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Safari version history
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The version history of Safari spans from 2003 to the present from its initial preview release for Mac OS X at Macworld to becoming cross-platform with versions for Windows and iOS.
Contents
[hide]
1 Version compatibility
2 Release history
2.1 Mac
2.1.1 Safari 1
2.1.2 Safari 2
2.1.3 Safari 3
2.1.4 Safari 4
2.1.5 Safari 5
2.1.6 Safari 6
2.1.7 Safari 7
2.1.8 Safari 8
2.1.9 Safari 9
2.1.10 Safari 10
2.1.11 Safari 11
2.2 Windows
2.2.1 Safari 3
2.2.2 Safari 4
2.2.3 Safari 5
2.3 iOS
2.3.1 Safari 3
2.3.2 Safari 4
2.3.3 Safari 5
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Version compatibility[edit]
Operating system
Operating system version
Latest Safari version
Support
macOS
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar 1.0.3 (August 13, 2004) 2003–2005
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther 1.3.2[1] (January 11, 2006) 2003–2007
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger 4.1.3[2] (November 18, 2010) 2005–2010
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard 5.0.6[3] (July 20, 2011) 2007–2011
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard 5.1.10[4] (September 12, 2013) 2009–2013
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion 6.1.6[5] (August 13, 2014) 2011–2014
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion 6.2.8[6] (August 13, 2015) 2012–2015
OS X 10.9 Mavericks 9.1.3[7] (September 1, 2016) 2013–2016
OS X 10.10 Yosemite 10.1.2[8] (July 19, 2017) 2014-2017
OS X 10.11 El Capitan 11.1[9] (March 29, 2018) Since 2015
macOS 10.12 Sierra 11.1[9] (March 29, 2018) Since 2016
macOS 10.13 High Sierra 11.1[9] (March 29, 2018) Since 2017
Microsoft
Windows
Windows 2000 3.0.3 (August 1, 2007) Unofficial
Windows XP SP1 4.0.3 (August 11, 2009) 2007–2009
Windows XP SP2, SP3 5.1.7[10] (May 9, 2012) 2007–2012
Windows Vista
Windows 7 2009–2012
Windows 8 2012
Windows 10 None
Release history[edit]
Legend:
Obsolete Discontinued Beta Current Beta
Mac[edit]
Safari 1[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 0/1.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
0.8 48
Mac OS X v10.2 - Mac OS X v10.3
January 7, 2003 Public Beta. Initial release at Macworld San Francisco.
0.9 73 April 14, 2003 Public Beta 2. Tabbed browsing, forms and passwords autofill, browser reset (removes cookies, cache, etc.), Netscape and Mozilla bookmarks importing, improved support for web standards, improved AppleScript support, more localizations.
1.0 85 June 23, 2003 First non-beta release. Safari is now default Mac OS X browser, faster autotabs, support for iSync bookmark synchronization, all Mac OS X languages supported, more AppleScripts to control browser, improved support for web standards.
1.0.3 85.8.5 August 13, 2004 Improves the Safari rendering engine to expand third party application support and delivers the latest security enhancements.
1.1 100
Mac OS X v10.3
October 24, 2003 Released with Mac OS X v10.3. Improved speed, improved support for web standards, improved CSS support.
1.2 125 February 2, 2004 Improved compatibility with websites and web applications. Support for personal certificate authentication. Full keyboard access for navigation. Ability to resume interrupted downloads. Sajax and LiveConnect support. XMLHttpRequest support.
1.3 312 April 15, 2005 Released with Mac OS X v10.3.9. Included most of the rendering speed and website compatibility improvements that were developed for 2.0. designMode support.
1.3.1 312.3 August 29, 2005 Improves website compatibility, application stability and support for 3rd party web applications.
1.3.2 312.5 January 11, 2006 Improves website compatibility, application stability and support for 3rd party web applications. Requires 1.3.1 in order to install.
1.3.2 312.6 January 12, 2006 Requires earlier version in order to install.
Safari 2[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 2.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
2.0 412
Mac OS X v10.4
April 29, 2005 Dubbed "Safari RSS." Released with Mac OS X v10.4. Improved rendering speed and website compatibility. Integrated RSS and Atom reader. Integrated PDF viewer. Private Browsing mode and Parental Controls. Ability to save complete websites using the proprietary WebArchive format.
2.0.2 416.11 October 31, 2005 Safari passes the Web Standards Project Acid2 test.
2.0.4 419.3 January 10, 2006 Most widely distributed version of Safari 2, available only as part of Mac OS X Update 10.4.4.[11] Last stable version released before version 3.0. Last Mac OS X-exclusive version.
Safari 3[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 3.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
3.0 522.11
Mac OS X v10.4
June 11, 2007 Public beta. Initial release at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Version for Mac OS X v10.4.9 and later. Improved searching within web pages. Drag and drop tabs, and the ability to save a group of tabs as a single bookmark. Live resizing of text input fields. Bonjour support for bookmarks. Initial SVG support.
3.0.2 522.12 June 22, 2007 Public beta.
3.0.3 522.12.1 July 31, 2007 Public beta. Latest security updates.
3.0.4 523.10
Mac OS X v10.4 - 10.5
October 26, 2007 Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5 out of beta. Includes the ability to re-arrange tabs by dragging, improved web standards support, the ability to display SVG images, and integration with the Dashboard, allowing users to create widgets from ordinary web pages. For web developers, Safari 3 includes a new "Web Inspector" similar to the DOM Inspector extension for Mozilla Firefox.
November 14, 2007 Officially released for Mac OS X v10.4.11.
3.1 525.13 March 18, 2008 Introduces support for CSS Web fonts and animations and improves support for SVG and HTML5 media. Performance improvements.
3.1.1 525.17 April 16, 2008 Improved stability and added security updates.
525.20 May 28, 2008 Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.3.
3.1.2 525.21 June 30, 2008 Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.4.
3.2 525.26 November 13, 2008 Added phishing detection, Extended Validation Certificate support, security fixes.
3.2.1 525.27 November 24, 2008 Stability improvements.
3.2.3 525.28 May 12, 2009 Officially released with Mac OS X v10.5.7.
Safari 4[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 4.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
4.0 Beta 526.11.2
Mac OS X v10.4 - 10.5
June 11, 2008 First developer seed. Includes SquirrelFish JavaScript interpreter. Adds ability to save webpages as standalone web applications. Passes Acid3 test.
528.16 February 24, 2009 Version 4 Public Beta. Added features include a "Top Sites" tool that tracks the user's most recently viewed pages, and notifies the user of content updates; Cover Flow support for history and bookmarks; and full history search. A new, radically redesigned UI, with the tabs now on top, has been implemented. The new Nitro engine (previously code named SquirrelFish Extreme) renders JavaScript 4.2 times faster than the previous release of Safari according to Apple test reports. A newly redesigned set of Developer Tools, Auto-Detect of Google searches and websites, and full page zooming have also been added.[12] The "save page as standalone web applications" feature from the first developer preview of Safari 4 has been removed. The full feature list on Apple's website describes the other 150 new features of Safari 4.[13]
528.17 May 12, 2009 Public beta. Latest security updates.
4.0 530.17 June 8, 2009 Stable release, officially released at WWDC. Tabs, which were located in the title bar in 4.0 beta releases, have been returned to their original location under the bookmarks bar.
4.0.1 530.18 June 17, 2009 Improved compatibility with iPhoto '09.
4.0.2 530.19 July 8, 2009 Improves stability of Nitro JavaScript engine and includes the latest compatibility and security fixes. Officially released with Mac OS X 10.5.8 on August 5, 2009.
4.0.3 531.9
Mac OS X v10.4 - 10.6
August 11, 2009 Stability improvements for webpages that use the HTML5 video tag. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from logging into iWork.com. Fixes an issue that could cause web content to be displayed in greyscale instead of color.
4.0.4 531.21.10 November 11, 2009 Improves JavaScript and Full History Search performance. Improves stability of third-party plug-ins, search field, and Yahoo! Mail. Adds latest security fixes.
4.0.5 531.22.7 March 11, 2010 Improves Top Sites performance. Improves stability for third-party plug-ins and websites with online forms and Scalable Vector Graphics. Fixes issues that prevented Safari from changing settings on some Linksys routers and prevented some iWork.com users from commenting on documents.
4.1 533.16
Mac OS X v10.4
June 7, 2010 Improves performance of JavaScript, Top Sites, and trackpad pinch gestures. Adds faster page loading with DNS prefetching and improved page caching, and Bing search option in the Search Field. Improves support for HTML5, auto-complete in the Smart Address Field, tabbed browsing, Full History Search, Private Browsing, protection from cross-site scripting with XSS auditing, support for web applications that use JavaScript Object Notation, and developer tools. Improves performance and stability when pasting text into text fields in webpages, auto-complete functions, PDF handling, and transferring images from Safari to iPhoto, when using Facebook and eMusic. Improves reliability of authentication to Windows IIS. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from dragging files when logged into etrade.com.
4.1.1 533.17.8 July 28, 2010 More accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that prevented Safari from launching on systems with network home directories, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers, and an issue that could cause VoiceOver to misidentify elements of webpages.
4.1.2 533.18.5 September 7, 2010 Fixes an issue that could prevent users from submitting web forms.
4.1.3 533.19.4 November 18, 2010 Improves accuracy of Top Sites and Top Hit results in the address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping of webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Improves stability of typing in text fields on netflix.com and facebook.com. Improves stability of VoiceOver.
Safari 5[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 5.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
5.0 533.16
Mac OS X v10.5 - 10.6
June 7, 2010 Added new features including Safari Reader, Bing Search, and Safari Development Tools. Improves JavaScript performance, page caching, and DNS prefetching. Improves support for HTML5. Other improvements and features include smarter address field, tabs settings, search history with date, Top Sites/history button, private browsing icon, XSS auditor, and the return of the address bar loading status indicator. Included in the Mac OS X v10.6.4 update.
5.0.1 533.17.8 July 28, 2010 Added a new feature: Safari Extensions. Provides more accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when using the Safari Reader keyboard shortcut and scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes display of multipage articles from Rolling Stone in Safari Reader. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that prevented Safari from launching on Leopard systems with network home directories, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers, and an issue that could cause VoiceOver to misidentify elements of webpages.
5.0.2 533.18.5 September 7, 2010 Fixes issues that prevented submission of web forms, fixes issues that caused incorrect displaying of content in Google Images with Flash Player 10.1 installed, and establishes encrypted and authenticated connection to Safari Extensions Gallery.
5.0.3 533.19.4 November 18, 2010 Improves accuracy of Top Sites, and Top Hit results in address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping of webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Improves stability of typing in text fields on Netflix and Facebook. Improves stability of JavaScript extensions. Improves stability of VoiceOver.
5.0.4 533.20.27 March 9, 2011 Improves stability for webpages with multiple plug-in content. Improves compatibility with webpages with image reflections and transition effects. Fixes an issue that caused webpages to print with incorrect layouts. Fixes an issue that caused webpages with plug-in content to display incorrectly. Fixes an issue that caused the screen saver to appear while a video is playing. Improves compatibility with VoiceOver on webpages with text input areas and lists with selectable items. Improves stability when using VoiceOver.
5.0.5 533.21.1 April 14, 2011 Security update.
5.0.6 533.22.3
Mac OS X v10.5
July 20, 2011 Stability improvements for web applications that use WebSocket with certain proxy configurations. Improvements to the appearance and layout of text with HTML5 ruby annotations. A fix for an issue that could cause elements in frames to appear in the wrong place on Pandora.com and other websites.
5.1 534.48.3
Mac OS X v10.6 - 10.7
Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7. New features include Reading List for managing webpages and links, new process architecture for improved stability and responsiveness, Resume for launching windows from a previous browsing session, improved privacy settings, Private AutoFill, additional text search controls, and the ability to drag and drop items from the Downloads window. Introduces support for full-screen webpages, media caching with the HTML5 application cache, MathML, Web Open Font Format, CSS3 auto-hyphenation, CSS3 vertical text, CSS3 text emphasis, Window.onError, and formatted XML files. Adds new Extensions APIs, including support for popovers, menus, new event classes, and interaction with Safari Reader.
5.1.1 534.51.22 October 12, 2011 Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.2. Adds support for iCloud syncing of bookmarks and Reading List. Improves JavaScript performance. Contains improvements to performance, stability, usability, compatibility, accessibility, and security.
5.1.2 534.52.7 November 29, 2011 Improves stability. Addresses issues with hangs, excessive memory usage, and white flashes within webpages. Allows PDFs to be displayed within web content.
5.1.3 534.53.10 February 1, 2012 Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.3.
5.1.4 534.54.16 March 12, 2012 Improved Javascript performance. Improve responsiveness when typing into the search field after changing network configurations, or with an intermittent network connection. Address an issue that could cause webpages to flash white when switching between Safari windows. Address issues that prevented printing U.S. Postal Service shipping labels and embedded PDFs. Preserve links in PDFs saved from webpages. Fix an issue that could make Flash content appear incomplete after using gesture zooming. Fix an issue that could cause the screen to dim while watching HTML5 video. Improve stability, compatibility, and startup time when using extensions. Allow cookies set during regular browsing to be available after using Private Browsing. Fix an issue that could cause some data to be left behind after pressing the “Remove All Website Data” button.[14]
5.1.5 534.55.3 March 26, 2012 Contains a fix for an issue that could affect website usability when running Safari in 32-bit mode; other stability improvements.[15]
5.1.6 534.56.5
Mac OS X v10.7
May 9, 2012 Bundled with Mac OS X v10.7.4, contains stability improvements.
5.1.7 534.57.2
Mac OS X v10.6 - 10.7
May 9, 2012 Improve the browser's responsiveness when the system is low on memory. Fix an issue that could prevent webpages from responding after using a pinch to zoom gesture. Fix an issue that could affect websites using forms to authenticate users. Disable versions of Adobe Flash Player that do not include the latest security updates and provide the option to get the current version from Adobe's website.
5.1.8 534.58.2
Mac OS X v10.6
March 14, 2013 Security updates [16]
5.1.9 534.59.8 April 16, 2013 Security updates [17]
5.1.10 534.59.10 September 12, 2013 Security updates [18]
Safari 6[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 6.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
6.0 536.25
OS X v10.7 - 10.8
July 25, 2012 Improved Javascript performance. Website URL and Search are now in one bar. iCloud integration added. Twitter integration added. Overall faster performance. More HTML5 support.
6.0.1 536.26 September 21, 2012 Bundled with OS X 10.8.2. Adds SSL support for Google searches from the Smart Search Field in Safari.
6.0.2 536.26.17 November 1, 2012 Security fixes only.
6.0.3 536.28.10 March 14, 2013 Contains fixes that improve performance, stability, and security. [1]
6.0.4 536.29.13 April 16, 2013 Security updates [17]
6.0.5 536.30.1 June 5, 2013
6.1 537.43.58 June 11, 2013 New Sidebar with Shared Links, Bookmarks and Reading List. Redesigned Top Sites. Power-saving technologies.
6.1.1 537.73.11 December 16, 2013 Security update.[19]
6.1.2 February 25, 2014 Security update.[20]
6.1.3 April 1, 2014 Security update.[21]
6.1.4 May 21, 2014 Security update.[22]
6.1.5 June 30, 2014 Security update.[23]
6.1.6 537.78.2[24] August 13, 2014 Security update.[25]
6.2
OS X 10.8
September 18, 2014 Security update.[26]
6.2.1 December 4, 2014 Security update.[27]
6.2.2 December 11, 2014 Security update.[28]
6.2.3 January 27, 2015 Security update.[29]
6.2.4 March 17, 2015 Security update.[30]
6.2.5 April 8, 2015 Security update.[31]
6.2.6 May 6, 2015 Security update.[32]
6.2.7 June 30, 2015 Security update.[33]
6.2.8 537.85.17 August 13, 2015 Security update.[6]
Safari 7[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 7.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
7.0 537.71
OS X 10.9
October 22, 2013 Bundled with OS X 10.9 Developer Preview 1.New Sidebar with Shared Links, Bookmarks and Reading List. Redesigned Top Sites. Nitro Tiered JIT, Fast Start and power-saving technologies.[34]
7.0.1 537.73.11 December 16, 2013 Security update.[19] Bundled with OS X 10.9.1[35]
7.0.2 February 25, 2014 Security update.[20]
7.0.3 537.75.14 April 1, 2014 Security update.[21] Bundled with OS X 10.9.3[36]
7.0.4 537.76.4 May 21, 2014 Security update.[22]
7.0.5 537.77.4 June 30, 2014 Security update.[23] Bundled with OS X 10.9.4[37]
7.0.6 537.78.2 August 13, 2014 Security update.[25] Bundled with OS X 10.9.5[38]
7.1 September 18, 2014 Security update.[26]
7.1.1 December 4, 2014 Security update.[27]
7.1.2 December 11, 2014 Security update.[28]
7.1.3 January 27, 2015 Security update.[29]
7.1.4 March 17, 2015 Security update.[30]
7.1.5 April 8, 2015 Security update.[31]
7.1.6 May 6, 2015 Security update.[32]
7.1.7 June 30, 2015 Security update.[33]
7.1.8 537.85.17 August 13, 2015 Security update.[6]
Safari 8[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 8.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
8.0 538.35.8
OS X 10.10
October 16, 2014 Bundled with OS X 10.10. Browser gets first new logo in 11 years, similar in style to iOS 7-onwards.[39] Support for APNG was added.[40]
8.0.1 December 4, 2014 Security update.[27]
8.0.2 December 11, 2014 Security update.[28]
8.0.3 January 27, 2015 Security update.[29]
8.0.4 March 17, 2015 Security update.[30]
8.0.5 April 8, 2015 Security update.[31]
8.0.6 600.6.3 May 6, 2015 Security update.[32]
8.0.7 600.7.12 June 30, 2015 Security update.[33]
8.0.8 August 13, 2015 Security update.[6]
Safari 9[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 9.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
9.0 601.1.56
OS X 10.9 - 10.11
September 30, 2015 Bundled with 10.11.[41]
9.0.1 601.2.7 October 21, 2015 Security update.[42]
9.0.2 601.3.9 December 8, 2015 Security update.[43]
9.0.3 601.4.4 January 15, 2016 Security update.[44]
9.1 601.5.17 March 21, 2016 Adds support for <picture> element, iOS gesture events, CSS variables, CSS font features.[45]
9.1.1 601.6.17 May 17, 2016 Security updates and improved memory handling.[46]
9.1.2 601.7.1 July 18, 2016 Security and stability update[47]
9.1.3 601.7.8 September 1, 2016 Security and stability update[48]
Safari 10[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 10.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
10.0 602.1.50
OS X 10.10 - macOS 10.12
September 20, 2016 Launched with macOS 10.12 Sierra.
Safari Extensions such as 1Password, Save to Pocket, and DuckDuckGo[49]
New Bookmarks sidebar, including double-click to focus in on a folder[49]
Redesigned Bookmarks and History views[49]
Site-specific zoom: Safari remembers and re-applies your zoom level to websites[49]
Improved AutoFill from Contacts card[49]
Reader improvements, including in-line sub-headlines, bylines, and publish dates[49]
Legacy plug-ins are turned off by default in favor of HTML5 versions of websites[49]
Allow reopening of recently closed tabs through the History menu, holding the "+" button in the tab bar, or using Shift-Command-T[49]
When a link opens in a new tab, it is now possible to hit the back button or swipe to close it and go back to the original tab[49]
Improved ranking of Frequently Visited Sites[49]
Web Inspector Timelines Tab[49]
Debugging using Web Inspector[49]
10.0.1 602.2.14 October 24, 2016 Security and stability update[50]
10.0.2 602.3.12 December 13, 2016 Security and stability update[51]
10.0.3 602.4.8 January 23, 2017 Security and stability update[52]
10.1 603.1.30 March 27, 2017 New web technology additions and improvements such as Fetch API, CSS Grid Layout, ECMAScript 2016 & ECMAScript 2017, IndexedDB 2.0, Custom Elements, Gamepad API, Pointer Lock API, interactive form validation, input events, HTML5 download attribute support, HTML Media Capture, improved fixed and sticky element positioning, improved Web Inspector debugging, CSS wide-gamut colors support, reduced motion media query, and more.[53][54] Also includes security fixes.[55]
10.1.1 603.2.4 May 15, 2017 Security and stability update[56]
10.1.2 603.3.8 July 19, 2017 Security and stability update[8]
Safari 11[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 11.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
11.0
OS X 10.11 - macOS 10.13
September 19, 2017 Bundled with macOS 10.13 High Sierra.[57]
Stops audio from automatically playing on most websites
Includes Intelligent Tracking Prevention that identifies trackers on webpages and prevent them from gathering data about you[58]
Configure Reader, content blockers, page zoom, and auto-play settings on a per-website basis, or for all websites
Includes updated media controls for HTML5 video and audio
Adds support for new web technologies such as WebRTC, Media Capture API, Resource Timing API, WebAssembly, variable fonts, CSS strokes and more.[59]
Security fixes[60]
11.0.1 October 31, 2017 Security update[61]
11.0.2 December 6, 2017 Security update[62]
11.0.3 January 23, 2018 Security update[63]
11.1 March 29, 2018 Bundled with macOS High Sierra 10.13.4.[64]
Adds support for new web technologies such as Service Workers, Payment Request API, Beacon API, Subresource Integrity, improved ECMAScript 2018 support and more.[65]
Helps protect privacy by only AutoFilling usernames and passwords after selecting them in a web form field[66]
Displays warnings in the Smart Search Field when interacting with password or credit card forms on non-encrypted web pages[66]
Security fixes[9]
Windows[edit]
Safari 3[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 3.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
3.0 522.11.3
Windows XP, Vista
June 11, 2007 Public beta, first release for Windows XP and Windows Vista (not officially supported on Windows 2000). Announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Feature parity with Mac OS X version.
3.0.1 522.12.2 June 13, 2007 Public beta, second release for Windows XP and Windows Vista. Major security updates.
3.0.2 522.13.1 June 22, 2007 Public beta, third release for Windows XP and Windows Vista. Security updates.
3.0.3 522.15.5 August 1, 2007 Public beta, fourth Windows release. Includes major stability enhancements, including a fix for a memory leak.
3.0.4 523.12.9 November 14, 2007 Public beta, fifth Windows release. Fixes many UI behavior issues, though issues still remain. Ends unofficial support for Windows 2000 (will not run). Added many keyboard shortcut functions found in most major browsers (for example, switching tabs).
523.13 December 17, 2007 Safari 3 Beta 3.0.4 Security Update: A security update meant to prevent cross-site scripting attacks was applied to the existing release of Safari.[67]
523.15 December 21, 2007 Safari 3 Beta 3.0.4 Security Update v1.1: This update fixes an issue introduced with the previous security update "that may cause Safari to unexpectedly quit when browsing certain websites."
3.1 525.13 March 18, 2008 First stable release of Safari for Windows. Introduces support for CSS Web fonts and animations and improves support for SVG and HTML5 media. Performance improvements. Added automatic spell checker for searches.
3.1.1 525.17 April 16, 2008 Improved stability and added security updates.
3.1.2 525.21 June 19, 2008 Improved stability and added security updates.
3.2 525.26.13 November 13, 2008 Added phishing detection, Extended Validation Certificate support, security fixes.
3.2.1 525.27.1 November 24, 2008 Stability improvements.
3.2.2 525.28.1 February 12, 2009 Security updates.
3.2.3 525.29.1 May 12, 2009 Security updates.
Safari 4[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 4.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
4.0 526.12.2
Windows XP, Vista, 7
June 11, 2008 First developer seed. Includes SquirrelFish JavaScript interpreter. Adds ability to save webpages as standalone web applications. Passes Acid3 test. Added optional Windows native font rendering.
528.1.1 August 22, 2008 Second developer seed. New developer menu, redesigned Web Inspector, and JavaScript developer tools. Also includes elements from the new Webkit versions, such as support for new CSS features, as well as improved support for HTML5 in general.[68]
528.16 February 24, 2009 Version 4 Public Beta. Added features include a "Top Sites" tool that tracks the user's most recently viewed pages, and notifies the user of content updates; Cover Flow support for history and bookmarks; and full history search. A new, radically redesigned UI, with the tabs now on top, has been implemented. The new Nitro engine (previously code named SquirrelFish Extreme) renders JavaScript 4.2 times faster than the previous release of Safari according to Apple test reports. A newly redesigned set of Developer Tools, Auto-Detect of Google searches and websites, and full page zooming have also been added. The "save page as standalone web applications" feature from the first developer preview of Safari 4 has been removed. Look and feel more native to the Windows UI. Apple font smoothing is now an option; Safari can be configured to adhere to the default Windows system font smoothing setting. The full feature list on Apple's website describes the other 150 new features of Safari 4.
528.17 May 12, 2009 Public beta. Latest security updates.
4.0.1 530.17 June 8, 2009 Stable release, officially released at WWDC. Tabs, which were located in the title bar in 4.0 beta releases, have been returned to their original location under the bookmarks bar.
4.0.2 530.19.1 July 8, 2009 Improves stability of Nitro JavaScript engine and includes the latest compatibility and security fixes.
4.0.3 531.9.1 August 11, 2009 Stability improvements for webpages that use the HTML5 video tag. Fixes an issue that prevented some users from logging into iWork.com. Fixes an issue that could cause web content to be displayed in greyscale instead of color.
4.0.4 531.21.10 November 11, 2009 Improves JavaScript and Full History Search performance. Improves stability of third-party plug-ins, search field, and Yahoo! Mail. Adds latest security fixes.
4.0.5 531.22.7 March 11, 2010 Improves Top Sites performance. Improves stability for third-party plug-ins and websites with online forms and Scalable Vector Graphics. Fixes issues that prevented Safari from changing settings on some Linksys routers and prevented some iWork.com users from commenting on documents.
Safari 5[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 5.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Operating System
Release date
Features
5.0 533.16
Windows XP, Vista, 7
June 7, 2010 Added new features including Safari Reader, Bing Search, and Safari Development Tools. Improves JavaScript performance, page caching, and DNS prefetching. Improves support for HTML5. Other improvements and features include smarter address field, tabs settings, search history with date, Top Sites/history button, private browsing icon, XSS auditor, and hardware acceleration.
5.0.1 533.17.8 July 28, 2010 Added a new feature: Safari Extensions. Provides more accurate Top Hit results in the Address Field and timing for CSS animations. Adds better stability when using the Safari Reader keyboard shortcut and scrolling through MobileMe Mail. Fixes display of multipage articles from Rolling Stone in Safari Reader. Fixes an issue that prevented Google Wave and other websites using JavaScript encryption libraries from working correctly on 32-bit systems, an issue that could cause borders on YouTube thumbnails to disappear when hovering over the thumbnail image, an issue that could cause Flash content to overlap with other content on Facebook, Crate and Barrel, and other sites when using Flash 10.1, an issue that prevented boarding passes from American Airlines from printing correctly, and an issue that could cause DNS prefetching requests to overburden certain routers.
5.0.2 533.18.5 September 7, 2010 Fixes issues that prevented submission of web forms, fixes issues that caused incorrect displaying of content in Google Images with Flash Player 10.1 installed, and establishes encrypted and authenticated connection to Safari Extensions Gallery.
5.0.3 533.19.4 November 18, 2010 Improves accuracy of Top Sites, and Top Hit results in address bar. Fixes an issue with Flash 10.1 that caused overlapping webpage content. Improves reliability of pop-up blocking. Fixes an issue affecting playback of videos with rotations or flips. Improves reliability when typing into text fields on Netflix and Facebook. Improves stability with JavaScript extensions and using screen readers.
5.0.4 533.20.27 March 9, 2011 Improves compatibility with webpages with transition effects. Fixes an issue that caused webpages to print with incorrect layouts. Fixes an issue that prevented HTML5 video from playing on YouTube. Fixes an issue that caused content to display incorrectly on webpages with plug-ins.
5.0.5 533.21.1 April 14, 2011 Security update.
5.1 534.50 July 20, 2011 Introduces support for full-screen webpages, media caching, MathML, Web Open Font Format, CSS3 Auto-hyphenation, CSS3 Vertical Text, and CSS3 Text Emphasis. Extension support for popovers, menus, new event classes, and Reader interaction.
5.1.1 534.51.22 October 12, 2011 Adds support for iCloud syncing of bookmarks and Reading List. Improves JavaScript performance. Contains improvements to performance, stability, usability, compatibility, accessibility, and security.
5.1.2 534.52.7 November 29, 2011 Improves stability. Addresses issues with hangs, excessive memory usage, and white flashes within webpages. Allows PDFs to be displayed within web content.
5.1.4 534.54.16 March 12, 2012 Improved Javascript performance. Improve responsiveness when typing into the search field after changing network configurations, or with an intermittent network connection. Address an issue that could cause webpages to flash white when switching between Safari windows. Preserve links in PDFs saved from webpages. Fix an issue that could cause the screen to dim while watching HTML5 video. Improve stability, compatibility, and startup time when using extensions. Allow cookies set during regular browsing to be available after using Private Browsing.
5.1.5 534.55.3 March 26, 2012 Stability improvements.[15]
5.1.7 534.57.2 May 9, 2012 Improve the browser's responsiveness when the system is low on memory. Fix an issue that could affect websites using forms to authenticate users.
Last version to support Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.
iOS[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2017)
Safari 3[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 3.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Safari version
iOS version
Release date
Features
3.0 420+ 419.3
1.0
29 June 2007 Initial release.
1.0.1–1.1.2
31 July 2007 Security update.
420.1
1.1.3–1.1.5
15 January 2008 Web Clips can be added to and removed from the Home Screen.
3.1.1 525.18.1 525.20
2.0
11 July 2008 Pictures can be saved to Photos app. Support for YouTube videos.
2.0.1–2.0.2
4 August 2008 Performance when switching to landscape mode is improved.
2.1
12 September 2008 Performance when scrolling webpages is improved.
2.2–2.2.1
21 November 2008 The Google search button is now a search bar. The refresh button is now inside the address bar. Stability and performance are improved.
Safari 4[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 4.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Safari version
iOS version
Release date
Features
4.0 528.18 528.16
3.0–3.0.1
17 June 2009 Adds AutoFill and anti-phishing. Additional options to open/copy a link. Support for RSS feeds. Browser and JavaScript speed improvements. Adds support for HTML5.
3.1–3.1.3
9 September 2009 Fraud protection and anti-phishing support.
531.21.10
3.2–3.2.2
3 April 2010 Support for iPad. Thumbnail view supports up to nine pages.
4.0.5 532.9 6531.22.7
4.0–4.1
21 June 2010 Bing added to search engines. Suggestions and recent searches are displayed below the search bar. Top Hit when searching. Audio support in-page.
Safari 5[edit]
showTable of versions: Safari 5.x
Minor version
WebKit version
Safari version
iOS version
Release date
Features
5.0.2 533.17.9 6533.18.5
4.2.1–4.2.8
22 November 2010 Support for URLs in Chinese.
4.3–4.3.3
9 March 2011 Nitro JavaScript Engine and VoiceOver support.
See also[edit]
Safari (web browser)
iOS version history
iTunes version history
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Safari Update 1.3.2". support.apple.com. 2006-01-11. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "Safari 4.1.3 for Tiger". support.apple.com. 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "Safari 5.0.6 for Leopard". support.apple.com. 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "Safari 5.1.10 for Snow Leopard". support.apple.com. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 6.1.6 and Safari 7.0.6". support.apple.com. 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About the security content of Safari 8.0.8, Safari 7.1.8, and Safari 6.2.8". Apple Inc. August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.1.3". Apple Inc. September 2, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "About the security content of Safari 10.1.2". July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "About the security content of Safari 11.1". March 29, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Safari 5.1.7 for Windows". support.apple.com. 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ "About the Mac OS X 10.4.4 Update (Delta)". Support.apple.com. December 20, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Safari - See the new features in Safari for Mac and PC". Apple. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Safari - Learn about the features available in Safari". Apple. October 27, 2005. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ "About Safari 5.1.4 for OS X". Apple. March 12, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Safari 5.1.5". Apple. March 26, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Apple Shocks Security World with Safari 5.1.8 for Snow Leopard". Intego. March 17, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "About Safari 6.0.4 and 5.1.9". Apple. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 5.1.10". Apple. September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "About the security content of Safari 6.1.1 and Safari 7.0.1". Retrieved October 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6145
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6181
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6254
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6293
Jump up ^ "OS X and webkit version used". Sourceforge. September 17, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6367
^ Jump up to: a b http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6440
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.1, Safari 7.1.1, and Safari 6.2.1". Apple Inc. December 4, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.2, Safari 7.1.2, and Safari 6.2.2". Apple Inc. December 11, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.3, Safari 7.1.3, and Safari 6.2.3". Apple Inc. January 27, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.4, Safari 7.1.4, and Safari 6.2.4". Apple Inc. March 17, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.5, Safari 7.1.5, and Safari 6.2.5". Apple Inc. April 8, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.6, Safari 7.1.6, and Safari 6.2.6". Apple Inc. May 6, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About the security content of Safari 8.0.7, Safari 7.1.7, and Safari 6.2.7". Apple Inc. June 30, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "macOS High Sierra". Apple. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the OS X Mavericks v10.9.1 Update". Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the OS X Mavericks v10.9.3 Update". Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the OS X Mavericks v10.9.4 Update". Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the OS X Mavericks v10.9.5 Update". Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Apple - Safari - Browse the web in smarter, more powerful ways". Apple Inc. October 16, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc". caniuse.com. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9". Apple Inc. September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.0.1". Apple.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.0.2". Apple. December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.0.3". Apple. January 15, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Safari 9.1". Apple. January 11, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.1.1". May 17, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.1.2". July 21, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 9.1.3". September 2, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Rossignol, Joe. "Safari 10 Now Available for OS X El Capitan and OS X Yosemite". Retrieved 2017-01-16.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 10.0.1". October 24, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 10.0.2". December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 10.0.3". January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Safari 10.1". March 31, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jon Davis (March 29, 2017). "New Web Features in Safari 10.1". WebKit Blog. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 10.1". Apple Inc. March 27, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 10.1.1". May 15, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rossignol, Joe. "Safari 11 Released for macOS Sierra and OS X El Capitan". Retrieved 2017-09-22.
Jump up ^ John Wilander (June 5, 2017). "Intelligent Tracking Prevention". WebKit Blog. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Safari 11.0". June 22, 2017. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 11". Apple Support. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 11.0.1". October 31, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 11.0.2". December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About the security content of Safari 11.0.3". January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Clover, Juli. "Safari 11.1 in macOS High Sierra 10.13.4 and iOS 11.3 Introduces New Features and Optimizations". Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Safari 11.1". February 22, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Download macOS High Sierra 10.13.4 Combo Update". support.apple.com. 2018-03-29. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "About Safari 3 Beta 3.0.4 Security Update v1.1". Apple Inc. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ Justin Berka (August 25, 2008). "New betas of 10.5.5 and Safari 4 seeded to developers". Ars Technica. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
External links[edit]
Safari – official site at Apple
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Twisted pair
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25-pair color code chart
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Compared to a single conductor or an untwisted balanced pair, a twisted pair reduces electromagnetic radiation from the pair and crosstalk between neighboring pairs and improves rejection of external electromagnetic interference. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.[1]
Contents
1 Explanation
2 History
3 Unshielded twisted pair
4 Cable shielding
5 Common types
5.1 Analog telephone
5.2 Building infrastructure
6 Solid-core cable vs. stranded cable
7 Advantages
8 Disadvantages
9 Less common variants
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Explanation[edit]
In a balanced line, the two wires carry equal and opposite signals, and the destination detects the difference between the two. This is known as differential signaling. Noise sources introduce signals into the wires by coupling of electric or magnetic fields and tend to couple to both wires equally. The noise thus produces a common-mode signal which can be canceled at the receiver when the difference signal is taken.
Differential signaling starts to fail when the noise source is close to the signal wires; the closer wire will couple with the noise more strongly and the receiver will be unable to eliminate it. This problem is especially apparent in telecommunication cables where pairs in the same cable lie next to each other for many miles. Twisting the pairs counters this effect as on each half twist the wire nearest to the noise-source is exchanged. Provided the interfering source remains uniform, or nearly so, over the distance of a single twist, the induced noise will remain common-mode.
The twist rate (also called pitch of the twist, usually defined in twists per meter) makes up part of the specification for a given type of cable. When nearby pairs have equal twist rates, the same conductors of the different pairs may repeatedly lie next to each other, partially undoing the benefits of differential mode. For this reason it is commonly specified that, at least for cables containing small numbers of pairs, the twist rates must differ.[2]
In contrast to shielded or foiled twisted pair (typically F/UTP or S/FTP cable shielding), UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cable is not surrounded by any shielding. UTP is the primary wire type for telephone usage and is very common for computer networking.
History[edit]
Wire transposition on top of pole
The earliest telephones used telegraph lines, or open-wire single-wire earth return circuits. In the 1880s electric trams were installed in many cities, which induced noise into these circuits. Lawsuits being unavailing, the telephone companies converted to balanced circuits, which had the incidental benefit of reducing attenuation, hence increasing range.
As electrical power distribution became more commonplace, this measure proved inadequate. Two wires, strung on either side of cross bars on utility poles, shared the route with electrical power lines. Within a few years, the growing use of electricity again brought an increase of interference, so engineers devised a method called wire transposition, to cancel out the interference.
In wire transposition, the wires exchange position once every several poles. In this way, the two wires would receive similar EMI from power lines. This represented an early implementation of twisting, with a twist rate of about four twists per kilometre, or six per mile. Such open-wire balanced lines with periodic transpositions still survive today in some rural areas.
Twisted-pair cabling was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881.[3] By 1900, the entire American telephone line network was either twisted pair or open wire with transposition to guard against interference. Today, most of the millions of kilometres of twisted pairs in the world are outdoor landlines, owned by telephone companies, used for voice service, and only handled or even seen by telephone workers.
Unshielded twisted pair[edit]
Cross-section of cable with four unshielded twisted pairs
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are found in many Ethernet networks and telephone systems. For indoor telephone applications, UTP is often grouped into sets of 25 pairs according to a standard 25-pair color code originally developed by AT&T Corporation. A typical subset of these colors (white/blue, blue/white, white/orange, orange/white) shows up in most UTP cables. The cables are typically made with copper wires measured at 22 or 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG),[4] with the colored insulation typically made from an insulator such as polyethylene or FEP and the total package covered in a polyethylene jacket.
For urban outdoor telephone cables containing hundreds or thousands of pairs, the cable is divided into small but identical bundles. Each bundle consists of twisted pairs that have different twist rates. The bundles are in turn twisted together to make up the cable. Pairs having the same twist rate within the cable can still experience some degree of crosstalk. Wire pairs are selected carefully to minimize crosstalk within a large cable.
Unshielded twisted pair cable with different twist rates
UTP cable is also the most common cable used in computer networking. Modern Ethernet, the most common data networking standard, can use UTP cables. Twisted pair cabling is often used in data networks for short and medium length connections because of its relatively lower costs compared to optical fiber and coaxial cable.
UTP is also finding increasing use in video applications, primarily in security cameras. Many cameras include a UTP output with screw terminals; UTP cable bandwidth has improved to match the baseband of television signals. As UTP is a balanced transmission line, a balun is needed to connect to unbalanced equipment, for example any using BNC connectors and designed for coaxial cable.
Cable shielding[edit]
Main article: Electromagnetic shielding
F/UTP cable
S/FTP cable
U/FTP, F/UTP and F/FTP are used in Cat 6a cables
Twisted pair cables often incorporate shielding in an attempt to prevent electromagnetic interference. Shielding provides an electrically conductive barrier to attenuate electromagnetic waves external to the shield; and provides a conduction path by which induced currents can be circulated and returned to the source via ground reference connection.
Such shielding can be applied to individual pairs or quads; or to a collection of pairs. Individual pairs are foil shielded, while an overall cable (of multiple pairs) may use any of braided screen or foil or braiding with foil.
When shielding is applied to a collection of pairs, it is usually referred to as screening, but usage among vendors and authors in applying such words as screening, shielding, and STP (shielded twisted pair) can be subject to variability.[5][6]
ISO/IEC 11801:2002 (Annex E) attempts to internationally standardize the various designations for shielded cables by using combinations of three letters - U for unshielded, S for braided shielding (in outer layer only), and F for foil shielding - to explicitly indicate the type of screen for overall cable protection and for protecting individual pairs or quads, using a two-part abbreviation in the form of x/xTP.
Shielded Cat 5e, Cat 6/6A, and Cat 8/8.1 cables typically have F/UTP construction, while shielded Cat 7/7A and Cat 8.2 cables use S/FTP construction.[7]
Because the shielding is made of metal, it may also serve as a path to ground; usually a screen shielded, twisted pair cable has an integrally incorporated, grounding wire, called a drain wire, which makes electrical contact with the shield or screen. The purpose of the drain wire is for easy connection of the screen to terminals, which are usually designed for connection of round wires.
Common shield construction types include:
Individual shield (U/FTP)
Individual shielding with aluminum foil for each twisted pair or quad. Common names: pair in metal foil, shielded twisted pair, screened twisted pair. This type of shielding protects cable from external EMI entering or exiting the cable and also protects neighboring pairs from crosstalk.
Overall shield (F/UTP, S/UTP, and SF/UTP)
Overall foil, braided shield or braiding with foil across all of the pairs within the 100 ohm twisted pair cable. Common names: foiled twisted pair, shielded twisted pair, screened twisted pair. This type of shielding helps prevent EMI from entering or exiting the cable.
Individual and overall shield (F/FTP, S/FTP, and SF/FTP)
Individual shielding using foil between the twisted pair sets, and also an outer foil or braided shielding. Common names: fully shielded twisted pair, screened foiled twisted pair, shielded foiled twisted pair, screened shielded twisted pair, shielded screened twisted pair. This type of shielding helps prevent EMI from entering or exiting the cable and also protects neighboring pairs from crosstalk.
An early example of shielded twisted-pair was IBM STP-A, which is a two-pair 150 ohm S/FTP cable defined in 1985 by the IBM Cabling System specifications, and used with token ring or FDDI networks.[5][8]
Common industry nomenclature for cable construction
Industry abbreviations
ISO/IEC 11801 name
Cable shielding
Pair shielding
UTP U/UTP None None
STP, ScTP, PiMF U/FTP None Foil
FTP, STP, ScTP F/UTP Foil None
STP, ScTP S/UTP Braiding None
SFTP, S-FTP, STP SF/UTP Braiding and Foil None
FFTP F/FTP Foil Foil
SSTP, SFTP, STP PiMF S/FTP Braiding Foil
SSTP, SFTP SF/FTP Braiding and Foil Foil
The code before the slash designates the shielding for the cable itself, while the code after the slash determines the shielding for the individual pairs:
U = unshielded
F = foil shielding
S = braided shielding (outer layer only)
TP = twisted pair
TQ = twisted pair, individual shielding in quads
Common types[edit]
See also: ISO/IEC 11801
Analog telephone[edit]
Before digital communication and ethernet became widespread there was no international standard for telephone cable. Standards were set at a national level. For instance, in the UK the General Post Office specified CW1293 and CW1308 cables. CW1308 was a similar specification to the earlier CW1293 but with an improved color code. CW1293 used mostly solid colors on the cores making it difficult to identify the pair it was twisted with without stripping back a large amount of sheath. CW1308 has narrow rings of the paired color printed over the base color to solve this problem. Both cables are a similar standard to category 3 cable.[9]
Prior to the common use of polyethylene and other plastics for insulation, telephone twisted pair cable was insulated with waxed paper or cotton with a wax coating applied to the copper. The overall sheath of this type of cable was usually lead. This style of cable came into use in the late 19th century shortly after the invention of the telephone.[10] The cable termination in termination boxes were sealed with molten wax or epoxy resin to prevent the ingress of moisture which would seriously degrade the insulating properties of the paper insulation.[11] However, such seals made future maintenance and changes more difficult. These cables are no longer made, but are still occasionally encountered in old buildings and in various external areas, commonly rural villages.
Building infrastructure[edit]
Name
Typical construction
Bandwidth
Applications
Notes
Level 1 0.4 MHz Telephone and modem lines Not described in EIA/TIA recommendations. Unsuitable for modern systems.[12]
Level 2 4 MHz Older terminal systems, e.g. IBM 3270 Not described in EIA/TIA recommendations. Unsuitable for modern systems.[12]
Cat 3 UTP[13] 16 MHz[13] 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T4 Ethernet[13] Described in EIA/TIA-568. Unsuitable for speeds above 16 Mbit/s. Now mainly for telephone cables[13]
Cat 4 UTP[13] 20 MHz[13] 16 Mbit/s[13] Token Ring Not commonly used[13]
Cat 5 UTP[13] 100 MHz[13] 100BASE-TX & 1000BASE-T Ethernet[13] Common for current LANs. Superseded by Cat5e, but most Cat5 cables meet Cat5e standards.[13] Limited to 100m between equipment.
Cat 5e UTP[13] , STP[14] 100 MHz[13] 100BASE-TX & 1000BASE-T Ethernet[13] Enhanced Cat5. Common for current LANs. Same construction as Cat5, but with better testing standards.[13] Limited to 100m between equipment.
Cat 6 UTP[13] , STP[15] 250 MHz[13] 10GBASE-T Ethernet ISO/IEC 11801 2nd Ed. (2002), ANSI/TIA 568-B.2-1. Most commonly installed cable in Finland according to the 2002 standard EN 50173-1. Limited to 55M distance at 10GBASE-T
Cat 6A UTP, F/UTP, U/FTP 500 MHz 10GBASE-T Ethernet Improved standards, tested to 500 MHz. Full 100M distance at 10GBASE-T ISO/IEC 11801 2nd Ed. Am. 2. (2008), ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 (2009)
Cat 7 S/FTP, F/FTP 600 MHz 10GBASE-T Ethernet or POTS/CATV/1000BASE-T over single cable Fully shielded cable. ISO/IEC 11801 2nd Ed. (2002). It is not recognized by the EIA/TIA.
Cat 7A S/FTP, F/FTP 1000 MHz 10GBASE-T Ethernet or POTS/CATV/1000BASE-T over single cable Uses all four pairs. ISO/IEC 11801 2nd Ed. Am. 2. (2008). It is not recognized by the EIA/TIA.
Cat 8/8.1 F/UTP, U/FTP 2000 MHz 40GBASE-T Ethernet or POTS/CATV/1000BASE-T over single cable ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1, ISO/IEC 11801-1:2017
Cat 8.2 S/FTP, F/FTP 2000 MHz 40GBASE-T Ethernet or POTS/CATV/1000BASE-T over single cable ISO/IEC 11801-1:2017
Solid-core cable vs. stranded cable[edit]
A solid-core cable uses one solid wire per conductor and in a four pair cable there would be a total of eight solid wires.[13] Stranded conductor uses multiple wires wrapped around each other in each conductor and in a four pair with seven strands per conductor cable, there would be a total of 56 wires (2 per pair × 4 pairs × 7 strands).[13]
Solid core cable is intended for permanently installed runs. It is less flexible than stranded cable and is more prone to failure if repeatedly flexed. Stranded cable is used for fly leads at patch panel and for connections from wall-ports to end devices, as it resists cracking of the conductors.
Connectors are designed differently for solid core than for stranded. Use of a connector with the wrong cable type can lead to unreliable cabling. Plugs designed for solid and stranded core are readily available, and some vendors even offer plugs designed for use with both types. The punch-down blocks on patch-panel and wall-port jacks are designed for use with solid core cable, these work via a method known as insulation-displacement which pierces the sides of the insulation and "bites" in to the copper conductor to form a connection.
Advantages[edit]
Electrical noise going into or coming from the cable can be prevented.[16]
Crosstalk is minimized.[16]
Cheapest form of cable available for networking purposes.[16]
Easy to handle and install.[16]
Disadvantages[edit]
Deformation: twisted pair's susceptibility to electromagnetic interference greatly depends on the pair twisting schemes (sometimes patented by the manufacturers) staying intact during the installation. As a result, twisted pair cables usually have stringent requirements for maximum pulling tension as well as minimum bend radius. This fragility of twisted pair cables makes the installation practices an important part of ensuring the cable's performance.[17]
Delay skew: different pairs within the cable have different delays, due to different twist rates used to minimize crosstalk between the pairs. This can degrade image quality when multiple pairs are used to carry components of a video signal. Low skew cable is available to mitigate this problem.[18][19]
Imbalance: differences between the two wires in a pair can cause coupling between the common mode and the differential mode. Differential to common mode conversion produces common mode currents that can cause external interference and can produce common mode signals in other pairs. Common mode to differential mode conversion can produce differential mode signals from common mode interference from other pairs or external sources. Imbalance can be caused by asymmetry between the two conductors of the pair from each other and in relationship to other wires and the shield. Some sources of asymmetry are differences in conductor diameter and insulation thickness. In telephone jargon, the common mode is called longitudinal and the differential mode is called metallic.[20]
Less common variants[edit]
Loaded twisted pair
A twisted pair that has intentionally added inductance, formerly common practice on telecommunication lines. The added inductors are known as load coils and reduce attenuation for voiceband frequencies but increase it on higher frequencies. Load coils reduce distortion in voiceband on very long lines.[21] In this context a line without load coils is referred to as an unloaded line.
Bonded twisted pair
A twisted pair variant in which the pairs are individually bonded to increase robustness of the cable. Pioneered by Belden, it means the electrical specifications of the cable are maintained despite rough handling.[22]
Twisted ribbon cable
A variant of standard ribbon cable in which adjacent pairs of conductors are bonded and twisted together. The twisted pairs are then lightly bonded to each other in a ribbon format. Periodically along the ribbon there are short sections with no twisting to enable connectors and PCB headers to be terminated using the usual ribbon cable IDC techniques.[23]
See also[edit]
Ethernet over twisted pair
Balanced line
Copper wire and cable
Litz wire
Registered jack
Star quad cable increases cancellation of interference
TIA/EIA-568-B
Tip and ring
References[edit]
Jump up ^ McBee, David Barnett, David Groth, Jim (2004). Cabling : the complete guide to network wiring (3rd ed.). San Francisco: SYBEX. p. 11. ISBN 9780782143317.
Jump up ^ "Crosstalk dependence on number of turns/inch for twisted pair versions of the end-cap umbilical cable" (PDF).
Jump up ^ US 244426, Bell, Alexander Graham, "Telephone-circuit", issued 1881 . See also TIFF format scans for USPTO 00244426
Jump up ^ Steven T. Karris (2009). Networks: Design and Management. Orchard Publications. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-934404-15-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Anitech Systems MP 4000 Manual
Jump up ^ Grounding for Screened and Shielded Network Cabling - Siemon
Jump up ^ Valerie, Maguire (2015-07-12). "Size of the Category 7A Installed Base" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-09-25.
Jump up ^ http://www.techfest.com/networking/cabling/ibmcs.htm
Jump up ^ Stephen Roberts, Telephone Installation Handbook, pp. 32-34, Elsevier, 2001 ISBN 0080521487.
Barry J. Elliot, Designing a Structured Cabling System to ISO 11801, p. 269, CRC Press, 2002 ISBN 0824741307.
Jump up ^ Telephony, vol. 153, p. 118, Telephone Publishing Corporation 1957.
Jump up ^ Paper Maker and British Paper Trade Journal, vol. 83-84, p. 294, November 1, 1932 OCLC 10634178
^ Jump up to: a b "CCNA: Network Media Types".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Comparison between CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT7 Cables".
Jump up ^ "Using UTP Cat5e vs. STP Cat5e Cable - SewellDirect.com". sewelldirect.com. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
Jump up ^ "CAT3 vs. CAT5 vs. CAT6 - CustomCable". CustomCable. 2011-12-24. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Twisted Pair Testing".
Jump up ^ "The Impact of Installation Stresses On Cable Performance" (PDF). Belden. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "7987R Technical Data Sheet (Metric)" (PDF). Belden.com. Belden. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "7989R Technical Data Sheet (Metric)" (PDF). Belden.com. Belden. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Reeve, Whitman D. (1995). Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission Handbook - Digital (1st ed.). IEEE Press. pp. 215–220. ISBN 0-7803-0440-3.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Line Impairments". Cisco.com. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
Jump up ^ "Contractor Field-Testing Survey Reveals Performance-Related Cost Savings Using Bonded-Pair Cables" (PDF). Belden.com. Belden. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "3M Twisted Pair Flat Cable" (PDF). 3M. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twisted-pair cables.
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