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Friday the 13th (1980 film)
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Friday the 13th
Theatrical release poster by Alex Ebel
Directed by
Sean S. Cunningham
Produced by
Sean S. Cunningham
Written by
Victor Miller
Starring
Betsy Palmer
Adrienne King
Harry Crosby
Laurie Bartram
Mark Nelson
Jeannine Taylor
Robbi Morgan
Kevin Bacon
Music by
Harry Manfredini
Cinematography
Barry Abrams
Edited by
Bill Freda
Production
company
Georgetown Productions
Sean S. Cunningham Films
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures (US)
Warner Bros. (International)
Release date
May 9, 1980 (1980-05-09)
Running time
95 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$550,000
Box office
$59.8 million
Friday the 13th is a 1980 American slasher film produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham and written by Victor Miller. The film tells the story of a group of teenagers who are murdered one by one by an unknown killer while attempting to re-open an abandoned campground, and stars Betsy Palmer, Adrienne King, Harry Crosby, Laurie Bartram, Kevin Bacon, Jeannine Taylor, Mark Nelson and Robbi Morgan.
Prompted by the success of John Carpenter's Halloween,[1] the film was made on an estimated budget of $550,000 and released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and by Warner Bros.[2] in Europe. When originally released, the film received negative reviews from film critics, while managing to gross over $39.7 million at the box office in the United States.[3] In the years that followed, retrospective reviews for the film have been more positive, and it has become a cult classic.
Aside from being the first movie of its kind to secure distribution in the US by a major studio (Paramount Pictures),[4] the film's box office success led to a long series of sequels, a crossover with A Nightmare on Elm Street, and a 2009 series reboot.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing
3.3 Casting
4 Music
5 Box office
6 Reception
7 Home media
8 Cultural significance
9 Related works
9.1 Sequels
9.2 Adaptions and literature
10 See also
11 References
12 Works cited
13 External links
Plot[edit]
In the summer of 1958 at Camp Crystal Lake, two counselors named Barry and Claudette sneak away from a campfire and into a storage barn. They prepare to have sex before an unseen assailant enters and murders them.
Twenty one years later, on June 13, newly hired counselor Annie Phillips asks for directions to the reopened Camp Crystal Lake. An elderly man, Crazy Ralph, warns her against going, believing that the camp has a "death curse." A friendly truck driver named Enos agrees to give Annie a lift halfway to the camp. During the drive, Enos warns Annie about the camp, informing her that a young boy drowned at Crystal Lake in 1957 and about the two murders the following year. After Enos drops her off, Annie hitches another ride from an unseen assailant, who chases her into the woods and slashes her throat.
At the camp, counselors Ned, Jack, Bill, Marcie, Brenda, and Alice, along with the owner Steve Christy, refurbish the cabins and facilities. As a thunderstorm approaches, Steve leaves the campground to stock supplies. Meanwhile, the killer arrives at the camp and begins to murder the counselors one by one. After a few strange incidents, Ned sees someone walk into one of the cabins and follows. As Jack and Marcie have sex in one of the cabin's bunk beds, they are unaware of Ned's body directly above them, with his throat slit. Soon after, Jack is killed when his throat is pierced with an arrow from beneath the bed, and the killer murders Marcie by slamming an axe into her face. Brenda hears a child's voice calling for help and ventures outside her cabin to the archery range, only for the range lights to turn on as she is attacked off-screen. Steve returns to the camp and is confronted by the unseen killer, who he recognizes before being stabbed.
Alice and Bill are worried by their friends' disappearances, and they leave the main cabin to investigate, only to discover a bloody axe in Brenda's bed, the phones disconnected, and the cars inoperable. When the power goes out, Bill goes to check on the generator. Alice then heads out to look for him. Upon finding Bill's body impaled with arrows to the generator room's door, she flees back to the main cabin to hide only to be traumatized further when Brenda's body is thrown through the window.
Alice sees a vehicle pull up and rushes outside, thinking it is Steve. Instead, she is greeted by a middle-aged woman named Mrs. Voorhees, who claims to be an old friend of Steve's. As Alice brings her inside, Mrs. Voorhees reveals that her son Jason was the boy who drowned in 1957. She blames his death on the counselors who were supposed to be watching him but instead were having sex, not paying attention to Jason's drowning. Revealing herself as the killer, Mrs. Voorhees turns violent and rushes toward Alice with a bowie knife, attempting to kill her. In the ensuing chase, Alice finds Annie's body inside Mrs. Voorhees' car and Steve's body hanging from the roof. Following a confrontation in which Mrs. Voorhees is knocked out, Alice escapes to the shore. Just as she begins to relax, Mrs. Voorhees finds her and attempts to kill her again. During the final struggle, Alice decapitates her with a machete. Afterwards, a traumatized Alice boards and falls asleep inside a canoe, which floats out on Crystal Lake.
Just as Alice awakens and sees police arriving, Jason's decomposing body suddenly emerges and drags her underwater. She then awakens in a hospital, where a police officer and medical staff tend to her. When she asks about Jason, the officer says that there was no sign of any boy. Alice says, "He's still there," as the lake is shown at peace.
Cast[edit]
Betsy Palmer as Mrs. Voorhees
Adrienne King as Alice Hardy
Harry Crosby III as Bill Brown
Jeannine Taylor as Marcie Cunningham/Stanler
Laurie Bartram as Brenda Jones
Kevin Bacon as Jack Burrell/Marand
Mark Nelson as Ned Rubenstein
Robbi Morgan as Annie Phillips
Peter Brouwer as Steve Christy
Rex Everhart as Enos
Walt Gorney as Crazy Ralph
Willie Adams as Barry Jackson
Debra S. Hayes as Claudette Hayes
Ari Lehman as Jason Voorhees
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Friday the 13th did not have a completed script when Sean S. Cunningham took out this advertisement in Variety magazine
Friday the 13th was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, who had previously worked with filmmaker Wes Craven on the film The Last House on the Left. Cunningham, inspired by John Carpenter's Halloween, wanted Friday the 13th to be shocking, visually stunning and "[make] you jump out of your seat". Wanting to distance himself from The Last House on the Left, Cunningham wanted Friday the 13th to be more of a "roller-coaster ride".[1]
Friday the 13th began its life as nothing more than a title. Initially, A Long Night at Camp Blood was the working title during the writing process, but Cunningham believed in his "Friday the 13th" moniker, and quickly rushed out to place an advertisement in Variety. Worried that someone else owned the rights to the title and wanting to avoid potential lawsuits, Cunningham thought it would be best to find out immediately. He commissioned a New York advertising agency to develop his concept of the Friday the 13th logo, which consisted of big block letters bursting through a pane of glass.[5] In the end, Cunningham believed there were "no problems" with the title, but distributor George Mansour stated, "There was a movie before ours called Friday the 13th: The Orphan. It was moderately successful. But someone still threatened to sue. Either Phil Scuderi paid them off, but it was finally resolved."[6]
The film was shot in and around the townships of Hardwick, Blairstown and Hope, New Jersey in September 1979. The camp scenes were shot on a working Boy Scout camp, Camp No-Be-Bo-Sco which is located in Hardwick, New Jersey. The camp is still standing and still works as a summer camp.[7][8]
Writing[edit]
The script was written by Victor Miller, who later went on to write for several television soap operas, including Guiding Light, One Life to Live and All My Children. Miller delighted in inventing a serial killer who turned out to be somebody's mother, a murderer whose only motivation was her love for her child. "I took motherhood and turned it on its head and I think that was great fun. Mrs. Voorhees was the mother I'd always wanted—a mother who would have killed for her kids." Miller was unhappy about the filmmakers' decision to make Jason Voorhees the killer in the sequels. "Jason was dead from the very beginning. He was a victim, not a villain."[9] The idea of Jason appearing at the end of the film was initially not used in the original script, and was actually suggested by makeup designer Tom Savini. Savini stated that "The whole reason for the cliffhanger at the end was I had just seen Carrie, so we thought that we need a 'chair jumper' like that, and I said, 'let's bring in Jason'".[10]
Casting[edit]
A New York-based firm, headed by Julie Hughes and Barry Moss, was hired to find eight young actors to play the camp's staff members. Cunningham admits that he was not looking for "great actors", but anyone that was likable, and appeared to be a responsible camp counselor. The way Cunningham saw it, the actors would need to look good, read the dialogue somewhat well, and work cheap. Moss and Hughes were happy to find four actors, Kevin Bacon, Laurie Bartram, Peter Brouwer, and Adrienne King, who had previously appeared on soap operas.[11] The role of "Alice" was set up as an open casting call, a publicity stunt used to attract more attention to the film. King earned an audition primarily because she was the friend of someone working in Moss and Hughes’s office. After she auditioned, Moss recalls Cunningham commenting that they saved the best actress for last. As Cunningham explains, he was looking for people that could behave naturally, and King was able to show that to him in the audition.[12]
I didn't even really think of this movie as a horror film. "To me, this was a small independent film about carefree teenagers who are having a rip-roaring time at a summer camp where they happen to be working as counselors. Then they just happen to get killed."
—Jeannine Taylor on how she viewed Friday the 13th.[12]
With King cast in the role of lead heroine Alice, Laurie Bartram was hired to play Brenda. Kevin Bacon, Mark Nelson and Jeannine Taylor, who had known each other prior to the film, were cast as Jack, Ned, and Marcie respectively. It is Bacon and Nelson's contention that, because the three already knew each other, they already had the specific chemistry the casting director was looking for in the roles of Jack, Ned, and Marcie.[11] Taylor has stated that Hughes and Moss were highly regarded while she was an actress, so when they offered her an audition she felt that, whatever the part, it would "be a good opportunity".[12]
Friday the 13th was Nelson's first feature film, and when he went in for his first audition the only thing he was given to read were some comedic scenes. Nelson received a call back for a second audition, which required him to wear a bathing suit, which Nelson acknowledges made him start to wonder if something was off about this film. He did not fully realize what was going on until he got the part and was given the full script to read. Nelson explains, "It certainly was not a straight dramatic role, and it was only after they offered me the part that they gave me the full script to read and I realized how much blood was in it."[12] Nelson believes that Ned used humor to hide his insecurities, especially around Brenda, whom the actor believes Ned was attracted to. Nelson recalls an early draft of the script stating that Ned suffered from polio, and his legs were deformed while his upper body was muscular.[13] Ned is believed to have given birth to the "practical joker victim" of horror films. According to author David Grove, there was no equivalent character in John Carpenter's Halloween, or Bob Clark's Black Christmas before that. He served as a model for the slasher films that would follow Friday the 13th.[14]
I went in to audition for [Moss and Hughes] for something else. They said, "you know, Robbi, you're not really right for this, but there's a movie called Friday the 13th and they need an adorable camp counselor."
—Robbi Morgan on how she landed the role of Annie.[12]
The part of Bill was handed over to Harry Crosby, son of Bing Crosby. Robbi Morgan, who plays Annie, was not auditioning for the film when she was offered the role. While in her office, Hughes just looked at Morgan and proclaimed "you're a camp counselor". The next day Morgan was on the set.[11] Morgan only appeared on-set for a day to shoot all her scenes. Rex Everhart, who portrays Enos, did not film the truck scenes with Morgan, so she had to either act with an imaginary Enos, or exchange dialogue with Taso Stavrakis—Savini's assistant—who would sit in the truck with her.[15] It was Peter Brouwer's girlfriend that helped him land a role on Friday the 13th. After recently being written off the show Love of Life, Brouwer moved back to Connecticut to look for work. Learning that his girlfriend was working as an assistant director for Friday the 13th, Brouwer asked about any openings. Initially told casting was looking for big stars to fill the role of Steve Christy, it was not until Sean Cunningham dropped by to deliver a message to Brouwer's girlfriend, and saw him working in a garden, that Brouwer was hired.[11]
Estelle Parsons was initially asked to portray the film's killer, Mrs. Voorhees, but eventually declined. Her agent cited that the film was too violent, and did not know what kind of actress would play such a part. Hughes and Moss sent a copy of the script to Betsy Palmer, in hopes that she would accept the part. Palmer could not understand why someone would want her for a part in a horror film, as she had previously starred in films such as Mister Roberts, The Angry Man, and The Tin Star. Palmer only agreed to play the role because she needed to buy a new car, even when she believed the film to "be a piece of shit."[11] Stavrakis subbed for Betsy Palmer as well, which involved Morgan's character being chased through the woods by Mrs. Voorhees, although the audience only sees a pair of legs running after Morgan. Palmer had just arrived in town when those scenes were about to be filmed, and was not in the physical shape necessary to chase Morgan around the woods. Morgan's training as an acrobat assisted her in these scenes, as her character was required to leap out of a moving jeep when she discovers that Mrs. Voorhees does not intend to take her to the camp.[15] Betsy Palmer explains how she developed the character of Mrs. Voorhees:
"Being an actress who uses the Stanislavsky method, I always try to find details about my character. With Pamela... I began with a class ring that I remember reading in the script that she'd worn. Starting with that, I traced Pamela back to my own high school days in the early 1940s. So it's 1944, a very conservative time, and Pamela has a steady boyfriend. They have sex—which is very bad of course—and Pamela soon gets pregnant with Jason. The father takes off and when Pamela tells her parents, they disown her because having... babies out of wedlock isn't something that good girls do. I think she took Jason and raised him the best she could, but he turned out to be a very strange boy. [She took] lots of odd jobs and one of those jobs was as a cook at a summer camp. Then Jason drowns and her whole world collapses. What were the counselors doing instead of watching Jason? They were having sex, which is the way that she got into trouble. From that point on, Pamela became very psychotic and puritanical in her attitudes as she was determined to kill all of the immoral camp counselors."[16]
Cunningham wanted to make the Mrs. Voorhees character "terrifying", and to that end he believed it was important that Palmer not act "over the top". There was also the fear that Palmer's past credits, as more of a wholesome character, would make it difficult to believe she could be scary.[17] Ari Lehman, who had previously auditioned for Cunningham's Manny's Orphans, failing to get the part, was determined to land the role of Jason Voorhees. According to Lehman, he went in very intense and afterward Cunningham told him he was perfect for the part.[11] In addition to the main cast, Walt Gorney came on as "Crazy Ralph", the town's soothsayer. The character of Crazy Ralph was meant to establish two functions: foreshadow the events to come, and insinuate that he could actually be the murderer. Cunningham has stated that he was apprehensive about including the character, and is not sure if he accomplished his goal of creating a new suspect.[12]
Music[edit]
Friday the 13th
Soundtrack album by Harry Manfredini
Released
January 13, 2012
Genre
Film score
Length
43:54
Label
Gramavision Records
La-La Land Records
When Harry Manfredini began working on the musical score, the decision was made to only play music when the killer was actually present so as to not "manipulate the audience".[18] Manfredini pointed out the lack of music for certain scenes: "There's a scene where one of the girls... is setting up the archery area... One of the guys shoots an arrow into the target and just misses her. It's a huge scare, but if you notice, there's no music. That was a choice."[18] Manfredini also noted that when something was going to happen, the music would cut off so that the audience would relax a bit, and the scare would be that much more effective.[citation needed]
Because the killer, Mrs. Voorhees, appears onscreen only during the final scenes of the film, Manfredini had the job of creating a score that would represent the killer in her absence.[18] Manfredini borrows from the 1975 film Jaws, where the shark is likewise not seen for the majority of the film but the motif created by John Williams cued the audience to the shark's invisible menace.[19] Sean S. Cunningham sought a chorus, but the budget would not allow it. While listening to a Krzysztof Penderecki piece of music, which contained a chorus with "striking pronunciations", Manfredini was inspired to recreate a similar sound. He came up with the sound "ki ki ki, ma ma ma" from the final reel when Mrs. Voorhees arrives and is reciting "Kill her, mommy!" The "ki" comes from "kill", and the "ma" from "mommy". To achieve the unique sound he wanted for the film, Manfredini spoke the two words "harshly, distinctly and rhythmically into a microphone" and ran them into an echo reverberation machine.[18] Manfredini finished the original score after a couple of weeks, and then recorded the score in a friend's basement.[19] Victor Miller and assistant editor Jay Keuper have commented on how memorable the music is, with Keuper describing it as "iconographic". Manfredini says, "Everybody thinks it's cha, cha, cha. I'm like, 'Cha, cha, cha? What are you talking about?'"[20]
In 1982, Gramavision Records released a LP record of selected pieces of Harry Manfredini's scores from the first three Friday the 13th films.[21] On 13 January 2012, La-La Land Records released a limited edition 6-CD boxset containing Manfredini's scores from the first six films. It sold out in less than 24 hours.[22]
Box office[edit]
Paramount bought Friday the 13th's distribution rights for $1.5 million, after seeing a screening of the film. They spent approximately $500,000 in advertisements for the film, and then an additional $500,000 when the film began performing well at the box office.[23] Friday the 13th opened theatrically on 9 May 1980 across the United States, ultimately expanding its release to 1,100 theaters. It took in $5,816,321 in its opening weekend, before finishing domestically with $39,754,601. It was the 18th highest-grossing film that year, facing stiff horror film competition from such high-profile releases as The Shining, Dressed To Kill, The Fog and Prom Night. The worldwide gross was $59,754,601.[24][25] Friday the 13th was released internationally, which was unusual for an independent film with, at the time, no well-recognized or bankable actors; aside from well-known television and movie actress Betsy Palmer.[26] The film would take in approximately $20 million in international box office receipts.[27] Not factoring in international sales, or the cross-over film with A Nightmare on Elm Street 's Freddy Krueger, the original Friday the 13th is the highest-grossing film of the film series.[28]
To provide context with the box office gross of films in 2014, the cost of making and promoting Friday the 13th—which includes the $550,000 budget and the $1 million in advertisement—is approximately $4.5 million. With regard to the US box office gross, the film would have made $177.72 million in adjusted 2017 dollars.[29] On 13 July 2007, Friday the 13th was screened for the first time on Blairstown's Main Street in the very theater which appears shortly after the opening credits.[8] Overflowing crowds forced the Blairstown Theater Festival, the sponsoring organization, to add an extra screening. The event was covered by local media and New York City's Channel 11, WPIX.[30] A 30th Anniversary Edition was released on March 10, 2010.[31] A 35th-anniversary screening was held in the Griffith Park Zoo as part of the Great Horror Campout on March 13, 2015.[32]
Reception[edit]
The film's most vocal detractor was Gene Siskel, who in his review called Cunningham "one of the most despicable creatures ever to infest the movie business".[33] He also published the address for Charles Bluhdorn, the chairman of the board of Gulf+Western, which owned Paramount, as well as Betsy Palmer's home city and encouraged fellow detractors to write to them and express their contempt for the film.[34] Siskel and Roger Ebert spent an entire episode of their TV show berating the film (and other slasher films of the time) because they felt it would make audiences root for the killer.[35] Leonard Maltin initially awarded the film one star, or 'BOMB', but later changed his mind and awarded the film a star and-a-half "simply because it's slightly better than Part 2" and called it a "gory, cardboard thriller".[36] Variety claimed the film was "low budget in the worst sense—with no apparent talent or intelligence to offset its technical inadequacies—Friday the 13th has nothing to exploit but its title."[37] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 19 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "Overwhelming dislike".[38]
Later on, retrospective reviews were much more positive regarding the film, with praise mainly towards its score, make-up effects, cinematography, charming cast, and Betsy Palmer's role, while it drew criticism for its script and lack of character development.[citation needed] Dave Kehr said that "For all its shoddiness, the film manages, just barely, to achieve its ignoble goals — it delivers what it promises".[citation needed] James Kendrick gave the film a 3 out of 4, calling it "a campfire boogeyman story designed to do little more than build tension and deliver a few well-timed shocks, which it does with precision and even a bit of artistry".[citation needed] Kevin Carr said that "what makes the movie work is that the slasher genre hadn't been set in stone yet, and some choices that director Sean S. Cunningham makes in the film that work against type".[citation needed]
Rotten Tomatoes gave the film 61% on 51 critic reviews, the consensus reading: “Rather quaint by today’s standards, Friday the 13th still has it’s share of bloody surprises and a ‘70s-holdover aesthetic to slightly compel.”[39] The film was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.[40] The film was nominated twice at the 1st Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Supporting Actress for Betsy Palmer, winning neither.[41]
Home media[edit]
On 3 February 2009, Paramount Home Entertainment released Friday the 13th on an unrated uncut home video version for the first time in the United States (all previous VHS Laserdisc and DVD releases were the rated theatrical version). It is available on both DVD and Blu-ray Disc. The uncut version of the film contains approximately 10 seconds of previously unreleased footage. In 2011, the uncut version of Friday the 13th was released in a 4-disc DVD collection with the first three sequels.[42] The Australia DVD/Blu-ray release was July 1, 2009, and features commentary by Sean S. Cunningham, among several other bonuses.
Cultural significance[edit]
Contemporary scholars in film criticism, such as Tony Williams, have credited Friday the 13th for initiating the subgenre of the "stalker" or slasher film.[43] Williams views Friday the 13th as "symptomatic of its era," particularly Reagan-era America, and part of a trajectory of films such as The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) and Race with the Devil (1975), which "exemplify a particular apocalyptic vision moving from disclosing family contradictions to self-indulgent nihilism."[43]
Cultural critic Graham Thompson also considers the film as a template, along with John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), that "instigated a rush" of films of its type, in which young people away from supervision are systematically stalked and murdered by a masked villain.[44] Film critic Timothy Shary notes in his book Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen (2012) that where Halloween introduced a "more subtle sexual curiosity within its morbid moral lesson," films such as Friday the 13th "capitali[zed] on the reactionary aspect of teen sexuality, slaughtering wholesale those youth who deigned to cross the threshold of sexual awareness."[45]
Related works[edit]
Sequels[edit]
Further information: Friday the 13th (franchise)
As of 2018, Friday the 13th has spawned ten sequels, including a crossover film with A Nightmare on Elm Street villain Freddy Krueger. Friday the 13th Part 2 (1981) introduced Jason Voorhees, the son of Mrs. Voorhees, as the primary antagonist, which would continue for the remaining sequels (with exception of the fifth movie) and related works. Most of the sequels were filmed on larger budgets than the original. For comparison, Friday the 13th had a budget of $550,000, while the first sequel was given a budget of $1.25 million.[46] At the time of its release, Freddy vs. Jason had the largest budget, at $25 million.[47] All of the sequels repeated the premise of the original, so the filmmakers made tweaks to provide freshness. Changes involved an addition to the title—as opposed to a number attached to the end—like "The Final Chapter" and "Jason Takes Manhattan", or filming the movie in 3-D, as Miner did for Friday the 13th Part III (1982).[48] One major addition that would affect the entire film series was the addition of Jason's hockey mask in the third film; this mask would become one of the most recognizable images in popular culture.[49]
A reboot to Friday the 13th came to theaters in February 2009, with Freddy vs. Jason writers Damian Shannon and Mark Swift hired to script the new film.[50] The film focused on Jason Voorhees, along with his trademark hockey mask.[51] The film was produced by Michael Bay, Andrew Form and Brad Fuller through Bay's production company Platinum Dunes, for New Line Cinema.[50] In November 2007, Marcus Nispel, director of the 2003 remake of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, was hired to direct.[52] The film had its United States release on 13 February 2009.[53]
Adaptions and literature[edit]
In 1987, seven years after the release of the motion picture, Simon Hawke produced a novelization of Friday the 13th. One of the few additions to the book was Mrs. Voorhees begging the Christy family to take her back after the loss of her son; they agreed.[54] Another addition in the novel is more understanding in Mrs. Voorhees' actions. Hawke felt the character had attempted to move on when Jason died, but her psychosis got the best of her. When Steve Christy reopened the camp, Mrs. Voorhees saw it as a chance that what happened to her son could happen again. Her murders were against the counselors, because she saw them all as responsible for Jason's death.[55]
A number of scenes from the film were recreated in Friday the 13th: Pamela's Tale, a two-issue comic book prequel released by WildStorm in 2007. In 2016, the book On Location in Blairstown: The Making of Friday the 13th was released detailing the planning and filming of the movie.[56]
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
1980s portal
Friday the 13th franchise
Friday the 13th (2009)
List of American films of 1980
Sean S. Cunningham filmography
Slasher genre
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Grove 2005, pp. 11–12.
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Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th". Variety. 31 December 1979. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th (1980) Reviews - Metacritic". Metacritic.com. Metacritic. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Friday the 13th (1980) - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.com. Flixer. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "List of top 400 heart-pounding thrillers" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Razzie Awards (1981)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Buy Movies at Movies Unlimited - The Movie Collector's Site". moviesunlimited.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams 2015, p. 185.
Jump up ^ Thompson 2007, p. 102.
Jump up ^ Shary 2012, p. 54.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, pp. 314–15.
Jump up ^ "Freddy Vs. Jason (2003)". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bracke 2006, p. 73–74.
Jump up ^ Kemble, Gary (January 13, 2001). "Movie Minutiae: the Friday the 13th series (1980-?)". ABC. Archived from the original on January 15, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (October 2, 2007). "Duo pumps new blood into 'Friday the 13th'". hollywoodreporter.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Platinum Confirmations: Near Dark, Friday the 13th Remakes". The Hollywood Reporter. October 3, 2007. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (November 14, 2007). "Nispel scores a date with next 'Friday'". hollywoodreporter.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Young Jason Cast in Friday the 13th remake". FearNet. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008.
Jump up ^ Hawke 1987, pp. 164–168.
Jump up ^ Grove 2005, p. 50.
Jump up ^ Weird New Jersey. issue 46. April 2016. p. 50.
Works cited[edit]
Bracke, Peter (October 11, 2006). Crystal Lake Memories. United Kingdom: Titan Books. ISBN 1-84576-343-2.
Grove, David (February 2005). Making Friday the 13th: The Legend of Camp Blood. United Kingdom: FAB Press. ISBN 1-903254-31-0.
Hawke, Simon (1987). Friday the 13th. New York: Signet. ISBN 0-451-15089-9.
Rockoff, Adam (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. ISBN 0-7864-1227-5.
Shary, Timothy (2012). Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50160-6.
Thompson, Graham (2007). American Culture in the 1980s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-748-62895-7.
Williams, Tony (2015). Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film (Revised ed.). Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-628-46107-7.
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Spiritual gift
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the gifts listed in Isaiah 11:2–3, see Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. For how Mormonism looks at spiritual gifts, see Gifts of the Spirit in Mormonism.
Not to be confused with chrism.
The term charism denotes any good gift that flows from God's benevolent love.[1]
A spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα charism, plural: χαρίσματα charismata) is an endowment or extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit [2][3] These are the supernatural graces which individual Christians need (and were needed in the days of the Apostles) to fulfill the mission of the Church.[4][5] In the narrowest sense, it is a theological term for the extraordinary graces given to individual Christians for the good of others and is distinguished from the graces given for personal sanctification, such as the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit and the fruit of the Holy Spirit.[1]
These extraordinary spiritual gifts, often termed "charismatic gifts", are the word of wisdom, the word of knowledge, increased faith, the gifts of healing, the gift of miracles, prophecy, the discernment of spirits, diverse kinds of tongues, interpretation of tongues. To these are added the gifts of apostles, prophets, teachers, helps (connected to service of the poor and sick), and governments (or leadership ability) which are connected with certain offices in the Church. These gifts are given by the Holy Spirit to individuals, but their purpose is to build up the entire Church.[1] They are described in the New Testament, primarily in 1 Corinthians 12,[6] Romans 12,[7] and Ephesians 4.[8] 1 Peter 4[9] also touches on the spiritual gifts.[2]
The gifts are related to both seemingly "natural" abilities and seemingly more "miraculous" abilities, empowered by the Holy Spirit.[5] The two major opposing theological positions on their nature is that they ceased long ago or that they continue (Cessationism versus Continuationism).
Contents
1 Biblical and theological overview
2 Descriptions
3 Other spiritual gifts
4 Social meaning
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
Biblical and theological overview[edit]
The New Testament contains several lists of spiritual gifts, most authored by St. Paul. While each list is unique, there is overlap.
Romans 12:6–8
1 Corinthians 12:8–10
1 Corinthians 12:28
Ephesians 4:11
1 Peter 4:11
Prophecy
Serving
Teaching
Exhortation
Giving
Leadership
Mercy
Word of wisdom
Word of knowledge
Faith
Gifts of healings
Miracles
Prophecy
Distinguishing between spirits
Tongues
Interpretation of tongues
Apostle
Prophet
Teacher
Miracles
Kinds of healings
Helps
Administration
Tongues
Apostle
Prophet
Evangelist
Pastor
Teacher
Whoever speaks
Whoever renders service[10]
Christians believe that the charismata were foretold by the Prophet Joel (2:28) and promised by Christ (Gospel of Mark 16:17–18). This promise was fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost and elsewhere as the church spread. In order to correct abuses concerning the spiritual gifts at Corinth, Paul devoted much attention to spiritual gifts in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (chapters 12–14).[1]
In 1 Corinthians 12, two Greek terms are translated as "spiritual gifts". In verse 1, the word pneumatika ("spirituals" or "things of the Spirit") is used. In verse 4, charisma is used. This word is derived from the word charis, which means "grace". In verses 5 and 6, the words diakonia (translated "administrations", "ministries", or "service") and energemata ("operations" or "inworkings") are used in describing the nature of the spiritual gifts. In verse 7, the term "manifestation (phanerosis) of the Spirit" is used.[11]
From these scriptural passages, Christians understand the spiritual gifts to be enablements or capacities that are divinely bestowed upon individuals. Because they are freely given by God, these cannot be earned or merited. Though worked through individuals, these are operations or manifestations of the Holy Spirit—not of the gifted person. They are to be used for the benefit of others, and in a sense they are granted to the church as a whole more than they are given to individuals. There is diversity in their distribution—an individual will not possess all of the gifts.[11] The purpose of the spiritual gifts is to edify (build up), exhort (encourage), and comfort the church.[12]
It is generally acknowledged that Paul did not list all of the gifts of the Spirit,[1] and many believe that there are as many gifts as there are needs in the body of Christ.[13] The gifts have at times been organized into distinct categories based on their similarities and differences to other gifts. Some divide them into three categories using Old Testament offices. "Prophetic" gifts include any gift involving teaching, encouraging, or rebuking others. "Priestly" gifts include showing mercy and care for the needy or involve intercession before God. "Kingly" gifts are those involving church administration or government.[14] Others categorize them into "gifts of knowledge" (word of wisdom, word of knowledge, distinguishing between spirits), "gifts of speech" (tongues, interpretation, prophecy), and "gifts of power" (faith, healing, miracles).[15] The gifts have also been categorized as those that promote the inner growth of the church (apostle, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits, teaching, word of wisdom/knowledge, helps, and administration) and those that promote the church's outer development (faith, miracles, healing, tongues, interpretation of tongues).[1]
Proponents of cessationism distinguish between the "extraordinary", "miraculous", or "sign" gifts (such as prophecy, tongues, and healing) and the other gifts.[16] Cessationism is held by some Protestants, especially from the Calvinist tradition, who believe that miraculous gifts and their operations were limited to early Christianity and "ceased" afterward.[17] Other Protestants, including Lutheran,[18] Methodist,[19] Pentecostals and charismatics, adhere to the continuationist position, believing that all the spiritual gifts are distributed among Christians by the Holy Spirit and that they are normative in contemporary Christendom. In addition, Roman Catholicism[20] and Eastern Orthodox Church also continue to believe in and make use of all of the spiritual gifts.
Descriptions[edit]
Apostle: The title apostle comes from the Greek word apostolos which means "a messenger, one sent forth with orders".[21] It refers to one who has been delegated authority by another in a foreign land.[22] Apostles were the first leaders of the Church; they were commissioned by Jesus to initiate and direct the preaching of the gospel. While many Christians agree that the title of apostle is reserved for those among the first generation of Christians, many Christian denominations continue in one way or another to recognize a continuing apostolic ministry. Many churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, believe in the doctrine of apostolic succession, which holds that properly ordained bishops are the successors to the apostles. Other Christian groups, such as classical Pentecostals, consider the role of a missionary to be fulfilling an apostolic ministry.[23] There are some Christians, however, who advocate restoring the Fivefold ministry, including the formal recognition of the office of apostle. Others would say that the office no longer exists.[24]
Prophet: In the New Testament, the office of prophet is to equip the saints for the work of service through exhortation, edification, and consolation (1 Corinthians 12:28; 1 Corinthians 14:3 Ephesians 4:11).[25] The prophet's corresponding gift is prophecy. Prophecy is "reporting something that God spontaneously brings to your mind".[26] Many, particularly Pentecostals and charismatics, distinguish between the "office of prophet" and the "gift of prophecy", believing that a Christian can possess the gift of prophecy without holding the prophetic office.[27]
Evangelist: An evangelist is one who devotes himself to preaching the gospel. In the New Testament, evangelists preached from city to city, church to church.[28]
Pastor: This term derives from a Greek word for "shepherd". In theory pastors are gifted to lead, guide, and set an example for other Christians. The grammatical structure of Ephesians 4:11 leads many to conclude that teacher and pastor should be considered one term (pastor-teacher). Even so, the two terms are not interchangeable; while all pastors are teachers, not all teachers are pastors. Pastoral Gifts include integrity and compassion. [29]
Teacher: Someone who devotes his or her life to preaching and teaching the Christian faith. When teaching is provided for the Church by God, two gifts are actually given—to the Church is given a teacher and along with the teacher comes a divine capacity to teach.[30]
Service: The word translated as "ministry" is diakonia, which can also be translated "service".[30] Since there are many types of ministries and service to the Church, this then describes a broad array of gifts rather than a single gift.
Exhortation: The ability to motivate Christians "to patient endurance, brotherly love, and good works".[31]
Giving: Those with this gift share their own possessions with others with extraordinary generosity. While all Christians should be givers, those possessing this gift will go beyond this normal giving.[31]
Leading: This gift speaks to the various leadership roles found in the Church. While many think of roles such as administration, management of funds, strategy planning, etc. as functions outside of the supernatural realm, in reality individuals in these positions are just as in need of supernatural empowerment as are ministers of the gospel.[32] Some writers consider the gifts of governments and leading to be the same gift, but others consider them closely related yet different.
Mercy: Possibly identical to the gift of helps, the mercy-shower possesses a ministry of visitation, prayer, and compassion to the poor and sick.[32]
Word of wisdom: An utterance or message of wisdom supernaturally granted to an individual. For Paul, wisdom refers to "the knowledge of the great Christian mysteries: the Incarnation, Passion, and Resurrection of Christ, and the indwelling in the believer of the Spirit of God (1 Corinthians 2; Ephesians 1:17)".[1]
Word of knowledge: The knowledge referred to is often said to relate to understanding Christian doctrine or scriptural truth.[1] It is sometimes said to be connected with the ministry of teachers.
Faith: This refers to that strong or special faith "which removes mountains, casts out devils (Matthew 17:19–20), and faces the most cruel martyrdom without flinching".[1] It is distinguished from the "saving" and "normal" Christian faith.[33]
Gifts of healings: The ability to supernaturally minister healing to others. The plural indicates the variety of sickness healed and the many forms the gift takes, such as healing by anointing with oil, by the laying on of hands, by saying the name of Jesus or by the sign of the cross.[1]
Working of miracles: The performance of deeds beyond ordinary human ability by the power of the Holy Spirit.[1]
Visions. An outpouring of this gift is prophesied in Joel 2:28 and Acts 2:17 shows that early Christians believed this prophecy was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost. Visions tend to be more private experiences than the other gifts. Some researchers expand the definition of visions to include a strongly felt presence.[34]
Discerning of spirits: The capacity to discern, distinguish, or to discriminate the source of a spiritual manifestation—whether it emanates from a good or evil spirit. It seemed to have been particularly associated with prophecy as it would be necessary to know whether a prophetic utterance was truly inspired by God.[1][35]
Tongues: The supernatural ability of speaking an unlearned language.[1] Paul seems to have distinguished between the public use of the gift (which must always be interpreted) and the private use which was for the spiritual strengthening of oneself.[36] Currently among Christians there is a dispute as to whether tongues were/are always xenoglossy (speaking an unlearned human language) or whether it also included/includes glossolalia (speaking an unlearned and allegedly non-human language of heavenly or angelic origin).
Interpretation of tongues: This gift always follows the public exercise of the gift of tongues.[1] In 1 Corinthians 14, the Apostle Paul required that all speech in Christian worship should be intelligible. This required that speech given in an unknown tongue be interpreted in the common language of the gathered Christians.
Helps: This gift has to do with service to the sick and the poor.[1] Possessor of this gift has a "spiritual burden and a God-given love for the needy and afflicted".[37]
Administration: Also called the gift of governing,[1] the Greek word translated "governments" is kubernesis, the verb form of which means "to steer" or "to be a helmsman". This gift then refers to the God-given capacity to lead or guide the Church through storms and difficult seas.[37]
Other spiritual gifts[edit]
While not specifically defined as spiritual gifts in the Bible, other abilities and capacities have been considered as spiritual gifts by some Christians. Some are found in the New Testament such as:
celibacy (I Corinthians 7:7)[38]
hospitality (1 Peter 4:9–10)[39]
intercession (Rom. 8:26–27)[39]
marriage (I Corinthians 7:7)[40]
(effective) witnessing (Acts 1:8, 5:32, 26:22, 1 John 5:6)[39]
Others are found in the Old Testament such as:
craftsmanship (such as the special abilities given to artisans who constructed the Tabernacle in Exodus 35:30–33)[39]
interpretation of dreams (e.g. Joseph and Daniel) genesis ch43-50, daniel ch3
composing spiritual music, poetry, and prose[39]
Social meaning[edit]
The word is also used in secular circumstances within social psychology. In that context, charism is defined as personal influence on other people individually or as a group.
Religious orders (including Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran and Methodist) use the word "charism" to describe their spiritual orientation and any special characteristics of their mission or values that might be exhibited as a result of the vows that they have taken and the orientation of the order to which they belong. An example might be the works of a teaching order compared to that of a missionary order or one devoted to the care of the poor or the sick and those in need of help.
See also[edit]
Christianity portal
Charisma
Charismatic Christianity
Charity (virtue)
Barakah (Islamic/Sufi term for the same concept)
Charismatic authority
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wilhelm, Joseph (1908). "Charismata". The Catholic Encyclopedia. III. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spiritual gifts". A Dictionary of the Bible by W. R. F. Browning. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "charisma". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014.
Jump up ^ "Charismata". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Zondervan, 1994): 1016–17.
Jump up ^ 1 Corinthians 12
Jump up ^ Romans 12
Jump up ^ Ephesians 4
Jump up ^ 1 Peter 4
Jump up ^ Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Zondervan, 1994): 1020.
^ Jump up to: a b Guy P. Duffield and Nathaniel M. Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, 1983, (Los Angeles: Foursquare Media, 2008), pp. 332–33.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 334.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 335.
Jump up ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1021.
Jump up ^ Sumrall, Lester "The Gifts of the Holy Spirit" p. 25 Aug 2000
Jump up ^ Easton, Matthew George. "Gifts, spiritual". Easton's Bible Dictionary. 1897. Accessed June 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ruthven, Jon. On the Cessation of the Charismata: The Protestant Polemic on Post-Biblical Miracles Archived 2009-03-19 at the Wayback Machine.. Deo Press, 1993, rev. 2008. pp. 3, 7. Accessed June 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Spiritual Gifts Survey". Peace Lutheran Church. Retrieved 11 March 2017. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Spiritual Gifts". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church 799–800 Archived 2011-10-19 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 351.
Jump up ^ Coppieters, Honoré (1907). "Apostles". The Catholic Encyclopedia. 1. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 353.
Jump up ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1031 note 21.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 353–54.
Jump up ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1024.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 339–40, 353–55.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 356–57.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 357–58.
^ Jump up to: a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 347–48.
^ Jump up to: a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 348–49.
^ Jump up to: a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 349–50.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 336–37.
Jump up ^ Kavan, Heather (2013). "A psychodynamic interpretation of gender differences in descriptions of religious visions". The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society. 2 (2): 77–87.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 340–41.
Jump up ^ Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 345.
^ Jump up to: a b Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, p. 343.
Jump up ^ See for example "Stephen Vantassel, "Celibacy: The Forgotten Gift of the Spirit," Journal of Biblical Counseling. 12, no. 3 (1994): 20–23"[permanent dead link], 10 January 2008
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, pp. 358–59.
Jump up ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, p. 1020.
Further reading[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Catholic Encyclopedia: Charismata
Grudem, Wayne A. (editor). Are Miraculous Gifts for Today? Zondervan, 1996. ISBN 978-0-310-20155-7. Four authors each provide four viewpoints concerning spiritual gifts: Cessationist, "Open But Cautious", Third Wave, and Pentecostal/Charismatic.
Bullock, Warren D. When the Spirit Speaks: Making Sense Out of Tongues, Interpretation, and Prophecy. Gospel Publishing House, 2009. ISBN 0-88243-284-2.
Deere, Jack. Surprised by the Power of the Spirit. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993. ISBN 978-0-310-21127-3.
Deere, Jack. Surprised by the Voice of God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. ISBN 978-0-310-22558-4.
Greig, Gary and Springer, Kevin (eds.). The Kingdom and the Power: Are Healing and the Spiritual Gifts Used By Jesus and the Early Church Meant for the Church Today? Ventura, CA: Gospel Light, 1993 (thorough and practical). ISBN 978-0-8307-1659-3.
Hurst, Randy (editor). Divine Order: Leading the Public Use of Spiritual Gifts. Gospel Publishing House, 2009.
Lim, David. "Spiritual Gifts" in Systematic Theology, A Pentecostal Perspective revised edition, edited by Stanley M. Horton. Springfield, MO: Logion Press, 1994. ISBN 0-88243-855-7.
Wagner, C. Peter. Discover Your Spiritual Gifts: The Easy-To-Use, Self-Guided Questionnaire That Helps You Identify and Understand Your Various God-Given Spiritual Gifts, expanded edition. Regal, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8307-3678-2.
Wimber, John and Springer, Kevin. Power Evangelism, revised and enlarged edition. Regal, 2009 (originally 1986). ISBN 978-0-8307-4796-2.
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FedEx Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with the Fed Cup, an international women's team tennis tournament.
FedExCup
Current season, competition or edition:
2017 FedEx Cup Playoffs
Sport
Golf
Founded
2007
Country
United States
Most recent
champion(s)
Justin Thomas
Most titles
Tiger Woods (2 titles)
TV partner(s)
CBS Sports
NBC Sports/Golf Channel
Official website
PGATour.com
The FedExCup is a championship trophy for the PGA Tour. Its introduction marked the first time that men's professional golf had a playoff system. Announced in November 2005, it was first awarded in 2007. Justin Thomas is the 2017 champion. This competition is sponsored by FedEx.
Contents
[hide]
1 Rule changes
2 Format
2.1 Qualifying for the playoffs
2.2 Playoff events
2.3 Playoff rewards
3 Winners
4 Individual tournament winners
4.1 By country
5 Career FedExCup bonus money leaders
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Rule changes[edit]
The PGA Tour adjusted the rules around the FedExCup in each of the two years after its introduction in 2007. Each set of changes was introduced to address issues that arose the previous year, particularly with the playoffs portion of the FedExCup:
In February 2008, the changes were designed to allow more golfers a chance to improve their positions on the points list as the playoffs progress. The changes involve a tightening of the playoff reset points and awarding more points to playoff participants. This is effectively a penalty on those players who skip a playoff event.[1]
In November 2008, the changes were designed to help ensure that the championship would not be won until every golfer who qualified finished playing the final playoff event. This resulted from the fact that Vijay Singh had accumulated enough points through the first three playoff events in 2008 to guarantee that he would win the Cup without finishing the final event.[2]
In 2013, FedExCup points began to determine the 125 golfers who would retain their PGA Tour playing privileges (popularly known as "tour cards") for the following season.[3] Previously, this was determined by position on the tour's money list at the end of the year.
Format[edit]
Brandt Snedeker reacting to winning the FedEx Cup at the 2012 Tour Championship
Qualifying for the playoffs[edit]
The following are the criteria for the 2012 season (unchanged since 2009). Although the season structure changed beginning in the fall of 2013,[3] the qualifying criteria did not change.
For the first portion of the season, the "regular season", currently from January through the latter part of August (changing in fall 2013 to an October–August cycle), PGA Tour players can earn points in each event they play. The number of points for winning each tournament varies from 250 to 600, depending on the quality of the field for each event, with the typical tournament awarding 500. Fewer points are awarded to other players who finish each tournament, based on their final position.
The ultimate goal is to be among the top 125 points leaders following the final event of the regular season. Only those players who are regular full-time members of the PGA Tour will earn points. A non-member who joins the PGA Tour in mid-season will be eligible to earn points in the first event he plays after officially joining the Tour.
After the final event of the regular season, the top 125 players participate in the playoffs. The number of points awarded for winning each playoff event is 2000, which is four times the amount awarded for a typical regular season tournament. Points won in playoff events are added to those for the regular season, and the fields are reduced as the playoffs proceed. Starting in 2013, the top 125 on the FedExCup points list will also retain their tour cards for the following season.[3]
After the third playoff event, the top 30 players move to the final event. Points are reset at that time, so the #1 player has 2000 points, the #2 player has 1800 points, down to the #30 player who is given 168 points. The goal is to ensure that any of the 30 players has a chance to win the FedExCup, but give the top players the best chance, with all of the top five players assured of winning the FedExCup by winning the Tour Championship, which is held at East Lake Golf Club each year.
Playoff events[edit]
Event
Players
Cut
The Northern Trust Top 125 points leaders
(after the Wyndham Championship) 36-hole cut to top 70 players plus ties
Dell Technologies Championship Top 100 points leaders
(after The Northern Trust)
BMW Championship Top 70 points leaders
(after the Dell Technologies Championship) None
Tour Championship Top 30 points leaders
(after the BMW Championship)
Once the final 125 playoff qualifiers are set, no alternates will be allowed. It is possible for any player among the final 125 (then 100, then 70) to skip a playoff event prior to the Tour Championship, but if he did, he would risk his standing on the points list. This could potentially result in him being eliminated from the playoffs.
For the Tour Championship itself, only the top 30 points leaders after the BMW Championship will be eligible. If for any reason, a player among the top 30 does not compete in the Tour Championship, he will not be replaced.
Playoff rewards[edit]
The Trophy
The player with the most points after the Tour Championship wins the FedExCup itself and $10 million of a $35 million bonus fund. The runner-up gets $3 million, 3rd place $2 million, 4th place $1.5 million, 5th place $1 million, and so on down to $32,000 for 126th through 150th place. Beginning with the 2013 season, non-exempt players who finish 126th-150th in the FedExCup are given conditional PGA Tour status, but can attempt to improve their priority rankings through the Web.com Tour Finals. Previously, conditional status was earned through the money list.
In 2007, the money was placed into their tax-deferred retirement accounts, not given in cash. Players under 45 are not able to access any 2007 FedExCup bonuses (as opposed to prize money earned in the tournaments themselves) until turning 45. They can invest their bonus in any manner they choose, and once they turn 45, can choose to defer payment until they turn 60 or play in fewer than 15 PGA Tour events in a season. Once a player chooses to take payments from his fund, he will receive monthly checks for five years.[4][5]
Because of possible legislation affecting deferred retirement plans, in the wake of business stories that speculated that Tiger Woods could amass a $1 billion retirement fund if he won the FedExCup six more times, the PGA Tour announced a change to the payout system effective in 2008. The top 10 finishers now receive the bulk of their FedExCup bonuses in cash up front; for example, the 2008 FedExCup champion received $9 million up front and $1 million in his tax-deferred retirement account. FedExCup bonuses to finishers below the top 10 are still paid solely into the players' retirement accounts.[6]
The winner of the FedExCup also receives a five-year exemption on the PGA Tour. This mirrors the exemption for the Leading Money Winner title (PGA Tour Exemption Category 8), but it may not have any practical implications. Players have almost never relied on the Leading Money Winner exemption, as they are usually exempt by other means. With the exception of the Tour Championship, which awards a 3-year PGA Tour exemption, winners of FedExCup playoff events receive only the standard 2-year exemption.
Beginning 2008, any player among the Final Top 30 FedExCup Points Leaders after the Tour Championship, if not exempt by other means, is placed in PGA Tour Exemption Category 18, which is just above the category for the Top 125 Official Money List leaders.
Through 2012, remaining FedExCup qualifiers for the next year will come from the PGA Tour's Official Money List. This particular list will be finalized after the PGA Tour Fall Series, a group of official PGA Tour events that follow the Tour Championship.
Also through 2012, the top 125 players on the money list will be fully exempt for the following year, with other golfers either eligible through other exemptions or needing to qualify by other means (e.g. "Qualifying school"). Starting in 2013, the players retaining their cards will be the top 125 on the FedExCup points list, with the next 75 on the points list having to enter the Web.com Tour Finals for a chance to retain their cards, unless otherwise exempt.[3]
Winners[edit]
Year
Player
Country
Points
Margin
Events
Wins
Top 5s
Pre-Cup ranking
Pre-Cup points
Pre-Cup events
2017 Justin Thomas United States 3,000 660 4 1 2 2 2,689 21
2016 Rory McIlroy Northern Ireland 3,120 740 4 2 2 36 973 14
2015 Jordan Spieth United States 3,800 1,493 4 1 1 1 4,169 21
2014 Billy Horschel United States 4,750 1,650 4 2 3 69 722 23
2013 Henrik Stenson Sweden 4,750 2,007 4 2 2 9 1,426 14
2012 Brandt Snedeker United States 4,100 1,273 4 1 2 19 1,194 18
2011 Bill Haas United States 2,760 15 4 1 1 15 1,273 22
2010 Jim Furyk United States 2,980 252 3 1 1 3 1,691 18
2009 Tiger Woods (2) United States 4,000 1,080 4 1 3 1 3,341 13
2008 Vijay Singh Fiji 125,101 551 4 2 2 7 15,034 19
2007 Tiger Woods United States 123,033 12,578 3 2 3 1 30,574 13
Individual tournament winners[edit]
Year
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship
2017 Dustin Johnson (4) Justin Thomas Marc Leishman Xander Schauffele
2016 Patrick Reed Rory McIlroy (3) Dustin Johnson (3) Rory McIlroy (4)
2015 Jason Day (1) Rickie Fowler Jason Day (2) Jordan Spieth
2014 Hunter Mahan Chris Kirk Billy Horschel (1) Billy Horschel (2)
2013 Adam Scott Henrik Stenson (1) Zach Johnson Henrik Stenson (2)
2012 Nick Watney Rory McIlroy (1) Rory McIlroy (2) Brandt Snedeker
2011 Dustin Johnson (2) Webb Simpson Justin Rose Bill Haas
2010 Matt Kuchar Charley Hoffman Dustin Johnson (1) Jim Furyk
2009 Heath Slocum Steve Stricker (2) Tiger Woods (3) Phil Mickelson (2)
2008 Vijay Singh (1) Vijay Singh (2) Camilo Villegas (1) Camilo Villegas (2)
2007 Steve Stricker (1) Phil Mickelson (1) Tiger Woods(1) Tiger Woods (2)
By country[edit]
Country
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship
Total
United States
8 7 6 8 29
Australia
2 0 2 0 4
Colombia
0 0 1 1 2
Fiji
1 1 0 0 2
Northern Ireland
0 2 1 1 4
Sweden
0 1 0 1 2
England
0 0 1 0 1
Career FedExCup bonus money leaders[edit]
Player
Country
Total ($)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Tiger Woods United States 25,275,000 10,000,000 110,000 10,000,000 133,000 32,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
Rory McIlroy Northern Ireland 15,625,000 140,000 3,000,000 125,000 2,000,000 250,000 10,000,000 110,000
Jim Furyk United States 15,215,000 300,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 10,000,000 140,000 250,000 270,000 1,500,000 180,000 75,000
Jordan Spieth United States 14,500,000 700,000 250,000 10,000,000 550,000 3,000,000
Henrik Stenson Sweden 13,648,000 136,000 32,000 70,000 10,000,000 115,000 3,000,000 140,000 155,000
Brandt Snedeker United States 12,163,000 225,000 145,000 150,000 138,000 600,000 10,000,000 290,000 75,000 210,000 250,000 80,000
Bill Haas United States 11,474,500 32,000 80,000 134,000 165,000 10,000,000 155,000 205,000 242,500 190,000 129,000 142,000
Vijay Singh Fiji 11,272,000 500,000 10,000,000 75,000 110,000 185,000 150,000 32,000 75,000 70,000 75,000
Billy Horschel United States 10,645,000 32,000 245,000 10,000,000 110,000 125,000 133,000
Justin Thomas United States 10,445,000 155,000 290,000 10,000,000
Dustin Johnson United States 9,057,000 32,000 270,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 600,000 280,000 175,000 700,000 3,000,000 1,500,000
Steve Stricker United States 8,650,000 3,000,000 270,000 2,000,000 700,000 235,000 225,000 2,000,000 70,000 80,000 70,000
Phil Mickelson United States 8,390,000 2,000,000 700,000 3,000,000 280,000 250,000 1,000,000 550,000 110,000 110,000 245,000 145,000
Matt Kuchar United States 6,450,000 75,000 70,000 135,000 3,000,000 800,000 235,000 800,000 600,000 230,000 235,000 270,000
Luke Donald England 5,480,000 165,000 70,000 175,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 550,000 185,000 75,000 80,000 110,000 70,000
Source[7]
See also[edit]
List of point distributions of the FedEx Cup
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Changes: What to know". PGA Tour. February 28, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Five key structural changes about '09 FedExCup". PGA Tour. September 24, 2011. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dell, John (August 23, 2012). "Web.com impact expanded with qualifying changes". PGA Tour. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Van Sickle, Gary (August 21, 2007). "A Guide to the FedEx Cup". Golf.com (Sports Illustrated). Retrieved September 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wetzel, Dan (September 4, 2007). "Billion to one". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "PGA Tour will have two-week break for Ryder Cup". ESPN. Associated Press. November 13, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "PGA Tour FedExCup Bonus Money". PGA Tour. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Unless otherwise indicated, all are pgatour.com links.
The PGA Tour's FedExCup Home Page
PGA Tour Fan's Quick Guide to FedExCup
FedExCup Points for Regular Season, Playoffs and Tour Championship Reset.
Official FedExCup Points Standings
During Regular Season
During The Playoffs
Official PGA Tour Schedule – FedExCup Regular and Playoff events
Initial announcement of the FedEx Cup Series
June 2006 announcement giving details of the points system and bonus fund
November 2006 announcement on size of playoff fields
Notes: FedExCup winner to get five-year exemption
[show]
v
t
e
PGA Tour FedEx Cup
Playoff events
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship
Seasons and winners
2007: Tiger Woods
2008: Vijay Singh
2009: Tiger Woods
2010: Jim Furyk
2011: Bill Haas
2012: Brandt Snedeker
2013: Henrik Stenson
2014: Billy Horschel
2015: Jordan Spieth
2016: Rory McIlroy
2017: Justin Thomas
Point distributions
Current
Former
[show]
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t
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PGA Tour events
Major championships
Masters Tournament
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PGA Championship
Other tournaments
Safeway Open
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CJ Cup
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Shriners Hospitals for Children Open
OHL Classic at Mayakoba
RSM Classic
Sentry Tournament of Champions
Sony Open in Hawaii
CareerBuilder Challenge
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AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am
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WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
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Wyndham Championship
FedEx Cup playoff events
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship
Team events
Ryder Cup
Presidents Cup
World Cup
Unofficial money events
Hero World Challenge
QBE Shootout
CVS Health Charity Classic
Former events
List of former events
Fall Series
All events are listed in chronological order.
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