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Kenny G
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Kenny G
Kenny G in May 2013
Background information
Birth name
Kenneth Bruce Gorelick
Also known as
Kenny G
Born
(1956-06-05) June 5, 1956 (age 61)
Origin
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Genres
Adult contemporary
smooth jazz
easy listening
Occupation(s)
Musician
songwriter
record producer
Instruments
Soprano saxophone
alto saxophone
tenor saxophone
flute
Years active
1973–1982 (group)
1982–present (solo)
Labels
Arista (1982–2006)
Concord
(2008–present)
Associated acts
Michael Bolton
Toni Braxton
Babyface
Kashif
David Foster
Andrea Bocelli
Richard Marx
Website
www.kennyg.com
Kenneth Bruce Gorelick (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name Kenny G, is an American saxophonist. His 1986 album, Duotones, brought him commercial success.[1] Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician of the modern era and one of the best-selling artists of all time, with global sales totaling more than 75 million records.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Early career
2.2 1980s: Early success and breakthrough with Duotones
2.3 1990s: Worldwide acclaim with Breathless, Miracles and The Moment
2.4 2000s: Continued popularity
2.5 2010s: Current projects
3 Popularity in China
3.1 Hong Kong Protests Controversy
4 Criticism
5 Equipment
6 Personal life
7 Discography
8 Concert tours
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Early life
Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington. His mother was originally from Saskatchewan, Canada. His family was Jewish, and he grew up in Seattle's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. He came into contact with the saxophone when he heard a performance on The Ed Sullivan Show.[1] He started playing saxophone, a Buffet Crampon alto, in 1966 when he was 10 years old.[3]
Kenny G attended Whitworth Elementary School, Sharples Junior High School, Franklin High School, and the University of Washington, all in his home city of Seattle. When he entered high school he failed at his first attempt to get into the jazz band, but tried again the following year and earned first chair.[4][5] His Franklin High School classmate Robert Damper (piano, keyboards) plays in his band.[6][7] In addition to his studies while in high school, he took private lessons on the saxophone and clarinet from Johnny Jessen, once a week for a year.[8]
He was also on his high school golf team.[5] He has been a fan of the sport since his elder brother, Brian Gorelick, introduced him to it when he was ten.[5]
Career
Early career
Kenny G playing in Shanghai in 2007
Kenny G's career started with a job as a sideman for Barry White's Love Unlimited Orchestra in 1973; he was 17 and still in high school.[9][10] He continued to play professionally while studying for a major in accounting at the University of Washington in Seattle, and graduated magna cum laude.[9][11] He played with the funk band Cold, Bold and Together[11] before becoming a credited member of The Jeff Lorber Fusion.[10] He began his solo career after his period with Lorber.[10]
1980s: Early success and breakthrough with Duotones
Kenny G signed with Arista Records as a solo artist in 1982, after label president Clive Davis heard his rendition of ABBA's "Dancing Queen".[10] He released his self-titled first album with the help of The Jeff Lorber Fusion. The album received warm reviews from critics. He achieved success quite early on, with both G Force and Gravity, his second and third studio albums respectively, achieving platinum status in the United States. At that time he collaborated with Kashif on many tracks, such as the single Love on the Rise, which was released in 1985 and went on to chart. His fourth studio album, Duotones, sold over five million copies in the U.S. alone. It featured the songs "Songbird", with reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single "Don't Make Me Wait for Love", which featured vocals from Lenny Williams, charted at #15 on the Hot 100, and #2 on the Adult Contemporary charts in 1987. Kenny G worked in the mid-to-late 1980s with jazz and R&B artists such as George Benson, Patti LaBelle and Aretha Franklin. The 1987 hit-single "Love Power", a Dionne Warwick duet with Jeffrey Osborne that featured G as a guest saxophonist, peaked at #12 on the Billboard Hot 100, and #5 on R&B/Hip-Hop songs. His first live album, titled Kenny G Live, included popular songs, among which "Going Home" achieved great success in the People's Republic of China. G has collaborated with a wide variety of artists, such as Andrea Bocelli,[12] Aaron Neville, Toni Braxton, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince,[13] Natalie Cole,[14] Steve Miller,[15] Weezer, Dudley Moore, Lee Ritenour, The Rippingtons, Michael Bolton, Celine Dion, Frank Sinatra, Bebel Gilberto and Smokey Robinson.[12] Influenced by the likes of saxophonist Grover Washington, Jr.,[8] his own albums are usually classified as smooth jazz.
1990s: Worldwide acclaim with Breathless, Miracles and The Moment
Kenny G has worked on several film soundtracks, including Dying Young and The Bodyguard. The song "Theme for Dying Young", written for that movie, was nominated for a Best Pop Instrumental Performance. G co-wrote the soundtrack of The Bodyguard, starring Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston, and performed his own song "Waiting for You" as well as his single "Even If My Heart Would Break". His music was also included in The Shadow and Miracle on 34th Street.
His sixth studio album, Breathless, was released in 1992, and went on to become the best-selling instrumental album ever, with over 15 million copies sold worldwide, selling 12 million copies in the United States alone. The album included many hits such as "Forever in Love", the recipient of the Grammy Award for the Best Instrumental Composition and which charted in the Billboard Year-End Hot 100. "Sentimental" charted at #27 on the Adult Contemporary, and "By the Time This Night Is Over", a collaboration with Peabo Bryson, peaked at #25 on the Hot 100. His first holiday album, Miracles, sold over 13 million copies, making it the most successful Christmas album to date.[11] He also performed the "National Anthem of the United States" at the 1994 FIFA World Cup closing ceremony at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on July 17, 1994.[16]
Kenny G earned a place in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1997 for playing the longest note ever recorded on a saxophone. Using circular breathing, Kenny G held an E-flat for 45 minutes and 47 seconds at J&R Music World in New York City.[17] The same year, his song "Havana", from the album The Moment, was remixed by Todd Terry and Tony Moran and released to dance clubs in the U.S. The mixes went to No.1 on the Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs chart in April 1997,[18]
Kenny G's second holiday album, Faith, is the best selling holiday album of 1999 in the United States selling 2 million units according to Nielsen/SoundScan. The singles taken from the album, the traditional Auld Lang Syne, reached #7 on the Hot 100.
2000s: Continued popularity
In February 2000, Kenny G was invited to the White House and performed for state governors and members of the Clinton Cabinet.[19]
He released his eight studio album, Paradise in 2002. The album featured R&B singer Brian McKnight, and included singles "One More Time", a duet with Chanté Moore.
On At Last...The Duets Album, he collaborated with friends and colleagues David Sanborn, David Benoit, Daryl Hall, lead singer of Hall & Oates, Burt Bacharach, and Barbra Streisand. It includes covers such as Careless Whisper, and Elton John's Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word, a collaboration with Richard Marx. The album is certified Gold in the US.
2006 saw the release of Kenny G's eleventh studio album I'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time featuring renditions of The Beatles's songs, the love theme from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the Secret Garden's hit song You Raise Me Up, and James Blunt's You're Beautiful, as well as the Chinese ballad The Moon Represents My Heart.
Kenny G was named the 25th highest-selling artist in America by the RIAA, with 48 million albums sold in the USA as of July 31, 2006.[20]
In October 2009, Kenny G appeared with the band Weezer in an AOL promotion of their album Raditude by soloing during "I'm Your Daddy". Kenny G said he knew nothing of Weezer before the performance.[21] Though some music critics thereby rejoined in the common criticism of his work,[22][23] the unlikely combination was fairly well received by AOL's magazines Spinner.com and Popeater.com.[21][24]
2010s: Current projects
His 2010 album Heart and Soul is strongly influenced by R&B, featuring Robin Thicke and his long-time collaborator Babyface. It garnered positive reviews from critics.
In February 2011 Kenny G was featured in the Super Bowl XLV ad for Audi called "Release the Hounds."[25] Kenny G later starred in a short as Head of Riot Suppression for a luxury Prison.[26]
G made an appearance in the music video for pop star Katy Perry's single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" as Uncle Kenny. On October 8, 2011 episode of Saturday Night Live, G performed alongside alternative rock band Foster the People on the song "Houdini."
Kenny G hosts a radio show alongside Sandy Kovach on WLOQ in Orlando, Florida.[27]
G's 14th studio album, Brazilian Nights was announced on October 28, 2014. According to G, the album was inspired by Cannonball Adderley's bossa nova recordings, Paul Desmond, and Stan Getz. The album was released in January 2015.[28] It help Kenny G back to the Billboard 200, at number 86. Kenny G kicked off "The Brazilian Tour", supporting for the album, throughout North America and many countries in Asia, later in the year.
In February 2017, Kenny G was spoofed by Andy Samberg in the Netflix original comic production "Michael Bolton's Big, Sexy Valentine's Day Special". At the end of the scene, Kenny G appears as a janitor.[29]
Popularity in China
Kenny G has recorded Chinese songs, such as "Jasmine Flower" (茉莉花) or "The Moon Represents My Heart" (月亮代表我的心). His music is noticeably popular in China.[30]
Since 1989, Kenny G's recording "Going Home" from the Kenny G Live album has become an unconventional mega-hit throughout China: It has become the unofficial national closing song for businesses such as food courts, outdoor markets, health clubs, shopping malls and train stations throughout the country.[31] Many businesses begin piping the music over their loudspeakers shortly before closing at night. Television stations also play the song before ending their evening broadcasts at night. Many Chinese, when asked, say they associate the song with the need to finish their activity or business and go home (although they may not even know the name of the song or its artist).[32][33]
Hong Kong Protests Controversy
Kenny G became embroiled in controversy when he posted Twitter images of his visit to the site of the 2014 Hong Kong protests, which the PRC government has declared illegal, saying "I wish everyone a peaceful and positive conclusion to this situation". The feed provoked an immediate angry reaction from the Chinese foreign ministry. G issued a clarification: "I don't really know anything about the situation and my impromptu visit to the site was just part of an innocent walk around Hong Kong ... I only wanted to share my wish for peace for Hong Kong and for all of China as I feel close to and care about China very much."[33][34][35][36]
Criticism
Kenny G has attracted significant criticism from mainstream jazz musicians and enthusiasts. Pat Metheny stated that he was a "pop" saxophonist, "but was not really an advanced player, even in that style", adding that he had "major rhythmic problems" and that his "harmonic and melodic vocabulary was extremely limited, mostly to pentatonic based and blues-lick derived patterns". Metheny believes that the main reason why Kenny G has become unpopular and easy to attack by accomplished jazz musicians is due to the "fact that he sells an enormous amount of records while not being anywhere near a really great player in relation to the standards that have been set on his instrument over the past sixty or seventy years".[37] Branford Marsalis once stated in an interview with Jazziz magazine: "When all these jazz guys get in a tizzy over Kenny G, they need to leave Kenny alone. He's not stealing jazz. The audience he has wouldn't be caught dead at a real jazz concert or club. It's not like some guy says, ‘You know, I used to listen to Miles, 'Trane and Ornette. And then I heard Kenny G, and I never put on another Miles record.' It's a completely different audience."[38]
Kenny G's 1999 single "What A Wonderful World" was criticized in its overdubbing of Louis Armstrong's classic recording. The primary criticism is that a revered recording by an artist such as Armstrong, known especially for improvisation, should not be altered, especially by a musician whose range and depth of understanding of classic jazz was already in question.[39][40][41][42][43] Some columnists counter the criticism by suggesting that Kenny G's recording would expose a wider audience to classic jazz, though the overall response to his recording tended to be extremely negative.[44]
Equipment
Kenny G plays the Selmer Mark VI soprano, alto and tenor saxophones. He has created his own line of saxophones called "Kenny G Saxophones".[45]
Personal life
Kenny G married Lyndie Benson in 1992, and the couple had two sons. In January 2012, Benson-Gorelick filed for legal separation.[46] Kenny G filed for divorce in August 2012.[47]
Kenny G lives in Malibu, California.[48] He is an avid golfer and has a handicap of +0.6.[4] He has participated in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am tournament seven times as of 2007 and teamed with Phil Mickelson to share the AT&T pro-am title in 2001 with the team of Tiger Woods and Jerry Chang.[5] In the Golf Digest rankings of Top 100 in Music, according to golf handicap indexes of major musicians, he was first in 2006[4] and second in 2008.[49] He is a member at Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California.
Kenny G is an aircraft pilot and has a De Havilland Beaver seaplane that he flies regularly.[50] He was also an early investor in the Starbucks coffee house chain.[51]
Discography
Main article: Kenny G discography
Kenny G (1982)
G Force (1983)
Gravity (1985)
Duotones (1986)
Silhouette (1988)
Breathless (1992)
Miracles: The Holiday Album (1994)
The Moment (1996)
Greatest Hits (1997)
Classics in the Key of G (1999)
Faith: A Holiday Album (1999)
Paradise (2002)
At Last...The Duets Album (2004)
I'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time (2006)
Rhythm and Romance (2008)
Heart and Soul (2010)
Namaste (with Rahul Sharma) (2012)
Brazilian Nights (2015)
Concert tours
Moment of Truth World Tour (with Whitney Houston) (1987)
Secrets Tour (with Toni Braxton) (1996)
Brazilian Tour (2015)
The Hits Tour (with Toni Braxton) (2016)
The Breezin' & Breathless Tour (with George Benson) (2017)
The Miracles Holiday & Hits Tour (2017)
See also
Kenny G – Wikipedia book
References
^ Jump up to: a b "Kenny G Is Still the Smooth Jazz King". Barnes & Noble.com. October 2002. Archived from the original on April 21, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hwang, Kellie (July 2, 2013). "7/5: Kenny G performing at Wild Horse Pass Casino". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kenny G (June 19, 2009). "Some more Q & A". Kenny G Rhythm and Romance. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Diaz, Jaime (December 2006). "After selling millions of records, Grammy winner Kenny G wants to conquer golf". Golf Digest. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kroichick, Ron (February 7, 2007). "Kenny G can swing with the best of them". Scripps News. ScrippsNews.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Robert Damper". Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gene Stout. Seattle-bred sax star Kenny G wows crowd in Jazz Alley debut". The Seattle Times. April 27, 2012. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wissmuller, Christian (2006). "I'm just doing my own thing, too". Jazzed (December/January). Retrieved April 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Glenn, Alan (1995). "Kenny G". Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Yanow, Scott. "Kenny G Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zimmerman, Kevin (September 30, 2002). "Kenny G Has Time on his Side". BMI.com. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Sandow, Greg (2007). "Kenny G". Microsoft Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Moment – Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Everlasting – Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Living in the 20th Century – Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Star-Spangled Banner - Kenny G - 1994 FIFA World Cup closing ceremonies at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, CA, on Jul. 17 1994". YouTube. August 13, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kenny G. Blows". Yahoo!. December 2, 1997. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dance/Club Play Songs – Week of April 26, 1997". Billboard. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Anne Gearan. Clinton hosts governors minus Bush". Associated Press. February 27, 2000. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top Artists". RIAA.com. July 31, 2006. Archived from the original on March 4, 2007. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Charley Rogulewski Weezer Run With Chamillionaire, Sara Bareilles and ... Kenny G? Spinner.com, October 23, 2009
Jump up ^ Tom Breihan Weezer Team Up With Kenny G, Chamillionaire, Sara Bareilles Pitchfork Media, October 23, 2009
Jump up ^ Mike Burr Weezer Breaks Out Rolodex, Brings Kenny G., Chamillionaire, and Sara Bareilles To AOL Session Prefix Magazine, October 23, 2009
Jump up ^ Kenny G Steps Back Into the Spotlight popeater.com, October 26, 2009
Jump up ^ Audi Big Game Commercial 2011 – Release the Hounds on YouTube, February 2, 2011
Jump up ^ Audi Big Game 2011 Teaser – Kenny G Riot Suppressor (Part 2) on YouTube, February 1, 2011
Jump up ^ "Kenny G & Sandy Kovach – Orlando's Smooth Jazz". 1025wloq.com. August 18, 2011. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jazz Times | Detail Archived October 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Sophie. "Netflix and Chill With a Michael Bolton Valentine's Day Special". www.theatlantic.com. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
Jump up ^ 吹萨克斯的肯尼·基为什么这么遭人嫌弃.
Jump up ^ Kory Grow (May 12, 2014). "China Embraces Kenny G's 'Going Home' as Its Anthem to Go Home". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Levin, Dan (May 11, 2014). "China Says Goodbye in the Key of G: Kenny G". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Jonathan Kaiman. "China furious after Kenny G appears to back Hong Kong protesters". The Guardian. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kenny G angers China with 'Occupy' Hong Kong visit – CNN". CNN. October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tweets in Hong Kong Put Kenny G in Jam With Communist Party". NPR. October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Levin, Dan (OCT. 22, 2014). "Beijing Unsoothed by a Kenny G Visit". The New York Times
Jump up ^ "Pat Metheny on Kenny G". Jazzoasis.com. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "5 reasons we really don't like Kenny G". Las Vegas Sun. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Jump up ^ Ben Ratliff MUSIC; Jazz Can Take Itself Too Seriously The New York Times, July 16, 2000
Jump up ^ Mark Sabbatini Kenny G: At Last...The Duets Album All About Jazz, December 30, 2004
Jump up ^ George Varga Kenny G: Changes His Tune JazzTimes May 1999
Jump up ^ Mike Joyce Who's overrated? Who's Underrated? JazzTimes, September 1997
Jump up ^ Pat Metheny MUSIC; Pat Metheny on Kenny G Jazz Oasis, October 5, 2000
Jump up ^ Maldonado, Shirley (August 10, 2000). "Gee whiz, give Kenny a break". Boston Herald. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kenny G Saxophones". Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Everett, Christina (January 20, 2011). "Kenny G's wife files for legal separation". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Fleeman, Mike (August 13, 2012). "Kenny G Files for Divorce After 20 Years of Marriage". People. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Girl hurt by item cast from Kenny G's home". Los Angeles Times. June 30, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Furlong, Lisa; Craig Bestrom (November 2008). "The Top 100 in Music". Golf Digest. Condé Nast Digital. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Strauss, Neil (October 31, 2006). "... And Two if by Seaplane". The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Harding, Cortney (January 25, 2008). "Q&A: Kenny G explores Latin 'Rhythm'". Reuters. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
External links
Kenny G's official website
Kenny G at Myspace
Kenny G at Legacy Recordings
Kenny G at VH1.com
Kenny G Interview – Billboard en Español
Kenny G at Allmusic
Kenny G on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Kenny G
Studio albums
Kenny G
G Force
Gravity
Duotones
Silhouette
Breathless
The Moment
Paradise
Rhythm & Romance
Heart and Soul
Namaste
Brazilian Nights
Singles
"Hi, How Ya Doin'?"
"Songbird"
"Silhouette"
"Going Home"
"Forever in Love"
"By the Time This Night Is Over"
"Sentimental"
"The Moment"
"Havana"
"One More Time"
"Fall Again"
"Heart and Soul"
Holiday albums
Miracles
Faith
Wishes
Live albums
Kenny G Live
Best
Greatest hits albums
The Very Best of Kenny G
Kenny G – Greatest Hits
Ultimate Kenny G
The Greatest Holiday Classics
The Essential Kenny G
Compilation albums
The Collection
Montage
In America
The Romance of Kenny G
The Holiday Collection
Cover albums
Classics in the Key of G
At Last...The Duets Album
I'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time
Related articles
Discography
Book:Kenny G
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 100316956
LCCN: n88624680
ISNI: 0000 0001 1691 9108
GND: 134380061
BNF: cb13941852n (data)
MusicBrainz: 4cd556a5-db82-43f6-8d55-99598b42da8f
BNE: XX1437381
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenny_G&oldid=815385908"
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Pinocchio (1940 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pinocchio
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Supervising Directors
Ben Sharpsteen
Hamilton Luske
Sequence Directors
Bill Roberts
Norman Ferguson
Jack Kinney
Wilfred Jackson
T. Hee
Produced by
Walt Disney
Screenplay by
Ted Sears
Otto Englander
Webb Smith
William Cottrell
Joseph Sabo
Erdman Penner
Aurelius Battaglia
Based on
The Adventures of Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi
Starring
Cliff Edwards
Dickie Jones
Christian Rub
Mel Blanc
Walter Catlett
Charles Judels
Evelyn Venable
Frankie Darro
Music by
Leigh Harline
Paul J. Smith
Production
company
Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by
RKO Radio Pictures
Release date
February 7, 1940 (1940-02-07) (Center Theatre)
February 23, 1940 (1940-02-23) (United States)[1]
Running time
88 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$2,289,247[2]
Box office
$84.2 million[3]
Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Italian children's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It was the second animated feature film produced by Disney, made after the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).
The plot of the film involves an old wood-carver named Geppetto who carves a wooden puppet named Pinocchio. The puppet is brought to life by a blue fairy, who informs him that he can become a real boy if he proves himself to be "brave, truthful, and unselfish". Pinocchio's efforts to become a real boy involve encounters with a host of unsavory characters. The film was adapted by Aurelius Battaglia, William Cottrell, Otto Englander, Erdman Penner, Joseph Sabo, Ted Sears, and Webb Smith from Collodi's book. The production was supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the film's sequences were directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney, and Bill Roberts. Pinocchio was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles, machinery and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows and water. The film was released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 7, 1940.
Critical analysis of Pinocchio identifies it as a simple morality tale that teaches children of the benefits of hard work and middle-class values. Although it became the first animated feature to win a competitive Academy Award – winning two for Best Music, Original Score and for Best Music, Original Song for "When You Wish Upon A Star" – it was initially a box office disaster. It eventually made a profit in its 1945 reissue, and is considered one of the greatest animated films ever made, with a rare 100% rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes. The film and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring at various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry for being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing and design
3.3 Casting
3.4 Animation
4 Soundtrack
5 Themes
6 Reception
6.1 Initial release
6.2 Modern acclaim
7 Reissues and home media
8 Legacy
9 Cancelled sequel
10 Live-action film
11 See also
12 References
13 Bibliography
14 External links
Plot[edit]
Jiminy Cricket explains that he is going to tell a story of a wish coming true. His story begins in the workshop of a woodworker named Geppetto. Jiminy watches as Geppetto finishes work on a wooden marionette whom he names Pinocchio. Before falling asleep, Geppetto makes a wish on a star that Pinocchio be a real boy. During the night, a Blue Fairy visits the workshop and brings Pinocchio to life, although he still remains a puppet. She informs him that if he proves himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, he will become a real boy, and assigns Jiminy to be his conscience.
Gideon (left) and Honest John (right)
Geppetto discovers that his wish has come true, and is filled with joy. However, on his way to school, Pinocchio is led astray by Honest John the Fox and his companion, Gideon the Cat, who convince him to join Stromboli's puppet show, despite Jiminy's objections. Pinocchio becomes Stromboli's star attraction as a marionette who can sing and dance without strings. However, when Pinocchio wants to go home for the night, Stromboli locks him in a birdcage. Jiminy arrives to see Pinocchio, and is unable to free him. The Blue Fairy appears, and asks Pinocchio why he was not at school. Jiminy urges Pinocchio to tell the truth, but instead he starts telling lies, which causes his nose to grow longer and longer. Pinocchio vows to be good from now on, and the Blue Fairy returns his nose to its original form and sets him free, while warning him that this will be the last time she can help him.
Meanwhile, across town, Honest John and Gideon meet a coachman who promises to pay them money if they can find naughty little boys for him to take to Pleasure Island. Encountering Pinocchio on his way home, they convince him that he needs to take a vacation there. On the way to Pleasure Island, he befriends Lampwick, a delinquent boy. Without rules or authority to enforce their activity, Pinocchio and the other boys soon engage in smoking tobacco, gambling, vandalism, and getting drunk, much to Jiminy's dismay. Later, while trying to get home, Jiminy discovers that the island hides a horrible curse: the boys brought to Pleasure Island are transformed into donkeys and sold into slave labor. Jiminy runs back to warn Pinocchio, only to discover that Lampwick has transformed into a donkey; Pinocchio manages to escape, only partially transformed.
Upon returning home, Pinocchio and Jiminy find the workshop vacant. They soon get a letter from the blue fairy as a dove, stating that Geppetto had ventured out in search of Pinocchio, but was swallowed by a giant sperm whale named Monstro, and is now living in his belly. Determined to rescue his father, Pinocchio jumps into the sea accompanied by Jiminy. Pinocchio is soon swallowed by Monstro as well, where he is reunited with Geppetto. Pinocchio devises a scheme to make Monstro sneeze, giving them a chance to escape. The scheme works, but the enraged whale chases them, and smashes their raft. Pinocchio pulls Geppetto to safety in a cave before Monstro crashes into it. They are all washed up on a beach on the other side. Geppetto and Jiminy survive, but Pinocchio lies motionless face down in a tide pool nearby. Back home, the group mourns him. The Blue Fairy, however, decides that Pinocchio has proven himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, that he is reborn as a real human boy (his donkey ears and tail also gone), and everyone celebrates. Jiminy steps outside to thank the Fairy, and is rewarded with a solid gold badge that certifies him as an official conscience.
Cast[edit]
Dickie Jones as Pinocchio, a wooden puppet carved by Geppetto, and turned into a living puppet by the Blue Fairy.
Jones also provided the voice of Alexander, a boy transformed into a donkey.
Cliff Edwards as Jiminy Cricket, a cheerful and wise cricket, who acts as Pinocchio's "conscience", and the partial narrator of the story.
Christian Rub as Mister Geppetto, a kind and elderly woodcarver, who creates Pinocchio, and wishes for him to become a real boy.
Figaro the cat and Cleo the goldfish are Geppetto's pets. Figaro is a spoiled cat who is prone to jealousy. Cleo is a flirty little goldfish with a habit of being Figaro's counselor.
Walter Catlett as "Honest" John Worthington Foulfellow, a sly anthropomorphic red fox, and the main antagonist of the film, who tricks Pinocchio twice in the film.
Gideon the Cat, Honest John's mute, crafty, and anthropomorphic feline sidekick. He was originally intended to be voiced by Mel Blanc of Looney Tunes fame (in his second work for Disney until his final work in Who Framed Roger Rabbit), but the filmmakers removed his dialogue from the script in favor of a mute performance (e.g. Harpo Marx) just like Dopey in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[4] However, Gideon's hiccups were provided by Blanc.[4]
Charles Judels as Stromboli, a large, sinister, bearded Italian puppet-maker, who forces Pinocchio to perform onstage in order to make money. He speaks with an Italian accent, and curses in Italian when he gets angry, though he is identified as a gypsy. He is the only antagonist of the film to be part of the official Disney Villains line-up.
Judels also voiced the devious and sadistic Coachman, owner and operator of Pleasure Island, who enjoys turning unruly boys into donkeys.
Evelyn Venable as The Blue Fairy, who brings Pinocchio to life, and turns him into a real boy at the end of the film.
Frankie Darro as Lampwick, a naughty boy that Pinocchio befriends on his way to Pleasure Island. He is turned into a donkey on Pleasure Island.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In September 1937, during the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, animator Norman Ferguson brought a translated version of Carlo Collodi's 1883 Italian children's novel, The Adventures of Pinocchio to the attention of Walt Disney. After reading the book "Walt was busting his guts with enthusiasm" as Ferguson later recalled.[5] Pinocchio was intended to be the studio's third film, after Bambi. However, due to difficulties with Bambi (adapting the story and animating the animals realistically), it was put on hold and Pinocchio was moved ahead in production.[6]
Writing and design[edit]
Unlike Snow White, which was a short story that the writers could expand and experiment with, Pinocchio was based on a novel with a very fixed story. Therefore, the story went through drastic changes before reaching its final incarnation.[4][6] In the original novel, Pinocchio is a cold, rude, ungrateful, inhuman creature that often repels sympathy and only learns his lessons by means of brutal torture.[6] The writers decided to modernize the character and depict him similar to Edgar Bergen's dummy Charlie McCarthy, but equally as rambunctious as the puppet in the book.[4] The story was still being developed in the early stages of animation.[6]
Ollie Johnston
Frank Thomas
Early scenes animated by Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas show that Pinocchio's design was exactly like that of a real wooden puppet with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap and bare wooden hands.[4]
Early scenes animated by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston show that Pinocchio's design was exactly like that of a real wooden puppet with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap and bare wooden hands.[6] Walt Disney, however, was not pleased with the work that was being done on the film. He felt that no one could really sympathize with such a character and called for an immediate halt in production.[4][6] Fred Moore redesigned the character slightly to make him more appealing but the design still retained a wooden feel.[6] Young and upcoming animator Milt Kahl felt that Thomas, Johnston and Moore were "rather obsessed with the idea of this boy being a wooden puppet" and felt that they should "forget that he was a puppet and get a cute little boy; you can always draw the wooden joints and make him a wooden puppet afterwards".[6] Hamilton Luske suggested to Kahl that he should demonstrate his beliefs by animating a test sequence.[6] Kahl showed Disney a test scene in which Pinocchio is underwater looking for his father.[6] From this scene Kahl re-envisioned the character by making him look more like a real boy, with a child's Tyrolean hat and standard cartoon character four-fingered (or three and a thumb) hands with Mickey Mouse-type gloves on them. The only parts of Pinocchio that still looked more or less like a puppet were his arms, legs and his little button wooden nose. Disney embraced Kahl's scene and immediately urged the writers to evolve Pinocchio into a more innocent, naïve, somewhat coy personality that reflected Kahl's design.[4]
However, Disney found that the new Pinocchio was too helpless and was far too often led astray by deceiving characters. Therefore, in the summer of 1938 Disney and his story team established the character of the cricket.[6] Originally the cricket was only a minor character that Pinocchio killed by squashing him with a mallet and that later returned as a ghost.[4] Disney dubbed the cricket Jiminy, and made him into a character that would try to guide Pinocchio into the right decisions. Once the character was expanded, he was depicted as a realistic cricket with toothed legs and waving antennae, but Disney wanted something more likable.[6] Ward Kimball had spent several months animating a "Soup Eating Sequence" in Snow White, which was cut from the film due to pacing reasons. Kimball was about to quit until Disney rewarded him for his work by promoting him to the supervising animator of Jiminy Cricket.[4] Kimball conjured up the design for Jiminy Cricket, whom he described as a little man with an egg head and no ears.[6] "The only thing that makes him a cricket is because we call him one," Kimball later joked.[7]
Casting[edit]
Dickie Jones (right) voices Pinocchio in the film.
Due to the huge success of Snow White, Walt Disney wanted more famous voices for Pinocchio, which marked the first time an animated film had used celebrities as voice actors.[5] He cast popular singer Cliff Edwards, also known as "Ukelele Ike", as Jiminy Cricket. Edwards was a popular entertainer who had made the first million-selling record.[8] Disney rejected the idea of having an adult play Pinocchio and insisted that the character be voiced by a real child.[4] He cast 12-year-old child actor Dickie Jones, who had previously been in Frank Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.[9] He also cast Frankie Darro as Lampwick, Walter Catlett as Foulfellow the Fox, Evelyn Venable as the Blue Fairy, Charles Judels as both the villainous Stromboli and the Coachman, and Christian Rub as Geppetto, whose design was even a caricature of Rub.[4]
Another voice actor recruited was Mel Blanc, best remembered for voicing many of the characters in Warner Bros. cartoon shorts. Blanc was hired to perform the voice of Gideon the Cat. However, it was eventually decided that Gideon would be mute, so all of Blanc's recorded dialogue was subsequently deleted except for a solitary hiccup, which was heard three times in the finished film.[4]
Animation[edit]
Jiminy Cricket
Stromboli
Animation began in September 1938.[6] During the production of the film, the character model department was headed by Joe Grant,[4] whose department was responsible for the building of three-dimensional clay models of the characters in the film, known as maquettes. These models were then given to the staff to observe how a character should be drawn from any given angle desired by the artists.[4] The model makers also built working models of Geppetto's cuckoo clocks, as well as Stromboli's gypsy wagon and the Coachman's carriage. However, owing to the difficulty animating a realistic moving vehicle, the artists filmed the carriage maquettes on a miniature set using stop motion animation. Then each frame of the animation was transferred onto animation cels using an early version of a Xerox. The cels were then painted on the back and overlaid on top of background images with the cels of the characters to create the completed shot on the rostrum camera.[4][10] Like Snow White, live-action footage was shot for Pinocchio with the actors playing the scenes in pantomime, supervised by Hamilton Luske.[4][10] Rather than tracing, which would result in stiff unnatural movement, the animators used the footage as a guide for animation by studying human movement and then incorporating some poses into the animation (though slightly exaggerated).[4]
Pinocchio was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation. In contrast to the character animators who concentrate on the acting of the characters, effects animators create everything that moves other than the characters. This includes vehicles, machinery and natural effects such as rain, lightning, snow, smoke, shadows and water, as well as the fantasy or science-fiction type effects like Fairy Dust.[4] The influential abstract animator Oskar Fischinger, who mainly worked on Fantasia contributed to the effects animation of the Blue Fairy's wand.[11] Effects animator Sandy Strother kept a diary about his year-long animation of the water effects, which included splashes, ripples, bubbles, waves and the illusion of being underwater. To help give depth to the ocean, the animators put more detail into the waves on the water surface in the foreground, and put in less detail as the surface moved further back. After the animation was traced onto cels, the animators would trace it once more with blue and black pencil leads to give the waves a sculptured look.[4] To save time and money, the splashes were kept impressionistic. These techniques enabled Pinocchio to be one of the first animated films to have highly realistic effects animation. Ollie Johnston remarked "I think that's one of the finest things the studio's ever done, as Frank [Thomas] said, 'The water looks so real a person can drown in it, and they do.'"[4]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Pinocchio (soundtrack)
The songs in Pinocchio were composed by Leigh Harline with lyrics by Ned Washington. Leigh Harline and Paul J. Smith composed the incidental music score.[12] The soundtrack was first released on February 9, 1940.[12] Jiminy Cricket's song, "When You Wish Upon A Star", became a major hit and is still identified with the film, and later as the theme song of The Walt Disney Company itself.[13] The soundtrack won an Academy Award for Best Original Score.[13]
Themes[edit]
Commentator Nicholas Sammond considers Pinocchio to be a metaphor for American child rearing in the mid 20th century
M. Keith Booker considers the film to be the most-down-to-earth of the classic Disney animated films despite its theme song and magic, and notes that the film's protagonist has to work to prove his worth, which he remarked seemed "more in line with the ethos of capitalism" than most of the Disney films.[14] Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh believe that the male protagonists of films like Pinocchio and Bambi (1942) were purposefully constructed by Disney to appeal to both boys and girls.[15] Mark I. Pinksy said that it is "a simple morality tale — cautionary and schematic — ideal for moral instruction, save for some of its darker moments", and noted that the film is a favorite of parents of young children.[16]
Nicolas Sammond argues that the film is "an apt metaphor for the metaphysics of midcentury American child-rearing" and that the film is "ultimately an assimilationist fable".[17] He considered it to be the central Disney film and the most strongly middle class, intended to relay the message that indulging in "the pleasures of the working class, of vaudeville, or of pool halls and amusement parks, led to a life as a beast of burden". For Sammond, the purpose of Pinocchio is to help convey to children the "middle-class virtues of deferred gratification, self-denial, thrift, and perseverance, naturalized as the experience of the most average American".[18]
Reception[edit]
Initial release[edit]
Pinocchio title card
Pinocchio went into release accompanied by generally positive reviews. Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times gave the film five out of five stars, saying "Pinocchio is here at last, is every bit as fine as we had prayed it would be—if not finer—and that it is as gay and clever and delightful a fantasy as any well-behaved youngster or jaded oldster could hope to see."[19] Time gave the film a positive review, saying "In craftsmanship and delicacy of drawing and coloring, in the articulation of its dozens of characters, in the greater variety and depth of its photographic effects, it tops the high standard Snow White set. The charm, humor and loving care with which it treats its inanimate characters puts it in a class by itself."[20] The film won the Academy Awards for Best Original Song and Best Original Score, the first Disney film to win either.[13]
Initially, Pinocchio was not a box-office success.[2] The box office returns from the film's initial release were both below Snow White's unprecedented success and below studio expectations.[21] Of the film's $2.289 million negative cost – twice the cost of Snow White – Disney only recouped $1 million by late 1940, with studio reports of the film's final original box office take varying between $1.4 million and $1.9 million.[22] Animation historian Michael Barrier notes that Pinocchio returned rentals of less than one million by September 1940, and in its first public annual report, Walt Disney Productions charged off a $1 million loss to the film. Barrier relays that a 1947 Pinocchio balance sheet listed total receipts to the studio of $1,423,046.78. This was primarily due to the fact that World War II and its aftermath had cut off the European and Asian markets overseas, and hindered the international success of Pinocchio and other Disney releases during the early and mid-1940s.[23] Joe Grant recalled Walt Disney being "very, very depressed" about Pinocchio's initial returns at the box office.[21] RKO recorded a loss of $94,000 for the film.[24]
Modern acclaim[edit]
Many film historians consider this to be the film that most closely approaches technical perfection of all the Disney animated features.[25] Film critic Leonard Maltin said, "with Pinocchio, Disney reached not only the height of his powers, but the apex of what many critics consider to be the realm of the animated cartoon."[26] Despite its initial struggles at the box office, a series of reissues in the years after World War II proved more successful, and allowed the film to turn a profit. By 1973, the film had earned $13 million from the initial 1940 release and four reissues;[27] further reissues in subsequent years have brought Pinocchio's lifetime gross to $84,254,167 at the box office.[28]
In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[29] Filmmaker Terry Gilliam selected it as one of the ten best animated films of all time in a 2001 article written for The Guardian[30] and in 2005, Time named it one of the 100 best films of the last 80 years, and then in June 2011 named it the best animated movie of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films".[31]
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Pinocchio was acknowledged as the second best film in the animation genre, after Snow White.[32] It was nominated for the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies,[33] and received further nominations for their Thrills[34] and Heroes and Villains (Stromboli) lists.[35] The song "When You Wish Upon A Star" ranked number 7 on their 100 Songs list,[36] and the film ranked 38th in the 100 Cheers list.[37] The quote "A lie keeps growing and growing until it's as plain as the nose on your face" was nominated for the Movie Quotes list,[38] and the film received further nomination in the AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals list.[39]
On Rotten Tomatoes, a website which aggregates film reviews, the film has the website's highest rating of 100%, meaning every single one of the 45 reviews of the film, from contemporaneous reviews to modern re-appraisals, on the site are positive with an average rating of 9.1 out of 10.[40] The general consensus of the film on the site is "Ambitious, adventurous, and sometimes frightening, Pinocchio arguably represents the pinnacle of Disney's collected works - it's beautifully crafted and emotionally resonant."[40]
Reissues and home media[edit]
With the re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1944 came the tradition of re-releasing Disney films every seven to ten years.[41] Pinocchio was theatrically re-released in 1945, 1954, 1962, 1971, 1978, 1984, and 1992. RKO handled the first two reissues in 1945 and 1954, while Disney itself reissued the film from 1962 on through its Buena Vista Distribution division.
In 1985, it was released on VHS in North America for the first time and on UK VHS in 1988 for the first time.[42] The 1992 re-issue was digitally restored by cleaning and removing scratches from the original negatives one frame at a time, eliminating soundtrack distortions, and revitalizing the color.[43]
The more comprehensive digital restoration that was done for the 1992 re-issue was released on VHS in 1993, followed by its fourth VHS release and first release on Disney DVD in 1999.[44] The second Disney DVD release and final issue in the VHS format premiered as part of the Walt Disney Gold Classics Collection VHS/DVD line on March 7, 2000.[45] A special edition VHS and DVD of the film was released in the United Kingdom on March 3, 2003.[46] The fourth DVD release and first Blu-ray Disc release (the second Blu-ray in the Walt Disney Platinum Editions series) was released on March 10, 2009.[47] Like the 2008 Sleeping Beauty Blu-ray release, the Pinocchio Blu-ray package featured a new restoration by Lowry Digital in a two-disc Blu-ray set, with a bonus DVD version of the film also included.[48] This set returned to the Disney Vault on April 30, 2011.[49] A Signature Edition was released on Digital HD on January 10, 2017 and was followed by a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on January 31, 2017.[50][51]
Legacy[edit]
Geppetto and Pinocchio at Magic Kingdom
Pinocchio's village, Disneyland
In 1987, Filmation released a "thinly-veiled" animated sequel to Pinocchio, entitled Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night. Set a year after Pinocchio became a real boy, the movie received mainly negative reviews from critics and was a commercial failure. Disney sued Filmation for copyright infringement, but Filmation won the lawsuit on the grounds that Collodi's work is in the public domain.[52]
Many of Pinocchio's characters are meetable characters at Disney parks.[53] Pinocchio's Daring Journey is a popular ride at the original Disneyland,[53] Tokyo Disneyland,[54] and Disneyland Park in Paris.[55] Pinocchio Village Haus is a quick service restaurant at Walt Disney World that serves pizza and macaroni and cheese.[56] There are similar quick-service restaurants at the Disneyland parks in Anaheim and Paris as well, with almost identical names.[56]
Disney on Ice starring Pinocchio, toured internationally from 1987 to 1992.[57] A shorter version of the story is also presented in the current Disney on Ice production "One Hundred Years Of Magic".[57]
Aside from the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Game Boy, and SNES games based on the animated film, Geppetto and Pinocchio also appear as characters in the game Kingdom Hearts.[58] The inside of Monstro is also featured as one of the worlds.[59] Jiminy Cricket appears as well, acting as a recorder, keeping a journal of the game's progress in Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, and, Kingdom Hearts II.[59] Pinocchio's home world was slated to appear in Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days, but was omitted due to time restrictions, although talk-sprites of Pinocchio, Geppetto, Honest John and Gideon have been revealed.[60] As compensation, this world appears in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance, under the name "Prankster's Paradise", with Dream world versions of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, Geppetto, Cleo, Monstro and the Blue Fairy appearing.[60]
Cancelled sequel[edit]
In the mid-2000s, DisneyToon Studios began development on a sequel to Pinocchio. Robert Reece co-wrote the film's screenplay, which saw Pinocchio on a "strange journey" for the sake of something dear to him. "It's a story that leads Pinocchio to question why life appears unfair sometimes," said Reece.[61] John Lasseter cancelled Pinocchio II soon after being named Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006.[62]
Live-action film[edit]
On April 8, 2015, Deadline reported that Disney is developing a live action film based on the animated Pinocchio, with Peter Hedges penning the script.[63] As of May 2017, Sam Mendes is in talks to direct the movie from Chris Weitz's script.[64]
See also[edit]
List of Disney animated features
List of animated feature-length films
List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Gabler 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barrier, Michael, 1999, Hollywood Cartoons, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom
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^ Jump up to: a b Barrier, Michael, 1999, Hollywood Cartoons, Oxford University, United Kingdom
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^ Jump up to: a b "Pinocchio [RCA] - Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Roberts 2006, p. 134.
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Jump up ^ Nugent, Frank S. (February 8, 1940). "Movie Review - Pinocchio - The Screen in Review; 'Pinocchio,' Walt Disney's Long-Awaited Successor to 'Snow White,' Has Its Premiere at the Center Theatre-Other New Films". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ iPad iPhone Android TIME TV Populist The Page (February 26, 1940). "Cinema: The New Pictures". Time. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Pinocchio - Disney Movies History". Web.archive.org. August 4, 2003. Archived from the original on August 4, 2003. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard (1973). "Pinocchio". In Leonard Maltin (Ed.), The Disney Book, p. 37. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc.
Jump up ^ Wasko 2001, p. 137.
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Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (June 21, 2011). "Pinocchio | The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films". Time. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 10 Top 10". American Film Institute. June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
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Jump up ^ "400 Nominees for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills". Listology. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI'S 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains" (PDF). American Film Institute. June 20, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS". American Film Institute. June 22, 2004. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI'S 100 Years... 100 Cheers" (PDF). American Film Institute. June 20, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI'S 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. June 20, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS". American Film Institute. September 3, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pinocchio (1940)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pinocchio (1940) - Release Summary". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney Releases 'Pinocchio' Video". Chicago Tribune. July 12, 1985. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Stephen (June 25, 1992). "'Pinocchio' returns The restored print looks better than the original". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pinocchio (Gold Classic Collection) [VHS]: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc, Don Brodie, Walter Catlett, Marion Darlington, Frankie Darro, Cliff Edwards, Charles Judels, Patricia Page, Evelyn Venable, Ben Sharpsteen, Bill Roberts, Hamilton Luske, Jack Kinney, Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Aurelius Battaglia, Bill Peet: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pinocchio DVD". Blu-ray.com. October 26, 1999. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
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Jump up ^ "Pinocchio: 70th Anniversary - Platinum Edition (DVD 1940)". DVD Empire. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pinocchio | Disney Movies". Disneydvd.disney.go.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ JeniLynn Knopp (November 19, 2016). "D23: Pinocchio is joining the Walt Disney Signature Collection on January 10". Insidethemagic.net. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Oh My Disney Contributor (November 19, 2016). "BREAKING: PINOCCHIO TO JOIN THE WALT DISNEY SIGNATURE COLLECTION". Ohmy.disney.com. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Beck 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pinocchio's Daring Journey | Rides & Attractions | Disneyland Park | Disneyland Resort". Disneyland.disney.go.com. May 25, 1983. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tokyo Disney Resort". Tokyodisneyresort.co.jp. Archived from the original on August 19, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disneyland Paris Rides | Les Voyages de Pinocchio". Parks.disneylandparis.co.uk. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pinocchio Village Haus | Walt Disney World Resort". Disneyworld.disney.go.com. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Blankenship, Bill (December 1, 2013). "Disney on Ice brings back '100 Years of Magic' to Expocentre". CJOnline.com. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Disney's Pinocchio (Mega Drive): Amazon.co.uk: PC & Video Games". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jiminy Cricket - Kingdom Hearts 3D Wiki Guide". IGN. July 31, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prankster's Paradise (Riku) - Kingdom Hearts 3D Wiki Guide". IGN. July 31, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Josh (April 22, 2013). "From Snow Queen to Pinocchio II: Robert Reece's animated adventures in screenwriting". Animated Views. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "DisneyToon Studios to be Restructured and Will Operate as a Separate Unit Within Walt Disney Animation Studios" (Press release). Walt Disney Studios. June 22, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr., Mike (April 8, 2015). "'Pinocchio'-Inspired Live-Action Pic In The Works At Disney". Deadline.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (May 22, 2017). "Sam Mendes In Early Talks To Direct Disney’s Live-Action 'Pinocchio'". Deadline.
Bibliography[edit]
Barrier, Michael (April 8, 1999). Hollywood Cartoons : American Animation in Its Golden Age: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802079-0.
Beck, Jerry (October 1, 2005). The Animated Movie Guide. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-56976-222-6.
Booker, M. Keith (2010). Disney, Pixar, and the Hidden Messages of Children's Films. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-37672-6.
Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4.
Honeyman, Susan (April 15, 2013). Consuming Agency in Fairy Tales, Childlore, and Folkliterature. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60395-2.
Jewell, Richard B.; Harbin, Vernon (1982). The RKO Story. Arlington House.
Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (2008). Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-33909-7.
Moritz, William (2004). Optical Poetry: The Life and Work of Oskar Fischinger. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34348-8.
Pinsky, Mark I. (2004). "4". The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-23467-6.
Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles and Albums. Guinness World Records Limited. ISBN 978-1-904994-10-7.
Thomas, Bob (January 1994). Walt Disney: An American Original. San Val, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-7857-5515-9.
Wasko, Janet (June 7, 2013). Understanding Disney: The Manufacture of Fantasy. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-7456-6904-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pinocchio (1940 film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pinocchio (1940 film)
Official website
Pinocchio at AllMovie
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Characters
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Films
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1936)
Pinocchio (1940)
Pinocchio in Outer Space (1965)
Pinocchio (1968)
Pinocchio (1972)
The Adventures of Buratino (1976)
Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night (1987)
Pinocchio (1992)
Pinocchio's Revenge (1996)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996)
The New Adventures of Pinocchio (1999)
Geppetto (2000)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
A Tree of Palme (2002)
Pinocchio (2002)
Pinocchio 3000 (2004)
Hinokio (2005)
Pistachio – The Little Boy That Woodn't (2010)
Pinocchio (2012)
Television
Pinocchio (1957 TV musical)
The New Adventures of Pinocchio (1960)
Pinocchio: The Series (1972 anime series)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 miniseries)
Piccolino no Bōken (1976)
Pinocchio's Christmas (1980)
Pinocchio (2008 TV film)
Once Upon a Time (2011–present)
Pinocchio (2014 TV series)
Other media
The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino (novel)
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Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
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Alice in Wonderland (1951)
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Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
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Live-action films
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The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1948)
Mary Poppins (1964)
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Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
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The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Aristocats (1970)
Robin Hood (1973)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Rescuers (1977)
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The Black Cauldron (1985)
The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
Oliver & Company (1988)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Aladdin (1992)
The Lion King (1994)
Pocahontas (1995)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
Fantasia 2000 (1999)
Dinosaur (2000)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Lilo & Stitch (2002)
Treasure Planet (2002)
Brother Bear (2003)
Home on the Range (2004)
Chicken Little (2005)
Meet the Robinsons (2007)
Bolt (2008)
The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Tangled (2010)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
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Big Hero 6 (2014)
Zootopia (2016)
Moana (2016)
Upcoming films
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Frozen 2 (2019)
Associated productions
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1949)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Enchanted (2007)
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So Dear to My Heart (1948)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
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One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
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Fantasia (1940)
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Ikorodu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ikorodu
Municipality
Ikorodu Local Government Area

Ikorodu Shown within the State of Lagos
Ikorodu
Ikorodu Shown within the State of Lagos
Coordinates: 6°36′N 3°30′E / 6.600°N 3.500°E / 6.600; 3.500
Country
Nigeria
State
Lagos State
LGA(s)
Ikorodu
Government
• LGA Chairman
Ogunleye Gbolahan
Area
• Land
345 km2 (133 sq mi)
Population (2006)
• Total
535,619
Time zone
WAT (UTC+1)
Ikorodu is a city in north-east Lagos State, Nigeria.[1] It is located along the Lagos Lagoon and shares a boundary with Ogun State. At the 2006 census the population was 535,619.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography and economy
2 Religion
3 Education
4 References
5 External links
Geography and economy[edit]
Situated approximately 36 km north of Lagos, Ikorodu is bounded to the south by the Lagos Lagoon, to the north by a boundary with Ogun State, and to the east by a boundary with Agbowa-Ikosi, a town in Epe Division of Lagos State. The town has grown significantly in the past 40 years and is divided into sixteen or seventeen "Ituns" or minor areas. The main industries in the town are trading, farming and manufacturing.
Nearby major towns include Imota, Isiu, Liadi,Ijede, Igbogbo and Bayeku, all of which constitute their own Local Council Development Area with their own traditional rulers (Obas). Together these areas make up Ikorodu Division. Ikorodu Division has a large industrial area containing several factories. The town of Ikorodu itself is home to branches of several established Nigerian banks.
Ikorodu is the fastest growing part-exurb of Lagos metropolis, owing in part to increasing influx of people from Ikorodu's surrounding towns and villages attracted by the town's proximity to Lagos.
In 2003, the existing Ikorodu LGAs was split for administrative purposes into Local Council Development Areas. These lower-tier administrative units now number 6: Imota, Igbogbo/Bayeku, Ijede, Ikorodu North, Ikorodu West, Ikorodu.[3]
Religion[edit]
Inhabitants of Ikorodu include adherents to several religions, including Christianity and Islam.Traditional
Education[edit]
Within greater Ikorodu there are 57 public primary schools and 12 secondary schools. There are also several private nurseries, primary and secondary schools, and one tertiary institution.
Local secondary schools include:
Royal Le Hope International School
Difas Schools Odogunyan
De-Young Comprehensive College, Aga
Government College Ikorodu
Ipakodo Grammar School
Shams-El Deen Grammar School
Ikorodu High School
De-Multilaurel comprehensive college
Seatos Schools, Ikorodu
Government Technical College
Oriwu Senior Model College
Lagos State Civil Service Model College, Igbogbo
Goodwill Secondary School
Goshen International School
United High School
Oreyo Senior Grammar School
Elepe Senior High School
Yewa Grammar School, Aga-Ikorodu
Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu
Stars International College, Ikorodu
The saints international school Isawo ikorodu
Caleb University is a private university located in the Imota area of the town.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NigeriaCongress.org". Archived from the original on 2004-01-09. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
Jump up ^ "The World Gazetteer". Archived from the original on 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
3.^ http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagemenus.php?p=60&k=32
External links[edit]
Ikorodu Local Government
[hide]
v
t
e
Lagos State
State capital: Ikeja
Cities
Eko Atlantic
Ikorodu
Ikeja
Lagos
Lekki
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Epe
Ojo
LGAs
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Ajeromi-Ifelodun
Alimosho
Amuwo-Odofin
Apapa
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Eti-Osa
Ibeju-Lekki
Ifako-Ijaiye
Ikeja
Ikorodu
Kosofe
Lagos Island
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Ojo
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5th
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Lagos State Civil Service
Head of Service
City Hall, Lagos
Lagos State Police Command
Oba of Lagos
Coordinates: 6°36′N 3°30′E / 6.600°N 3.500°E / 6.600; 3.500
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikorodu&oldid=816195113"
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Ikorodu
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