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More Cowbell
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"More Cowbell"
Saturday Night Live sketch
"The Bruce Dickinson" (Christopher Walken) demands "more cowbell."
Written by
Will Ferrell
Donnell Campbell[1]
Cast
Jimmy Fallon
Will Ferrell
Chris Kattan
Chris Parnell
Horatio Sanz
Original air date
April 8, 2000
Guests
Christopher Walken
"More Cowbell"[a] is a comedy sketch that aired on Saturday Night Live on April 8, 2000. The sketch is presented as an episode of VH1's documentary series Behind the Music that fictionalizes the recording of the song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" by Blue Öyster Cult. The sketch featured guest host Christopher Walken as music producer "The Bruce Dickinson", and regular cast member Will Ferrell, who wrote the sketch with playwright Donnell Campbell, as fictional cowbell player Gene Frenkle, whose overzealous playing annoys his bandmates but pleases producer Dickinson. The sketch also starred Chris Parnell as Eric Bloom, Jimmy Fallon as Albert Bouchard, Chris Kattan as Buck Dharma and Horatio Sanz as Joe Bouchard.
The sketch is often considered one of the greatest SNL sketches ever made, and in many "best of" lists regarding SNL sketches, it is often placed in the top ten, being ranked number nine by Rolling Stone.[3] As a result of its popularity, "more cowbell" became an American pop culture catchphrase.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Comedy versus reality
5 Reception
6 In popular culture
7 References
7.1 Notes
7.2 Citations
8 External links
Synopsis[edit]
An episode of VH1's Behind the Music documenting the band Blue Öyster Cult showcases footage of the group from a 1976 recording session that produced the band's biggest hit, "(Don't Fear) The Reaper." The producer (played by Christopher Walken) introduces himself as "The Bruce Dickinson" and tells the band they have "what appears to be a dynamite sound." The first take seems to go well but the band stops playing because the cowbell part is rather loud and distracting. Dickinson, to the surprise of most of the band, asks for "a little more cowbell" and suggests that the cowbell player, Gene Frenkle (Will Ferrell), "really explore the studio space this time." Frenkle's exuberance in following this advice causes him to bump into his bandmates as he dances around the cramped studio, thrusting his pelvis wildly in all directions, and the band aborts another take.
Frenkle sheepishly agrees to tone down his performance in the spirit of cooperation. He passive-aggressively plays the cowbell very close to Eric Bloom (Chris Parnell)'s ear and fails to keep time with the rest of the band. The rest of the band expresses frustration with Frenkle, but Dickinson remains focused only on getting more cowbell onto the track. Frenkle makes an impromptu speech to the rest of the band, declaring that Dickinson's stature lends a great deal of weight to his opinion about the cowbell part and that the last time he (Frenkle) checked, they didn't have "a whole lot of songs that feature the cowbell" and therefore he would be "doing himself a disservice, and every member of the band" if he "didn't perform the hell out of this." In the end, the band agrees to let Frenkle play the cowbell part his way. The sketch ends with a freeze frame on Frenkle with the superimposed message: "In Memoriam: Gene Frenkle: 1950–2000."
Cast[edit]
Jimmy Fallon as Albert Bouchard on drums (incorrectly referred to as Bobby Rondinelli, the band's drummer at the sketch's airing).
Will Ferrell as Gene Frenkle on cowbell.
Chris Kattan as Buck Dharma on guitar.
Chris Parnell as Eric Bloom on lead vocals and guitar.
Horatio Sanz as Joe Bouchard on bass guitar.
Christopher Walken as music producer "The Bruce Dickinson".
Production[edit]
Will Ferrell, seen here in 2010, wrote the sketch.
Will Ferrell's idea for the sketch came from hearing "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" over the years: "Every time I heard [the song], I would hear the faint cowbell in the background and wonder, 'What is that guy's life like?'"[2] He co-wrote the sketch with friend and playwright Donnell Campbell.[1] Ferrell first submitted it for the episode with Norm Macdonald as host, which aired on October 23, 1999. SNL creator and executive producer Lorne Michaels was unsure about the premise, though the sketch played well among crew at the table read.[2] According to Seth Meyers, who served as head writer several seasons later, the sketch was submitted over seven times before making the show.[4] Ferrell re-wrote the sketch when Christopher Walken was scheduled to host, to fit the actor's rhythm. The sketch was put near the end of the episode, where more offbeat/odd sketches are often aired.[2]
The actors who appeared in the sketch had trouble keeping straight faces. They found Ferrell's acting, along with Walken's stone-faced performance, so funny that they were all on the verge of breaking up laughing and ruining the sketch several times.[5][6][7] On "Take Two," Walken can be seen through the booth glass, laughing, as Ferrell's too-tight shirt rides up, exposing Ferrell's stomach while he is dancing and playing the cowbell. Even Ferrell at one point could be seen laughing for a moment soon after Jimmy Fallon breaks into laughter for the first time in the sketch. According to Fallon, Ferrell wore a tighter shirt in the live sketch than he wore at dress rehearsal to allow his gut to hang out, in turn making Fallon laugh.[8]
Comedy versus reality[edit]
While the song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" by Blue Öyster Cult does indeed feature a cowbell playing throughout the song, its sound is largely drowned out by the rest of the instruments. According to Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser, the lead singer and author-composer of the song, the sketch accurately portrays the band's look during the 1970s, but it inaccurately portrays some of the details of the actual recording:[9]
The sketch has the recording session taking place at Sunshine Studios in late 1976. In reality, the song was recorded at the Record Plant in New York City, in late 1975 or early 1976 (the album the song first appeared on, Agents of Fortune, was released in May 1976).
Parnell plays the group's lead singer, "Eric". While Eric Bloom was the band's lead singer, Roeser performed lead vocals for the song.[9] Drummer Albert Bouchard is incorrectly referred to as "Bobby", and keyboard player Allen Lanier is notably absent.
Gene Frenkle is a fictional character invented for the sketch, although his appearance was modeled on Eric Bloom's appearance at the time. Despite the fact that Frenkle is fictional, fans occasionally express their sympathies to Blue Öyster Cult over his death.[9]
Christopher Walken portrays producer The Bruce Dickinson, not to be confused with the Iron Maiden vocalist of the same name. Dickinson was not the actual producer of "(Don't Fear) The Reaper." The song was produced by David Lucas,[10] who had discovered the band and produced their first album, and also Agents of Fortune and Spectres. Sandy Pearlman[11] was their longtime manager and lyric writer. Murray Krugman[11] represented Columbia Records. The actual Bruce Dickinson was a mid-level manager at Columbia Records whose name appears on a Blue Öyster Cult reissue CD and a greatest hits compilation as the "reissue producer". The SNL intern who was sent out to get the record got a "hits" compilation CD instead of Agents of Fortune.[12][13]
Ferrell later revealed that a woman working in the art department of SNL was the daughter of a man who worked on Agents of Fortune. She reportedly told him that the band had seen the sketch and said the actual cowbell player in question was not unlike Ferrell's interpretation.[2] Producer David Lucas, on his website and in interviews when he was inducted into the Buffalo Music Hall of Fame, says that he was the one who played the cowbell.[12][13][14]
Reception[edit]
The sketch's offbeat nature, as well as the actors breaking character, made the sketch an immediate fan favorite. Marc Spitz called it "one of the first super-memes of the new century" in the New York Times.[15] Walken continued to hear from fans about the sketch in years afterward: "I hear about it everywhere I go. It's been YEARS, and all anybody brings up is 'COW-bell.' I guess you never know what's gonna click."[16]
Members of Blue Öyster Cult were positive regarding the sketch. Though the song was previously well known for its creepy tone, co-vocalist Buck Dharma said that "Ferrell pretty much sabotaged that."[15]
In popular culture[edit]
The sketch was referenced on various episodes of SNL in years to come. On May 14, 2005, on an episode that Will Ferrell hosted, the Gene Frenkle character made a reappearance on the set of Saturday Night Live as musical guest Queens of the Stone Age played their first song of the night, "Little Sister" – which features a jam block, an instrument similar to a cowbell. In his Gene Frenkle costume, Ferrell played the song's jam block part using a large cowbell along with the band, drawing much applause. Promotions for the April 5, 2008 Christopher Walken/Panic! at the Disco episode of Saturday Night Live referenced the "More Cowbell" sketch. The cowbell did not appear during the actual episode. At the end of the May 16, 2009 Will Ferrell/Green Day episode, Green Day performed "East Jesus Nowhere" with Ferrell on the cowbell. Ferrell's appearance was unrehearsed and it was unknown to Green Day that Ferrell would appear. Additionally, Ferrell was unfamiliar with the song and not aware of the sound-break near its end. As the sound-break continued, Ferrell elaborately played single "final" cowbell beats, expecting the lights to fade, then began to leave the stage. Lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong called him back, saying, "Wait, goddamn it!" and began his vocal. Ferrell came to the microphone and asked, "Wait, is this song still going on?" Laughing, Armstrong answered, "Yes."[17]
Ferrell guest-starred on the final episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, playing cowbell in reference to the sketch. Ferrell appeared in the 2011 video for "Make Some Noise" by the Beastie Boys, in the front of a limo, playing a cowbell. Ferrell and Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith appeared on the May 22, 2014 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon for a charity drum-off battle. Despite Smith clearly giving the better performance, Ferrell was named the winner and awarded a giant gold cowbell. Both were joined by Smith's Chili Peppers bandmates for a performance of "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" with Ferrell playing cowbell.[18]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The sketch is listed by the title "Recording Session" in a 2017 Rolling Stone special,[2] though it is listed on NBC's official website and in most other sources as "More Cowbell".
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b James Andrew Miller & Tom Shales (September 2014). Live From New York: The Complete, Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live as Told by Its Stars, Writers, and Guests (2nd ed.). Little, Brown and Company. p. 537. ISBN 978-0316295048.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "My Favorite Sketch". Rolling Stone: Saturday Night Live (Special). Wenner Media Specials. September 16, 2010. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "9. Behind the Music: Blue Oyster Cult". 50 Greatest 'Saturday Night Live' Sketches of All Time. Rolling Stone. February 3, 2014. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
Jump up ^ Rich Cohen (September 16, 2010). "The Godfather of Studio 8H". Rolling Stone (1113).
Jump up ^ Reiher, Andrea (Mar 15, 2014). "Jimmy Fallon and James Franco laugh about 'more cowbell' sketch from 'SNL' on 'Tonight Show'". Zap2it. Retrieved September 7, 2015. 'You always cracked up!' says Franco.
Jump up ^ Lifton, Dave (June 27, 2012). "Jimmy Fallon Recalls Famous Blue Oyster Cult / 'More Cowbell' Saturday Night Live Skit". ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved September 7, 2015. ...Fallon ... often had difficulty keeping a straight face. In a new interview, Fallon recalls why he broke up in the middle of the famous 'More Cowbell' sketch...
Jump up ^ Winter, Jessica (July 25, 2013). "When Is It OK to Crack Up? Some Ground Rules for the Cast of SNL". Slate. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dave Lifton (June 27, 2012). "Jimmy Fallon Recalls Famous Blue Oyster Cult / 'More Cowbell' Saturday Night Live Skit". UltimateClassicRock.com. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Farhi, Paul (January 29, 2005). "Blue Öyster Cult, Playing Along With 'More Cowbell'". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
Jump up ^ Sauro, Tony (September 17, 2009). "Blue Oyster Cult's innovative use of a cowbell will never be forgotten". The Record (Stockton).
^ Jump up to: a b "Blue Öyster Cult, 'Don't Fear the Reaper'". 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Arena, Joe (June 30, 2011). George, Eli, ed. "Blue Oyster Cult cowbell ringer honored". Buffalo, NY: WIVB-TV. Archived from the original (text, and video clip) on 2011-07-02. Retrieved 2011-07-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "He Really Did Want That Cowbell". Just my Show: Retro Pop Culture Podcast. July 15, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
Jump up ^ "David Lucas Music – Biography". davidlucasmusic.com. Retrieved 2011-05-29. Lucas sings the background vocals and played the now famous cowbell
^ Jump up to: a b "'(Don't Fear) the Reaper' Is a Creepy Tune, Even With the Cowbell". The New York Times. May 20, 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nobody Does It Like Walken" by Roger Moore, Orlando Sentinel, October 25, 2004, p. E1.
Jump up ^ SNL Green Day Ferrell performance
Jump up ^ Newman, Jason (May 23, 2014). "Chili Peppers Surprise Will Ferrell, Chad Smith Drum-Off on 'Fallon'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to More cowbell.
Video from NBC.com
Even More Cowbell! – Timeline of events from Wired magazine.
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Constitution of Cuba
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Cuba
This article is part of a series on the
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Even before attaining its independence from Spain, Cuba had several constitutions either proposed or adopted by insurgents as governing documents for territory they controlled during their war against Spain. Cuba has had several constitutions since winning its independence. The current constitution was drafted in 1976 and has since been amended.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early models
2 Guáimaro Constitution
3 La Yara Constitution
4 1901 Constitution
5 1940 Constitution
6 1976 Constitution
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Early models[edit]
Events in early nineteenth-century Spain, prompted a general concern with constitutions throughout Spain's overseas possessions. In 1808, both King Ferdinand VII and his predecessor and father, Charles IV, resigned their claims to the throne in favor of Napoleon Bonaparte, who in turn passed the crown to his brother Joseph. In the ensuing Peninsular War, the Spanish waged a war of independence against the French Empire. On 19 March 1812, the Cortes Generales in refuge in Cádiz adopted the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many basic institutions that privileged some groups over others. The Cortes included representatives from throughout the Spanish Empire, including Cuba.[1]
Several models of constitutional government were proposed for Cuba. José Agustín Caballero (es) offered "a charter for Cuban autonomy under Spanish rule" in Diario de la Habana in 1810,[2] elaborated as the Project for an Autonomous Government in Cuba in 1811.[3] The next year, Bayamo attorney Joaquín Infante living in Caracas wrote his Constitutional Project for the Island of Cuba. He reconciled his liberal political principles with slavery in Cuba, noting that slavery exited in the United States alongside republican government. Spanish authorities imprisoned him for his writings.[2][3] In 1821, Félix Varela represented Cuba in the Cortes Generales of Spain during a short period when the Constitution of 1812 was revived. He joined in a petition to the Crown for the independence of Spain's Latin American colonies, supported by his Project of Instruction for the Politically and Economically Autonomous Government of the Overseas Provinces.[3]
Guáimaro Constitution[edit]
Main article: Guáimaro Constitution
The Guáimaro Constitution was the governing document written by the idealistic and politically liberal faction in the insurgency that contested Spanish colonial rule in Cuba and imposed on Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, the conservative who claimed leadership of the independence movement. It was nominally in effect from 1869 to 1878 during the Ten Years' War against Spain.
La Yara Constitution[edit]
La Yara Constitution written in 1896 was the last Constitution before the defeat of the Spanish. The principal notable passages of this Constitution on equal civil rights, the right of suffrage and the rights governing equal education for all Cubans were written by General José Braulio Alemán. This Constitution was used as template for the 1901 Constitution
1901 Constitution[edit]
Main article: 1901 Constitution of Cuba
Two ad hoc constitutions were adopted in the course of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain (1895–1898). On 16 September 1895, delegates representing the rebel forces adopted a constitution in Jimaguayu, the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba in Arms,[4] and set it to be reviewed in two years by a representative assembly. It described relations between civil and military authority. It named key officials and outlined the requirements of a peace treaty with Spain. In September 1897, the assembly met in La Yaya (es), adopted a new document on 30 October, and named a new president and vice-president.[5]
The 1901 Constitution, was Cuba's first as an independent state. It incorporated eight principles set out in the Platt Amendment without which U.S. troops would not have been withdrawn from Cuba, including the clause that the United States has the right to intervene in Cuba's affairs to protect its independence and guarantee the stability of its government. All but one of the Platt Amendment principles remained in force until a treaty between Cuba and the United States, negotiated as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America, took effect on 9 June 1934, leaving U.S. only its right to a permanent lease to its Guantanamo Naval Station.[6]
1940 Constitution[edit]
Main article: 1940 Constitution of Cuba
During the presidency of Federico Laredo Brú, a Constitutional Assembly was elected in November 1939 to write a new constitution. The Assembly debated publicly for six months and adopted the constitution at the Capitol in Havana. It was signed by the delegates on 1 July 1940, and took effect on 10 October 1940.[7] It provided for land reform, public education, universal healthcare, minimum wage and other progressive ideas, many of which were not implemented in practice. The Constitution abolished capital punishment and established as national policy restrictions on the size of land holdings and an end to common ownership of sugar plantations and sugar mills, but these principles were never translated into legislation. The constitution ordained a presidency and a bicameral congress, both with a four-year tenure, with a ban on direct re-elections to the office of president (though non-consecutive re-election would be tolerated; similar to the current constitution of Chile) with executive power shared with a new, separate office of Prime Minister of Cuba, to be nominated by the president.[8] Fulgencio Batista suspended parts of this constitution after seizing power in 1952. It was completely suspended after the Cuban revolution.
1976 Constitution[edit]
Edition of Granma, 14 February 1976, reading; "Everybody to vote tomorrow for the socialist constitution". The constitution, close enough to the uniformity here predicted, passed with over 99 % in favor.
After 16 years of non-constitutional government from 1959 to 1975, the revolutionary government of Cuba sought to institutionalize the revolution by putting a new constitution to a popular vote. The Constitution of 1976 was adopted by referendum on 15 February 1976, in which it was approved by 99.02% of voters, in a 98% turnout.[9][10] It took effect on 24 February 1976. This constitution called for a centralized control of the market and re-committed the state to providing its citizens with access to free education and health care, as in the 1940 constitution. The state was further granted the power to regulate the activities of religious institutions and the private ownership of media was prohibited. Article 53 gave citizens freedom of speech, and Article 54 gave citizens the right to assemble.
In the late 1980s, the Eastern Bloc collapsed and Cuba confronted the economic crisis of the Special Period. In 1992, a constitutional amendment removed certain limitations on foreign investment and granted foreign corporations a limited right to own property on the island if they established joint ventures with the government.[11] Another amendment established that Cuba is a secular state rather than an atheist state, prompting an expansion of local participation in religious observance, increased social service work on the part of sectarian international charities, and public recognition of religious pluralism.[12] In 2002, the constitution was amended to stipulate that the socialistic system was permanent and irrevocable.[13]
See also[edit]
Cuba portal
Cuban law
Constitutional law
Constitutional economics
Constitutionalism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Eastman, Scott; Sobrevilla Perea, Natalia, eds. (2015). The Rise of Constitutional Government in the Iberian Atlantic World: The Impact of the Cadiz Constitution of 1812. University of Alabama Press. p. 165. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Eastman, Scott; Sobrevilla Perea, Natalia, eds. (2015). The Rise of Constitutional Government in the Iberian Atlantic World: The Impact of the Cadiz Constitution of 1812. University of Alabama Press. p. 156. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Castellanos, Dimas (29 October 2012). "La Constitución de La Yaya y la futura constitución cubana". Diario de Cuba (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016. Available in English as Castellanos, Dimas. "The Constitution of La Yaya and the Future Cuban Constitution". Translating Cuba. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Martínez, Ivan (10 September 2015). "Cuba's Jimaguayu Constitution to be included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Program". Radio Havana. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cubans Will Fight On". New York Times. 28 November 1897. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Woolsey, Lester H. (July 1934). "The New Cuban Treaty". The American Journal of International Law. 28 (3): 530–34. JSTOR 2190379.
Jump up ^ "Cuban Memories: the Cuban Constitution of 1940, then and today". Cuban Heritage Collection. University of Miami Libraries. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Bonsal, Philip W. (1971). Cuba, Castro, and the United States. Pittsburgh University Press. pp. 43, 70.
Jump up ^ Nohlen, p197
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Travieso-Diaz, Matias F. (1997). The Laws and Legal System of a Free-market Cuba: A Prospectus for Business. Quorum Books. p. 106. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldenziel, Jill I. (2009). "Sanctioning Faith: Religion, State, and U.S.-Cuban Relations". Journal of Law and Politics. 25 (179). Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Venegas, Cristina (2010). Digital Dilemmas: The State, the Individual, and Digital Media in Cuba. Rutgers University Press. p. 27. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Constitution of Cuba
Constitutions of Cuba, original Spanish language text, Political Database of the Americas
Constitución de la Republica de Cuba, original Spanish language text of 2002, the Portal Cuba
Republic of Cuba, 1940 Constitution, English translation
The Rule of Law and Cuba, includes links to the Cuban Penal Code and Cuban Constitution in Spanish and some English translations, Cuba Center for the Advancement of Human Rights at Florida State University
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