text:
Bent Pyramid
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Bent Pyramid
Owner
Sneferu
Location
Egypt
Coordinates
29°47′25″N 31°12′33″E / 29.79028°N 31.20917°E / 29.79028; 31.20917Coordinates: 29°47′25″N 31°12′33″E / 29.79028°N 31.20917°E / 29.79028; 31.20917
Ancient name
The Southern Shining Pyramid
Constructed
c. 2600 BC (4th dynasty)
Type
Bent Pyramid
Material
Limestone
Height
104.74 metres (344 ft) or 200 Royal Cubits
Base
189.61 metres (622 ft) or 362 Royal Cubits
Volume
1,426,767 cubic metres (50,385,801 cu ft)
Slope
43°22', top
54°27'44, bottom
Related media on Wikimedia Commons
[edit on Wikidata]
The Bent Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian pyramid located at the royal necropolis of Dahshur, approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo, built under the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu (c. 2600 BC). A unique example of early pyramid development in Egypt, this was the second pyramid built by Sneferu.
The Bent Pyramid rises from the desert at a 54-degree inclination, but the top section (above 47 meters) is built at the shallower angle of 43 degrees, lending the pyramid its very obvious 'bent' appearance.[1]
Archaeologists now believe that the Bent Pyramid represents a transitional form between step-sided and smooth-sided pyramids (see Step pyramid). It has been suggested that due to the steepness of the original angle of inclination the structure may have begun to show signs of instability during construction, forcing the builders to adopt a shallower angle to avert the structure's collapse.[2] This theory appears to be borne out by the fact that the adjacent Red Pyramid, built immediately afterwards by the same Pharaoh, was constructed at an angle of 43 degrees from its base. This fact also contradicts the theory that at the initial angle the construction would take too long because Sneferu's death was nearing, so the builders changed the angle to complete the construction in time. In 1974 Kurt Mendelssohn suggested the change of the angle to have been made as a security precaution in reaction to a catastrophic collapse of the Meidum Pyramid while it was still under construction.[3]
Isometric, plan and elevation images of the Bent Pyramid Complex taken from a 3d model
It is also unique amongst the approximately ninety pyramids to be found in Egypt, in that its original polished limestone outer casing remains largely intact. British structural engineer Peter James attributes this to larger clearances between the parts of the casing than used in later pyramids; these imperfections would work as expansion joints and prevent the successive destruction of the outer casing by thermal expansion.[4]
The ancient formal name of the Bent Pyramid is generally translated as (The)-Southern-Shining-Pyramid, or Sneferu-(is)-Shining-in-the-South.
Comparison of approximate profiles of the Bent Pyramid with some notable pyramidal or near-pyramidal buildings. Dotted lines indicate original heights, where data are available. In its SVG file, hover over a pyramid to highlight and click for its article.
Contents
[hide]
1 Interior passages
2 Pyramid temple
3 Satellite pyramid
4 Gallery
5 See also
6 Notes
7 Footnotes
8 References
9 External links
Interior passages[edit]
The Bent Pyramid has two entrances, one fairly low down on the north side, to which a substantial wooden stairway has been built for the convenience of tourists (though so far the pyramid is not open to tourists, although plans have been proposed to open it). The second entrance is high on the west face of the pyramid. Each entrance leads to a chamber with a high, corbelled roof; the northern entrance leads to a chamber that is below ground level, the western to a chamber built in the body of the pyramid itself. A hole in the roof of the northern chamber (accessed today by a high and rickety ladder 15 m (50 ft) long) leads via a rough connecting passage to the passage from the western entrance.
The western entrance passage is blocked by two stone blocks which were not lowered vertically, as in other pyramids, but slid down 45° ramps to block the passage. One of these was lowered in antiquity and a hole has been cut through it, the other remains propped up by a piece of ancient cedar wood. The connecting passage referenced above enters the passage between the two portcullises.
Pyramid temple[edit]
On the east side of the temple there are the fragmentary remains of the pyramid temple. Like the pyramid temple of the Meidum pyramid, there are two stelae behind the temple, though of these only stumps remain. There is no trace of inscription to be seen. The temple remains are fragmentary but it is presumed to be similar to that of the Meidum temple.
Satellite pyramid[edit]
An axonometric projection of the inside of the satellite pyramid
The satellite pyramid
Entrance of the satellite pyramid
A satellite pyramid, built to house the Pharaoh's Ka, is located 55 metres south of the Bent Pyramid.[5] The satellite pyramid originally measured 26 metres in height and 52.80 metres in length, with faces inclining 44°30'.[5][note 1] The structure is made of limestone blocks, relatively thick, arranged in horizontal rows and covered with a layer of fine limestone from Tura. The burial chamber is accessible from a descending corridor with its entrance located 1.10 metres above the ground in the middle of the north face.[5] The corridor, inclined at 34°, originally measured 11.60 metres in length.[5] A short horizontal passage connects the corridor with an ascending corridor, inclined at 32° 30', leading up to the chamber.[5]
The design of the corridors is similar to the one found in the Great Pyramid of Giza, where the Grand Gallery takes up the place of the ascending corridor. The corridor leads up to the burial chamber (called this despite that it most probably never contained any sarcophagus).[6] The chamber, located in the center of the pyramid, has a corbel vault ceiling and contains a four metres deep shaft, probably dug by treasure hunters, in the southeast part of the chamber.[6]
Like the main pyramid, the satellite had its own altar with two stelae located at the eastern side.[7]
Gallery[edit]
The 11 degree change in angle
Entrance to the Bent Pyramid
View of the outer door inside the pyramid
Stairways inside the pyramid
View towards the horizon
Wooden beams in the pyramid
See also[edit]
List of Egyptian pyramids
List of megalithic sites
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Nearly identical to the inclination of the Red Pyramid
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Verner, Miroslav, The Pyramids - Their Archaeology and History , Atlantic Books, 2001, ISBN
Jump up ^ History Channel, Ancient Egypt - Part 3: Greatest Pharaohs 3150 to 1351 BC , History Channel, 1996, ISBN
Jump up ^ Mendelssohn, Kurt (1974), The Riddle of the Pyramids, London: Thames & Hudson
Jump up ^ James, Peter (May 2013). "New Theory on Egypt's Collapsing Pyramids". structuremag.org. National Council of Structural Engineers Associations. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Maragioglio & Rinaldi 1963, pp. 74–78
^ Jump up to: a b A. Fakhry 1961
Jump up ^ Maragioglio & Rinaldi 1963, p. 80
References[edit]
Fakhry, Ahmed (1961). The Monuments of Sneferu at Dahshur. General Organization for Government.
Maragioglio, Vito & Rinaldi, Celeste (1963). L'Architettura delle Piramidi Menfite, parte III. Artale.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bent Pyramid.
Inside the Bent Pyramid
Records
Preceded by
Meidum World's tallest structure
c. 2600 BCE – 2590 BCE
101 m Succeeded by
Red Pyramid
[show]
v
t
e
Egyptian pyramids
List of Egyptian pyramids (Lepsius)
Commons
Period
Dynasty
Pyramids
Old Kingdom
(2686–2181 BC)
III
Djoser
Buried
Layer
Lepsius I (de)
Athribis
Elephantine
Edfu South
el-Kula (de)
Naqada
Saujet el-Meitin (de)
Sinki (de)
IV
Seila (de)
Meidum
Bent
Red
Khufu
Djedefre
Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan
Khafre
Menkaure
Khentkaus I (de)
Mastabet el-Fara'un
G1-a
G1-b
G1-c
G1-d
Lepsius L (de)
V
Userkaf
Neferhetepes (de)
Sahure
Neferirkare
Khentkaus II
Neferefre
Unfinished
Niuserre (de)
Lepsius XXIV
Double
Headless
Djedkare-Isesi
Unas
VI
Teti
Pepi I
Merenre
Pepi II
Sesheshet
1st Intermediate Period
(2181–2040 BC)
VII | VIII
Ity
Neferkare Neby
Ibi
Khui
X
Merikare
Middle Kingdom
(2040–1650 BC)
XI
Reherishefnakht
XII
Amenemhat I
Senusret I
White
Senusret II (de)
Senusret III
Black
Hawara
Neferuptah (de)
Central Dahshur (de)
South Mazghuna
North Mazghuna
XIII
Ameny Qemau
Khendjer
Southern South Saqqara
SAK S 3
SAK S 7 (de)
South Dahshur A (de)
South Dahshur B (de)
DAS 46
DAS 49
DAS 50
DAS 51
DAS 53 (de)
S 9
S 10
Merneferre Ay
Second Intermediate
(1650–1570 BC)
XVII
Sobekemsaf I
Sobekemsaf II
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
Nubkheperre Intef
Senakhtenre Ahmose
Seqenenre Tao
Kamose

New Kingdom
(1570–1070 BC)
XVIII
Ahmose

Step pyramid
Construction techniques
Seked
Texts
Pyramidion
Pyramidology
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Categories:
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text:
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 10)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 10)
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
20
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
June 4 (2012-06-04) – September 10, 2012 (2012-09-10)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 9
Next →
Season 11
List of Hell's Kitchen episodes
Season 10 of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen premiered on June 4, 2012 on Fox and concluded on September 10, 2012. Chef de Cuisine Christina Wilson won the season and received a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Steak at the Paris Las Vegas in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada.
Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef, Scott Leibfried and Andi van Willigan returned as sous chefs and James Lukanik returned as the maître d'.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production and development
2 Opening sequence
3 Contestants
4 Contestant progress
5 Episodes
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Production and development[edit]
This season saw an alteration to the show's format, with many episodes now being two-parters, depicting the team challenge and reward/punishment one night, followed by service and elimination the following night. This season is also the first (and currently only) season in Hell's Kitchen history in which all chefs were eliminated normally. In other words, no chef was eliminated either despite being on the winning team, without being nominated (with the exception of Dana and Barbie during the final selection), during dinner service, had to withdraw for medical reasons, or walked out on their own terms. This is also the first & only season where one challenge produced no winner and both teams faced punishment.
Opening sequence[edit]
The opening sequence of Season 10 began with the iconic "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas" sign which morphed into "Welcome to Fabulous Hell's Kitchen". This is followed by a magic show-style opening featuring the chefs doing various stunts and tricks with Ramsay magically appearing at the end.
Contestants[edit]
18 chefs competed in season 10. Full names per official site.[1]
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Hometown
Robyn Almodovar 31 Executive Sous Chef Hollywood, Florida
Justin Antiorio 29 Sous Chef Lyndhurst, New Jersey
Chris Carrero 33 Executive Chef Queens, New York
Clemenza Caserta 41 Executive Chef Long Island, New York
Patrick Cassata 40 Executive Chef Lombard, Illinois
Dana Cohen[2] 27 Chef Instructor River Vale, New Jersey
Kimmie Davenport[3] 27 Personal Chef Memphis, Tennessee
Roshni Gurnani 28 Executive Chef Boston, Massachusetts
Tavon Hubbard 22 Executive Chef Washington, D.C.
Tiffany Johnson 30 Sous Chef Warren, Vermont
Barbie Marshall[4] 34 Catering Chef Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Brian Merel 31 Personal Chef Chicago, Illinois
Danielle Rimmer 27 Saucier Bayonne, New Jersey
Donald "Don" Savage 44 Cafeteria Chef Houston, Texas
Briana Swanson 32 Personal Chef New York, New York
Guy Vaknin 28 Executive Catering Chef New York, New York
Royce Wagner 29 Sous Chef Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Christina Wilson[4] 32 Chef de Cuisine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Contestant progress[edit]
Original teams
First switch
Second switch
Individual
Finals
No.
Chef
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005/1006
1006/1007
1008
1009/1010
1011
1012/1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019/1020
1 Christina WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE WIN WIN LOSE WIN LOSE LOSE WIN IN IN IN WINNER
2 Justin LOSE LOSE WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE NOM[n 1] IN IN IN RUNNER-UP
3 Dana WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE WIN WIN LOSE WIN LOSE LOSE WIN IN IN OUT
4 Barbie WIN NOM NOM LOSE NOM WIN WIN LOSE WIN NOM LOSE WIN IN NOM[n 1] OUT
5 Clemenza LOSE LOSE WIN LOSE LOSE NOM NOM[n 2] LOSE NOM NOM LOSE NOM[n 1] NOM OUT[n 1]
6 Robyn WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE WIN WIN NOM LOSE NOM NOM NOM OUT
7 Brian LOSE LOSE WIN NOM LOSE LOSE NOM[n 2] LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE OUT[n 1]
8 Kimmie WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE WIN WIN LOSE WIN LOSE OUT
9 Tiffany WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE WIN WIN NOM WIN OUT
10 Royce NOM[n 1] NOM WIN LOSE LOSE LOSE LOSE NOM OUT
11 Patrick LOSE LOSE WIN LOSE NOM LOSE NOM[n 1] OUT
12 Roshni WIN NOM NOM[n 1] NOM LOSE LOSE OUT[n 1]
13 Guy LOSE LOSE WIN LOSE NOM OUT
14 Danielle WIN LOSE LOSE NOM OUT
15 Don NOM[n 2] LOSE WIN OUT
16 Briana WIN LOSE OUT
17 Chris LOSE OUT
18 Tavon OUT
Keywords
WIN = Won the dinner service
LOSE = Lost the dinner service
BoB = Best of the Best, usually exempt from nomination
BoW = Best of the Worst, sometimes exempt from nomination
IN = not nominated for elimination
NOM = nominated for elimination
OUT = eliminated
LEFT = withdrew from competition
Color key
Chef was eliminated after nomination
Chef was eliminated without nomination
Chef was eliminated during service
Chef withdrew from the competition
Chef was retained after nomination
The winner of Hell's Kitchen
The runner-up of Hell's Kitchen
Notes
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Chef was nominated by Ramsay
^ Jump up to: a b c Although nominated, chef was not called down by Ramsay

Episodes[edit]
Each episode consists of a challenge with a reward, a service and an elimination.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
125
1 "18 Chefs Compete" June 4, 2012 (2012-06-04) 5.46[5]
In this episode, 20 initial chefs were transported to Hell's Kitchen in a police-escorted motorcade, where sous chef Scott greeted them and explained he shaved his head to prove his dedication to Chef Ramsay, as did sous chef Andi. He called for volunteers to shave their heads; two of the "chefs" then turned out to be Scott's friends instead and got their heads shaved. Scott then called out actual contestant Danielle and was about to shave her head before Ramsay stopped him. It was later revealed that Andi was wearing a bald cap.
Team challenge: Each chef created their signature dish; men (blue team) competed against women (red team). Robyn's sea bass scored over Don's southwestern saltimbocca, neither Tiffany's Lamb Schnitzel nor Guy's pan-seared bass scored a point (Guy even told Ramsay not to try his dish as he burned his sauce), Roshni's lamb and Royce's grouper both scored points, Justin's dish scored over Danielle's, neither Kimmie's Fisherman's Trio nor Brian's dessert scored a point, neither Barbie's nor Chris' dish scored a point, Briana's and Patrick's dish both scored a point and Dana's pan-seared scallops scored over Tavon's shrimp scallops and crab. Lastly, Christina's pork chop scored over Clemenza's veal chop, giving the women a 5-3 win.
Reward/punishment: The women were treated to a steak meal with two Hell's Kitchen winners Rahman "Rock" Harper from Season 3 and Dave Levey from Season 6 while the men were forced to clean both kitchens.
Service: Leigh Bodden was a guest for opening night. In the red kitchen, Roshni was kicked out after struggling on scallops, and although Barbie led the women to getting appetizers out, Christina's Wellingtons came out raw. In the blue kitchen, Tavon served raw pigeon, prepared Justin's scallops very poorly and laughed after being scolded by Ramsay, getting him kicked out, while Royce had trouble finding anchovies for salads and was also kicked out for serving undercooked spaghetti. Don did little, annoying his teammates, and the team was kicked out after Chris served an onion tart with raw pastry. After Christina still struggled on Wellingtons, Ramsay shut the red kitchen down. Though no entrées were served, the red team was named winners for at least serving appetizers; the blue team was told to nominate two for elimination.
Elimination: Tavon and Don were nominated. However, Ramsay overruled Don's nomination and nominated Royce. In the end, Tavon was eliminated for failing to live up to his executive chef position as well as being the worst performer of the night.
Ramsay's comment: "Tavon may have been an executive chef at 22, but he did little to impress me in his short stay in Hell's Kitchen."
126
2 "17 Chefs Compete" June 5, 2012 (2012-06-05) 4.87
A rap group wakens the chefs inside the dorms.
Team challenge: The chefs removed 125 scallops from a large mound of ice and seaweed before cooking them to Ramsay's standards; the first team to make six plates of five scallops would win. The women won mainly thanks to Barbie and Tiffany, preparing six plates to the men's two.
Reward/punishment: The red team went on a yacht cruise for a day on Santa Catalina Island, and went ziplining, (where Roshni completely stalled on the line). The blue team cleaned and prepped the kitchens and dining room for service, as well as drink smoothies made from rejected scallops.
Service: The service was deemed "Redemption Night", with Ramsay specifically wanting flawless scallops from both kitchens. Brian and Christina served shrimp scampi appetizer tableside. In the blue kitchen, Don served a burnt and also raw pizza, Brian served raw and also overcooked shrimp, Chris needed his teammates' help with scallops and served raw opah and Royce struggled on garnish. On the red team, Robyn and Barbie did not work together well and served undercooked food. Barbie continually argued with her teammates and struggled on fish before Ramsay kicked the women out. After discovering an overcooked steak in the blue kitchen, Ramsay kicked the men out as well; Ramsay named both teams losers.
Elimination: Barbie, Roshni, Chris and Royce were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Chris for his awful performance on fish and for admitting he was "frazzled" during service.
Ramsay's comment: "I'm sure that Chris prays that he never sees another scallop. And after tonight, I pray I don't see any more of him."
127
3 "16 Chefs Compete" June 11, 2012 (2012-06-11) 6.25[6]
Team challenge: Both teams had to cook a meal for sixty immigrants who had just becomeU.S. citizens. Barbie attempted to cook pizzas too early, while Clemenza undercooked his. The women won their third challenge win in a row.[note 1]
Reward/punishment: The women were rewarded with a safari trip in San Diego. The blue team were sent to do hard labor at the Ballona Wetlands. Prior to service, Ramsay had season 1 runner-up Ralph Pagano, Royce's boss, give Royce a pep talk.
Service: A group of Marines were guests for this service. Don and Tiffany were assigned as servers, but Don's poor writing and bad spelling slowed the blue team down. Royce had a near-perfect performance on appetizers, but Clemenza struggled on meat, running out of Beef Wellingtons, though he recovered on steaks. Dana put too much sauce on spaghetti, while Briana and Barbie undercooked scallops. With Christina's help, the red team served appetizers, but on entrees, Briana served cod missing half a portion. Kimmie started well, but undercooked Wellingtons, while Roshni forgot an order of dumplings and then served them undercooked. After Briana overcooked cod, Ramsay threw the red team out. The men were named clear winners and Ramsay praised Royce. Ramsay berated the women, but did praise Christina.
Elimination: Briana and Barbie were nominated. Ramsay also nominated Roshni but eliminated Briana for her lack of fightback.
Ramsay's comment: "Tonight, Briana had a battle with the cod, and the cod won. And that's why her time in Hell's Kitchen was a short one."
128
4 "15 Chefs Compete" June 12, 2012 (2012-06-12) 5.32[7]
Ramsay woke the chefs early and took them to a lamb pen at a local farm.
Team challenge: Each chef retrieved as many ingredients off animals as possible, with the collars and paint indicators of each ingredient. They then split into pairs to create 4 different lamb dishes; as the blue team had one less member, Patrick worked on his own. Tiffany/Danielle and Clemenza/Don both earned a point on lamb chop, Roshni and Kimmie's ground lamb earned a point over Patrick's and Justin and Guy's lamb chop earned a point over Barbie and Robyn's. Lastly, Royce and Brian's lamb steak earned a point over Christina's and Dana's, giving the men their first challenge win.
Reward/punishment: The blue celebrate their first challenge win were with a day at the horse races. The red team had to wash paint off the sheep in addition to cleaning and prepping both kitchens. Their day gets worse when they ate lamb testicles for lunch.
Service: In the red kitchen, Danielle undercooked appetizers and was thrown out, while Roshni struggled on Beef Wellingtons and was also thrown out. For the men, Brian ran out of cod before being thrown out for calling Ramsay "baby". Ramsay then threw Don out for overcooking steak, followed by Robyn and Danielle for communication issues and Justin and Royce for both cooking bass for the same table. Service was completed, but both teams were named losers.
Elimination: Don, Brian, Roshni and Danielle were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Don for his lack of improvement over four services.
Team change: Ramsay then transferred Roshni to the blue team.
Ramsay's comment: "Everyone in Hell's Kitchen starts at the bottom. Unfortunately, Don stayed there."
129
5 "14 Chefs Compete" June 18, 2012 (2012-06-18) 5.65[8]
Team challenge: Sous chef Scott brought a large donkey piñata to the teams and Ramsay explained that the piñata would pour out balls with ingredients labelled on them. Each chef had 25 ingredients to work on 6 different Mexican dishes, before each team selected five to be judged by Ramsay and two guest judges. The red team won 3-2, with Dana’s dish being noted as the best.
Reward/punishment: The red team went to one of the guest judge's gourmet restaurant for lunch and later an outdoor salsa dancing class. The blue team had to prep both kitchens, make handmade salsa for service and eat tripe for lunch.
Service: The service was Mexican night. The blue team started badly with Guy delivering undercooked tuna, but he recovered. On the red team, Barbie served incorrectly seasoned mussels and Kimmie baffled Ramsay by putting meat and fish on the same tray. Several chefs were kicked out; Guy and Patrick for communication issues, Danielle for serving raw pork twice, Justin and Clemenza after Justin served meat despite Clemenza's warning, Barbie for using a thermometer in chicken, Tiffany for serving burnt mashed potatoes and Royce for serving burnt chicken. The remaining chefs finished service, but Ramsay again named no winner.
Elimination: Patrick, Guy, Barbie and Danielle were nominated. Ramsay sent Barbie back in line, but the episode then ended in a cliffhanger.
130
6 "13 Chefs Compete, Part 1" June 19, 2012 (2012-06-19) 5.34[9]
Continued from the previous episode, Ramsay eliminated Danielle for her second consecutive awful service. Ramsay did not give a comment on Danielle's elimination and she did not receive a coat hook and burning picture scene.
Team challenge: Both teams prepared an appetizer and two entrées (seafood and poultry) for three fashion designer judges; David Meister, Amanda Che and Ina Soltani. Christina and Dana's appetizer scored over Brian and Justin's, but Roshni and Patrick's poultry dish scored over Barbie and Tiffany's. Clemenza, Royce and Guy's seafood dish then beat out Kimmie and Robyn's, giving the blue team the win.
Reward/punishment: The blue team was treated to a shopping spree in Malibu. The red team had to assemble the runway for Hell's Kitchen's first-ever fashion show.
Pre-service: Ramsay chose Kimmie and Royce to assist with plating dishes. Clemenza started cooking scallops before the show started and, upon questioning, Ramsay found out he cooked four servings as the episode ends with "To Be Continued" cliffhanger.
131
7 "13 Chefs Compete, Part 2" June 25, 2012 (2012-06-25) 5.66[10]
Pre-service - continued: Despite Clemenza's mistake, Ramsay ordered Hell's Kitchen to be opened.
Service : The red team beat out the blue team on appetizers as Clemenza got overwhelmed with the number of scallop orders, but redeemed himself on entrées. Guy got distracted and was scolded, while Robyn ran out of beef, was scolded for asking Christina to get some from the blue kitchen and was eventually forced to apologize to the customers and offer them a different entree. Tiffany undercooked swordfish and then tried to blame it on Christina, while Guy undercooked beef and Royce struggled plating food. Both teams completed service, but Ramsay discovered a leftover tray of swordfish, resulting in an argument between Clemenza and Royce over who was responsible. The red team was named winners, with Kimmie being named best of the night.
Elimination: Clemenza and Guy were nominated. While the blue team all blamed Clemenza, Ramsay eliminated Guy for his lack of fight-back, but praised him for his hard work.
Ramsay's comment: "Guy's performance in Hell's Kitchen was extremely inconsistent. That is why I know he is not THE guy to run Gordon Ramsay Steak."
132
8 "12 Chefs Compete" June 26, 2012 (2012-06-26) 5.51[11]
Team challenge: In front of each team were 4 domes and each dome contained 6 ingredients. Every 5 minutes, one dome became available for use. Each team member was told to take one ingredient from each dome that matches their protein and were judged by three Michelin-starred chefs, Michael Cimarusti, Anita Lo and Douglas Keane. The red team won 30-29 after Christina's lobster dish received 3 stars from Anita. Her dish was placed on the menu for dinner service.
Reward/punishment: The red team spent a day at a spa and a set of Demeyere cookware each. The blue team prepped both kitchens for service and cleanned the dorms.
Service: Tito Ortiz and Sugar Ray Leonard were seated at the chef's tables, with Robyn and Justin supervising them. The red team had little trouble except for Christina undercooking risotto and Tiffany having trouble on meat, including using a dirty knife to check a Wellington, but the team rebounded. In the blue kitchen, Clemenza served hard pasta, Brian served soupy risotto, although both rebounded however Roshni served raw and overcooked meat and Ramsay kicked the blue team out after Patrick served cold lobster twice. Ramsay had the red team complete their service.
Elimination: Brian and Clemenza were nominated. Ramsay, angry, overruled and nominated Roshni and Patrick. Ramsay eliminated Roshni for her irregular performances, but praised her for her big heart.
Ramsay's comment: "Roshni is a small lady with a big heart. Unfortunately, her performance tonight matched her stature."
133
9 "11 Chefs Compete Part 1" July 2, 2012 (2012-07-02) 5.83[12]
Team challenge: A slot machine was spun and determined what type of ingredients and steak one member of each team had to cook in 30 minutes. Since Kimmie did not spin due to the women having an extra member, she got to choose which batch of ingredients she would cook with; she chose Robyn's, but Robyn's ribeye steak was chosen over Kimmie's. Justin's filet mignon scored over Tiffany's, Christina's hangar steak scored over Royce's, neither Dana's or Patrick's flat iron steak scored a point and both Barbie's and Brian's New York strips scored a point. Clemenza's ribeye steak then scored over Robyn's, giving the men a 3-2 win. Ramsay told the women they should have chosen Kimmie's steak, which he preferred.
Reward/punishment: The blue were rewarded with a shopping spree for kitchenware and utensils, followed by lunch at Comme Ça. The red team prepped the beef for service.
Kimmie's injury: Dinner service's is a combination of steakhouse and family night. Shortly before service, Kimmie burned her left hand and arm picking up a pan with hot grease; while she was medically treated, she argued with Robyn. The episode then ended in another "To be continued" cliffhanger.
134
10 "11 Chefs Compete Part 2" July 3, 2012 (2012-07-03) 5.07[13]
Kimmie's injury - continued: Despite being advised by the medic not to take part in service, Kimmie decided to, which led to her team (bar Robyn) praising her dedication.
Service: Tiffany burned pizzas for the kids and served inconsistent blinis for smoked salmon, but Barbie took over and served perfect appetizers, earning praise from Ramsay. Kimmie and Robyn continued to argue and failed to get entrées out due to disagreeing over times. On the blue team, Patrick and Royce were thrown out for serving raw meat and Brian was scolded for acting goofy. Ramsay called Clemenza, Brian and Justin to assist the red team, but the fighting among the women continued and Ramsay threw them out after Robyn served raw steak. Although the men finished both teams' services, Ramsay named both teams losers.
Elimination: Patrick, Royce, Tiffany and Robyn were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Patrick for failing to live up to his Executive Chef position and inconsistent performances.
Team change: Ramsay then accepted Robyn's request to be transferred to the men's team, though he warned her to stop blaming others for her mistakes.
Ramsay's comment: "Patrick talked a good game, but he couldn't back it up with his cooking so it was time for him to leave Hell's Kitchen."
135
11 "10 Chefs Compete" July 9, 2012 (2012-07-09) 6.01[14]
Team challenge: Each team member rolled a 12-sided dice, with each face having a letter, and had to think of a food item beginning with that letter, after which each team had to produce one dish using all the ingredients named.[note 2] The blue team narrowly won after the red team's brussel sprouts were undercooked.
Reward/punishment: The blue team head to Southwest Airlines for a flight to Las Vegas, where they spent an entire evening at the Paris Las Vegas. The red team spent all night barbecuing a pig to make pulled pork, with an alarm sounding every hour.
Service: Chef's tables were featured in this service. The blue team cooked for two American Idol contestants which include Season 9 winner Lee DeWyze and Season 10 finalist Haley Reinhart while the red team cooked for David Beckham and his son Brooklyn. Tiffany mistook cod for sea bass twice, but Barbie had an excellent performance on meat. The blue team struggled with Royce on meat, Clemenza on fish and Brian on flatbread, so Ramsay took all the male blue team members aside for a time out. After the red team finished service, Ramsay had them help the blue team. The red team were named winners and Barbie was named best of the night. Ramsay criticized the blue team, but did praise Robyn.
Elimination: Royce and Clemenza were nominated. Ramsay had them both remove their jackets and eliminated Royce for failing to live up to his abilities to his mentor before giving Clemenza a clean jacket.
Ramsay's comment: "Royce came in promising a Rolls-Royce service. But instead, his service was like a broken-down car. Time to send Royce to the junkyard."
136
12 "9 Chefs Compete Part 1" July 16, 2012 (2012-07-16) 6.33[15]
Two chefs from each team competed against competitive eater Joey Chestnut in a chicken wing contest; Brian/Justin and Barbie/Tiffany had 60 wings to eat between them, while Chestnut had 60 to himself. The first to finish won $500 in cash; Chestnut won.
Team challenge: The annual "blind taste test" then took place; since the red team had an extra member, Kimmie sat out. Brian identified three ingredients compared to Christina's two, Barbie scored one while Robyn failed to get any and Tiffany scored one while Clemenza also failed to get any. Lastly, Dana scored two, but Justin became the first chef in Hell's Kitchen history to get a perfect score of four, giving the blue team a 7-6 win.
Reward/punishment: The blue team spent a day at the Raging Waters water park in San Dimas. The red team spent the day taking in deliveries, grinding peppercorns with a mortar and pestle, changing the oil in the fryers and peeling potatoes. Durning the punishisment, Kimmie got into a fight with Barbie about how little work she was doing and Barbie insulted Kimmie's Weight.
Pre-service: The teams received an iPad video message from Ramsay, instructing them to create their own menu, consisting of three appetizers, three entrées and three desserts. Barbie prepped at a slow pace, annoying her teammates, the first batch of Kimmie's barbecue sauce tasted awful, forcing Christina to help her, and Dana helped Tiffany with potatoes since they were crunchy, while Clemenza stepped out of prep to clean his jacket. Ramsay had issues with the red team's appetizers, but had positive comments about their entrées. By contrast, Ramsay did not like any of the blue team's dishes, eventually finding several bones in Clemenza's quail dish, leading him to threaten Clemenza with elimination before service. The episode then ended with another "To be continued" cliffhanger.
137
13 "9 Chefs Compete Part 2" July 17, 2012 (2012-07-17) 6.02[16]
Pre-service - continued: Ramsay warned the blue team to step up their game.
Service: The customers submitted comment cards based on which team's dishes they preferred. The blue team ran out of scallops, leading to Robyn suggesting an alternate to the diners, Brian struggled to cook bass, Robyn faced problems with Justin's complicated dish, Justin overcooked prime steak and Clemenza lied to Ramsay after forgetting a sea bass. After numerous dishes were rejected for being overcooked and undercooked, Ramsay kicked the blue team out, despite only having one ticket left. For the red team, Christina got overwhelmed on flatbreads, Kimmie overcooked ribeye steak, Dana served raw lobster and Tiffany cooked garnish in a dirty pan. Tiffany got stalled on potatoes, and when she argued with sous chef Andi, Andi kicked her out. Despite the red team finishing service, Ramsay tore up the customers' comment cards and named both teams losers, describing tonight's service as their worst so far, and is disappointed that everyone made mistakes on a menu they all created.
Elimination: Robyn, Clemenza, Tiffany and Barbie were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Tiffany for her lack of passion and leadership.
Ramsay's comment: "The most passionate I ever saw Tiffany was moments ago when she was already on her way out. That was just too late."
138
14 "8 Chefs Compete" July 23, 2012 (2012-07-23) 6.46[18]
Team challenge: A southern gospel choir, the Southern Voices of Victory, serenaded the chefs with their rendition of This Little Light of Mine before the challenge. The teams split into pairs and one from each team cooked a modernized version of a Southern entrée and side item, each revealed on a fan held by a choir member that the chefs chose. They then had 30 minutes to cook the items and were judged by Ramsay and Epicurious editor Tanya Steel. The red team won 3-1, with Dana's dish being judged best, leading for her dish to be featured on Epicurious.[17]
Reward/punishment: The red team were featured in a photo shoot for Epicurious followed by a trip for lunch at The Four Seasons in Beverly Hills. The blue team prepped for service, which involved baking biscuits and churning butter from scratch.
Dinner service: Service featured a special menu of Southern cuisine. There were only minor faults on appetizers in both kitchens, but on entrées, Kimmie undercooked and overcooked catfish, Barbie under-seasoned garnish, Robyn undercooked chicken and Brian overcooked fish. When Brian gave Ramsay a snide answer, Ramsay kicked him out. After prompting by maître d' James, Brian returned and fought back, but the numerous mistakes continued and Ramsay threw both teams out, leaving him and the sous chefs to complete service. Furious, Ramsay ordered both teams to nominate one chef for elimination.
Elimination: Kimmie and Robyn were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Kimmie for not living up to her expertise on southern cooking, but praised her for her passion and drive.
Ramsay's comment: "As a woman from Memphis, tonight's Southern cuisine menu should've been an easy walk in the park for Kimmie. But it turned out to be a difficult uphill battle, and that is why it was her time to go."
139
15 "7 Chefs Compete" July 24, 2012 (2012-07-24) 6.23[19]
Team challenge: The chefs had to prepare three dishes from the regular Hell's Kitchen menu in a tag-team race. Ramsay then judged the dishes on completeness, taste and appearance. However, all the dishes from both teams were rejected by Ramsay, making both teams losers and marking the first time in the history of Hell's Kitchen that neither team won a challenge.
Punishment: The reward would have been a day at the beach in Santa Monica with lunch and a helicopter tour. Instead, both teams were forced to detail the SUVs, clean the restaurant and prepare for that night's service.
Service: The red team did very well in service, their only problems being Christina cooking too much risotto and Dana needlessly cooking each piece of fish in a separate pan, but they finished well before the blue team, who failed to get entrées out, causing some of their tables to walk out. Clemenza had trouble putting out multiple appetizers at the same time and Robyn put all her garnishes in the oven and then tried to blame her team. Justin served old sea bass and Brian failed to serve meat at the right temperature, losing control soon after. Ramsay kicked Brian off and had Barbie take over. The red team were named clear winners and Christina, Dana and Barbie were given black jackets.[note 3]
Elimination: The blue team nominated Robyn, but could not choose between Brian and Clemenza, so Ramsay also nominated Brian, Clemenza and Justin. Clemenza and Justin were given black jackets before Robyn was given the final black jacket and Brian was eliminated for giving up easily in service and not having a more serious attitude.
Ramsay's comment: "Brian had a lot of energy and was a funny guy. But after tonight's performance, I wasn't laughing. And that's why he has to leave Hell's Kitchen."
140
16 "6 Chefs Compete" August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13) 6.58[20]
Team challenge: The chefs were split into pairs (Barbie/Justin, Christina/Robyn and Clemenza/Dana) and had to taste Chef Lefebvre's and Chef Hatfield's dishes. This led to the actual "taste it, make it" challenge, in which the chefs had to distinguish the ingredients in Ramsay's dish and reproduce it in 30 minutes. Clemenza and Dana won.
Reward/punishment: Clemenza and Dana went to Silverwood Lake for a day of jet skiing and enjoying a gourmet picnic. The others cleaned the dining room, and polish glasses and silverware.
Service: The chefs competed against another team, composed of runners-up from previous seasons of Hell's Kitchen: Russell Kook II (season 8), Jay Santos (season 7), Kevin Cottle (season 6), Paula DaSilva (season 5), Bonnie Muirhead (season 3) and Virginia Dalbeck (season 2). The runner-up team had a virtually flawless service from start to finish, with Ramsay commenting how fast food was leaving the kitchen. Their only real mistake was Jay getting overwhelmed on fish, though even then, Kevin helped him get service back on track. For the black team, Robyn underdressed the caesar salads, and she and Clemenza cooked appetizers not on order. Dana failed to ask for help and control the fish station, Robyn was kicked out for talking back to Ramsay and Clemenza overcooked scallops. Ramsay told the black team their service was "not bad", but the returning chefs were deemed to have been far better, meaning one member of the black team would be eliminated.
Elimination: Robyn and Clemenza were nominated. Ramsay eliminated Robyn for her inconsistency and lack of teamwork, but praised her for her passion.
Ramsay's comment: "Making it to the black jackets was a dream come true for Robyn. But cooking against the runners-up was a reality check for her and for me."
141
17 "5 Chefs Compete" August 20, 2012 (2012-08-20) 6.23[21]
Challenge: The chefs had to teach five Miss Teen USA winners, Kamie Crawford, Stevi Perry, Hilary Cruz, Katie Blair and Allie LaForce, how to cook a chicken parmesan dish; Barbie won.
Reward/punishment: Barbie was treated to a gourmet Italian lunch and kayaking in the Venice canals. In addition, she chose Justin to go with her. The others prepped for Italian service.
Dinner service: Before service, Sous Chef Scott caught Clemenza overtenderizing chicken. Barbie incorrectly cooked risotto numerous times, to a point where Ramsay threatened to throw her out if she messed up again, Dana burnt filets and Clemenza, despite producing perfect flatbreads, had a dirty workspace. Christina burned and under-seasoned sides, but recovered. Ramsay expressed disappointment with the performance and had the team nominate one for elimination.
Elimination: The team could not choose between Barbie and Clemenza, so Ramsay nominated both of them.[note 4] Ramsay eliminated Clemenza for his inconsistency and lack of organization, but commended him on his effort; Ramsay provided no comment on Clemenza's elimination and he did not receive a coat hook and burning picture scene. The final four found a champagne bottle from Ramsay, which included a congratulations note and a promised surprise the following night.
142
18 "4 Chefs Compete" August 27, 2012 (2012-08-27) 6.87[22]
The chefs were treated to a visit from their loved-ones.
Challenge: The chefs were taken to a Bristol Farms supermarket, where they had 10 minutes to spend up to $15 on ingredients before having 30 minutes to cook their dish. Three judges, two restaurateurs and a critic for Bon Appétit magazine, priced the dishes, with the chef with the highest average price winning. Dana won with her panko-coated halibut, narrowly beating out Christina, while Barbie finished third and Justin last.
Reward/punishment: Dana visited the Manhattan Beach Post restaurant, where the chef helped her cook a dish and serve it to her parents. The others sort recyclable material from the garbage and prepped the kitchen for service.
Service: Paris Las Vegas president David Hoenemeyer was a guest for this service. The chefs took turns running the pass while having to spot acts of sabotage Ramsay and sous chefs Scott and Andi set up. Justin had a very strong start, spotting crab instead of lobster in a spaghetti, and only had trouble with Dana's poor attitude on fish. Dana was strong in leadership, but failed to notice that a risotto was seasoned with sugar instead of salt. Barbie kept addressing her orders to the diners instead of the chefs, but managed to catch mashed celeriac instead of mashed potatoes. Christina had a rough start when Dana kept getting her times wrong, but became more vocal and decisive, catching arugula instead of spinach.
Elimination: Ramsay announced that two chefs would advance to the final. After each chef gave a reason to stay, Ramsay eliminated Barbie, but praised her for her improvement, passion and hard work. The episode then ended in a "To Be Continued" cliffhanger as Ramsay prepared to name the two chefs advancing to the final.
143
19 "2 Chefs Compete" September 4, 2012 (2012-09-04) 6.17[23]
Elimination - continued: Ramsay chose Christina and Justin to advance to the final, eliminating Dana, but Ramsay allowed Dana to keep her jacket.
Christina and Justin prepared a menu of four appetizers, four entrées and three desserts before Ramsay sent them on a private jet to Las Vegas, where they meet sous chefs Scott and Andi poolside at the Paris Las Vegas. They spent a day at a pool and had dinner with their loved ones. Later, they saw Penn & Teller perform, which featured Ramsay as part of a magic trick.
Challenge: Christina and Justin then had each one hour to cook five entrées, judged by five well-renowned chefs, including Wolfgang Puck. Christina won 3–2.
Reward: Christina was granted first pick in drafting a team using the eight chefs eliminated from the competition prior to the final.[note 5] Christina picked Dana, Patrick, Kimmie and Robyn, while Justin chose Barbie, Brian and Royce, and was left with Clemenza.
Christina and Justin then briefed their team on their menus, but Clemenza, upset over being picked last, began to walk out. The episode then ended in a "To Be Continued" cliffhanger.
144
20 "Winner Chosen" September 10, 2012 (2012-09-10) 6.27[24]
Continued from the last episode, while Clemenza was less than enthused, he decided to take part. Christina and Justin held one final briefing the following morning, but Clemenza did not show up, causing Justin to encourage him. Ramsay gave each of the menu items a taste test, identifying dishes in need of tweaking, before starting Hell's Kitchen's 140th service.
Service: Both teams encountered problems. Clemenza burned the bruschetta, Royce served raw crab cakes and undercooked meat, and Barbie overcooked ribeye steak. After conferring, Justin served filet mignon as a substitute. On Christina's team, despite Christina distrusting Robyn, she put in a solid performance, while Dana struggled on fish. Near the end of service, an undercooked pork from Dana went to the pass for the red team, leading Ramsay to ask Christina to either serve it or restart the table. She decided to restart, a decision he approved of. Both teams completed service. Before he sends the finalists to the dorms, Ramsay named Tavon the winner of Hell's Kitchen as a joke.
Winner: After deliberating, Ramsay called Christina and Justin to his office and sent them to two doors; Christina's door opened, making her the tenth winner of Hell's Kitchen. Christina hung her portrait on the Wall of Fame and Justin took his defeat graciously.
Ramsay's comment: "Christina's passion and talent are undeniable. She's a strong leader who is totally at home in the kitchen. I know I'm not rolling the dice with her in Vegas because she is the real deal."
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The men's loss meant they set a record for the worst start in Hell's Kitchen history, with five lost challenges/services out of five.
Jump up ^ Clemenza chose heirloom tomato, Justin chose daikon, Robyn chose dragonfruit, Brian chose edamame and Royce chose chicken. For the red team, Tiffany chose chicory, Barbie chose lamb, Kimmie chose turnips, Dana chose brussels sprouts and Christina chose truffles.
Jump up ^ The blue team set the worst competitive record of any blue team in the history of Hell's Kitchen dinner services. They were victorious only once in twelve services, losing five outright to the red team as well as suffering six joint losses.
Jump up ^ Clemenza's nomination count ties with Autumn Lewis of season 7 Sabrina Brimhall of season 8, Elise Wims in Season 9 and Scott Commings of Season 12.
Jump up ^ Tiffany did not return, so Patrick took her place as the last person eliminated prior to the top ten.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "About > Contestants". Hell's Kitchen official site. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dana Cohen thrives in the heat of Hell's Kitchen". northjersey.com. August 2, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ [1]
^ Jump up to: a b "Two local chefs to compete on 'Hell's Kitchen'". Philly.com. June 3, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 6, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'MasterChef' and 'America's Got Talent' Adjusted Up". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 12, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen' and 'MasterChef' Adjusted Up, Plus Stanley Cup Final Numbers". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 13, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings:'American Ninja Warrior' and 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up; 'Love in the Wild' Adjusted Down, Plus, NBA Finals Ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondology, Amanda (June 19, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'America's Got Talent' Adjusted Up; 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondology, Amanda (June 21, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: Final NBA Ratings + 'MasterChef' Adjusted Up, 'Catalina' Adjusted Down". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 26, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelorette,' 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up; 'American Ninja Warrior', 'Glass House' Adjusted Down Plus Olympics Trials Ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 27, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen', 'MasterChef 'Adjusted Up, Plus U.S. Olympic Trials Ratings". TV By The Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 6, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'America's Got Talent' & 'US Olympic Trials' Adjusted Up; 'Glass House' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 6, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up; 'Love in the Wild' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (July 10, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen', 'MasterChef', 'Fear Factor' Adjusted Up; 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 17, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'American Ninja Warrior' Adjusted Up; 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 18, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Dana (July 24, 2012). "Hell's Kitchen Meatloaf with Sweet-Potato Puree". Epicurious. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (July 24, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings:'Bachelor Pad' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (July 25, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'America's Got Talent' Adjusted Up; 'MasterChef', 'Love In The Wild' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (August 14, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: No Adjustments for 'Hell's Kitchen', 'Hotel Hell', 'Bachelor Pad' or 'Grimm'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (August 21, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Grimm', 'Stars Earn Stripes', 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up; 'Bachelor Pad', 'The Glass House' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (August 28, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Hotel Hell' & 'Stars Earn Stripes' Adjusted Up; 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (September 6, 2012). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen' & 'America's Got Talent' Adjusted Up Plus Final Numbers for DNC Day 1". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (September 11, 2012). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Adjusted Up + Unscrambled CBS Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
External links[edit]
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Legend (Magic: The Gathering)
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This article is about cards used in the game Magic: The Gathering. For the expansion to the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, see Legends (Magic: The Gathering).
An example of a Legendary Creature. This is the 10th Edition version; the original Mercadian Masques printing used "Creature — Goblin Legend" instead of "Legendary Creature — Goblin".
In the Magic: The Gathering trading card game, a Legendary card or Legend is a card that represents a unique individual or thing with a specific name, rather than the generic, unnamed things that most cards represent. For example, while the card Raging Goblin could be any goblin, the card Squee, Goblin Nabob is a specific goblin with a personality and a history.
Printed legendary cards are indicated by the word "Legendary" before their card type (e.g. "Legendary Artifact") to replace the original "Creature — Legend" or "Summon Legend", a change made in Champions of Kamigawa.[1]
The associated Magic: The Gathering novels often deal with the characters represented by legendary cards in the game.
Contents
1 Gameplay
2 History
3 References
4 See also
Gameplay[edit]
205.4d. Any permanent with the supertype “legendary” is subject to the state-based action for legendary permanents, also called the “legend rule” (see rule 704.5k). 704.5k. If a player controls two or more legendary permanents with the same name, that player chooses one of them, and the rest are put into their owners' graveyards. This is called the “legend rule.”
Magic: The Gathering Comprehensive Rules, as of April 8, 2016[2]
Only one copy of a given legendary card may be in control by a same player at the same time. If multiple copies of a legend are under control by a same player, the player choose one of them, and all of the rest are put into the graveyard (discard pile).[2] (This has not always been the case; see History below.)
The cards must have exactly the same name in order to trigger the legend rule. Some characters are represented on multiple cards: for example, the character Kamahl appears as both Kamahl, Pit Fighter and Kamahl, Fist of Krosa, and the character Akroma appears as both Akroma, Angel of Wrath and Akroma, Angel of Fury. Because the cards are different, one of each card can be in play without counting as the same legend, even though they represent the same character.[3]
Most legendary cards are creatures; legendary artifacts, lands, sorceries and enchantments also exist.
Planeswalker cards' uniqueness rule was heavily influenced by Legend Rule. The only difference is they refer to the type of the card. This basically eliminated any possibility of having two same Planeswalker under a player's control as each different Planeswalker is assigned with a one unique Type for all cards refer to the same person. The only exception, however, is if a Planeswalker is also represented by a legendary creature as two rules are operated independent to each other. For example, Karn, Silver Golem and Karn Liberated can be controlled by a player at the same time even though they represent the same person.
History[edit]
Legendary creatures and lands were introduced in 1994 with Legends, the game's third expansion set. Although some cards printed prior to Legends represent unique individuals and would logically have been legendary, they were and are still treated as non-legendary. The first legendary artifact, Sword of the Chosen, was printed in the Stronghold set in 1998,[4] and the first legendary enchantments were printed in Champions of Kamigawa in 2004.
The way the legend rule functioned when it was first introduced differed from its present form: if a legendary card came into play when another copy of the same card was already in play, the recently played legend would be put in the graveyard, but not the one that was already in play. This could be a significant advantage to the player who played the legend first, and was particularly an issue with legends that could be played cheaply and quickly, such as Lin Sivvi, Defiant Hero.[5]
Initially, legendary creatures were printed with "Legend" as their creature type. At the time, most creatures other than artifact creatures (which had no creature type at all) could only have one creature type, so "Legend" replaced any other creature type they might have had. Later, some legends were printed with additional text giving them extra creature types: for example, while Barrin, Master Wizard has "Legend" as his creature type, the card's text reads "Barrin, Master Wizard counts as a Wizard", effectively giving him the Wizard creature type as well. Beginning with the Urza's Destiny set in 1999, legendary creatures were simply given multiple creature types: for example, Rayne, Academy Chancellor is simply printed as a "Wizard Legend", making the "counts as a Wizard" text unnecessary. The status of "Legend" as a creature type could be exploited using the card Unnatural Selection: a player could eliminate an opponent's creatures by changing them into Legends, triggering the legend rule.[5]
In 2004, Legend was removed as a creature type, rendering it inaccessible by Unnatural Selection, and the legend rule was changed, only to be activated if two (or more) legendary permanents are with the same name.[5][6] As a result, new, cheap legendary cards have been printed in subsequent sets.[5] Early legendary creatures which had only "Legend" as their creature type have been retroactively given other creature types.[7]
In 2013, the Legend rule is changed to the current form, which the range of influence was changed from the whole battlefield to player oneself. This prevents any possibility of using the legend rule as a means to remove opponents' legendary cards by playing another of the same legendary card or by making a copy of it.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Barclay, Paul; DeLaney, David; Jordan, Jeff. "Champions of KamigawaTM Frequently Asked Questions". Essential Magic. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Magic: The Gathering Comprehensive Rules". Wizards of the Coast. 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
Jump up ^ Magic Rules Corner (2008-03-31). "Ask Wizards - March 31, 2008". Ask Wizards. Magicthegathering.com. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
Jump up ^ "Card of the Day - Monday, September 6, 2004". Card of the Day. Magicthegathering.com. 2004-09-06. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Forsythe, Aaron (2004-09-10). "Legendary Rules Changes". Latest Developments. Magicthegathering.com. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
Jump up ^ Magic: The Gathering Rules FAQ, v4.02 (part 2)
Jump up ^ Gottlieb, Mark (2007-09-26). "The Grand Creature Type Update". Magicthegathering.com. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
Jump up ^ Tabak, Matt (2013-05-23). "Magic 2014 Core Set Rules Preview". Magicthegathering.com. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
See also[edit]
Magic: The Gathering rules
Planeswalker, a card type which derived from Legend rule
Enchant World, a card type similar to but distinct from Legendary Enchantments
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legend_(Magic:_The_Gathering)&oldid=846770841"
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