerals.
Main article: Liber Abaci
In the Liber Abaci (1202), Fibonacci introduced the so-called modus Indorum (method of the Indians), today known as the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.[14][15] The book advocated numeration with the digits 0–9 and place value. The book showed the practical use and value of the new Hindu-Arabic numeral system by applying the numerals to commercial bookkeeping, converting weights and measures, calculation of interest, money-changing, and other applications. The book was well-received throughout educated Europe and had a profound impact on European thought. No copies of the 1202 edition are known to exist.[16]
The 1228 edition, first section introduces the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and compares the system with other systems, such as Roman numerals, and methods to convert the other numeral systems into Hindu-Arabic numerals. Replacing the Roman numeral system, its ancient Egyptian multiplication method, and using an abacus for calculations, with a Hindu-Arabic numeral system was an advance in making business calculations easier and faster, which led to the growth of banking and accounting in Europe.[17][18]
The second section explains the uses of Hindu-Arabic numerals in business, for example converting different currencies, and calculating profit and interest, which were important to the growing banking industry. The book also discusses irrational numbers and prime numbers.[16][17][18]
Fibonacci sequence[edit]
Main article: Fibonacci number
Liber Abaci posed, and solved, a problem involving the growth of a population of rabbits based on idealized assumptions. The solution, generation by generation, was a sequence of numbers later known as Fibonacci numbers. Although Fibonacci's Liber Abaci contains the earliest known description of the sequence outside of India, the sequence had been noted by Indian mathematicians as early as the sixth century.[19][20][21][22]
In the Fibonacci sequence of numbers, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. Fibonacci began the sequence not with 0, 1, 1, 2, as modern mathematicians do but with 1,1, 2, etc. He carried the calculation up to the thirteenth place (fourteenth in modern counting), that is 233, though another manuscript carries it to the next place: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377.[23][24] Fibonacci did not speak about the golden ratio as the limit of the ratio of consecutive numbers in this sequence.
Legacy[edit]
Monument of Leonardo da Pisa (Fibonacci), by Giovanni Paganucci, completed in 1863, in the Camposanto di Pisa.
In the 19th century, a statue of Fibonacci was constructed and raised in Pisa. Today it is located in the western gallery of the Camposanto, historical cemetery on the Piazza dei Miracoli.[25]
There are many mathematical concepts named after Fibonacci because of a connection to the Fibonacci numbers. Examples include the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity, the Fibonacci search technique, and the Pisano period. Beyond mathematics, namesakes of Fibonacci include the asteroid 6765 Fibonacci and the art rock band The Fibonaccis.
Works[edit]
Liber Abaci (1202), a book on calculations (English translation by Laurence Sigler, 2002)[14]
Practica Geometriae (1220), a compendium of techniques in surveying, the measurement and partition of areas and volumes, and other topics in practical geometry (English translation by Barnabas Hughes, Springer, 2008).
Flos (1225), solutions to problems posed by Johannes of Palermo
Liber quadratorum ("The Book of Squares") on Diophantine equations, dedicated to Emperor Frederick II. See in particular congruum and the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity.
Di minor guisa (on commercial arithmetic; lost)
Commentary on Book X of Euclid's Elements (lost)
See also[edit]
Fibonacci numbers in popular culture
Republic of Pisa
Adelard of Bath
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Smith, David Eugene; Karpinski, Louis Charles (1911), The Hindu-Arabic Numerals, Boston and London: Ginn and Company, p. 128 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Knott, R. "Who was Fibonacci?". Maths.surrey.ac.uk. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
Jump up ^ Eves, Howard. An Introduction to the History of Mathematics. Brooks Cole, 1990: ISBN 0-03-029558-0 (6th ed.), p 261.
Jump up ^ "Fibonacci." Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014. 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014. HarperCollins Publishers 23 Jun. 2017 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Fibonacci
Jump up ^ Kieth Devllin "Finding Fibonacci" Princeton Univertsity Press 2017 pg 24
Jump up ^ Keith Devlin, The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution,A&C Black, 2012 p.13.
Jump up ^ "Fibonacci Numbers". www.halexandria.org.
Jump up ^ Leonardo Pisano – page 3: "Contributions to number theory". Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2006. Retrieved 18 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Singh, Parmanand. "Acharya Hemachandra and the (so called) Fibonacci Numbers". Math. Ed. Siwan , 20(1):28–30, 1986. ISSN 0047-6269]
Jump up ^ See the incipit of Flos: "Incipit flos Leonardi bigolli pisani..." (quoted in the MS Word document Sources in Recreational Mathematics: An Annotated Bibliography by David Singmaster, 18 March 2004 – emphasis added), in English: "Here starts 'the flower' by Leonardo the wanderer of Pisa..."
The basic meanings of "bigollo" appear to be "good-for-nothing" and "traveller" (so it could be translated by "vagrant", "vagabond" or "tramp"). A. F. Horadam contends a connotation of "bigollo" is "absent-minded" (see first footnote of "Eight hundred years young"), which is also one of the connotations of the English word "wandering". The translation "the wanderer" in the quote above tries to combine the various connotations of the word "bigollo" in a single English word.
Jump up ^ Keith Devlin (7 November 2002). "A man to count on". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Koshy, Thomas (2011), Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications, John Wiley & Sons, p. 3, ISBN 9781118031315 .
Jump up ^ Tanton, James Stuart (2005), Encyclopédia of Mathematics, Infobase Publishing, p. 192, ISBN 9780816051243 .
^ Jump up to: a b Sigler, Laurence E. (trans.) (2002), Fibonacci's Liber Abaci, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-387-95419-8
Jump up ^ Grimm 1973
^ Jump up to: a b Gordon, John Steele. "The Man Behind Modern Math". Retrieved 2015-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fibonacci: The Man Behind The Math". NPR.org. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Devlin, Keith. "The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution [Excerpt]". Retrieved 2015-08-29.
Jump up ^ Singh, Pamanand (1985). "The so-called fibonacci numbers in ancient and medieval India". Historia Mathematica. 12: 229–244. doi:10.1016/0315-0860(85)90021-7.
Jump up ^ Goonatilake, Susantha (1998). Toward a Global Science. Indiana University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-253-33388-9.
Jump up ^ Knuth, Donald (2006). The Art of Computer Programming: Generating All Trees – History of Combinatorial Generation; Volume 4. Addison-Wesley. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-321-33570-8.
Jump up ^ Hall, Rachel W. Math for poets and drummers. Math Horizons 15 (2008) 10–11.
Jump up ^ Fibonacci Numbers from The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
Jump up ^ Pisanus, Leonardus; Boncompagni, Baldassarre (1 January 1857). Scritti: Il Liber Abbaci. Tip. delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. p. 231 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "Fibonacci's Statue in Pisa". Epsilones.com. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
Further reading[edit]
Devlin, Keith (2012). The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution. Walker Books. ISBN 978-0802779083.
Goetzmann, William N. and Rouwenhorst, K.Geert, The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations That Created Modern Capital Markets (2005, Oxford University Press Inc, USA), ISBN 0-19-517571-9.
Goetzmann, William N., Fibonacci and the Financial Revolution (October 23, 2003), Yale School of Management International Center for Finance Working Paper No. 03–28
Grimm, R. E., "The Autobiography of Leonardo Pisano", Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1973, pp. 99–104.
Horadam, A. F. "Eight hundred years young," The Australian Mathematics Teacher 31 (1975) 123–134.
Gavin, J., Schärlig, A., extracts of Liber Abaci online and analyzed on BibNum [click 'à télécharger' for English analysis]
External links[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Leonardo of Pisa.
"Fibonacci, Leonardo, or Leonardo of Pisa." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (April 20, 2015). [1]
Fibonacci at Convergence
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
Fibonacci (2 vol., 1857 & 1862) Il liber abbaci and Practica Geometriae - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library
Fibonacci, Liber abbaci Bibliotheca Augustana
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Lake of the Ozarks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lake of the Ozarks
Aerial panorama of Lake of the Ozarks
Location
Benton, Camden, Miller, and Morgan Counties in Missouri
Coordinates
38°12′09″N 92°37′35″W / 38.20250°N 92.62639°W / 38.20250; -92.62639Coordinates: 38°12′09″N 92°37′35″W / 38.20250°N 92.62639°W / 38.20250; -92.62639
Type
Reservoir
Primary inflows
Grandglaize Creek, Gravois Creek, Niangua River, Osage River
Primary outflows
Osage River
Catchment area
14,000 sq mi (36,300 km2)
Basin countries
United States
Managing agency
Ameren Missouri
Built
August 6, 1929 (1929-08-06)
First flooded
February 2, 1931 (1931-02-02)
Max. length
93 miles (150 km)[1]
Surface area
54,000 acres (220 km2)[2]
Max. depth
130 ft (40 m)[3]
Water volume
1,927,000 acre·ft (2.377×109 m3)[1]
Residence time
2-4 months
Shore length1
1,150 miles (1,850 km)
Surface elevation
660 ft (201 m)
Settlements
Camdenton, Lake Ozark, Laurie, Osage Beach, Sunrise Beach, Village of Four Seasons
References
[2][3][4]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
The Lake of the Ozarks is a large reservoir created by impounding the Osage River in the northern part of the Ozarks in central Missouri. Extents of three smaller tributaries to the Osage are included in the impoundment: the Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km2) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline, and the main channel of the Osage Arm stretches 92 miles (148 km) from end to end. The total drainage area is over 14,000 square miles (36,000 km2). The lake's serpentine shape has earned it the nickname "The Magic Dragon", which has in turn inspired the names of local institutions such as The Magic Dragon Street Meet.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Hydrography
4 Infrastructure
4.1 Bridges
5 Management
6 Tourism and recreation
6.1 Parks
6.2 Golf courses
7 Media
7.1 Radio
7.2 Television
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
1945 aerial of Lake of the Ozarks, the "Missouri Dragon"
A hydro-electric power plant on the Osage River was first pursued by Kansas City developer Ralph Street in 1912. He put together the initial funding and began building roads, railroads, and infrastructure necessary to begin construction of the dam, with a plan to impound a much smaller lake. In the mid-1920s, Street’s funding dried up and he abandoned the effort.[6]
The lake was created by the construction of the 2,543-foot (775 m) long Bagnell Dam by the Union Electric Company of St. Louis, Missouri. The principal engineering firm was Stone and Webster. Construction began August 8, 1929, was completed in April 1931, and reached spillway elevation on May 20, 1931. During construction, the lake was referred to as Osage Reservoir or Lake Osage. The Missouri General Assembly officially named it Lake Benton after Senator Thomas Hart Benton. None of the names stuck, as it was popularly referred to by its location in the Ozarks. The electric generating station, however, is still referred to by the utility company as the "Osage Hydroelectric Plant".[7]
At the time of construction, the Lake of the Ozarks was the largest man-made lake in the United States and one of the largest in the world. It was created to provide hydroelectric power for customers of Union Electric, but it quickly became a significant tourist destination for the Midwest. Most of its shoreline is privately owned, unlike many flood-control lakes in the region that were constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The relatively stable surface elevation has created ideal conditions for private development within a few feet of the shoreline. There are over 70,000 homes along the lake, many of which are vacation homes. Spectacular scenery characteristic of the Ozarks has also helped to transform the lake into a major resort area, and more than 5 million people visit annually.
In 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) renewed the lease for the power plant operated by Ameren Missouri. In the process, FERC determined that numerous homes and structures were encroaching on utility land in violation of federal regulations. According to the Boston Globe, this issue "has triggered panic in the area's lakefront communities and led to a growing battle among regulators, a utility company, land attorneys, and the state's congressional delegation." [8]
Geography[edit]
The Lake of the Ozarks is located at 38°12′09″N 92°37′35″W / 38.20250°N 92.62639°W / 38.20250; -92.62639 (38.2025326, -92.6262966) at an elevation of 568 feet (173 m).[4] It lies in central Missouri on the Salem Plateau of the Ozarks.[9] The lake extends across four Missouri counties, from Benton County in the west through Camden County and Morgan County to Miller County in the east.[10]
The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Bagnell Dam, and the Osage River is both its primary inflow and outflow.[10] Long and winding in shape, the lake consists of the main, 93-mile-long (150 km) Osage River channel as well as several arms, each fed by a different tributary.[1][10] The southwestern arm is fed by the Niangua and Little Niangua Rivers,[11] the southeastern arm by Grandglaize Creek,[12] and the northern arm by several streams including Gravois Creek, Indian Creek, and Little Gravois Creek.[13] Many smaller tributaries also drain into the lake, creating numerous small coves and indentations in its shore.[11][12][13] As a result, the lake has approximately 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline.[2]
U.S. Route 54 runs east-west across the reservoir's southwestern arm and then generally northeast-southwest along its eastern shoreline, crossing the southeastern arm at Osage Beach. Missouri Route 5 runs generally north-south along the lake's western shoreline, crossing the main channel at Hurricane Deck. Missouri Route 7 runs generally northwest-southeast to the lake's southwest, crossing the southwestern arm. Missouri Route 134 runs southeast from U.S. 54 north of Osage Beach to its southern terminus in Lake of the Ozarks State Park. In addition, a network of lettered, supplemental state routes provides access to various points along the lake shore.[10]
Numerous settlements are located near or on the Lake of the Ozarks. The largest is Osage Beach which sits where the lake's southeastern arm joins the main channel. The second largest is the city of Camdenton, located on U.S. 54 a few miles east of the southwestern arm. Lake Ozark lies immediately north of Osage Beach and just south of Bagnell Dam. Other, smaller communities along or near the lake include (from east to west): Kaiser, Lakeside, Linn Creek, Village of Four Seasons, Rocky Mount, Sunrise Beach, Hurricane Deck, Gravois Mills, Laurie, and Lakeview Heights.[10]
Hydrography[edit]
The Lake of the Ozarks has a storage capacity of approximately 1,927,000 acre feet (2.377×109 m3).[1] When filled to that volume, it has a surface elevation of 660 feet (200 m) and occupies a surface area of approximately 54,000 acres (220 km2).[2][14] The lake rarely varies in surface elevation by more than 5 feet (1.5 m).[14] As it was constructed for power generation, not flood control, the lake has only limited flood control capacity.[1]
Due to its large volume and surface area, various sources identify the Lake of the Ozarks as either the largest reservoir in Missouri or the second-largest after Truman Reservoir.[15][16][17]
Infrastructure[edit]
Bagnell Dam
Main article: Bagnell Dam
Bridges[edit]
Here is a list of historic bridges that were on the lake.
Grand Glaize Bridge — Replaced by two girder bridges.
Hurricane Deck Bridge — Replaced in 2014
Niangua Bridge — Replaced by a girder bridge.
Niangua Arm US 54 Bridge — Replaced by a girder bridge.
Management[edit]
Bagnell Dam is operated and maintained by Ameren Missouri, the successor of Union Electric, under the authority of a permit issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Ameren Missouri is also responsible for managing both the shoreline and water levels of the lake. All land surrounding the lake that is within the project boundary defined by the FERC is under the company's jurisdiction. Any improvements to the shoreline including docks, seawalls, and other structures require permission from Ameren Missouri prior to construction.[18]
Tourism and recreation[edit]
Anderson Hollow Cove, informally known as Party Cove, in 2007.
Parks[edit]
During the process of land acquisition for the lake during the 1920s, 17,500 acres (71 km2) of land were set aside for a national park along the Grand Glaize Arm of the lake. In 1946, this land was acquired by the State of Missouri for Lake of the Ozarks State Park, the largest State Park in Missouri. Lake of the Ozarks State Park is home to Party Cove, a rowdy gathering spot that a New York Times writer called the "oldest established permanent floating bacchanal in the country."[19] The Missouri State Water Patrol has estimated that the cove attracts up to 3,000 boats during the Fourth of July weekend.[19]
Another state park on the shores of the lake is Ha Ha Tonka State Park on the Niangua Arm of the lake.
Golf courses[edit]
This section contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Lodge of Four Seasons (Championship Course). Classic Robert Trent Jones design occupies raised fingers of land that jut into the lake. Signature par-three 13th calls for a long carry over a cove to reach the green. One of the Midwest's prettiest, most challenging courses.[20][not specific enough to verify]
Osage National Golf Club. This Arnold Palmer layout is a big-time test (7,150 yards from tips) nestled between the Lake of the Ozarks and the imposing bluffs of the Osage River. Creeks, lakes, and large, undulating bentgrass greens defend par.[21][dead link]
Shawnee Bend Golf Course. Classic Ozark golf on the far Westside of the Lake in Warsaw. Opened in 1985, it is now considered[by whom?] one of the best 9 hole courses in the Midwest. Signature par-three 5th hole is one of the most scenic holes in the state of Missouri.
Media[edit]
Radio[edit]
Frequency
Callsign
Nickname
Format
Owner
City of License
Web site
89.3FM KIRL Gospel Full Smile, Inc. Osage Beach, MO
90.3FM KCRL Religion Bott Radio Sunrise Beach, MO [22]
91.7FM KCVO-FM Spirit FM Christian Contemporary Lake Area Educational Broadcasting Foundation Camdenton, MO [23]
92.7FM KLOZ Mix 92.7 Hot AC Benne Broadcasting Company, LLC Eldon, MO [24]
93.5FM KMYK 93.5 Rocks the Lake Classic Rock Viper Communications, Inc. Osage Beach, MO [25]
95.1FM KTKS KS95 Country Benne Broadcasting Company, LLC Versailles, MO [26]
97.1FM KAYQ The Lake Classic Country Valkyrie Broadcasting, Inc. Warsaw, MO [27]
97.5FM/104.9FM/1150AM KRMS NewsTalk KRMS Talk Viper Communications, Inc Osage Beach, MO [28]
100.9FM KCKP The Pulse Channel Christian Rock Lake Area Educational Broadcasting Foundation Laurie, MO [29]
101.9FM KZWV 101.9 The Wave Adult Contemporary Zimmer Radio of Mid-Missouri, Inc. Eldon, MO [30]
102.7FM KQUL Classic Hits Cool 102.7 Classic Hits Benne Broadcasting Company, LLC Lake Ozark, MO [31]
107.9FM KCLQ 107.9 The Coyote Country Go Productions, LLC Lebanon, MO [32]
Television[edit]
Display Channel
Network
Callsign
Owner
City of License
Web site
49.1 FOX KRBK Koplar Communications Osage Beach, Missouri [33]
49.2 Me-TV
49.4 Movies!
13.1 CBS KRCG Sinclair Broadcast Group Jefferson City, Missouri
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Hydrology". Missouri Department of Conservation. Archived from the original on 2016-01-31. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Great Osage River Project from the website of the Lake of the Ozarks Convention & Visitor Bureau
^ Jump up to: a b "Midwest Diving Locations". Columbus Sea Nags Scuba Diving Club. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lake of the Ozarks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
Jump up ^ "Magic Dragon Street Meet Lake of the Ozarks : Car Show Lake of the Ozarks MO". Lake Area Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Lake of the Ozarks - Lake Ozark, MO". www.lakeozark.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Lake of the Ozarks Name". www.lakehistory.info.
Jump up ^ Chris Blank (2011), Mo. residents upset by order to move lake homes, retrieved 2011-11-07
Jump up ^ "Physiographic Regions of Missouri [Map]" (PDF). Missouri Department of Natural Resources. 2002. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Missouri Highway Map" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. 2013. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "General Highway Map - Camden County" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. June 2011. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "General Highway Map - Miller County" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. October 2011. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "General Highway Map - Morgan County" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. December 2011. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lake Ozark Guide Curve - 2015". Ameren Missouri. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
Jump up ^ Foley, William E.; McCandless, Perry (2001). Missouri Then and Now. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. p. 37.
Jump up ^ Keefer, Greg (2011-08-31). "10 Great Missouri Bass Lakes". Game & Fish. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
Jump up ^ "Lakes in Missouri, United States". Lakes Online. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
Jump up ^ "Shoreline Management". Ameren Missouri. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Party Cove: Wild in the Ozarks, a July 2005 article from The New York Times
Jump up ^ McCallen, Brian. "Lake of the Ozarks."Golf Magazine on the Web.15 September 2008 .
Jump up ^ "Golf Magazine".
Jump up ^ LLC, Voltage Creative,. "Bott Radio Network - Getting the Word of God into the People of God". Bott Radio Network.
Jump up ^ "- Spirit FM". www.spiritfm.org.
Jump up ^ "Today's Best Hits Lake of the Ozarks: Hot AC Radio : Mix 92.7". www.mix927.com.
Jump up ^ "93.5 Rock the Lake - Lake of the Ozarks - Radio Station". www.935rocksthelake.com.
Jump up ^ "Country Radio Lake of the Ozarks : KTKS : KS95.1". www.lakeradio.com.
Jump up ^ http://97.1thelake.com Archived 2013-05-17 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ http://www.krmsradio.com
Jump up ^ "- Spirit FM". www.spiritfm.org.
Jump up ^ "Home - 101.9 FM - The Wave!". 101.9 FM - The Wave!.
Jump up ^ "COOL 102.7 - Lake of the Ozarks Radio". www.cool1027.com.
Jump up ^ "Country Radio Lake of the Ozarks : Radio Station Lake of the Ozarks : 107.9 The Coyote". www.1079thecoyote.com.
Jump up ^ "Home".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake of the Ozarks.
Lake of the Ozarks travel guide from Wikivoyage
Lake of the Ozarks, Ameren Missouri
Lake of the Ozarks, Lake of the Ozarks Convention & Visitor Bureau
Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_of_the_Ozarks&oldid=799893274"
Categories:
Lake of the Ozarks
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