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Plains Indians
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Southern Cheyenne Chiefs Lawrence Hart, Darryl Flyingman and Harvey Pratt in Oklahoma City, 2008
Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America. Their historic nomadic culture and development of equestrian culture and resistance to domination by the government and military forces of Canada and the United States have made the Plains Indian culture groups an archetype in literature and art for American Indians everywhere.
Plains Indians are usually divided into two broad classifications which overlap to some degree. The first group became a fully nomadic horse culture during the 18th and 19th centuries, following the vast herds of buffalo, although some tribes occasionally engaged in agriculture. These include the Blackfoot, Arapaho, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Gros Ventre, Kiowa, Lakota, Lipan, Plains Apache (or Kiowa Apache), Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwe, Sarsi, Nakoda (Stoney), and Tonkawa. The second group of Plains Indians were semi-sedentary, and, in addition to hunting buffalo, they lived in villages, raised crops, and actively traded with other tribes. These include the Arikara, Hidatsa, Iowa, Kaw (or Kansa), Kitsai, Mandan, Missouria, Omaha, Osage, Otoe, Pawnee, Ponca, Quapaw, Wichita, and the Santee Dakota, Yanktonai and Yankton Dakota. Both groups included people indigenous to the region as well as those who were pushed west by population pressure linked to the ever-westward expansion of white culture.
Contents
[hide]
1 Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies
2 Historic culture
2.1 Clothing
2.2 Religion
3 Gender roles
4 The horse
5 Hunting
6 Agriculture and plant foods
7 Warfare
8 Research
9 See also
10 Notes
11 Further reading
12 External links
Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies[edit]
Further information: Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains are often separated into Northern and Southern Plains tribes.
Anishinaabe (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands)
Saulteaux (Nakawē), Manitoba, Minnesota and Ontario; later Alberta, British Columbia, Montana, Saskatchewan
Apache (see also Southwest)
Lipan Apache, New Mexico, Texas
Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache), Oklahoma
Querecho Apache, Texas
Arapaho (Arapahoe), formerly Colorado, currently Oklahoma and Wyoming
Besawunena
Nawathinehena
Arikara (Arikaree, Arikari, Ree), North Dakota
Atsina (Gros Ventre), Montana
Blackfoot
Kainai Nation (Káínaa, Blood), Alberta
Northern Peigan (Aapátohsipikáni), Alberta
Blackfeet, Southern Piegan (Aamsskáápipikani), Montana
Siksika (Siksikáwa), Alberta
Cheyenne, Montana, Oklahoma
Suhtai, Montana, Oklahoma
Comanche, Oklahoma, Texas
Plains Cree, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba
Crow (Absaroka, Apsáalooke), Montana
Escanjaques, Oklahoma
Hidatsa, North Dakota
Iowa (Ioway), Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
Kaw (Kansa, Kanza), Oklahoma
Kiowa, Oklahoma
Mandan, North Dakota
Métis people (Canada), North Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta
Missouri (Missouria), Oklahoma
Omaha, Nebraska
Osage, Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas, Missouri
Otoe (Oto), Oklahoma, formerly Missouri
Pawnee, Oklahoma
Chaui, Oklahoma[1]
Kitkehakhi, Oklahoma[1]
Pitahawirata, Oklahoma[1]
Skidi, Oklahoma[1]
Ponca, Nebraska, Oklahoma
Quapaw, formerly Arkansas, Oklahoma
Sioux
Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
Santee, Nebraska
Yankton, South Dakota
Yanktonai, formerly Minnesota, currently Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota
Lakota (Teton), Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Saskatchewan
Sičháŋǧu (Brulé, Burned Thighs)
Oglála (Scatters Their Own)
Itázipčho (Sans Arc, No Bows)
Húŋkpapȟa (Hunkpapa)
Mnikȟówožu (Miniconjou)
Sihásapa (Blackfoot Sioux)
Oóhenuŋpa (Two Kettles)
Nakoda (Stoney), Alberta
Nakota, Assiniboine (Assiniboin), Montana, Saskatchewan
Teyas, Texas
Tonkawa, Oklahoma
Tsuu T’ina, (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina), Alberta
Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas
Kichai, Texas, Oklahoma
Rayados, Kansas
Taovayas, Texas, Oklahoma
Tawakoni, Texas, Oklahoma
Waco, Texas, Oklahoma
Historic culture[edit]
The nomadic tribes historically survived on hunting and gathering, and the American Bison was one primary resource for items which people used for everyday life, including food, cups, decorations, crafting tools, knives, and clothing.
The tribes followed the seasonal grazing and migration of buffalo. The Plains Indians lived in teepees because they were easily disassembled and allowed the nomadic life of following game. When horses were obtained, the Plains tribes rapidly integrated them into their daily lives. People in the southwest began to acquire horses in the 16th century by trading or stealing them from Spanish colonists in New Mexico. As horse culture moved northward, the Comanche were among the first to commit to a fully mounted nomadic lifestyle. This occurred by the 1730s, when they had acquired enough horses to put all their people on horseback.[2]
The Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado was the first European to describe the Plains Indian culture. While searching for a reputedly wealthy land called Quivira in 1541, Coronado came across the Querechos in the Texas panhandle. The Querechos were the people later called Apache. According to the Spaniards, the Querechos lived "in tents made of the tanned skins of the cows (bison). They dry the flesh in the sun, cutting it thin like a leaf, and when dry they grind it like meal to keep it and make a sort of sea soup of it to eat....They season it with fat, which they always try to secure when they kill a cow. They empty a large gut and fill it with blood, and carry this around the neck to drink when they are thirsty."[3] Coronado described many common features of Plains Indians culture: skin tepees, travois pulled by dogs, Plains Indian Sign Language, and staple foods such as jerky and pemmican. The Plains Indians found by Coronado had not yet obtained horses; it was the introduction of the horse that revolutionized Plains culture.
By the 19th century, the typical year of the Lakota and other northern nomads was a communal buffalo hunt as early in spring as their horses had recovered from the rigors of the winter. In June and July the scattered bands of the tribes gathered together into large encampments, which included ceremonies such as the Sun Dance. These gatherings afforded leaders to meet to make political decisions, plan movements, arbitrate disputes, and organize and launch raiding expeditions or war parties. In the fall, people would split up into smaller bands to facilitate hunting to procure meat for the long winter. Between the fall hunt and the onset of winter was a time when Lakota warriors could undertake raiding and warfare. With the coming of winter snows, the Lakota settled into winter camps, where activities of the season ceremonies and dances as well as trying to ensure adequate winter feed for their horses.[4] On the southern plains, with their milder winters, the fall and winter was often the raiding season. Beginning in the 1830s, the Comanche and their allies often raided for horses and other goods deep into Mexico, sometimes venturing 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south from their homes near the Red River in Texas and Oklahoma.[5]
Clothing[edit]
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Hides, with or without fur, provided material for much clothing. Most of the clothing consisted of the hides of buffalo and deer, as well as numerous species of birds and other small game.[6] Plains moccasins tended to be constructed with soft braintanned hide on the vamps and tough rawhide for the soles. Men's moccasins tended to have flaps around the ankles, while women's had high tops, which could be pulled up in the winter and rolled down in the summer. Honored warriors and leaders earn the right to wear war bonnets, headdresses with feathers, often of golden or bald eagles.
Religion[edit]
The Ghost Dance by the Oglala Lakota at Pine Ridge. Illustration by Frederic Remington
Different tribes developed own religions, cosmologies, and world views, many of which are animist in nature, that is, they are based on the observation that all things are alive and possess spirits. Earth was quite important, as she was the mother of all spirits. Daily prayers could be performed by an individual or be part of group ceremonies. The most important group ceremony is the Sun Dance, an intertribal ceremony on the Plains that involves personal sacrifice for the good of loved ones and the entire community.[7][8]
Certain people are Wakan, or "blessed" in Lakota as medicine men or women with spiritual roles in the community. The buffalo is particularly sacred to many of the Plains peoples; their horns and hides are sometimes used as sacred regalia during ceremony.[9] In Plains cosmology, certain items possess spiritual or talismanic power. Medicine bundles are particularly sacred and are only entrusted to specialized bundle keepers. Other items with great spiritual power include war shields, war shirts, and ceremonial pipes, many of which have been cared for by tribes for centuries.[citation needed]
Gender roles[edit]
Historically, Plains Indian women had distinctly defined gender roles that were different from, but complementary to, men's roles. They typically owned the family's home and the majority of its contents.[10] In traditional culture, women tanned hides, tended crops, gathered wild foods, prepared food, made clothing, and took down and erected the family's tepees. In the present day, these customs are still observed when lodges are set up for ceremonial use, such as at powwows. Historically, Plains women were not as engaged in public political life as were the women in the coastal tribes. However, they still participated in an advisory role and through the women's societies.[11]
In contemporary Plains cultures, traditionalists work to preserve the knowledge of these traditions of everyday life and the values attached to them.[12]
Plains women in general have historically had the right to divorce and keep custody of their children.[10] Because women own the home, an unkind husband can find himself homeless.[10] A historical example of a Plains woman divorcing is Making Out Road, a Cheyenne woman, who in 1841 married non-Native frontiersman Kit Carson. The marriage was turbulent and formally ended when Making Out Road threw Carson and his belongings out of her tepee (in the traditional manner of announcing a divorce). She later went on to marry, and divorce, several additional men, both European-American and Indian.[13]
The horse[edit]
Blackfoot warrior, painted between 1840 and 1843 by Karl Bodmer
The horse enabled the Plains Indians to gain their subsistence with relative ease from the seemingly limitless buffalo herds. Riders were able to travel faster and farther in search of bison herds and to transport more goods, thus making it possible to enjoy a richer material environment than their pedestrian ancestors. For the Plains peoples, the horse became an item of prestige as well of utility. They were extravagantly fond of their horses and the lifestyle they permitted.
The first Spanish explorer to bring horses to the new world was Hernán Cortés in 1519. However, Cortés only brought about sixteen horses with his expedition. Coronado brought 558 horses with him on his 1539–1542 expedition. At the time, the Indians of these regions had never seen a horse, although they had probably[according to whom?] heard of them from contacts with Indians in Mexico. Only two of Coronado's horses were mares, so he was highly unlikely to have been the source of the horses that Plains Indians later adopted as the cornerstone of their culture.[14] In 1592, however, Juan de Onate brought 7,000 head of livestock with him when he came north to establish a colony in New Mexico. His horse herd included mares as well as stallions.
Stump Horn and his family (Cheyenne) with a horse and travois, c. 1871–1907
Pueblo Indians learned about horses by working for Spanish colonists. The Spanish attempted to keep knowledge of riding away from Native people, but nonetheless, they learned and some fled their servitude to their Spanish employers—and took horses with them. Some horses were obtained through trade in spite of prohibitions against it. Other horses escaped captivity for a feral existence and were captured by Native people. In all cases the horse was adopted into their culture and herds multiplied. By 1659, the Navajo from northwestern New Mexico were raiding the Spanish colonies to steal horses. By 1664, the Apache were trading captives from other tribes to the Spanish for horses. The real beginning of the horse culture of the plains began with the expulsion of the Spanish from New Mexico in 1680 when the victorious Pueblo people captured thousands of horses and other livestock. They traded many horses north to the Plains Indians.[15] In 1683 a Spanish expedition into Texas found horses among Native people. In 1690, a few horses were found by the Spanish among the Indians living at the mouth of the Colorado River of Texas and the Caddo of eastern Texas had a sizeable number.[16]
The French explorer Claude Charles Du Tisne found 300 horses among the Wichita on the Verdigris River in 1719, but they were still not plentiful. Another Frenchman, Bourgmont, could only buy seven at a high price from the Kaw in 1724, indicating that horses were still scarce among tribes in Kansas. While the distribution of horses proceeded slowly northward on the Great Plains, it moved more rapidly through the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin. The Shoshone in Wyoming had horses by about 1700 and the Blackfoot people, the most northerly of the large Plains tribes, acquired horses in the 1730s.[17] By 1770, that Plains Indians culture was mature, consisting of mounted buffalo-hunting nomads from Saskatchewan and Alberta southward nearly to the Rio Grande. Soon afterwards pressure from Europeans on all sides and European diseases caused its decline.
It was the Comanche, coming to the attention of the Spanish in New Mexico in 1706, who first realized the potential of the horse. As pure nomads, hunters, and pastoralists, well supplied with horses, they swept most of the mixed-economy Apaches from the plains and by the 1730s were dominant in the Great Plains south of the Arkansas River.[18] The success of the Comanche encouraged other Indian tribes to adopt a similar lifestyle. The southern Plains Indians acquired vast numbers of horses. By the 19th century, Comanche and Kiowa families owned an average of 35 horses and mules each – and only six or seven were necessary for transport and war. The horses extracted a toll on the environment as well as requiring labor to care for the herd. Formerly egalitarian societies became more divided by wealth with a negative impact on the role of women. The richest men would have several wives and captives who would help manage their possessions, especially horses.[19]
The milder winters of the southern Plains favored a pastoral economy by the Indians.[20] On the northeastern Plains of Canada, the Indians were less favored, with families owning fewer horses, remaining more dependent upon dogs for transporting goods, and hunting bison on foot. The scarcity of horses in the north encouraged raiding and warfare in competition for the relatively small number of horses that survived the severe winters.[21]
The Lakota or Teton Sioux enjoyed the happy medium between North and South and became the dominant Plains tribe by the mid 19th century. They had relatively small horse herds, thus having less impact on their ecosystem. At the same time, they occupied the heart of prime bison range which was also an excellent region for furs, which could be sold to French and American traders for goods such as guns. The Lakota became the most powerful of the Plains tribes and the greatest threat to American expansion.[22]
Hunting[edit]
"Assiniboine hunting buffalo", painting by Paul Kane
Although people of the Plains hunted other animals, such as elk or antelope, buffalo was the primary game food source. Before horses were introduced, hunting was a more complicated process. Hunters would surround the bison, and then try to herd them off cliffs or into confined places where they could be more easily killed. The Plains Indians constructed a v-shaped funnel, about a mile long, made of fallen trees, rocks, etc. Sometimes bison could be lured into a trap by a person covering himself with a bison skin and imitating the call of the animals.
Before their adoption of guns, the Plains Indians hunted with spears, bows, and various forms of clubs. The use of horses by the Plains Indians made hunting (and warfare) much easier. With horses, the Plains Indians had the means and speed to stampede or overtake the bison. The Plains Indians reduced the length of their bows to three feet to accommodate their use on horseback. They continued to use bows and arrows after the introduction of firearms, because guns took too long to reload and were too heavy. In the summer, many tribes gathered for hunting in one place. The main hunting seasons were fall, summer, and spring. In winter harsh snow and mighty blizzards made it more difficult to locate and hunt bison.
This painting by Alfred Jacob Miller exaggerates the portrayal of Plains Indians chasing buffalo over a small cliff.[23] The Walters Art Museum.
There were U.S. government initiatives at the federal and local level to starve the population of the Plains Indians by killing off their main food source, the bison.[24][25] Bison were hunted by market hunting almost to extinction in the 19th century and were reduced to a few hundred by the early 1900s. They were slaughtered for their skins, with the rest of the animal left behind to decay on the ground.[26] After the animals rotted, their bones were collected and shipped back east in large quantities.[26]
This map of the extermination of bison to 1889 is based on William Temple Hornaday's late-nineteenth-century research.
The Government promoted bison hunting for various reasons: to allow ranchers to range their cattle without competition from other bovines and to weaken the Plains Indian population and pressure them to remain on reservations.[24] The herds formed the basis of the economies of the Plains tribes. Without bison, the people were forced to move onto reservations or starve.
The railroad industry also wanted bison herds culled or eliminated. Herds of bison on tracks could damage locomotives when the trains failed to stop in time. Herds often took shelter in the artificial cuts formed by the grade of the track winding through hills and mountains in harsh winter conditions. As a result, bison herds could delay a train for days.[citation needed]
As the great herds began to wane, proposals to protect the bison were discussed. Buffalo Bill Cody, among others, spoke in favor of protecting the bison because he saw that the pressure on the species was too great. But these were discouraged since it was recognized that the Plains Indians, often at war with the United States, depended on bison for their way of life. In 1874, President Ulysses S. Grant "pocket vetoed" a Federal bill to protect the dwindling bison herds, and in 1875 General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to slaughter the herds, to deprive the Plains Indians of their source of food.[27]
A pile of bison skulls in the 1870s.
Agriculture and plant foods[edit]
The Wichita were an agrarian Southern Plains tribe, who traditionally lived in beehive-shaped houses thatched with grass surrounded by extensive maize fields. They were skilled farmers who traded agricultural products with the nomadic tribes in exchange for meat and hides.
Further information: Agriculture on the prehistoric Great Plains
The semi-sedentary, village-dwelling Plains Indians depended upon agriculture for a large share of their livelihood, particularly those who lived in the eastern parts of the Great Plains which had more precipitation than the western side. Corn was the dominant crop, followed by squash and beans. Tobacco, sunflower, plums and other wild plants were also cultivated or gathered in the wild.[28] Among the wild crops gathered the most important were probably berries to flavor pemmican and the Prairie Turnip.
The first indisputable evidence of maize cultivation on the Great Plains is about 900 AD.[29] The earliest farmers, the Southern Plains villagers were probably Caddoan speakers, the ancestors of the Wichita, Pawnee, and Arikara of today. Plains farmers developed short-season and drought resistant varieties of food plants. They did not use irrigation but were adept at water harvesting and siting their fields to receive the maximum benefit of limited rainfall. The Hidatsa and Mandan of North Dakota cultivated maize at the northern limit of its range.[30]
The farming tribes also hunted buffalo, deer, elk, and other game. Typically, on the southern Plains, they planted crops in the spring, left their permanent villages to hunt buffalo in the summer, returned to harvest crops in the fall, and left again to hunt buffalo in the winter. The farming Indians also traded corn to the nomadic tribes for dried buffalo meat.
With the arrival of the horse, some tribes, such as the Lakota and Cheyenne, gave up agriculture to become full-time, buffalo-hunting nomads.
Warfare[edit]
This painting depicts the speed and violence of an encounter between the U.S. cavalry and Plains Indians.
The earliest Spanish explorers in the 16th century did not find the Plains Indians especially warlike. The Wichita in Kansas and Oklahoma lived in dispersed settlements with no defensive works. The Spanish initially had friendly contacts with the Apache (Querechos) in the Texas Panhandle.[31]
Three factors led to a growing importance of warfare in Plains Indian culture. First, was the Spanish colonization of New Mexico which stimulated raids and counter-raids by Spaniards and Indians for goods and slaves. Second, was the contact of the Indians with French fur traders which increased rivalry among Indian tribes to control trade and trade routes. Third, was the acquisition of the horse and the greater mobility it afforded the Plains Indians.[32] What evolved among the Plains Indians from the 17th to the late 19th century was warfare as both a means of livelihood and a sport.
The Plains Indians raided each other, the Spanish colonies, and, increasingly, the encroaching frontier of the Anglos for horses, and other property. They acquired guns and other European goods primarily by trade. Their principal trading products were buffalo hides and beaver pelts.[citation needed]
Although they could be tenacious in defense, Plains Indians warriors took the offensive mostly for material gain and individual prestige. The highest military honors were for "counting coup"—touching a live enemy. Battles between Indians often consisted of opposing warriors demonstrating their bravery rather than attempting to achieve concrete military objectives. The emphasis was on ambush and hit and run actions rather than closing with an enemy. Success was often counted by the number of horses or property obtained in the raid. Casualties were usually light. "Indians consider it foolhardiness to make an attack where it is certain some of them will be killed."[33]
Due to their mobility, endurance, horsemanship, and knowledge of the vast plains that were their domain, the Plains Indians were often victors in their battles against the U.S. army in the American era from 1803 to about 1890. However, although Indians won many battles, they could not undertake lengthy campaigns. Indian armies could only be assembled for brief periods of time as warriors also had to hunt for food for their families.[34] The exception to that was raids into Mexico by the Comanche and their allies in which the raiders often subsisted for months off the riches of Mexican haciendas and settlements. The basic weapon of the Indian warrior was the short, stout bow, designed for use on horseback and deadly, but only at short range. Guns were usually in short supply and ammunition scarce for Native warriors.[35]
Research[edit]
The people of the Great Plains have been found to be the tallest people in the world during the late 19th century, based on 21st century analysis of data (originally) collected by Franz Boas for the World Columbian Exposition. This information is significant to anthropometric historians, who usually equate the height of populations with their overall health and standard of living.[36]
See also[edit]
Indigenous peoples of North America portal
Comanche-Mexico Wars
Plains Standard Sign Language
Plains hide painting
Hair drop, Plains men's adornment
Native American tribes in Nebraska
Buffalo jump
Powwow
Southern Plains villagers
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Preamble." Constitution of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma. Retrieved 5 Dec 2012.
Jump up ^ Hamalainen, Pekka (2008). The Comanche Empire. Yale University Press. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-0-300-12654-9.
Jump up ^ Winship, George Parker (ed and trans), The Journey of Coronado, 1540–1542, from the City of Mexico to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and the Buffalo Plains of Texas. New York: A.S. Barnes & Company, 1904, 65, 112
Jump up ^ Hyde, George E. Red Cloud's Folks: A History of the Oglala Sioux Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1937, p. 160; Price, Catherine, The Oglala People, 1841-1879 Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 13-16
Jump up ^ DeLay, Brian, The War of a Thousand Deserts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 116, 317-319, 327
Jump up ^ Strutin, Michal (1999). A Guide to Contemporary Plains Indians. Tucson: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association. pp. 9–11. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Brown, 1996: pp. 34-5; 1994 Mandelbaum, 1975, pp. 14-15; & Pettipas, 1994 p. 210. "A Description and Analysis of Sacrificial Stall Dancing: As Practiced by the Plains Cree and Saulteaux of the Pasqua Reserve, Saskatchewan, in their Contemporary Rain Dance Ceremonies" by Randall J. Brown, Master thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 1996. Mandelbaum, David G. (1979). The Plains Cree: An ethnographic, historical and comparative study. Canadian Plains Studies No. 9. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center. Pettipas, Katherine. (1994). "Serving the ties that bind: Government repression of Indigenous religious ceremonies on the prairies." Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press.
Jump up ^ Sun Dance traditions. 26 January 2013
Jump up ^ Schilling, Vincent (2014-10-28). "Our Brothers and Sisters: 5 Sacred Animals and What They Mean in Native Cultures". Indian Country Today Media Network.com. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wishart, David J. "Native American Gender Roles." Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Retrieved 15 Oct 2013.
Jump up ^ Price 19
Jump up ^ "Traditional Vs Progressive « Speak Without Interruption". speakwithoutinterruption.com. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Sides, Hampton. Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West New York: Doubleday, 2006, p. 34
Jump up ^ Haines, Francis. "The Northward Spread of Horses among the Plains Indians. American Anthropologist, Vol 40, No. 3 (1988), 429
Jump up ^ Haines, 429–431
Jump up ^ Bolton, Herbert Eugene. Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542–1706. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2007 (reprint), 296, 315; Haines, 432
Jump up ^ Haines, 429–437
Jump up ^ Hamalainen, Pekka, "The Rise and Fall of Plains Indian Horse Culture." Journal of American History, Vol 90, No. 3, 3–4.
Jump up ^ Hamalainen, 7–8
Jump up ^ Osborn, Alan J. "Ecological Aspects of Equestrian Adaptation in Aboriginal North America." American Anthropologist, Nol. 85, No. 3 (Sept 1983), 566
Jump up ^ Hamalainen, 10–15
Jump up ^ Hamalainen, 20–21
Jump up ^ "Hunting Buffalo". The Walters Art Museum.
^ Jump up to: a b Moulton, M (1995). Wildlife issues in a changing world, 2nd edition. CRC Press.
Jump up ^ Smits, David D. (1994). "The Frontier Army and the Destruction of the Buffalo: 1865-1883". The Western Historical Quarterly. Western Historical Quarterly, Utah State University on behalf of The Western History Association. 25 (3): 112–338. JSTOR 971110. PDF: history.msu.edu
^ Jump up to: a b Records, Laban (March 1995). Cherokee Outlet Cowboy: Recollections of Laban S. Records. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2694-4.
Jump up ^ Bergman, Brian (2004-02-16). "Bison Back from Brink of Extinction". Maclean's. thecanadianencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2008-03-14. For the sake of lasting peace, let them kill, skin and sell until the buffaloes are exterminated.
Jump up ^ Drass, Ricard R. "Corn, Beans, and Squash: Cultivated Plants and Changing Economies of the Late Prehistoric Villagers on the Plains of Oklahoma and Northwest Texas" Plains Anthropologist, Vol 53 No. 205 (Feb 2008), p. 12; "Prunus Americana" http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/pruame/all.html, accessed 12 Dec 2012
Jump up ^ Drass, p. 12
Jump up ^ Schneider, Fred "Prehistoric Horticulture in the Northeastern Plains." Plains Anthropologist, 47 (180), 2002, pp. 33-50
Jump up ^ Winship, George Parker (Ed. and Translator) The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the City of Mexico to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and the Buffalo Plains of Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska, As Told by Himself and his Followers. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co, 1904
Jump up ^ John, Elizabeth A. H. Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1975, p. 154
Jump up ^ Ambrose, Stephen Crazy Horse and Custer New York: Anchor Books, 1975, p. 12.
Jump up ^ Ambrose, p. 66
Jump up ^ Ambrose, p. 243
Jump up ^ "Standing Tall: Plains Indians Enjoyed Height, Health Advantage", Jeff Grabmeier, Ohio State
Further reading[edit]
Berlo, Janet Catherine; et al. (1998). Native paths: American Indian art from the collection of Charles and Valerie Diker. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870998560.
Carlson, Paul H. (1998) The Plains Indians. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-828-4
Keyser, James D; Michael Klassen (2001), Plains Indian Rock Art, University of Washington Press, ISBN 029598094X
Lowie, Robert Harry; Raymond J. DeMallie (1982), Indians of the Plains, University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0-8032-2858-9
Marker, Sherry (2003), Plains Indian Wars, Facts On File, ISBN 0-8160-4931-9
Ronald Peter, Koch (1988), Dress Clothing of the Plains Indians, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0-8061-2137-8
Schuon, Frithjof (1990), The feathered sun: plains Indians in art and philosophy, World Wisdom Books, ISBN 0-941532-10-0
Sturtevant, William C., general editor and Bruce G. Trigger, volume editor. Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast. Volume 15. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. ASIN B000NOYRRA.
Taylor, Colin E. (1994) The Plains Indians: A Cultural and Historical View of the North American Plains Tribes of the Pre-Reservation Period. Crescent. ISBN 0-517-14250-3.
External links[edit]
Great Plains Indians Musical Instruments on the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
"American Indian Contributions To Science and Technology", Chris R. Landon, Portland Public Schools, 1993
"Buffalo and the Plains Indians", South Dakota State Historical Society Education Kit
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text:
2017 Pro Kabaddi League season
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Vivo Pro Kabaddi season 5
Dates
July 28, 2017 (2017-07-28) – October 28, 2017 (2017-10-28)
Administrator(s)
Mashal Sports
Tournament format(s)
Double round robin, round robin and playoffs
Host(s)
India
Champions
Patna Pirates (3rd title)
Defending Champions
Patna Pirates
Participants
12
Matches played
138
Official website
prokabaddi.com
← 2016 (June)
2018 →
The 2017 Vivo Pro Kabaddi League season is the fifth season of Pro Kabaddi League, a professional kabaddi league in India since 2014. It is organised by Mashal Sports and Star India. This season includes 12 teams after the inclusion of four new teams: UP Yoddha, Tamil Thalaivas, Haryana Steelers and Gujarat Fortunegiants
Contents
[hide]
1 Auction
2 Opening ceremony
3 Teams
3.1 Stadiums and Locations
3.2 Personnel & kit
4 Sponsorship
5 Rules and Regulations
6 Points Table
6.1 Zone A
6.2 Zone B
7 League Stage
7.1 Leg 1 – Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad
7.2 Leg 2 – Mankapur Indoor Stadium, Nagpur
7.3 Leg 3 – The Arena, Ahmedabad
7.4 Leg 4 – Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium, Lucknow
7.5 Leg 5 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
7.6 Leg 6 – Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium, Kolkata
7.7 Leg 7 – Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Sonepat
7.8 Leg 8 – Harivansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium, Ranchi
7.9 Leg 9 – Thyagaraj Sports Complex, New Delhi
7.10 Leg 10 – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai
7.11 Leg 11 – Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium, Jaipur
7.12 Leg 12 – Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, Pune
8 Playoffs
8.1 Eliminator 1 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
8.2 Eliminator 2 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
8.3 Qualifier 1 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
8.4 Eliminator 3 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
8.5 Qualifier 2 – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai
8.6 Final – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai
9 Statistics
9.1 Most Points Overall
9.2 Most Raid Points
9.3 Most Tackle Points
9.4 Most Super 10s
9.5 Most High 5s
10 References
Auction[edit]
Auctions for the new season were held in May, before which the existing teams were allowed to retain one player each. The auction saw over 400 players go under the hammer and a total of Rs 46.99 crore spent by the 12 teams.
The most expensive pick of the auction was raider Nitin Tomar, who was bought by the new UP franchise for a sum of Rs 93 lakh.[1] Following in second place was Rohit Kumar after the Bengaluru Bulls picked him for a Rs 81 lakh price. The most expensive foreign player was South Korea's Jang Kun Lee after he was retained by the Bengal Warriors for Rs 80.3 lakhs.
Opening ceremony[edit]
The opening ceremony is held on the first match of every leg in each stadium. This is similar to that of IPL 2017. It is done so to highlight the importance of the tradition and culture all over the country.
Teams[edit]
Stadiums and Locations[edit]
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.
Team
Location
Stadium[2]
Bengal Warriors Kolkata Netaji Indoor Stadium
Bengaluru Bulls Bengaluru Mankapur Indoor Stadium
Dabang Delhi KC Delhi Thyagaraj Sports Complex
Jaipur Pink Panthers Jaipur Sawai Mansingh Stadium
Patna Pirates Ranchi Harivansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium
Puneri Paltan Pune Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex
Telugu Titans Hyderabad/Vizag Gachibowli Indoor Stadium
U Mumba Mumbai Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium
Gujarat Fortune Giants Ahmedabad The Arena Indoor Stadium
UP Yoddha Lucknow Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium
Tamil Thalaivas Chennai Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Haryana Steelers Haryana Motilal Nehru School of Sports
Bengaluru Bulls
U Mumba
Puneri Paltan
Bengal Warriors
Jaipur Pink Panthers
Patna Pirates
Telugu Titans
Dabang Delhi
Gujarat Fortunegiants
UP Yoddha
Haryana Steelers
Tamil Thalaivas
Locations of the Pro Kabaddi teams
Personnel & kit[edit]
Teams
Owners
Captain
Head coach
Main Sponsor
Back Sponsor
Bengal Warriors Birthright Games & Entertainment Private Limited Surjeet Singh Jagdish Kumble
Bengaluru Bulls WL League Pvt. Ltd. Rohit Kumar Randhir Singh -
Dabang Delhi KC Mrs Radha Kapoor Khanna Meraj Sheykh Dr. Ramesh Bhendigiri ISDI ISME
Jaipur Pink Panthers Abhishek Bachchan Manjeet Chillar Balwan Singh Finolex Cables Lux Cozi
Patna Pirates Rajesh V. Shah Pardeep Narwal Ram Meher Singh Birla Gold Premium Cement Johnson
Puneri Paltan Insurekot Sports Deepak Niwas Hooda BC Ramesh Force Motors
Telugu Titans Veera Sports Rahul Chaudhari Naveen Kumar Greenko TVS Tyres
U Mumba Ronnie Screwvala Anup Kumar Bhaskaran Edacherry
Tamil Thalaivas Iquest Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. & Blasters Sports Ventures Pvt. Ltd. Ajay Thakur K Baskaran Muthoot Fincorp India Maha Cement
Gujarat Fortune Giants Mr. Gautam Adani Fazel Atrachali Manpreet Singh Adani Simpolo
Haryana Steelers JSW Group Surender Nada Rambir Singh Khokhar Kent RO
UP Yoddha GMR League Games Pvt. Ltd. Nitin Tomar J. Udaya Kumar Tata Yodha Karbonn
Sponsorship[edit]
Vivo
TVS
Bajaj
Mutual Funds Sahi hai!
Gillette Mach3 Turbo
Nissin
Royal Challenge Sports Drink
RR Kabel
Rules and Regulations[edit]
The 12 teams are divided into two zones of six each. Each team plays a total of 22 matches in the league stage:
1. Teams from the same zone play each other thrice, totalling 15 matches in the zone.
2. Then, a team will play an additional of 6 matches with the teams from the other zone. (Each team plays other team from the other zone once). These 6 inter-zone matches for each team will be held on three different weeks. These weeks are known as inter-zone challenge weeks and the respective weeks are:
1st: August 15-August 20
2nd: September 5-September 10
3rd: September 26-October 1
3. Then, each team plays one wild card match which is an additional inter-zone match in the penultimate week, selected by a random mid-season draw, totalling 22 matches in the league stage.
The top three teams from each zone qualify for the super playoffs and compete for the title.
Points Table[edit]
Source: prokabaddi.com[3]
The teams are divided into two zones with each zone having six teams based on their geographical proximity. Each team will play 15 intra-zonal matches and 7 inter-zonal matches.
Zone A[edit]
Team
Played
Won
Lost
Tied
SD
Points
Gujarat Fortune Giants 22 15 4 3 126 87
Puneri Paltan 22 15 7 0 91 80
Haryana Steelers 22 13 5 4 40 79
U Mumba 22 10 12 0 -50 56
Jaipur Pink Panthers 22 8 13 1 -91 51
Dabang Delhi 22 5 16 1 -134 38
Zone B[edit]
Team
Played
Won
Lost
Tied
SD
Points
Bengal Warriors 22 11 5 6 19 77
Patna Pirates 22 10 7 5 60 71
UP Yoddha 22 8 10 4 2 60
Bengaluru Bulls 22 8 11 3 10 57
Telugu Titans 22 7 12 3 -2 52
Tamil Thalaivas 22 6 14 2 -71 46
Updated after match 132
advanced to Qualifier 1
advanced to Eliminators
Five points for every win
Three points each if draw
One point if a team loses by seven or fewer points
Top three teams from each zone qualify for the playoffs
SD = Score Difference
League Stage[edit]
Source:prokabaddi.com[4]
Leg 1 – Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad[edit]
28 July 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans (W)
32 – 27
Tamil Thalaivas
[1]
Match 1
28 July 2017
21:00
U Mumba
21 – 33
Puneri Paltan (W)
[2]
Match 2
29 July 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
26 – 30
Dabang Delhi (W)
[3]
Match 3
29 July 2017
21:00
Telugu Titans
29 – 35
Patna Pirates (W)
[4]
Match 4
30 July 2017
20:00
U Mumba (W)
29 – 28
Haryana Steelers
[5]
Match 5
30 July 2017
21:00
Telugu Titans
21 – 31
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
[6]
Match 6
1 August 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
26 – 20
Dabang Delhi
[7]
Match 7
1 August 2017
21:00
Telugu Titans
18 – 31
UP Yoddha (W)
[8]
Match 8
2 August 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
27 – 27
Haryana Steelers
[9]
Match 9
Match Tied
2 August 2017
21:00
Telugu Titans
24 – 30
Bengal Warriors (W)
[10]
Match 10
3 August 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans
36 – 43
Patna Pirates (W)
[11]
Match 11
Leg 2 – Mankapur Indoor Stadium, Nagpur[edit]
4 August 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
32 – 31
Tamil Thalaivas
[12]
Match 12
4 August 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
26 – 21
Dabang Delhi
tie [13]
Match 13
5 August 2017
20:00
U Mumba (W)
36 – 22
Dabang Delhi
[14]
Match 14
5 August 2017
21:00
Bengaluru Bulls
27 – 32
UP Yoddha (W)
[15]
Match 15
6 August 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
40 – 20
UP Yoddha
[16]
Match 16
6 August 2017
21:00
Bengaluru Bulls
32 – 46
Patna Pirates (W)
[17]
Match 17
8 August 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
20 – 32
Haryana Steelers (W)
[18]
Match 18
8 August 2017
21:00
Bengaluru Bulls
21 – 21
Telugu Titans
[19]
Match 19
Match Tied
9 August 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
31 – 25
Bengal Warriors
[20]
Match 20
10 August 2017
20:00
Puneri Paltan
28 – 30
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[21]
Match 21
10 August 2017
21:00
Bengaluru Bulls
24 – 29
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
[22]
Match 22
Leg 3 – The Arena, Ahmedabad[edit]
11 August 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
39 – 21
U Mumba
[23]
Match 23
12 August 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans
32 – 39
UP Yoddha (W)
[24]
Match 24
12 August 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
29 – 25
Dabang Delhi
[25]
Match 25
13 August 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates
27 – 27
UP Yoddha
[26]
Match 26
Match Tied
13 August 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
27 – 20
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[27]
Match 27
15 August 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors
17 – 34
Puneri Paltan (W)
[28]
Match 28
Inter Zone Challenge Week
15 August 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
27 – 24
Bengaluru Bulls
[29]
Match 29
Inter Zone Challenge Week
16 August 2017
20:00
Haryana Steelers
25 – 25
Tamil Thalaivas
[30]
Match 30
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Match Tied
16 August 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
29 – 19
Telugu Titans
[31]
Match 31
Inter Zone Challenge Week
17 August 2017
20:00
Dabang Delhi (W)
30 – 29
Tamil Thalaivas
[32]
Match 32
Inter Zone Challenge Week
17 August 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
26 – 26
Bengal Warriors
[33]
Match 33
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Match Tied
Leg 4 – Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium, Lucknow[edit]
18 August 2017
20:00
UP Yoddha
34 – 37
U Mumba (W)
[34]
Match 34
Inter Zone Challenge Week
18 August 2017
21:00
Bengaluru Bulls
28 – 30
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[35]
Match 35
Inter Zone Challenge Week
19 August 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans (W)
37 – 32
U Mumba
[36]
Match 36
Inter Zone Challenge Week
19 August 2017
21:00
UP Yoddha
29 – 36
Haryana Steelers (W)
[37]
Match 37
Inter Zone Challenge Week
20 August 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates
42 – 47
Puneri Paltan (W)
[38]
Match 38
Inter Zone Challenge Week
20 August 2017
21:00
UP Yoddha
22 – 24
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[39]
Match 39
Inter Zone Challenge Week
22 August 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
35 – 21
Puneri Paltan
[40]
Match 40
22 August 2017
21:00
UP Yoddha
31 – 32
Bengal Warriors (W)
[41]
Match 41
23 August 2017
20:00
Haryana Steelers (W)
27 – 25
Dabang Delhi
[42]
Match 42
23 August 2017
21:00
UP Yoddha
33 – 33
Tamil Thalaivas
[43]
Match 43
Match Tied
24 August 2017
20:00
UP Yoddha (W)
25 – 23
Telugu Titans
[44]
Match 44
Leg 5 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai[edit]
25 August 2017
20:00
U Mumba
36 – 39
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[45]
Match 45
25 August 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors
36 – 36
Patna Pirates
[46]
Match 46
Match Tied
26 August 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates (W)
35 – 24
Tamil Thalaivas
[47]
Match 47
26 August 2017
21:00
U Mumba
24 – 26
Puneri Paltan (W)
[48]
Match 48
27 August 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
32 – 26
Bengaluru Bulls
[49]
Match 49
27 August 2017
21:00
U Mumba
32 – 33
Dabang Delhi (W)
[50]
Match 50
29 August 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls
–
UP Yoddha
Match 51
Match postponed to 17 October 2017, 20:00
29 August 2017
21:00
U Mumba
–
Gujarat Fortune Giants
Match 52
Match postponed to 20 September 2017, 20:00
30 August 2017
20:00
U Mumba (W)
38 – 32
Haryana Steelers
[51]
Match 53
31 August 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans (W)
33 – 28
Tamil Thalaivas
[52]
Match 54
31 August 2017
21:00
U Mumba (W)
36 – 32
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[53]
Match 55
Leg 6 – Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Stadium, Kolkata[edit]
1 September 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
41 – 38
Patna Pirates
[54]
Match 56
2 September 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
36 – 42
Haryana Steelers (W)
[55]
Match 57
2 September 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors
26 – 26
UP Yoddha
[56]
Match 58
Match Tied
3 September 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
25 – 31
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[57]
Match 59
3 September 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
29 – 25
Tamil Thalaivas
[58]
Match 60
5 September 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates (W)
47 – 20
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[59]
Match 61
Inter Zone Challenge Week
5 September 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors
29 – 36
Haryana Steelers (W)
[60]
Match 62
Inter Zone Challenge Week
6 September 2017
20:00
Dabang Delhi (W)
38 – 30
Bengaluru Bulls
[61]
Match 63
Inter Zone Challenge Week
6 September 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors
31 – 37
U Mumba (W)
[62]
Match 64
Inter Zone Challenge Week
7 September 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans
37 – 42
Puneri Paltan (W)
[63]
Match 65
Inter Zone Challenge Week
7 September 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors
31 – 31
Dabang Delhi
[64]
Match 66
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Match Tied
Leg 7 – Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Sonepat[edit]
8 September 2017
20:00
Haryana Steelers
41 –41
Patna Pirates
[65]
Match 67
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Match Tied
8 September 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
30 – 30
UP Yoddha
[66]
Match 68
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Match Tied
9 September 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates
41 – 51
U Mumba (W)
[67]
Match 69
Inter Zone Challenge Week
9 September 2017
21:00
Haryana Steelers (W)
38 – 31
Bengaluru Bulls
[68]
Match 70
Inter Zone Challenge Week
10 September 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
24 – 20
Puneri Paltan
[69]
Match 71
Inter Zone Challenge Week
10 September 2017
21:00
Haryana Steelers
19 – 37
Telugu Titans (W)
[70]
Match 72
Inter Zone Challenge Week
12 September 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
32 – 31
Telugu Titans
[71]
Match 73
12 September 2017
21:00
Haryana Steelers (W)
27 – 24
Dabang Delhi
[72]
Match 74
13 September 2017
20:00
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
34 – 33
UP Yoddha
[73]
Match 75
13 September 2017
21:00
Haryana Steelers
22 – 38
Puneri Paltan (W)
[74]
Match 76
14 September 2017
20:00
Haryana Steelers
27 – 27
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[75]
Match 77
Match Tied
Leg 8 – Harivansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium, Ranchi[edit]
15 September 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates (W)
46 – 30
Telugu Titans
[76]
Match 78
15 September 2017
21:00
U Mumba
28 – 39
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[77]
Match 79
16 September 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls
26 – 26
Telugu Titans
[78]
Match 80
Match Tied
16 September 2017
21:00
Patna Pirates (W)
45 – 42
UP Yoddha
[79]
Match 81
17 September 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
36 – 25
Dabang Delhi
[80]
Match 82
17 September 2017
21:00
Patna Pirates
37 – 37
Bengal Warriors
[81]
Match 83
Match Tied
19 September 2017
20:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
37 – 25
Haryana Steelers
[82]
Match 84
19 September 2017
21:00
Patna Pirates (W)
36 – 32
Bengaluru Bulls
[83]
Match 85
20 September 2017
20:00
U Mumba
23 – 45
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[84]
Match 52
Match postponed from 29 August
20 September 2017
21:00
Patna Pirates (W)
41 – 39
Tamil Thalaivas
[85]
Match 86
21 September 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
26 – 30
Haryana Steelers (W)
[86]
Match 87
21 September 2017
21:00
Patna Pirates
41 – 46
UP Yoddha (W)
[87]
Match 88
Leg 9 – Thyagaraj Sports Complex, New Delhi[edit]
22 September 2017
20:00
Dabang Delhi
28 – 30
U Mumba (W)
[88]
Match 89
23 September 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls
29 – 33
Bengal Warriors (W)
[89]
Match 90
23 September 2017
21:00
Dabang Delhi
29 – 34
Puneri Paltan (W)
[90]
Match 91
24 September 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors
32 – 33
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
[91]
Match 92
24 September 2017
21:00
Dabang Delhi
24 – 42
Haryana Steelers (W)
[92]
Match 93
26 September 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants
34 – 35
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
[93]
Match 94
Inter Zone Challenge Week
26 September 2017
21:00
Dabang Delhi
34 – 36
Patna Pirates (W)
[94]
Match 95
Inter Zone Challenge Week
27 September 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans (W)
41 – 34
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[95]
Match 96
Inter Zone Challenge Week
27 September 2017
21:00
Dabang Delhi
16 – 45
UP Yoddha (W)
[96]
Match 97
Inter Zone Challenge Week
28 September 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls
30 – 42
U Mumba (W)
[97]
Match 98
Inter Zone Challenge Week
28 September 2017
21:00
Dabang Delhi
22 – 44
Telugu Titans (W)
[98]
Match 99
Inter Zone Challenge Week
Leg 10 – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai[edit]
29 September 2017
20:00
Tamil Thalaivas
20 – 33
Puneri Paltan (W)
[99]
Match 100
Inter Zone Challenge Week
29 September 2017
21:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
30 – 29
Patna Pirates
[100]
Match 101
Inter Zone Challenge Week
30 September 2017
20:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
34 – 33
UP Yoddha
[101]
Match 102
Inter Zone Challenge Week
30 September 2017
21:00
Tamil Thalaivas
26 – 27
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
[102]
Match 103
Inter Zone Challenge Week
1 October 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
31-32
Bengal Warriors (W)
[103]
Match 104
Inter Zone Challenge Week
1 October 2017
21:00
Tamil Thalaivas
30–33
U Mumba (W)
[104]
Match 105
Inter Zone Challenge Week
3 October 2017
20:00
Dabang Delhi
22 – 42
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[105]
Match 106
3 October 2017
21:00
Tamil Thalaivas
37 – 58
Telugu Titans (W)
[106]
Match 107
4 October 2017
20:00
U Mumba
30 – 41
Haryana Steelers (W)
[107]
Match 108
4 October 2017
21:00
Tamil Thalaivas
33 – 37
UP Yoddha (W)
[108]
Match 109
5 October 2017
20:00
Tamil Thalaivas
35 – 45
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
[109]
Match 110
Leg 11 – Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium, Jaipur[edit]
6 October 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
23 - 29
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[110]
Match 111
6 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan
19 - 25
Bengal Warriors (W)
[111]
Match 112
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
7 October 2017
20:00
Haryana Steelers (W)
32 – 30
Telugu Titans
[112]
Match 113
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
7 October 2017
21:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers (W)
36 – 32
U Mumba
[113]
Match 114
8 October 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
33 – 29
Patna Pirates
[114]
Match 115
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
8 October 2017
21:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
30 – 38
Puneri Paltan (W)
[115]
Match 116
10 October 2017
20:00
U Mumba
35 – 38
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
[116]
Match 117
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
10 October 2017
21:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
34 – 35
Dabang Delhi (W)
[117]
Match 118
11 October 2017
20:00
Dabang Delhi
32 – 35
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
[118]
Match 119
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
11 October 2017
21:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
27 – 37
Haryana Steelers (W)
[119]
Match 120
12 October 2017
20:00
Jaipur Pink Panthers
32 – 53
UP Yoddha (W)
[120]
Match 121
Inter Zone Wildcard Match
Leg 12 – Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, Pune[edit]
13 October 2017
20:00
Puneri Paltan
20 – 44
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[121]
Match 122
13 October 2017
21:00
Bengal Warriors (W)
34 – 30
Tamil Thalaivas
[122]
Match 123
14 October 2017
20:00
Tamil Thalaivas (W)
40 – 37
Patna Pirates
[123]
Match 124
14 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
43 – 24
U Mumba
[124]
Match 125
15 October 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
38 – 32
UP Yoddha
[125]
Match 126
15 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
34 – 31
Dabang Delhi
[126]
Match 127
17 October 2017
20:00
Bengaluru Bulls (W)
64 – 24
UP Yoddha
[127]
Match 51
Match postponed from 29 August
17 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan
27 – 31
Haryana Steelers (W)
[128]
Match 128
18 October 2017
20:00
Patna Pirates
29 – 29
Bengaluru Bulls
[129]
Match 129
18 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
38 – 15
Jaipur Pink Panthers
[130]
Match 130
20 October 2017
20:00
Telugu Titans
37 – 37
Bengal Warriors
[131]
Match 131
20 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan
22 – 23
Gujarat Fortune Giants (W)
[132]
Match 132
Playoffs[edit]
Eliminator 1 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai[edit]
23 October 2017
20:00
Puneri Paltan (W)
40 – 38
UP Yoddha
[133]
Match 133
Eliminator 2 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai[edit]
23 October 2017
21:00
Haryana Steelers
30 – 69
Patna Pirates (W)
[134]
Match 134
Pardeep Narwal scored the most raid points in a single Pro Kabaddi League match (34) and he also scored most points in a single raid (8).
Qualifier 1 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai[edit]
24 October 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortunegiants (W)
42 – 17
Bengal Warriors
[135]
Match 135
Eliminator 3 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai[edit]
24 October 2017
21:00
Puneri Paltan
32 – 42
Patna Pirates (W)
[136]
Match 136
Qualifier 2 – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai[edit]
26 October 2017
20:00
Bengal Warriors
44 - 47
Patna Pirates (W)
[137]
Match 137
Final – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai[edit]
28 October 2017
20:00
Gujarat Fortunegiants
38 – 55
Patna Pirates (W)
[138]
Match 138
Statistics[edit]
Source: prokabaddi.com
Most Points Overall[edit]
Player
Team
Matches Played
Points
Pardeep Narwal Patna Pirates 26 369
Rohit Kumar Bengaluru Bulls 22 231
Ajay Thakur Tamil Thalaivas 22 222
Most Raid Points[edit]
Player
Team
Matches Played
Points
Pardeep Narwal Patna Pirates 26 369
Rohit Kumar Bengaluru Bulls 22 219
Ajay Thakur Tamil Thalaivas 22 213
Most Tackle Points[edit]
Player
Team
Matches Played
Points
Surender Nada Haryana Steelers 21 80
Surjeet Singh Bengal Warriors 24 76
Vishal Bhardwaj Telugu Titans 22 71
Most Super 10s[edit]
Player
Team
Matches Played
Times
Pradeep Narwal Patna Pirates 26 19
Rohit Kumar Bengaluru Bulls 22 12
Ajay Thakur Tamil Thalaivas 22 12
Most High 5s[edit]
Player
Team
Matches Played
Times
Surender Nada Haryana Steelers 21 9
Surjeet Singh Bengal Warriors 24 9
Girish Maruti Ernak Puneri Paltan 21 5
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pro Kabaddi League 2017 Auction: Nitin Tomar to Team UP for Rs 93 lakh".
Jump up ^ "Official Website for the Pro Kabaddi League". ProKabaddi.com. 2014-03-09. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
Jump up ^ "Season 5, standings".
Jump up ^ "Season 5, results".
[hide]
v
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e
Pro Kabaddi
Seasons
2014
2015
2016
January
June
2017
Teams
Bengal Warriors
Bengaluru Bulls
Dabang Delhi
Gujarat Fortune Giants
Haryana Steelers
Jaipur Pink Panthers
Patna Pirates
Puneri Paltan
Tamil Thalaivas
Telugu Titans
U Mumba
UP Yoddha
Venues
Netaji Indoor Stadium
Kanteerava Indoor Stadium
Thyagaraj Sports Complex
The Arena by TransStadia
Motilal Nehru School of Sports
Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium
Patliputra Sports Complex
Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Gachibowli Indoor Stadium
Port Trust Diamond Jubilee Stadium
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium
Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season&oldid=814419339"
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values: 2017 ਪ੍ਰੋ ਕਬੱਡੀ ਲੀਗ – Punjabi

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