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Wittgenstein's Poker
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Wittgenstein's Poker: The Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers is a 2001 book by BBC journalists David Edmonds and John Eidinow about events in the history of philosophy involving Sir Karl Popper and Ludwig Wittgenstein, leading to a confrontation at the Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club in 1946. The book was a bestseller and received positive reviews.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Editions
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Summary[edit]
On 25 October 1946, Popper (then at the London School of Economics), was invited to present a paper entitled "Are There Philosophical Problems?" at a meeting of the Moral Sciences Club, which was chaired by Wittgenstein. The two started arguing vehemently over whether there existed substantial problems in philosophy, or merely linguistic puzzles—the position taken by Wittgenstein. In Popper's, and the popular account, Wittgenstein used a fireplace poker to emphasize his points, gesturing with it as the argument grew more heated. When challenged by Wittgenstein to state an example of a moral rule, Popper (later) claimed to have replied "Not to threaten visiting lecturers with pokers", upon which (according to Popper) Wittgenstein threw down the poker and stormed out. Wittgenstein's Poker collects and characterizes the accounts of the argument, as well as establishing the context of the careers of Popper, Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell, also present at the meeting.
The book follows three narrative threads, each pivoting off the 1946 confrontation at Cambridge; the first is a documentary investigation into what precisely took place and the controversy over the differing accounts from observers; the second, a comparative personal history of the philosophers, contrasting their origins in Vienna and their differing ascents to philosophical prominence; and thirdly an exploration of the philosophical significance of the disagreement between the two and its relevance for the great debates in the early 20th century concerning the philosophy of language.[1]
Editions[edit]
2001. ISBN 0-06-621244-8. Ecco, Harper Collins, New York.
2002. ISBN 0-06-093664-9. Paperback. Ecco, Harper Collins, New York.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Holt, Jim (December 30, 2001). "Ludwig Has Left the Building". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gopnik, Adam (April 1, 2002). "A Critic at Large: The Porcupine". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
Further reading[edit]
Stephen Juan (2008-01-29). "Philosophers Behaving Badly by Nigel Rodgers and Mel Thompson". Philosophy Now. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
External links[edit]
Book discussion on Wittgenstein's Poker with David Edmonds, February 8, 2002
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Far from the Madding Crowd (2015 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Far from the Madding Crowd
Official British poster
Directed by
Thomas Vinterberg
Produced by
Andrew Macdonald
Allon Reich
Written by
David Nicholls
Based on
Far from the Madding Crowd
by Thomas Hardy
Starring
Carey Mulligan
Matthias Schoenaerts
Michael Sheen
Tom Sturridge
Juno Temple
Music by
Craig Armstrong
Cinematography
Charlotte Bruus Christensen
Edited by
Claire Simpson
Production
company
BBC Films
DNA Films
Distributed by
Fox Searchlight Pictures
Release date
17 April 2015 (2015-04-17) (Istanbul Film Festival)
1 May 2015 (2015-05-01) (United Kingdom, United States)
Running time
119 minutes[1]
Country
United Kingdom[2]
Language
English
Budget
£12 million[3]
Box office
$30.2 million[4]
Far from the Madding Crowd is a 2015 British[2] romantic drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and starring Carey Mulligan, Matthias Schoenaerts, Michael Sheen, Tom Sturridge and Juno Temple. It is an adaptation of the 1874 novel Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy. It is the fourth film adaptation of the novel.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1870 Victorian England, Bathsheba Everdene (Carey Mulligan) is working on her aunt's farm in Dorset. Gabriel Oak (Matthias Schoenaerts), a new neighbour, sees Bathsheba riding her horse and falls in love with her. He proposes, but the headstrong Bathsheba declines, saying she is too independent and he would grow to despise her. One night a new sheepdog chases Gabriel's entire flock off a cliff. He settles his debts and is left penniless. He leaves in search of work. In contrast, Bathsheba inherits a farm from her uncle and leaves to take charge of it.
While Gabriel is at a fair trying to find employment, local soldiers attempt to recruit him and other townsmen. A young girl, Fanny Robin, notices him and points out one of the soldiers, Sergeant Frank Troy, her sweetheart. She suggests Gabriel seek employment at a farm in Weatherbury. Gabriel arrives to find several buildings on fire and saves the barn from destruction. At dawn the next day he is introduced to the farm's new mistress: Bathsheba. She hires him as a shepherd. In the meantime, Fanny goes to the wrong church for her wedding and Troy, apparently jilted, is devastated.
In town, Bathsheba proves to be a shrewd trader when selling her seed. She immediately is drawn to her neighbour William Boldwood (Michael Sheen), a prosperous and mature bachelor. Bathsheba sends Boldwood a Valentine as a joke, and he, both offended and intrigued, soon proposes marriage. Bathsheba says she does share his feelings but delays giving him a final answer. Gabriel admonishes Bathsheba for being foolish and unkind by playing with Boldwood's affections. She is stung by his criticism, and fires him, but the next day, given a crisis with the sheep that only he can manage, she sends after him and then pursues him to ask him to return. After her personal appeal, he comes back, saves some of the sheep, and stays on the farm.
One night while walking around her land, Bathsheba meets Troy, who is mesmerized by her beauty. Uncomfortable, she tells him he should not be there, but the next day he returns to help with the harvest. Bathsheba learns he is of a noble family, but tells him to leave. He flirts with her and flatters her, and arranges a secret meeting. At their rendezvous in the woods, he shows off his swordplay, telling her not to flinch as he swings his sword around her head and body. He finally embraces her in a passionate kiss and Bathsheba is left in a daze. Gabriel warns her that Frank is dangerous and dishonourable, but she nevertheless elopes with him, and they share their wedding night together.
Returning to the farm, the newly married couple celebrate with all the workers. Gabriel warns of an approaching storm, but the belligerent and drunk Frank interrupts him and insists that the party will not allow it to rain. Gabriel attempts by himself to cover the harvest with tarpaulins and Bathsheba, ashamed of Frank's drunken behavior with the other men, comes out into the wind and rain to help. Chastened, she tells Gabriel that she was a fool to fall prey to Frank's flattery.
One day in town, Frank sees Fanny begging. She tells him she had gone to the wrong church, and that she is pregnant with his baby. He promises her he will find a home for them, and that she should stay in the workhouse in the meantime. Frank, a degenerate gambler, asks Bathsheba for £20 and she refuses, saying the money is for farm expenses. Fanny and her baby die in childbirth; their coffin is delivered to Bathsheba's farm, which was her last known address. Bathsheba recognizes the name as one of her uncle's loyal servants and says the coffin should be brought inside for mourning. The words "Fanny Robin and child" are written on the coffin, but Gabriel surreptitiously erases "and child" from the slate while bringing it in. Bathsheba reads the erasure, opens the coffin, and discovers the mother and baby within. Frank, upon seeing Fanny and his dead baby, bends over the coffin and kisses Fanny's lips. Bathsheba protests that she is still his wife, but he coldly responds that even in death Fanny means more to him than Bathsheba ever had meant or ever could mean. In grief Frank goes to the beach, where he strips off his uniform and swims far into the ocean. The next day the constable arrives to inform Bathsheba that Frank has apparently drowned.
Left with Frank's gambling debts, Bathsheba worries she may lose the farm. Boldwood offers to buy it and merge it with his property, offering Gabriel a position as bailiff, and again proposes marriage. Bathsheba agrees to consider his offer. On the eve of the Christmas party he plans to throw, Boldwood shares with Gabriel that he knows of the affection he feels for Bathsheba, but adds he appreciates that he has been such a gentleman in the entire matter, and shows Gabriel the engagement ring he plans to offer her.
At the party, Boldwood graciously invites Gabriel and Bathsheba to share at least one dance. As they dance, she again asks Gabriel what she should do, and he answers simply to "Do what is right". She breaks off the dance and leaves, only to discover Frank, alive and well, slumbering up the pathway, outside. He was rescued from drowning but has faked his death for some weeks, preferring the idea of being 'dead.' Regretting his decision, he has returned and demands money from Bathsheba, claiming it was unfair that he gave up his profession for her and now lives off nothing while she has money and a house. When she insists she has no money, Frank demands that she sell the farm and grabs her roughly, screaming that she is still his wife and must obey him. Enraged, Boldwood emerges from the house and kills Frank with a single blast from his rifle, for which he is promptly imprisoned. As Gabriel witnesses all the finery, many dresses and jewellery, that Boldwood had already laid out upstairs in anticipation of Bathsheba's 'yes' answer, Bathsheba is remorseful and guiltridden. Gabriel tells her that if it's any consolation Boldwood is bound to be spared his life, for acting in a 'crime of passion'.
Some time later, Gabriel announces that since the farm is now secure, he'll be emigrating to America in four days time. As he leaves on foot early in the morning, Bathsheba stays at the farm battling her feelings and stubbornness. Finally, she chases after him on horseback and begs him not to leave, thanking him for all he's done for her, and always believing in her. Gabriel tells her, if only she would accept his love, then asks her if she would agree were he to propose again. Bathsheba smiles and tells him he needs ask once more. Gabriel kisses her passionately in response, and they walk back hand in hand.
Cast[edit]
Carey Mulligan as Bathsheba Everdene
Matthias Schoenaerts as Gabriel Oak
Michael Sheen as William Boldwood
Tom Sturridge as Sergeant Frank Troy
Juno Temple as Fanny Robin
Jessica Barden as Liddy
Sam Phillips as Sergeant Doggett
Tilly Vosburgh as Mrs. Hurst
Rowan Hedley as Maryann Money
Chris Gallarus as Billy Smallbury
Connor Webb as Merchant
Penny-Jane Swift as Mrs. Coggan
Rosie Masson as Soberness Miller
Alex Channon as Temperance Miller
Shaun Ward as Farmer
Roderick Swift as Everdene farmer
Don J. Whistance as Constable
Jamie Lee-Hill as Laban Tall
Production[edit]
Mapperton House doubled as Bathsheba Everdene's farm[6]
David Nicholls became attached to the film in 2008.[7] In April 2013, it was reported that Matthias Schoenaerts had been offered the role of Gabriel Oak alongside Carey Mulligan as Bathsheba Everdene.[8] Their casting was official in May 2013 with the participation of director Thomas Vinterberg.[9]
Principal photography started on 16 September 2013.[10] The film was shot in Dorset (Sherborne, Mapperton, and Beaminster),[11][12] Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and London.[10]
Mulligan claimed, in an appearance on The Graham Norton Show, that she hand-picked Schoenaerts to play Gabriel Oak after she saw him in the French film Rust and Bone.[13]
Thomas Vinterberg invented the scene in which Sergeant Troy clutches Bathsheba's crotch after the sword tricks because he wanted it to get more drastically sexual.[14] The British crew called it 'the Danish handshake'.[15] Vinterberg suggested that he would have gone much further if it had been a Danish film.[16]
Release[edit]
The film was released on 1 May 2015.[17][18]
The first teaser trailer debuted on 23 November 2014. It features the song "Let No Man Steal Your Thyme" performed by Carey Mulligan and Michael Sheen. A teaser poster was also revealed to mark the 140th anniversary of the novel of the same name.[19]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Far from the Madding Crowd grossed $12.2 million in North America and $17.9 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $30.2 million.[4]
Critical response[edit]
Far from the Madding Crowd received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 85%, based on 176 reviews, with the site's critical consensus reading, "Far from the Madding Crowd invites tough comparisons to Thomas Hardy's classic novel – and its previous adaptation – but stands on its own thanks to strong direction and a talented cast."[20] Metacritic gave the film a score of 71 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[21]
Carey Mulligan's performance was critically praised and some considered it better than the 1967 adaptation starring Julie Christie.[22][23] Rolling Stone's Peter Travers, in his three out of four star review, said "Vinterberg may rush the final act, but he brings out the wild side in Mulligan, who can hold a close-up like nobody's business. She's a live wire in a movie that knows how to stir up a classic for the here and now."[24]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Far From the Madding Crowd (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "The UK Box Office in 2015" (PDF). British Film Institute: BFI Research and Statistics Unit. 28 January 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charlotte Bruus Christensen / Far from the Madding Crowd". British Cinematographer. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Far from the Madding Crowd (2015)". Box Office Mojo (Amazon.com). Retrieved 25 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Foundas, Scott (2 April 2015). "Film Review: 'Far From the Madding Crowd'". Variety. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
Jump up ^ IMDb.Com retrieved 26 January 2018
Jump up ^ Kemp, Stuart (18 May 2008). "BBC Films has diverse slate". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Bamigboye, Baz (11 April 2013). "BAZ BAMIGBOYE: Carey Mulligan's the new face in the Madding Crowd". Daily Mail. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (17 May 2013). "Carey Mulligan, Matthias Schoenaerts Set For Searchlight's 'Far From The Madding Crowd'". Deadline.com. PMC. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, Mike (16 September 2013). "Searchlight Rounds Out 'Madding' Cast With Michael Sheen, Juno Temple". Deadline.com. PMC. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hardy's Far from the Madding Crowd looking for bearded men". BBC News. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Bolado, Catherine (1 November 2013). "First glimpse of new Far From the Madding Crowd movie filmed in Beaminster and west Dorset". Bridport News. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Carey Mulligan handpicked Matthias Schoenaerts for 'Far from the Madding Crowd'". YouTube. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Mekado (30 April 2015). "'Far From the Madding Crowd' (With Movie Trailer): Thomas Vinterberg Narrates a Scene". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Vinterberg explains the 'Danish Handshake' in Far from the Madding Crowd". YouTube. 2 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Pulver, Andrew (28 April 2015). "Far from the Madding Crowd director Thomas Vinterberg: 'It's always been me-me-me-me – until now'". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Anne. "Far from the Madding Crowd' To Open from Fox Searchlight Next May". Thompson on Hollywood.
Jump up ^ Miller, Lucasta (25 April 2015). "Far from the Madding Crowd, Does the film live up to Hardy's Novel". Guardian Review Section. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Far From the Madding Crowd: watch the teaser trailer". Telegraph. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Far From the Madding Crowd (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Far From the Madding Crowd". Metacritic. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Jason Best (1 May 2015). "Far From the Madding Crowd Film Review – Magnificent Mulligan dominates ravishing costume drama". Movie Talk. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Christy Lemire (1 May 2015). "Far from the Madding Crowd Movie Review (2015)". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Peter Travers (1 May 2015). "'Far From the Madding Crowd' Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
External links[edit]
Far from the Madding Crowd on IMDb
Far from the Madding Crowd at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
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Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
Adaptations
1915 film (lost)
1967 film
1998 TV miniseries
2015 film
Related
Thomas Hardy's Wessex
Tamara Drewe (comic strip)
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Wikisource texts
[show]
v
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Films directed by Thomas Vinterberg
Feature films
The Biggest Heroes (1996)
Festen (1998)
It's All About Love (2003)
Dear Wendy (2004)
A Man Comes Home (2007)
Submarino (2010)
The Hunt (2012)
Far from the Madding Crowd (2015)
The Commune (2016)
Kursk (2018)
Music video
Metallica: The Day That Never Comes (2008)
Related
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Practice of law
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In its most general sense, the practice of law involves giving legal advice to clients, drafting legal documents for clients, and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits, and is applied to the professional services of a lawyer or attorney at law, barrister, solicitor, or civil law notary. However, there is a substantial amount of overlap between the practice of law and various other professions where clients are represented by agents. These professions include real estate, banking, accounting, and insurance. Moreover, a growing number of legal document assistants (LDAs) are offering services which have traditionally been offered only by lawyers and their employee paralegals. Many documents may now be created by computer-assisted drafting libraries, where the clients are asked a series of questions that are posed by the software in order to construct the legal documents.
Contents
[hide]
1 United States
1.1 Unauthorized practice of law
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Enforcement
1.1.3 History and future
1.1.4 Attorney participation
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
United States[edit]
In the United States, the practice of law is conditioned upon admission to practice of law, and specifically admission to the bar of a particular state or other territorial jurisdiction. The American Bar Association and the American Law Institute are among the organizations that are concerned with the interests of lawyers as a profession and the promulgation of uniform standards of professionalism and ethics, but regulation of the practice of law is left to the individual states, and their definitions vary.[1]
Unauthorized practice of law[edit]
"Unauthorized practice of law" (UPL) is an act sometimes prohibited by statute, regulation, or court rules.[1]
Definition[edit]
The definition of "unauthorized practice of law" is variable, and is often conclusory and tautological,[2] i.e., it is the doing of a lawyer's or counselor's work by a non-lawyer for money.[1] There is some agreement that appearing in a legally constituted court in a legal proceeding to represent clients (particularly for a fee) is considered to be unauthorized practice of law.[1][2] But other variations are subject to interpretation and conflicting regulation, particularly as to the scope and breadth of the prohibition.[1] Black's Law Dictionary defines unauthorized practice of law as "The practice of law by a person, typically a nonlawyer, who has not been licensed or admitted to practice law in a given jurisdiction."[2]
The Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers notes:
The definitions and tests employed by courts to delineate unauthorized practice by non-lawyers have been vague or conclusory, while jurisdictions have differed significantly in describing what constitutes unauthorized practice in particular areas.
Certain activities, such as the representation of another person in litigation, are generally proscribed. Even in that area, many jurisdictions recognize exceptions for such matters as small-claims and landlord-tenant tribunals and certain proceedings in administrative agencies. Moreover, many jurisdictions have authorized law students and others not locally admitted to represent indigent persons or others as part of clinical legal education programs. . . .[2][3]
What is more controversial is out-of-court activities, particularly drafting of documents and giving advice, and whether that is considered to be unauthorized practice of law.[2][3] Some states have defined the "practice of law" to include those who appear as a representative in arbitration or act as arbitrators in disputes.[4] For example, there is a growing conflict between the multijurisdictional practice of law in arbitration proceedings in the financial service industry and state regulation of lawyers.[5] With a few exceptions, the general rule is that an appearance at an arbitration does not constitute the practice of law.[6]
The United States bankruptcy court for the Eastern District of Tennessee has held that "providing clients with explanations or definitions of such legal terms of art ... is, by itself, giving legal advice."[7][8] The North Carolina State Bar has held that "definition of lien law terms, warnings regarding time requirements, and reminders about sending out preliminary notices within five to ten days of beginning work, when combined with its preparation of legal documents [in the manner described], constitute providing legal advice."[7][8]
Texas law generally prohibits a person who is not an attorney from representing a client in a personal injury or property damage matter, and punishes a violation as a misdemeanor.[9] Some states also criminalize the separate behavior of falsely claiming to be lawyer (in Texas, for example, this is a felony).[10]
Enforcement[edit]
Criminal laws and enforcement of "Unauthorized Practice of Law (UPL)" statutes is the organized bar's preferred method. In Florida, the unauthorized practice of law is a third degree felony,[11] which is punishable by up to six months in prison[12] and $5000 in fines.[13] New Jersey has a law which makes it a “disorderly persons offense” to knowingly to engage in the unauthorized practice of law, and a “crime in the fourth degree” to commit UPL if one (a) creates a false impression that one is a lawyer; (b) derives a benefit from UPL, or (c) causes an injury by UPL.[14][15] In a 2015 survey by the American Bar Association, Florida had the largest budget—$1.8 million—nationwide for prosecuting the unauthorized practice of law.[16]
Despite the state's interest in protecting the public and so-called "learned professions" from having unschooled persons practising them, and the state's insistence on enforcing a monopoly, the existence of laws governing (or defining) "unauthorized practice of Law" does not, ipso facto mean that they will be enforced.[17]
History and future[edit]
The American Bar Association proposed model rules regarding the unauthorized practice of law, which Judge Richard Posner characterized as an attempt to perpetuate a monopoly to the disadvantage of consumers.[14] The judge observed that the legal profession is “a cartel of providers of services relating to society’s laws” which cartel's focus is to restrict entry. "Modern economists call it 'rent seeking', but throughout recorded history, skilled crafts and professions have tried to raise their members’ incomes by using the power of the state to limit entry."[14]
The practice of law was not formally regulated in Arizona for a time. However, the Arizona Supreme Court found independent inherent authority to regulate the practice of law.[18] Arizona's statute criminalizing unauthorized practice of law was allowed to lapse from a sunset law in 1985. Rose suggests that legislative proposals to recriminalize the unauthorized practice of law have heretofore failed because of anti-lawyer sentiment in Arizona politics.[19] Moreover, Rose asserts that resentment lingers from an unpopular interpretation of the old statute in State Bar v. Arizona Land Title & Trust Co., 90 Ariz. 76 (1961). This ruling sanctioned a title and realty company engaged in drafting contracts. Rose says, "Throughout the country, various jurisdictions have developed numerous tests for defining the practice of law. But none is broader nor more all-encompassing than that articulated in Arizona Title."[20]
Attorney participation[edit]
In the United States, the rules of professional conduct generally prohibit an attorney from assisting a non-attorney from engaging in the unauthorized practice of law. An attorney therefore may not partner with or split fees with a non-attorney in the performance of any sort of legal work. Furthermore, an attorney may not employ a disbarred or suspended attorney in a legal practice where former clients of the disbarred or suspended attorney will be represented.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Disbarment
Law
Law degree
Law Society of British Columbia v. Mangat
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "State Definitions of the Practice of Law" (PDF). American Bar Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Garner, Bryan A. ed. Black's Law Dictionary (7th ed.). St. Paul MN: West. pp. 1191–1192. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers (4 cmt c ed.). American Law Institute. 1998.
Jump up ^ Spector, David M.; Romero, Jessica (First Quarter 2006). "Arbitration and The Unauthorized Practice of Law" (PDF). ARIAS Quarterly U.S. AIDA Reinsurance & Insurance Arbitration Society. 13 (1): 16–19. Retrieved May 18, 2011. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ "BNA INSIGHTS: State Regulation of Unauthorized Practice of Law in Arbitration and Mediation: The Trend Toward Permitting Multijurisdictional Practice in Alternative Dispute Resolution". Securities Regulation & Law Report. Bureau of National Affairs. August 16, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bennett, Steven C. (May 2002). Arbitration: essential concepts. New York: Incisive Media, LLC. pp. 175–178. ISBN 978-0-9705970-8-3. ISBN 0-9705970-8-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Budde, Nate (11 April 2014). "Can Software Practice Law? The Unauthorized Practice of Law and Technology". The Lien & Credit Journal. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b North Carolina State Bar v. Lienguard, Inc., 2014 NCBC 11
Jump up ^ Tex. Gov’t Code sec. 38.123. Chapter 38 of the penal code, containing 38.122 and 38.123 Archived May 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Tex. Gov’t Code sec. 38.122
Jump up ^ §454.23 Fla. Stat. (2016)("Any person not licensed or otherwise authorized to practice law in this state who practices law in this state or holds himself or herself out to the public as qualified to practice law in this state ... commits a felony of the third degree."
Jump up ^ §775.082(3)(e) Fla. Stat.(2016)
Jump up ^ §775.083(1)(c) Fla. Stat. (2016)
^ Jump up to: a b c McCarter, George W.C. (May 1, 2003). "The ABA's Attack on "Unauthorized" Practice of Law and Consumer Choice". The Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ See N.J.S A. 2C:21-22.
Jump up ^ Draper, Lindsay (September 2015). "2015 Survey of Unlicensed Practice of Law Committees" (PDF). American Bar Association. Retrieved 17 December 2016. The Florida Bar continues to lead the country in funding UPL enforcement, spending approximately $1.8 million annually.
Jump up ^ "Unauthorized practice". Free Dictionary. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ In re Creasy, 198 Ariz. 539 (2000). See generally Jonathan Rose, "Unauthorized Practice of Law in Arizona: A Legal and Political Problem That Won't Go Away", 34 Ariz. St. L.J. 585.
Jump up ^ Id. at 593.
Jump up ^ Rose at 588.
External links[edit]
"What Would Happen Without Unauthorized Practice of Law Statutes?". Lawyerist.com. 2011-12-03. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
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