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List of narrative techniques
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A narrative technique (also known more narrowly for literary fictional narratives as a literary technique, literary device, or fictional device) is any of several specific methods the creator of a narrative uses to convey what they want[1]—in other words, a strategy used in the making of a narrative to relay information to the audience and, particularly, to "develop" the narrative, usually in order to make it more complete, complicated, or interesting. Literary techniques are distinguished from literary elements, which exist inherently in works of writing.
Contents
[hide]
1 Setting
2 Plots
3 Perspective
4 Style
5 Theme
6 Character
7 References
Setting[edit]
Name
Definition
Example
Setting The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative or within a work of fiction. A literary element, the setting initiates the main backdrop and mood of a story, often referred to as the story world. The novel Ulysses by James Joyce is set in Dublin, Ireland, the action taking place on a single day, 16 June 1904. The action of the novel takes place from one side of Dublin Bay to the other, opening in Sandycove to the South of the city and closing on Howth Head to the North. While the novel parallels the story of Odysseus, the hero of Homer's epic poem Odyssey, whose role is carried by Leopold Bloom, much of the setting is described realistically, with great attention to detail. The locations within Dublin also represent locations in the Odyssey. Bloom’s home is at 7 Eccles Street, and at the same time, Ithaca, the home of Odysseus. The Post office, Westland Row and Sweny’s pharmacy in Lombard Street represent the Dublin location for Episode 5, Lotus Eaters; the National Library of Ireland parallels Episode 9, Scylla and Charybdis and so on.
Plots[edit]
Name
Definition
Example
Backstory Story that precedes events in the story being told—past events or background that add meaning to current circumstances Though The Lord of the Rings trilogy takes place in a relatively short period towards the end of the 3021-year Third Age, the narration gives glimpses of the mythological and historical events which took place earlier in the Third age leading up to the action in the novel, and in the First and Second Age.
Cliffhanger The narrative ends unresolved, to draw the audience back to a future episode for the resolution. Almost every episode of the TV shows like Dexter and Breaking Bad[2] ends with one of the characters in a predicament (about to be caught by thugs, about to be exposed by the authority, or a family member or a friend finds out the main character's dirty secret).
Deus ex machina (a machination, or act of god; lit. “god out of the machine”) Resolving the primary conflict by a means unrelated to the story (e.g., a god appears and solves everything). This device dates back to ancient Greek theater, but can be a clumsy method that frustrates the audience. The phrase originates from Medea, an ancient Greek drama. An example occurs in Mighty Aphrodite and the Tamil movie Inga Enna Solluthu.
Eucatastrophe Coined by J. R. R. Tolkien, a climactic event through which the protagonist appears to be facing a catastrophic change. However, this change does not materialize and the protagonist finds himself as the benefactor of such a climactic event; contrast peripety/peripateia. At the end of The Lord of the Rings, Gollum forcibly takes away the Ring from Frodo, suggesting that Sauron would eventually take over Middle Earth. However, Gollum celebrates too eagerly and clumsily falls into the lava, whereby the ring is destroyed and with it Sauron's power. In a way, Gollum does what Frodo and the Fellowship of the Ring intended to do through the whole plot of the trilogy, which was to throw the ring into the lake of fire in the heart of Mount Doom.
Flashback (or analeptic reference) General term for altering time sequences, taking characters back to the beginning of the tale, for instance The story of "The Three Apples" in Arabian Nights tale begins with the discovery of a young woman's dead body. After the murderer later reveals himself, he narrates his reasons for the murder as a flashback of events leading up to the discovery of her dead body at the beginning of the story.
Flashforward Also called prolepsis, a scene that temporarily jumps the narrative forward in time. Flashforwards often represent events expected, projected, or imagined to occur in the future. They may also reveal significant parts of the story that have not yet occurred, but soon will in greater detail. Occurs in A Christmas Carol when Mr. Scrooge visits the ghost of the future. It is also frequent in the later seasons of the television series Lost.
Foreshadowing Implicit yet intentional efforts of an author to suggest events which have yet to take place in the process of narration. See also repetitive designation and Chekhov's gun A narration might begin with a male character who has to break up a schoolyard fight among some boys who are vying for the attention of a girl, which was introduced to foreshadow the events leading to a dinner time squabble between the character and his twin brother over a woman, whom both are courting at the same time.
Frame story, or a story within a story A main story that organizes a series of shorter stories. Early examples include Panchatantra, Arabian Nights, and The Decameron. A more modern example is Brian Jacques' The Legend of Luke.
Framing device A single action, scene, event, setting, or any element of significance at the beginning and end of a work. The use of framing devices allows frame stories to exist. In Arabian Nights, Scheherazade, the newly wed wife to the King, is the framing device. As a character, she is telling the "1,001 stories" to the King, in order to delay her execution night by night. However, as a framing device her purpose for existing is to tell the same 1,001 stories to the reader.
MacGuffin A plot device coined by Alfred Hitchcock referring to some goal, desired object, or other motivator that the protagonist pursues, often with little or no narrative explanation as to why it is considered so important. In Hitchcock’s The 39 Steps the MacGuffin is a mysterious set of “military secrets.” No one knows what they are, and in the end they mean almost nothing. For all its power, mystery, and danger, The One Ring in Lord of the Rings is a MacGuffin that saves the world. The stuff that dreams are made of. The Maltese Falcon is a powerful MacGuffin in the film of the same name, a supposedly jewel encrusted black bird which creates the greed which propels every character, even the hero.
In medias res Beginning the story in the middle of a sequence of events. A specific form of narrative hook. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer are prime examples. The latter work begins with the return of Odysseus to his home of Ithaka and then in flashbacks tells of his ten years of wandering following the Trojan War.
Narrative hook Story opening that "hooks" readers' attention so they will keep reading Any non-fiction book is often introduced with an interesting factoid.
Ochi A sudden interruption of the wordplay flow indicating the end of a rakugo or a kobanashi. A Rakugo is a Japanese verbal entertainment usually lasting 30 minutes which ends with a surprise punch line, a narrative stunt known as ochi (fall) or sage(lowering). Twelve kinds of ochi are codified and recognized. The earlier kobanashi was a short comical vignette ending with an ochi.
Plot twist Unexpected change ("twist") in the direction or expected outcome of the plot. See also twist ending. An early example is the Arabian Nights tale "The Three Apples". A locked chest found by a fisherman contains a dead body, and two different men claim to be the murderer, which turns out to be the investigator's own slave.
Poetic justice Virtue ultimately rewarded, or vice punished, by an ironic twist of fate related to the character's own conduct Wile E. Coyote coming up with a contraption to catch the Road Runner, only to be foiled and caught by his own devices. Each sin's punishment in Dante's Inferno is a symbolic instance of poetic justice.
Predestination paradox Time travel paradox where a time traveler is caught in a loop of events that "predestines" them to travel back in time In Doctor Who, the main character repeatedly finds himself under the obligation of having to travel back in time because of something his future character has done.
Quibble Plot device based on an argument that an agreement's intended meaning holds no legal value, and that only the exact, literal words agreed on apply. For example, William Shakespeare used a quibble in The Merchant of Venice: Portia saves Antonio in a court of law by pointing out that the agreement called for a pound of flesh, but no blood, so Shylock can collect only if he sheds no blood.
Red herring Diverting attention away from an item of significance. For example, in mystery fiction, an innocent party may be purposefully cast as highly suspicious through emphasis or descriptive techniques to divert attention from the true guilty party.
Self-fulfilling prophecy Prediction that, by being made, makes itself come true. Early examples include the legend of Oedipus, and the story of Krishna in the Mahabharata. There is also an example of this in Harry Potter when Lord Voldemort heard a prophecy (made by Sybill Trelawney to Dumbledore) that a boy born at the end of July, whose parents had defied Voldemort thrice and survived, would be made marked as his equal. Because of this prophecy, Lord Voldemort sought out Harry Potter (believing him to be the boy spoken of) and tried to kill him. His parents died protecting him, and when Voldemort tried to cast a killing curse on Harry, it rebounded and took away most of his strength, and gave Harry Potter a unique ability and connection with the Dark Lord thus marking him as his equal.
Story within a story (Hypodiegesis) A story told within another story. See also frame story. In Stephen King's The Wind Through the Keyhole, of the Dark Tower series, the protagonist tells a story from his past to his companions, and in this story he tells another relatively unrelated story.
Ticking clock scenario Threat of impending disaster—often used in thrillers where salvation and escape are essential elements In the TV show "24", the main character, Jack Bauer often finds himself interrogating a terrorist who is caught in order to disarm a bomb.
Chekhov's gun A dramatic principle that requires every element in a narrative to be irreplaceable, with anything else removed. "Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it's not going to be fired, it shouldn't be hanging there." — Anton Chekhov
Unreliable narrator The narrator of the story is not sincere, or introduces a bias in his narration and possibly misleads the reader, hiding or minimizing events, characters, or motivations. An example is The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. The novel includes an unexpected plot twist at the end of the novel. In the last chapter, Sheppard describes how he was an unreliable narrator.
Perspective[edit]
Name
Definition
Example
Audience surrogate A character who expresses the questions and confusion of the audience, with whom the audience can identify. Frequently used in detective fiction and science fiction, where the character asks a central character how he or she accomplished certain deeds, for the purpose of inciting that character to explain (for the curious audience) his or her methods, or a character asking a relatively educated person to explain what amounts to the backstory. Dr Watson in the Sherlock Holmes stories. Scott Evil, played by Seth Green, son of Dr. Evil on the Austin Powers movies.
Author surrogate Characters which are based on authors, usually to support their personal views. Sometimes an intentionally or unintentionally idealized version of them. A variation is the Mary Sue or Gary Stu, which primarily serves as an idealized self-insertion. Socrates in the writings of Plato. Plato never speaks in his own voice in his dialogues. In the Second Letter, it says, "no writing of Plato exists or ever will exist, but those now said to be his are those of a Socrates become beautiful and new”.
Breaking the fourth wall An author or character addresses the audience directly (also known as direct address). This may acknowledge to the reader or audience that what is being presented is fiction, or may seek to extend the world of the story to provide the illusion that they are included in it. The characters in Sesame Street often break the fourth wall when they address their viewers as part of the ongoing storyline, which is possible because of the high level of suspension of belief afforded by its audience—children. The American political drama show House of Cards also uses this technique frequently to let the viewers know what the main character Frank Underwood is thinking and planning.
Defamiliarization Taking an everyday object and presenting it in a way that is weirdly unfamiliar so that we see the object in a new way. Coined by the early 20th-century Russian literary critic Viktor Shklovsky in "Art as Technique." In, Swift’s Gulliver's Travels when Gulliver visits the land of the giants and sees a giant woman’s skin he sees it is anything but smooth and beautiful when viewed up close.[3]
First-person narration A text presented from the point of view of a character, especially the protagonist, as if the character is telling the story themselves. (Breaking the fourth wall is an option, but not a necessity, of this format.) Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses the title character as the narrator, while Sherlock Holmes is primarily told from Watson's perspective.
Magical realism Describing events in a real-world setting but with magical trappings, often incorporating local customs and invented beliefs. Different from urban fantasy in that the magic itself is not the focus of the story. Particularly popular with Latin American authors like Gabriel García Márquez. Elsewhere, Salman Rushdie's work provides good examples.
Multiperspectivity A narrative that is told from the viewpoints of multiple characters that incorporate various perspectives, emotions, and views from witnesses or actors to varying particular events or circumstances that might not be felt by other characters in the story. The films of Robert Altman. 2666 by Roberto Bolano features European literary critics, a Chilean philosophy professor, an African-American journalist, detectives investigating Santa Teresa murders and an obscure German writer named Benno Von Archimboldi. Pale Fire by Vladimir Nabokov features literature professor John Shade, Charles Kinbote, a neighbor and colleague of Shade’s and Charles the Beloved, king of Zembla. Kinbote is the ultimate unreliable commentator.
Second-person narration A text written in the style of a direct address, in the second-person. Rape: A Love Story.
Stream of consciousness The author uses narrative and stylistic devices to create the sense of an unedited interior monologue, characterized by leaps in syntax and punctuation that trace a character's fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. The outcome is a highly lucid perspective with a plot. Not to be confused with free writing. An example is Ulysses. At one point Leopold Bloom saunters through Dublin musing on “Pineapple rock, lemon platt, butter scotch. A sugar-sticky girl shovelling scoopful of creams for a Christian brother. Some school treat. Bad for their tummies.”
Third-person narration A text written as if by an impersonal narrator who is not affected by the events in the story. Can be omniscient or limited, the latter usually being tied to a specific character, a group of characters, or a location. A Song of Ice and Fire is written in multiple limited third-person narrators that change with each chapter. The Master and Margarita uses an omniscient narrator.
Style[edit]
See also: Figure of speech
Name
Definition
Example
Allegory A symbolic fiction story. C.S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is a religious allegory with Aslan as Christ and Edmund as Judas.[4]
Alliteration Repeating the same letter or consonant sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. In the film V for Vendetta the main character performs a couple of soliloquies with a heavy use of alliteration. e.g.. "Voilà! In view, a humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of Fate. This visage, no mere veneer of vanity, is a vestige of the vox populi, now vacant, vanished, as the once vital voice of the verisimilitude now venerates what they once vilified. However, this valorous visitation of a bygone vexation stands vivified, and has vowed to vanquish these venal and virulent vermin vanguarding vice and vouchsafing the violently vicious and voracious violation of volition. The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta held as a votive, not in vain, for the value and veracity of such shall one day vindicate the vigilant and the virtuous. Verily, this vichyssoise of verbiage veers most verbose vis-à-vis an introduction, and so it is my very good honor to meet you and you may call me V."
Amplification (rhetoric) Amplification refers to a literary practice wherein the writer embellishes the sentence by adding more information to it in order to increase its worth and understanding. e.g. Original sentence- The thesis paper was difficult. After amplification- The thesis paper was difficult: it required extensive research, data collection, sample surveys, interviews and a lot of fieldwork.
Anagram Rearranging the letters of a word or a phrase to form a new phrase or word. e.g. An anagram for "debit card" is "bad credit". As you can see, both phrases use the same letters. By mixing the letters a bit of humor is created.
Asyndeton When sentences do not use conjunctions (e.g.: and, or, nor) to separate clauses, but run clauses into one another, usually marking the separation of clauses with punctuation. An example is when John F. Kennedy said on January the 20th 1961 "...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty."
Bathos An abrupt transition in style from the exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect. While often unintended, bathos may be used deliberately to produce a humorous effect.[5][6] :The ballerina rose gracefully en pointe and extended one slender leg behind her, like a dog at a fire hydrant.
(Jennifer Hart, Arlington)[7]
Caesura A break, especially a sense pause, usually near the middle of a verse, and marked in scansion by a double vertical line. This technique frequently occurs within a poetic line grammatically connected to the end of the previous line by enjambment. e.g. in "Know then thyself. ‖ Presume not God to scan."
Distancing effect Deliberately preventing the audience from identifying with characters in order to let them be coolly scrutinized.[8] Popularized by 20th century playwright Bertolt Brecht.
Dramatic visualization Representing an object or character with abundant descriptive detail, or mimetically rendering gestures and dialogue to make a scene more visual or imaginatively present to an audience. This technique appears at least as far back as the Arabian Nights.[9]
Euphuism An artificial, highly elaborate way of writing or speaking. Named from Euphues (1579) the prose romance by John Lyly. "Is it not far better to abhor sins by the remembrance of others' faults, than by repentance of thine own follies?" (Euphues, 1, lecture by the wise Neapolitan)
Hyperbole Exaggeration used to evoke strong feelings or create an impression which is not meant to be taken literally. Sally could no longer hide her secret. Her pregnant belly was bigger than the planet on which she stood.
Imagery Forming mental images of a scene using descriptive words, especially making use of the human senses. The same as sensory detail. When the boots came off his feet with a leathery squeak, a smell of ferment and fish market immediately filled the small tent. The skin of his toes were red and raw and sensitive. The malodorous air was so toxic he thought he could almost taste his toes.
Leitwortstil Purposefully repeating words that usually express a motif or theme important to the story. This dates back at least to the Arabian Nights.[10]
Metonymy Word or phrase in a figure of speech in which a noun is referenced by something closely associated with it, rather than explicitly by the noun itself. This is not to be confused with synecdoche, in which a part of the whole stands for the thing itself. Metonomy: The boxer threw in the towel. Synecdoche: She gave her hand in marriage.
Overstatement Exaggerating something, often for emphasis (also known as hyperbole) Sally's pregnant belly most likely weighed as much as the scooter she used to ride before she got pregnant.
Onomatopoeia Word that sounds the same as, or similar to what the word means. "Boom goes the dynamite."
Oxymoron A term made of two words that deliberately or coincidentally imply each other's opposite. "terrible beauty"
Paradox A phrase that describes an idea composed of concepts that conflict. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." (A Tale of Two Cities)
Parody Ridicule by overstated imitation, usually humorous. MAD Magazine
Pastiche Using forms and styles from another author, generally as an affectionate tribute. Such as the many stories featuring Sherlock Holmes not written by Arthur Conan Doyle, or much of the Cthulhu Mythos.
Pathos Emotional appeal, one of the three modes of persuasion in rhetoric that the author uses to inspire pity or sorrow towards a character—typically does not counterbalance the target character's suffering with a positive outcome, as in Tragedy. In Romeo and Juliet, the two main characters each commit suicide at the sight of the supposedly dead lover, however the audience knows these actions to be rash and unnecessary. Therefore, Shakespeare makes for the emotional appeal for the unnecessary tragedy behind the young characters' rash interpretations about love and life.
Polyptoton Words derived from the same root in a sentence. "Not as a call to battle, though embattled we are." John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961.
Polysyndeton Polysyndeton is the use of several conjunctions in close succession, this provides a sense of exaggeration designed to wear down the audience. An example of this is in the first chapter of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens: "A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles, and torn by briars; who limped, and shivered, and glared and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin"
Satire The use of humor, irony or exaggeration to criticize. An example is Network. One of the earliest examples is Gullivers Travels, written by Jonathan Swift. The television program South Park is another.
Sensory detail sight, sound, taste, touch, smell. The same as imagery The boot was tough and sinewy between his hard-biting teeth. There was no flavor to speak of except for the blandness of all the dirt that the boot had soaked up over the years. The only thing the boot reminded him of was the smell of a wet-dog.
Understatement A diminishing or softening of a theme or effect. The broken ends of the long bone were sticking through the bleeding skin, but it wasn't something that always killed a man.
Theme[edit]
Name
Definition
Example
Irony This discrepancy between expectation and reality occurs in three forms: situational irony, where a situation features a discrepancy between what is expected and what is actualized; dramatic irony, where a character is unaware of pivotal information already revealed to the audience (the discrepancy here lies in the two levels of awareness between the character and the audience); and verbal irony, where one states one thing while meaning another. The difference between verbal irony and sarcasm is exquisitely subtle and often contested. The concept of irony is too often misunderstood in popular usage. Unfortunate circumstances and coincidences do not constitute irony (nor do they qualify as being tragic). See the Usage controversy section under irony, and the term tragedy. A person hears a prophecy about himself. His endeavor to stop the prophecy from coming true, makes it come true.
Metaphor Evoking imagination by means of using figurative language. Her tears were a river flowing down her cheeks.
Thematic patterning Distributing recurrent thematic concepts and moralistic motifs among various incidents and frames of a story. In a skillfully crafted tale, thematic patterning may emphasize the unifying argument or salient idea disparate events and disparate frames have in common. Each of the chapters of Ulysses by James Joyce.
Character[edit]
Name
Type
Notes
Anthropomorphism Form of personification that applies human-like characteristics to animals and objects The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi or the Cheshire Cat of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
Hamartia The character flaw of an initially rich and powerful hero that leads to his tragic downfall. This is also referred to as the tragic flaw. Oedipus kills his own father because he doesn't understand his true parentage.
Pathetic fallacy Reflecting a character's (usually the protagonist) mood in the atmosphere or inanimate objects. Related to anthropomorphism and projection For example, the storm in William Shakespeare's King Lear, which mirrors Lear's mental deterioration.
Personification Using comparative metaphors and similes to give living characteristics to abstract concepts and non-human entities Taken from Act I, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet: “When well-appareled April on the heel / Of limping winter treads.”[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Orehovec, Barbara (2003). Revisiting the Reading Workshop: A Complete Guide to Organizing and Managing an Effective Reading Workshop That Builds Independent, Strategic Readers (illustrated ed.). Scholastic Inc. p. 89. ISBN 0439444047.
Jump up ^ Demchick, Harrison (2013-09-26). "Techniques and Tension in Breaking Bad". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Literature Glossary - Defamiliarization". www.shmoop.com. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Allegory Examples". YourDictionary. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
Jump up ^ Fiske, Robert Hartwell (1 November 2011). Robert Hartwell Fiske's Dictionary of Unendurable English: A Compendium of Mistakes in Grammar, Usage, and Spelling with commentary on lexicographers and linguists. Scribner. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4516-5134-8.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Meyer Howard; Harpham, Geoffrey Galt (2009). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Cengage Learning. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4130-3390-8.
Jump up ^ High School Analogies
Jump up ^ Graham Allen (2 June 2004). Roland Barthes. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 1-134-50341-5.
Jump up ^ Heath, Peter (May 1994), "Reviewed work(s): Story-Telling Techniques in the Arabian Nights by David Pinault", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Cambridge University Press, 26 (2): 358–360, doi:10.1017/s0020743800060633
Jump up ^ Heath (1994) p.360
Jump up ^ "Personification - Examples and Definition of Personification". 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
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India men's national field hockey team
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
India
Nickname
Men in Blue; Bharat Army
Association
Hockey India
Confederation
ASHF (Asia)
Coach
Harendra Singh
Assistant coach
Roger Van Gent
Manager
Arjun Halappa
Captain
P. R. Sreejesh
FIH ranking
6 (December 2017)
Home
Away
Home
The India national field hockey team[1] was the first non-European team to be a part of the International Hockey Federation. In 1928, the team won its first Olympic gold medal and until 1956, the India men's team remained unbeaten in the Olympics, winning six gold medals in a row. The team had a 30-0 winning streak during this time, from their first game until losing in the 1960 gold medal final. India also won the 1975 World Cup.
In 2016, the Indian men's team won its first ever silver medal in Champions Trophy tournament against Australia.[2] In 2016, at Rio Olympics 2016, the Indian men's team reached the knock-out stages of the hockey event after a gap of 36 years.
India is the most successful team ever in Olympics, having won eight Olympics gold medals till date. Their 2014 Team (who qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics after winning gold at the Asian Games) is ranked sixth in the world.
Indian Hockey Team in Azlan Shah Cup 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medals table
2 Tournament history
2.1 Summer Olympics
2.2 World Cup
2.3 World League
2.4 Champions Trophy
2.5 Commonwealth Games
2.6 Asian Games
2.7 Asian Cup
2.8 Asian Champions Trophy
2.9 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
2.10 Champions Challenge
2.11 Afro-Asian Games
2.12 South Asian Games
3 Team
3.1 Current roster
3.2 Reserves
3.3 Support staff
4 Notable former players
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Medals table[edit]
Indian field hockey team in Azlan Shah Cup, India vs Argentina match
Indian Field hockey Team at 1928 Olympics
Indian Field hockey Team at 1932 Olympics
Indian Field hockey Team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Olympics 8 1 2 11
5 World Cup 1 1 1 3
5 FIH Hockey World League 0 0 2 2
8 Hockey Champions Trophy 0 1 1 2
2 Commonwealth Games 0 2 0 2
3 Asian Games 3 9 2 14
2 Asia Cup 3 5 1 9
2 Asian Hockey Champions Trophy 2 1 0 3
2 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup 5 2 7 14
3 Hockey Champions Challenge 1 1 2 4
1 Afro-Asian Games 1 0 0 1
2 South Asian Games 1 3 0 4
Tournament history[edit]
Summer Olympics[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
Wins
Draws
Losses
1 1928 Amsterdam, Netherlands 01 ! 5 0 0
2 1932 Los Angeles, USA 01 ! 2 0 0
3 1936 Berlin, Germany 01 ! 5 0 0
4 1948 London, UK 01 ! 5 0 0
5 1952 Helsinki, Finland 01 ! 3 0 0
6 1956 Melbourne, Australia 01 ! 5 0 0
7 1960 Rome, Italy 02 ! 5 0 1
8 1964 Tokyo, Japan 01 ! 7 2 0
9 1968 Mexico City, Mexico 03 ! 7 0 2
10 1972 Munich, West Germany 03 ! 6 2 1
11 1976 Montreal, Canada 7th 4 0 3
12 1980 Moscow, USSR 01 ! 4 2 0
13 1984 Los Angeles, USA 5th 5 1 1
14 1988 Seoul, South Korea 6th 3 1 3
15 1992 Barcelona, Spain 7th 3 0 4
16 1996 Atlanta, USA 8th 2 2 3
17 2000 Sydney, Australia 7th 3 2 2
18 2004 Athens, Greece 7th 2 1 4
2008 Beijing, China DNQ
19 2012 London, UK 12th 0 0 6
20 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 8th 2 1 3
21 2020 Tokyo, Japan
Totals
76
14
33
World Cup[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1971 Barcelona, Spain 03 !
2 1973 Amstelveen, Netherlands 02 !
3 1975 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 01 !
4 1978 Buenos Aires, Argentina 6th
5 1982 Bombay, India 5th
6 1986 London, UK 12th
7 1990 Lahore, Pakistan 10th
8 1994 Sydney, Australia 5th
9 1998 Utrecht, Netherlands 9th
10 2002 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 10th
11 2006 Mönchengladbach, Germany 11th
12 2010 New Delhi, India 8th
13 2014 The Hague, Netherlands 9th
14 2018 Bhubaneswar, India Q
World League[edit]
FIH Hockey World League
Year
Round
India 2012–13 6th
India 2014–15 03 !
India 2016–17 03 !
Champions Trophy[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1980 Karachi, Pakistan 5th
2 1982 Amstelveen, Netherlands 03 !
3 1983 Karachi, Pakistan 4th
4 1985 Perth, Australia 6th
5 1986 Karachi, Pakistan 5th
6 1989 Berlin, West Germany 6th
7 1995 Berlin, Germany 5th
8 1996 Madras, India 4th
9 2002 Cologne, Germany 4th
10 2003 Amstelveen, Netherlands 4th
11 2004 Lahore, Pakistan 4th
12 2005 Chennai, India 5th
13 2012 Melbourne, Australia 4th
14 2014 Bhubaneswar, India 4th
15 2016 London, UK 02 !
Commonwealth Games[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1998 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4th
2 2006 Melbourne, Australia 6th
3 2010 New Delhi, India 02 !
4 2014 Glasgow, Scotland 02 !
5 2018 Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia 4th
Asian Games[edit]
yes
Year
Host
Position
1 1958 Tokyo, Japan 02 !
2 1962 Jakarta, Indonesia 02 !
3 1966 Bangkok, Thailand 01 !
4 1970 Bangkok, Thailand 02 !
5 1974 Tehran, Iran 02 !
6 1978 Bangkok, Thailand 02 !
7 1982 New Delhi, India 02 !
8 1986 Seoul, South Korea 03 !
9 1990 Beijing, China 02 !
10 1994 Hiroshima, Japan 02 !
11 1998 Bangkok, Thailand 01 !
12 2002 Busan, South Korea 02 !
13 2006 Doha, Qatar 5th
14 2010 Guangzhou, China 03 !
15 2014 Incheon, South Korea 01 !
16 2018 Jakarta, Indonesia
Asian Cup[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1982 Karachi, Pakistan 02 !
2 1985 Dhaka, Bangladesh 02 !
3 1989 New Delhi, India 02 !
4 1994 Hiroshima, Japan 02 !
5 1999 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 03 !
6 2003 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 01 !
7 2007 Chennai, India 01 !
8 2009 Kuantan, Malaysia 5th
9 2013 Ipoh, Malaysia 02 !
10 2017 Dhaka, Bangladesh 01 !
Asian Champions Trophy[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 2011 Ordos, China 01 !
2 2012 Doha, Qatar 02 !
3 2013 Kakamigahara, Japan 5th
4 2016 Kuantan, Malaysia 01 !
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1983 Malaysia 03 !
2 1985 Malaysia 01 !
3 1991 Malaysia 01 !
4 1995 Malaysia 01 !
5 1999 Malaysia 5th
6 2000 Malaysia 03 !
7 2001 Malaysia 5th
8 2004 Malaysia 7th
9 2005 Malaysia 5th
10 2006 Malaysia 03 !
11 2007 Malaysia 03 !
12 2008 Malaysia 02 !
13 2009 Malaysia 01 !
14 2010 Malaysia 01 !
15 2011 Malaysia 6th
16 2012 Malaysia 03 !
17 2013 Malaysia 5th
18 2015 Malaysia 03 !
19 2016 Malaysia 02 !
20 2017 Malaysia 03 !
21 2018 Malaysia 5th
Champions Challenge[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 2001 Kuala Lumpur 01 !
2 2007 Boom 03 !
3 2009 Salta 03 !
4 2011 Johannesburg 02 !
Afro-Asian Games[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 2003 Hyderabad, India 01 !
South Asian Games[edit]
No
Year
Host
Position
1 1995 Madras, India 01 !
2 2004 Islamabad, Pakistan 02 !
3 2010 Dhaka, Bangladesh 02 !
4 2016 Guwahati, India 02 !
Team[edit]
* denotes players part of the 2018 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy squad.
Caps as of 16 June 2018 as per FIH.
Current roster[edit]
Players who are part of the 33-member core squad for 2018:[3]
No.
Pos.
Name
Birthdate
From
Caps
Club
2 GK Chikte, AkashAkash Chikte (1992-07-24) 24 July 1992 (age 25) Yavatmal, Maharashtra 48 Ranchi Rays
13 GK Karkera, SurajSuraj Karkera (1995-10-14) 14 October 1995 (age 22) Mumbai, Maharashtra 23 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
16 GK Sreejesh, P. R.P. R. Sreejesh (1986-05-08) 8 May 1986 (age 32) Ernakulam, Kerala 183 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
19 GK Pathak, KrishanKrishan Pathak (1997-04-24) 24 April 1997 (age 21) Kapurthala, Punjab 8 Dabang Mumbai
1 DF Singh, HarmanpreetHarmanpreet Singh (1996-01-06) 6 January 1996 (age 22) Amritsar, Punjab 68 Dabang Mumbai
3 DF Singh, Rupinder PalRupinder Pal Singh (1990-11-11) 11 November 1990 (age 27) Faridkot, Punjab 192 Delhi Waveriders
4 DF Singh, GurinderGurinder Singh (1995-01-01) 1 January 1995 (age 23) Ropar, Punjab 25 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
6 DF Kumar, SurenderSurender Kumar (1993-11-23) 23 November 1993 (age 24) Karnal, Haryana 81 Delhi Waveriders
12 DF Tirkey, DipsanDipsan Tirkey (1998-10-15) 15 October 1998 (age 19) Sundergarh, Odisha 24 Kalinga Lancers
22 DF Kumar, VarunVarun Kumar (1995-07-25) 25 July 1995 (age 22) Jalandhar, Punjab 37 Punjab Warriors
23 DF Xess, Nilam SanjeepNilam Sanjeep Xess (1998-11-07) 7 November 1998 (age 19) Bargarh, Odisha 10 Kalinga Lancers
26 DF Lakra, BirendraBirendra Lakra (1990-02-03) 3 February 1990 (age 28) Simdega, Jharkhand 154 Ranchi Rays
30 DF Rohidas, AmitAmit Rohidas (1993-05-10) 10 May 1993 (age 25) Sundergarh, Odisha 53 Kalinga Lancers
5 MF Singh, KothajitKothajit Singh (1992-08-17) 17 August 1992 (age 25) Imphal East, Manipur 180 Ranchi Rays
7 MF Singh, ManpreetManpreet Singh (1992-06-26) 26 June 1992 (age 25) Jalandhar, Punjab 216 Ranchi Rays
8 MF Singh, SardarSardar Singh (1986-07-15) 15 July 1986 (age 31) Sirsa, Haryana 298 Punjab Warriors
10 MF Singh, SimranjeetSimranjeet Singh (1996-12-27) 27 December 1996 (age 21) Batala, Punjab 8 Ranchi Rays
15 MF Uthappa, S. K.S. K. Uthappa (1993-12-02) 2 December 1993 (age 24) Kodagu, Karnataka 138 Kalinga Lancers
17 MF , SumitSumit (1996-12-20) 20 December 1996 (age 21) Sonipat, Haryana 43 Ranchi Rays
18 MF Sharma, NilakantaNilakanta Sharma (1995-05-02) 2 May 1995 (age 23) Imphal East, Manipur 19 Dabang Mumbai
21 MF Singh, HarjeetHarjeet Singh (1996-01-02) 2 January 1996 (age 22) Tarn Taran, Punjab 50 Delhi Waveriders
25 MF Singh, SatbirSatbir Singh (1993-10-22) 22 October 1993 (age 24) Gurdaspur, Punjab 64 Punjab Warriors
29 MF Singh, ChinglensanaChinglensana Singh (1991-12-02) 2 December 1991 (age 26) Imphal East, Manipur 178 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
9 FW Singh, GurjantGurjant Singh (1995-01-26) 26 January 1995 (age 23) Amritsar, Punjab 30 Dabang Mumbai
10 FW Qureshi, ArmaanArmaan Qureshi (1995-01-01) 1 January 1995 (age 23) Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 13 Punjab Warriors
11 FW Singh, MandeepMandeep Singh (1995-01-25) 25 January 1995 (age 23) Jalandhar, Punjab 103 Delhi Waveriders
14 FW Upadhyay, LalitLalit Upadhyay (1993-12-01) 1 December 1993 (age 24) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 67 Kalinga Lancers
20 FW Singh, TalwinderTalwinder Singh (1994-01-01) 1 January 1994 (age 24) Jalandhar, Punjab 69 Delhi Waveriders
24 FW Sunil, S. V.S. V. Sunil (1989-05-06) 6 May 1989 (age 29) Kodagu, Karnataka 234 Punjab Warriors
27 FW Singh, AkashdeepAkashdeep Singh (1994-12-02) 2 December 1994 (age 23) Tarn Taran, Punjab 158 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
28 FW Kumar, SumitSumit Kumar (1997-05-11) 11 May 1997 (age 21) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 6 Ranchi Rays
30 FW Yousuf, AffanAffan Yousuf (1994-12-29) 29 December 1994 (age 23) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 21 Dabang Mumbai
31 FW Singh, RamandeepRamandeep Singh (1993-04-01) 1 April 1993 (age 25) Gurdaspur, Punjab 123 Uttar Pradesh Wizards
Reserves[edit]
Other players who were part of the squad in 2018:[4]
No.
Pos.
Name
Birthdate
From
Caps
Club
4 DF Mor, MandeepMandeep Mor (1999-03-16) 16 March 1999 (age 19) Narwana, Haryana 5 –
4 DF Singh, JarmanpreetJarmanpreet Singh (1996-07-18) 18 July 1996 (age 21) Amritsar, Punjab 0 –
30 MF Prasad, VivekVivek Prasad (2000-02-25) 25 February 2000 (age 18) Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh 14 –
12 FW Singh, DilpreetDilpreet Singh (1999-11-12) 12 November 1999 (age 18) Amritsar, Punjab 14 –
32 FW Lakra, ShilanandShilanand Lakra (1999-05-05) 5 May 1999 (age 19) Sundergarh, Odisha 6 –
Support staff[edit]
Head coach: Harendra Singh[5]
Assistant coaches: Jugraj Singh (drag-flick) and Arjun Halappa
Analytical coach: Chris Ciriello[6]
High-performance director: David John
Scientific advisor: Scott Conway
Notable former players[edit]
Jaipal Singh Munda
Dhyan Chand
Richard Allen
Joseph Galibardy
Earnest Goodsir-Cullen
Peter Fernandes
Leslie Claudius
Raghbir Singh Bhola
Baboo Nimal
Hiranna M. Nimal
Prithipal Singh
K. D. Singh
Balbir Singh, Sr.
Udham Singh
Charanjit Singh
Shankar Lakshman
Jaman Lal Sharma
M. P. Ganesh
Ashok Kumar
Mohammed Shahid
Mohammed Riaz
Ajit Pal Singh
Balbir Singh Kullar
Merwyn Fernandes
Surjit Singh
B. P. Govinda
Zafar Iqbal
Marcellus Gomes
Jagbir Singh
Thoiba Singh
M. M. Somaya
Vasudevan Baskaran
Jalaluddin Rizvi
Pargat Singh
Dhanraj Pillay
Jude Menezes
Jugraj Singh
Viren Rasquinha
Ignace Tirkey
Dilip Tirkey
Adam Sinclair
Mukesh Kumar
Arjun Halappa
Len Aiyappa
Devesh Chauhan
Adrian D'Souza
Gagan Ajit Singh
Deepak Thakur
Prabhjot Singh
Bimal Lakra
Aslam Sher Khan
Baljit Singh Dhillon
Bharat Chettri
Dhananjay Mahadik
Harbinder Singh
Sandeep Singh
See also[edit]
Hockey portal
India women's national field hockey team
List of Indian hockey captains in Olympics
Hockey in India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hockey India". Retrieved 7 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Champions trophy | Stubborn India go down to Australia in thrilling final". SportsCafe.in. 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Hockey India names 33-member squad for 2018 season". The Times of India. 3 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Goalkeeper PR Sreejesh named in India hockey squad for New Zealand tour". Deccan Chronicle. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Harendra Singh named chief coach of Indian men's hockey team". Hindustan Times. 8 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ciriello roped in as analytical coach of Indian men's hockey team". The Times of India. 16 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to India men's national field hockey team.
Official website
FIH profile
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India Squads – International Tournaments
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India squad – 1980 Summer Olympics – Gold medal
1 Schofield (GK)
2 Chettri
3 Dung Dung
4 R. Singh
5 D. Singh
6 G. Singh
7 R. P. Singh
8 Baskaran (c)
9 Somaya
10 Kaushik
11 Kumar
12 Fernandes
13 Rana
14 Shahid
15 Iqbal
16 Sodhi
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India squad – 2004 Summer Olympics – 7th place
1 Chauhan
3 D. Tirkey
4 S. Singh
6 I. Tirkey
7 P. Singh
8 Thakur
9 D. Pillay
10 Singh Dhillon
11 GA Singh
12 D'Souza
24 Xalco
18 Rasquinha
23 Halappa
24 Sinclair
25 H. Singh
27 V. Pillay
Coach: Rach
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India squad – 2006 FIH World Cup
1 Chettri (GK)
2 D. Tirkey (c)
3 K. Singh
4 Vakkaliga
6 P. Tirkey
9 G. A. Singh
10 T. Singh
11 Kumar
12 D'Souza (GK)
15 R. Singh
16 S. Singh
18 Rasquinha
19 Hariprasad
21 Swamy
22 I. Tirkey
23 Halappa
27 V. Pillay
28 Khandker
Coach: Baskaran
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India squad – 2006 Commonwealth Games
1 Kumar (GK)
2 Thakur
3 K. Singh
4 San. Singh
5 T. Singh
6 I. Tirkey (c)
10 P. Tirkey
11 D. Singh
12 B. Singh (GK)
15 R. Singh
19 Sar. Singh
21 Rasquinha
23 Halappa
25 Xalao
27 V. Pillay
28 Khandker
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India squad – 2010 FIH World Cup
1 D'Souza
4 Sand. Singh
5 Halappa
7 P. Singh
8 Sard. Singh
9 Chandi
10 Thakur
11 Sara. Singh
13 G. Singh
14 Khandker
15 R. Singh (c)
16 Raveendran
18 Shiv. Singh
22 Bharat
25 Mahadik
27 V. Pillay
29 Mujtaba
32 Diwakar
Coach: Brasa
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India squad – 2010 Commonwealth Games – Silver medal
1 Chetri
2 Chiraka
3 Mujtaba
4 San. Singh
5 Halappa
6 I. Tirkey
7 Mahadik
8 Sard. Singh
9 Dha. Singh
10 Pal
11 Sara. Singh
12 Shiv. Singh
13 G. Singh
14 Khandker
15 R. Singh (c)
16 V. Pillay
Coach: Banjurjo
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India squad – 2012 Summer Olympics – 12th place
1 Tirkey
4 San. Singh
6 Chettri
7 M. Singh
8 Sar. Singh
10 D. Singh
12 Raghunath
13 G. Singh
14 Khandker
15 Uthappa
16 Sreejesh Ravindran
17 Mujtaba
18 Sh. Singh
21 Singh Chandi
24 Sunil
26 Lakra
Coach: Nobbs
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India squad – 2012 Champions Trophy – 4th place
3 R. Singh
5 K. Singh
7 M. Singh
8 Sar. Singh
9 Walmiki
10 D. Singh
12 Raghunath
15 Uthappa
16 Tirkey
17 Mujtaba
19 Thimmaiah
21 Chandi
22 San. Singh
23 Potunuri
24 Sunil
26 Lakra
27 A. Singh
28 G. Singh
Coach: Nobbs
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India squad – 2014 FIH World Cup
1 H. Singh
3 R. P. Singh
5 K. Singh
7 Manp. Singh
8 S. Singh (c)
9 Walmiki
10 D. Singh
11 Mand. Singh
12 Raghunath
13 G. Singh
14 Upadhyay
15 Uthappa
16 Sreejesh Ravindran
24 Sunil
26 Lakra
27 A. Singh
28 J. Singh
29 C. Singh
Coach: Oltmans
show
v
t
e
India squad – 2014 Commonwealth Games – Silver medal
1 Rup. Singh (c)
2 Khadangbam
3 M. Singh
4 Sar. Singh
5 D. Singh
6 Ramachandra
7 G. Singh
8 Raveendran (GK)
9 Mujtaba
10 Chandi
11 Vitalacharya
12 Lakra
13 A. Singh
14 Kangujam
15 Ram. Singh
16 Thimmaiah
Coach: Walsh
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team&oldid=846106480"
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