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A Christmas Story
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For other uses, see A Christmas Story (disambiguation).
A Christmas Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Bob Clark
Produced by
Rene Dupont
Bob Clark
Written by
Jean Shepherd
Leigh Brown
Bob Clark
Based on
In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash
by Jean Shepherd
Starring
Melinda Dillon
Darren McGavin
Peter Billingsley
Music by
Carl Zittrer
Paul Zaza
Cinematography
Reginald H. Morris
Edited by
Stan Cole
Production
company
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by
MGM/UA Entertainment Co.
Release date
November 18, 1983 (1983-11-18)
Running time
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3.3 million[1]
Box office
$20.6 million[1]
A Christmas Story is a 1983 American Christmas comedy film directed by Bob Clark and based on Jean Shepherd's semi-fictional anecdotes in his 1966 book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash, with some elements from his 1971 book Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories. It stars Melinda Dillon, Darren McGavin, and Peter Billingsley. A seasonal classic in North America, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. Since 1997, a marathon of the film titled "24 Hours of A Christmas Story" has aired annually on TNT and/or TBS, comprising twelve consecutive airings of the film on both Christmas Eve and Christmas Day each year.[2]
The film was released on November 18, 1983. It earned two Canadian Genie Awards in 1984 and in 2012 was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Casting
3 Production
3.1 Locations
3.2 Red Ryder BB gun
3.3 Dating the story
4 Soundtrack
5 Release and reception
6 Broadcasting and home video release
6.1 Television
6.1.1 24 Hours of A Christmas Story
6.2 Subsequent and earlier works
6.2.1 Stage adaptations
6.3 Home video releases
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
The film is presented in a series of vignettes, with narration provided by the adult Ralphie Parker reminiscing on one particular Christmas when he was nine years old. Ralphie wanted only one thing for that Christmas: a Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-shot Range Model air rifle. Ralphie's desire is rejected by his mother, his teacher Miss Shields, and even a Santa Claus at Higbee's department store, all giving him the same warning: "You'll shoot your eye out."
Christmas morning arrives and Ralphie dives into his presents. Although he does receive some presents he enjoys, Ralphie ultimately is disappointed that he did not receive the one thing he wanted more than anything. After it appears all of the presents have been opened, Ralphie's father, "The Old Man," directs Ralphie to look at one last present that he had hidden. Ralphie opens it to reveal the Red Ryder gun he wanted.
Ralphie takes the gun outside and fires it at a target perched on a metal sign in the backyard. However, the BB ricochets back at Ralphie and knocks his glasses off. While searching for them, thinking he has indeed shot his eye out, Ralphie accidentally steps on his glasses and breaks them. He lies to his mother that a falling icicle broke his glasses, and she believes him.
Ralphie is in bed on Christmas night with his gun by his side. The adult Ralphie narrates that this was the best present he had ever received or would ever receive.
Other vignettes:
The Old Man wins a "major award" in a contest, which turns out to be a lamp in the shape of a woman's leg wearing a fishnet stocking, which was derived from the logo for Nehi (pronounced "knee-high") pop, a popular soft drink of the period.[4] The Old Man is overjoyed by the lamp, but Mrs. Parker does not like it and a feud over it — referred to by adult Ralphie as "The Battle of the Lamp" — develops and results in the lamp's "accidental" destruction.[5]
The Old Man also fights a never-ending battle with the malfunctioning furnace in the Parker home. His frustrations cause him to swear quite often, including one profanity-laden rant that the adult Ralphie says "is still hanging in space over Lake Michigan."[6]
Still another source of frustration for The Old Man is the dogs that belong to the next door hillbilly neighbors, the Bumpuses. The Bumpuses own "at least 785 smelly hound dogs" that harass The Old Man whenever he comes home from work. On Christmas Day, the dogs ruin the family's dinner by romping through their kitchen and eating their turkey. This results in the family having Christmas dinner at a Chinese restaurant instead.[7]
Ralphie and his friends Flick and Schwartz are tormented by the neighborhood bullies Scut Farkus and Grover Dill. Ralphie eventually snaps and beats up Farkus.[8]
Flick accepts a dare from Schwartz to stick his tongue onto the school flagpole. His tongue freezes onto the pole, requiring assistance from the police and fire department to free him.
After getting a Christmas tree on the ride home, one of The Old Man's tires becomes flat, so he goes to fix it. Mrs. Parker encourages Ralphie to help. When Ralphie flips the tire he says, "Oh Fudge!" but he actually said the bad word. At home, Ralphie is given Lifebuoy soap in his mouth. His mother asks where he heard the word. He actually has heard from The Old Man every day but chickens out and says Schwartz. This leads to his mother calling Schwartz's mother on the phone.
For homework, Ralphie and his class are assigned to write on what they want for Christmas. Ralphie knows what he is going to write about: The Red Ryder BB Gun. He imagines the ultimate A+, but gets a C+, with Miss Shields writing, "You'll shoot your eye out!" on the paper.
Ralphie, a fan of the Little Orphan Annie radio program, eagerly awaits the arrival of a decoder pin he has applied to receive. When it comes in the mail, he uses it to decode a secret message at the end of the day's broadcast, but is disappointed to find it is only an advertisement for Ovaltine, the show's sponsor.
Cast[edit]
Peter Billingsley as Ralphie Parker
Jean Shepherd as adult Ralphie (voice)
Ian Petrella as Randy Parker
Melinda Dillon as Mrs. Parker
Darren McGavin as Mr. Parker (The Old Man)
Scott Schwartz as Flick
R. D. Robb as Schwartz
Zack Ward as Scut Farkus
Yano Anaya as Grover Dill
Tedde Moore as Miss Shields
Jeff Gillen as Santa Claus
Casting[edit]
The basis of the screenplay is a series of monologues written and performed by Jean Shepherd on radio. Shepherd wrote the screenplay adaptation with Bob Clark and Leigh Brown.[9] Several subplots are incorporated into the body of the film, based on other separate short stories by Shepherd. Shepherd provides the film's narration from the perspective of an adult Ralphie, a narrative style later used in the dramedy television series The Wonder Years. Shepherd, Brown and Clark all have cameo appearances in the film: Shepherd plays the man who directs Ralphie and Randy to the back of the Santa line at the department store; Brown – Shepherd's wife in real life – plays the woman in the Santa line with Shepherd; Clark plays Swede, the neighbor the Old Man talks to outside during the Leg Lamp scene.
In the DVD commentary, director Bob Clark mentions that Jack Nicholson was considered for the role of the Old Man; Clark expresses gratitude that he ended up with Darren McGavin instead, who later appeared in several other Clark films. He cast Melinda Dillon on the basis of her similar role in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Some 8,000 actors auditioned for the role of Ralphie; "He walked in, and he had us from the beginning," Clark later recalled of Peter Billingsley who was already a successful actor in commercials[10] and from co-hosting the TV series Real People. Clark initially wanted him for the role of Ralphie, but decided he was "too obvious" a choice and auditioned many other young actors before realizing that Billingsley was the right choice after all.
Ian Petrella was cast immediately before filming began. Tedde Moore had previously appeared in Clark's film Murder by Decree and was the only onscreen character from A Christmas Story who was played by the same actor in the sequel, My Summer Story. Jeff Gillen was an old friend of Clark's who had been in one of his earliest films.[11] The schoolyard bully, Scut Farkus, was played by Zack Ward, now an actor, writer and director, who had actually been bullied himself while in elementary school. In 2017, he said he was surprised at the impact his role had had over the years. "I saw that I was ranked — as Christmas villains go — higher than the Grinch. That’s amazing."[12]
Production[edit]
The screenplay for A Christmas Story is based on material from author Jean Shepherd's collection of short stories, In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash. Three of the semi-autobiographical short stories on which the film is based were originally published in Playboy magazine between 1964 and 1966.[13] Shepherd later read "Duel in the Snow, or Red Ryder nails the Cleveland Street Kid" and told the otherwise unpublished story "Flick's Tongue" on his WOR Radio talk show, as can be heard in one of the DVD extras.[14] Bob Clark states on the DVD commentary that he became interested in Shepherd's work when he heard "Flick's Tongue" on the radio in 1968. Additional source material for the film, according to Clark, came from unpublished anecdotes that Shepherd told live audiences "on the college circuit."[11]
Locations[edit]
The front of the Parkers' house where A Christmas Story was filmed, in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland's west side. The building has now been restored, reconfigured inside to match the soundstage interiors, and opened to the public as A Christmas Story House.
The film is set in Hohman, Indiana, a fictionalized version of Shepherd's hometown of Hammond, named for Hohman Avenue, which runs through downtown Hammond.[15] Local references in the film include Warren G. Harding Elementary School and Cleveland Street (where Shepherd spent his childhood). Other local references include mention of a person "swallowing a yo-yo" in nearby Griffith,[16] the Old Man being one of the fiercest "furnace fighters in northern Indiana" and that his obscenities were "hanging in space over Lake Michigan," a mention of the Indianapolis 500, and the line to Santa Claus "stretching all the way to Terre Haute, Indiana." The Old Man is also revealed to be a fan of the Bears (whom he jokingly calls the "Chicago Chipmunks") and White Sox, consistent with living in northwest Indiana.
Director Bob Clark reportedly sent scouts to twenty cities before selecting Cleveland for exterior filming. Cleveland was chosen because of Higbee's Department Store in downtown Cleveland. (Since Higbee's was exclusive to northeast Ohio,[17] the department store referenced in Shepherd's book and the film is most likely Goldblatt's, located in downtown Hammond [with the Cam-Lan Chinese Restaurant three doors down on Sibley Ave].) Until they connected with Higbee's, location scouts had been unsuccessful in finding a department store that was willing to be part of the film. Higbee's vice president Bruce Campbell agreed to take part in the project on the condition he be allowed to edit the script for cursing. Ultimately, Higbee's was the stage for three scenes in the film:
The opening scene in which Ralphie first spies the Red Ryder BB Gun in the store's Christmas window display. Higbee's was known for its elaborate, child-centered Christmas themes and decorations, with Santa as the centerpiece.
The parade scene, filmed just outside Higbee’s on Public Square at 3 AM. The parade was filmed at night because during the daytime the 1960s Erieview Tower and Federal Building were visible from the Public Square, as was the BP Tower, which was under construction at the time.
Ralphie and Randy’s visit to see Santa, which was filmed inside Higbee’s. The store kept the Santa slide that was made for the film and used it for several years after the film's release.
Higbee's became Dillard's in 1992 and closed for good in 2002.[18]
In addition to the scenes involving Higbee's, the exterior shots (and select interior shots where Ralphie lived, including the opening of the leg lamp) of the house and neighborhood, were filmed in the Tremont section of Cleveland's West Side. The house used as the Parker home in these scenes has been restored, reconfigured inside to match the soundstage interiors, and opened to the public as "A Christmas Story House". Appropriately, the fictional boyhood home of Ralphie Parker is on Cleveland Street, the name of the actual street where Shepherd grew up.
However, Cleveland was only one of several locations used. The school scenes were shot at the Victoria School in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.[19] The Christmas tree-purchasing scene was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, as was the sound stage filming of interior shots of the Parker home.[20][21] The "...only I didn't say fudge" scene was filmed at the foot of Cherry Street in Toronto; several lake freighters are visible in the background spending the winter at Toronto's port, which lends authenticity to the time of year when the film was produced.
In 2008, two fans from Canada released a documentary that visits every location used in the film. Their film, Road Trip for Ralphie, was shot over two years and includes footage of the filmmakers saving Miss Shields' blackboard from the garbage bin on the day the old Victoria School was gutted for renovation, discovering the antique fire truck that saved Flick, locating all the original costumes from the film, and tracking down the real-life location of the film's Chop Suey Palace in Toronto.[22]
Red Ryder BB gun[edit]
Main article: Red Ryder BB Gun
The Red Ryder BB gun was available beginning in 1938 and remains available today, but never in the exact configuration mentioned in the film. The Daisy "Buck Jones" model did have a compass and a sundial in the stock, but these features were not included in the Red Ryder model.[23] The compass and sundial were placed on Ralphie's BB gun, but on the opposite side of the stock due to Peter Billingsley being left-handed.[24]
Dating the story[edit]
Director Bob Clark stated in the film's DVD commentary that both he and author Shepherd wished for the film to be seen as "amorphously late-'30s, early-'40s".[25] A specific year is never mentioned in the film; however, numerous sources including The New York Times and CBS News have dated the film variously at 1940 to the early 1940s.[26][27][28][29]
Soundtrack[edit]
A Christmas Story
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
November 10, 2009
Recorded
1983
Genre
Instrumental, holiday
Label
Rhino Records
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [30]
Release and reception[edit]
Initially overlooked as a sleeper film,[31] A Christmas Story was released a week before Thanksgiving 1983 to moderate success, earning about $2 million in its first weekend.[32] Vincent Canby's mostly negative New York Times review complained that "the movie's big comic pieces tend only to be exceedingly busy. Though Mr. Billingsley, Mr. Gavin, Miss Dillon and the actress who plays Ralphie's school teacher (Tedde Moore) are all very able, they are less funny than actors in a television situation comedy." [33]
Roger Ebert suggested the film had only modest success because holiday-themed films were not popular at the time[34] but he praised the nostalgia of the movie, and the Santa scene, which is the "best visit to Santa I've ever seen".[35]
The film would go on to win two categories in the 5th Genie Awards, for Director Bob Clark and Best Original Screenplay for the work of Leigh Brown, Bob Clark and Jean Shepherd.[36]
By Christmas 1983 the film was no longer playing at most venues, but remained in about a hundred theaters until January 1984.[11] Gross earnings were just over $19.2 million.[32] In the years since, due to television airings and home video release, A Christmas Story has become widely popular and is now an annual Christmas special. The film was produced and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The rights to the film were acquired by Turner Entertainment Co. after Ted Turner's purchase of MGM's pre-1986 film library. Subsequently, Time Warner purchased Turner Entertainment, and currently holds rights to the film.
Over the years, the film's critical reputation has grown considerably and it is considered by some to be one of the best films of 1983.[37] Based on 55 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating from critics of 89%, with an average score of 8.5/10. The site's consensus reads: "Both warmly nostalgic and darkly humorous, A Christmas Story deserves its status as a holiday perennial."[38] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[39] In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare[citation needed] four-star rating, calling the film "Delightful" and "Truly funny for kids and grown-ups alike" with "Wonderful period flavor."[40]
On December 24, 2007, AOL ranked the film their #1 Christmas film of all time.[41] IGN ranked the film the top holiday-themed film of all time.[42] In 2012, a Marist Poll named the film the favorite holiday film in the U.S.[43]
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated[44]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"You'll shoot your eye out." – Nominated[45]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[46]
Broadcasting and home video release[edit]
Television[edit]
The film first aired on television on HBO in 1985, and quickly attracted a growing following. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the film began airing quietly on SuperStation WTBS and Superstation WGN.[47] In 1988, then-fledgling Fox aired the film the night after Thanksgiving.[47] In 1989–1990, TBS showed it Thanksgiving night, while in 1991–1992, they aired it the night after.[47]
24 Hours of A Christmas Story[edit]
Turner Broadcasting has maintained ownership of the broadcast rights, and since the mid-1990s, aired the film increasingly on TBS, TNT, and TCM. By 1995, it was aired on those networks a combined six times on December 24–26,[47] and in 1996, it was aired eight times over those three days.[47]
Due to the increasing popularity of the film, in 1997, TNT began airing a 24-hour marathon dubbed "24 Hours of A Christmas Story," consisting of the film shown twelve consecutive times beginning at 7 or 8 p.m. on Christmas Eve and ending Christmas Day.[47] This was in addition to various other airings earlier in the month of December. In 2004, after TNT switched to a predominantly drama format, sister network TBS, under its comedy-based "Very Funny" moniker, took over the marathon. Clark stated that, in 2002, an estimated 38.4 million people tuned into the marathon at one point or another, nearly one sixth of the country.[11] TBS reported 45.4 million viewers in 2005,[48] and 45.5 million in 2006.[49] In 2007, new all-time ratings records were set,[50] with the highest single showing (8 p.m. Christmas Eve) drawing 4.4 million viewers.[50] Viewership increased again in 2008, with 8 p.m. Christmas Eve drawing 4.5 million viewers, and 10 p.m. drawing 4.3 million,[51] and 54.4 million total.[52] As of 2009, the film had been shown 250 times on the Turner family of networks.[52]
In 2007, the marathon continued, and the original tradition was revived. TNT also aired the film twice the Sunday of Thanksgiving weekend (November 25). In 2009, the 24-hour marathon continued on TBS, for the 13th overall year, starting at 8 p.m. eastern on Christmas Eve.[53]
In 2009, the film aired on TBS during a 24-hour marathon on Christmas Eve. The first viewing at 8 p.m. Eastern on December 24 earned a 1.6 rating (18–49) and beat the major broadcast networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, and Fox).[54] In 2010, the marathon averaged 3 million viewers, up 2% from the previous year, ranking TBS as the top cable network for the 24-hour period. The 10 a.m. airing on December 25 was seen by 4.4 million viewers, and the 8 p.m. airing on December 24 was close behind with 4.3 million viewers.[55] The marathons in 2011[56] and 2012[57] continued to see increases in ratings.
For the 2014 and 2015 editions of the marathon, Turner Broadcasting elected to simulcast it on both TNT and TBS, marking the first time since 2003 that TNT aired it as well as the first time the marathon is being carried by multiple stations; the two networks set their airings one hour apart (so that the TNT airings began while TBS was at the middle of the film).[58][59] Both networks were running 24 hour marathons in 2017, as well.[60]
Subsequent and earlier works[edit]
A sequel involving Ralphie and his family, titled My Summer Story (originally released as It Runs in the Family), was made in 1994. With the exceptions of Tedde Moore as Ralphie's teacher (Miss Shields) and Jean Shepherd as the narrator (the voice of the adult Ralphie), it features an entirely different cast. A series of television films involving the Parker family, also from Shepherd stories, were made by PBS, including Ollie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss (1988), The Star-Crossed Romance of Josephine Cosnowski (1985), The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters (1982), and The Phantom of the Open Hearth (1976).
A Christmas Story 2 is another sequel which ignores the references and events of My Summer Story and was released direct-to-video in 2012[61] and directed by Brian Levant. It was filmed in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.[62]
Stage adaptations[edit]
In 2000, a stage play adaptation of A Christmas Story was written by Philip Grecian.[63]
In November 2012, A Christmas Story: The Musical, based on the film, opened on Broadway. Written by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (music and lyrics) and Joseph Robinette (book), the musical opened to positive reviews.[64] The run ended December 30, 2012.[65] The musical was directed by John Rando with choreography by Warren Carlyle and featured Dan Lauria as Jean Shepherd.[66] The musical received Tony Award nominations for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical (Robinette), and Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre.[67]
The musical was then adapted for television as the three hour A Christmas Story Live!, which aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 17, 2017.[68] Reviews were mixed; on Rotten Tomatoes, the production received a 46% rating based on 13 critics' reviews and a very low 14% based on 44 audience reviews.[69]
Home video releases[edit]
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Betamax (1984,1988)
VHS (1984, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1999, 2000)
LaserDisc (1985): pan and scan
LaserDisc (1993): deluxe letterbox edition
DVD (1997, reissued by Warner Home Video in 1999): fullscreen, includes original theatrical trailer
DVD (2003) 20th Anniversary 2-Disc Special Edition DVD (2003): Widescreen & Fullscreen; includes cast interviews, audio commentary, and featurettes.
HD DVD (2006)[70]
Blu-ray (2006)[71]
DVD (2008) Ultimate Collector's Edition: Metal tin case features the same 2003 two-disc special edition, but includes special memorabilia.[72]
Blu-ray (2008) Ultimate Collector's Edition: Metal tin which features the same 2006 Blu-ray disc, but also includes a strand of Leg Lamp Christmas lights.[73]
Blu-ray (2013) 30th Anniversary Edition: Steelbook with Blu-ray in 1080p (like the previous Blu-ray and HD-DVD) with a DTS-HD Master Audio mono track (whereas the previous releases had Dolby Digital mono), and more special features than the previous Blu-ray and HD-DVD.
See also[edit]
Film portal
Christmas portal
1980s portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Beck, Marilyn; Smith, Stacy Jenel (January 17, 2012). "'A Christmas Story' Sequel in Pre-production". Beck/Smith Hollywood. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Grecian, Philip (2000-08-01). A Christmas Story: A Play in Two Acts. ISBN 9781583420317.
Jump up ^ Isherwood, Charles (November 19, 2012). "Dreams of a Big Haul From Santa Claus: 'A Christmas Story, the Musical,' at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
Jump up ^ 'A Christmas Story, The Musical' Listing playbillvault.com
Jump up ^ 'A Christmas Story The Musical' Listing ibdb.com, accessed April 30, 2013
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Nominations Announced for 67th Annual Tony Awards; 'Kinky Boots' Earns 13 Nominations" Archived October 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. playbill.com, April 30, 2013
Jump up ^ http://deadline.com/2017/12/tv-review-a-christmas-story-live-1202228883/
Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_christmas_story_live/
Jump up ^ "A Christmas Story – HD DVD Review". High-Def Digest. December 5, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ High-Def Digest Staff (December 5, 2006). "A Christmas Story – Blu-ray Review". High-Def Digest. Archived from the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ Spurlin, Thomas (November 4, 2008). "A Christmas Story (Ultimate Collector's Edition) – DVD Review". DVDTalk.com. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "A Christmas Story (Ultimate Collector's Edition) – Blu-ray Review". High-Def Digest. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
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Jerry Maren
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jerry Maren
Maren attending the premiere of Dahmer Vs. Gacy in Hollywood on January 15, 2010
Born
Gerard Marenghi
(1920-01-24)January 24, 1920[1][2]
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died
May 24, 2018(2018-05-24) (aged 98)
La Jolla, California, U.S.
Resting place
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1938–2013
Known for
Last surviving Munchkin of The Wizard of Oz
Spouse(s)
Elizabeth Barrington
(m. 1975; d. 2011)
Gerard Marenghi (January 24, 1920[1][2] – May 24, 2018), known as Jerry Maren, was an American actor who played a Munchkin member of the Lollipop Guild in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz. He became the last surviving Munchkin following the death of Ruth Duccini on January 16, 2014, and was also the last surviving cast member with a speaking or singing role.[3][4]
Contents
1 Life and career
1.1 Promotional appearances
2 Personal life
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Life and career[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Gerard Marenghi, eventually known as Jerry Maren, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the youngest of eleven or twelve children.[1][5] His father, Emil Marenghi, worked at a shoe factory. His four brothers and five sisters were six feet or taller by 1939.[6]
At the age of 12, Maren started taking dancing lessons with his sister. He toured around New England with his dance instructor with an act called Three Steps and a Hop and was noticed by MGM scouts who were looking for three little guys who could sing and dance. Maren received a telegram, just after graduating from High school, asking him to come to California to work on a movie. He was offered nearly $100 per week plus expenses.[7]
In The Wizard of Oz, he played the green-garbed member of the Lollipop Guild (between Jakob "Jackie" Gerlich and Harry Earles), handing a lollipop to Dorothy Gale (Judy Garland). Maren was eighteen/nineteen years old when he shot his scenes for The Wizard of Oz in the latter part of 1938 and early 1939. At that time he stood just three feet six inches (107 cm). (Hormone treatments would allow Maren to grow to a height of four feet six inches (137 cm) later in life.)[1]
The reason behind his talents for performing stemmed from a persona he had built up years earlier as a thirteen-year-old during school vacations.[citation needed] He began attending lessons for singing and dancing in his early teens and enjoyed them so much that he opted to band together with his teacher in order to create an act known as "Three Steps and a Hop." This idea proved to be a small success on stage that toured the New England circuit for a considerable length of time thereafter. In the same year as The Wizard of Oz, he appeared in an Our Gang feature, Tiny Troubles, playing criminal "Light-Fingered Lester", and also appeared as an extra in the Western film The Terror of Tiny Town.[citation needed]
After The Wizard of Oz, Maren continued acting, and appeared in many movies and television shows. Some of these appearances were in the Our Gang comedy shorts, in At The Circus (1939), starring the Marx Brothers and as an ape in Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973). He is also featured, along with fellow Munchkin Billy Curtis, in American International Pictures' release Little Cigars (1973), about a gang of "midgets" on a crime spree.[citation needed]
In the 1950s Maren worked as a Little Oscar for the Oscar Mayer Company and as Buster Brown in television and radio commercials. Later he joined his friend Billy Barty in organizing Little People of America. Maren has also portrayed Mayor McCheese and The Hamburglar in commercials for McDonald's.[1]
In the late 1970s, Maren was the dapper little man in top hat and tuxedo on The Gong Show, heralding each show's big finish with an onslaught of confetti as Milton DeLugg's band played "Hoop Dee Doo". He made a notable appearance in the episode "Felix the Horseplayer" of The Odd Couple as Harry Tallman, a racehorse exerciser who gives Oscar tips on winning horses. In 1982 he played Morris the bellboy, a regular character in the ABC sitcom No Soap, Radio.[citation needed]
Maren had a walk-on role in an episode of Seinfeld ("The Yada Yada") and played a mime in the 2010-released comedy horror movie Dahmer Vs. Gacy. Maren also starred in the Eric Swelstad-directed horror movie Frankenstein Rising (2009).[8] In February 2009, Maren performed in Project Lodestar Sagas as "Thaddeus", appearing opposite former MGM child actress Margaret O'Brien, who played the lead role of Livia Wells.[citation needed]
Promotional appearances[edit]
Maren (far left), Karl Slover, Clarence Swensen and Margaret Pellegrini in 1998
On November 21, 2007, Maren appeared with six other Munchkin actors at the unveiling of a Hollywood Star for the Wizard of Oz Munchkins on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The other actors were Mickey Carroll, Ruth Duccini, Margaret Pellegrini, Meinhardt Raabe, Karl Slover, and Clarence Swensen.[9]
On June 3, 2010, Maren appeared at Turning Stone Resort & Casino in Verona, New York to promote a new Wizard of Oz slot machine.[10]
After September 2011 he stopped traveling or appearing at any of the Oz Festivals held throughout the country but did appear for a handprint and footprint ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on September 18, 2013.[11]
Personal life[edit]
Maren was married to Elizabeth Barrington from 1975 until her death at age 69 on January 27, 2011. He lived in southern California.[12]
On February 29, 2016, it was reported that Maren had died of pancreatic cancer, but these reports were false.[13] He posted a video on Instagram to say that he was alive and well, and according to friend Steve Cox, he didn't have cancer.[14]
When The Hollywood Reporter attempted to contact Maren for a story on little people in Hollywood in August 2016, Maren's caretakers informed the reporter that he was too frail to make further appearances or conduct interviews.[15]
Maren died in San Diego, California, at a nursing facility center in La Jolla, California on May 24, 2018, aged 98, from a combination of old age-related diseases including cachexia, heart failure and senile dementia.[16][1][17][18][19] Maren left no immediate survivors.[1]
He was the last survivor of The Wizard of Oz's adult Munchkin cast; his death left stunt doubles (Caren Marsh Doll and Ambrose Schindler) as the last two known people to appear on-screen during the film. A small number of anonymous female extras are also reported to survive, but they were children, rather than adults with dwarfism. He outlived all the major cast members of the film, as well as Buddy Ebsen, who originally played the Tin-Man. He was also the last surviving actor who co-starred in a film starring the Marx Brothers.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Jerry Maren, Who Sang and Danced as a Munchkin in Oz, Dies at 98". NYTimes.com. June 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Last surviving 'Wizard of Oz,' munchkin Jerry Maren dies".
Jump up ^ "Final female 'Oz' Munchkin Ruth Duccini dead at 95". nwitimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Trouble in 'Oz': the Munchkins' dirty secret". Retrieved January 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Motherly Women Big Pain To Jerry, A Midget Actor". The Pittsburgh Press. June 21, 1939. p. 15. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pays to Be a Midget". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 10, 1939. p. 34. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Harmetz, Aljean (2013). The Making of The Wizard of Oz (illustrated, reprint ed.). Chicago Review Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-1613748329. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Gore Filled Trailer: Frankenstein Rising, dreadcentral.com; accessed June 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Munchkin Star on the Walk of Fame, usatoday.com; accessed June 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Munchkin Lollipop Guild Member visits Turning Stone during Oz-Stravaganza". Wktv.com. June 4, 2010. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jerry Maren places hands in wet cement at TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles - Photos". UPI. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Potempa, Philip (2011-01-31). "'Wizard of Oz' Munchkin's wife, Elizabeth Maren, dead at 69". nwi.com. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Last 'Wizard of Oz' Munchkin: Jerry Maren NOT Dead ... Just Laying Low". tmz.com. March 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Munchkin Actor Jerry Maren Dead? 'Oz' Star Sets Record Straight At 96". inquisitr.com. March 2, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Abramovitch, Seth (August 25, 2016). "Little People, Big Woes in Hollywood: Low Pay, Degrading Jobs and a Tragic Death". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Oldest 'Wizard of Oz' Munchkin Jerry Maren's Heart Gave Out".
Jump up ^ Saunders, Emmeline (June 6, 2018). "Wizard Of Oz star Jerry Maren dies aged 98". mirror.co.uk. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Last 'Wizard of Oz' Munchkin Jerry Maren Dead at 98". tmz.com. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jerry Maren, last surviving "Wizard of Oz" munchkin, dead at 98". cbsnews.com. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Stephen Cox, "The Munchkins of Oz" Cumberland House ISBN 1-58182-269-3
Short and Sweet: The Life and Times of the Lollipop Munchkin (Paperback) by Jerry Maren (Author) Pub. Date: June 2008 ISBN 978-1-58182-543-5
External links[edit]
Jerry Maren on IMDb
Jerry Maren at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
GND: 136425976
ISNI: 0000 0001 1469 9324
LCCN: n2008002054
MusicBrainz: 41c36436-3b95-4d26-a1c1-b26eb4aeb264
VIAF: 28997159
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Maren&oldid=854819400"
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Gilbert Lani Kauhi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gilbert "Zulu" Kauhi
Born
Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi
(1937-10-17)October 17, 1937
Hilo, Big Island of Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii
Died
May 3, 2004(2004-05-03) (aged 66)
Hilo, Hawaii, U.S.
Other names
Zulu/Zoulou
Occupation
Actor, musician, comedian
Years active
1968–1997
Gilbert Francis Lani Damian Kauhi (October 17, 1937 – May 3, 2004), also known by the stage names Zulu[1] and Zoulou, was an American actor and comedian. He is remembered largely for his portrayal of Kono Kalakaua on the long-running television program Hawaii Five-O.
Contents
1 Career
2 Death
3 Filmography
4 References
5 External links
Career[edit]
Kauhi was born in Hilo on the "Big Island" of Hawaii. He began his career in Honolulu as a stand-up comedian, mimic, and singer, described by one journalist as "part Godfrey Cambridge, part Zero Mostel".[2] His nightly live show was a popular attraction at C'est Si Bon Supper Club in the Waikiki section of Honolulu before, during, and well after his brief television career. Kauhi was an accomplished surfer; he was known in Hawaii by the honorific "Waikiki Beach Boy."
In 1968, Zulu landed the role of the burly state police detective Kono on Hawaii Five-O. He left after four seasons, frustrated by the "dumb Hawaiian" image that his character projected, as well as off-camera conflicts with the show's star, Jack Lord. "[Lord] ... wouldn't let him do anything," said a co-worker.[2]
"My friends think I'm a trained-animal act," he said, in a 1971 interview. " 'Yes, boss; no, boss.' Well, some day this animal will be laughing all the way to the bank."[2] Zulu would go on to eight more television roles including a reprise role of Kono in the 1997 pilot for the revival series, Hawaii Five-0. He later hosted a Honolulu show called Big Z Movie Time.
Zulu worked on American Hawaii Cruise ships for a while as part of the Cruise Staff.
After ending his business relationship with his manager, Kauhi discovered that she had registered the name "Zulu" and he could not perform as Zulu without her permission. For the rest of his career he performed as Zoulou.
Death[edit]
Kauhi died in Hilo at the age of 66 from complications due to diabetes. Per his wishes, his ashes were scattered off Waikiki.[3]
Filmography[edit]
Rampage (1963) - guard to the tribal leader
Uncredited
I Sailed to Tahiti with an All Girl Crew (1968) - Jail guard
Hawaii Five-O (1968–1972) (95 episodes) - Kono
The Brian Keith Show (1972–1973) (3 episodes) - Chief Hanamakii / Zulu
Code Name: Diamond Head (1977) - Zulu
The Paradise Connection (1979) - Rudy
Charlie's Angels (1981) - Kono (uncredited)
Magnum, P.I. (1982) - Hotel Doorman
Hawaii Five-O (1997 pilot for revival series) - Kono (final film role)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mike Gordon (6 May 2004). "Zulu, of Hawaii Five-0, is dead at 66". The Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c Whitney, Dwight (September 4, 1971): Jack Lord, Superstar. TV Guide archive Retrieved April 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Zulu's ashes scattered after Waikiki beachboy funeral". KPUA am 670. 6 June 2004. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
External links[edit]
Gilbert Lani Kauhi at Find a Grave
Gilbert Lani Kauhi on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Lani_Kauhi&oldid=853869615"
Categories:
1937 births
2004 deaths
American male television actors
Deaths from diabetes
Male actors from Hawaii
Native Hawaiian musicians
Native Hawaiian people
People from Hilo, Hawaii
Male actors from Honolulu
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American musicians
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This page was last edited on 7 August 2018, at 13:34 (UTC).
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