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Jordana Brewster
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Jordana Brewster
Brewster at the 2013 PaleyFest panel on the series Dallas
Born
(1980-04-26) April 26, 1980 (age 38)
Panama City, Panama
Residence
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, model
Years active
1995–present
Spouse(s)
Andrew Form (m. 2007)
Children
2
Website
www.jordanabrewster.com
Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980)[1] is an American actress and model. She made her acting debut in an episode of All My Children in 1995 and next took on the recurring role as Nikki Munson in As the World Turns, garnering a nomination for Outstanding Teen Performer at the 1997 Soap Opera Digest Award. Her first role in a feature film was in Robert Rodriguez's horror science fiction The Faculty (1998).
Her breakthrough came with her role of Mia Toretto in the action film The Fast and the Furious (2001). She reprised the role in its sequels, Fast & Furious (2009), Fast Five (2011), Fast & Furious 6 (2013), and Furious 7 (2015). Other film credits include the drama The Invisible Circus (2001), the action comedy D.E.B.S. (2004) and the horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006).
Brewster starred on the TNT series Dallas from 2012 to 2014. She also had a five-episode arc as Denise Brown in the first season of the FX true crime anthology series American Crime Story (2016). She currently stars as Dr. Maureen Cahill on the Fox buddy cop action dramedy Lethal Weapon (2016–present).
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1990s
2.2 2000s
2.3 2010s
3 Media and public image
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
6 Awards and nominations
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Brewster was born in Panama City, Panama. She is the oldest of two daughters. Her mother, Maria João (née Leal de Sousa), is a former swimsuit model from Brazil who appeared on the 1978 cover of Sports Illustrated, and her father, Alden Brewster, is an American investment banker.[2] Her paternal grandfather, Kingman Brewster, Jr., was an educator, president of Yale University (1963–77), and the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1977–81). Brewster is a direct descendant of Mayflower passengers William Brewster and Edward Doty.[3] She left Panama when she was two months old, relocating to London, where her younger sister was born and where she would spend six years, before moving to her mother's native city of Rio de Janeiro, where she learned to speak Portuguese fluently.[4] She left Brazil at the age of 10, settling in Manhattan, New York City, where she studied at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and graduated from the Professional Children's School. Brewster graduated from Yale University with a B. A. in English in 2003.[1][5]
Career[edit]
1990s[edit]
Brewster made her debut in daytime soap operas, with a one-time appearance on All My Children as Anita Santos.[6] She next played the recurring role of rebellious daughter Nikki Munson on As the World Turns. From 1995 to 2001, she appeared in a total of 104 episodes of the soap opera.[7][8] For her performance, she was nominated for Outstanding Teen Performer at the 1997 Soap Opera Digest Awards. Her first film role was in Robert Rodriguez's horror science fiction film The Faculty (1998), written by Kevin Williamson and co-starring Elijah Wood, Josh Hartnett, and Clea DuVall. In the film about strange occurrences involving the teachers of an Ohio high school, Brewster played a popular vindictive cheerleading captain and an editor in chief of the student paper.[9] The film received mixed reviews,[10] but grossed US$40 million in North America.[11] In 1999, she appeared opposite Julia Stiles and Jerry O'Connell in a NBC television miniseries entitled The '60s,[12] playing a student activist.[13]
2000s[edit]
Brewster starred with Cameron Diaz and Christopher Eccleston in the independent drama The Invisible Circus (2001), portraying a grieving teenage girl who travels to Europe in 1976 in search of answers to the suicide of her older sister. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and received a limited theatrical release, to a lukewarm response.[14] The New York Times felt that Brewster "can't summon a credible range of emotion" in her portrayal.[15] Her breakthrough came afterwards in 2001, when she took on the role of Mia Toretto opposite Vin Diesel and Paul Walker in the street racing action film The Fast and the Furious. As she did not have driver's license, she took driving lessons during production. Todd McCarthy of Variety, in his review for the film, noted that Brewster did a "better job here than she did as a searching teen in the recent The Invisible Circus."[16] The film was a commercial success, grossing over US$207 million worldwide.[17]
Following the release of The Fast and the Furious, Brewster took a break from acting to complete her B. A. in English at Yale from which she graduated in 2003.[18] She returned to the screen when she played as a lesbian criminal mastermind in the action comedy D.E.B.S. (2004).[19] A.V. Club dismissed the development of Brewster on-screen relationship with co-star Sarah Foster, writing that "D.E.B.S. oscillates between the glib camp smirkiness of its half-hearted action send-up and the thudding earnestness of its romance".[20] Released in limited theaters, the film did not find an audience.[21] She starred as the love interest of a high school student in the 1970s in the independent teen drama Nearing Grace (2005),[22] which was screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival.[23]
Brewster appeared in the drama Annapolis (2006), directed by Justin Lin and starring James Franco and Tyrese Gibson.[24] In the film, she played a Midshipman 2nd Class named Ali, and the love interest of a man attending the United States Naval Academy. Annapolis was panned by critics[25] and grossed US$7.7 million in its opening weekend, described as "uninspired" by website Box Office Mojo.[26] Brewster next starred in the slasher horror The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006), opposite Diora Baird, Taylor Handley and Matt Bomer. The film saw the four actors portray friends driving across Texas who are taken captive by the Hewitt family. Despite largely negative reviews, the film made US$51 million worldwide.[27] For her performance, Brewster was nominated for both Choice Movie Actress: Horror–Thriller and Choice Movie: Scream at the 2007 Teen Choice Awards.[28]
Brewster at Fast & Furious premiere in 2009
Brewster had a four-episode arc between 2008 and 2009 on the NBC television series Chuck, as Jill Roberts, the title character's ex-girlfriend from Stanford. She returned to the role of Mia Toretto in Fast & Furious (2009), the fourth film of The Fast and the Furious franchise.[29] On the growth of her character over the course of the series, Brewster explained in an interview with AskMen.com: "In the first one I’m more of a wallflower and it's much more of a girlfriend-type role, but in [the new movie] I’m more of a woman. She’s far more tough. I deal with the repercussions of living in my brother’s world."[30] The film earned negative reviews upon its premiere, but was a box office success, grossing US$363 million globally.[31]
2010s[edit]
In 2010, Brewster made a three-episode appearance in Dark Blue, playing an art gallery dealer named Maria, and guest-starred in two episodes of Gigantic. She reprised the role of Mia in the fifth film in the series, Fast Five (2011),[32] which making a departure from the street racing theme, revolves around Diesel, Walker and Brewster's characters as they plan a heist to steal a fortune from a corrupt businessman in Brazil. Critical response towards Fast Five was positive while it earned US$86 million in its North American opening weekend and US$626.1 million worldwide.[33] In 2012, Brewster starred as Elena Ramos, on Dallas, an updated version of CBS's original series of the same name (1978–1991) about the trials and tribulations of a wealthy Texas family. The series was met with an overall positive response and aired until 2014.[34][35]
She played Mia Toretto for the fourth time in Fast & Furious 6 (2013), which follows the remain wanted fugitives on the heist from Fast Five. The film earned a worldwide total of US$789 million.[36] Her last portrayal of Mia came in the next installment, Furious 7 (2015), also the final film appearance of Walker, who died in a single-vehicle collision while filming only half-completed. After Walker's death, filming was delayed for script rewrites to the story arcs for both Walker and Brewster's characters, causing them to be retired.[37] The highest-grossing film in the franchise, it grossed US$397.6 million worldwide during its opening weekend and US$1.5 billion worldwide.[38] She next appeared in the independent action drama American Heist (2014), as the girlfriend of a man involved in a crime. It screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and premiered in a ten-theater run in North America.[39] Brewster also played a young and flirtatious salesperson named Dusty in the dark comedy Home Sweet Hell (2015), released for VOD and selected theaters.[40]
In 2016, she took on the recurring role of Denise Brown, the sister of Nicole Brown Simpson, in The People v. O. J. Simpson, the first season of the true crime anthology series American Crime Story, revolving around the infamous O. J. Simpson murder case. A "giant fan" of executive producer Ryan Murphy, she remarked about obtaining the role: "I heard they were making it and I always felt like my aunt actually really looked a lot like Denise Brown, so my manager and I took a side-by-side photo edit of me and Denise and we fought really hard for it. We just fought to get that show".[41] Also in 2016, she signed on to play the regular role of Dr. Maureen Cahill, a Los Angeles Police Department psychologist, on the FOX buddy cop action dramedy Lethal Weapon and starred in the second season of the ABC anthology crime drama Secrets and Lies as Kate Warner. After not appearing in 2017's The Fate of the Furious, Brewster will return as Mia Toretto in the upcoming ninth installment of the franchise.
Media and public image[edit]
In 2002, Stuff magazine named her the 96th hottest woman in their "102 Sexiest Women in the World". In 2005 Maxim magazine named her the 54th sexiest woman in the world in their annual Hot 100. In 2006, Maxim ranked her at No.59 on their Hot 100.[42] In 2009, she ranked No.9 on Maxim's Hot 100[43] and, to coincide with the release of Fast and Furious, a photographic spread of Brewster in a range of black lingerie in the May 2009 edition of Maxim ("Life in the Fast Lane").[44] In 2011, Maxim Magazine placed Brewster at spot 11 in their Hot 100.[45]
In June 2016, the Human Rights Campaign released a video in tribute to the victims of the 2016 Orlando gay nightclub shooting; in the video, Brewster and others told the stories of the people killed there.[46][47]
Personal life[edit]
Brewster lives in Los Angeles with her husband, producer Andrew Form, whom she met on the set of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning, in which Brewster acted. They announced their engagement on November 4, 2006.[48] They married in a private ceremony in the Bahamas on May 6, 2007.[49] Together, the couple has two sons: Julian (born September 10, 2013) and Rowan (born June 9, 2016).[50]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1998 The Faculty Delilah Profitt
2001 The Invisible Circus Phoebe
2001 The Fast and the Furious Mia Toretto
2004 D.E.B.S. Lucy Diamond
2005 Nearing Grace Grace Chance
2006 Annapolis Ali Halloway
2006 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning Chrissie
2009 Fast & Furious Mia Toretto
2011 Fast Five Mia Toretto
2013 Fast & Furious 6 Mia Toretto
2014 American Heist Emily VOD and limited release
2015 Home Sweet Hell Dusty VOD and limited release
2015 Furious 7 Mia Toretto
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1995 All My Children Anita Santos 1 episode
1995–2001 As the World Turns Nikki Munson Regular role, 104 episodes
1999 The '60s Sarah Weinstock Miniseries
2007 Mr. and Mrs. Smith Jane Smith Unaired pilot
2008–2009 Chuck Jill Roberts 4 episodes
2010 Dark Blue Maria 3 episodes
2010 Gigantic Celebrity 2 episodes
2012–2014 Dallas Elena Ramos Main role
2016 American Crime Story Denise Brown Recurring role, 5 episodes
2016 Secrets and Lies Kate Warner Main role (season 2)
2016–present Lethal Weapon Dr. Maureen Cahill Main role
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Awards
Category
Recipient
Outcome
1997 Soap Opera Digest Awards Outstanding Teen Performer As the World Turns Nominated
2007 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Horror The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning Nominated
Choice Movie: Scream The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning Nominated
2009 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Action Fast & Furious Won
2011 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Action Fast Five Nominated
2012 ALMA Awards Favorite TV Actress Dallas Nominated
2013 NAACP Image Awards Best Supporting Actress in Television Dallas Nominated
2015 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie Actress: Action Furious 7 Nominated
2017 People's Choice Awards Favorite Actress in a New TV Series Lethal Weapon Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Jordana Brewster". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster profile". E! Online. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster on Working With the Late Paul Walker on 'The Fast and the Furious'". Boston Common. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "IMDB Jordana Brewster profile". IMDB. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster Biography". TV Guide. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "All My Children Actors, Past and Present". Connecticut Post. April 16, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "About ATWT: Who's Who in Oakdale | Nicole Munson | As The World Turns". Soapcentral.com. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
Jump up ^ "14 Celebs That Appeared on As the World Turns". Teen.com. Teen.com. 2014-03-18. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lawrence Van Gelder (December 25, 1998). "The Faculty (1998)". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/faculty/
Jump up ^ "Faculty". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Frame by Frame III: A Filmography of the African Diasporan Image, 1994-2004. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "In the Groovy". People. February 8, 1999. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Invisible Circus (2001)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
Jump up ^ A. O. Scott (February 2, 2001). "Movie Review: Tripping Through Europe On a Quest for Lost Time". New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ McCarthy, Todd (June 21, 2001). "The Fast and the Furious". Variety. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Fast and the Furious (2001)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster". Channel 5. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "D.E.B.S." Sundance Film Festival. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rabin, Nathan. "D.E.B.S. · Film Review D.E.B.S. · Movie Review · The A.V. Club". Avclub.com. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "D.E.B.S. (2005)". Box Office Mojo. 2005-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
Jump up ^ Laura Kern (October 13, 2006). "Nearing Grace (2005)". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Los Angeles Film Festiva
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (January 26, 2006). "Annapolis Movie Review & Film Summary". Roger Ebert. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/annapolis/
Jump up ^ "'Big Momma' Jams, 'Nanny McPhee' Floats, 'Bubble' Bursts". Box Office Mojo. 2006-01-30. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006)". Box Office Mojo. 2007-01-04. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Teen Choice nominees announced". AOL TV. July 3, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Apple – Movie Trailers – Fast and Furious". Apple. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster Interview". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fast and Furious (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fast Five Moves Away From Super 8". Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fast Five (2011)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dallas (2012) - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dallas' Canceled by TNT". Hollywood Reporter. 2014-10-03. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fast6.htm
Jump up ^ "Mia Toretto Furious 7". BD. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fast7.htm
Jump up ^ "The Weekend Report « Movie City News". Moviecitynews.com. 2015-07-23. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Deadline, The (2013-05-03). "Jordana Brewster's Next Destination 'North Of Hell'". Deadline. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ March 28, 2016, 7:00 AM (2016-03-28). "Jordana Brewster: I fought to play Denise Brown on "People v O.J."". CBS News. Retrieved April 26, 2017. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Jordana Brewster of 2006 Hot 100 on Maxim.com Archived July 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "2009 Hot 100". Maxim.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster: Maxim Photo Shoot May '09". Maxim.com. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Details". Maxim.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "49 Celebrities Honor 49 Victims of Orlando Tragedy | Human Rights Campaign". Hrc.org. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
Jump up ^ Rothaus, Steve (June 12, 2016). "Pulse Orlando shooting scene a popular LGBT club where employees, patrons 'like family'". The Miami Herald. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Us Exclusive: Jordana Brewster Engaged". US Weekly. December 8, 2006. Archived from the original on March 18, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Actress Jordana Brewster Marries Movie Producer". People. May 9, 2007. Archived from the original on November 13, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jordana Brewster Welcomes Son Rowan via gestational surrogate". People. June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jordana Brewster.
Jordana Brewster official website
Jordana Brewster on IMDb
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BNE: XX1490806
BNF: cb141590065 (data)
ISNI: 0000 0000 7143 5512
LCCN: no00010828
VIAF: 53688905
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jordana_Brewster&oldid=845347264"
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Groomsman
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Three groomsmen stand to the left of the groom and three bridesmaids stand to the right of the bride in this wedding in Kep, Cambodia.
A groomsman (North America), or usher (British Isles) is one of the male attendants to the groom in a wedding ceremony. Usually, the groom selects close friends and relatives to serve as groomsmen, and it is considered an honor to be selected. From his groomsmen, the groom usually chooses one to serve as best man.
For a wedding with many guests, the groom may also ask other male friends and relatives to act as ushers without otherwise participating in the wedding ceremony; their sole task is ushering guests to their seats before the ceremony. Ushers may also be hired for very large weddings.
In a military officer's wedding, the roles of groomsmen are replaced by swordsmen of the sword honor guard. They are usually picked as close personal friends of the groom who have served with him. Their role includes forming the traditional saber arch for the married couple and guests to walk through.
Contents
[hide]
1 Duties
2 Best man
2.1 In various countries and cultures
3 Bachelor party
4 See also
5 References
Duties[edit]
The groom, his best man, and two ushers.
The most visible duty of the groomsmen is helping guests find their places before the ceremony and to stand near the groom during the wedding ceremony.
Additionally, the groom may request other kinds of assistance, such as planning celebratory events such as a bachelor party, also called a stag-do or buck's night; helping make the wedding pleasant for guests by talking with people who are alone or dancing with unaccompanied guests or bridesmaids, if there is dancing at a wedding reception; or providing practical assistance with gifts, luggage, or unexpected complications. Groomsmen may also participate in local or regional traditions, such as decorating the newlywed couple's car.[1] The other and also very important task of the best man is to give a speech during the wedding. This is usually decided between the bride and groom before the wedding. The best man speech is usually humorous and short.
Bridegroom-men formerly had important duties. The men were called bride-knights, and represented a survival of the primitive days of marriage by capture, when a man called his friends in to assist to "lift" or kidnap the bride, or from the need to defend the bride from would-be kidnappers.[2][3][4]
Best man[edit]
"Best man" redirects here. For other uses, see Best man (disambiguation).
A best man and a maid of honour with newlyweds
The best man is the chief assistant to the groom at a wedding and (along with the maid of honour) is the third most important in attendance after the bride and groom. While the role is older, the earliest surviving written use of the term best man comes from 1782, observing that "best man and best maid" in the Scottish dialect are equivalent to "bride-man and bride-maid" in England.[5]
In most modern Anglophone countries, the groom extends this honor to someone who is close to him, generally close friend or relative (such as a sibling or cousin). When the groom wishes to give this honor to a woman, she may be termed the best woman or best person,[6] although traditionally she would still be referred to as the 'best man'. The bride's equivalent of the best man is the bridesmaid, or the maid/matron of honor. A gender-neutral term is honor attendant.[citation needed] If this honoree is male, he may be called a "man of honor."[6] During a wedding ceremony the best man stands next to the groom, slightly behind him. This means that the four people present at the altar are the officiant (such as a civil celebrant, priest, rabbi, minister, or other religious figure), the bride, groom, and best man. This is common in some western countries, although in others the best man and bridesmaid participate on an equal footing.
While the best man's required duties are only those of a friend, in the context of a western white wedding, the best man will typically:
Assist the groom on the wedding day,
Be in charge of the ushers[7]
Keep the wedding rings safe until needed during the ceremony,
Stand next to the groom during the ceremony,
Act as a legal witness to the marriage and therefore sign the marriage certificate, and
Prepare a "best man's speech" to be read at the reception[8]
In various countries and cultures[edit]
The best man is not a universal custom.[9] Even in places where a best man is customary, the role may be quite different when compared to other areas of the world.
In Britain, it is traditional for the best man to give a short speech.
In Zambia, a best man is expected to lead processions both at the wedding, and at preliminary events. This includes pre-wedding dance rehearsals, at which the best man is always expected to be in attendance, and usually is expected to give an outstanding and outlandish dance-performance on the actual wedding-day.[citation needed]
In Uganda, a best man is expected to guide the newlyweds in the ways of marriage. This means that ideally a best man must be married, preferably to one wife, and should be in position to give sound, tried and tested advice. A best man must be a confidant and be discreet about the details he shares with the new couple.[citation needed]
In Bhutan, the best man presents himself at the wedding as a ceremonial guardian to both bride and groom. Thereafter he entertains the guests, sometimes for several hours.[citation needed]
In Eastern Orthodox weddings in Greece, the best man is often also the koumbaros, or religious sponsor. The koumbaros (or koumbara, if a woman) is an honored participant who crowns the couple and participates in circling the altar three times. Sometimes, this person also pays for most of the wedding expenses.
In Ukraine, a best man is responsible for guarding the bride during the wedding festivities. When he or the groom steps away, the bride gets "kidnapped" or has a shoe stolen. Then the groom or the best man must pay a ransom in exchange for returning the bride, usually by paying money (which is given to the bride) or by doing something embarrassing.[10]
Bachelor party[edit]
Main article: Bachelor party
In the past, the bachelor party was typically scheduled for a convenient evening during the week before the wedding. A type of farewell dinner, it was always hosted, and therefore organized and paid for, entirely by the groom.[11] The dinner was seen as the groom's last chance to entertain his friends as a single man; after the wedding, dinner parties at his home would always be presided over by his wife in her role as hostess.
Common slang names for this event are bachelor party, stag do, or bucks' night in different parts of the world. In many areas, this dinner is now most commonly organized by the best man; the costs can be shared by either all of the participants or all of the participants except for the groom, who becomes the guest of honor.[12]
See also[edit]
Bridesman
Bridesmaid
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Wedding Cars". wedding Limo. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
Jump up ^ T. Sharper Knowlson (2008) [1910]. The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs (Forgotten Books). Forgotten Books. pp. 100–102. ISBN 1-60506-458-0.
Jump up ^ Leopold Wagner (1995). Manners, Customs and Observances. Omnigraphics Inc. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-60506-798-8.
Jump up ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bride". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 528.
Jump up ^ "best man, n," ``Oxford English Dictionary,`` [1]. The citation comes from Sir John Sinclair's ``Observations on the Scottish Dialect.`` The related term "best maid" has an earlier attestation.
^ Jump up to: a b Warner, Diane (2004). Kate Henches, ed. Diane Warner's Contemporary Guide to Wedding Etiquette: Advice from America's Most Trusted Wedding Expert. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. p. 39. ISBN 1564147614. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2012-07-27. Best Man Duties[not in citation given]
Jump up ^ http://bestman-speech.org/ Best Man Speech Examples
Jump up ^ "International Wedding Customs". Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
Jump up ^ "Essential Guide to Ukrainian Wedding Traditions!". What's On Kiev. Retrieved 2008. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ Post, Emily (1922). Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home'. Funk & Wagnalls Company. pp. 335–337.
Jump up ^ Post, Peggy (2006). Emily Post's Wedding Etiquette (5 ed.). London: Collins. pp. 183–184. ISBN 0-06-074504-5.
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