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Batman & Robin (film)
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Batman & Robin
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Joel Schumacher
Produced by
Peter MacGregor-Scott
Written by
Akiva Goldsman
Based on
Characters appearing in comics published
by DC Comics
Batman characters
by Bob Kane
Starring
Arnold Schwarzenegger
George Clooney
Chris O'Donnell
Uma Thurman
Alicia Silverstone
Michael Gough
Pat Hingle
Elle Macpherson
Music by
Elliot Goldenthal
Cinematography
Stephen Goldblatt
Edited by
Dennis Virkler
Mark Stevens
Production
company
Warner Bros. Pictures
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date
June 12, 1997 (1997-06-12) (Los Angeles)
June 20, 1997 (1997-06-20) (United States)
Running time
125 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$125 million[1][2]
Box office
$238.2 million[1]
Batman & Robin is a 1997 American superhero film based on the DC Comics characters Batman and Robin. It is the fourth and final installment of Warner Bros.' initial Batman film series. The film was directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Akiva Goldsman. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, George Clooney, Chris O'Donnell, Alicia Silverstone, and Uma Thurman. Batman & Robin tells the story of Batman and Robin as they attempt to prevent Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing all mankind to death and repopulating the earth with mutant plants, while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together. It is also to date the only live-action film appearance of Batgirl, who helps the title characters fight the villains.
Warner Bros. fast-tracked development for Batman & Robin following the box office success of the previous film, Batman Forever. Schumacher and Goldsman conceived the storyline during pre-production on A Time to Kill, while Val Kilmer decided not to reprise the role over scheduling conflicts with The Saint. Schumacher had a strong interest in casting William Baldwin in Kilmer's place before George Clooney won the role. Principal photography began in September 1996 and finished in January 1997, two weeks ahead of the shooting schedule.
Batman & Robin premiered in Los Angeles on June 12, 1997 and went into general release on June 20, 1997. While it performed modestly at the box office, making $238.2 million worldwide against a production budget of $125 million, the film was a critical failure and is often considered to be one of the worst films of all time.[3][4] It is also the lowest grossing live-action Batman movie to date.[5] Due to the film's negative reception, Warner Bros. cancelled a sequel, Batman Unchained,[6] and rebooted the film series with Batman Begins in 2005. One of the songs recorded for the film, "The End Is the Beginning Is the End" by The Smashing Pumpkins, won a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 40th Grammy Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming
3.3 Music
4 Marketing
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reception
6 Cancelled sequel and later plans
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In Gotham, one year after the defeat of Two-Face and the Riddler, Batman and Robin attempt to thwart Mr. Freeze from robbing diamonds from the natural history museum, but he steals one and flees. Mr. Freeze was originally Dr. Victor Fries, a doctor working to develop a cure for MacGregor's syndrome to heal his terminally ill wife. Fries was forced to wear a cryogenic suit powered by diamonds after becoming unable to live at normal temperatures following a lab accident.
At a Wayne Enterprises lab in Brazil, the botanist Dr. Pamela Isley is working under the deranged Dr. Jason Woodrue, experimenting with the Venom drug. She witnesses Woodrue use the formula to turn the violent, but diminutive, convicted serial murderer Antonio Diego into a hulking monstrosity dubbed "Bane". Woodrue and Isley argue over the use of the drug which ends when Woodrue attempts to kill her by overturning a shelf of various toxins. Despite Woodrue's efforts, she is resurrected, transforming into the beautiful and seductive Poison Ivy (character) before exacting revenge; she kills Woodrue with her poisonous kiss. She finds that Wayne Enterprises funded Woodrue, thus she appropriates Bane as a muscle-bound thug, taking him with her to Gotham City. Meanwhile, Alfred Pennyworth's niece, Barbara Wilson, makes a surprise visit and is invited by Bruce Wayne to stay at Wayne Manor until she goes back to school.
Wayne Enterprises presents a new telescope at a press conference interrupted by Isley. She proposes a project that could help the environment, but Bruce declines her offer, which would kill millions of people. That night, a charity event is held by Wayne Enterprises with special guests, Batman and Robin, and she decides to use her abilities to seduce them. Mr. Freeze crashes the party and steals a diamond from the event. Although he is captured by Batman and detained in Arkham Asylum, he eventually escapes with the help of Poison Ivy and Bane. Meanwhile, Dick discovers that Barbara has participated in drag races to raise money for Alfred, who is dying of MacGregor's syndrome.
Batman and Robin begin to have crime fighting relationship problems because of Ivy's seductive ability with Robin, but Bruce convinces Dick to trust him. Poison Ivy is then able to contact Robin once more; she kisses him but fails to kill him due to Robin wearing rubber lips. Meanwhile, Barbara discovers the Batcave, where an AI version of Alfred reveals he has made Barbara her own suit. Barbara dons the suit and becomes Batgirl. Robin gets captured by Poison Ivy, but is rescued by Batman, and Batgirl defeats Poison Ivy and get her eaten by her own plant. After Poison Ivy gets eaten by her plant, Batgirl reveals her identity.
Batman, Robin and Batgirl decide to go after Mr. Freeze together. By the time they get to the observatory where Mr. Freeze and Bane are, Gotham is completely frozen. Batgirl and Robin are attacked by Bane, but they eventually defeat him by kicking apart his venom tubes, stopping the flow of venom to his body. Bane collapses before transforming back to his original diminutive size of Antonio Diego and is left helpless on the ground.
Meanwhile Batman and Mr. Freeze begin to fight each other, with Batman defeating Mr. Freeze. Batgirl and Robin manage to unfreeze Gotham, and Batman shows Freeze a recording of Poison Ivy during her fight with Batgirl, who had informed the latter that she killed Mr. Freeze's wife. However, Batman informs Mr. Freeze that she is still alive, having restored by them[clarification needed] in cryogenic slumber before being moved to Arkham Asylum, waiting for Mr. Freeze to finish his research. Batman proceeds to ask Mr. Freeze for the cure Mr. Freeze has created for the first stage of MacGregor's Syndrome to administer to Alfred, and Mr. Freeze atones for his misunderstanding by giving him the medicine he had developed.
Mr. Freeze is then detained in Arkham Asylum. Poison Ivy is also imprisoned in Arkham Asylum with a vengeful Mr. Freeze as her cellmate and he plans to get revenge on Poison Ivy for what she did to his wife. After Alfred is cured, everyone agrees to let Barbara stay at Wayne Manor.
Cast[edit]
Arnold Schwarzenegger as Dr. Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze
A Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist and two-time Olympic decathlete who suffers a terrible accident while trying to cryogenically preserve his terminally ill wife. As a result, he is transformed into a criminal forced to live in a special sub-zero suit powered by diamonds. His goal is to hold Gotham to ransom in order to get the money he needs to complete his research to find a cure for his wife's disease.
George Clooney as Bruce Wayne / Batman
A billionaire industrialist who witnessed his parents' murder as a young boy. At night, Bruce becomes Batman, Gotham City's vigilante protector. Val Kilmer, who played the character previously in Batman Forever, was originally planned to reprise his role, but when he was cast in “The Saint” which conflicted with his work schedule, the actor couldn’t play Batman again and Clooney was cast.[7]
Eric Lloyd portrays him as a child in a flashback.
Chris O'Donnell as Dick Grayson / Robin
The crime-fighting partner to Batman and ward of Bruce Wayne. He has begun to chafe against Batman's authority.
Uma Thurman as Dr. Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy
A botanist who becomes a crazed eco-terrorist after Woodrue attempts to kill her by pushing her into vials of chemicals, poisons and toxins, which replace her blood with aloe, her skin with chlorophyll and filled her lips with venom, making her kiss deadly. She also uses pheromones which make men fall in love with her. Julia Roberts, who worked with director Joel Schumacher in Flatliners, was heavily rumored to be in contention for the role, but the rumours were dismissed by Schumacher, saying that if she would have wanted to get the role, she would have called him.[7]
Alicia Silverstone as Barbara Wilson / Batgirl
Her parents had previously died in a car accident. Alfred, her uncle, was very close to her mother, Margaret. She is Alfred's niece and is an orphan.
Michael Gough as Alfred Pennyworth
The trusted butler for Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson. Alfred is dying of a rare disease from which Mr. Freeze's wife also suffers. He was later cured at the end.
Pat Hingle as Commissioner James Gordon
The police commissioner of Gotham City. He is close to Batman and informs him of numerous crimes.
John Glover as Dr. Jason Woodrue / Floronic Man
A deranged scientist who aims to create Venom-enhanced "supersoldiers" to sell to dictators and warlords in order to make millions. He is responsible for the creation of both Bane and, though unintentionally, Poison Ivy, the latter of whom kills him with a kiss from her toxic lips. This is the one of the instances where the character is portrayed as a normal human rather than a mutant.
Elle Macpherson as Julie Madison
Bruce Wayne's girlfriend. She proposes to Bruce, but he does not respond, fearing for her safety.
Vivica A. Fox as Ms. B. Haven
Mr. Freeze's sexy assistant who flirts with him once and only once in the film. He is unresponsive, as he is still in love with his wife.
Vendela Kirsebom as Nora Fries
Mr. Freeze's beloved cryogenically-frozen wife.
Elizabeth Sanders as Gossip Gerty
Gotham's top gossip columnist.
Robert "Jeep" Swenson as Bane
Poison Ivy's bodyguard and muscle, who was originally a scrawny serial killer. Transformed into an enormous abomination, which Woodrue dubbed a "super-soldier" by the strength-enhancing drug "Venom", he was seen getting Mr. Freeze's suit back from Arkham Asylum, as well as fighting against the main heroes several times. Despite holding his own against Batman and Robin on numerous occasions, he is eventually defeated by Robin and Batgirl after they find a way to stop the venom flow to his brain. Swenson was suggested for the role by one of the stuntmen of Batman Forever.[7] Batman & Robin was Swenson's final film role, as he died from heart failure two months after the film's release.
Michael Reid MacKay portrays Antonio Diego
Jack Betts as Party Guest
Patrick Leahy as himself
Jesse Ventura as Arkham Asylum Guard
Nicky Katt as Spike
John Ingle as the Doctor
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
With the box office success of Batman Forever in June 1995, Warner Bros. immediately commissioned a sequel.[8] They hired director Joel Schumacher and writer Akiva Goldsman to reprise their duties the following August,[9] and decided it was best to fast track production for a June 1997 target release date, which is a break from the usual 3-year gap between films.[8] Schumacher wanted to homage both the broad camp style of the 1960s television series and the work of Dick Sprang.[10] The storyline of Batman & Robin was conceived by Schumacher and Goldsman during pre-production on A Time to Kill.[11] Portions of Mr. Freeze's back-story were based on the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Heart of Ice", written by Paul Dini.[12]
While Chris O'Donnell reprises the role of Robin, Val Kilmer decided not to reprise the role of Batman from Batman Forever. Schumacher admitted he had difficulty working with Kilmer on Forever. "He sort of quit," Schumacher said, "and we sort of fired him."[13] Kilmer said he was not aware of the fast track production and was already committed to The Saint (1997).[9] Schumacher originally had a strong interest in casting William Baldwin in Kilmer's place, but George Clooney was cast instead.[14] Schumacher believed Clooney could provide a lighter interpretation of the character than Michael Keaton (in Batman and Batman Returns) and Kilmer.[9][15] The shooting schedule allowed Clooney to simultaneously work on ER without any scheduling conflicts.[10]
Patrick Stewart was considered for the role of Mr. Freeze,[16] before the script was rewritten to accommodate Arnold Schwarzenegger's casting.[17] Schumacher decided that Mr. Freeze must be "big and strong like he was chiseled out of a glacier".[9] Schwarzenegger was paid a $25 million salary for the role.[18][19] His prosthetic makeup and wardrobe took six hours to apply each day.[20] Thurman took the role of Poison Ivy because she liked the femme fatale characterization of the character.[9] Alicia Silverstone was the only choice for the role of Batgirl.[16]
According to Schumacher, during the scene in which the costumes of the Riddler and Two-Face are seen, he originally planned to put Poison Ivy and Mr. Freeze escaping from Arkham Asylum while many other villains saw them from their cells.[7] The scene, however, didn't make it in the final film.
Filming[edit]
The original start date was August 1996,[13] but principal photography did not begin until September 12, 1996.[21] Batman & Robin finished filming in late January 1997,[22] two weeks ahead of the shooting schedule.[10] The film was mostly shot at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California.[9]
When comparing work on Batman Forever, Chris O'Donnell, who portrayed Robin, explained, "It just felt like everything got a little soft the second time. On Batman Forever, I felt like I was making a movie. The second time, I felt like I was making a kid's toy commercial."[9] He also complained of the Robin costume, saying it was more involved and uncomfortable than the one he wore in Batman Forever, with a glued-on mask which caused sweat to pool on his face.[23] According to John Glover, who played Dr. Jason Woodrue, "Joel [Schumacher] would sit on a crane with a megaphone and yell before each take, 'Remember, everyone, this is a cartoon'. It was hard to act because that kind of set the tone for the film."[9] Production designer Barbara Ling admitted her influences for the Gotham City design came from "neon-ridden Tokyo and the Machine Age. Gotham is like a World's Fair on ecstasy."[24] Rhythm and Hues and Pacific Data Images created the visual effects sequences, with John Dykstra and Andrew Adamson credited as the visual effects supervisors.[25]
According to Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight Part 6: Batman Unbound, Chris O'Donnell revealed that despite hanging out with Arnold Schwarzenegger a lot off set and during promotion for the film, they never worked a single day together. This was achieved with stand ins when one of the actors wasn't available.
Stunt coordinator Alex Field taught Alicia Silverstone to ride a motorcycle so that she could play Batgirl.[23]
Music[edit]
Main article: Batman & Robin (soundtrack)
Like Batman Forever, the original score for the film was written by Elliot Goldenthal.[26] The soundtrack featured a variety of genres by various bands and performers, showcasing alternative rock on the lead single "The End Is the Beginning Is the End" by The Smashing Pumpkins, on the Goo Goo Dolls' contribution, "Lazy Eye" and with R.E.M.'s song "Revolution". R&B singer R. Kelly also wrote "Gotham City" for the soundtrack, which became the other song featured in the end credits, as well as one of the singles, reaching the top 10 in the United States and in the UK. Eric Benét and Meshell Ndegeocello also contributed R&B songs. Also included was the top 5 second single, "Look into My Eyes" by the hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Other songs featured included electronic dance elements, including those by Moloko and Arkana. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 1997, a month before the film.[27][28]
Marketing[edit]
The Batman & Robin film trailer debuted on the February 19, 1997 episode of Entertainment Tonight.[29] Warner Bros. spent $15 million to market and promote the film, in addition to its $125 million production budget.[2] The studio also brought in toy companies to be involved with pre-production, including the design of concept art and character illustrations. Director Joel Schumacher criticized Warner Bros.'s strategy for Batman & Robin as being overtly toyetic.
Various Six Flags parks (Six Flags Great Adventure, Six Flags Over Texas, and Six Flags St. Louis) all debuted coasters themed to the film (all of which have since been closed or re-themed to Batman: The Animated Series).[9] Taco Bell featured a promotional campaign including collectible cups and a contest with a replica of the film's Batmobile as a grand prize. A junior novelization of the screenplay, written by Alan Grant, was published along with the release of the film in 1997.[30]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Batman & Robin was released on June 20, 1997 in North America, earning $42,872,605 in its opening weekend,[1] making it the third-highest opening weekend of 1997.[31] The film declined by 63% in its second week.[32] Batman & Robin faced early competition with Face/Off and Hercules.[2] Schumacher blamed it on yellow journalism started by Harry Knowles of Ain't It Cool News and other film websites such as Dark Horizons.[33] The film went on to gross $107.3 million in North America and $130.9 million internationally, coming to a worldwide total of $238.2 million.[1] Warner Bros. acknowledged Batman & Robin's shortcomings in the domestic market but pointed out success overseas.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
"If there's anybody watching this, that... let's say, loved Batman Forever, and went into Batman & Robin with great anticipation, if I've disappointed them in any way, then I really want to apologize. Because it wasn't my intention. My intention was just to entertain them."
—Joel Schumacher's apology for his work on the film[9]
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 10% based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Joel Schumacher's tongue-in-cheek attitude hits an unbearable limit in Batman & Robin, resulting in a frantic and mindless movie that's too jokey to care much for."[34] On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 28 out of 100, based on 21 critics, signifying "generally unfavorable reviews".[35] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.[36]
Schumacher and producer Peter MacGregor-Scott blamed the negative reception of Batman & Robin on Warner Bros.' decision to fast track production. "There was a lot of pressure from Warner Bros. to make Batman & Robin more family-friendly," Schumacher explained. "We decided to do a less depressing Batman movie and less torture and more heroic. I know I have been criticized a lot for this, but I didn't see the harm in that approach at all."[9] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized the toyetic approach and Mr. Freeze's one-liner jokes in his two-star review of the film.[37] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times believed the film "killed" the Batman film series, and felt Batman & Robin depended too much on visual effects.[38] Desson Thomson of The Washington Post largely disapproved of Schumacher's direction and Akiva Goldsman's script.[39] Mick LaSalle, writing in the San Francisco Chronicle, said, "George Clooney is the big zero of the film, and should go down in history as the George Lazenby of the series."[40] However, Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave a positive review. She praised Uma Thurman's acting, as well as the production and costume design.[41]
Batman & Robin was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, as well as Best Make-up and Best Costume, but won none. Alicia Silverstone won the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress. Other nominations at the Razzie Awards included Schumacher (Worst Director), George Clooney and Chris O'Donnell (Worst Screen Couple), Akiva Goldsman (Worst Screenplay), both Chris O'Donnell and Arnold Schwarzenegger (Worst Supporting Actor), Uma Thurman (Worst Supporting Actress), as well as Billy Corgan (Worst Song for "The End Is the Beginning Is the End"). Batman & Robin also received nominations for Worst Picture, Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Reckless Disregard for Human Life and Public Property. Ultimately, out of 11 nominations, Batman & Robin garnered only one Razzie Award.
Some observers thought Schumacher, a gay man, added possible homoerotic innuendo in the storyline.[9] James Berardinelli questioned the "random amount [sic] of rubber nipples and camera angle close-ups of the Dynamic Duo's butts and Bat-crotches."[42] Similar to Batman Forever, this primarily included the decision to add nipples and enlarged codpieces to Batman and Robin suits. Schumacher stated, "I had no idea that putting nipples on the Batsuit and Robin suit were going to spark international headlines. The bodies of the suits come from ancient Greek statues, which display perfect bodies. They are anatomically correct."[9] Chris O'Donnell, who portrayed Robin, felt "it wasn't so much the nipples that bothered me. It was the codpiece. The press obviously played it up and made it a big deal, especially with Joel directing. I didn't think twice about the controversy, but going back and looking and seeing some of the pictures, it was very unusual."[9] George Clooney joked, "Joel Schumacher told me we never made another Batman film because Batman was gay".[43] Clooney himself has spoken critically of the film, saying, "I think we might have killed the franchise",[44] and called it "a waste of money".[45]
Cancelled sequel and later plans[edit]
See also: Batman in film § Abandoned developments of a fifth film
During the filming of Batman & Robin, Warner Bros. was impressed with the dailies, prompting them to immediately hire Joel Schumacher to return as director for a fifth film. However, writer Akiva Goldsman turned down an offer to write the script.[10] In late 1996, Warner Bros. and Schumacher hired Mark Protosevich to write the script for a fifth Batman film. A projected mid-1999 release date was announced.[46] Titled Batman Unchained, Protosevich's script had the Scarecrow as the main villain. Through the use of his fear toxin, he resurrects the Joker as a hallucination in Batman's mind. Harley Quinn appeared as a supporting character, written as the Joker's daughter.[47] George Clooney, Chris O'Donnell, and Alicia Silverstone were set to reprise the roles of Batman, Robin, and Batgirl. It was also hoped that Jack Nicholson would reprise the role of the Joker. However, following the poor critical reception of Batman & Robin, Clooney vowed never to reprise his role.[48]
Warner Bros. decided to consider a live-action Batman Beyond film and an adaptation of Frank Miller's Batman: Year One. Warner would then produce whichever idea suited them the most.[49] Schumacher felt he "owe[d] the Batman culture a real Batman movie. I would go back to the basics and make a dark portrayal of the Dark Knight."[50] He approached Warner Bros. about doing Batman: Year One in mid-1998,[50] but they were more interested in hiring Darren Aronofsky. Aronofsky and Miller developed a Year One script with Aronofsky to direct, but it was ultimately canceled. Christopher Nolan was eventually hired to helm the next Batman film in January 2003, resulting in the rebooted Batman Begins (2005).[49]
In "Legends of the Dark Knight", an episode of The New Batman Adventures, three teenagers discuss their ideas about what Batman is really like. They briefly meet a youth called Joel whose idea of Batman reflects characterizations and costumes portrayed within Schumacher's Batman and Robin. The teens treat Joel's ideas with utter disdain.[51] In Watchmen, director Zack Snyder and comic book artist Dave Gibbons chose to parody the molded muscle and nipple Batsuit design from Batman & Robin for the Ozymandias costume.[52][53] The film is referenced in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Legends of the Dark Mite!", when Bat-Mite briefly uses his powers to transform Batman's costume into the same suit shown in the Schumacher Batman films, before declaring it "Too icky".[54] The Batman from Batman & Robin later appeared as part of an army of Batmen gathered from across the Multiverse in "Night of the Batmen!", complete with the blue rubber Batsuit. Additionally, there were worries within Warner Bros. surrounding the negative critical reaction to Batman & Robin and how that may come to harm the success of the subsequent direct-to-video animated film Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, which was originally planned for release at around the same time as Batman & Robin but was subsequently delayed.[55] However, SubZero received a far stronger positive response from critics than Batman & Robin, with Mr. Freeze's role within it being seen in a much more positive light, returning his popularity as a Batman villain to a level comparable to that reached by him within the two Emmy-winning episodes the character featured in of Batman: The Animated Series.[55]
See also[edit]
Film portal
United States portal
1990s portal
Homosexuality in the Batman franchise
List of films featuring powered exoskeletons
List of films considered the worst
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Jump up ^ Linder, Brian (July 27, 2000). "Rumblings From Gotham". IGN. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Michael (November 11, 1997). "Schumacher trims sails". Variety. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Hughes, David (March 2004). "The Dark Knight Strikes Out". Tales From Development Hell. London: Titan Books. pp. 192–211. ISBN 1-84023-691-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Jensen, Jeff (December 4, 1998). "Winging It". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 19, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Legends of the Dark Knight". Dan Riba (director), Bruce Timm; Robert Goodman (writers). Batman: The Animated Series. October 10, 1998. No. 19, season 2.
Jump up ^ Frosty (June 26, 2008). "Exclusive Zack Snyder Video Interview Backstage at Saturn Awards". Collider.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dave Gibbons (December 2008). "Watchmen's artist tells us how the famed graphic novel changed his life and gives some thoughts on the upcoming movie and game". Electronic Gaming Monthly. p. 53.
Jump up ^ "Legends of the Dark Mite!". Ben Jones (director), Paul Dini (writer). Batman: The Brave and the Bold. May 29, 2009. No. 19, season 1.
^ Jump up to: a b "Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews - Batman & Mr. Freeze: Subzero". Stomptokyo.com. March 25, 1998. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
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The Entire History of You
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"The Entire History of You"
Black Mirror episode
Ffion (Jodie Whittaker, right) uses her "grain" to play back memories in front of her eyes.
Episode no.
Series 1
Episode 3
Directed by
Brian Welsh
Written by
Jesse Armstrong
Featured music
Original Score by
Stuart Earl
Original air date
18 December 2011 (2011-12-18)
Running time
44 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Toby Kebbell as Liam Foxwell
Jodie Whittaker as Ffion Foxwell
Tom Cullen as Jonas
Jimi Mistry as Paul
Amy Beth Hayes as Lucy
Rebekah Staton as Colleen
Rhashan Stone as Jeff
Phoebe Fox as Hallam
Daniel Lapaine as Max
Karl Collins as Robbie
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Fifteen Million Merits" Next →
"Be Right Back"
List of Black Mirror episodes
"The Entire History of You" is the third and final episode of the first series of British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by the creator of Peep Show and Fresh Meat, Jesse Armstrong, making it the only episode of the series not written or co-written by creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker. It was directed by Brian Welsh, and first aired on Channel 4 on 18 December 2011.
The episode, set in an alternative reality where most people have "grains" recording everything they do, see, or hear, and allowing them to play back their memories in front of their eyes or on a screen, tells the story of Liam (Toby Kebbell), a man who starts suspecting that his wife Ffion (Jodie Whittaker) might have had an affair.
"The Entire History of You" received positive reviews. In 2013, Robert Downey, Jr. optioned the episode to potentially be made into a film by Warner Bros. and his own production company Team Downey.[1]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Critical reception
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Young lawyer Liam Foxwell (Toby Kebbell) leaves a work appraisal that he felt went poorly. He belongs to a portion of the society that has implanted a "grain" behind their ear, recording everything they see and hear. Using a remote, a user can perform a "re-do", playing back their memories directly to their eye or to a video monitor. While returning home, he repeatedly watches the re-do of the appraisal, and is troubled by a seemingly insincere phrase from his employer.
Later that evening, Liam meets his wife Ffion (Jodie Whittaker) at a dinner party with friends and finds her talking to a man he does not recognise—Jonas (Tom Cullen). As the party continues, Liam becomes concerned that Ffion seems fond of Jonas, laughing at his crude jokes. When Liam and Ffion return home, he goads her into talking more about her history with Jonas. She admits that she used to be in a relationship with him before meeting Liam, who finds that Ffion's accounts regarding the length of their relationship are inconsistent, so he becomes paranoid. The conversation turns heated and they get into a fight. Eventually, Liam backs down and apologises to his wife. They proceed to have sex, both of them watching re-dos of previous and more intimate sexual encounters.
Afterward, Liam leaves the bedroom and watches re-dos of the party to scrutinise Jonas' behaviour, while drinking heavily. By morning, when Ffion comes downstairs, Liam drunkenly demands more answers from her about Jonas. Ffion refuses to answer and returns to bed, while Liam leaves for Jonas' home and physically demands he erase memories of Ffion from his "grain" or he will forcefully remove it, which could lead to vision and brain damage. Jonas complies, relaying the erasure process on a video monitor. Liam returns home, but crashes his car drunkenly into a tree and passes out. Regaining consciousness, Liam replays the last few memories before the crash to figure out what happened, surprisingly discovering that Jonas had a memory of sex with Ffion about 18 months ago during Jonas' "grain" erasure, near the same time that she conceived her daughter, Jodie.
He angrily returns home and confronts Ffion about it. She admits she and Jonas had sex, after Liam had temporarily walked out after a fight, but they had used a condom and Liam must be Jodie's father. Liam demands she show him the re-do of the event to prove that, but Ffion claims she deleted it. Liam becomes more hostile, demanding she show him the blank space on the "grain" where she erased it. She reveals the re-do she had kept from 18 months ago and plays it, which verifies that they had unprotected sex and implies that Jonas is the father.
Sometime later, Liam walks around his empty house, watching re-dos of happier moments with Ffion and Jodie. Liam goes to his bathroom and uses a razor blade to cut out the "grain" from behind his ear, a flurry of memories flooding his consciousness before the screen cuts to black.
Critical reception[edit]
The A.V. Club rated the episode an A-, concluding: "[A]s a creepy, up-to-date parable that still tells a tale as old as time, 'The Entire History of You' is pretty outstanding. It builds to a climax the audience may well have predicted (Liam forces Ffion to show him her most recent encounter with Jonas), but we are smartly spared from seeing. Every time a character plays back something on their grain, their eyes glow dully as the images are accessed, giving them a demonic look. I'm sure that was an intentional decision."[2] Den of Geek said: "As is often the case in science fiction, 'The Entire History Of You' explores the pitfalls of future technology. Given our current appetite for sharing carefully selected chunks of our personal lives on the Internet, the idea of people in the future recording and sharing memories isn't too much of a stretch, and the way the episode depicts it is quite convincing, and extremely eerie."[3] The Daily Telegraph gave the episode 3 out of 5 stars, and wrote: "This was the least effective of the Black Mirror dramas, because the technological element wasn't so crucial to the trajectory of the story. Jealous people will always find ways to destroy their relationships without the recourse to memory databanks."[4] Metro gave the episode an A, writing: "Tonight's final episode of Black Mirror however left me sitting in front of an appropriately black screen with the expression of a man who has just witnessed the murder of an entire litter of kittens."[5]
See also[edit]
The Final Cut (2004 film)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Child, Ben (12 February 2013). "Robert Downey Jr to turn episode of Charlie Brooker's Black Mirror into film". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ "Review: Black Mirror: "The Entire History Of You'". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Black Mirror episode 3 review: The Entire History Of You". Den of Geek. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Black Mirror: The Entire History of You, Channel 4, review". Telegraph.co.uk. 18 December 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Black Mirror envisaged a world where your thoughts are not your own". Metro. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
External links[edit]
"The Entire History of You" on IMDb
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"The National Anthem"
"Fifteen Million Merits"
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"Be Right Back"
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Special
"White Christmas"
Series 3
"Nosedive"
"Playtest"
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"San Junipero"
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"Hated in the Nation"
Series 4
"USS Callister"
"Arkangel"
"Crocodile"
"Hang the DJ"
"Metalhead"
"Black Museum"
Related
Accolades
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Stig of the Dump
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the British rapper, see Stig of the Dump (rapper). For the Canadian hip-hop producer, see Stigg of the Dump.
Stig of the Dump
First edition
Author
Clive King
Illustrator
Edward Ardizzone
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Fantasy adventure
Publisher
Puffin Books
Publication date
1 June 1963
Media type
Print (Paperback)
Audiobook (read by Martin Jarvis)
Audiobook (read by Tony Robinson
Pages
157 pp
ISBN
978-0-14-034724-1
Stig of the Dump is a children's novel by Clive King, first published in the United Kingdom in 1963. It is regarded as a modern children's classic and is often read in schools.[1] It was illustrated by Edward Ardizzone and has been twice adapted for television, in 1981 and in 2002. It was first broadcast as an adaptation on BBC Home Service for schools in November 1964, and later on the BBC series Blue Peter.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Adaptations
3 References
4 External links
Plot[edit]
Barney is a bored young boy staying with his grandparents on the chalk Downs of southern England. One day, he falls over the edge of an old chalk pit close to his grandparents' house, tumbling through the roof of a den. While exploring the den, Barney encounters its owner, Stig, a caveman with shaggy, black hair and bright black eyes. The chalk pit is disused and full of people's dumped rubbish.
Barney and Stig quickly become friends. They learn to communicate with each other without language, as Stig speaks no English. Stig's den is a place built out of discarded rubbish, which motivates Barney to help Stig make it look more attractive. They spend time repairing and improving Stig's den, collecting firewood, going hunting, and at one point catching some burglars who break into Barney's grandparents' house. Although Barney mentions Stig to others, no-one believes that Stig is real.
Barney starts to give thought to where Stig has come from. During a very hot, sultry mid-summer's night, when Barney and his sister Lou are unable to sleep, they find themselves transported back in time and out onto the Downs. To their surprise, they meet Stig, back with his own people, engaged in the construction of four gigantic standing stones. They spend a night camping out with the people of Stig's tribe, and helping to shift the final stone into position before sunrise.
Adaptations[edit]
Stig of the Dump was adapted for television, firstly by Thames Television for ITV in 1981[2] and later by the BBC in 2002 starring Thomas Sangster, Robert Tannion, Nick Ryan, Geoffrey Palmer, Phyllida Law, Perdita Weeks, and Michaela Dicker.[3] The BBC series won the BAFTA Children's Film & Television Award and its writer, Peter Tabern, received the Best Children's Writer award. The series has been released on DVD.[4]
The book has also been adapted for the theatre, to critical acclaim.[5] Topologika Software Ltd has published an adventure game based on the first three chapters of the book, for Windows.[6]
An extract from Stig of the Dump, featuring new illustrations from Spanish artist Oriol Vidal, was featured in the June 2016 edition of Storytime magazine.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chris Lutrario. "Stig of the Dump Teacher's Resource". Whsmith.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Little Gems - Stig of the Dump". Thechestnut.com. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Derby - Around Derby - Derbyshire in TV and Film". BBC. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "(UK) : Stig Of The Dump : DVD - Free Delivery". Play.com. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Stig of the Dump - Tabard Theatre - Your London Reviews". IndieLondon. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "Stig of the Dump - brings Clive King's story to life". Topologika.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
External links[edit]
Stig of the Dump on IMDb (1981 series)
Stig of the Dump on IMDb (2002 series)
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International Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program
Fraggle Rock (1983)
The Wind in the Willows (1984)
Super Gran (1985)
The Kids of Degrassi Street (1986)
Degrassi Junior High (1987)
Touch the Sun (1988)
My Secret Identity (1989)
Living with Dinosaurs (1990)
The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship (1991)
Beat That / Sorrow: The Nazi Legacy (1992)
Het zakmes (1993)
Insektors (1994)
Wise Up (1995)
Newsround (1996)
Wise Up (1997)
Blabbermouth & Stickybeak (1998)
Tell Us About Your Life (1999)
The Magician's House (2000)
Street Cents (2001)
Stig of the Dump (2002)
Legend of the Lost Tribe (2003)
The Illustrated Mum (2004)
Dark Oracle (2005)
Sugar Rush (2006)
The Magic Tree (2007)
Shaun the Sheep (2008)
Dustbin Baby (2009)
Shaun the Sheep (2010)
¿Con qué sueñas? (2011)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stig_of_the_Dump&oldid=851841256"
Categories:
1963 British novels
British children's novels
ITV children's television programmes
BBC children's television programmes
English-language television programs
Television programmes produced by Thames Television
Television series by FremantleMedia
1963 children's books
Fictional prehistoric characters
Hidden categories:
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