text:
The Grove (Ole Miss)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article may be written from a fan's point of view, rather than a neutral point of view. Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A sea of red and blue tents takes over The Grove on football game day.
The Grove is the tailgating area located at the center of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) campus. It is approximately 10 acres (4.0 ha) in size. The Grove takes its name from "the oak, elm and magnolia trees surrounding the area.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Game day
3 Legendary
4 Walk of Champions
5 Grove Bowl
6 Off-Season Events
7 References
History[edit]
Originally, gathering in The Grove was an informal tailgating get-together when most serious pre-game socializing took place at the fraternity and sorority houses. By the 1950s, the Grove started to become its own pregame tradition.[2]
Automobiles, including RV campers, have been kept out of The Grove since a rainstorm in 1991 that reduced the Grove to a rutted swamp. The autos were replaced by tents. As a result of fans claiming certain areas within The Grove for their tents, and often being angered when they arrived and found another person in "their spot." The Ole Miss Alumni Association's Grove Society began in 1998 to preserve the 10-acre (4.0 ha) green space.[3] The Grove Society posts a strict schedule for the event.[2]
Game day[edit]
Described as "the Holy Grail of tailgating sites" by Sporting News,[4] The Grove comes to life for Ole Miss Rebels football home games with as many as 100,000 fans.[5] Fans arrive often around noon the day before the game (campus rule is no one allowed to "stake their claim" before 7:30 pm[6], which is strictly enforced by campus police) to grab their spot in The Grove. This usually serene area of campus becomes a sea of red, white and blue tents. Ole Miss students generally dress in their Sunday best: Men wear slacks, button-up shirts, bow ties, Sperry Top Siders, and coats while women wear cocktail dresses or brightly colored sundresses and high heel shoes. Some older fans also dress in this style.[1]
Many tents are set up with fine kitchenware, with lots of lace and designer doilies, fine china, chandeliers, sterling silver or silver-plated candelabras and sterling silver or silver-plated utensils along with chandeliers in some tents. Much of the food is laid out on table cloths in sterling silver or silver-plated servers.[1]
The food fare often consists of hors d'oeuvres, but as with most tailgating parties, barbecue still has authority.[1] There's also traditional Southern food, including fried chicken, pork, homemade dressings, mashed potatoes and stuffed eggs.[7]. However, open flame and propane grills are not allowed in the Grove, so food is not actually allowed to be cooked at the tailgates [8]
When a person yells out the phrase "Are you ready?" this is the beginning of an Ole Miss cheer, known as "Hotty Toddy."[2]
On cue, hundreds of fans reply, "Hell Yeah! Damn Right!"
Then, in unison, they begin to chant the Hotty Toddy cheer:[2]
“ Hotty Toddy, Gosh almighty
Who the hell are we, Hey!
Flim Flam, Bim Bam
Ole Miss, by damn!' ”
There's also a "G-rated" version of "Hotty Toddy" for the younger Ole Miss fans:[1]
“ Hotty Toddy, Gosh almighty
Who are we? Hey!
Flim Flam, Bim Bam
Ole Miss, Yes Ma'am! ”
The bathrooms in The Grove on gameday and are named the "Hotty Toddy Potty" and the "Hotty Toddy Potty Too" respectively and set up around The Grove.[7]
Former Ole Miss football quarterback Eli Manning shared his times in The Grove as a child and as a former student:[9]
“ I went a lot when I was in middle school and as a kid. You'd play pickup football in your best clothes and your parents would come looking for you. They'd find you all muddy and sweaty. People always think of it as a place for alumni and students, but some of my best memories from there are as a kid. As a student, after games I would go back into The Grove. My parents (Archie and Olivia Manning) always had a tent and we had the full setup. (We didn't have anything) too ritualistic (in our tent); nothing as fancy as some of the others get. But we always had some sort of shrimp dish, being from New Orleans. And then some sandwiches. Chili. Fried chicken. Boiled peanuts. Veggie spreads. Dip. More drinks. ”
Legendary[edit]
ESPN ranked The Grove as the number two college football tailgating spot in the country.[10] In its review, it said:[10]
“ Tailgating in The Grove is an experience so sublime even native son William Faulkner would be at a loss to describe it. ”
Additionally, Sports Illustrated ranked The Grove number one.[5] In its review, it said:[5]
“ There is no more beautiful spot to tailgate, nor one richer in tradition; the Grove has been the site of pregame picnicking for more than half a century. ”
The New York Times called The Grove "the mother and mistress of outdoor ritual mayhem":[2]
“ The glory of the Grove is legend at all of Ole Miss’s rival schools in the Southeastern Conference and beyond. It is the mother and mistress of outdoor ritual mayhem. ”
A common saying by "grovers" is "We may not win every game, but we've never lost a party."[2]
Joe Cahn, known as "The Commissioner of Tailgating", said after his 2003 Tailgating tour that The Grove is "probably the most single outstanding tailgating area in the country."[11] He continued:
“ There may be bigger…there may be louder…but there truly isn’t any better tailgating than Ole Miss. ”
The Columbia Missourian newspaper called The Grove, "the mecca of tailgating in American sports."[7]
Walk of Champions[edit]
The Walk of Champions arch entrance to The Grove.
When Billy Brewer became head football coach in 1983, he was looking for a way to give fame to the football team. He would take them on a different route each game. Brewer would walk the team from Kinard Hall, the athletic dormitory, across campus to Vaught–Hemingway Stadium. [4]
In 1985, Brewer decided on a specific route so that the fans could always see the players. Every Saturday the team would divide The Grove on the east side of the Student Union and then continue down a sidewalk in the middle of the Grove. Ole Miss fans swarm both sides of the sidewalk in order to greet the players with loud cheers before the game. The overly excited fans reach out and touch the players as they pass before them.[4]
As the tradition continued, the ironically named "Walk of Champions" arch was built in the fall of 1998 on the east side of The Grove. The 1962 football team, which is the only team in Ole Miss football history to finish with a perfect record, gave the arch to the University. The 1962 team won the SEC title and was also named National Champion by the Litkenhous Ratings. [4] However, none of the four major selectors (AP, UPI, FWAA, NFF) named the Rebels as their national champions in 1962 [12].
Grove Bowl[edit]
The Grove Bowl is the name of the annual spring intrasquad scrimmage in Vaught–Hemingway Stadium. The game is played between the "Red" squad and the "Blue" squad. Ole Miss football players are assigned to a squad by the coaches and then play a full-contact game. Tickets are sold to the game. A school-record Grove Bowl crowd of 28,375 fans attended the 2009 Grove Bowl. Tailgating in The Grove also takes place at the Grove Bowl.
Off-Season Events[edit]
Even though the Grove is known for its great tailgating spot during Ole Miss football season, it also hosts many events throughout the year. Every year, the city of Oxford hosts an event known as the Lafayette-Oxford-University Summer Sunset Series. This event takes place throughout the Ole Miss campus. On June 12, 2011, Kenny Brown performed in the Grove for the Summer Sunset Series. On June 10, 2012, Silas Reed N'Da Books performed for this event in the grove as well. Each year different performers perform in the Grove for the residents of Oxford and the Ole Miss community.[13] As well as the Summer Sunset Series, there are also many different concerts that happen in the Grove thanks to the Student Activities Association at Ole Miss. In 2014 on a Friday night, Nelly performed in the Grove for hundreds of Ole Miss students. In 2015, the Student Activities Association set up a concert in the Grove where Thomas Rhett performed during the day and into the night. [14]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e ESPN: Nothin' like a Hotty Toddy party to kick off Saturday
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f The New York Times: At Ole Miss, the Tailgaters Never Lose
Jump up ^ Ole Miss Grove Society: Protect the Grove
^ Jump up to: a b c d OleMissSports.com: The Grove
^ Jump up to: a b c Sports Illustrated: Best Tailgating
Jump up ^ http://olemissfb.com/the-grove/tailgating-ten/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c Columbia Missourian: Long-time tradition brings fans to The Grove
Jump up ^ http://olemissfb.com/the-grove/tailgating-ten/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Sports Illustrated: Road Trip: University of Mississippi
^ Jump up to: a b ESPN: The Road Warrior: Best College Tailgating Scenes
Jump up ^ TailGaiting.com: Ole Miss Tailgate Parties
Jump up ^ http://www.ncaa.com/history/football/fbs. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ museum.olemiss.edu/summer-sunset-series
Jump up ^ live.oxfordms.com
[show]
v
t
e
Ole Miss Rebels football
Venues
Vaught–Hemingway Stadium (1915–present)
Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium (alternate, 1941–96)
Bowls & rivalries
Bowl games
Alabama
Arkansas
LSU: Magnolia Bowl
Memphis
Mississippi State: Egg Bowl (Golden Egg)
Tulane
Vanderbilt
Culture & lore
Colonel Reb
Rebel Black Bear
"Forward Rebels"
The Pride of the South
The Grove
People
Head coaches
NFL draftees
Statistical leaders
Seasons
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
National championship seasons in bold
[show]
v
t
e
The University of Mississippi
Located in: Oxford, Mississippi
Academics
People
Jeffrey Vitter (chancellor)
University of Mississippi Academics
Divisions
Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College
University of Mississippi School of Law
University of Mississippi School of Engineering
University of Mississippi School of Business Administration
Croft Institute for International Studies
National Center for Remote Sensing, Air and Space Law
Center for the Study of Southern Culture
Athletics
Teams
Ole Miss Rebels
Football
Basketball
Men
Women
Baseball
Tennis
The Pride of the South (marching band)
Football rivalries
Egg Bowl (Mississippi State)
Magnolia Bowl (LSU)
Arkansas
Alabama
Facilities
Vaught–Hemingway Stadium
The Pavilion at Ole Miss
Tad Smith Coliseum
Swayze Field
Ole Miss Soccer Stadium
Palmer/Salloum Tennis Center
Ole Miss Track & Field Complex
Ole Miss Softball Complex
Gillom Sports Center
University Golf Course
Campus
Main
University, Mississippi
Lyceum–The Circle Historic District
Martindale Student Services Center
University of Mississippi Museum
Rowan Oak
Barnard Observatory
Kennon Observatory
The Grove
Other
University of Mississippi Field Station
University of Mississippi Medical Center
University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Student life
The Daily Mississippian
WUMS Rebels Radio
Alumni
Traditions
Rebel Black Bear
Colonel Reb
Forward Rebels
Hotty Toddy!
Outreach
Mississippi Teacher Corps
Founded: 1848
Students: 24,250
Endowment: 593.9 million
Coordinates: 34°21′56.63″N 89°31′57.59″W / 34.3657306°N 89.5326639°W / 34.3657306; -89.5326639
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Grove_(Ole_Miss)&oldid=809056201"
Categories:
Ole Miss Rebels football
University of Mississippi
Geography of Lafayette County, Mississippi
Hidden categories:
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
Articles with a promotional tone from January 2013
All articles with a promotional tone
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 6 November 2017, at 21:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-fanpov

values:
/wiki/Hors_d%27%C5%93uvre
mw-redirect
Hors d'œuvre

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;

values: vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;

values: width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;

values: margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;

values: background-color:#14213D;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Ole Miss Rebels football navbox

values: Template talk:Ole Miss Rebels football navbox

values: background-color:#14213D;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CE1126, inset -2px -2px 0 #CE1126;;width:1%

values: List of Ole Miss Rebels head football coaches

values: List of Ole Miss Rebels in the NFL Draft

values: Ole Miss Rebels football statistical leaders

values: List of Ole Miss Rebels football seasons

values: 1890 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1891 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1892 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1894 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1895 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1896 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1898 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1899 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1900 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1901 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1902 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1903 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1904 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1905 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1914 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1915 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1916 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1917 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1918 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1919 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1920 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1922 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1923 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1924 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1925 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1926 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1928 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1929 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1930 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1931 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1932 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1933 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1934 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1935 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1936 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1937 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1938 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1942 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1944 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1946 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1949 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1966 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1967 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1974 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1975 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1976 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1980 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1981 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1982 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1983 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1984 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1985 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: 1987 Ole Miss Rebels football team (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
collapseButton1
#
color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: background:#13294B; color:#FFFFFF; -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: background:#13294B; color:#FFFFFF; -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E;;width:1%

values: width:1%;background:#13294B; color:#FFFFFF; -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C8102E, inset -2px -2px 0 #C8102E;

values: Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College

values: University of Mississippi School of Engineering

values: Croft Institute for International Studies

values: National Center for Remote Sensing, Air and Space Law

values: Center for the Study of Southern Culture

values: Lyceum Building University of Mississippi LOC HABS 572258.jpg

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: University of Mississippi Medical Center

values: University of Mississippi School of Medicine

values: List of University of Mississippi alumni

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Category:Geography of Lafayette County, Mississippi

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:Articles with a promotional tone from January 2013

values: Category:All articles with a promotional tone

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Grove_(Ole_Miss)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Grove_Ole_Miss rootpage-The_Grove_Ole_Miss vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
High-definition television
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
The lead section of this article may need to be rewritten. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. Use the lead layout guide to ensure the section follows Wikipedia's norms and to be inclusive of all essential details. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (April 2017)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
High-definition television (HDTV) is a television system providing an image resolution that is of substantially higher resolution than that of standard-definition television. HDTV is the current standard video format used in most broadcasts: terrestrial broadcast television, cable television, satellite television, Blu-rays, and streaming video.
HDTV may be transmitted in various formats:
720p (HD Ready): 1280×720p: 923,600 pixels (~0.92 MP) per frame
1080i (Full HD) : 1920×1080i: 1,036,800 pixels (~1.04 MP) per field or 2,073,600 pixels (~2.07 MP) per frame
1080p (Full HD): 1920×1080p: 2,073,600 pixels (~2.07 megapixels) per frame
Some countries also use a non-standard CEA resolution, such as 1440×1080i: 777,600 pixels (~0.78 MP) per field or 1,555,200 pixels (~1.56 MP) per frame
The letter "p" here stands for progressive scan, while "i" indicates interlaced.
When transmitted at two megapixels per frame, HDTV provides about five times as many pixels as SD (standard-definition television). The increased resolution provides for a clearer, more detailed picture. In addition, progressive scan and higher frame rates resulting in a picture with less flicker and better rendering of fast motion.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Analog systems
1.2 Demise of analog HD systems
1.3 Rise of digital compression
2 Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States
3 European HDTV broadcasts
4 Notation
4.1 Display resolutions
4.2 Standard frame or field rates
4.3 Types of media
5 Modern systems
6 Recording and compression
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History[edit]
Further information: Analog high-definition television system and History of television
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last. In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.
The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both, the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937.[2] In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
Color broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625 line broadcasts.
The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with the five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became the testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years.
There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:
EIA monochrome: 4:3 aspect ratio, 1023 lines, 60 Hz
NHK color: 5:3 aspect ratio, 1125 lines, 60 Hz
NHK monochrome: 4:3 aspect ratio, 2125 lines, 50 Hz
BBC colour: 8:3 aspect ratio, 1501 lines, 60 Hz[3]
Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the mid to late 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.
Analog systems[edit]
Main article: analog high-definition television system
Early HDTV broadcasting used analog technology, but today it is transmitted digitally and uses video compression.
In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.
In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.[4]
In 1979, the Japanese public broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio.[5] The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1035i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system.[6] Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.[7]
Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.
Demise of analog HD systems[edit]
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.
Rise of digital compression[edit]
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709.[8] In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.[9]
DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.
In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency. The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and throughout the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.
Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.
It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format,[10] and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)
Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States[edit]
HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994.[11] The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV southeast of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV.[12][13][14] The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery.[15] The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast.[15][16] The first HDTV logo was created by Washington, DC-based advertising firm Don Schaaf & Friends, Inc.
European HDTV broadcasts[edit]
The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy, where the tournament was played, and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid.[17] After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.
The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.[18]
Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe.[19] The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.
These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.
Despite delays in some countries,[20] the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites).[21]
In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television.
The Freeview HD service currently contains 13 HD channels (as of April 2016[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe; Italy's Rai HD channel started broadcasting in 1080i on April 24, 2008 using the DVB-T transmission standard.
In October 2008 France deployed five high definition channels using DVB-T transmission standard on digital terrestrial distribution.
Notation[edit]
HDTV broadcast systems are identified with three major parameters:
Frame size in pixels is defined as number of horizontal pixels × number of vertical pixels, for example 1280 × 720 or 1920 × 1080. Often the number of horizontal pixels is implied from context and is omitted, as in the case of 720p and 1080p.
Scanning system is identified with the letter p for progressive scanning or i for interlaced scanning.
Frame rate is identified as number of video frames per second. For interlaced systems, the number of frames per second should be specified, but it is not uncommon to see the field rate incorrectly used instead.
If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[22] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.
For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 30 frames (60 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 720p60 notation identifies progressive scanning format with 60 frames per second, each frame being 720 pixels high; 1,280 pixels horizontally are implied.
50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97p/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.
For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.[23]
There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly through the Internet, the colors are typically pre-converted to 8-bit RGB channels for additional storage savings with the assumption that it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen. As an added benefit to the original broadcasters, the losses of the pre-conversion essentially make these files unsuitable for professional TV re-broadcasting.
Most HDTV systems support resolutions and frame rates defined either in the ATSC table 3, or in EBU specification. The most common are noted below.
Display resolutions[edit]
Video format supported [image resolution]
Native resolution [inherent resolution] (W×H)
Pixels
Aspect ratio (W:H)
Description
Actual
Advertised (Megapixels)
Image
Pixel
720p
(HD Ready)
1280×720 1024×768
XGA 786,432 0.8 4:3 1:1 Typically a PC resolution (XGA); also a native resolution on many entry-level plasma displays with non-square pixels.
1280×720
921,600 0.9 16:9 1:1 Standard HDTV resolution and a typical PC resolution (WXGA), frequently used by high-end video projectors; also used for 750-line video, as defined in SMPTE 296M, ATSC A/53, ITU-R BT.1543.
1366×768
WXGA 1,049,088 1.0 683:384
(approx. 16:9) 1:1 A typical PC resolution (WXGA); also used by many HD ready TV displays based on LCD technology.
1080p/1080i
(Full HD)
1920×1080 1920×1080
2,073,600 2.1 16:9 1:1 Standard HDTV resolution, used by Full HD and HD ready 1080p TV displays such as high-end LCD, plasma and rear projection TVs, and a typical PC resolution (lower than WUXGA); also used for 1125-line video, as defined in SMPTE 274M, ATSC A/53, ITU-R BT.709;
Video format supported
Screen resolution (W×H)
Pixels
Aspect ratio (W:H)
Description
Actual
Advertised (Megapixels)
Image
Pixel
720p
(HD Ready)
1280×720 1248×702
Clean Aperture 876,096 0.9 16:9 1:1 Used for 750-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 296M.
1080i
(Full HD)
1920×1080 1440×1080
HDCAM/HDV 1,555,200 1.6 16:9 4:3 Used for anamorphic 1125-line video in the HDCAM and HDV formats introduced by Sony and defined (also as a luminance subsampling matrix) in SMPTE D11.
1080p
(Full HD)
1920×1080 1888×1062
Clean aperture 2,005,056 2.0 16:9 1:1 Used for 1124-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 274M.
At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasing the effective image resolution.
A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.
Standard frame or field rates[edit]
ATSC and DVB define the following frame rates for use with the various broadcast standards:[24][25]
23.976 Hz (film-looking frame rate compatible with NTSC clock speed standards)
24 Hz (international film and ATSC high-definition material)
25 Hz (PAL film, DVB standard-definition and high-definition material)
29.97 Hz (NTSC film and standard-definition material)
30 Hz (NTSC film, ATSC high-definition material)
50 Hz (DVB high-definition material)
59.94 Hz (ATSC high-definition material)
60 Hz (ATSC high-definition material)
The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.
PAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former PAL and SECAM countries operates at a frame rate of 25/50 Hz, while HDTV in former NTSC countries operates at 30/60 Hz.[26]
Types of media[edit]
Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.
See also: Telecine
Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous storage and decoding requirements compared to both 1080i and 1080p. 1080p/24, 1080i/30, 1080i/25, and 720p/30 is most often used on Blu-ray Disc.
Modern systems[edit]
Main article: Large-screen television technology
In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS at 1080i; and The CW at either resolution depending on the local affiliate). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.
Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.[27]
High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV, Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.
Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities. On November 18, 2012, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.
Recording and compression[edit]
Main article: High-definition pre-recorded media and compression
HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.
The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.
Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.
In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C.[28] This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.
See also[edit]
Display motion blur
Glossary of video terms
High Efficiency Video Coding
List of digital television deployments by country
Optimum HDTV viewing distance
Ultra-high-definition television
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jones, Graham A. (2005). A Broadcast Engineering Tutorial for Non-Engineers. Taylor & Francis. p. 34. ISBN 9781136035210. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Teletronic – The Television History Site". Teletronic.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
Jump up ^ Cianci, Philip J. (2012). High Definition Television. NC, USA: McFarland. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-7864-4975-0.
Jump up ^ Валерий Хлебородов. "HDTV in the Russian Federation: problems and prospects of implementation (in Russian)". Rus.625-net.ru. Archived from the original on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
Jump up ^ "Researchers Craft HDTV's Successor".
Jump up ^ "Digital TV Tech Notes, Issue #2".
Jump up ^ James Sudalnik and Victoria Kuhl, "High definition television"
Jump up ^ brweb (2010-06-17). "High definition television comes of age thanks to ITU". Itu.int. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
Jump up ^ Webfactory www.webfactory.ie. "History of the DVB Project". Dvb.org. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
Jump up ^ Jim Mendrala (1999-09-27). "Digital TV Tech Notes, Issue #41". Tech-notes.tv. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
Jump up ^ "HDTV field testing wraps up". Allbusiness.com. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
Jump up ^ "History of WRAL Digital". Wral.com. 2006-11-22. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
Jump up ^ "WRAL-HD begins broadcasting HDTV". Allbusiness.com. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Comark transmitter first in at Model Station". Allbusiness.com. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Albiniak, Paige (1998-11-02). "HDTV: Launched and Counting". Broadcasting and cable. BNET. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
Jump up ^ "Space Shuttle Discovery: John Glenn Launch". Internet Movie Database. 1998. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
Jump up ^ Le Mini Serie - Italia '90 - The First Step of Digital HDTV part I Le Mini Serie - Italia '90 - The First Step of Digital HDTV part II
Jump up ^ "SES ASTRA and Euro1080 to pioneer HDTV in Europe" (Press release). SES ASTRA. October 23, 2003. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bains, Geoff. "Take The High Road" What Video & Widescreen TV (April, 2004) 22–24
Jump up ^ "Weekly Report No.28/2010, Volume 6" (PDF). German Institute for Economic Research. 2010-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
Jump up ^ "How to Buy a TV". Socialbilitty. May 11, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Scanning Methods (p, i, PsF)". ARRI Digital. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
Jump up ^ Ben Waggoner (2007), Understanding HD Formats, Microsoft, retrieved 2011-12-09
Jump up ^ "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream" (PDF). ETSI. 2012. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
Jump up ^ Robert Silva, Why NTSC and PAL Still Matter With HDTV, About.com, retrieved 2011-12-09
Jump up ^ "HDTV information".
Jump up ^ "5C Digital Transmission Content Protection White Paper" (PDF). 1998-07-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-16. Retrieved 2006-06-20.
Further reading[edit]
Joel Brinkley (1997), Defining Vision: The Battle for the Future of Television, New York: Harcourt Brace.
High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology by Philip J. Cianci (McFarland & Company, 2012)
Technology, Television, and Competition (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to High-definition television.
History
The Italian HDTV experience from 1980s to 2006 - in Italian - C.R.I.T./RAI
The HDTV Archive Project
European adoption
Images formats for HDTV, article from the EBU Technical Review.
High Definition for Europe – a progressive approach, article from the EBU Technical Review.
High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production, technical report from the EBU
[show]
v
t
e
Digital video resolutions
Designation
Usage examples
Definition (lines)
Rate (Hz)
Interlaced (fields)
Progressive (frames)
Low,
MP@LL
LDTV, VCD, HTV 240, 288 (SIF) 24, 30; 25
Standard,
MP@ML
SDTV, SVCD, DVD, DV 480 (NTSC), 576 (PAL) 60, 50 24, 30; 25
Enhanced,
HMP@HML
EDTV 480 (NTSC-HQ), 576 60, 50
High,
MP@HL
HDTV, BD, HD DVD, HDV 720 24, 30, 60; 25, 50
1080 25, 30 24, 50, 60
Ultra-high
UHDTV 2160, 4320 60, 120,180
[show]
v
t
e
High-definition (HD)
Concepts
High-definition television
High-definition video
Ultra-high-definition television
Analog broadcast
(All defunct)
819 line system
HD MAC
MUSE (Hi-Vision)
Digital broadcast
ATSC
DMB-T/H
DVB
ISDB
SBTVD
Audio
Dolby Digital
Surround sound
DSD
DXD
DTS
Filming and storage
DCI
HDV
HD media and
compression
Blu-ray
CBHD
D-VHS
DVD-Audio
H.264
H.265
HD DVD
HD VMD
MPEG-2
MVC
Super Audio CD
Ultra HD Blu-ray
Uncompressed
VC-1
Connectors
Component
DisplayPort
DVI
HDMI
VGA
Deployments
List of digital television deployments by country
[show]
v
t
e
Broadcast video formats
[hide]
Television
Analog
525 lines
System M
NTSC
NTSC-J
PAL-M
625 lines
PAL
System B
System D
System G
System H
System I
System K
PAL-N
PALplus
SECAM
System B
System D
System G
System K
System L (SECAM-L)
Audio
BTSC (MTS)
EIAJ
NICAM
SAP
Sound-in-Syncs
Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
Hidden signals
Captioning
CGMS-A
EPG
GCR
PDC
Teletext
VBI
VEIL
VIT
VITC
WSS
XDS
Historical
Pre-1940
Mechanical television
180-line
405-line
System A
441-line
819-line
MAC
MUSE
Digital
Interlaced
SDTV
480i
576i
HDTV
1080i
Progressive
LDTV
1seg
240p
288p
EDTV
480p
576p
HDTV
720p
1080p
UHDTV
2160p
4320p
MPEG-2 standards
ATSC
DVB
ISDB
DTMB
DVB 3D-TV
MPEG-4 AVC standards
ATSC A/72
DMB
DTMB
DVB
SBTVD
1seg
HEVC standards
ATSC 3.0
Audio
AC-3 (5.1)
DTS
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
MPEG Multichannel
PCM
LPCM
AAC
HE-AAC
Hidden signals
AFD
Broadcast flag
Captioning
CPCM
EPG
Teletext
[show]
Technical issues
14:9 compromise
Broadcast-safe
Digital cinema (DCI)
Display motion blur
Moving image formats
MPEG transport stream
Reverse Standards Conversion
Standards conversion
Television transmitter
Video on demand
Video processing
Widescreen signaling
Templates (Analogue TV Topics)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-definition_television&oldid=825838273"
Categories:
High-definition television
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1936
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1990
ATSC
Consumer electronics
Digital television
Film and video technology
History of television
Television terminology
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia introduction cleanup from December 2013
All pages needing cleanup
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from December 2013
All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2017
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2017
Articles with multiple maintenance issues
Articles containing Russian-language text
Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2016
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Қазақша
ລາວ
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
მარგალური
Bahasa Melayu
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
日本語
Napulitano
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 February 2018, at 18:41.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

value: span

attrs: class role tabindex

values: mw-collapsible-toggle button 0

attrs: class href

attrs: href title

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_rewrite

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short

values:
mw-collapsible
width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox

values:
/wiki/Streaming_video
mw-redirect
Streaming video

values:
/wiki/Frame_(video)
mw-redirect
Frame (video)

values: Analog high-definition television system

values:
/wiki/Digital_video_broadcasting
mw-redirect
Digital video broadcasting

values:
/wiki/Video_compression
mw-redirect
Video compression

values:
/wiki/Broadcasting_Satellite_(Japanese)
mw-redirect
Broadcasting Satellite (Japanese)

values: Edit section: Demise of analog HD systems

values: Edit section: Rise of digital compression

values:
/wiki/ATSC_Standards
mw-redirect
ATSC Standards

values:
/wiki/BBC_Research
mw-redirect
BBC Research

values:
/wiki/Freeview_HD
mw-redirect
Freeview HD

values: Edit section: Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States

values:
/wiki/David_Sarnoff_Research_Center
mw-redirect
David Sarnoff Research Center

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
/wiki/Digital_switchover
mw-redirect
Digital switchover

values:
/wiki/WXGA_(graphics)
mw-redirect
WXGA (graphics)

values:
/wiki/Video_projection
mw-redirect
Video projection

values:
/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display
mw-redirect
Liquid crystal display

values: Edit section: Standard frame or field rates

values:
/wiki/Frames_per_second
mw-redirect
Frames per second

values:
/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc
mw-redirect
Blu-ray Disc

values: High-definition pre-recorded media and compression

values:
/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite
mw-redirect
Direct broadcast satellite

values: List of digital television deployments by country

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.teletronic.co.uk/tvera.htm

values:
nofollow
http://www.dvb.org/about_dvb/history/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0384554/
external text

values:
/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database
mw-redirect
Internet Movie Database

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.dtcp.com/data/wp_spec.pdf

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
http://www.hdtvarchiveproject.com/
external text

values: width:100%; border:0; text-align:center; background-color:transparent

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast

values:
/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation
mw-redirect
Linear pulse-code modulation

values: nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative
mw-redirect
Digital Cinema Initiative

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1936

values: Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1990

values: Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from December 2013

values: Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from December 2013

values: Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify

values: Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2017

values: Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2017

values: Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues

values: Category:Articles containing Russian-language text

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2016

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/High-definition_television
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values: تلفاز عالي الدقة – Arabic

values: Yüksək Dəqiqlikli Televiziya – Azerbaijani

values: Тэлебачанне высокай выразнасці – Belarusian

values: HDTV – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Bulgarian
bg
bg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values: تلویزیون وضوح‌بالا – Persian

values: Televisión de alta definición – Galician

values: 고선명 텔레비전 – Korean

values: हाई डेफिनेशन टेलीविजन – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Hebrew
he
he
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Georgian
ka
ka
interlanguage-link-target

values: Айқындығы жоғары теледидар – Kazakh

values: ໂທລະພາບຄວາມລະອຽດສູງ – Lao

values: Augstas izšķirtspējas televīzija – Latvian

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values: എച്ച്.ഡി. ടിവി – Malayalam

values:
https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Mingrelian
xmf
xmf
interlanguage-link-target

values: ကြည်လင်ပြတ်သား ရုပ်မြင်သံကြား – Burmese

values: 高精細度テレビジョン放送 – Japanese

values: Høgoppløysingsfjernsyn – Norwegian Nynorsk

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values: Televisão de alta definição – Portuguese

values: Televiziune cu rezoluție înaltă – Romanian

values: Телевидение высокой чёткости – Russian

values: අධි-විභේදන රූපවාහිනිය – Sinhala

values: High-definition television – Simple English

values: Телевизија високе резолуције – Serbian

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV
HDTV – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: உயர் வரையறு தொலைக்காட்சி – Tamil

values: โทรทัศน์ความละเอียดสูง – Thai

values: Yüksek çözünürlüklü televizyon – Turkish

values: Телебачення високої роздільної здатності – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-High-definition_television rootpage-High-definition_television skin-vector action-view


text:
Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached
In the 1.3.14 chapter of Katha Upanishad, this sloka can be found, where Yama (pictured) is teaching Nachiketa the methods of Yoga.
Character
Yama
First used in
Katha Upanishad
Also used in
Lectures of Swami Vivekananda.
Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached is a sloka of Katha Upanishad which was popularized in the late 19th century by Indian Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda.[1] It was his message to the Hindus to get out of their hypnotized state of mind.[2] Swami Vivekananda used the sloka so widely in his teachings that sometimes Swami Vivekananda is mistakenly identified as the author of the sloka.
Contents
[hide]
1 In Katha Upanishad
2 In Swami Vivekananda's teachings
3 Influence
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Citations
5.2 Sources
6 External links
In Katha Upanishad[edit]
See also: Nachiketa and Katha Upanishad
Nachiketa, the child protagonist of Katha Upanishad, was sent to Yama, the Hindu god of death, by his father Vajashrava. In the abode of Yama, he answered Nachiketa's questions and taught him Self-knowledge and the methods of Yoga. The verse "Arise, awake..." can be found in the 1.3.14 chapter of the book, where Yama is advising Nachiketa—[3]
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
Transliteration
English translation
उत्तिष्ठत जाग्रत प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत,
क्षुरासन्न धारा निशिता दुरत्यद्दुर्गम पथ: तत् कवयो वदन्ति |
Uttisthata Jagrata Prapya Varannibodhata
Kshurasanna Dhara Nishita Dustayadurgama Pathah tat kavayo Vadanti
Arise! Awake! Approach the great and learn.
Like the sharp edge of a razor is that path,
so the wise say−hard to tread and difficult to cross.
In Swami Vivekananda's teachings[edit]
Swami Vivekananda widely used this quote in his teachings.
The inspirational sloka was Swami Vivekananda's message to the Hindus to get out of their hypnotized state of mind.[2] The sloka was meant as a call to his countrymen to awaken their "sleeping soul" and propagate the message of peace and blessings given by the "ancient Mother" to the world. "Awake" also denotes the awakening of one's real nature and the consequent ushering in of prosperity.[2]
On 24 April 1897 Vivekananda wrote a letter to Sarala Ghoshal. In that letter he stressed giving the public only positive education, because of his belief that negative thoughts weaken men. In that letter, he also reiterated this sloka.[4]
Vivekananda quoted this sloka in several lectures and discourses. In a lecture delivered on 12 November 1896 at Lahore, he said:[5]
Therefore, young men of Lahore, raise once more that mighty banner of Advaita, for on no other ground can you have that wonderful love until you see that the same Lord is present everywhere. Unfurl that banner of love! "Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached." Arise, arise once more, for nothing can be done without renunciation.
In her essay Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda, Sister Christine wrote that Vivekananda wanted to see men striving to find the Supreme. She wrote:[6]
All else might be false, this alone was true. He realized it. After his own great realization, life held but one purpose — to give the message with which he was entrusted, to point out the path and to help others on the road to the same supreme goal. "Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached."
"Arise" was meant as a passionate call for national awakening to obtain political freedom for the country from colonialism, and to not to "stop" until the "goal" was achieved. This was essential in the social, economic and political fields. "Arise" was also intended to mean to get out of the state of helplessness. His emphasis was on freedom to the nation, as in the US on 4 July 1776.[7] Swamiji also urged people to learn from Hindu sacred scriptures, which he felt contained all the instructions to arise out of the "hypnotism of weakness" and which indicated that no individual is inherently weak.[8]
Influence[edit]
The 1998 film Swami Vivekananda, directed by G. V. Iyer, ends with this quote where Mammootty gives a brief speech on Vivekananda and his ideals and concludes the speech with this quote. On 12 January 2013, on the 150 birth anniversary, then Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi and now prime minister of India, wrote a blog post on his personal website to pay tribute to Vivekananda. He named the post "Commemorating Swami Vivekananda: Arise, Awake and stop not till the goal is reached".[9] The sloka is inscribed on the main stage of an auditorium of Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, a branch of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, an Indian author, called this a "life-transforming line" and wrote a book named Stop Not Till the Goal is Reached in 2010.[10]
See also[edit]
Awake: The Life of Yogananda (documentary), Yogananda
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ CCMT 2007, p. 110
^ Jump up to: a b c Vivekananda 2009, p. 166.
Jump up ^ "Kath Upanishad". Swami Krishnanda The Divine Life Society. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Wikisource:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 4/Translation: Prose/The Education that India needs
Jump up ^ Wikisource:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 3/Lectures from Colombo to Almora/The Vedanta
Jump up ^ Sister Christine. "Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda". Retrieved 9 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 308.
Jump up ^ Natesan 1948, p. 150.
Jump up ^ Narendra Modi. "Commemorating Swami Vivekananda: Arise, Awake and stop not till the goal is reached". Narendra modi official website. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Kumar 2010, pp. preface
Sources[edit]
Bhuyan, P. R. (1 January 2003). Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0234-7.
Kumar, Dr.sanjeev (2010). Stop Not Till the Goal is Reached. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-81-223-1170-9. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
CCMT, . (2007). Hinduism At A Glance. Chinmaya Mission. ISBN 978-81-7597-142-4.
Natesan, G.A. (1948). Aspects of the Vedanta. G.A. Natesan and Company.
Vivekananda, Swami (2009). Swami Vivekananda's Rousing Call to Hindu Nation. Vivekananda Kendra. ISBN 978-81-89248-10-9. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
External links[edit]
Swami Vivekananda Quotes: Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached
[hide]
v
t
e
Swami Vivekananda
Biography
Birthplace
Prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar
Baranagar Math
Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)
Teachers
Ramakrishna
Sarada Devi
Relationship with Ramakrishna
at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)
in California
Works and philosophy
Teachings and
philosophy
Teachings and philosophy
Vivekananda and meditation
Influence and legacy of Vivekananda
Neo-Vedanta
Books
Bibliography
Sangeet Kalpataru
Bartaman Bharat
Inspired Talks
Jnana Yoga
Karma Yoga
Lectures from Colombo to Almora
My Master
Raja Yoga
The East and the West
Poems/Songs
"Kali the Mother"
Khandana Bhava–Bandhana
"My Play is Done"
The Hymn of Samadhi
The Song of the Sannyasin
To the Fourth of July
Nachuk Tahate Shyama
Lectures
"Buddhism, the Fulfilment of Hinduism"
Christ, the Messenger
Religion not the crying need of India
Vedanta Philosophy
Miscellaneous
Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached
Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha
Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha
Foundations
Advaita Ashrama
Belur Math
Ramakrishna Math
Ramakrishna Mission
Udbodhan
Vedanta Society (New York)
Disciples and friends
Monastic disciples
Shuddhananda
Virajananda
Swarupananda
Paramananda
Other disciples
and friends
Ajit Singh of Khetri
Alasinga Perumal
Emma Calvé
J. J. Goodwin
John Henry Wright
Josephine MacLeod
Sara Chapman Bull
Sister Christine
Sister Nivedita
Abhayananda
William Hastie
Memorials
Vivekananda Rock Memorial
National Youth Day (India)
Swami Vivekananda Airport
Swami Vivekananda Road metro station
Swami Vivekanand Nagar
Vivekanandar Illam
Vivekananda Setu
Swami Vivekananda statue (Golpark, Kolkata)
150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda Youth Employment Week
Vivek Express
Artistic depictions
Films
Swami Vivekananda (1955)
Bireswar Vivekananda (1964)
Swami Vivekananda (1998)
Swamiji (2012)
The Light: Swami Vivekananda (2013)
Dramas
Biley
Bireswar
Educational institutions
named after Vivekananda
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College
Swami Vivekananda Subharti University
Swami Vivekanand University, Madhya Pradesh
Vivekanda Degree College, Kukatpally
Vivekananda Degree College, Puttur
Vivekananda Global University
Vivekananda Institution
Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya
Vivekananda Vidya Mandir
Books on Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda on Himself
Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda
Notes of some wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India
Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries
Pransakha Vivekananda
Rousing Call to Hindu Nation
The Master as I Saw Him
Researchers
Sankari Prasad Basu
Mani Shankar Mukherjee
WikiProject
Commons
Wikiquote
Wikisource texts
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arise,_awake,_and_stop_not_till_the_goal_is_reached&oldid=818049209"
Categories:
Upanishads
Swami Vivekananda
Quotations
Motivation
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Sanskrit-language text
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 1 January 2018, at 06:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #ed8; padding: 0.2em;

value: tr

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

values: Edit section: In Swami Vivekananda's teachings

values: wikisource:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 4/Translation: Prose/The Education that India needs

values: wikisource:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 3/Lectures from Colombo to Almora/The Vedanta

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre

values: Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar

values: Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda

values: Vivekananda at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)

values:
/wiki/Vivekananda_in_California
mw-redirect
Vivekananda in California

values: Swami Vivekananda 1893 Scanned Image.jpg

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda

values:
/wiki/Vivekananda_and_meditation
mw-redirect
Vivekananda and meditation

values: Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society

values:
/wiki/Swami_Shuddhananda
mw-redirect
Swami Shuddhananda

values:
/wiki/Swami_Swarupananda
mw-redirect
Swami Swarupananda

values:
/wiki/Swami_Abhayananda
mw-redirect
Swami Abhayananda

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Arise_awake_and_stop_not_till_the_goal_is_reached rootpage-Arise_awake_and_stop_not_till_the_goal_is_reached skin-vector action-view