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Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)
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Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Phil Lord
Christopher Miller
Produced by
Pam Marsden
Written by
Phil Lord
Christopher Miller
Based on
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
by Judi Barrett and Ron Barrett
Starring
Bill Hader
Anna Faris
James Caan
Andy Samberg
Bruce Campbell
Bobb'e J. Thompson
Mr. T
Benjamin Bratt
Neil Patrick Harris
Music by
Mark Mothersbaugh
Edited by
Robert Fisher Jr.
Production
company
Sony Pictures Animation
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
September 12, 2009 (2009-09-12) (Los Angeles)[1]
September 18, 2009 (2009-09-18) (United States)
Running time
90 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$100 million[2]
Box office
$243 million[2]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a 2009 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film loosely based on the 1978 children's book of the same name by Judi and Ron Barrett. It was produced by Sony Pictures Animation, and released by Columbia Pictures on September 18, 2009. The film features the voices of Bill Hader, Anna Faris, Bruce Campbell, James Caan, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Andy Samberg, Mr. T, Benjamin Bratt, Neil Patrick Harris, Al Roker, Lauren Graham, and Will Forte. It was written and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. It was a critical and commercial success, earning $243 million worldwide on a budget of $100 million.[2] A sequel, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, was released on September 27, 2013. A television series based on the film with the same title premiered on February 20, 2017, on Cartoon Network.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
4.1 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Home media
5.2 Art book
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
7 Expanded franchise
7.1 Sequel
7.2 Television series
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Flint Lockwood is a wannabe-scientist who lives in Swallow Falls, a tiny island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean that has sardines as the base of its economy. Flint lives with Tim, his widowed technophobic father who misunderstands his son's talent, and his pet monkey, Steve. Despite Flint's zealous enthusiasm, his inventions, including spray-on shoes, a remote controlled television, rat birds, hair-un-balder, and a flying car, all ended in failure. Flint states that his dream was to help his hometown and that Swallow Falls used to be famous for sardines until the popular Baby Brent Sardine cannery went out of business permanently.
Flint then invents a machine that transforms water into food, called the "Flint Lockwood Diatonic Super Mutating Dynamic Food Replicator" (FLDSMDFR). Flint turns on the FLDSMDFR in his laboratory, but ends up overloading the house's electrical supply. He then decides to power the machine by hooking it up to a nearby power plant. When he turns the machine back on, it ends up rocketing through town, causing widespread damage, ultimately shooting up into the sky. While recovering from his failure, Flint meets Samantha "Sam" Sparks, a weather intern whose big break was foiled by Flint's actions. Their conversation is cut short when rainbow colored clouds float over the town and begin to rain cheeseburgers.
The town rejoices in their renewed food choices, and Flint creates a communication device to send orders to the machine and order it to create different types of food. Swallow Falls (now renamed Chewandswallow) suddenly becomes a successful "food tourism" destination. Everything is going well until the townsfolk start greedily requesting food from Flint's machine. Flint notices that the food is beginning to grow larger in size. Although he is concerned that the food is starting to "over mutate", the now morbidly obese mayor sees it as profitable for him and the city, and guilts Flint into continuing to make food rain.
Citizens and worldly tourists in Chewandswallow are blissful until suddenly a large tornado formed of spaghetti and meatballs threatens the town. Flint rushes to his lab to turn the FLDSMDFR off and attempts to send a "kill code" to stop the machine, but the mayor, while trying to stop him by throwing a giant radish at him, accidentally destroys the communication device before he can do it. With Flint unable to control the machine, a massive food storm is created which threatens the world. When Flint's father encourages him to fix the mess, Flint gains self-confidence, places the kill code in a USB flash drive, and builds a new flying car to reach and deactivate the FLDSMDFR, with the aid of Sam, her cameraman Manny, Steve and Brent (namesake of the Baby Brent Sardine cannery).
As they approach the machine in the sky, they find that it is now at the core of a giant meatball, where clouds go in the top and a food hurricane goes out the bottom. The machine sends living food to attack them. In the chaos, the flash drive with the kill code is sucked by the wind out the window.
Back at Chewandswallow, the citizens and tourists escape while the last leftovers fall. Mt. Leftovers collapses, causing an avalanche of food that destroys the town. Despite the avalanche ravaging Flint's Lab, Tim manages to re-send the kill code to Flint's cell phone from there. Flint then goes inside the meatball, finds the machine, and connects the phone to a port. To his dismay, Flint discovers that Tim sent him the wrong file, so he is unable to stop the FLDSMDFR. Flint then gets an idea and uses his Spray-On Shoes formula on the machine, causing it to explode. With the machine destroyed, the food storm subsides and everyone is able to return safely to Chewandswallow. Tim finally shows his appreciation for his son and his inventions before Flint and Sam celebrate with a kiss. Meanwhile, the obese mayor is seen stranded in the middle of the sea, having eaten nearly all of his peanut butter and jelly sandwich boat, while muttering that his plans were not well thought out.
Cast[edit]
Bill Hader as Flint Lockwood, an inventor. Hader also did the voice of the "FLDSMDFR" machine.
Max Neuwirth as Young Flint Lockwood
Anna Faris as Samantha "Sam" Sparks, a weather intern from New York City.
James Caan as Tim Lockwood, Flint's technophobic, widowed father.
Neil Patrick Harris as Steve the Monkey, Flint's pet vervet monkey who communicates using a Speak and Spell monkey thought translator.
Bruce Campbell as Mayor Shelbourne, the gluttonous and egotistical mayor of Swallow Falls.
Andy Samberg as Brent McHale, an infamous celebrity mascot of Baby Brent's Sardines.
Mr. T as Officer Earl Devereaux, the town's athletic cop.
Bobb'e J. Thompson as Calvin "Cal" Devereaux, Earl's son.
Benjamin Bratt as Manny, Sam's Guatemalan cameraman and a former doctor, co-pilot, and comedian.
Al Roker as Patrick Patrickson, the anchorman of the weather station.
Lauren Graham as Fran Lockwood, Flint's mother who died ten years before Flint invented the FLDSMDFR.
Will Forte as Joe Towne, a redneck citizen of Chewandswallow.
Production[edit]
On May 9, 2003, a year after establishment, Sony Pictures Animation announced its first animated slate, including Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, a film adaptation of the book. The Brizzi brothers were brought to direct the film, with Wayne Rice adapting the screenplay.[3] In 2006, it was reported that the film had been helmed by new directors and writers, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller.[4] On September 18, 2008, Variety announced that Bill Hader and Anna Faris had signed on to voice the two lead characters, with James Caan, Bruce Campbell, Mr. T, Andy Samberg, Neil Patrick Harris, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Benjamin Bratt, Al Roker, Lauren Graham and Will Forte also in the voice cast.[5] Co-writers and co-directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller said later that year that it would be a homage to, and a parody of, disaster films such as Twister, Armageddon, The Core, and The Day After Tomorrow.[6] Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is the second film (after Monster House) made using animation rendering software Arnold.[7]
Music[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
Soundtrack album by Mark Mothersbaugh
Released
September 15, 2009
Recorded
2009
Genre
Film score
Film soundtrack
Length
65:16
Label
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Producer
Mark Mothersbaugh
Mark Mothersbaugh chronology
Fanboys
(2009)Fanboys2009 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
(2009) Ramona and Beezus
(2010)Ramona and Beezus2010
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a soundtrack to the film of the same name, released under Sony Pictures Entertainment on September 15, 2009. The music of the film and this album are both credited to be composed and produced by American composer Mark Mothersbaugh of Devo.
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Mark Mothersbaugh, except where noted.
[show]Track listing
No.
Title
Performer
Length
1. "Raining Sunshine" (Matthew Gerrard, Jay Landers, Charlie Midnight) Miranda Cosgrove 3:44
2. "Swallow Falls" 0:47
3. "Introducing Flint" 4:16
4. "The Latest Invention" 1:23
5. "The Mayor/Earl Warns Flint" 1:17
6. "Sam's Big Break" 0:50
7. "Powering Up" 1:05
8. "Failure Again" 1:54
9. "Meatier Shower" 3:10
10. "A Father's Love" 1:19
11. "Ice Cream Wonderland" 1:22
12. "Snowball!" 1:15
13. "The Mayor's Big Plan" 1:16
14. "Activation and the Jell-O Dome" 1:39
15. "Sam and Flint Bond" 2:00
16. "Doubting Dad/Mutations" 2:57
17. "The Spaghetti Twister" 3:08
18. "Aftermath" 2:26
19. "Flint's Determination" 2:44
20. "The Food Storm" 2:08
21. "The Mission Begins" 2:36
22. "Outside the Meatball" 1:57
23. "Inside the Meatball" 1:39
24. "Earl Takes Charge" 2:00
25. "Sentient Chickens" 2:42
26. "Worldwide Chaos" 0:57
27. "Anaphylactic Love" 1:41
28. "Attack of the Gummi Bears" 1:40
29. "Here's the Cheese" 1:25
30. "The Heart of the Meatball" 1:17
31. "Spray-On Triumph" 1:55
32. "Flint Returns" 3:31
33. "Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows" (Marvin Hamlisch, Howard Liebling) Lesley Gore 1:37
Total length: 65:16
Release[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs premiered on September 12, 2009, at the Mann Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California.[1] The film had its wide release on September 18, 2009, along with a digitally re-mastered release to IMAX 3D theatres.[8]
Home media[edit]
The film was released on DVD, Blu-ray and PSP UMD on January 5, 2010 in the United States and Canada.[9][10] A 3D Blu-ray was released on June 22, 2010. It was the first 3D Blu-ray sold individually in the United States.[11]
Art book[edit]
In August 2009, Insight Editions published a companion book to the film called The Art and Making of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.[12][13]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 87% of critics gave positive reviews based on 139 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10. The consensus statement reads, "Quirky humor, plucky characters and solid slapstick make this family comedy a frenetically tasty time at the movies."[14] Another review aggretator, Metacritic, which normalizes a rating from mainstream critics, gave the film an approval rating of 66 based on 24 reviews.[15] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[16]
Ernest Hardy of LA Weekly stated the film "is smart, insightful on a host of relationship dynamics, and filled with fast-paced action". Hardy also applauded the 3-D effects which "are wonderful, full of witty sight gags that play out both center-screen and on the periphery".[17] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film a mixed review stating that "Crazy doesn't always equal funny, and the gigantism of this 3-D offering's second half puts a damper on your enjoyment. But look: This film wasn't made for you, or me. It was made for dangerously, easily distracted 9-year-olds."[18] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film two stars stating that the animated film "greatly expands on the kids' book on which it's based in a clever and engaging first half. But the second half leaves a foul aftertaste."[19] Animator John Kricfalusi, known for his generally negative opinions on modern animation, did a review of the film on his blog, saying that "It was an optimistic portent of what could be. It's basically an undirected film—but one that allowed many of the artists to take nothing scenes and add some kind of cleverness, design and action to the formulaic events being told by the story."[20]
Box office[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs earned a total of $243 million on a reported budget of $100 million. Of the gross, 51%, or $124,870,275, came from the domestic market, while the rest, $118,135,851, from other territories.[2] For the film's marketing, Sony spent $43.3 million in the United States, and $26 million in other countries.[21] The film earned $8,137,358 on its opening Friday, and ranked #1 at the box office with a total of $30.3 million for the first weekend.[22] On its second weekend, it remained at #1 with a decrease of only 17%.[23] It currently holds the record for third largest-opening weekend in the month of September.[2]
Accolades[edit]
Group
Category
Recipient
Result
Annie Awards[24] Animated Effects Tom Kluyskens Nominated
Best Animated Feature
Nominated
Directing in a Feature Production Phil Lord and Christopher Miller Nominated
Writing in a Feature Production Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[25] Best Animated Feature
Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[26] Best Animated Feature Film
Nominated
Satellite Awards[27] Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Nominated
Visual Effects Society Awards[28] Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
Outstanding Effects Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
Expanded franchise[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (franchise)
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2
A sequel, titled Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, was released on September 27, 2013. Directed by Cody Cameron and Kris Pearn, and it is based on an original idea, where Flint and his friends must again save the world from the food machine, this time producing living food beasts.[29] Most of the main cast reprised their roles, with Terry Crews replacing Mr. T. New cast also includes Kristen Schaal as orangutan Barb, and Will Forte in his new role of Chester V.[30]
Television series[edit]
Main article: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (TV series)
On October 9, 2014, DHX Media announced that it will develop and produce a television series based on the film franchise, titled Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs: The Series.[31] The series will be traditionally animated and will consist of 26 22-minute episodes.[31] It will take place before the first film, showing Flint Lockwood as a high school student who dreams of becoming a serious scientist.[31] In his adventures, he will be joined by Sam Sparks, a new girl in town and the school's "wannabe" reporter, along with Flint's dad Tim, Steve the Monkey, Manny as the head of the school's audiovisual club, Earl as a school gym teacher, Brent as a baby wear model, and mayor Shelbourne.[31] DHX Media will handle the global television and non-US home entertainment distribution, along with worldwide merchandising rights, while Sony will distribute home entertainment in the US.[31] Commissioned by Teletoon in Canada, the series will air on Cartoon Network in the United States,[32] and on the Boomerang channel in other territories.[33]
See also[edit]
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (video game), based on the film.
Real life food spill disasters
Boston Molasses Disaster
Honolulu molasses spill
London Beer Flood
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "L.A. Premiere of ‘Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs’/". Hollywood.com. September 12, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Ball, Ryan (May 9, 2003). "Sony Taps Six to Direct Animates Slate". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (August 16, 2006). "Sony Forecasts 'Chance of Meatballs'". Zap2it. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana (September 18, 2008). "Hader, Faris spice up 'Meatballs". Variety. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sloan, Sam (August 16, 2006). "It's Raining.........Food?". Slice of SciFi. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bharwani, Asim (July 2009). "Sneak Peek: 'Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs'". MovingPicturesMagazine.com. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ IMAX Corporation (July 29, 2009). "Sony Pictures Animation's Cloudy With A Chance of Meatballs to be released in IMAX(R) 3D". PR Newswire. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemiroff, Perri (November 27, 2009). "Cloudy With A Chance Of Meatballs Pours Onto DVD In January". Cinema Blend. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ McCutcheon, David (November 9, 2009). "Meatballs Cloud Up Home". IGN. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Calonge, Juan (June 10, 2010). "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 3D Blu-ray Announced". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Silver, Curtis (October 21, 2009). "Get Visual With the Art of Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs". Wired. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Art and Making of Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Hardcover)". Amazon.com. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Hardy, Ernest (September 16, 2009). "Movie Reviews: Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs, Jennifer's Body, Love Happens". LA Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (September 17, 2009). "'Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs' -- 2 1/2 stars". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Smith, Kyle (September 18, 2009). "Forecast: Fishy". New York Post. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kricfalusi, John (21 September 2009). "John K Stuff: Review Of Meatballs". John K Stuff. Blogspot. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Litt, Stefan (November 26, 2013). "Smurfs 3". WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (September 21, 2009). "Weekend Report: Moviegoers Feast on 'Meatballs,' Slim Pickings for 'Jennifer'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (September 28, 2009). "Weekend Report: Blue Skies for 'Cloudy,' Hazy Starts for 'Surrogates,' 'Fame'". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "37th Annual Annie Nominations and Awards Recipients". AnnieAwards.org. Archived from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "15TH ANNUAL CRITICS CHOICE MOVIE AWARDS (2010) – BEST PICTURE: THE HURT LOCKER". CriticsChoice.com. November 21, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "THE 67TH ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS NOMINATIONS". GoldenGlobes.org. December 15, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2009 Satellite Awards". PressAcademy.com. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "8th Annual VES Awards". VisualEffectsSociety.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sony Pictures Animation (August 21, 2012). "Delicious Voice Cast Storms In To 'Cloudy 2: Revenge Of The Leftovers'". PR Newswire. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Breznican, Anthony (August 21, 2012). "CAUTION: Food may eat YOU in 'Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs' sequel -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "DHX MEDIA AND SONY PICTURES ANIMATION TAKING CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MEATBALLS TO TELEVISION" (Press release). DHX Media. October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sony Pictures Animation (June 20, 2016). "Sony Pictures Animation Announces 2017 & 2018 Slate" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ DHX Media (October 5, 2015). "DHX Media and Sony Pictures Animation's Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs TV Series Goes Global" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)
Official website
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs on IMDb
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at AllMovie
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Rotten Tomatoes
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Metacritic
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs at Box Office Mojo
[show]
v
t
e
Sony Pictures Animation
Feature films
Computer-animated
Open Season (2006)
Surf's Up (2007)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)
Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 (2013)
Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)
The Emoji Movie (2017)
Live-action/animated
The Smurfs (2011)
The Smurfs 2 (2013)
Goosebumps (2015)
Produced with Aardman Animations
Arthur Christmas (2011)
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (2012)
Upcoming films
The Star (2017)
Peter Rabbit (2018)
Hotel Transylvania 3 (2018)
Goosebumps: Horrorland (2018)
Untitled animated Spider-Man film (2018)
Direct-to-video
Open Season 2 (2009)
Open Season 3 (2011)
Open Season: Scared Silly (2016)
Surf's Up 2: WaveMania (2017)
Television series
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2017–)
Hotel Transylvania: The Series (2017–)
Ghostbusters: Ecto Force (2018)
Short films
The ChubbChubbs! (2002)
Early Bloomer (2003)
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run (2007)
The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas (2007)
The Smurfs: A Christmas Carol (2011)
So You Want to Be a Pirate! (2012)
Goodnight Mr. Foot (2012)
The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow (2013)
Super Manny (2013)
Earl Scouts (2013)
Steve's First Bath (2014)
Attack of the 50-Foot Gummi Bear (2014)
Puppy! (2017)
Franchises
Open Season (2006–present)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009–present)
The Smurfs (2011–present)
Hotel Transylvania (2012–present)
See also
Sony Pictures Imageworks
Cartoon Hangover
Screen Gems Cartoons
[show]
v
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Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Films directed
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)
21 Jump Street (2012)
The Lego Movie (2014)
22 Jump Street (2014)
Untitled Han Solo film (2018)
Films produced
Brigsby Bear (2017)
The Lego Batman Movie (2017)
The Lego Ninjago Movie (2017)
Untitled animated Spider-Man film (2018)
Television series created
Clone High (2002–2003)
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Book of Hosea
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The Book of Hosea is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible. According to the traditional order of most Hebrew Bibles, it is the first of the twelve Minor Prophets.
Set around the fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, the Book of Hosea denounces the worship of gods other than Yahweh, metaphorically comparing Israel’s abandonment of Yahweh to a woman being unfaithful to her husband. According to the book’s narrative, the relationship between Hosea and his unfaithful wife Gomer is comparable to the relationship between Yahweh and his unfaithful people Israel. The eventual reconciliation of Hosea and Gomer is treated as a hopeful metaphor for the eventual reconciliation between Yahweh and Israel.
Contents
1 Background and content
2 Summary
2.1 General outline
2.2 A summary of Hosea's Story
3 Interpretation and context
4 Contribution
5 Notes
6 External links
Background and content[edit]
Hosea (הושֵעַ) prophesied during a dark and melancholic era of Israel's history, the period of the Northern Kingdom's decline and fall in the 8th century BC. According to the book, the apostasy of the people was rampant, having turned away from God in order to serve both the calves of Jeroboam[1] and Baal, a Canaanite god.[2]
The Book of Hosea says that, during Hosea's lifetime, the kings of the Northern Kingdom, their aristocratic supporters, and the priests had led the people away from the Law of God, as given in the Pentateuch. It says that they forsook the worship of God; they worshiped other gods, especially Baal, the Canaanite storm god, and Asherah, a Canaanite fertility god. Other sins followed, says the Book, including homicide, perjury, theft, and sexual sin.[3] Hosea declares that unless they repent of these sins, God will allow their nation to be destroyed, and the people will be taken into captivity by Assyria,[4] the greatest nation of the time.
The prophecy of Hosea centers around God's unending love towards a sinful Israel. In this text, God's agony is expressed over the betrayal of Israel.[5][6][7] Stephen Cook asserts that the prophetic efforts of this book can be summed up in this passage "I have been the Lord your God ever since the land of Egypt; you know no God but me, and besides me there is no savior" (Hosea 13:4) Hosea's job was to speak these words during a time when they had been essentially forgotten.[2]
Summary[edit]
The Book of Hosea contains a number of YHWH prophecies and messages for both Judah and Northern Israel (Samaria). These are delivered by the prophet Hosea.
General outline[edit]
A brief outline of the concepts presented in the Book of Hosea exist below:
Chapters 1–2; Account of Hosea's marriage with Gomer biographically which is a metaphor for the relationship with YHWH and Israel.
Chapter 3; Account of Hosea's marriage autobiographically. This is possibly a marriage to different women
Chapters 4–14:9/14:10; Oracle judging Israel, Ephraim in particular, for not living up to the covenant.
No further breakdown of ideas is clear in 4–14:9/14:10.[8] Following this, the prophecy is made that someday this will all be changed, that God will indeed have pity on Israel.
Chapter two describes a divorce. This divorce seems to be the end of the covenant between God and the Northern Kingdom. However, it is probable that this was again a symbolic act, in which Hosea divorced Gomer for infidelity, and used the occasion to preach the message of God's rejection of the Northern Kingdom. He ends this prophecy with the declaration that God will one day renew the covenant, and will take Israel back in love.
In Chapter three, at God's command, Hosea seeks out Gomer once more. Either she has sold herself into slavery for debt, or she is with a lover who demands money in order to give her up, because Hosea has to buy her back. He takes her home, but refrains from sexual intimacy with her for many days, to symbolize the fact that Israel will be without a king for many years, but that God will take Israel back, even at a cost to Himself.
Chapters 4–14 spell out the allegory at length. Chapters 1–3 speaks of Hosea's family, and the issues with Gomer. Chapters 4–10 contain a series of oracles, or prophetic sermons, showing exactly why God is rejecting the Northern Kingdom (what the grounds are for the divorce). Chapter 11 is God's lament over the necessity of giving up the Northern Kingdom, which is a large part of the people of Israel, whom God loves. God promises not to give them up entirely. Then, in Chapter 12, the prophet pleads for Israel's repentance. Chapter 13 foretells the destruction of the kingdom at the hands of Assyria, because there has been no repentance. In Chapter 14, the prophet urges Israel to seek forgiveness, and promises its restoration, while urging the utmost fidelity to God.
Matthew 2:13 cites Hosea's prophecy in Hosea 11:1 that God would call His Son out of Egypt as foretelling the flight into Egypt and return to Israel of Joseph, Maria, and the infant Jesus.
The capital of the Northern Kingdom fell in 722 BC. All the members of the upper classes and many of the ordinary people were taken captive and carried off to live as prisoners of war.
A summary of Hosea's Story[edit]
First, Hosea was directed by God to marry a promiscuous woman of ill-repute, and he did so. Marriage here is symbolic of the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. However, Israel has been unfaithful to God by following other gods and breaking the commandments which are the terms of the covenant, hence Israel is symbolized by a harlot who violates the obligations of marriage to her husband.
Second, Hosea and his wife, Gomer, have a son. God commands that the son be named Jezreel. This name refers to a valley in which much blood had been shed in Israel's history, especially by the kings of the Northern Kingdom. (See I Kings 21 and II Kings 9:21–35). The naming of this son was to stand as a prophecy against the reigning house of the Northern Kingdom, that they would pay for that bloodshed. Jezreel's name means God Sows.
Third, the couple have a daughter. God commands that she be named Lo-ruhamah; Unloved, or, Pity or Pitied On to show Israel that, although God will still have pity on the Southern Kingdom, God will no longer have pity on the Northern Kingdom; its destruction is imminent. In the NIV translation, the omitting of the word 'him' leads to speculation as to whether Lo-Ruhamah was the daughter of Hosea or one of Gomer's lovers. James Mays, however, says that the failure to mention Hosea's paternity is "hardly an implication" of Gomer's adultery.[9]
Fourth, a son is born to Gomer. It is questionable whether this child was Hosea's, for God commands that his name be Lo-ammi. The child bore this name of shame to show that the Northern Kingdom would also be shamed, for its people would no longer be known as God's People. In other words, the Northern Kingdom had been rejected by God.
Interpretation and context[edit]
In Hosea 2, the woman in the marriage metaphor could be Hosea’s wife Gomer, or could be referring to the nation of Israel, invoking the metaphor of Israel as God's bride. The woman is not portrayed in a positive light. This is reflected throughout the beginning of Hosea 2. “I will strip her naked and expose her as in the day she was born” (Hosea 2:3). “Upon her children I will have no pity, because they are children of whoredom” (Hosea 2:4). “For she said, I will go after my lovers...” (Hosea 2:5).
Biblical scholar Ehud Ben Zvi reminds readers of the socio-historical context in which Hosea was composed. In his article Observations on the marital metaphor of YHWH and Israel in its ancient Israelite context: general considerations and particular images in Hosea 1.2, Ben Zvi describes the role of the Gomer in the marriage metaphor as one of the "central attributes of the ideological image of a human marriage that was shared by the male authorship and the primary and intended male readership as building blocks for their imagining of the relationship."[10]
Tristanne J. Connolly makes a similar observation, stating that the husband-wife motif reflects marriage as it was understood at the time.[11] Connolly also suggests that in context the marriage metaphor was necessary in that it truly exemplified the unequal interaction between Yahweh and the people Israel.[12] Biblical scholar Michael D. Coogan describes the importance of understanding the covenant in relation to interpreting Hosea. According to Coogan, Hosea falls under a unique genre called “covenant lawsuit” where God accuses Israel of breaking their previously made agreement. God’s disappointment towards Israel is therefore expressed through the broken marriage covenant made between husband and wife.[13]
Brad E. Kelle has referred to 'many scholars' finding references to cultic sexual practices in the worship of Baal, in Hosea 2, to be evidence of an historical situation in which Israelites were either giving up Yahweh worship for Baal, or blending the two. Hosea's references to sexual acts being metaphors for Israelite 'apostasy'.[14]
Hosea 13:1–3 describes how the Israelites are abandoning Yahweh for the worship of Baal, and accuses them of making or using molten images for 'idol' worship. Chief among these was the image of the bull at the northern shrine of Bethel, which by the time of Hosea was being worshipped as an image of Baal.[15]
Contribution[edit]
Hosea is believed to be the first prophet to use marriage as a metaphor of the covenant between God and Israel, and he influenced latter prophets such as Jeremiah. He is among the first writing prophets, and the last chapter of Hosea has a format similar to wisdom literature.
Like Amos, Hosea elevated the religion of Israel to the altitude of ethical monotheism, being the first to emphasize the moral side of God's nature. Israel's faithlessness, which resisted all warnings, compelled Him to punish the people because of His own holiness. Hosea considers infidelity as the chief sin, of which Israel, the adulterous wife, has been guilty against her loving husband, God. Against this he sets the unquenchable love of God, who, in spite of this infidelity, does not cast Israel away forever, but will take His people unto Himself again after the judgment.[16]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Hosea 8:4–6
^ Jump up to: a b Cook, Stephen L., HarperCollins Study Bible; New Revised Standard Version With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books Student Edition (San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, Meeks, Wayne A. ed., (1989), p. 1193.
Jump up ^ Hosea 4:1–2
Jump up ^ Hosea 9:3
Jump up ^ Hosea 3:1
Jump up ^ Hosea 11:1
Jump up ^ Hosea 14:4
Jump up ^ Coogan, Michael. A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament. Oxford University Press, 2009. pp. 262–63
Jump up ^ Mays, James L. (1969). Hosea. SCM. p. 28.
Jump up ^ Ben Zvi, Ehud. 2004. "Observations on the marital metaphor of YHWH and Israel in its ancient Israelite context: general considerations and particular images in Hosea 1.2." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 28, no. 3: 363–84.
Jump up ^ Connolly, Tristanne J. 1998. "Metaphor and Abuse in Hosea." Feminist Theology no. 18: 58.
Jump up ^ Connolly, Tristanne J. 1998. "Metaphor and Abuse in Hosea." Feminist Theology no. 18: 60.
Jump up ^ Coogan, Michael David Coogan, A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 265.
Jump up ^ Brad E. Kelle (2005). Hosea 2: Metaphor and Rhetoric in Historical Perspective. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 137.
Jump up ^ Stephen L. Cook (2004). The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism, Part 2. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 90.
Jump up ^ "Hosea, Book of, Jewish Encyclopedia
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Hosea (Bible)
Jewish translations:
Hoshea – Hosea (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Christian translations:
Online Bible at GospelHall.org
Hosea at The Great Books (New Revised Standard Version)
Isagogical Study of the Book of Hosea by: Paul R. Hanke
Reconsidering the date and provenance of the Book of Hosea by: James M. Bos
Hosea public domain audiobook at LibriVox
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Clothes line
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Clothesline (disambiguation).
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2016)
Clothes lines located on the islet of Hooge in northern Germany.
Clothes lines located in Tripoli in northern Lebanon.
A clothes line or washing line is any type of rope, cord, or twine that has been stretched between two points (e.g. two sticks), outside or indoors, above the level of the ground. Clothing that has recently been washed is hung along the line to dry, using clothes pegs or clothespins. Washing lines are attached either from a post or a wall, and are frequently located in back gardens, or on balconies. Longer washing lines often have props holding up sections in the middle due to the weight of the usually wet clothing.
More elaborate rotary washing lines save space and are typically retractable and square or triangular in shape, with multiple lines being used (such as the Hills Hoist from Australia). Some can be folded up when not in use (although there is a very minor hazard of getting fingers caught, so there is usually a safety button).
In Scotland, many tenement buildings have a "drying green", which is a communal area predominantly used for clothes lines – it may also be used as a recreational space - as well as a clothes horse connected to a pulley system inside which can be used in the frequently cold winter weather.
Contents
[hide]
1 Comparison
1.1 Advantages
1.2 Disadvantages
2 Drying laundry indoors
3 Factors that determine the drying duration
4 Drying laundry in freezing conditions
5 Controversy in North America
6 Images
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Comparison[edit]
A rotary, or Hills Hoist, type of clothes line
Sundrying in Hermiston, Oregon.
Advantages[edit]
Saves money[1][2]
Zero greenhouse gas emissions per load[1][2][3] (2 kg CO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions from the average mechanical clothes dryer per load)[3]
Less fabric wear and tear[2]
Laundry items do not shrink (hot air from a mechanical clothes dryer may shrink items)
No static cling and no perfume smells throughout the neighborhood from fabric softener and anti-static dryer sheets.
Laundry items stay softer to the touch (mechanical clothes dryers tend to remove short, soft, fine fibers), and may be less wrinkled
Laundry items often do not need ironing if line dried in a breeze
Avoids the potential of airborne lint and reduced air quality
Eliminates the noise from a mechanical clothes dryer
Does not vent indoor air to the outside and waste the large volume of conditioned (heated or cooled) air that a mechanical dryer's blower does.
For a simple line drying arrangement (rope and clothes pins) the repair and replacement costs are about $20.00 per 1,000 loads of laundry or 2 cents per load. For non-commercial mechanical clothes drying the repair and replacement costs (including labor expenses) are about $200.00 per 1,000 loads of laundry or 20 cents per load.
Disadvantages[edit]
Putting laundry on a line usually takes more time than putting it into a mechanical dryer (as laundry items have to be hung up and fixed one by one).
Laundry items need to be hung indoors during rainy weather, or may get wet if the weather changes.
Neighbours may find it aesthetically unpleasant[1]
Exposing dirty laundry can lessen privacy, showing information about inhabitants' living habits.
Risk of theft or vandalism of clothes
Environmental contaminants such as soil, dust, smoke, automotive or industrial pollutants, pollen and bird and animal droppings can come in contact with clothing.
Clothespins can leave imprints (including rust from the spring) on the clothes.
Drying laundry indoors[edit]
Clothes drying indoors
Laundry may be dried indoors rather than outdoors for a variety of reasons including:
inclement weather
physical disability
lack of space for a line
reduce the damage to fabrics from sun's UV rays
legal restrictions[4]
to raise the humidity level indoors, and lower the air temperature indoors
convenience
to preserve privacy
Several types of devices are available for indoor drying. A drying rack or clotheshorse can help save space in an apartment, or clothes lines can be strung in the basement during the winter. Small loads can simply be draped over furniture or a shower curtain pole. The drying time indoors will typically be longer than outdoor drying because of the lack of direct solar radiation and the convective assistance of the wind.
The evaporation of the moisture from the clothes will cool the indoor air and increase the humidity level, which may or may not be desirable. In cold, dry weather, moderate increases in humidity make most people feel more comfortable. In warm weather, increased humidity makes most people feel even hotter. Increased humidity can also increase growth of fungi, which can cause health problems.
An average-sized wash load will convert approximately 4965 kilojoules of ambient heat into latent heat that is stored in the evaporated water, as follows. A typical 4 kg load of laundry can contain 2.2 kg of water, after being spun in a laundry machine.[5] To determine how much heat has been converted in drying a load of laundry, weigh the clothes when they are wet and then again after the clothes have dried. The difference is the weight of the water that was evaporated from them. Multiply that weight in kg by 2,257 kJ/kg,[6] which is the heat of vaporization per kilogram, to obtain the number of kilojoules that went into evaporating the water, or multiply by 0.6250 kWh/kg to get kilowatt-hours. (Note: If the moisture later condenses inside the house, the latent heat will be converted back into ambient heat which could increase the temperature of the air in the room slightly.) [7] To obtain a good approximation of the effect this would have in a particular situation, the process can be traced on a psychrometric chart.
Factors that determine the drying duration[edit]
Various factors determine the duration of drying and can help to decide rather to use a drier or a clothes line[8]
The environmental temperature - increase of temperature decreases the drying duration
The environmental humidity - decrease of humidity will decrease the drying duration
Wind velocity - Sometimes people put a fan near the clothes when drying them indoors
Direct sun - usually only the external line will be exposed to direct sun, so usually people put the thickest clothes on the most external line.
Cloth thickness
Drying laundry in freezing conditions[edit]
Laundry may be dried outdoors when the temperature is well below the freezing point. First, the moisture in the laundry items will freeze and the clothing will become stiff. Then the frost on the clothes will sublimate into the air, leaving the items dry. It takes a long time and it is usually much quicker to dry them indoors; however, indoor drying removes heat from the air so it is a trade-off between speed and energy efficiency.
Controversy in North America[edit]
Controversy surrounding the use of clothes lines has prompted many governments to pass "right-to-dry" laws allowing their use.[1] According to Ian Urbina, a reporter for The New York Times, "the majority of the 60 million people who now live in the country’s roughly 300,000 private communities" are forbidden from using outdoor clothes lines.[9]
As of August 2013[update], the states of Florida, Colorado,[10][11][12] Hawaii,[13] Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin had passed laws forbidding bans on clothes lines, with Utah allowing local jurisdictions to forbid such bans.[14] At least eight states restrict homeowners' associations from forbidding the installation of solar-energy systems, and lawyers have debated whether or not those laws might apply to clothes lines. A British filmmaker, Steven Lake, was planning to release a documentary in 2011 titled Drying for Freedom about the clothes-line controversy in the United States.[9]
In Canada, the province of Nova Scotia's first NDP government passed An Act to Prevent Prohibitions on the Use of Clotheslines on December 10, 2010 to allow all homeowners in the province to use clotheslines, regardless of restrictive covenants.[15] The province of Ontario lifted bans on clothes lines in 2008.[16]
Some other affluent suburban municipalities such as Hampstead, Québec or Outremont, Québec also prohibit clotheslines.[citation needed]
Images[edit]
Clothes pins (or pegs) on a clothes line
Pegs on a clothes line
Washing line in Iceland
T clothes line
Clothes lines in New York City, from a 1904 postcard
Across-street line in Armley, Leeds, showing pulley operated at street level, 2004.
Clotheslines fiber made with polyurethane
Clothesline in El Jadida
Retractable clothes line
A folding umbrella-style clothes line
See also[edit]
Drying cabinet
Enthalpy of vaporization
Sheila Maid
Penman equation
Project Laundry List, New-Hampshire, US, organisation to encourage outdoor drying
Gilbert Toyne
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rosenthal, Elisabeth (April 17, 2008), "A Line in the Yard: The Battle Over the Right to Dry Outside", New York Times
^ Jump up to: a b c Aun, Leslie M. (August 17, 2006), "Nature's Dryer Revisited", Washington Post
^ Jump up to: a b Environmental impact of a clothes dryer and a clothes line, ecofx, January 10, 2008
Jump up ^ http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/20_right_to_dry_states_outlaw_clothesline_bans_is_yours_among_them
Jump up ^ http://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-clothes-tumble-dryers-work.html
Jump up ^ http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fluids-evaporation-latent-heat-d_147.html
Jump up ^ Diamond, Sheldon R. (1970). Fundamental Concepts of Modern Physics. USA: AMSCO School Publications, Inc. pp. 205. "During evaporation... The surroundings thereby become the ultimate source of the energy required to change the phase of [water] from liquid to gas."
Jump up ^ http://www.copatents.com/en/drycloth
^ Jump up to: a b Urbina, Ian, "Debate Follows Bills to Remove Bans on Clotheslines", The New York Times, p 23, October 11, 2009
Jump up ^ "Real Estate News, Mortgage Rates, Buy, Sell or Rent a Home - Wall Street Journal - Wsj.com". Realestatejournal.com. October 3, 2002. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Chaker, Anne Marie (September 18, 2007) "The Right to Dry", The Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ Colorado Governor's Energy Office HOA Bill – HB 1270
Jump up ^ Hawaii State Legislature. "Haw. Rev. Stat. § 196-8.5". Retrieved July 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Neil, Martha (August 14, 2013). "19 'right to dry' states outlaw clothesline bans; is yours among them?". ABA Journal. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nova Scotia legislature". Nslegislature.ca. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ontario premier lifts outdoor-clothesline ban". Ctv.ca. April 18, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clothes lines.
Article about washing lines and clothes pegs
Project Laundry List
"Instructables" article on minimizing the work involved in using a clothes line
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values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

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values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

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/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

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Language settings
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values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estenedor
Estenedor – Catalan
ca
ca
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values: Σχοινί απλώματος ρούχων – Greek

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendedero
Tendedero – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values: מתלה כביסה – Hebrew

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waslijn
Waslijn – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klessnor
Klessnor – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varal
Varal – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

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suggestions
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