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Drag Me to Hell
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Drag Me to Hell
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Sam Raimi
Produced by
Grant Curtis
Robert Tapert
Written by
Sam Raimi
Ivan Raimi
Starring
Alison Lohman
Justin Long
Lorna Raver
Dileep Rao
David Paymer
Adriana Barraza
Music by
Christopher Young
Cinematography
Peter Deming
Edited by
Bob Murawski
Production
company
Ghost House Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
March 15, 2009 (2009-03-15) (SXSW)
May 29, 2009 (2009-05-29) (United States)
Running time
99 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Spanish
Budget
$30 million[2]
Box office
$90.8 million[2]
Drag Me to Hell is a 2009 American supernatural horror comedy film co-written and directed by Sam Raimi. The plot, written with his older brother Ivan, focuses on a loan officer, who, because she has to prove to her boss that she can make the "hard decisions", chooses not to extend an elderly woman's mortgage. In retaliation, the woman places a curse on the loan officer that, after three days of escalating torment, will plunge her into the depths of Hell to burn for eternity.
Raimi wrote Drag Me to Hell with his brother, Ivan, prior to working on the Spider-Man films. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and was released to critical acclaim. It was also a box office success, grossing over $90 million worldwide. Drag Me to Hell won the award for Best Horror Film at the 2009 Scream Awards and the 2010 Saturn Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Background
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Editing
3.5 Effects
3.6 Soundtrack
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Home media
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1969, Pasadena, California, a couple seeks the aid of the medium Shaun San Dena, saying their son has been hearing evil spirits' voices after stealing a silver necklace from a “gypsy wagon”. San Dena aids the family by carrying out a seance, but they are attacked by an unseen force (revealed later to be Lamia) that pulls the boy into Hell. The medium says she will encounter the force again one day.
In present-day Los Angeles, bank loan officer Christine Brown hopes to be promoted to assistant manager over her co-worker Stu Rubin. Her boss, Jim Jacks, advises her to demonstrate that she can make tough decisions to get a promotion. Christine is visited by an elderly woman, Sylvia Ganush, who asks for a third extension on her mortgage payment. Despite knowing Ganush is on a fixed income, and that she suffers from medical ailments, Christine denies Ganush an extension to prove herself to her boss. Ganush begs Christine not to repossess her house and kneels in front of her. Christine becomes frightened of the woman's persistent, desperate pleading as she is helping her to stand up and calls security, who take Ganush away while Ganush blames Christine for "shaming" her and vows to take revenge. Jim compliments Christine on how she handled the situation, and embellishes his positive statements, alluding to a promotion.
When Christine leaves work and gets to the parking garage to drive home, Ganush, hiding in the backseat, attacks Christine in her car. Despite sustaining what should be fatal injuries, Ganush rips a button off Christine's coat and uses it to place a curse on Christine. Later, Christine and her boyfriend Clay Dalton meet fortune teller Rham Jas, who tells Christine that she is being haunted by a dark spirit, likely the result of a curse. At home, Christine is attacked by the entity and has repulsive nightmares about Ganush. At work the next day, after hallucinating flies buzzing in her stomach and Ganush’s hands in place of Stu’s, Christine snaps at Stu and has a projectile nose bleed that soaks her boss in blood. She runs out of the office, and in the occurring panic, Stu steals a file from Christine's desk.
Christine goes to talk to Ganush for forgiveness in efforts to lift the curse. Ganush’s granddaughter answers the door, skeptical of Christine’s remorse, and Christine finds that Ganush cannot lift the curse, seeing as Ganush has died, and her granddaughter was hosting the funeral/viewing for her in the basement.
Christine returns to Rham Jas, who explains that as long as Christine is the owner of an accursed object, she will be haunted by a powerful demon called the Lamia (loosely based on the Greek Lamia, a child eating demon), that will torment her for three days before taking her to Hell for eternity. He suggests a sacrifice to appease the demon. Desperate to stop the attacks, Christine reluctantly sacrifices her pet kitten. At a dinner party, she meets Clay’s parents for the first time,. She is again tormented by the Lamia, plagued with grotesque hallucinations like bugs appearing in a cake she bought for the night, and auditory illusions which cause her to scream abruptly and frighten Clay and his parents.
Christine returns to Rham Jas who says that Shaun San Dena will risk her life to stop the demon for a fee of $10,000. San Dena prepares a seance to trap the Lamia's spirit in a goat and kill it, and then allows the Lamia to inhabit her body. Rham Jas tries to persuade it not to steal Christine's soul, but it vows never to stop until Christine dies. Christine then places San Dena's hand on the goat, causing the spirit to enter its body. San Dena's assistant, Milos, attempts to kill the goat, but is bitten by the goat and becomes possessed and attacks the members of the seance. San Dena banishes the Lamia from the seance, but dies in the process. Christine thinks the medium has overcome the Lamia, but Rham Jas explains that she only managed to drive the spirit away until the next day. Then, he seals the cursed button in an envelope and tells Christine that she can get rid of the curse by giving the button to someone as a gift, thereby passing the curse on to that person.
Christine decides to give the envelope to Stu in revenge for his stealing her work, but changes her mind after seeing how pathetic Stu is when he meets up with her. With guidance from Rham Jas, Christine learns that she can give it back to Ganush even though she is dead. Christine digs up Ganush's grave, and after struggling momentarily with the corpse, Christine “formally” gives back the button, and callously jams the envelope in Ganush’s mouth just in time before dawn, seemingly ending the curse.
Christine returns home and prepares to meet Clay at Los Angeles Union Station for a weekend trip. She gets a message from her boss telling her that she landed her dream position after Stu confessed to stealing her work and was fired. At the station, Christine buys a coat that she has been wanting as a sign of a new beginning. Clay, planning to propose, reveals to Christine that he found the envelope containing the cursed button in his car; Christine then realizes she mixed up her envelope with another that she gave to Clay when she accidentally dropped it and that the curse was never lifted. Horrified, Christine backs away and falls onto the tracks. As Clay looks on, unable to reach Christine, a train barrels towards her, while fiery hands suddenly emerge from the tracks and drag Christine into what looks like the pits of Hell. Clay, holding the button in his hand at the edge of the train platform, with tears rolling down his face, stares at the tracks in utter disbelief and horror.
Cast[edit]
Director Sam Raimi, actors Dileep Rao, Alison Lohman, and Justin Long discussing the film at San Diego Comic-Con International in 2008.
Alison Lohman as Christine Brown: A young mild-mannered bank employee who desires the position of assistant manager. After turning down Sylvia Ganush's request for a third extension on her mortgage, she is cursed by her and attacked by a demon called the Lamia.
Justin Long as Professor Clayton "Clay" Dalton: Christine's boyfriend who is a college professor born to a wealthy family. Clayton is skeptical about Rham Jas's help and the existence of the demon.
Lorna Raver as Mrs. Sylvia Ganush: An elderly gypsy Hungarian woman who attacks Christine Brown and places a curse on her. Ganush dies the day after the attack, but her soul constantly haunts Christine throughout the film.
Dileep Rao as Rham Jas: A young psychic who informs Christine that she is cursed. Rham Jas later introduces Christine to Shaun San Dena who has a seance with her.
David Paymer as Mr. Jim Jacks: Christine's concerned boss who is considering whether Christine or Stu Rubin deserves the job of assistant manager at the bank.
Adriana Barraza as Shaun San Dena: A psychic who has a seance to draw out the Lamia to kill it for Christine.
Flor de Maria Chahua as young Shaun San Dena
Bojana Novakovic as Ilenka Ganush: Sylvia Ganush's cynical granddaughter. She lets Christine into her home when she asks to meet the elderly Ganush.
Reggie Lee as Stu Rubin: A conniving employee of the bank Christine works at. Stu tries to make Christine look bad at work in order to get the promotion.
Chelcie Ross as Leonard Dalton: Clay's father who does not approve of Clayton dating Christine.
Molly Cheek as Trudy Dalton: Clay's mother who also does not approve of Clayton dating Christine due to her "peasant" origin and bizarre behavior (which was caused by the Lamia).
Art Kimbro as the voice of the Lamia: A powerful demon that is summoned after Ganush curses Christine. Its task is to torment Christine for three days before literally dragging her into Hell to burn for eternity.
Octavia Spencer as bank co-worker
Alex Veadov as the man with ponytail at the death feast
The film includes cameo appearances by Raimi himself as an uncredited ghost at the seance, Raimi's younger brother Ted as a doctor, members of Raimi's family Emma, Henry, and Lorne in minor roles, frequent Raimi collaborator Scott Spiegel as a mourner at the death feast, and John Paxton and Irene Roseen as the old couple at the diner.
Production[edit]
Background[edit]
The original story for Drag Me to Hell was written ten years before the film went into production and was written by Sam Raimi and his brother Ivan Raimi. The film went into production under the name The Curse.[3] The Raimis wrote the script as a morality tale, desiring to write a story about a character who wants to be a good person, but makes a sinful choice out of greed for her own betterment and pays the price for it.[4] The Raimis tried to make the character of Christine the main focal point in the film, and tried to have Christine in almost all the scenes in the film.[3] Elements of the film's story are drawn from the British horror film Night of the Demon (itself an adaptation of M.R. James' short story "Casting the Runes") such as the similar-shaped demons and the three-day curse theme in the film.[5][6] The most significant parallel is that both stories involve the passing of a cursed object, which has to be passed to someone else, or its possessor will be devoured by one or more demons. Unlike his past horror films, Raimi wanted the film to be rated PG-13 and not strictly driven by gore, stating, "I didn't want to do exactly the same thing I had done before."[3][7]
After finishing the script, Raimi desired to make the picture after the first draft of the script was completed, but other projects such as the Spider-Man film series became a nearly decade-long endeavor, pushing opportunities to continue work on Drag Me to Hell to late 2007.[3] Raimi offered director Edgar Wright to direct Drag Me to Hell which Wright turned down as he was filming Hot Fuzz and felt that "If I did it, it would just feel like karaoke."[8] After the previous three Spider-Man films, Raimi came back to the script of Drag Me to Hell, wanting to make a simpler and lower-budget film.[9] In 2007, Sam Raimi's friend and producer Robert Tapert of Ghost House Pictures had the company sign on to finance the film.[3] Universal Studios agreed to distribute domestically.[3]
Casting[edit]
After completing the script and having the project greenlit, Raimi started casting the film.[3] Ellen Page was originally cast for the main role of Christine, but dropped out of the project due to SAG strike-related scheduling issues.[10] The main role eventually went to Lohman, who didn't enjoy horror films, but enjoyed doing the stunts during filming.[3] Stage actress Lorna Raver auditioned for the role of Mrs. Ganush. Raver was not aware of the specific nature of her character until being cast, stating that all she had read was "about a little old lady coming into the bank because they're closing down her house. It was only later that I saw the whole script and said, 'Oh my!'"[3] To prepare for this role, Raver met with a Hungarian dialect coach and asked to have portions of the script translated into Hungarian.[3] Raimi would later ask Raver to use some of the Hungarian words in the scenes of Ganush's attacking Christine.[3] Dileep Rao, who plays Rham Jas, made producer Grant Curtis mildly hesitant in casting him, stating that during his audition "he was a little bit younger than he read in the script. But as we were looking at his reading, Sam said, 'There's no minimum age requirement on wisdom.' Dileep has that wisdom and presence on screen, and that’s what made him right. Once he got on camera, he brought that shoulder for Alison to lean on."[3] Many of the actors playing secondary characters in Drag Me to Hell have appeared previously in Raimi's films, including Joanne Baron, Tom Carey, Molly Cheek, Aimee Miles, John Paxton, Ted Raimi, Bill E. Rogers, Chelcie Ross, and Octavia Spencer.[3]
Filming[edit]
Raimi said he set out to create “a horror film with lots of wild moments and lots of suspense and big shocks that’ll hopefully make audiences jump. But I also wanted to have a lot of dark humor sprinkled throughout. I spent the last decade doing Spider-Man and you come to rely on a lot of people doing things for you and a lot of help, but it’s refreshing and wonderful to be reminded that, as with most filmmakers, the best way to do it is yourself, with a tight team doing the main jobs."[11]
Production for Drag Me to Hell began on location in Tarzana, California.[3] The production team included director of photography Peter Deming (Evil Dead II, Mulholland Dr.), production designer Steve Saklad (Juno), and visual effects supervisor Bruce Jones. The film was produced by Grant Curtis and Rob Tapert. Tapert and Raimi are longtime collaborators, having attended college together in Michigan.[11]
Editing[edit]
Drag Me to Hell was edited by Bob Murawski, who has collaborated with Raimi on several films including the Spider-Man series, The Gift, and Army of Darkness.[11]
Raimi has said of working with Murawski on Drag Me to Hell, "He’d come (down to the set) to see how things were going and to let me know if he’d just cut something that wasn’t working the way he’d wanted it to, or to suggest a pick-up shot I should get for a piece he felt we needed in a sequence I hadn’t realized I needed. He’s very detail-oriented... So we’re very close collaborators."
Raimi finds editing with Murawski to be "relaxing", adding, "I love it. For me, it's so relaxing, unlike pre-production, which is fraught with anxiety and fear about how we'e going to do things, and production, which is so rushed and a sleepless time and you're just racing to finish every shot and worrying about focus and so on. So post is soothing and I can watch the film come together, so it's a time of discovery for me as Bob and I fit all the pieces together. I see new possibilities in post, as Bob puts the film together, sometimes in a way I never imagined..."[11]
The film was edited by Murawski on an Avid computer system in a West Los Angeles facility. The color grading was completed at Company 3 with colorist Stephen Nakamura. Nakamura used DaVinci Resolve. It was CO3's first start-to-finish feature in 4K resolution.[11]
"For us, post is a very creative time where it's not just about this factory producing the blueprinted product. It's really a very creative, experimental time where we try and take everything that's been written and then shot to the next level," said Raimi.[11]
The final sound mix was completed at the Dub Stage in Burbank with mixers Marti Humphrey and Chris Jacobson.[11]
Effects[edit]
The effects in Drag Me to Hell were created in many different ways, including green screen, puppets, prosthetics and computer-generated imagery.[3] Bruce Jones was the visual effects supervisor on the film. Of Jones, Raimi commented, "He brought a great can-do approach to the film... He's got a great team of artists and technicians with him, and he's got great instincts."[11]
There were hundreds of visual effects in the film, and different effects houses were utilized. According to Raimi, the Bay Area's Tippett Studio was a big player. "We also had work done by Amalgamated Pixels, Ghost VFX, KNB Effects, Home Digital, Cinesoup and IE Effects," said Raimi. According to Raimi, “Bob (Murawski) and I kept adding visual effects as post proceeded. In this film, the supernatural, the unseen, is almost another character, so sequences were developed — even in post — that would suggest the presence of the supernatural, and we kept on adding. The same with the sound effects, so it was a very ongoing, very live process in post."[11]
Director of photography Peter Deming tried to use realistic lighting in the film. Said Deming, "Normally, you'd put all corrected bulbs in, but we went with what was there, including the shots in the street. We used the streetlight look and mixed that with interior lighting. There were a lot of odd color sources that we chose to leave the way they would be naturally. It's a heightened sense of realism."[3] One of the earliest projects the special effects teams did was the scene in which Mrs. Ganush attacks Christine in her car. To film the action, which included close-ups of Christine jamming her foot on the pedal, hitting the brake, and shifting gears, the team created a puzzle car which allowed the front engine compartment and back trunk — as well as all four sides and doors — to come away from the car. The roof came off in two directions.[3]
Soundtrack[edit]
Drag Me to Hell
Soundtrack album by Christopher Young
Released
August 18, 2009
Genre
Film score
Length
52:27
Producer
Brian McNelis, Flavio Motalla, Skip Williamson, Christopher Young[12]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [13]
Soundtrack.Net [14]
The film score was composed by Christopher Young. Young has worked with director Raimi previously on his films The Gift and Spider-Man 3. The soundtrack was released on August 18, 2009.[15] Sam Raimi stated that emphasis was on using the soundtrack to create a world that didn't exist, a world of the "supernatural".[11] The score contains elements of Young's previous work on Flowers in the Attic. This is particularly apparent in the utilization of the ethereal childlike soprano vocals that feature prominently throughout the soundtrack.
All tracks composed by Christopher Young.
Drag Me to Hell (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
No.
Title
Length
1. "Drag Me to Hell" 2:32
2. "Mexican Devil Disaster" 4:33
3. "Tale of a Haunted Banker" 1:52
4. "Lamia" 4:06
5. "Black Rainbows" 3:24
6. "Ode to Ganush" 2:23
7. "Familiar Familiars" 2:11
8. "Loose Teeth" 6:31
9. "Ordeal by Corpse" 4:35
10. "Bealing Bells with Trumpet" 5:12
11. "Brick Dogs Ala Carte" 1:46
12. "Muttled Buttled Brain Stew" 2:51
13. "Auto-Da-Fe" 4:31
14. "Concerto to Hell" 5:58
Total length: 52:25
Release[edit]
Drag Me to Hell was first shown to the public as a "Work in Progress" print at the South by Southwest festival on March 15, 2009.[16] The film debuted in its full form at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, where it was shown out of competition on May 21 as a midnight screening.[17][18]
Box office[edit]
The film was released in American theaters on May 29, 2009.[19] The film opened at #4 with $15,825,480 from 2,900 screens at 2,508 theaters, for an average of $6,310 per theater ($5,457 average per screen). In its second weekend, it dropped 56%, falling to #7, with $7,040,550 from 2,800 screens at 2,510 theaters, for an average of $2,805 per theater ($2,514 average per screen), and bringing the 10-day gross to $28,233,230.[20] Drag Me to Hell closed on August 6, 2009, with a final gross in the United States and Canada of $42,100,625, and an additional $48,742,021 internationally for a total of $90,842,646 worldwide.[2]
Critical response[edit]
Drag Me to Hell received mostly positive reviews from critics upon its release. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 254 reviews, and an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critical consensus states, "Sam Raimi returns to top form with Drag Me to Hell, a frightening, hilarious, delightfully campy thrill ride."[21] On Metacritic the film has received an average score of 83 out of 100, based on 32 reviews, signifying "universal acclaim".[19]
Positive critical reception of the film generally praised the film's scary but humorous and campy tone. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A rating, stating that "Raimi has made the most crazy, fun, and terrifying horror movie in years."[22] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times praised the film, stating that it "should not be dismissed as yet another horror flick just for teens. The filmmakers have given us a 10-story winding staircase of psychological tension that is making very small circles near the end."[23] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune described the film as a "hellaciously effective B-movie [that] comes with a handy moral tucked inside its scares, laughs and Raimi's specialty, the scare/laugh hybrid."[24] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, and stated that the film "is a sometimes funny and often startling horror movie. That is what it wants to be, and that is what it is."[25] In a positive review, Variety said of the film: "Scant and barren of subtext, the pic is single-mindedly devoted to pushing the audience's buttons... Still, there's no denying it delivers far more than competing PG-13 thrillers."[6]
Bloody Disgusting gave the film four and a half stars out of five, with the review calling it "quite simply the most PERFECT horror film I've seen in a long, long while... [It's] a blast and moved quickly from start to finish [and] is well on its way to becoming an immediate classic."[26] The film was then ranked thirteenth in Bloody Disgusting's list of the 'Top 20 Horror Films of the Decade'.[27]
Kyle Smith of the New York Post thought it was cheesy, with too many "gross-outs",[28] Rex Reed of the New York Observer thought that the plot wasn't believable enough,[29] and Peter Howell of The Toronto Star disliked Lohman's performance and thought it was "just not very funny".[30] The film was nominated for "Choice Movie: Horror/Thriller" at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards, which the film lost to Friday the 13th (2009).[31][32] At the 2009 Scream Awards show, Drag Me to Hell won the awards for Best Horror Movie and Best Scream-play.[33][34]
Reviews have also received the film as a comedy horror in a more classic Raimi vein. Vic Holtreman of Screenrant claims the film is a long-awaited movie that combines both genres as Army of Darkness had done.[35] A reviewer at UGO Networks says that the film is very much more a comedy than horror and that this is in keeping with Raimi not having produced a "true horror" film since he began directing.[36]
Home media[edit]
Drag Me to Hell was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in the US on October 13, 2009. Both media include an Unrated Director's Cut as well as the Theatrical Version.[37] In its first two weeks the DVD sold 459,217 copies generating $7.98 million in sales.[38] It since accumulated $13.9 million in DVD sales in the United States.
On February 13th, 2018, Scream Factory released a two-disc Collector's Edition of Drag Me to Hell, which included both edits of the film remastered from the 2k digital intermediate, archival interviews and featurettes and all-new interviews with Alison Lohman, Lorna Raver and Christopher Young.
See also[edit]
List of ghost films
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DRAG ME TO HELL (15)". British Board of Film Classification. May 8, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Drag Me to Hell (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Drag Me to Hell Production Notes". Drag Me To Hell Official Website. Los Angeles, California: Universal Pictures. 2009. Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell : Cannes Press Conference (8:00)" (Video). Cannes Film Festival. 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Jump up ^ Hanke, Ken (2009-06-03). "Movie Review: Drag Me to Hell : Mountain Xpress". Mountain Xpress. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
^ Jump up to: a b Debruge, Peter (2009-05-20). "Drag Me to Hell Review". Variety. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell : Cannes Press Conference (15:30)" (Video). Cannes Film Festival. 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Jump up ^ Wright, Edgar (July 8, 2013). "Hero Worship: Sam Raimi". The Skinny. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell : Cannes Interview" (Video). Cannes Film Festival. 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Jump up ^ "Ellen Page Quits Sam Raimi's Drag Me to Hell". MovieWeb. February 29, 2008. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. We were racing to start production so that we could accommodate Ellen's schedule. But like so many other productions trying to start before the potential SAG strike date, this one needed more time and we had to push back the start of production.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Blair, Iain (July 1, 2009). "Director's Chair: Sam Raimi Drag me to Hell". Post Magazine. Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell: Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell: Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell". Soundtrack.Net. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Zimmerman, Samuel (August 17, 2009). "Drag Me to Hell soundtrack hits stores". Fangoria. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Film Festival Schedule - Drag Me to Hell (Work in Progress)". SXSW. Austin, Texas. 2009. Archived from the original on March 14, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Brown, Mark (May 21, 2009). "Recession-era movie Drag Me to Hell marks revenge of the repossessed". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Jump up ^ "Out of Competition: "Drag Me to Hell" is a Midnight Screening". Cannes Film Festival Official Website. France. May 20, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Drag Me to Hell (2009): Reviews". Metacritic. CNET Networks, Inc. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Numbers - Box Office Data for Drag Me to Hell". The Numbers. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell". Rotten Tomatoes. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (May 27, 2009). "Drag Me to Hell > Movie Review > Entertainment Weekly". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sharkey, Betsy (May 29, 2009). "Review: 'Drag Me to Hell'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (May 29, 2009). "'Drag Me to Hell' stars Alison Lohman, Justin Long, David Paymer". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (2009-06-03). "'Drag Me to Hell' Review". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
Jump up ^ "00's Retrospect: Bloody Disgusting's Top 20 Films of the Decade...Part 2". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
Jump up ^ Smith, Kyle (2009-05-29). "Fate Worse than Debt". New York Post. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ Reed, Rex (2009-05-29). "What Has Happened to Sam Raimi?". New York Observer. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ Howell, Peter (2009-05-29). "Drag Me to Hell: What a drag". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Teen Choice Awards Winners List". MTV. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Teen Choice Awards 2009 nominees". Los Angeles Times. June 15, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Best Scream-Play: Scream 2009: Spike". Spike. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Best Horror Movie: Scream 2009: Spike". Spike. Archived from the original on December 9, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me To Hell Review". Screen Rant. 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me To Hell Review - Should Have Just Been Evil Dead". UGO.com. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me to Hell (2009) - Releases". Allmovie. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Drag Me To Hell - DVD Sales". The-numbers.com. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
External links[edit]
Drag Me to Hell on IMDb
Drag Me to Hell at Box Office Mojo
Drag Me to Hell at Rotten Tomatoes
Drag Me to Hell at Metacritic
Drag Me to Hell Full Production Notes
[show]
v
t
e
Sam Raimi filmography
Films directed
Feature
It's Murder! (1977)
The Evil Dead (1981)
Crimewave (1985)
Evil Dead II (1987)
Darkman (1990)
Army of Darkness (1992)
The Quick and the Dead (1995)
A Simple Plan (1998)
For Love of the Game (1999)
The Gift (2000)
Spider-Man (2002)
Spider-Man 2 (2004)
Spider-Man 3 (2007)
Drag Me to Hell (2009)
Oz the Great and Powerful (2013)
Short
Clockwork (1978)
Within the Woods (1978)
Written only
Easy Wheels (1989)
The Nutt House (1992)
The Hudsucker Proxy (1994, also second unit director)
Man with the Screaming Brain (2005, co-story)
Produced only
Timecop (1994)
The Grudge (2004)
Boogeyman (2005)
The Grudge 2 (2006)
The Messengers (2007)
30 Days of Night (2007)
The Grudge 3 (2009)
The Possession (2012)
Evil Dead (2013)
Poltergeist (2015)
Don't Breathe (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
Saturn Award for Best Horror Film
Blacula (1972)
The Exorcist (1973)
Young Frankenstein (1974/75)
Burnt Offerings (1976)
The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane (1977)
The Wicker Man (1978)
Dracula (1979)
The Howling (1980)
An American Werewolf in London (1981)
Poltergeist (1982)
The Dead Zone (1983)
Gremlins (1984)
Fright Night (1985)
The Fly (1986)
The Lost Boys (1987)
Beetlejuice (1988)
Arachnophobia (1989/90)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
Army of Darkness (1993)
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Justin Guarini
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Justin Guarini
Guarini at the Hard Rock Cafe in Atlanta, 2012
Background information
Birth name
Justin Eldrin Bell
Born
(1978-10-28) October 28, 1978 (age 39)
Columbus, Georgia, U.S.
Origin
Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Genres
Pop, rock, R&B
Occupation(s)
Singer
Instruments
Vocals
Years active
2002–present
Labels
RCA, Justice Entertainment
Website
www.justinguarini.com
Justin Guarini (born Justin Eldrin Bell; October 28, 1978) is an American singer who was runner-up on the first season of American Idol.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Beginnings
2.2 American Idol
2.2.1 American Idol performances
2.3 2003–2004: Justin Guarini
2.4 2005–2007: Stranger Things Have Happened
2.5 2008–2009: Revolve
2.6 2010–present: Acting, hosting and performing
3 Discography
3.1 Albums
3.1.1 Studio albums
3.1.2 Other contributions
3.2 EPs
3.3 Songs
4 Filmography and theater
4.1 Films
4.2 Theater roles
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Guarini was born in Columbus, Georgia. His father, Eldrin Bell, is African-American and is a former Atlanta, Georgia, Chief of Police, and former Chairperson of Clayton County Commission (Georgia). His mother, Kathy Pepino Guarini is Italian American, and was a journalist for WTVM TV in Columbus, and later for CNN. Guarini was primarily raised by his mother and stepfather, physicist Jerry Guarini, in Philadelphia's suburb of Doylestown, Pennsylvania. He attended Central Bucks High School East.
Career[edit]
Beginnings[edit]
Guarini's musical experience started at age four when he was accepted by the Atlanta Boy Choir.[1][2] After moving to Pennsylvania in 1985, he joined the Archdiocese of Philadelphia Boys Choir.[3] Throughout his school years Guarini sang in school choirs, and from 1996 to 2000 was the lead soloist in an award-winning a cappella group named The Midnight Voices. The group released an independent album in 1999 with proceeds benefiting a music scholarship fund at Guarini's alma mater, Central Bucks High School East in Buckingham, Pennsylvania. He was a director/performer at the Riverside Haunted Woods in Bridgeton, Pennsylvania, in 2001.
His high school and college theatre credits include the lead roles in The Mystery of Edwin Drood, The Little Prince, The Pirates of Penzance, The Taming of the Shrew, and Once on This Island. In addition to singing and stage performing, Guarini plays the piano, guitar, and banjo.
After studying vocal performance and theater studies at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Guarini later moved to New York City, where he attended the School for Film and Television. He worked in New York nightclubs, and auditioned for New York Theatre before successfully auditioning for American Idol in April 2002. Shortly after being chosen for American Idol, he was offered a role in the Broadway production of The Lion King. Guarini wrote about his decision between the two offers in his exclusive 2008 blog for the television site, Fancast, stating, "I had attended master classes… I learned Zulu and Sotho phrases, as well as the music from the show. It was a dream almost come true at the time. But, now I knew I was onto something, and I wasn’t letting go. I politely declined the offer of a role...". He was also considering a contract offer from an independent record label, but the show's rules prohibited participants from having existing record contracts.
American Idol[edit]
Idol judge Simon Cowell praised Guarini's performance in the show's first season, at one early audition telling him "Justin, you know, occasionally you're very privileged when you do a competition like this to hear somebody undiscovered who has a voice like yours", with Guarini ultimately becoming the runner-up to winner Kelly Clarkson in September 2002. Soon after, Guarini signed with American Idol's 19 Management and secured a record deal with RCA. Prior to the American Idol Tour, he was the only contestant asked to appear on The Oprah Winfrey Show, on which Oprah Winfrey told him, "Justin, you have it."
Justin leaping down stairs as he sings on the American Idol Tour in Atlanta, Georgia (2002).
American Idol performances[edit]
Week
Theme
Song Sung
Artist
Order
Result
Top 30 Semifinal Group 2 "Ribbon in the Sky" Stevie Wonder 10 Advanced
Top 10 Motown "For Once in My Life" Stevie Wonder 6 Safe
Top 8 1960s "Sunny" Bobby Hebb 7 Safe
Top 7 1970s "Someday We'll All Be Free" Donny Hathaway 4 Bottom 2
Top 6 Big Band "Route 66" Nat King Cole 2 Safe
Top 5 Burt Bacharach Love Songs "The Look of Love" Dusty Springfield 4 Safe
Top 4 1980s
1990s "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)"
"Get Here" Michael Jackson
Brenda Russell 4
8 Safe
Top 3 Idol's Choice
Judges' Choice "Let's Stay Together"
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" Al Green
Elton John 2
5 Safe
Top 2 Finale "Before Your Love"
"Get Here"
"A Moment Like This" Justin Guarini
Oleta Adams
Justin Guarini 1
3
5 Runner-Up
2003–2004: Justin Guarini[edit]
JustinGuarini concert screencap
His self-titled album, Justin Guarini, debuted in June 2003, coinciding with the single releases of the current second season American Idol top two finalists and the movie From Justin to Kelly, in which Guarini co-starred with Kelly Clarkson. The film was critically panned,[4] while the album sold 146,000 copies. In December 2003 Guarini was dropped from RCA Records.[5]
Guarini had a role in the 2004 pre-Broadway New York Stage and Film Powerhouse Theater workshop/presentation of the musical Good Vibrations at Vassar College. His performance (which included singing, dancing, acting, and playing guitar) landed Guarini an offer to continue the role in the original Broadway production, which he eventually declined.[6]
2005–2007: Stranger Things Have Happened[edit]
Guarini co-produced his second album Stranger Things Have Happened, independently released in December 2005 through his own production company, Justice Entertainment, Ltd.. The album of reinvented jazz standards was described by Allmusic as "a successful reinvention... where his natural skills shine", The Philadelphia Inquirer said that "Guarini displays an agile, attractive voice with good phrasing, supported by a sophisticated and funky backing ensemble."
Guarini wrote, co-arranged and recorded a benefit song released with H.H. Gayuna Cealo, and a song for the documentary series Project Everlasting, in August 2006 and featured on the Today Show. The title track from his album Stranger Things Have Happened was also used in the documentary.
From 2007 to 2011, TV Guide Network signed Guarini as permanent co-host for Idol Wrap and Idol Tonight. On-air duties with the network expanded to include guest hosting/appearances on other TV Guide Network shows, hosting movie premiere specials, and serving as a member of TV Guide Network's awards show team with on-air coverage of awards shows such as the Grammy Awards and Emmy Awards.
2008–2009: Revolve[edit]
Guarini in The American Idol Experience motorcade at Walt Disney World in 2009.
In May 2008, Guarini released an acoustic EP titled Revolve comprising three songs ("Sweet Time", "Rock Bottom", and "When She Cries") co-written and co-produced with Shaun Ingram. Versions of the songs are planned to be included on a future solo album.
While stepping out to support the opening of The American Idol Experience at Disney's Hollywood Studios[7] in February 2009, Guarini confirmed his impending marriage to his fiancée, Reina Capodici. In an exclusive pictorial of the wedding, People reported that the couple married on September 26, 2009.[8]
2010–present: Acting, hosting and performing[edit]
Wicked with Justin Guarini as Fiyero.
Guarini became a part of the Broadway community with his 2010 Broadway debut as Carlos in a musical adaptation of Pedro Almodovar's film, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown.[9] Critics called Guarini's debut "surprisingly charming", "captivating" and "extremely likeable".[10][11][12]
Guarini played Will, one of the three male leads in Green Day's rock musical American Idiot performing March 1, 2011, through the show's closing night, April 24, 2011.[13]
On April 26, 2011, his first child with Capodici, William Neko Bell Guarini, was born.[14] His second child, Asher, was born on February 25, 2013.[15]
In 2013, Guarini was cast in a modern Broadway production of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet as Paris. After its Broadway run, the live-filmed stage play was released in movie theaters.[16] Guarini joined the Broadway production of Wicked, in the role of Fiyero from February 25 to December 14, 2014.[17][18]
Other stage work includes lead roles in regional reproductions of Rent, Chicago, Company and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. Original regional productions include Ghost Brothers of Darkland County as one of two feuding brothers in 2012 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.[19][20] In It's a Wonderful Life, A Live Radio Play Guarini voiced George Bailey in a 2015 on-stage comedic production.[21]
In 2015, he starred in the New York City Center Encores presentation Paint Your Wagon. Praised by critics,[22][23] Guarini played the outcast Mexican miner. Guarini starred in the 2015 original musical "Moonshine: The Hee Haw Musical" premiering at the Dallas Theater Center on September 2 through October 11,[24][25][26] and Mamma Mia! in 2016.[27] Also in 2016, Guarini was cast in Broadway's new In Transit, the first a cappella musical with book, music and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez.[28]
Guarini participates in Equity staged readings of The Awakening of Angel DeLuna,[29] hosts and/or performs for various Broadway and stage-related benefits,[30][31] and other industry-related events including Broadway on the Hudson,[31][32] the Times Square Tony Awards Simulcast in 2014 and 2015,[33] adding executive producer duties in 2015.[34] He was an executive producer for the 2015 revival of the musical Side Show.
In 2016 Guarini attended the Tony Awards, and co-hosted backstage coverage of the live broadcast in conjunction with BroadwayHD.com.[35][36]
He's also acted in independent film projects such as the drama and action film Fast Girl, The Unknown: Frankie The Squirrel, Mafioso II: The Son and short film Tilt-a-Whirl for the Dances With Films festival.
Since 2015, Guarini has been starring as Lil' Sweet in Diet Dr Pepper television commercials, and web marketing.[37][38][39] In 2016, Dr Pepper "promoted" tunes for a Lil' Sweet "album" with video clips, promotional pictures of the character, and the character's own Twitter page.[40][41] All commercials and clips are available on Dr Pepper's YouTube channel.
Discography[edit]
Albums[edit]
An EP of original music will be released by Guarini approximately July 30, 2016.[42]
Studio albums[edit]
Year
Album details
Peak
Certifications
(sales threshold)
US
1999 The Midnight Voices
As lead vocalist
Released: 1999
—
US sales: N/A
2003 Justin Guarini
Released: June 10, 2003
Label: RCA Records
20
US sales:146,000[43]
2005 Stranger Things Have Happened
Released: December, 2005
Label: Justice Entertainment, Ltd
—
US sales: N/A
"—" denotes releases that did not chart
Other contributions[edit]
Foreign Shores by David Hughes (featured vocalist) 2009
The Awakening of Angel DeLuna (cast album) 2009
I Could Use a Drink by Drew Gasparini (featured vocalist) 2012
Where the Sky Ends: Music by Michael Mott by Michael Mott (featured vocalist) 2014[44]
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (Original Broadway Cast) 2011
Paint Your Wagon (cast album) 2014
EPs[edit]
Revolve (Acoustic) (May 2008)
Songs[edit]
Did You Know That I Know Your Journey? (2006) (vocals, music, co-produced)
Everlasting for documentary Project Everlasting (2006) (vocals, music, lyrics, piano)
What You Won't Do for Love for Drivetime Reflections (2010) (vocals)
Filmography and theater[edit]
Films[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2003 From Justin to Kelly Justin Bell
2008 Fast Girl Darryl K. Sands
2014 Romeo and Juliet Paris
Theater roles[edit]
Good Vibrations (2004) as Jan[45]
The Awakening of Angel DeLuna (2009) as Fred[46]
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (2010–2011 Broadway) as Carlos[47]
American Idiot (2011 Broadway) as Will[48]
Rent (2011 Regional) as Roger Davis[49]
Chicago (2011 Regional) as Billy Flynn[50]
Ghost Brothers of Darkland County (2012 Regional) as Drake McCandless[51]
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (2012 Regional) as Joseph[52]
It's a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play (2012 Regional) as Jake[21]
Romeo and Juliet (2013 Broadway) as Paris[53]
Wicked (2014 Broadway) as Fiyero[54]
Paint Your Wagon (2015 New York City Center) as Julio [55][56]
Company (2015 Regional) as Bobby[57]
Moonshine: That Hee Haw Musical (2015 Regional)[58][59]
First Gentleman (2016 NYC)[60]
Mamma Mia! (2016 Regional) as Sam Carmichael [27]
Cake Off (2016 Regional) multiple roles [61]
In Transit (2016 Broadway) as Trent [28][62]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Atlanta Boy Choir to perform at the Monastery of the Holy Spirit | News". Rockdalecitizen.com. 2011-11-24. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini in world premiere of Stephen King musical". Philly.com. 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "A Comeback for Justin Guarini". TV Fanatic. 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "From Justin To Kelly (2003)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Moss, Corey (2003-12-02). "Where's Justin Guarini These Days? Not On RCA Records, Apparently - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Idol Star Guarini Leaves Company of Good Vibrations". Broadway.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'American Idol' Alumni Justin Guarini Planning Summer Wedding | Access Hollywood - Celebrity News, Photos & Videos". Access Hollywood. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "American Idol's Justin Guarini Marches Down the Aisle". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Justin Guarini Joins Broadway's Women on the Verge; Casting Complete Archived August 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Playbill.com, August 19, 2010
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini's 'Breakdown' getting a beatdown from theater critics". Content.usatoday.com. 2010-11-09. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Marks, Peter (5 November 2010). "Broadway's 'Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown' lacks an edge" – via washingtonpost.com.
Jump up ^ "Theater review: 'Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown' at the Belasco Theatre | Culture Monster | Los Angeles Times". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Davey Havok, Justin Guarini, Van Hughes Will Be New Leads of Broadway's American Idiot". Playbill.com. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini Welcomes Son William Neko – Moms & Babies – Moms & Babies - People.com". Celebritybabies.people.com. 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini Welcomes Son Asher – Moms & Babies – Celebrity Babies and Kids - Moms & Babies - People.com". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Broadway s Romeo and Juliet with Orlando Bloom and Condola Rashad Coming to Fathom Events Network of Movie Theaters Nationwide". The Gilmer Mirror. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Amabile Angermiller, Michele (February 5, 2014). "Justin Guarini Nabs Lead in 'Wicked' on Broadway". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gioia, Michael (November 20, 2014). "Caroline Bowman and Kara Lindsay Will Be Broadway's New Wicked Witches; Robin De Jesus, Matt Shingledecker to Also Join Cast". Playbill. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bert Osborne. ""Ghost Brothers of Darkland County" a musical horror story that t". Accessatlanta.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Emily Skinner, Shuler Hensley, Justin Guarini Set for GHOST BROTHERS OF DARKLAND COUNTY Workshop, 12/5". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Photo Flash: First Look at Justin Guarini, Lauren Molina, Jill Paice and More in Bucks County's IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Review: 'Paint Your Wagon,' Starring Keith Carradine, Opens at Encores!". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Theater Review: At Encores!, Paint Your Wagon". Vulture. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "First Look! Take a Gander at Broadway-Aimed Moonshine: That Hee Haw Musical | Broadway Buzz". Broadway.com. 2015-09-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Photo Flash: Meet the 'MOONSHINE' Cast & Creative Team, Beginning Previews Tonight in Dallas!". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Blank, Matthew (2015-09-17). "Drink Up! See Justin Guarini and Rose Hemingway Go Country in Moonshine: That Hee Haw Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Hayley Levitt (2016-05-31). "Justin Guarini Joins the Muny Cast of Mamma Mia!". TheaterMania.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Viagas, Robert (2016-08-30). "Telly Leung, Justin Guarini Among Cast of A Cappella Broadway Musical In Transit". Playbill. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
Jump up ^ Eddie Varley. "Justin Guarini's 'AWAKENING'". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Wicked Star Justin Guarini and More Join NYCLU's Broadway Stands Up for Freedom". TheaterMania.com. July 11, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini & Krysta Rodriguez to Host BROADWAY ON THE HUDSON on 9/27". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini and Kerry Butler to Host Times Square Tony Awards Simulcast". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini and Deborah Cox Will Host Times Square Simulcast of Tony Awards". Playbill. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "News: 38". BroadwayHD. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Writer, Matt Smith2; Theatre, Specialties Include; Entertainment, Other Forms of (24 June 2016). "16 Fun Facts We Learned on the Tonys Behind-the-Scenes Livestream Show". Huffingtonpost.com.
Jump up ^ "Diet Dr Pepper – Lil' Sweet Self Employed". youtube.com. 2015-02-19.
Jump up ^ Diet Dr Pepper – Lil’ Sweet ‘Birthday’ (2015). YouTube. March 20, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Beltrone, Gabriel (2016-01-25). "Diet Dr Pepper's Lil' Sweet Is Back, and Sweet-Talking All Over Your House, in New Ads". Adweek. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Lil' Sweet". Diet Dr Pepper. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Lil' Sweet (@DietDrPepper)". Twitter. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini: New EP on PledgeMusic". Pledgemusic.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Lisa de Moraes (23 May 2011). "American Idol finale: After 10 years, the beat goes on". Washington Post. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ David Clarke. "BWW CD Reviews: Broadway Records' WHERE THE SKY ENDS: THE MUSIC OF MICHAEL MOTT Awakens Dreamers". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "USATODAY.com - Guarini to star in 'Good Vibrations'". usatoday.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Eddie Varley. "Justin Guarini's 'AWAKENING'". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brian Scott Lipton (2010-11-10). "Justin Guarini Is Happy on the Verge". TheaterMania.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Ask a Star: Justin Guarini of American Idiot | Videos". Broadway.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Full Cast Announced for Justin Guarini-Led RENT at Surflight". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "American Idiot's Justin Guarini Will Star in Media Theatre's Chicago". Playbill. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini Will Star in Muny Production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat". Playbill. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
Jump up ^ "Christine Dwyer, Jenni Barber, Justin Guarini & More to Join Cast of WICKED in February". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Highlights From Paint Your Wagon With Keith Carradine, Alexandra Socha and Justin Guarini". Playbill. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "First Look at Keith Carradine, Alexandra Socha, and Justin Guarini in Paint Your Wagon". TheaterMania.com. March 18, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Photo Call: First Look at Justin Guarini in Bucks County Playhouse Production of Company". Playbill. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini, Rose Hemingway & More Will Star in MOONSHINE: THAT HEE HAW MUSICAL at Dallas Theater Center". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Andy Lefkowitz (June 18, 2015). "Justin Guarini Leads Cast of Moonshine: That Hee Haw Musical". TheaterMania.com. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (2016-02-10). "Justin Guarini, Rachel Bay Jones, Michael Rupert, Sally Struthers Set for Reading of First Gentleman Musical". Playbill. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Justin Guarini, Michele Ragusa and Euan Morton to Lead New Musical CAKE OFF at Bucks County Playhouse". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
Jump up ^ Derschowitz, Jessica (2016-08-30). "In Transit on Broadway: Justin Guarini joins a capella musical cast". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
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Louvre Pyramid
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The Louvre Pyramid
The Louvre Pyramid (Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass and metal pyramid designed by Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei, surrounded by three smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard (Cour Napoléon) of the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) in Paris. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1989,[1] it has become a landmark of the city of Paris.
Contents
1 Design and construction
2 History
3 Controversy
4 Urban legend of 666 panes
5 La Pyramide Inversée
6 Renovation
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Design and construction[edit]
Inside the Pyramid: the view of the Louvre Museum in Paris from the underground lobby of the pyramid.
Commissioned by the President of France, François Mitterrand, in 1984, it was designed by the architect I. M. Pei. The structure, which was constructed entirely with glass segments and metal poles, reaches a height of 21.6 metres (71 ft).[2] Its square base has sides of 34 metres (112 ft) and a base surface area of 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft).[3] It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass segments.[2] The pyramid structure was engineered by Nicolet Chartrand Knoll Ltd. of Montreal (Pyramid Structure / Design Consultant) and Rice Francis Ritchie of Paris (Pyramid Structure / Construction Phase).[4]
The pyramid and the underground lobby beneath it were created because of a series of problems with the Louvre's original main entrance, which could no longer handle the enormous number of visitors on an everyday basis.[citation needed] Visitors entering through the pyramid descend into the spacious lobby then ascend into the main Louvre buildings.[citation needed]
For design historian Mark Pimlott, "I.M. Pei’s plan distributes people effectively from the central concourse to myriad destinations within its vast subterranean network... the architectonic framework evokes, at gigantic scale, an ancient atrium of a Pompeiian villa; the treatment of the opening above, with its tracery of engineered castings and cables, evokes the atria of corporate office buildings; the busy movement of people from all directions suggests the concourses of rail termini or international airports."[5]
Several other museums have duplicated this concept, most notably the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. The Dolphin Centre, featuring a similar pyramid, was opened in April 1982, by Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.[6] The construction work on the pyramid base and underground lobby was carried out by the Vinci construction company.[7]
The large glass pyramid seen at night
The large glass pyramid seen by day
History[edit]
In 1839, according to one newspaper account, in ceremonies commemorating the "glorious revolution" of 1830, "The tombs of the Louvre were covered with black hangings and adorned with tricolored flags. In front and in the middle was erected an expiatory monument of a pyramidical shape, and surmounted by a funeral vase."[8]
Controversy[edit]
The construction of the pyramid triggered many years of strong and lively aesthetic and political debate.[9] Criticisms tended to fall into four areas: (1) the modernist style of the edifice being inconsistent with the classic French Renaissance style and history of the Louvre; (2) the pyramid being an unsuitable symbol of death from ancient Egypt; (3) the project being an immodest, pretentious, megalomaniacal folly imposed by then-President François Mitterrand; and (4) Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei being insufficiently French to be entrusted with the task of updating the treasured Parisian landmark.[10]
Those criticizing the aesthetics said it was "sacrilegious" to tamper with the Louvre's majestic old French Renaissance architecture, and called the pyramid an anachronistic intrusion of an Egyptian death symbol in the middle of Paris.[11] Meanwhile, political critics referred to the structure as Pharaoh Francois' Pyramid.[10] Many still continue to feel the harsh modernism of the edifice is out of place.[12][13][14]
During the design phase, there was a proposal[by whom?] that the design include a spire on the pyramid to simplify window washing. Pei objected, however, and this proposal was eliminated.
Urban legend of 666 panes[edit]
It has been claimed by some that the glass panes in the Louvre Pyramid number exactly 666, "the number of the beast", often associated with Satan. Dominique Stezepfandt's book François Mitterrand, Grand Architecte de l'Univers declares that "the pyramid is dedicated to a power described as the Beast in the Book of Revelation (...) The entire structure is based on the number 6."
The story of the 666 panes originated in the 1980s, when the official brochure published during construction did indeed cite this number (even twice, though a few pages earlier the total number of panes was given as 672 instead). The number 666 was also mentioned in various newspapers. The Louvre museum, however, states that the finished pyramid contains 673 glass panes (603 rhombi and 70 triangles).[2] A higher figure was obtained by David A. Shugarts, who reports that the pyramid contains 689 pieces of glass.[15] Shugarts obtained the figure from the Pei's offices.
Elementary arithmetic allows for easy counting of the panes: each of the three sides of the pyramid without an entrance has 18 triangular panes and 17 rows of rhombic ones arranged in a triangle, thus giving 17 ⋅ ( 17 + 1 ) 2 = 153 {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {17\cdot (17+1)}{2}}=153} rhombic panes (171 panes total). The side with the entrance has 11 panes fewer (9 rhombic, 2 triangular), so the whole pyramid consists of 4 ⋅ 153 − 9 = 603 {\displaystyle 4\cdot 153-9=603} rhombi and 4 ⋅ 18 − 2 = 70 {\displaystyle 4\cdot 18-2=70} triangles, 673 panes total.
The myth resurfaced in 2003, when Dan Brown incorporated it in his best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code, in which the protagonist reflects that "this pyramid, at President Mitterrand's explicit demand, had been constructed of exactly 666 panes of glass — a bizarre request that had always been a hot topic among conspiracy buffs who claimed 666 was the number of Satan."[16] However, David A. Shugarts reports that according to a spokeswoman of the offices of Pei, the French President never specified the number of panes to be used in the pyramid. Noting how the 666 rumor circulated in some French newspapers in the mid-1980s, she commented: "If you only found those old articles and didn't do any deeper fact checking, and were extremely credulous, you might believe the 666 story."[15]
Comparison of approximate profiles of the Louvre Pyramid with other notable pyramidal or near-pyramidal buildings. Dotted lines indicate original heights, where data are available. In its SVG file, hover over a pyramid to highlight and click for its article.
La Pyramide Inversée[edit]
Main article: La Pyramide Inversée
La Pyramide Inversée (The Inverted Pyramid) is a skylight in the Carrousel du Louvre shopping mall in front of the Louvre Museum. It looks like an upside-down and smaller version of the Louvre Pyramid.
Renovation[edit]
Designed for a museum that attracted 4.5 million visitors a year, the pyramid proved inadequate by the time the Louvre's attendance had doubled in 2014. Between 2014 and 2017, the layout of the foyer area in the Cour Napoleon beneath the glass pyramid is undergoing a thorough redesign, including better access to the pyramid and the Passage Richelieu.[17]
See also[edit]
Paris portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Simons, Marlise (28 March 1993). "5 Pieces of Europe's Past Return to Life: France; A vast new exhibition space as the Louvre renovates". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Architecture: Louvre Pyramid". Glass on the Web. June 2005. Archived from the original on 12 January 2002. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Official Press Release, Louvre. ""Pyramid" Project Launch: The Musée du Louvre is improving visitor reception (2014-2016)" (PDF). Louvre. p. 10. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grand Louvre: Phase I". Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Pimlott, Mark (2007). "The Grand Louvre & I.M. Pei". Without and Within: Essays on Territory and the Interior (Excerpt). Rotterdam: Episode Publishers. Retrieved 13 August 2012 – via artdesigncafe.
Jump up ^ Steer, Phil. "Dolphin Centre: Brief History". Romford Now & Then. Archived from the original on 23 November 2011. [self-published source]
Jump up ^ "History". Vinci. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Paris Sketch Book Of Mr. M. A. Titmarsh". Project Gutenberg.
Jump up ^ Tempest, Rone. "Controversial New Pyramid Entrance to the Louvre Opens in Paris". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Bernstein, Richard. "I.M. Pei's Pyramid: A Provocative Plan for The Louvre". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldberger, Paul. "Pei Pyramid and New Louvre Open Today". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Stamberg, Susan. "Landmark At The Louvre: The Pyramid Turns 20". NPR. National Public Radio. Retrieved 16 May 2016. ,
Jump up ^ Carbone, Ken. "Viva Le Louvre! At 20, I.M. Pei's Controversial Pyramid Defies Critics". Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures, LLC. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Souza, Eduardo. "AD Classics: Le Grande Louvre / I.M. Pei". Arch Daily. Plataforma Networks Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Secrets of the Code, edited by Dan Burstein, p. 259.[full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Dan Brown. The Da Vinci Code, p. 21.[full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Pes, Javier (28 April 2014). "Louvre's Director Makes Unblocking Pyramid Bottleneck a Priority". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louvre Pyramid.
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BNF: cb12119366r (data)
GND: 4292642-7
Coordinates: 48°51′39″N 2°20′09″E / 48.860854°N 2.335812°E / 48.860854; 2.335812
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louvre_Pyramid&oldid=854361007"
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