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Khawaja Nazimuddin
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His Excellency
Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin
خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین
খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন
CIE, KCIE
Khwaja Nazimuddin (1894–1964)
2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
17 October 1951 – 17 April 1953
Monarch
George VI
(1951–52)
Elizabeth II
(1952–53)
Governor General
Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Preceded by
Liaquat Ali Khan
Succeeded by
Mohammad Ali Bogra
2nd Governor-General of Pakistan
In office
14 September 1948 – 17 October 1951
Monarch
George VI
Prime Minister
Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Succeeded by
Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Chief Minister of East Bengal
In office
15 August 1947 – 14 September 1948
Monarch
George VI
Governor General
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Prime Minister
Liaquat Ali Khan
Governor
Sir Fredrick Chalmers Bourne
Preceded by
Huseyn Suhrawardy (as Prime minister of Bengal)
Succeeded by
Nurul Amin
Prime Minister of Bengal
In office
29 April 1943 – 31 March 1945
Monarch
George VI
Governor General
Lord Mountbatten
Governor
Richard Casey, Baron Casey
Preceded by
Fazlul Haq
Succeeded by
Huseyn Suhrawardy
President of Pakistan Muslim League
In office
17 October 1951 – 17 April 1953
Preceded by
Liaquat Ali Khan
Succeeded by
Mohammad Ali of Bogra
Personal details
Born
Khawaja Nazimuddin
(1894-07-19)19 July 1894
Dacca, Bengal, British India
(now Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Died
22 October 1964(1964-10-22) (aged 70)
Dacca, Pakistan
(now Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Resting place
Mausoleum of three leaders
Citizenship
Indian (1894–1947)
Pakistan (1947–1964)
Nationality
Pakistani[1]:19
Political party
Pakistan Muslim League
(1947–64)
Other political
affiliations
All-India Muslim League
(1922–1947)
Spouse(s)
Shah Bano Ashraf, daughter of Khwaja Ashraf
Relations
Khwaja Shahabuddin
(Younger brother)
Alma mater
Cambridge University
(MA in Eng.)
Aligarh Muslim University
(BA in Soci.)
Profession
Barrister, politician
Awards
Order of the Indian Empire
Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (Urdu: خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین; Bengali: খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964), KCIE, CIE, was a Bengali politician, conservative figure, and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan.[2] He is noted as being the first Bengali leader of Pakistan who led the country as Prime Minister (1951–53), as well as the second Governor-General (1948–51).[3][4]
Born into an aristocrat Nawab family in Bengal in 1894, he was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University before pursuing his education at the Cambridge University to secure his graduation. Upon returning, he started his political career on a Muslim League platform where he primary focused on education causes in Bengal before leading the cause for separate Muslim homeland, Pakistan, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. From 1943–45, he served as the Prime Minister of Bengal and later becoming the Chief Minister in 1947 until 1948 when he ascended as Governor-General after Jinnah's passing.
In 1951, he took over the control of the government as Prime Minister of Pakistan upon the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan, and relinquished the post of Governor-General to Sir Malik Ghulam.[5] As Prime Minister, he struggled to run the government effectively on the internal and foreign fronts, and thus he tenured for only two years. On the home front, he struggled to maintain law and order in the country and instructed the military to impose martial law in Lahore due to religious riots and stagnation. He also faced a populist language movement in his native Bengal that eventually led to the shutdown of Government of East Pakistan. Foreign relations with the United States, Soviet Union, Afghanistan, and India soured as republicanism and socialism gained popularity at home.
Eventually, he was forced to step down in favor of diplomat Mohammad Ali Bogra by his own appointed Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam and conceded defeat in elections held in 1954. Upon retiring from national politics, he suffered a brief illness and died in 1964. He was buried at a Mausoleum in Dhaka.[6]
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Family background, early life and education
2 Politics
2.1 Public service and Independence movement
2.2 Home and Chief Minister of Pakistan (1940–47)
3 Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–51)
4 Prime Minister of Pakistan (1951–53)
4.1 Nazimuddin administration
5 Dismissal
6 Death and legacy
6.1 Later life and death
6.2 Wealth and honours
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Biography[edit]
Family background, early life and education[edit]
Nazimuddin was born into an aristocratic and wealthy family of the Nawabs of Dhaka, Dacca, Bengal, on 19 July 1894.[7][8][9]:1895[10]:xxx He was the maternal grandson of Nawab Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah and his mother, Bilquis Bano, was notable for her own statue.[11]:xxx Nazimuddin had a younger brother, Khwaja Shahabuddin, who would later played a vital role in national politics onwards.[12]:76[11]:xxx Being of Bengali-Kashmiri descent, his family spoke both Urdu and Bengali.[13]:145–146 They were the first cousin of Nawab Khwaja Habibullah son of Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur who helped laid foundation of Muslim League in 1906.[14]:80–81
He was educated at the Dunstable Grammar School in England but returned to India following his matriculation where he enrolled to attend the MAO College of the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in Uttar Pradesh, India.[15] Nazimuddin secured his graduation with a BA degree in Sociology from AMU and was sent back to England to pursue higher education.[16] During his time at AMU, he was known to be an avid Tennis player and excelled in this sport when he represented his university in collegiate games.[12]:76
After AMU, Nazimuddin went to England and attended Trinity College at Cambridge University. He was granted his MA degree in English by Cambridge University.[17]:449–450 His training in England enabled him to practice law and become a Barrister-at-Law in England.[15] He was knighted in 1934.[18] In 1947–49, Nazimuddin was granted the degree of Doctor of Laws by the Vice-Chancellor of Dhaka University, Dr. Mahmud Hasan.[19]:161
Politics[edit]
Public service and Independence movement[edit]
Main article: Prime Minister of Bengal
Nazimuddin returned to India to join his brother Khwaja Shahbuddin from England, taking interest in civil and public affairs that led him to join the Bengali politics.[20]:310–311 Both brother joined the Muslim League, and Nazimuddin successfully ran for the municipality election and elected as Chairman of Dhaka Municipality from 1922 until 1929.[9] During this time, he was appointed as Education minister and later secured a political appointment in Viceroy's Executive Council in 1934 which he served until 1937.[21]:80
He participated in regional elections held on 1937 on a Muslim League's platform but conceded his defeat in favor of Fazlul Haq of Krishak Praja Part (KPP) who was appointed as Prime Minister of Bengal, while assuming his personal role as member of the legislative assembly.[22][23]:69
In the India Office Records, Political and Secret Department Records (1756–1950), Category L/P&S, Record 5/250, 3/79, one comes across the Fortnightly Report (February 1947) to the Viceroy by the then Governor of Punjab Sir Evan Jenkins. According to this report when inquired about the Pakistan project, Khawaja Nazimuddin candidly told him that ″he did not know what Pakistan means and that nobody in the Muslim League knew.″ This remark clearly shows that so few as six months before the creation of Pakistan, even senior Muslim League leaders had no clarity as to the basic features of the State they were asking for.[a]
Home and Chief Minister of Pakistan (1940–47)[edit]
Upon the formation of the coalition government in an agreement facilitated between Muslim League and the Krishak Praja Party, Nazimuddin was appointed as the home minister under Haq's premiership., which he continued until 1943.[24]:331
Due to his conservative elite position, he became close associate of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then-President of Muslim League, who appointed him as a member of the executive committee to successfully promote Muslim League' party agenda and program that gained popularity in East Bengal.[24]:332[25] In 1940–41, Nazimuddin broke away from the coalition led by Premier Fazlul Haq and decided to become a leader of the opposition, leading campaign against Haq's premiership and primarily focused on Bengali nationalism issues.[24]:332 In 1943, Nazimuddin took over the government from Premier Haq when the latter was dismissed by the Governor John Herbert amid controversies surrounding in his political campaigns.[26] During this time, Nazimuddin played a crucial political role for the cause for the separate Muslim homeland, Pakistan.[24]:332 About his role, he was asked about the "Pakistan question" by British Governor Richard Casey in 1945 but he showed very little and no interests in discussing the existence of the movement and reportedly quoting: he did not know what Pakistan means and nobody in Muslim League knew."[27]:17
His premiership lasted until 1945 when a motion of no confidence and faced with defeat in the assembly hall by 160 to 97 votes that effectively ended his premiership.[28]:106 He relinquished the office to Nausher Ali, an Indian nationalist Muslim and a prominent member of Congress Party who the speaker of the assembly, but the administration was taken over by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy.[28]:106[29]
From 1945–47, Sir Nazimuddin continued to be served as the chairman of the Muslim League in East Bengal, ardently supporting the political cause for Pakistan against the Congress Party.[24]:333 During this time, he had been in brief conflict with Premier Suhrawardy and strongly opposed the United Bengal Movement and led a strong parliamentary opposition in the assembly against Suhrawardy's administration in April 1947. The conflict between two men mainly existed because Suhrawardy had represented the middle class while Nazimuddin was representing the aristocracy in the assembly.[30]
In 1947, he again contested in the party elections in the Muslim League against Suhrawardy's platform and securing his nomination as the party chairman for the Muslim League's East Bengal chapter.[31]:49–50 His success in the party election eventually led him to the appointed as the first Chief Minister of East Bengal after the partition of India in 1947 and effectively gained controlled of the Muslim League in the province.[31]:50
As the Chief Minister, he led the motion of confidence that ultimately voted in favor of joining the federation of Pakistan and reorganized the Government of East Pakistan by delegating conservative members in his administration.[31]:49–50
Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–51)[edit]
On 14 August of 1947, Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah relinquished the party presidency of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) to Khawaja Nazimuddin who took over the party of President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML), due to his party electoral performance.[31]:50–51 On 1 November 1947, he was appointed as acting Governor-General in the absence of Governor-General Jinnah due to worsening health, and eventually appointed as Governor-General after passing of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in a crucial support provided by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan on 14 September 1948 to the President Nazimuddin.[32] His oath of office was supervised by Chief Justice Sir Abdul Rashid of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, in attendance with Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.[9]
As Governor-General, Nazimuddin set a precedent of neutrality and non-interference in the government, and provided his political support to Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan's government, which was seen as essential to the working of the responsible government at that time.[33]:102
His role as Governor-General reflected a conservative mind-set and he spoke against secularism in the country.[34]
I do not agree that religion is a private affair of the individual nor do I agree that in an Islamic state every citizen has identical rights, no matter what his caste, creed or faith be ...
—  Governor-General Khawaja Nazimuddin, 1948–49, [34]
In 1949, Governor-General Nazimuddin established the parliamentary committee, the Basic Principles Committee, on the advice of Prime Minister Ali Khan to underlying basic principles that would lay foundation of Constitution of Pakistan.[35]
In 1950, Nazimuddin released an official policy statement and declared that: "Pakistan would remain incomplete until the whole of Kashmir is liberated."[36]
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1951–53)[edit]
Nazimuddin administration[edit]
Nazimuddin, with M.G. Muhammad in New York City, ca. 1948.
After the assassination of Liaqat Ali Khan in 1951, the Muslim League leaders asked Governor-General Nazimuddin to take over the business of the government as well as the party's presidency as there was no other person found suitable for the post.[37][9]:233 He appointed Finance Minister Sir Malik Ghulam as Governor-General's post.[9] Nazimuddin's government focused towards promoting the political programs aimed towards conservative ideas.[38] During his time in office, a framework was begun for a constitution that would allow Pakistan to become a republic, and end its Dominion status under the English monarchy.
Nazimuddin's administration took place during a poor economy and the rise of provincial nationalism in four provinces and East Bengal which made him unable to run the country's affairs effectively.[39]:121–122 By 1951–52, the Muslim League had split into two different factions dominated by the Bengali chapter and Punjab-Sindh chapter, as those were the two largest ethnic demographics, but were separated by India.[37]:235
In 1951, Prime Minister Nazimuddin's government conducted the country's first nationwide census where it was noted that 57% population of the country was Indian immigrants, mostly residing in Karachi that further complicated the situation in the country.[40]:xxx In January 1952, Prime Minister Nazimuddin publicly announced in Dacca's meeting that: Jinnah had been right: for the sake of Pakistan's national unity, Urdu must be the official language of Pakistan–East and West.[41]:153 On 21 February 1952, a demonstration in the Bengali Language movement demanding equal and official status to the Bengali language turned bloody, with many fatalities caused by police firings.[42]:137 This demonstration was held when he declared Urdu the National Language of Pakistan, following the previous statement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that Urdu shall be 'one and only' language of Pakistan.[43]
In 1953, a violent religious movement led by far-right Jamaat-e-Islami began to agitate for the removal of the Ahmadi religious minority from power positions, and demanded a declaration of this minority as non-Muslims.[44]:60
Nazimuddin was held morally responsible for riots being spread and resisted such pressures;[44]:60 but mass rioting broke out in Punjab against both the government and followers of this religious minority.[44]:60–61 Prime Minister Nazimuddin responded to the violence by dismissing the Chief Minister of Punjab, Mumtaz Daultana, to Feroz Khan Noon, but the decision came late.[45]:17 He declared martial law and enforced through Lieutenant General Azam Khan who successfully quelled the agitation.[45]:17–18[46]:158
Dismissal[edit]
The agitations and violence spread through the successful Bengali language movement and the riots in Lahore proved the inability of Prime Minister Nazimuddin's government as he was widely seen as weak in running the government administration.[47]:288
In a view of attempting to improve the economy and internal security, Governor-General Malik Ghulam asked Prime Minister Nazimuddin to step down in the wider interest of the country.[47]:289 Prime Minister Nazimuddin refused to oblige and Governor-General Malik Ghulam used reserve powers granted in the Government of India Act, 1935, dismissed Prime Minister Nazimuddin.[47]:289
Nazimuddin then requested the Supreme Court of Pakistan's intervention against this action but the Chief Justice, Moh'd Munir did not rule on the legality of the dismissal, but instead forced new elections to be held in 1954.[48] Governor-General Malik Ghulam appointed another Bengali politician, Muhammad Ali Bogra who was then tenuring as the Pakistan ambassador to the United States, as the new Prime Minister until the new elections to be held in 1954.[47]:289 The dismissal of Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin's administration, the Prime Minister, by the Governor-General Malik Ghulam, signalled a troubling trend in political history of the country.[47]:289[49]:132
Death and legacy[edit]
Later life and death[edit]
Mausoleum of three leaders at Dhaka
Even after his dismissal, he and his family remained active in parliamentary politics; his nephew, Khwaja Wasiuddin, an army general serving as GOC-in-C II Corps and later repatriated to Bangladesh in 1974.
His younger brother, Shahabuddin, remained active in the politics and eventually ascended as Information minister in the President Ayub Khan's administration.[50]:559 Sir Khawaja died in 1964, aged 70. He was buried at Mausoleum of three leaders in his hometown of Dhaka.[51][52]
Wealth and honours[edit]
Nazimuddin and his brother, Shahabuddin, belonged to an aristocrat wealthy family who were known for their wealth. In thesis written by Joya Chatterji, Nazimuddin was described for unquestionable loyalty to British administration in India:
Short statured with a bulging pear-like figure, he was known for his insatiable appetite and his unfailing submission to the .... Britishers... Dressed in British-styled Sherwani and breechers-like Churidar pajamas with a Fez cap and wearing little shoes, he carried a... cane of knob and represented an age and tradition.
—  Joya Chatterji, Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, Reference [21]:80
By 1934, the family had estates that covered almost 200,000 acres and was well spread over seven district of Eastern Bengal, together with Shillong and Assam with an yearly rent of ₤120,000 ($2,736,497.94 in 2017).[21]:80 By 1960s, the majority of estate was relocated from East Pakistan to the different areas of Pakistan, leaving very little of his estate in East.[21]:80
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1926, and was knighted in 1934 by the King-Emperor, George V, when he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE).[53]
By the Government of Pakistan, Nazimuddin has been honored from time to time after his death. In Karachi, the residential areas, Nazimabad and North Nazimabad in suburbs of Karachi, had been named after his name. In Islamabad, there is a road intersection, Nazimuddin Road, that has been named in his honor; while in Dacca, there is also a road after his namesake.[citation needed]
In his honour, the Pakistan Post issued a commemorative stamp in accordance to his respect.[54]
See also[edit]
List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Politics of Pakistan
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Further on this: Husain Haqqani, ″Magnificent Delusions,″ New York: Public Affairs, 2013, p. 17
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Current Events Biography, 1949
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Preceded by
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Chief Minister of East Bengal
1947–1948 Succeeded by
Nurul Amin
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah Governor-General of Pakistan
1948–1951 Succeeded by
Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Preceded by
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1951–1953 Succeeded by
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text:
Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the 2008 documentary, see Where Have All the Flowers Gone? (film).
1960 release on The Rainbow Quest LP, Folkways, FA 2454, by Pete Seeger
Columbia Hall of Fame 45 rpm single release as 13-33088 featuring the November 1962 version. August 1965.
"Where Have All The Flowers Gone?"
Song
Language
English
Composer(s)
Pete Seeger
Lyricist(s)
Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in Sing Out! magazine.[1] Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song.[2] Its rhetorical "where?" and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition.[3][better source needed] In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs".[4]
The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records 45 single, 13-33088, by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Versions
3 Grammy Hall of Fame
4 See also
5 References
6 Bibliography
Composition[edit]
Seeger found inspiration for the song in October 1955 while he was on a plane bound for a concert at Oberlin College, one of the few venues which would hire him during the McCarthy era.[5] Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage, "Where are the flowers, the girls have plucked them. Where are the girls, they've all taken husbands. Where are the men, they're all in the army."[6] These lines were taken from the traditional Cossack folk song "Koloda-Duda", referenced in the Mikhail Sholokhov novel And Quiet Flows the Don (1934), which Seeger had read "at least a year or two before".[3]
Seeger created a song which was subsequently published in Sing Out in 1962. He recorded a version with three verses on The Rainbow Quest album (Folkways LP FA 2454) released in July 1960. Later, Joe Hickerson added two more verses with a recapitulation of the first[3] in May 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana.[7]
In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs".[4]
The song appeared on the compilation album Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits (1967) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416.
Pete Seeger's recording from the Columbia album The Bitter and the Sweet (November 1962), CL 1916, produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13-33088 backed by "Little Boxes" in August, 1965.[8][9]
Versions[edit]
The Kingston Trio recorded the song in 1961.[10][11] Believing it to be a traditional song, they claimed authorship, although upon notice from Seeger they had their name removed and credited Seeger and Hickerson.[7] Seeger acknowledged their success with this song.[12] Their single, with "O Ken Karanga" as the A-side and the hit "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?" the B-side, reached #21 in the 1962 Billboard Hot 100 chart and #4 on the Easy Listening chart.[13]
Peter, Paul and Mary included the song on their eponymous debut album (which spent five weeks as the #1 album in the country) in 1962.
Marlene Dietrich performed the song in English, French, and German. The song was first performed in French (as "Qui peut dire où vont les fleurs?") by Marlene in 1962 at a UNICEF concert. She also recorded the song in English and in German, the latter titled "Sag' mir, wo die Blumen sind", with lyrics translated by Max Colpet. She performed the German version on a tour of Israel, where she was warmly received; she was the first person to break the taboo of using German publicly in Israel since WWII.[3][14] Her version peaked #32 in German charts.[15]
Dalida also recorded the song in French as "Que sont devenues les fleurs?", adapted by Guy Béart in 1962 (Les Années Barclay, vol. 5, 1962).
Jaap Fischer recorded the song in Dutch as "Zeg me waar de bloemen zijn" (single, B side of "Jan Soldaat",1963).
Conny van den Bos recorded the song in Dutch "Waar zijn al die bloemen toch?", released 1963.
The Searchers released their version on the album Meet The Searchers, released June 1963.
The Springfields featuring Dusty Springfield released a version in German in 1963.
Bobby Darin recorded the song on the Golden Folk Hits album on Capitol, 2007, which was released in November 1963.
Roy Orbison recorded a version of the song which appears on the album The Connoisseur's Orbison.
Eddy Arnold and The Needmore Creek Singers recorded the song on October 9, 1963, and released it on the Folk Song Book album released in January 1964.
Vera Lynn recorded the song as the eleventh cut on her 1964 album "Among My Souvenirs".
The Brothers Four recorded the song on their 1964 LP "More Big Folk Hits", Columbia Records, CL-2213.
The Four Seasons recorded the song on their 1964 Philips album Born to Wander, PHM 200 129.
Lars Lönndahl recorded the song in 1964[16] with Swedish lyrics Inga blommor finns det mer, translated in 1962[17] by Beppe Wolgers.
Joan Baez included the German version (Sagt Mir wo die Blumen sind) on her 1965 album Farewell Angelina.
Johnny Rivers had a 1965 top 40 hit in the US with a folk rock version, reaching #26 on the Billboard Hot 100[3] and #9 in Canada.
Grady Martin released an instrumental version in 1965 on his Instrumentally Yours album.[18]
Harry Belafonte has made one recording of it at a benefit concert in Stockholm, Sweden, 1966 on the album BEL-1.
Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs included the song on their 1968 album Changin' Times.
Walter Jackson recorded a R & B version in Chicago for Okeh records in 1967.
Jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery recorded an instrumental version in his trademark style on the 1968 LP Road Song
In 1969, Rufus Harley recorded a jazz instrumental version on his trademark bagpipes, but the track was never commercially released until it was included in his posthumously released limited edition collection Courage - The Atlantic Recordings in 2006.
The Landsmen released the song as a 45 single on Arvee.
Bill Anderson recorded the song on his eponymous 1971 album.
American R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire covered the song on the 1972 album Last Days and Time.
Richie Havens recorded the song in 1972.
Yellow Magic Orchestra recorded the song in 1980 and released it in the 1999 compilation album "YMO GO HOME!"
Hannes Wader recorded a German version as the final track for his 1982 album Daß nichts bleibt wie es war.
City recorded a German version in their 1983 album Unter der Haut.
Bernie Sanders covered the song on his 1987 album We Shall Overcome.
A Russian version of the song was created in 1998 by Oleg Nesterov, a lead singer of Megapolis, and later performed in duet with Masha Makarova (Masha I Medvedi) in a music video.
Olivia Newton-John recorded the song on her 2004 album Indigo: Women of Song.
Country singer Dolly Parton has also recorded a rendition of the song, on her 2005 album Those Were the Days.
Chris de Burgh has recorded a new version which is featured on his 2008 album Footsteps.[citation needed]
The song was sung at the funeral of Harry Patch, the last British soldier of the First World War, in Wells Cathedral on August 9, 2009.
The Folkswingers recorded an instrumental version of the song for their second album 12 String Guitar! Vol. 2.
A Polish-language version was sung by Sława Przybylska (Polish title: "Gdzie są kwiaty z tamtych lat?")
A Czech-language version of the song ("Řekni, kde ty kytky jsou") was also created and recorded by several popular artists, such as Judita Čeřovská (cz), Marie Rottrová (cz), or Marta Kubišová. Čeřovská's version was one of the OST songs of Czech film Rebelové.
Croatian folk band Zlatni Dukati performed a version of the song entitled "Iznad polja makova" ("Above the fields of poppy") during the Croatian War of Independence.
A piano version of the song by Scottish pop singer and songwriter Jimmy Sommerville appears on his 2009 album Suddenly Last Summer.
Kirsten Hasberg, of Kassel Germany, recorded a parody entitled Sag, die Energiewende, wo ist sie geblieben? about the German transition to renewable energies and "energy democracy."
Erzsi Kovács, Hungarian pop singer recorded a version in Hungarian
Classical guitarist Sharon Isbin recorded an instrumental version in her 2009 album Journey to the New World.
British Folk-Rock group The Tansads included a version on their 1995 live album Drag Down The Moon.
German Avant-garde group Einstürzende Neubauten recorded a German version of the song for their 2014 album Lament.
Lara Veronin, Russian-Taiwanese-American singer recorded a version for the 2012 Taiwanese drama Alice in Wonder City.
The Armistice Pals recorded a version in 2014 that was released as a commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of World War One and as a tribute to Pete Seeger, who had died earlier that year. The voice of Pete Seeger is heard in the recording along with that of his half-sister Peggy Seeger.
The Hi-Marks, a popular 1970s group in New Zealand, recorded a version on their first album Showtime Spectacular.
Serbian actor Dragan Maksimović performed a part of this song in the movie Mi nismo anđeli ("We are not Angels") recorded in 1992 in Yugoslavia.
Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias included a version on their 1978 album Skite.
Adhunik Bengali singer Anjan Dutt covered the song in his 2001 album Rawng Pencil.
Kabir Suman translated the song to Bengali (Kothaye Gelo Tara). Suman and Seeger performed the English and Bengali versions one after the other twice during Suman and Seeger's Tour of Kolkata in 1996 .
Version
Title
Artist
Basque Loreak non dira? Lou Topet, Harkaitz Cano
Belarusian Дзе кветкі ўсе? Bar Akaryna
Bengali কোথায় গেল তারা? (Kothay Gelo Tara) Kabir Suman
Catalan Què se n'ha fet d'aquelles flors? Roslyn Smith, La Marta (Club Super3)
Chinese 花兒怎麼不見了? Poon Sow Keng (潘秀瓊)
Croatian Kamo je cvijeće otišlo? Monia Verardi
Czech Řekni, kde ty kytky jsou Judita Čeřovská, Marie Rottrová, Marta Kubišová
Danish Where Have All the Flowers Gone Savage Rose
Dutch Zeg me waar de bloemen zijn Jaap Fischer
English Where have all the flowers gone? Pete Seeger, The Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul and Mary, Johnny Rivers, many others
Esperanto Ĉiuj floroj estas for Duo Espera
Estonian Kuhu küll kõik lilled jäid Lindpriid
Finnish Minne kukat kadonneet Kukonpojat
French Qui peut dire où vont les fleurs? Eva (de), Marlene Dietrich, Francis Lemarque, Dalida
German Sag mir, wo die Blumen sind Marlene Dietrich, Hannes Wader, Juliane Werding, Nana Mouskouri, Joan Baez, Lolita (Austrian singer), Hildegard Knef, Einstürzende Neubauten
Hebrew איפה הפרחים כולם Eifo Haprachim Kulam שלישיית גשר הירקון (Gesher Hayarkon Trio)
Hungarian Hova tűnt a sok virág? Mária Mezei, Péter Gerendás
Icelandic Hvert er farið blómið blátt? Elly Vilhjálms & Ragnar Bjarnason
Irish Cá bhfuil siad uainn, scoth na mbláth? Feargal Ó Béarra
Italian Dove andranno i nostri fiori? Patty Pravo
Japanese Hana wa doko e itta? Kiyoshiro Imawano
Polish Gdzie są kwiaty z tamtych lat? Sława Przybylska
Portuguese Para onde foram todas as flores Jarmila Ferreira Martins
Romanian Unde au dispărut toate florile Alexandru Constantinescu
Russian Где цветы, дай мне ответ? Gde cvety, day mne otvet? Oleg Nesterov, Masha Makarova
Russian Ты скажи мне, где цветы Zhanna Bichevskaya
Slovenian Kam so šle vse rožice Tomaž Domicelj
Spanish ¿Dónde están las flores? Rolando Alarcón
Swedish Inga blommor finns det mer Lars Lönndahl
Turkish Söyle Çiçekler nerde? Oğuz Tarihmen
Ukrainian Де всі квіти, розкажи De vsi kvity, rozkazhy Maria Burmaka
Ukrainian Квіти де? Kvity De? Yana Zavarzina
Grammy Hall of Fame[edit]
Pete Seeger's recording of his composition was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance."
Pete Seeger: Grammy Hall of Fame Awards[19]
Year recorded
Title
Genre
Label
Year inducted
1964 "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" Folk (single) Columbia 2002
See also[edit]
List of anti-war songs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Seeger, Pete. "Where Have All the Flowers Gone". Sing Out!. 11 (5).
Jump up ^ Hickerson, Joe (2009–2010). "The Songfinder". Sing Out!. 53 (2): 76.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Joe Hickerson. "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?". presentation to SEM (Society for Ethnomusicology), 50th Annual Meeting in Atlanta (quoted in thread). Mudcat.org. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Ian K (March 25, 2010). "Top 20 Political Songs: Where Have All the Flowers Gone". New Statesman. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ A Folk Legend's Fertile Ground, Oberlin Alumni Magazine, summer 2014
Jump up ^ Notes from: Where Have All the Flowers Gone - The Songs of Pete Seeger
^ Jump up to: a b Dunaway, David King (2008). How Can I Keep From Singing? The Ballad of Pete Seeger, pp. 228-30. Random House, Inc. ISBN 0-345-50608-1.
Jump up ^ Pete Seeger - Little Boxes/Where Have All the Flowers Gone. Discogs.com.
Jump up ^ Pete Seeger - The Bitter and the Sweet. Discogs.com.
Jump up ^ Where Have All the Flowers Gone? Second Hand Songs.
Jump up ^ The Kingston Trio time line. The single was released on December 18, 1961 by the group on Capitol Records as a 45 single, 4671. Source: Liner notes for The Kingston Trio: The Capital Years (Capitol Records CD7243 8 28498 2 7).
Jump up ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 18 - Blowin' in the Wind: Pop discovers folk music. [Part 1]" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Track 5.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 137.
Jump up ^ "Marlene Dietrich, Actor / Singer". Answers.com. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Marlene Dietrich - Sag mir wo die Blumen sind". Offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Album title En kväll med Towa och Lasse, track 8, record label Teldec, Hamburg, cataloged in the Swedish Media Database (SMDb) of the Royal Library in Stockholm.
Jump up ^ Inga blommor finns det mer, blog post by Enn Kokk, without date, read January 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Grady Martin. Instrumentally Yours. AllMusic.com.
Jump up ^ Grammy Hall of Fame Database.
Bibliography[edit]
Seeger, Pete; Blood, Peter (1993). Where have all the flowers gone : a singer's stories, songs, seeds, robberies (book)|format= requires |url= (help) (Biography). Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Sing Out!. pp. 166–169. ISBN 978-1-881322-01-6. OCLC 28150656.
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Marlene Dietrich
Studio albums
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Die neue Marlene (1965)
Marlene singt Berlin, Berlin (1965)
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Wiedersehen mit Marlene (1960)
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"Falling in Love Again"
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"Lili Marlene"
"Sag' mir, wo die Blumen sind"
"Die Antwort Weiss Ganz Allein Der Wind"
"Come Rain or Come Shine"
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WorldCat Identities
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