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List of cities in India by population
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This article is about Cities (Towns with Class-I status or population with 100,000 and above). For Towns under 1 lakh population, see List of towns in India by population.
The following tables are the list of cities in India by population. Often cities are bifurcated into multiple regions (municipalities) which results in creation of cities within cities which may figure in the list. The entire work of this article is based on Census of India, 2011, conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Government of India.
Contents
1 Map
2 List
2.1 1 to 25
2.2 26 to 50
2.3 51 to 75
2.4 76 to 100
2.5 100 to 125
2.6 126 to 150
2.7 151 to 175
2.8 176 to 200
2.9 201 to 225
2.10 226 to 250
2.11 251 to 275
2.12 277 to 300
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Map
Location of Indian Cities. Hover over the dot to see the city name with rank in parentheses.
List
The list includes the cities and not urban agglomerations.
Definitions:[1]
Towns/Cities with populations of 1 lakh (100,000) are categorized as Class-I towns or Cities[1][2]
The 46 cities with populations of 1 million and above are known as Million Plus UAs or Cities
The 3 cities with populations of 10 million and above are known as Mega Cities (The census defines the three as Greater Mumbai UA (18.4 million), Delhi UA (16.3 million) and Kolkata UA (14.1 million)[1])
The cities listed in bold are the capitals of the respective state / union territory.
1 to 25
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
Ref
1 Mumbai 12,442,373 11,978,450 Maharashtra [4]
2 Delhi 11,034,555 9,879,172 Delhi [5]
3 Bangalore 8,443,675 4,301,326 Karnataka [6]
4 Hyderabad 6,993,262 3,637,483 Telangana [7]
5 Ahmedabad 5,577,940 3,520,085 Gujarat [8]
6 Chennai 4,646,732 4,343,645 Tamil Nadu [9] [10]
7 Kolkata 4,496,694 4,572,876 West Bengal [11]
8 Surat 4,467,797 2,433,835 Gujarat [8]
9 Pune 3,124,458 2,538,473 Maharashtra [12]
10 Jaipur 3,046,163 2,322,575 Rajasthan [13]
11 Lucknow 2,817,105 2,185,927 Uttar Pradesh [14]
12 Kanpur 2,765,348 2,551,337 Uttar Pradesh [15]
13 Nagpur 2,405,665 2,052,066 Maharashtra [16]
14 Visakhapatnam[a] 2,035,922 982,904 Andhra Pradesh [18]
15 Indore 1,960,631 1,474,968 Madhya Pradesh
16 Thane 1,818,872 1,262,551 Maharashtra
17 Bhopal 1,798,218 1,437,354 Madhya Pradesh
18 Pimpri-Chinchwad 1,729,359 1,012,472 Maharashtra
19 Patna 1,683,200 1,366,444 Bihar
20 Vadodara 1,666,703 1,306,227 Gujarat
21 Ghaziabad 1,636,068 968,256 Uttar Pradesh
22 Ludhiana 1,613,878 1,398,467 Punjab
23 Coimbatore[19] 1,601,438 930,882 Tamil Nadu
24 Agra 1,585,704 1,275,134 Uttar Pradesh
25 Madurai[20] 1,561,129 928,869 Tamil Nadu
26 to 50
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
26 Nashik 1,486,973 1,077,236 Maharashtra
27 Faridabad 1,404,653 1,055,938 Haryana
28 Meerut 1,309,023 1,039,405 Uttar Pradesh
29 Rajkot 1,286,995 967,476 Gujarat
30 Kalyan-Dombivali 1,246,381 1,193,512 Maharashtra
31 Vasai-Virar 1,221,233 693,350 Maharashtra
32 Varanasi 1,201,815 1,091,918 Uttar Pradesh
33 Srinagar 1,192,792 898,440 Jammu and Kashmir
34 Aurangabad 1,171,330 873,311 Maharashtra
35 Dhanbad 1,161,561 1,065,327 Jharkhand
36 Amritsar 1,132,761 966,862 Punjab
37 Navi Mumbai 1,119,477 704,002 Maharashtra
38 Allahabad 1,117,094 975,393 Uttar Pradesh
39 Ranchi 1,073,440 847,093 Jharkhand
40 Howrah (city area) 1,072,161 1,007,532 West Bengal
41 Jabalpur 1,054,336 932,484 Madhya Pradesh
42 Gwalior 1,053,505 827,026 Madhya Pradesh
43 Vijayawada 1,034,358 851,282 Andhra Pradesh[21]
44 Jodhpur 1,033,918 851,051 Rajasthan
45 Raipur 1,010,087 605,747 Chhattisgarh
46 Kota[22] 1,001,694 694,316 Rajasthan
47 Guwahati 963,429 809,895 Assam
48 Chandigarh 960,787 808,515 Chandigarh
49 Solapur 951,118 872,478 Maharashtra
50 Hubballi-Dharwad 943,857 786,195 Karnataka
51 to 75
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
51 Tiruchirappalli[23] 916,674 752,066 Tamil Nadu
52 Bareilly 898,167 718,395 Uttar Pradesh
53 Mysore 887,446 755,379 Karnataka
54 Tiruppur 877,778 644,543 Tamilnadu
55 Gurgaon 876,824 173,542 Haryana
56 Aligarh 872,575 669,087 Uttar Pradesh
57 Jalandhar 862,196 706,043 Punjab
58 Bhubaneswar 837,737 648,032 Odisha
59 Salem 831,038 696,760 Tamil Nadu
60 Mira-Bhayandar 814,655 520,388 Maharashtra
61 Warangal[24] 811,844 530,636 Telangana
62 Thiruvananthapuram 752,490 744,983 Kerala
63 Guntur[25] 743,354 514,461 Andhra Pradesh
64 Bhiwandi 711,329 598,741 Maharashtra
65 Saharanpur 703,345 455,754 Uttar Pradesh
66 Gorakhpur 671,048 622,701 Uttar Pradesh
67 Bikaner 647,804 529,690 Rajasthan
68 Amravati 646,801 549,510 Maharashtra
69 Noida 642,381 305,058 Uttar Pradesh
70 Jamshedpur 631,364 573,096 Jharkhand
71 Bhilai 625,697 556,366 Chhattisgarh
72 Cuttack 606,007 534,654 Odisha
73 Firozabad 603,797 279,102 Uttar Pradesh
74 Kochi 601,574 596,473 Kerala
76 to 100
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
75 Nellore[26] 600,869 378,428 Andhra Pradesh
76 Bhavnagar 593,768 511,085 Gujarat
77 Dehradun 578,420 426,674 Uttarakhand
78 Durgapur 566,937 493,405 West Bengal
79 Asansol 564,491 475,439 West Bengal
80 Rourkela 552,734 426,354 Odisha
81 Nanded 550,564 430,733 Maharashtra
82 Kolhapur 549,283 493,167 Maharashtra
83 Ajmer 542,580 485,575 Rajasthan
84 Akola 537,149 400,520 Maharashtra
85 Gulbarga 532,031 422,569 Karnataka
86 Jamnagar 529,308 443,518 Gujarat
87 Ujjain 515,215 430,427 Madhya Pradesh
88 Loni 512,296 120,945 Uttar Pradesh
89 Siliguri 509,709 472,374 West Bengal
90 Jhansi 507,293 383,644 Uttar Pradesh
91 Ulhasnagar 506,937 473,731 Maharashtra
92 Jammu[27] 503,690 369,959 Jammu and Kashmir
93 Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad 502,697 436,781 Maharashtra
94 Mangalore 499,486 399,565 Karnataka
95 Erode[28] 498,129 173,600 Tamil Nadu
96 Belgaum 488,292 399,653 Karnataka
97 Ambattur 478,134 310,967 Tamil Nadu
98 Tirunelveli 473,637 411,831 Tamil Nadu
99 Malegaon 471,006 409,403 Maharashtra
100 to 125
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
101 Gaya 463,454 385,432 Bihar
102 Jalgaon 460,468 368,618 Maharashtra
103 Udaipur 451,735 389,438 Rajasthan
104 Maheshtala 449,423 385,266 West Bengal
105 Davanagere 435,128 364,523 Karnataka
106 Kozhikode 432,097 436,556 Kerala
107 Kurnool 430,214 269,122 Andhra Pradesh
108 Rajpur Sonarpur 423,806 336,707 West Bengal
109 Rajahmundry[29][30] 419,818 315,251 Andhra Pradesh
110 Bokaro 413,934 393,805 Jharkhand
111 South Dumdum 410,524 392,444 West Bengal
112 Bellary 409,644 316,766 Karnataka
113 Patiala 405,164 303,151 Punjab
114 Gopalpur 404,991 271,811 West Bengal
115 Agartala 399,688 271,811 Tripura
116 Bhagalpur 398,138 340,767 Bihar
117 Muzaffarnagar 392,451 316,729 Uttar Pradesh
118 Bhatpara 390,467 442,385 West Bengal
119 Panihati 383,522 348,438 West Bengal
120 Latur 382,754 299,985 Maharashtra
121 Dhule 376,093 341,755 Maharashtra
122 Tirupati[31] 374,260 228,202 Andhra Pradesh
123 Rohtak 373,133 286,807 Haryana
124 Korba 363,210 315,690 Chhattisgarh
125 Bhilwara 360,009 280,128 Rajasthan
126 to 150
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
126 Berhampur 355,823 307,792 Odisha
127 Muzaffarpur 351,838 305,525 Bihar
128 Ahmednagar 350,905 307,615 Maharashtra
129 Mathura 349,336 302,770 Uttar Pradesh
130 Kollam 349,033 361,560 Kerala
131 Avadi 344,701 229,403 Tamil Nadu
132 Kadapa 343,054 125,725 Andhra Pradesh
133 Kamarhati 336,579 314,507 West Bengal
134 Sambalpur 335,761 296,662 Odisha
135 Bilaspur 330,106 274,917 Chhattisgarh
136 Shahjahanpur 327,975 296,662 Uttar Pradesh
137 Satara 326,789 228,175 Maharashtra
138 Bijapur 326,360 228,175 Karnataka
139 Rampur 325,248 281,494 Uttar Pradesh
140 Shivamogga 322,428 274,352 Karnataka
141 Chandrapur 321,036 289,450 Maharashtra
142 Junagadh 320,250 168,686 Gujarat
143 Thrissur 315,596 317,526 Kerala
144 Alwar 315,310 260,593 Rajasthan
145 Bardhaman 314,638 285,602 West Bengal
146 Kulti 313,977 289,903 West Bengal
147 Kakinada 325,985 296,329 Andhra Pradesh
148 Nizamabad 310,467 288,722 Telangana
149 Parbhani 307,191 259,329 Maharashtra
150 Tumkur 305,821 248,929 Karnataka
151 to 175
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
151 Khammam 305,000 218,689 Telangana
152 Ozhukarai 300,028 217,707 Puducherry
153 Bihar Sharif 296,889 232,071 Bihar
154 Panipat 294,150 261,740 Haryana
155 Darbhanga 294,116 267,348 Bihar
156 Bally 291,972 260,906 West Bengal
157 Aizawl 291,822 228,280 Mizoram
158 Dewas 289,438 231,672 Madhya Pradesh
159 Ichalkaranji 287,570 257,610 Maharashtra
160 Karnal 286,974 210,476 Haryana
161 Bathinda 285,813 217,256 Punjab
162 Jalna 285,349 235,795 Maharashtra
163 Eluru 283,648[32] 190,347 Andhra Pradesh
164 Kirari Suleman Nagar 282,598 153,874 Delhi
165 Barasat 283,443 231,515 West Bengal
166 Purnia 280,547 171,687[33] Bihar
167 Satna 280,248 225,464 Madhya Pradesh
168 Mau 279,060 212,657 Uttar Pradesh
169 Sonipat 277,053 214,974 Haryana
170 Farrukhabad 275,750 228,333 Uttar Pradesh
171 Sagar 273,357 232,133 Madhya Pradesh
172 Rourkela 273,217 224,601 Odisha
173 Durg 268,679 232,517 Chhattisgarh
174 Imphal 264,986 221,492 Manipur
175 Ratlam 264,810 222,202 Madhya Pradesh
176 to 200
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3][34]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
176 Hapur 262,801 211,983 Uttar Pradesh
177 Arrah 261,099 203,380 Bihar
178 Karimnagar 260,899 205,653 Telangana
179 Anantapur 261,004 218,808 Andhra Pradesh
180 Etawah 256,838 210,453 Uttar Pradesh
181 Ambernath 254,003 203,795 Maharashtra
182 North Dumdum 253,625 220,042 West Bengal
183 Bharatpur 252,109 204,587 Rajasthan
184 Begusarai 251,136 93,378 Bihar
185 New Delhi 249,998 302,147 Delhi
186 Gandhidham 248,705 166,388 Gujarat
187 Baranagar 248,466 250,768 West Bengal
188 Tiruvottiyur 248,059 212,281 Tamil Nadu
189 Pondicherry 241,773 220,749 Puducherry
190 Sikar 237,579 184,904 Rajasthan
191 Thoothukudi 237,374 216,058 Tamil Nadu
192 Rewa 235,422 183,274 Madhya Pradesh
193 Mirzapur 233,691 205,053 Uttar Pradesh
194 Raichur 232,456 207,421 Karnataka
195 Pali 229,956 187,641 Rajasthan
196 Ramagundam[35] 229,644 236,600 Telangana
197 Haridwar 228,832 175,010 Uttarakhand
198 Vijayanagaram 228,025 174,324 Andhra Pradesh
199 Katihar 225,982 175,169 Bihar
200 Nagercoil 224,849 208,179 Tamil Nadu
201 to 225
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3][34]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
201 Sri Ganganagar 224,773 210,713 Rajasthan
202 Karawal Nagar 224,666 148,549 Delhi
203 Mango 223,805 166,125 Jharkhand
204 Thanjavur 222,943 215,314 Tamil Nadu
205 Bulandshahr 222,519 176,425 Uttar Pradesh
206 Uluberia 222,240 202,135 West Bengal
207 Murwara 221,883 187,029 Uttar Pradesh
208 Sambhal 220,813 182,478 Uttar Pradesh
209 Singrauli 220,257 185,190 Madhya Pradesh
210 Nadiad 218,095 192,913 Gujarat
211 Secunderabad 217,910 206,102 Telangana
212 Naihati 217,900 215,303 West Bengal
213 Yamunanagar 216,677 189,696 Haryana
214 Bidhan Nagar 215,514 164,221 West Bengal
215 Pallavaram 215,417 144,623 Tamil Nadu
216 Bidar 214,373 172,877 Karnataka
217 Munger 213,303 188,050 Bihar
218 Panchkula 211,355 140,925 Haryana
219 Burhanpur 210,886 193,725 Madhya Pradesh
220 Raurkela Industrial Township 210,317 206,693 Odisha
221 Kharagpur 207,604 188,761 West Bengal
222 Dindigul 207,327 196,955 Tamil Nadu
223 Gandhinagar 206,167 195,985 Gujarat
224 Hospet 206,167 164,240 Karnataka
225 Nangloi Jat 205,596 150,948 Delhi
226 to 250
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3][34]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
226 English Bazar 205,521 161,456 West Bengal
227 Ongole 204,746 150,471 Andhra Pradesh
228 Deoghar 203,123 112,525 Jharkhand
229 Chapra 202,352 79,190 Bihar
230 Haldia 200,827 170,673 West Bengal
231 Khandwa 200,738 172,242 Madhya Pradesh
232 Nandyal 200,516 152,676 Andhra Pradesh
233 Chittoor[36] 189,332 152,654 Andhra Pradesh
234 Morena 200,482 150,959 Madhya Pradesh
235 Amroha 198,471 165,129 Uttar Pradesh
236 Anand 198,282 130,685 Gujarat
237 Bhind 197,585 153,752 Madhya Pradesh
238 Bhalswa Jahangir Pur 197,148 152,339 Delhi
239 Madhyamgram 196,127 155,451 West Bengal
240 Bhiwani 196,057 169,531 Haryana
241 Navi Mumbai Panvel Raigad 195,373 Maharashtra
242 Baharampur 195,223 160,143 West Bengal
243 Ambala 195,153 139,279 Haryana
244 Morvi 194,947 145,719 Gujarat
245 Fatehpur 193,193 151,757 Uttar Pradesh
246 Rae Bareli 191,316 169,333 Uttar Pradesh
247 Khora 190,005 Uttar Pradesh
248 Bhusawal 187,421 172,372 Maharashtra
249 Orai 187,137 139,318 Uttar Pradesh
250 Bahraich 186,223 168,323 Uttar Pradesh
251 to 275
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3][34]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
251 Vellore 185,803 177,230 Tamil Nadu
252 Mahesana 184,991 141,453 Gujarat
253 Sambalpur 184,000 153,643 Orissa
254 Raiganj 183,612 165,212 West Bengal
255 Sirsa 182,534 160,735 Haryana
256 Danapur 182,429 131,176 Bihar
257 Serampore 181,842 197,857 West Bengal
258 Sultan Pur Majra 181,554 164,426 Delhi
259 Guna 180,935 137,175 Madhya Pradesh
260 Jaunpur 180,362 160,055 Uttar Pradesh
261 Panvel 180,020 104,058 Maharashtra
262 Shivpuri 179,977 146,892 Madhya Pradesh
263 Surendranagar Dudhrej 177,851 156,161 Gujarat
264 Unnao 177,658 144,662 Uttar Pradesh
265 Hugli and Chinsurah 177,259 170,201 West Bengal
266 Alappuzha 174,164 177,029 Kerala
267 Kottayam 172,878 129,894 Kerala
268 Machilipatnam 169,892 179,353 Andhra Pradesh
269 Shimla 169,578 142,555 Himachal Pradesh
270 Adoni 166,537 Andhra Pradesh
271 Udupi 165,401 Karnataka
272 Tenali 164,937 Andhra Pradesh
273 Proddatur 162,717 Andhra Pradesh
274 Saharsa 155,175 125,167[37] Bihar
275 Hindupur 151,835 Andhra Pradesh
276 Sasaram 147,396 131,172[38] Bihar
277 to 300
Rank
City
Population
(2011)[3][34]
Population
(2001)
State or union territory
277 Hajipur 147,126 119,412[39] Bihar
278 Bhimavaram 142,280 ― Andhra Pradesh
279 Dehri 137,068 119,057[38] Bihar
280 Madanapalle 135,669 ― Andhra Pradesh
281 Siwan 134,458 109,919[40] Bihar
282 Bettiah 132,896 116,670[41] Bihar
283 Guntakal 126,270 ― Andhra Pradesh
284 Srikakulam 125,939 ― Andhra Pradesh
285 Motihari 125,183 100,683[42] Bihar
286 Dharmavaram 121,874 ― Andhra Pradesh
287 Gudivada 118,167 ― Andhra Pradesh
288 Narasaraopet 116,250 ― Andhra Pradesh
289 Suryapet 115,250 94,585 Telangana
290 Bagaha 113,012 91,467[41] Bihar
291 Tadipatri 108,171 ― Andhra Pradesh
292 Kishanganj 107,076 85,590[43] Bihar
293 Karaikudi 106,714 86,596 Tamil Nadu
294 Miryalaguda 109,891 91,395 Telangana
295 Jamalpur 105,221 96,983[44] Bihar
296 Kavali 104,000 ― Andhra Pradesh
297 Tadepalligudem 103,906 ― Andhra Pradesh
298 Amaravati 103,000 ― Andhra Pradesh
299 Buxar 102,591 83,168[45] Bihar
300 Jehanabad 102,456 81,503[46] Bihar
301 Aurangabad 101,520 79,393[47] Bihar
302 Gangtok[48] 100,286 29,354 Sikkim
See also
List of million-plus agglomerations in India
List of metropolitan areas in India
List of states and union territories of India by population
Notes
Jump up ^ Anakapalle, Bheemunipatnam municipalities and 10 gram panchayats of Parawada were merged into Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation.[17]
References
^ Jump up to: a b c "Provisional Population Totals Urban Agglomerations and Cities" (PDF). Census of India 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "City definition by census India". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 17 June 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Officeial census website". Cenesus2011.co.in. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Karnataka (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Official 2011 Census HYD - www.census2011.co.in". Cenesus2011.co.in. Retrieved 3 Jan 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gujarat (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Official Census 2011 - www.census2011.co.in". Census2011.co.in. Retrieved 3 Jan 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chennai City Population Census 2011 - Tamil Nadu". www.census2011.co.in.
Jump up ^ "District Census Handbook - Kolkata" (PDF). Census2011.co.in. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. p. 36. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "District Census Handbook - Pune" (PDF). Census2011.co.in. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. p. 28. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "District Census Handbook - Lucknow" (PDF). Census2011.co.in. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. p. 28. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Uttar Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "District Census Handbook - Nagpur" (PDF). Census2011.co.in. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner. p. 28. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Reporter, Staff. "CM okays merger of Anakapalle and Bhimili with GVMC". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Smart City Challenge-Coimbatore". Government of India. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Smart City Challenge-Coimbatore". Government of India. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Vijayawada Population 2011 Census". Census2011.co.in. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kota Municipal Corporation". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Sanitary works in 18 Tiruchi wards to be outsourced". The Hindu. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Warangal Municipal Corporation, Budget 2014–15" (PDF). Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Guntur city population is 7,43,354 as per 2011 Census". The Hindu. Guntur. 26 May 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project" (PDF). Swachha Andhra Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 20/4. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Annual congregation prepared in Jammu, winter capital of Indian-controlled Kashmir - Xinhua - English.news.cn".
Jump up ^ "Smart City Challenge-Erode". Government of India. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "22 villages may be included in Rajahmundry soon". The New Indian Express. Rajahmundry. 11 February 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation Enlarged with 21 Gram Panchayats". Tgnns.com. Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration, Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "City profile". Tirupati Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Eluru Municipal Corporation". Elurucorporation.org. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Purnia (District, Bihar, India) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cities in India with population more than 100,000". Census2011. Retrieved 2016-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Ramagundam Municipal Corporation". Ramagundam Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Introduction". chittoormunicipalcorporation. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Saharsa". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rohtas". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Vaishali". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Siwan". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Paschim Champaran". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Purba Champaran". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kishanganj". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Munger". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Buxar". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jehanabad". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aurangabad". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gangtok City Population Census 2011 - Sikkim". www.census2011.co.in.
External links
Indian Census Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
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Yellow-headed amazon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Yellow-headed amazon
At Vancouver Aquarium
Conservation status

Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Amazona
Species: A. oratrix
Binomial name
Amazona oratrix
(Ridgway, 1887)
Synonyms
Amazona ochrocephala oratrix
The yellow-headed amazon (Amazona oratrix), also known as the yellow-headed parrot and double yellow-headed amazon, is an endangered amazon parrot of Mexico and northern Central America. Measuring 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) in length, it is a stocky short-tailed green parrot with a yellow head. It prefers to live in mangrove forests or forests near rivers or other bodies of water. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the yellow-crowned amazon. It is a popular pet and an excellent talker.
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 Description
3 Distribution and habitat
4 Conservation status
5 As pets
6 References
7 External links
Taxonomy[edit]
Tres Marías amazon at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park, United States
This species is part of the Amazona ochrocephala complex, which also includes the yellow-naped amazon (A. auropalliata). This complex, "a taxonomic headache",[2] is considered a single species by some authorities and split into three species by others. The split is mainly based on the amount of yellow in the plumage, the color of the legs and bill, the proximity of A. oratrix and A. auropalliata in Oaxaca, Mexico, without apparent interbreeding,[3] and the presence of both A. ochrocephala and A. auropalliata in northern Honduras.[4] This evaluation has, however, been confused by misunderstandings regarding the plumage variations in the populations in northern Honduras, where birds vary greatly in amount of yellow on the head, crown and nape, but have pale bills and a juvenile plumage matching A. oratrix, but neither A. ochrocephala nor A. auropalliata.[2][5] In 1997, the population from the Sula Valley in northern Honduras was described as a new subspecies, hondurensis, of A. oratrix.[6] A. auropalliata caribaea on the Islas de la Bahía, which is relatively close to the recently described A. oratrix hondurensis, may have a relatively pale lower mandible, indicating that gene flow may occur between the two.[7] If confirmed, this could suggest that the two are better considered conspecific. Alternatively, it has been suggested that caribaea and parvipes, both typically considered subspecies of A. auropalliata, may be closer to A. oratrix than they are to the nominate A. auropalliata. Both are relatively small and have red on the shoulder like A. oratrix, but unlike nominate A. auropalliata.[2][5] The members of this complex are known to hybridize in captivity,[2] and recent phylogenetic analysis of DNA did not support the split into the three "traditional" biological species, but did reveal three clades, which potentially could be split into three phylogenetic species: a Mexican and Central American species (including panamensis, which extends slightly into South America), a species of northern South America, and a species from the southern Amazon Basin. The Central American clade can potentially be split further, with panamensis (Panama amazon) and tresmariae (Tres Marías amazon) recognized as two monotypic species.[8][9][10]
According to the traditional split, A. oratrix includes the taxa tresmariae (from Tres Marías Islands), belizensis (from Belize) and hondurensis (from Sula Valley, Honduras) as subspecies.[11] An additional subspecies, magna, has sometimes been recognized for the population on the Gulf slope of Mexico, but today most authorities consider it invalid, instead including this population in oratrix, which also occurs on the Pacific slope of Mexico.[2][11][12] In contrast, the population in north-western Honduras and adjacent eastern Guatemala (near Puerto Barrios), which resembles A. oratrix belizensis and commonly is included in that subspecies, may represent an undescribed subspecies. It has sometimes been referred to as guatemalensis,[11] but until this population is officially described, the name remains provisional.
The origin of the common epithet "double yellow-headed" is that this species is differentiated from the others in the yellow-headed amazon complex by possessing both the yellow nape and yellow crown of its two close relatives, hence a "double-yellow" head.[citation needed]
Description[edit]
The yellow-headed amazon averages 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) long.[13] The shape is typical of amazons, with a robust build, rounded wings, and a square tail. The body is bright green, with yellow on the head, dark scallops on the neck, red at the bend of the wing, and yellow thighs. The flight feathers are blackish to bluish violet with a red patch on the outer secondaries. The base of the tail also has a red patch, which is usually hidden. The outer tail feathers have yellowish tips.[2]
8 weeks old.
The bill is horn-colored (gray), darker in immatures of the Belizean subspecies. The eye ring is whitish in Mexican birds and grayish in others. The most conspicuous geographical difference is the amount of yellow. In adults, the head and upper chest are yellow in the subspecies of the Tres Marías Islands (tresmariae); just the head in the widespread subspecies of Mexico (oratrix); just the crown in Belize (belizensis); and the crown and nape in the Sula Valley of Honduras (hondurensis, which thus resembles the yellow-naped parrot). Immatures have less yellow than adults; they attain adult plumage in 2 to 4 years.[2]
The variety "Magna" (or "Magnum") is bred for more yellow and commands a premium price as a pet.[14] Some "extreme" Magnas have as much yellow as Tres Marías birds, but are distinguished from them by heavier barring on the chest and a less bluish tint to the green plumage.[15]
Wild birds give low-pitched, sometimes human-sounding screams, but often fly silently (unlike many other parrots). The calls can be described as "a rolled kyaa-aa-aaah and krra-aah-aa-ow, a deep, rolled ahrrrr or ahrhrrrr," etc.[2] Young birds make a "clucking" sound to indicate that they are hungry.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
In Belize
This species lives in riparian forest and areas with scattered trees, as well as evergreen forest in Belize and mangroves in Guatemala. A notable ecoregion of occurrence is the Belizean pine forests.[16] It occurs singly or in pairs, in small groups, and occasionally in big flocks. The range formerly included both coastal slopes of Mexico from the Tres Marías Islands and Jalisco to Oaxaca and from Nuevo León to northern Chiapas and southwestern Tabasco, as well as a disjunct area including most of Belize, and another comprising a small part of northeastern Guatemala and northwestern Honduras.[2] However, their numbers have been reduced drastically—by 90%, to 7,000, from the mid-1970s to 1994,[17] and by 68% from 1994 to 2004[1]—because of capture for the pet trade and habitat destruction.
Introduced populations can be found in Stuttgart, Germany where a population of over 50 individuals resides .[18] Smaller introduced populations are to found at Imperial Beach, Santa Ana, Loma Linda and Pasadena; all in Southern California.
Conservation status[edit]
Upper body
The yellow-headed amazon is considered endangered by the IUCN, and is on the CITES Appendix I, which by international treaty, has made export, import and trade of wild-caught yellow-headed amazons illegal and the trade in birds bred in aviculture subject to controls in most of the world. Captive-bred yellow-headed amazons can be sold and owned legally subject to checks and regulations. Populations range from Central America, through Mexico, and even into the southmost region of Texas. Generally, throughout the world, sale of Appendix I species bred in aviculture must be accompanied with official certification which is provided by the breeder, and they must have a closed ring on one leg.
The popularity of yellow-headed amazons as a pet continues to fuel poaching efforts, which have nearly driven it to extinction in the wild. Their wild population has declined from 70,000 to 7,000 in the past two decades alone.[1] An estimated 40-60% of poached yellow-headed amazons die before they are sold. The situation for tresmariae, which potentially can be treated as a separate species, is unclear, but its very small range gives cause for concern and some reports indicate it is under considerable threat.[1]
As pets[edit]
Pet parrot
Though only captive-bred yellow-headed amazons may be owned, these are widely available (if somewhat expensive) and their personalities make them highly desirable pets; they have been kept as such for centuries[19] because they are among the parrots that "talk" best.[20] Their vocal abilities are generally bested only by the African grey parrot and matched by similar species, such as the yellow-naped parrot. Yellow-headed amazons in captivity appear to have an affinity for both singing and the learning of song - and a naturally powerful, operatic voice.[21][22][23]
As in most amazons, nervous plucking of plumage is rare among this species. A generally recognized disadvantage of the yellow-headed amazon and its close relatives (such as the yellow-naped amazon) is hormonal aggressiveness, most notable among males in the breeding season. It is a member of the "Hot Three" (referring to the male bird's "hot" temper), along with the yellow-naped and blue-fronted.[24][25]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d BirdLife International (2013). "Amazona oratrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Steve N. G. Howell; Sophie Webb (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
Jump up ^ Binford, L. 1989. A distributional survey of the birds of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Orn. Monographs. 43: 1-418.
Jump up ^ Monroe, B., JR., & T. Howell. 1966. Geographic variation in Middle American parrots of the Amazona ochrocephala complex. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, no. 34. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
^ Jump up to: a b Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1996. Distribution, variation, and conservation of Yellow-headed Parrots in northern Central America. Cotinga 5: 46-53.
Jump up ^ Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1997. Amazona oratrix hondurensis: A new subspecies of parrot from the Sula Valley of northern Honduras. Bull. BOC 117: 203-223.
Jump up ^ Lousada, S. 1989. Amazona auropalliata caribaea: A new subspecies of parrot from the Bay Islands, northern Honduras. Bull. BOC 109: 232-235.
Jump up ^ Eberhard, J., & E. Bermingham. 2004. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amazona ochrocephala (Aves: Psittacidae) Complex. Auk 121(2): 318-332
Jump up ^ Russello, M. A., & Amato, G. (2004). A molecular phylogeny of Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30(2): 421-437
Jump up ^ Ribas, C. C., Tavares, E. S., Yoshihara, C., & Miyaki C. Y. (2007). Phylogeny and biogeography of yellow-headed and blue-fronted parrots (Amazona ochrocephala and Amazona aestiva) with special reference to the South American taxa. Ibis 149: 564-574
^ Jump up to: a b c Juniper, T., & M. Parr. 1998. A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex. ISBN 1-873403-40-2
Jump up ^ Clements, J. 2007. The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World. Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1
Jump up ^ "Species factsheet: Amazona oratrix". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 12 August 2008.
Jump up ^ "Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot". Aves International. Retrieved 2006-08-23. A commercial site. Shows many photographs including captive-bred young.
Jump up ^ "Where are they now?". The Feather Tree. 2003. Retrieved 2006-08-23. A commercial site. Shows many photographs comparing "extreme Magna" to tresmariae
Jump up ^ C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2012. Belizean pine forests. ed. M. McGinley. Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC
Jump up ^ "Yellow-headed Parrot (Amazona oratrix)" (PDF). Defenders of Wildlife. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
Jump up ^ Stuttgart Amazon Parrots - Jonker R.M.V., City Parrots
Jump up ^ "Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot". Hogle Zoo. 2002–2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
Jump up ^ Larry Lachman; Diane Grindol; Frank Kocher (2003). Birds Off the Perch: Therapy and Training for Your Pet Bird. Simon and Schuster. p. 7. ISBN 0-7432-2704-2.
Jump up ^ "The Amazon Parrot". lafebercares.com.
Jump up ^ "The Amazing Amazon Parrots". The Parrot Post.
Jump up ^ "Amazon Parrot Update". Animal and Pet Adventures.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20080212235328/http://www.featheredfamily.com/yelloheadedamazon.htm
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20080608142723/http://www.nhahonline.com/b_general.htm
External links[edit]
Media related to Amazona oratrix at Wikimedia Commons
[hide]
v
t
e
Amazon parrots (genus: Amazona)
Species
Cuban amazon (or rose-throated amazon)
Yellow-billed amazon (or Jamaican amazon)
Hispaniolan amazon
Puerto Rican amazon
Yucatan amazon (or yellow-lored amazon)
White-fronted amazon
Black-billed amazon
Tucuman amazon
Red-spectacled amazon
Red-crowned amazon
Lilac-crowned amazon
Red-lored amazon (supporting page: lilacine amazon)
Blue-cheeked amazon
Red-browed amazon
Red-tailed amazon
Festive amazon
Yellow-shouldered amazon
Turquoise-fronted amazon (or blue-fronted amazon)
Yellow-crowned amazon (supporting page: Panama amazon)
Yellow-naped amazon
Yellow-headed amazon
Kawall's amazon
Orange-winged amazon
Scaly-naped amazon
Northern mealy amazon
Southern mealy amazon
Vinaceous-breasted amazon (or vinaceous amazon)
St. Lucia amazon
Red-necked amazon
St. Vincent amazon
Imperial amazon
Hypothetical
extinct species
Guadeloupe amazon
Martinique amazon
Neotropical parrots (tribe: Arini)
List of amazon parrots
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q613939
ADW: Amazona_oratrix
EoL: 1178074
GBIF: 2479646
iNaturalist: 18998
ITIS: 554926
IUCN: 22686337
NCBI: 152276
Species+: 11033
ARKive: yellow-headed-parrot/amazona-oratrix
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow-headed_amazon&oldid=801311726"
Categories:
IUCN Red List endangered species
Amazona
Amazon parrots
Birds of Belize
Native birds of Eastern Mexico
Native birds of Western Mexico
Fauna of Islas Marías
Feral parrots
Birds described in 1887
Hidden categories:
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All articles with unsourced statements
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