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Silent Night
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This article is about the Christmas carol. For other uses, see Silent Night (disambiguation).
Silent Night
Christmas carol
Silent-Night-Chapel in Oberndorf, where the song was first performed
Native name
Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht
Full
Silent Night, Holy Night
Text
Joseph Mohr
Language
German
Melody
Franz Xaver Gruber
Performed
24 December 1818 (1818-12-24)
Published
1833 (1833)
"Silent Night" (German: Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht) is a popular Christmas carol, composed in 1818 by Franz Xaver Gruber to lyrics by Joseph Mohr in the small town of Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2011.[1] The song has been recorded by a large number of singers from every music genre. The version sung by Bing Crosby is the third best-selling single of all-time.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Translations
3 Lyrics
4 Musical settings
5 In film
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The song was first performed on Christmas Eve 1818 at St Nicholas parish church in Oberndorf, a village in the Austrian Empire on the Salzach river in present-day Austria. A young priest, Father Joseph Mohr, had come to Oberndorf the year before. He had written the lyrics of the song "Stille Nacht" in 1816 at Mariapfarr, the hometown of his father in the Salzburg Lungau region, where Joseph had worked as a co-adjutor.[2]
The melody was composed by Franz Xaver Gruber, schoolmaster and organist in the nearby village of Arnsdorf. Before Christmas Eve, Mohr brought the words to Gruber and asked him to compose a melody and guitar accompaniment for the Christmas Eve mass.[3] It is unknown what inspired Mohr to write the lyrics, or what prompted him to create a new carol.[2]
According to Gruber, Karl Mauracher, an organ builder who serviced the instrument at the Obendorf church, was enamoured with the song, and took the composition home with him to the Zillertal.[4] From there, two travelling families of folk singers, the Strassers and the Rainers, included the tune in their shows. The Rainers were already singing it around Christmas 1819, and once performed it for an audience that included Franz I of Austria and Alexander I of Russia, as well as making the first performance of the song in the U.S., in New York City in 1839. By the 1840s the song was well known in Lower Saxony and was reported to be a favourite of Frederick William IV of Prussia. During this period, the melody changed slightly to become the version that is commonly played today.[2][4]
Over the years, because the original manuscript had been lost, Mohr's name was forgotten and although Gruber was known to be the composer, many people assumed the melody was composed by a famous composer, and it was variously attributed to Haydn, Mozart, or Beethoven.[2] However, a manuscript was discovered in 1995 in Mohr's handwriting and dated by researchers as c. 1820. It states that Mohr wrote the words in 1816 when he was assigned to a pilgrim church in Mariapfarr, Austria, and shows that the music was composed by Gruber in 1818. This is the earliest manuscript that exists and the only one in Mohr's handwriting.[5]
The first edition was published by Friese (de) in 1833 in a collection of Four Genuine Tyrolean Songs, with the following musical text:[6]
Franz Xaver Gruber, painted by Sebastian Stief (1846)
Josef Mohr, painting at the Silent-Night-Chape
The contemporary version, as in the choral example below, is:
Translations[edit]
In 1859, the Episcopal priest John Freeman Young, then serving at Trinity Church, New York City, wrote and published the English translation that is most frequently sung today, translated from three of Mohr's original six verses.[7] The version of the melody that is generally used today is a slow, meditative lullaby or pastorale, differing slightly (particularly in the final strain) from Gruber's original, which was a "moderato" tune in 6
8 time and siciliana rhythm.[8][9] Today, the lyrics and melody are in the public domain.
The carol has been translated into about 140 languages.[10][11]
Lyrics[edit]
Autograph (c. 1860) of the carol by Franz Gruber
"Silent Night"
Choral version performed by the United States Army Chorus
"Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht"
Soprano solo performed by Ernestine Schumann-Heink
"Silent Night"
Instrumental version played on piano by Kevin MacLeod in 2000
Problems playing these files? See media help.
German lyrics[12]
Young's English lyrics[13]
Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,
Alles schläft; einsam wacht
Nur das traute hochheilige Paar.
Holder Knabe im lockigen Haar,
Schlaf in himmlischer Ruh!
Schlaf in himmlischer Ruh!

Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,
Hirten erst kundgemacht
Durch der Engel Halleluja,
Tönt es laut von fern und nah:
Christ, der Retter ist da!
Christ, der Retter ist da!

Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht,
Gottes Sohn, o wie lacht
Lieb' aus deinem göttlichen Mund,
Da uns schlägt die rettende Stund'.
Christ, in deiner Geburt!
Christ, in deiner Geburt!
Silent night, holy night,
All is calm, all is bright
Round yon virgin mother and child.
Holy infant, so tender and mild,
Sleep in heavenly peace,
Sleep in heavenly peace.

Silent night, holy night,
Shepherds quake at the sight;
Glories stream from heaven afar,
Heavenly hosts sing Alleluia!
Christ the Savior is born,
Christ the Savior is born!

Silent night, holy night,
Son of God, love's pure light;
Radiant beams from thy holy face
With the dawn of redeeming grace,
Jesus, Lord, at thy birth,
Jesus, Lord, at thy birth.
Musical settings[edit]
Max Reger quotes the tune in the Christmas section of his organ pieces Sieben Stücke, Op. 145.
Alfred Schnittke composed an arrangement of Stille Nacht for violin and piano in 1978, as a holiday greeting for violinist Gidon Kremer. Due its dissonant and nightmarish character, the miniature caused a scandal in Austria.[14][15]
In film[edit]
Several theatrical and television films depict how the song was ostensibly written. Most of them however are based on a spurious legend about the organ breaking down at the church in Oberndorf, which appeared in a fictional story published in the U.S. in the 1930s.[3]
The Legend of Silent Night (1968) TV film directed by Daniel Mann
Silent Night, Holy Night (1976) animated short film by Hanna-Barbera.[16]
Silent Mouse (1988) television special directed and produced by Robin Crichton and narrated by Lynn Redgrave.[17]
Buster & Chauncey's Silent Night (1998) direct-to-video animated featurette[18]
Stille Nacht (2012) directed by Christian Vuissa[19]
The First Silent Night (2014), documentary narrated by Simon Callow[20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Österreichische UNESCO-Kommission – Nationalagentur für das Immaterielle Kulturerbe – Austrian Inventory". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Egan, Bill (December 1999). "Silent Night, Holy Night". Soundscapes. University of Groningen. 2. ISSN 1567-7745. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Christmas carols". BBC. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spreading of the Song Locally". Silent Night Association. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Origin of the Song". Silent Night Association. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night" revisited by Norbert Müllemann, G. Henle Verlag, 24 December 2012
Jump up ^ Underwood, Byron Edward, "Bishop John Freeman Young, Translator of 'Stille Nacht'", The Hymn, v. 8, no. 4, October 1957, pp. 123–132.
Jump up ^ Meredith Ellis Little (2001). Siciliana. Grove Music Online. ISBN 978-1561592630.
Jump up ^ Gerlinde Haid (1994). Siciliano als Typus weihnachtlicher Volksmusik. 175 Jahre "Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!" (in German), p.135–146. Salzburg.
Jump up ^ Ronald M. Clancy, William E Studwell. Best-Loved Christmas Carols. Christmas Classics Ltd, 2000.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night". Silent Night Web.
Jump up ^ Evangelisches Gesangbuch, hymn no. 46; Gotteslob, hymn no. 249 (was 145)
Jump up ^ "Silent Night, Holy Night", The United Methodist Hymnal, number 239, translated by John F. Young (stanzas 1–3) and anon. (stanza 4), hymnsite.com
Jump up ^ Guerrieri, Matthew (December 20, 2014). "With 'Stille Nacht,' Schnittke couched protest in tradition". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ross, Alex (September 28, 1992). "Connoisseur of Chaos: Schnittke". The New Republic. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night, Holy Night (TV Movie 1976)". IMDb. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent Mouse (1988)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Buster and Chauncey's Silent Night". TCM. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night | Movieguide | Movie Reviews for Christians". Movieguide. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
Jump up ^ First Silent Night, The, production details
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Silent Night
German Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!
Media related to Stille Nacht at Wikimedia Commons
Translation of all six verses of the German original
Free arrangements for piano and voice from Cantorion.org
Silent Night Chapel, origin of song
Schnittke's version on YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
Bing Crosby singles
Discography
1920s
"My Blue Heaven" (with Paul Whiteman)
"Ol' Man River" (with Paul Whiteman)
"Mississippi Mud" (with Paul Whiteman)
"Silent Night, Holy Night" (with Paul Whiteman)
"Makin' Whoopee" (with Paul Whiteman)
"Let's Do It" (with Dorsey Brothers)
"Louise"
1930s
"Three Little Words" (with Duke Ellington)
"I Surrender Dear" (with Gus Arnheim)
"Just a Gigolo"
"At Your Command"
"Stardust"
"Goodnight, Sweetheart"
"Where the Blue of the Night (Meets the Gold of the Day)" (Bing's Theme Song)
"Waltzing in a Dream"
"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"
"I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You"
"Temptation"
"Did You Ever See a Dream Walking?"
"June in January"
"Love Is Just Around the Corner"
"I Wished on the Moon"
"It Ain't Necessarily So"
"Pennies from Heaven"
"Silent Night"
"Adeste Fideles"
"Sweet Leilani"
"Blue Hawaii"
"Never in a Million Years"
"My Reverie"
"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"
"God Bless America"
"Ciribiribin (They're So in Love)" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
1940s
"Tumbling Tumbleweeds"
"Only Forever"
"Deep in the Heart of Texas"
"Easter Parade"
"White Christmas"
"Moonlight Becomes You"
"Sunday, Monday, or Always"
"People Will Say We're in Love"
"Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'"
"Pistol Packin' Mama" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"I'll Be Home for Christmas"
"Jingle Bells" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"I Love You"
"I'll Be Seeing You"
"Swinging on a Star"
"Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"Amor"
"Don't Fence Me In" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"You Belong to My Heart"
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
"If I Loved You"
"It's Been a Long, Long Time" (w/ Les Paul Trio)
"I Can't Begin to Tell You"
"The Bells of St. Mary's"
"McNamara's Band"
"Get Your Kicks On Route 66" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"Night and Day"
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"Ballerina"
"Now Is the Hour"
"But Beautiful"
"Careless Hands"
"Riders in the Sky"
"Some Enchanted Evening"
"Dear Hearts and Gentle People"
"Mule Train"
1950s
"Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy"
"Play a Simple Melody" (w/ Gary Crosby)
"La Vie en rose"
"All My Love"
"Beyond the Reef"
"Harbor Lights"
"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
"A Marshmallow World"
"Sparrow in the Treetop" (w/ Andrews Sisters)
"Gone Fishin'" (w/ Louis Armstrong)
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening" (w/ Jane Wyman)
"The Isle of Innisfree"
"Zing a Little Zong" (w/ Jane Wyman)
"Silver Bells" (w/ Carol Richards)
"Down by the Riverside" (w/ Gary Crosby)
"Young at Heart"
"Count Your Blessings Instead of Sheep"
"Stranger in Paradise"
"In a Little Spanish Town" (w/ Buddy Cole Trio)
"True Love" (w/ Grace Kelly)
"Now You Has Jazz" (w/ Louis Armstrong)
"Well, Did You Evah!" (w/ Frank Sinatra)
1970s
"That's What Life Is All About"
"Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy" (w/ David Bowie)
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Tower of Silence
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Interior view of Dakhma
Early 20th century drawing of the Dakhma on Malabar Hill, Bombay.
The Malabar Hill Tower of Silence today.
A Dakhma (Persian: دخمه ; Avestan: lit. “tower of silence”), also called a Tower of Silence, is a circular, raised structure built by Zoroastrians for excarnation – that is, for dead bodies to be exposed to carrion birds, usually vultures.
Zoroastrian exposure of the dead is first attested in the mid-5th century BCE Histories of Herodotus, but the use of towers is first documented in the early 9th century BCE.[1]:156–162 The doctrinal rationale for exposure is to avoid contact with Earth or Fire, both of which are considered sacred in Zoroastrian religion.
One of the earliest literary descriptions of such a building appears in the late 9th-century Epistles of Manushchihr, where the technical term is astodan, "ossuary".[2]:205 Another technical term that appears in the 9th/10th-century texts of Zoroastrian tradition (the so-called Pahlavi books) is dakhmag, for any place for the dead.[2]:206 This Zoroastrian Middle Persian term is a borrowing from Avestan dakhma, of uncertain meaning but related to interment and commonly translated as "grave". In the Avesta, the term is pejorative and does not signify a construction of any kind. In the Iranian provinces of Yazd and Kerman, dakhma continues as deme or dema.[2]:206 Yet another term that appears in the 9th/10th-century texts is dagdah, "prescribed place".[2]:206 The word also appears in later Zoroastrian texts of both India and Iran, but in 20th-century India came to signify the lowest grade of temple fire.[2]:206 In India the term doongerwadi came into use after a Dakhma was constructed on a hill of that name.
The English language term "Tower of Silence" is a neologism attributed to Robert Murphy, a translator for the British colonial government of India in the early 19th century.[2]:206
Contents
[hide]
1 Rationale
2 History
3 Construction
4 In modern times
4.1 In Iran
4.2 In India
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Rationale[edit]
View of the interior
Zoroastrian tradition considers a dead body (in addition to cut hair and nail parings) to be nasu, unclean, i.e. potential pollutants. Specifically, the corpse demon (Avestan: nasu.daeva) was believed to rush into the body and contaminate everything it came into contact with,[3] hence the Vendidad (an ecclesiastical code "given against the demons") has rules for disposing of the dead as safely as possible.
To preclude the pollution of earth or fire (see Zam and Atar respectively), the bodies of the dead are placed atop a tower and so exposed to the sun and to scavenging birds. Thus, "putrefaction with all its concomitant evils... is most effectually prevented."[4]
History[edit]
Zoroastrian ritual exposure of the dead is first known of from the writings of the mid-5th century BCE Herodotus, who observed the custom amongst Iranian expatriates in Asia Minor. In Herodotus' account (Histories i.140), the rites are said to have been "secret", but were first performed after the body had been dragged around by a bird or dog. The corpse was then embalmed with wax and laid in a trench.[2]:204
While the discovery of ossuaries in both eastern and western Iran dating to the 5th and 4th centuries BCE indicates that bones were isolated, that this separation occurred through ritual exposure cannot be assumed: burial mounds,[5] where the bodies were wrapped in wax, have also been discovered. The tombs of the Achaemenid emperors at Naqsh-e Rustam and Pasargadae likewise suggest non-exposure, at least until the bones could be collected. According to legend (incorporated by Ferdowsi into his Shahnameh), Zoroaster is himself interred in a tomb at Balkh (in present-day Afghanistan).
Writing on the culture of the Persians, Herodotus reports the Persian burial customs which is performed by the Magi, and they keep the customs secret. However, he writes that he knows they expose the body of male dead to dogs and birds of prey, then they cover the corpse in wax, and then it is buried.[6]
Towers are a much later invention, and are first documented in the early 9th century.[1]:156–162 The ritual customs surrounding that practice appear to date to the Sassanid era (3rd – 7th century CE). They are known in detail from the supplement to the Shayest ne Shayest, the two Rivayat collections, and the two Saddars.
Construction[edit]
The central pit of the (now-defunct) tower of silence at Yazd, Iran.
The modern-day towers, which are fairly uniform in their construction, have an almost flat roof, with the perimeter being slightly higher than the center. The roof is divided into three concentric rings: the bodies of men are arranged around the outer ring, women in the second circle, and children in the innermost ring. Once the bones have been bleached by the sun and wind, which can take as long as a year, they are collected in an ossuary pit at the center of the tower, where – assisted by lime – they gradually disintegrate, and the remaining material – with run-off rainwater – runs through multiple coal and sand filters before being eventually washed out to sea. The ritual precinct may be entered only by a special class of pallbearers, called nusessalars, a contraction of nasa.salar, caretaker (-salar) of potential pollutants (nasa-).
In modern times[edit]
In Iran[edit]
Tower of Silence near Yazd, Iran. The building is no longer in use.
An early 20th century photograph of an Iranian tower of silence.
In the Iranian Zoroastrian tradition, the towers were built atop hills or low mountains in desert locations distant from population centers. In the early twentieth century, the Iranian Zoroastrians gradually discontinued their use and began to favour burial or cremation.
The decision to change the system was accelerated by three considerations: the first problem arose with the establishment of the Dar ul-Funun medical school. Since Islam considers unnecessary dissection of corpses as a form of mutilation, thus forbidding it, there were no corpses for study available through official channels. The towers were repeatedly broken into, much to the dismay and humiliation of the Zoroastrian community. Secondly, while the towers had been built away from population centers, the growth of the towns led to the towers now being within city limits. Finally, many of the Zoroastrians found the system outdated. Following long negotiations between the anjuman societies of Yazd, Kerman, and Tehran, the latter gained a majority and established a cemetery some 10 km from Tehran at Ghassr-e Firouzeh (Firouzeh's Palace). The graves were lined with rocks and plastered with cement to prevent direct contact with the earth. In Yazd and Kerman, in addition to cemeteries, orthodox Zoroastrians continued to maintain a tower until the 1970s when ritual exposure was prohibited by law.
In India[edit]
A late-19th-century engraving of a Zoroastrian Tower of Silence in Mumbai.
Following the rapid expansion of the Indian cities, the squat buildings are today in or near population centers, but separated from the metropolitan bustle by gardens or forests. In Parsi Zoroastrian tradition, exposure of the dead is also considered to be an individual's final act of charity, providing the birds with what would otherwise be destroyed.
In the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century the population of birds of prey on the Indian subcontinent declined (see Indian vulture crisis), by 99.9% as of 2008, primarily due to Diclofenac poisoning of the birds following the introduction of that drug for livestock in the 1990s,[7] until banned for cattle by the Indian government in 2006. The few surviving birds are often unable to fully consume the bodies.[8] In 2001, Parsi communities in India were evaluating captive breeding of vultures and the use of "solar concentrators" (which are essentially large mirrors) to accelerate decomposition.[9] Some have been forced to resort to burial, as the solar collectors work only in clear weather. Vultures used to dispose of a body in minutes, and no other method has proved fully effective.
The right to use the Towers of Silence is a much debated issue among the Parsi community (see Parsi for details). The facilities are usually managed by the anjumans, the predominantly conservative local Zoroastrian associations (usually having five priests on a nine-member board). In accordance with Indian statutes, these associations have domestic authority over trust properties and have the right to grant or restrict entry and use, with the result that the associations frequently prohibit the use by the offspring of a "mixed marriage", that is, where one parent is a Parsi and the other is not.
See also[edit]
Sky burial
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Boyce, Mary (1979), Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, London: Routledge, pp. 156–162 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Stausberg, Michael (2004), "Bestattungsanlagen", Die Religion Zarathushtras, 3, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, pp. 204–245 .
Jump up ^ Brodd, Jefferey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.
Jump up ^ Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji Modi (1928), The Funeral Ceremonies of the Parsees, Anthropological Society of Bombay
Jump up ^ Falk, Harry (1989), "Soma I and II", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (BSOAS), 52 (1): 77–90, doi:10.1017/s0041977x00023077
Jump up ^ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/herodotus-iii
Jump up ^ Tait, Malcolm (January 10, 2004), India's vulture population is facing catastrophic collapse and with it the sacrosanct corporeal passing of the Parsi dead, London: The Ecologist, archived from the original on September 27, 2007
Jump up ^ Swan, Gerry; et al. (2006), "Removing the threat of diclofenac to critically endangered Asian vultures", PLoS Biology, 4 (3): e66, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040066, PMC 1351921  , PMID 16435886
Jump up ^ Srivastava, Sanjeev (18 July 2001), "Parsis turn to solar power", BBC News South Asia
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Towers of Silence.
Vendidad Fargard 5, Purity Laws, as translated by James Darmesteter.
Extracts from
Wadia, Azmi (2002), "Evolution of the Towers of Silence and their Significance", in Godrej, Pheroza J.; Mistree, Firoza Punthakey, A Zoroastrian Tapestry, New York: Mapin
Kotwal, Firoze M.; Mistree, Khojeste P. (2002), "Protecting the Physical World", in Godrej, Pheroza J.; Mistree, Firoza Punthakey, A Zoroastrian Tapestry, New York: Mapin, pp. 337–365
Lucarelli, Fosco "Towers of Silence: Zoroastrian Architectures for the Ritual of Death", "Socks-Studio",Feb 9, 2012
Harris, Gardiner "Giving New Life to Vultures to Restore a Human Ritual of Death", "The New York Times", Nov 29, 2012
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Silence&oldid=844930115"
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I Love a Rainy Night
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"I Love a Rainy Night"
Single by Eddie Rabbitt
from the album Horizon
B-side
"Short Road to Love"
Released
November 8, 1980
Format
7"
Recorded
1980
Genre
Country rock
country pop
Length
3:08
Label
Elektra
Songwriter(s)
David Malloy
Eddie Rabbitt
Even Stevens
Producer(s)
David Malloy
Eddie Rabbitt singles chronology
"Drivin' My Life Away"
(1980) "I Love a Rainy Night"
(1980) "Step by Step"
(1981)
"Drivin' My Life Away"
(1980) "I Love a Rainy Night"
(1980) "Step by Step"
(1981)
Alternative cover
German album artwork of the 7" release
"I Love a Rainy Night" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in November 1980 as the second single from his album Horizon. It reached number one on the Hot Country Singles,[1] Billboard Hot 100, and Adult Contemporary Singles [2] charts in 1981. The song succeeded Dolly Parton's song "9 to 5" at the number 1 position on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart - the last time, to date, that the pop chart featured back-to-back country singles in the number one position. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy.
The song is featured on the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas on the K-Rose radio station, and on the TV show Family Guy in the episode "Padre de Familia" when Glenn Quagmire listens to music in his head. Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for both the original 1981 and 1993 releases of Urban Chipmunk. In the 1993 remake, Alvin sings this song for the rain to flood the house and wash away his homework.
Contents
[hide]
1 Song history
2 Chart performance
2.1 Charts
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Song history[edit]
According to music historian Fred Bronson, "I Love a Rainy Night" was 12 years in the making. Rabbitt had a collection of old tapes he kept in the basement of his home. While rummaging through the tapes one day in 1980, he heard a fragment of a song he had recorded one rainy night in the late 1960s.
"It brought back the memory of sitting in a small apartment, staring out the window at one o'clock in the morning, watching the rain come down," wrote Bronson in The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. "He sang into his tape recorder, 'I love a rainy night, I love a rainy night.'"
Upon rediscovery of the old lyrics, Rabbitt completed the song (with help from frequent songwriting partners Even Stevens and David Malloy) and recorded it.
The end result included vivid descriptions of a man's fondness for thunderstorms and the peace it brings him ("I love to hear the thunder/watch the lightnin' when it lights up the sky/you know it makes me feel good") and a renewed sense of hope the storms bring ("Showers wash all my cares away/I wake up to a sunny day").
The song's other mark of distinction is its rhythm pattern of alternating finger snaps and hand claps, which was included with the help of percussionist Farrell Morris, who — according to The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits — mixed two tracks of each to complete the record.
Chart performance[edit]
"I Love a Rainy Night" came in the midst of Rabbitt's peak popularity as a crossover artist. The follow-up to "Drivin' My Life Away" (No. 1 country, No. 5 Hot 100), the song was Rabbitt's only Hot 100 No. 1. However, he would continue having crossover success with the follow-ups "Step by Step" and "You and I" (the latter a duet with Crystal Gayle).
On Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart, it was his eighth out of 17 career chart toppers, spanning from 1976 through 1990.
"I Love a Rainy Night" was certified gold for sales of ½-million units by the Recording Industry Association of America.[3]
Charts[edit]
Chart (1980–81)
Peak
position
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 4
Canadian RPM Top Singles 11
New Zealand Singles Chart 8
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[4] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[5] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[6] 1
UK Singles Chart 53
See also[edit]
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1981
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 279.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 199.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Eddie Rabbitt Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Eddie Rabbitt Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Eddie Rabbitt Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Allmusic - I Love a Rainy Night by Eddie Rabbitt
Bronson, Fred, "The Billboard Book of Number One Hits" 5th ed. Billboard Publications, New York, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
Roland, Tom, "The Billboard Book of Number One Country Hits," Billboard Books, Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1991 (ISBN 0-8230-7553-2)
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"More Than I Can Say" by Leo Sayer Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one single
January 17, 1981 Succeeded by
"The Winner Takes It All" by ABBA
Preceded by
"I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink"
by Merle Haggard Billboard Hot Country Singles
number-one single
January 17, 1981 Succeeded by
"9 to 5"
by Dolly Parton
Preceded by
"9 to 5"
by Dolly Parton Billboard Hot 100
number-one single
February 28–March 7, 1981
[hide]
v
t
e
Eddie Rabbitt
Studio albums
Eddie Rabbitt
Rocky Mountain Music
Rabbitt
Variations
Loveline
Horizon
Step by Step
Radio Romance
The Best Year of My Life
Rabbitt Trax
I Wanna Dance with You
Jersey Boy
Ten Rounds
Beatin' the Odds
Songs from Rabbittland
Notable singles
"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)"
"Rocky Mountain Music"
"Two Dollars in the Jukebox"
"I Can't Help Myself"
"We Can't Go On Living Like This"
"Hearts on Fire"
"You Don't Love Me Anymore"
"I Just Want to Love You"
"Every Which Way But Loose"
"Suspicions"
"Pour Me Another Tequila"
"Gone Too Far"
"Drivin' My Life Away"
"I Love a Rainy Night"
"Step by Step"
"Someone Could Lose a Heart Tonight"
"I Don't Know Where to Start"
"You and I" (with Crystal Gayle)
"You Can't Run from Love"
"You Put the Beat in My Heart"
"Nothing Like Falling in Love"
"B-B-B-Burnin' Up with Love"
"The Best Year of My Life"
"Warning Sign"
"She's Comin' Back to Say Goodbye"
"A World Without Love"
"Repetitive Regret"
"Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)" (with Juice Newton)
"Gotta Have You"
"I Wanna Dance with You"
"The Wanderer"
"We Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right"
"That's Why I Fell in Love with You"
"On Second Thought"
"Runnin' with the Wind"
"It's Lonely Out Tonite"
"American Boy"
Related articles
Discography
"Kentucky Rain"
"Pure Love"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Love_a_Rainy_Night&oldid=821323105"
Categories:
1980 singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Eddie Rabbitt songs
Songs written by Eddie Rabbitt
Songs written by David Malloy
Song recordings produced by David Malloy
Elektra Records singles
Songs written by Even Stevens (songwriter)
1980 songs
Hidden categories:
Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows
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1774
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This article is about the year 1774.
Year
Millennium:
2nd millennium
Centuries:
17th century
18th century
19th century
Decades:
1750s
1760s
1770s
1780s
1790s
Years:
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1774 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Literature – Music
By country
Australia – Brazil – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
v
t
e
1774 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1774
MDCCLXXIV
Ab urbe condita 2527
Armenian calendar 1223
ԹՎ ՌՄԻԳ
Assyrian calendar 6524
Balinese saka calendar 1695–1696
Bengali calendar 1181
Berber calendar 2724
British Regnal year 14 Geo. 3 – 15 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar 2318
Burmese calendar 1136
Byzantine calendar 7282–7283
Chinese calendar 癸巳年 (Water Snake)
4470 or 4410
— to —
甲午年 (Wood Horse)
4471 or 4411
Coptic calendar 1490–1491
Discordian calendar 2940
Ethiopian calendar 1766–1767
Hebrew calendar 5534–5535
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat 1830–1831
- Shaka Samvat 1695–1696
- Kali Yuga 4874–4875
Holocene calendar 11774
Igbo calendar 774–775
Iranian calendar 1152–1153
Islamic calendar 1187–1188
Japanese calendar An'ei 3
(安永３年)
Javanese calendar 1699–1700
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar 4107
Minguo calendar 138 before ROC
民前138年
Nanakshahi calendar 306
Thai solar calendar 2316–2317
Tibetan calendar 阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
1900 or 1519 or 747
— to —
阳木马年
(male Wood-Horse)
1901 or 1520 or 748
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1774.
December 9: Start of the two month long Siege of Melilla
1774 (MDCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1774th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 774th year of the 2nd millennium, the 74th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1774, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Contents
[hide]
1 Events
1.1 January–March
1.2 April–June
1.3 July–September
1.4 October–December
1.5 Date unknown
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 References
5 Further reading
Events[edit]
Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War.

January–March[edit]
January 21 – Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I.[1]
January 27 – An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane.
February 3 – The Privy Council of the United Kingdom, as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder. [2]
February 6 – France's Parliament votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving him of all rights and duties of citizenship. [3]
February 7 – The volunteer fire company of Trenton, New Jersey, predecessor to the paid Trenton Fire Department created in 1892, is founded. In 1905, at 131 years, it claims to be the oldest continuously serving department in the U.S. [4]
February 24 – The Province of Massachusetts Bay House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed. [5]
March 10 — The Boston Journal makes the first reference to the "Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies." [6]
March 31 – Intolerable Acts: The British Parliament passes the Boston Port Act, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts as punishment for the Boston Tea Party. [6]
April–June[edit]
April 17 – The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by Theophilus Lindsey.
May 10 – Louis XVI becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather, Louis XV.[7]
May 17— The colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the Continental Congress. [6]
May 19 – Shakers Ann Lee and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for colonial America.
June 2 – Intolerable Acts: A new Quartering Act, requiring American colonists to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed. [6]
June 16/17 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island in the Pacific Ocean.
June 20 (June 9 O.S.) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) – Battle of Kozludzha: The Imperial Russian Army, led by Alexander Suvorov, routs numerically superior Ottoman Empire forces.
June 22 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio [6] and granting freedom of religion for Roman Catholics.
July–September[edit]
July 21 – Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Russian victory, ending six years of war. The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects.
August 1 – The element oxygen is discovered for the third (and last) time – the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771–1772) by Joseph Priestley, who publishes the fact in 1775, and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first).
August 6— Ann Lee and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York. [6]
September 1 – Powder Alarm: Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a magazine, causing Patriots to prepare for war.
September 4 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia.
September 5 – The First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia. [6]
September 15 – Yemelyan Pugachev, leader of Pugachev's Rebellion against Russia by the Yaik Cossacks is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk now Oral, Kazakhstan. [8]
September 21 – George Mason and George Washington found the Fairfax County Militia Association, a military unit independent of British control.
September 29 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's semi-autobiographical epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the Sturm und Drang movement and Romanticism.
October–December[edit]
October 10
Dunmore's War – Battle of Point Pleasant: Cornstalk is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the Treaty of Camp Charlotte, ceding Shawnee land claims south of the Ohio (modern Kentucky) to Virginia.
English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Norfolk Island in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date.
October 14 — The Continental Congress adopts the first "Declaration of Rights", with 10 principles. [6]
October 20 — Theater performances in the colonies halt on recommendation of the Continental Congress that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments." [6]
October 21 – The word Liberty is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts, in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.
October 25 – The Edenton Tea Party takes place in North Carolina, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause.
October 26 - The first Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia
November 4—
The Maryland Jockey Club follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution. [9]
November 10— Voting for the House of Commons concludes in the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Lord North retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats. Henry Seymour Conway's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats.
November 15— The government of the Republic of Venice allows adventurer and ladies' man Giacomo Casanova to return home after a 17-year absence. [10]
November 20— Daniel Boone retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote full time to establishing a settlement in Kentucky. [11]
November 25— Salawat Yulayev, the leader of the Bashkirs rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection. [12]
November 26— English chemist Joseph Priestley becomes the first person to discover and identify sulfur dioxide. [13]
November 27— Spanish Navy Captain Domingo de Bonechea arrives at Tahiti in the ship Aguila and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith. [14]
November 30—
Thomas Paine, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence. [15]
Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by King George III and Prime Minister North. [16]
December 1— A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies. [17]
December 6— Archduchess Maria Theresa, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12. [18]
December 9— The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco, Mohammed ben Abdallah, attack the North African, Spanish colony of Melilla (which remains a part of Spain today. [19]
December 23— King Louis XVI of France issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during Lent" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat." [20]
Date unknown[edit]
To avoid severe flooding, Martinsborough, North Carolina is moved to higher ground 3 miles (4.8 km) west. The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Martinsborough as the new seat of Pitt County, 3 years after its founding.
German cobbler Johann Birkenstock creates the first Birkenstock sandals.
A revision of the laws of cricket introduces a leg before wicket rule.
Births[edit]
February 11
Hans Järta, Swedish political activist, administrator (d. 1847)
Maxim Gauci, Maltese lithographer (d. 1854)
February 24 – Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1850)
March 9 – Mayhew Folger, whaler, captain of Topaz, rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in 1808 (d. 1828)
Matthew Flinders
March 16 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer (d. 1814)
April 21 – Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (d.1862)
April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838)
April 28 – Francis Baily, English astronomer (d. 1844)
May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer (d. 1857)
June 21 – Daniel D. Tompkins, 6th Vice President of the United States (d. 1825)
July 20 – Auguste de Marmont, French marshal (d. 1852)
August 12 – Robert Southey, English poet and biographer (d. 1843)
August 18 – Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809)
August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821)
Caspar David Friedrich
September 5 – Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
September 19 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal, linguist (d. 1849)
September 26 – Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman), American nurseryman/missionary, planted apple-tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois (d. 1847)
December 2 – François-André Baudin, French admiral (d. 1842)
December 12 – William Henry (chemist), English chemist (d. 1836)
date unknown
Sergei Nikolayevich Glinka – Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)
Lalon Fakir – Undivided Indian mystic, song composer who influenced Rabindranath Tagore (d. 1890)
Deaths[edit]
Mustafa III
January 21 – Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1717)
January 30 – František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704)
February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician, geographer (b. 1701)
February 10 – Florian Leopold Gassmann, German composer (b. 1729)
March 30 – Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (b. 1721)
April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Irish writer (b. 1728)
April 24 – Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745)
May 4 – Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1714)
Louis XV of France
May 10 – King Louis XV of France (b. 1710)
July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (b. 1705)
July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeler (b. 1714)
July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-born New York pioneer
July 14 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, British field marshal (b. 1682)
August 11 – Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716)
August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
Pope Clement XIV
September 22 – Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)
September 25 – John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714)
October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (b. 1750)
October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715)
October 26 – Roemer Vlacq II, Dutch vice-admiral (b. 1712)
November 22 – Robert Clive, British general, statesman (b. 1725)
November 25 – Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698)
December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720)
December 16 – François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694)
date unknown
Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason
Margaret Calderwood, British diarist (b. 1715)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Historical Events for Year 1774 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
Jump up ^ Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (University of North Carolina Press Books, 2011) p32
Jump up ^ "Beaumarchais", in The Cornhill Magazine (August 1884) p142
Jump up ^ "Fire News of the Week", in Fire and Water Engineering (December 9, 1905) p337
Jump up ^ Clifford Kenyon Shipton, New England Life in the Eighteenth Century: Representative Biographies from Sibley's Harvard Graduates (Harvard University Press, 1995) p324
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Gordon Carruth, ed., The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp80-82
Jump up ^ "What Happened in 1774; History-Page.com". History-page.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
Jump up ^ Robert K. Massie, Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman (Random House, 2011) p406
Jump up ^ Ann Fairfax Withington, Toward a More Perfect Union: Virtue and the Formation of American Republics (Oxford University Press, 1996) p197
Jump up ^ "Giacomo Casanova", by Mattia Begali, in Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies (Taylor & Francis, 2007) p402
Jump up ^ Robert Morgan, Boone: A Biography (Algonquin Books, 2008) p152
Jump up ^ Charles R. Steinwedel, Threads of Empire: Loyalty and Tsarist Authority in Bashkiria, 1552–1917 (Indiana University Press, 2016) p73
Jump up ^ Joe Jackson, A World on Fire: A Heretic, an Aristocrat, and the Race to Discover Oxygen (Penguin, 2007) p114
Jump up ^ Robert W. Kirk, Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520-1920 (McFarland, 2012) p27
Jump up ^ Richard R. Beeman, Our Lives, Our Fortunes and Our Sacred Honor: The Forging of American Independence, 1774-1776 (Basic Books, 2013) p xi
Jump up ^ William Edward Hartpole Lecky, A History of England in the Eighteenth Century, Volume 3 (D. Appleton and Company, 1891) p456
Jump up ^ Spencer Tucker, Almanac of American Military History (ABC-CLIO, 2013) p211
Jump up ^ James B. Collins and Karen L. Taylor, Early Modern Europe: Issues and Interpretations (John Wiley & Sons, 2008) p57
Jump up ^ Karen Racine, Francisco de Miranda, a Transatlantic Life in the Age of Revolution (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) p13
Jump up ^ Jennifer J. Davis, Defining Culinary Authority: The Transformation of Cooking in France, 1650-1830 {LSU Press, 2013)

Further reading[edit]
John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1774". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1774&oldid=844115960"
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Ottoman Sultan

values: Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

values: Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

values:
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http://www.history-page.com/en/v4/y1774

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1774 – Afrikaans
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1774 – Abkhazian
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1774 – Arabic
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1774 – Aragonese
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1774 – Asturian
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1774 – Azerbaijani
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1774 – Basa Banyumasan
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1774 – Belarusian
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1774 – Central Bikol
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1774 – Bulgarian
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1774 – Bavarian
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1774. – Bosnian
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1774 – Breton
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1774 – Catalan
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1774 – Chuvash
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1774 – Czech
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1774 – Welsh
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1774 – Danish
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1774 – Northern Sami
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1774 – German
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1774 – Estonian
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1774 – Greek
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1774 – Emiliano-Romagnolo
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1774 – Spanish
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1774 – Esperanto
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1774 – Basque
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1774 – Fiji Hindi
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1774 – Faroese
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1774 – French
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1774 – Western Frisian
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1774 – Friulian
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1774 – Irish
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1774 – Scottish Gaelic
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1774 – Galician
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1774 – Upper Sorbian
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1774. – Croatian
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1774 – Ido
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1774 – Iloko
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1774 – Indonesian
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1774 – Interlingua
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1774 – Icelandic
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1774 – Italian
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1774 – Hebrew
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1774 – Javanese
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1774 – Georgian
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1774 – Kashubian
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1774 – Kyrgyz
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1774 – Latin
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1774 – Luxembourgish
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1774 – Limburgish
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1774 – Livvi-Karelian
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1774 – Lombard
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1774 – Hungarian
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1774 – Macedonian
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1774 – Malagasy
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1774 – Malay
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1774 – Minangkabau
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1774 – Nāhuatl
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1774 – Dutch
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1774 – Norwegian
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1774 – Norwegian Nynorsk
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1774 – Low German
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1774 – Polish
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1774 – Portuguese
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1774 – Crimean Turkish
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1774 – Romanian
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1774 – Quechua
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1774 – Rusyn
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1774 – Northern Sotho
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1774 – Albanian
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1774 – Sicilian
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1774 – Simple English
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1774 – Slovak
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1774 – Slovenian
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1774 – Serbian
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1774 – Serbo-Croatian
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1774 – Sundanese
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1774 – Finnish
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1774 – Swedish
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1774 – Tagalog
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1774 – Tamil
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1774 – Telugu
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1774 – Turkish
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1774 – Turkmen
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1774 – Ukrainian
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1774 – Venetian
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1774 – Vietnamese
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1774 – Volapük
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1774 – Walloon
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1774 – West Flemish
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1774 – Yiddish
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1774 – Yoruba
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https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1774
1774 – Zazaki
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