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A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)
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A Star Is Born
Soundtrack album by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper
Released
October 5, 2018
Recorded
2017–2018
Studio
Woodrow Wilson Studios (Hollywood, California)
EastWest Studios, The Village West (Los Angeles, California)
Shangri-La Studios (Malibu, California)
Electric Lady Studios (New York, New York)
Length
70:01
Label
Interscope
Producer
Paul "DJWS" Blair
Dave Cobb
Bradley Cooper
Lady Gaga
Nick Monson
Lukas Nelson
Brian Newman
Mark Nilan Jr.
Benjamin Rice
Lady Gaga chronology
Joanne
(2016) A Star Is Born
(2018)
Singles from A Star Is Born
"Shallow"
Released: September 27, 2018
A Star Is Born is the soundtrack album to the 2018 musical film of the same name, performed by its stars Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. It was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records.[1] Gaga and Cooper collaborated on the soundtrack album with an assortment of country musicians, including Lukas Nelson, who also stars in the film as a member of Cooper's band. For the more pop-oriented songs on the soundtrack, Gaga teamed up with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow. The soundtrack also includes contributions from Jason Isbell, Mark Ronson, Diane Warren, and Andrew Wyatt of Miike Snow. Commercially, it has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Contents
1 Background and development
2 Writing and recording
3 Music and lyrics
4 Release
5 Critical reception
6 Commercial performance
7 Track listing
8 Charts
9 Release history
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Background and development[edit]
In March 2015, Warner Bros. announced that Bradley Cooper was in talks to make his directorial debut with A Star Is Born, the fourth remake of the 1937 film of the same name.[2] Lady Gaga was officially attached to the film in August 2016, with the studio green-lighting the project to begin production in early 2017.[3] Cooper plays Jackson Maine, "a veteran country singer who discovers and eventually falls in love with a struggling singer-songwriter named Ally, played by Gaga."[4] Gaga "helped inform Cooper's performance as a musician".[5]
Cooper spent two-and-a-half years prepping for the film and determining what kind of musician his character would be. He worked with a number of musicians and vocal coach Roger Love.[6] Cooper said, "by the end he just kind of started developing into his own sort of creation. If I had another year of prep, it would have been complete rock, but now it's some sort of hybrid."[6]
Writing and recording[edit]
Cooper described the soundtrack "an evolution, like the story."[7] Gaga and Cooper were writing songs for the soundtrack during filming, leading to "so many different incarnations of each song."[7] Cooper added that "the music really became a character in the movie. There is no lyric that's ever in any point of the movie that doesn't have exactly to do with where one of them is or hopes to be or regrets being. That was our launching pad and then it was just about discovering what songs fit in the right places."[7] Jason Isbell wrote a song for Cooper's character, which became "the sword with which a lot of the music spawned from [Cooper]". Isbell sent the song through Dave Cobb, a Nashville-based producer with whom Cooper had been collaborating.[8]
Cooper approached Lukas Nelson (son of country music singer Willie Nelson) after seeing him perform at Desert Trip in October 2016 and asked him to work on the film as a music consultant.[9] Nelson said he began "writing songs for the movie, just for the heck of it, and sending them over to the producer, and they started liking them. Then Lady Gaga came by and I met her and we clicked. We became good friends, and we started writing together."[10] Gaga, in turn, provided backing vocals on two tracks on Nelson's self-titled album released in 2017.[11] Nelson and his band, Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real, appear in the film as Cooper's backing band.[6]
Gaga reunited with producer Mark Ronson and songwriter Hillary Lindsey, who had both contributed to her previous studio album Joanne (2016).[6] She worked with recurring collaborator DJ White Shadow on the soundtrack's more pop-oriented numbers performed by her character Ally. Much of the album was recorded live on set, at Gaga's insistence.[1][6]
Music and lyrics[edit]
Billboard described the soundtrack as "integral to the plotline", adding that "many of the lyrics are about wanting and longing for change, but noting the struggle. Some express the great love and beautiful bond the booze-addled rock star (Jackson Maine, played by Cooper) and neophyte singer-songwriter (Ally, played by Lady Gaga) have for each other", and concluding that "the music stands up, movie or no movie. They are timeless, emotional, gritty and earnest. They sound like songs written by artists who, quite frankly, are supremely messed up but hit to the core of the listener."[12]
Release[edit]
The soundtrack's track list and release date were announced on August 30, 2018.[4] Interscope Records tweeted that the album "features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film."[13] Its track "Shallow" was released on September 27 as the album's lead single.[14]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source
Rating
Metacritic 78/100[15]
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [16]
The Daily Telegraph [17]
The Guardian [18]
NME [19]
Pitchfork 7.4/10[20]
Rolling Stone [21]
Slant Magazine [22]
The soundtrack received positive response from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album has an average score of 78, based on 8 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[15] In a positive review, The Washington Post called the soundtrack a "five-star marvel" and stated that it is a possible contender to win a Grammy Award.[23] Ben Beaumont-Thomas of The Guardian gave the album a positive review, acknowledging "Bradley Cooper shows he can sing as well as act and direct", but that "it is Lady Gaga’s pop prowess that lifts each track, be it spectacular piano ballads or heart-rending duets"[18]
In a positive review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, writing for AllMusic, said "All the songs make sense narratively and on their own, so they hold together well and would amount to a first-rate soundtrack", but criticized the dialogue included in the album.[16] Rolling Stone's Brittany Spanos gave the soundtrack four stars out of a possible five, saying "The music Gaga helps write for this stretch in Ally’s career...is gorgeous--romantic without being trite and powerful."[21] Nick Reilly of NME complimented the album's "emotionally charged songs that feel entirely appropriate for this heartfelt tale of doomed romance", adding that the album is "one of the best Hollywood soundtracks of recent years."[19]
Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Neil McCormick gave the album a moderately positive review, saying the soundtrack was enjoyable, but criticized the "slightly awkward journey from rock balladry to slickly superficial pop" and stated that "there is also a weird disconnect as the soundtrack shifts gear to anodyne modern pop".[17] Jeremy Winograd of Slant Magazine, in a mixed review, was critical of the album, saying "There’s undoubtedly a strong 10-song album lodged at the core of A Star Is Born, but unlike the film, wherein an outsized sense of sentimentality is rendered affecting by the more grounded performances, there’s not nearly enough substance here to justify all the bombast."[22]
Commercial performance[edit]
A Star Is Born opened atop the US Billboard 200 with 231,000 album-equivalent units, including 162,000 pure album sales. It had the biggest overall sales week for a soundtrack in over three years, and is Gaga's fifth US number-one album as well as Cooper's first. Gaga extended her record as the female artist with the most chart-topping albums during the 2010s, breaking her tie with Taylor Swift. Beside its pure album sales, A Star Is Born earned 37,000 in stream-equivalent units and 32,000 from track-equivalent units.[24] The soundtrack spent a second week at number one there with 143,000 album-equivalent units (86,000 being pure sales), and became Gaga's second album to top the chart for two consecutive weeks after Born This Way (2011).[25] It then held the country's summit for a third week in a row with 109,000 equivalent units (61,000 pure sales), becoming the first soundtrack since High School Musical 2 in 2007 to top the chart for its first three weeks. Additionally it became Gaga's longest running chart-topping album in the country.[26]
A Star Is Born entered at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 18,000 equivalent units, earning the top sales and digital song download honors and the seventh highest on-demand streams for the week. The soundtrack was Gaga's third album to reach the summit in the nation and her first since Born This Way.[27] The soundtrack held the top position for the next week, with another 12,000 equivalent units and was also the top-selling album.[28] It had an 11% increase in sales during the third week and remained atop the charts, selling close to 14,000 equivalent units. Like in the United States, the soundtrack became Gaga's longest running chart-topping album in Canada for Gaga.[29]
In the United Kingdom, A Star Is Born faced competition from Twenty One Pilots' fifth studio album, Trench, with the midweek chart suggesting the latter to emerge as the top album. A Star Is Born pulled ahead at the last moment according to Alan Jones from Music Week, and debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with 31,816 units (including 6,178 from stream-equivalent units). It became Gaga's fourth album to reach number one in the nation and first since Artpop (2013), as well as Cooper's first entry on the chart.[30][31] The soundtrack was then displaced by Jess Glynne's Always In Between the following week, and it fell to number two, selling 24,732 equivalent units.[32][33] For the week ending November 1, 2018, the soundtrack moved back atop the chart with 24,982 copies sold (including 6,645 from sales-equivalent streams). "Shallow" also reached the top of the UK Singles Chart that week, making Gaga and Cooper score an Official UK Chart double, this being Gaga's third time to do so.[34][35]
A Star Is Born opened at number one in Ireland and Scotland,[36][37] and was Gaga's third number one in the former.[38] During its third week atop the Irish chart, the soundtrack attained its highest sales tally.[39] In France, the soundtrack sold 8,700 units and debuted at number seven on the SNEP Albums Chart, and held the same position the next week with another 8,000 units.[40][41] In Australia, A Star Is Born entered at number three on the ARIA Albums Chart, giving Gaga her seventh top 10 album in the country and her sixth to reach the top three.[42] Two weeks later, the soundtrack reached the top of the charts, becoming Gaga's third album to reach the Australian charts summit after The Fame Monster and Born This Way.[43] The soundtrack debuted at number six in the New Zealand Albums Chart, and after two weeks reached the top.[44]
Track listing[edit]
Standard version[45]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Intro" 0:20
2. "Black Eyes" (performed by Bradley Cooper)
Cooper
Lukas Nelson
Cooper
Nelson
Lady Gaga[a][b]
3:03
3. "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" (dialogue; featuring Lady Gaga)
Harold Arlen
E.Y. Harburg
Claire Louise Whittleston[46]
0:42
4. "Fabulous French" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga, Anthony Ramos and D.J. "Shangela" Pierce) 0:19
5. "La Vie en rose" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Louiguy
Édith Piaf
Gaga
Brian Newman
2:59
6. "I'll Wait for You" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:19
7. "Maybe It's Time" (performed by Bradley Cooper) Jason Isbell
Cooper
Benjamin Rice
Gaga[a]
2:39
8. "Parking Lot" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:31
9. "Out of Time" (performed by Bradley Cooper)
Cooper
Nelson
Cooper
Nelson
2:52
10. "Alibi" (performed by Bradley Cooper)
Gaga
Cooper
Nelson
Gaga
Cooper
Nelson
3:03
11. "Trust Me" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:32[e]
12. "Shallow" (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper)
Gaga
Mark Ronson
Anthony Rossomando
Andrew Wyatt
Gaga
Rice
3:35
13. "First Stop, Arizona" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:10
14. "Music to My Eyes" (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper)
Gaga
Nelson
Nelson 3:19
15. "Diggin' My Grave" (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper) Paul Kennerley
Gaga
Nelson
3:57
16. "I Love You" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:19
17. "Always Remember Us This Way" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Natalie Hemby
Hillary Lindsey
Lori McKenna
Dave Cobb
Gaga
3:30
18. "Unbelievable" (dialogue; featuring Lady Gaga and Rafi Gavron) 0:28
19. "How Do You Hear It?" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:14
20. "Look What I Found" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Mark Nilan Jr.
Nick Monson
Paul "DJWS" Blair
Nelson
Aaron Raitiere
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
2:55
21. "Memphis" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:24
22. "Heal Me" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Julia Michaels
Justin Tranter
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
3:16
23. "I Don't Know What Love Is" (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper)
Gaga
Nelson
Gaga[c]
Nelson
Nilan[b]
Monson[b]
2:57
24. "Vows" (dialogue; featuring Lady Gaga) 0:17
25. "Is That Alright?" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Raitiere
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
3:11
26. "SNL" (dialogue; featuring Alec Baldwin, Donald King, Michael Mancini and Gena Rositano) 0:13
27. "Why Did You Do That?" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Diane Warren
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
3:04
28. "Hair Body Face" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Rice[d]
3:22
29. "Scene 98" (dialogue; featuring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga) 0:35[f]
30. "Before I Cry" (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
Gaga
Nilan
Monson
Blair
4:18
31. "Too Far Gone" (performed by Bradley Cooper)
Cooper
Nelson
Cooper
Nelson
1:26
32. "Twelve Notes" (dialogue; featuring Lady Gaga and Sam Elliott) 1:03
33. "I'll Never Love Again" (film version) (performed by Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper)
Gaga
Hemby
Lindsey
Raitiere
Gaga
Rice
4:41
34. "I'll Never Love Again" (extended version) (performed by Lady Gaga)
Gaga
Hemby
Lindsey
Raitiere
Gaga
Rice
5:28
Total length: 70:01[g]
showVersion without dialogue[47]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Black Eyes" 3:03
2. "La Vie en rose" 2:59
3. "Maybe It's Time" 2:39
4. "Out of Time" 2:52
5. "Alibi" 3:03
6. "Shallow" (radio edit) 3:37
7. "Music to My Eyes" 3:19
8. "Diggin' My Grave" 3:57
9. "Always Remember Us This Way" 3:30
10. "Look What I Found" 2:55
11. "Heal Me" 3:16
12. "I Don't Know What Love Is" 2:57
13. "Is That Alright?" 3:11
14. "Why Did You Do That?" 3:04
15. "Hair Body Face" 3:22
16. "Before I Cry" 4:18
17. "Too Far Gone" 1:26
18. "I'll Never Love Again" (film version) (radio edit) 4:41
19. "I'll Never Love Again" (extended version) (radio edit) 5:28
Total length: 63:37
Notes
^[a] – additional vocal production
^[b] – additional production
^[c] – main and additional production
^[d] – vocal production
^[e] – 0:31 on clean version of the album
^[f] – 0:34 on clean version of the album
^[g] – 69:59 for clean version of the album
Charts[edit]
Chart (2018)
Peak
position
Argentinian Albums (CAPIF)[48]
3
Australian Albums (ARIA)[49]
1
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[50]
2
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[51]
4
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[52]
4
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[53]
1
Croatia International Albums (HDU)[54]
3
Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[55]
1
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[56]
3
Estonian Albums (IFPI)[57]
1
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[58]
12
French Albums (SNEP)[59]
7
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[60]
5
Greek Albums (IFPI Greece)[61]
4
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[62]
15
Icelandic Albums (Tonlist)[63]
4
Irish Albums (OCC)[64]
1
Italian Albums (FIMI)[65]
4
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[44]
1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[66]
2
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[67]
32
Portuguese Albums (AFP)[68]
2
Scottish Albums (OCC)[37]
1
Slovak Albums (ČNS IFPI)[69]
1
South African Albums (RiSA)[70]
18
South Korean Albums (Gaon)[71]
37
South Korean International Albums (Gaon)[72]
1
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[73]
2
Swedish Compilation (Sverigetopplistan)[74]
1
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[75]
1
UK Albums (OCC)[76]
1
UK Soundtrack Albums (OCC)[77]
1
US Billboard 200[78]
1
US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[79]
1
US Top Tastemaker Albums (Billboard)[80]
1

Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
Various
October 5, 2018
Digital download
Streaming
CD
LP
Interscope [81]
Japan
November 7, 2018
CD
LP
[82]
See also[edit]
Book: A Star Is Born (2018 film)
List of artists who have achieved simultaneous UK and US number-one hits
List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2018
List of number-one albums of 2018 (Australia)
List of number-one albums of 2018 (Canada)
List of number-one albums of 2018 (Ireland)
List of number-one albums from the 2010s (New Zealand)
List of number-one albums of 2018 (Scotland)
List of number-one hits of 2018 (Switzerland)
List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2010s
List of UK Album Downloads Chart number ones of the 2010s
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack / Lady Gaga / Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nestor, Siim (October 22, 2018). "EESTI TIPP-40 MUUSIKAS: Lenna kihutas koos nubluga, aga". Eesti Ekspress (in Estonian). Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Elokuvamusiikki: A Star Is Born" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums (Week 41, 2018)". Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Soundtrack – A Star Is Born" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official IFPI Charts Top-75 Albums Sales Chart Εβδομάδα: 41/2018" (in Greek). IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 album DVD és válogatáslemez-lista – 2018. 42. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Tonlistinn Vika 42 – 2018" (in Icelandic). Tonlistinn. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Irish Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Album – Classifica settimanale WK 42 (dal 2018-10-12 al 2018-10-18)" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 Albums uke 42, 2018". VG-lista. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Soundtrack / Lady Gaga / Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Slovak Albums – Top 100". ČNS IFPI. Retrieved October 22, 2018. Note: On the chart page, select SK Albums and "201842" on the field besides the word "Zobrazit", and then click over the word to retrieve the correct chart data.
Jump up ^ "South Africa Top 20" (in Africans). Recording Industry of South Africa. October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
Jump up ^ "South Korea Gaon Album Chart". On the page, select "2018.10.14~2018.10.20" to obtain the corresponding chart. Gaon Chart Retrieved October 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "South Korea Gaon International Album Chart". On the page, select "2018.10.07~2018.10.13", then "국외", to obtain the corresponding chart. Gaon Chart Retrieved October 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Albumes – Semana 42 (12/10 a 18/10)". Productores de Música de España. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Veckolista Samlingar – Vecka 41, 12 oktober 2018" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Soundtrack / Lady Gaga / Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born". Hung Medien. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Soundtrack Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga Chart History (Soundtrack Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga Chart History (Top Tastemaker Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born – Official store". Warner Bros. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "'A Star Is Born (Movie)' Original Soundtrack" (in Japanese). CDJapan. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
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List of equine fatalities in the Grand National
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Modern steeplechase races have an average of just over 4 equine fatalities for every 1,000 horses taking part, according to the British Horseracing Authority.[1] However, the Grand National, a popular steeplechase held annually in England, yielded 7 fatalities out of 439 horses taking part between 2000 and 2010.[2][3]
The Grand National is a National Hunt handicap race over a distance of 4 miles 3½ furlongs and over 30 fences at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool. The high number of equine deaths in the race has made it a target for animal rights activists. While course officials have repeatedly taken safety measures over the years, such as improving veterinary facilities and reducing the severity of fences,[4] some have campaigned for further modifications or the abolition of the event that was inaugurated in 1839.[5]
After the 1989 Grand National, in which two horses died in incidents at Becher's Brook (the sixth and 22nd fence on the course), Aintree began making significant changes to the fences that are jumped during the National. The brook on the landing-side of Becher's was filled in to prevent horses rolling back into it, and the incline on the landing-side has been mostly levelled out, whilst retaining a drop to slow the runners. Other fences have been reduced in height, toe-boards have been made taller, and the entry requirements for participating horses have been made stricter, such as the requirement for runners to have been placed fourth or better in a previous recognised steeplechase over a distance of at least three miles.
Some within the horseracing community, including some with notable achievements in the Grand National, such as Ginger McCain and Bob Champion,[6][7][8] have argued that the lowering of fences and the narrowing of ditches, primarily designed to increase horse safety, has had the adverse effect by encouraging the runners to race faster. During the 1970s and 1980s the Grand National saw a total of 12 horses die (half of which were at Becher's Brook); in the next 20-year period from 1990 to 2010, when modifications to the course were most significant, there were 17 equine fatalities.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of fatalities
2 Summary by fence
3 See also
4 References
List of fatalities[edit]
The animal welfare charity League Against Cruel Sports counts the number of horse deaths at 40 over the three-day meet from the year 2000 to 2013.[9] The following list details the equine fatalities during, or as a direct result of participating in, the Grand National, that is, the showpiece steeplechase itself rather than all the various races held over the entire three-day "Grand National meeting" (which includes two other races over one circuit of the National course: the Fox Hunters for amateur jockeys and the Topham for professional jockeys). It includes, where applicable and where known, the fence at which the fatality occurred.[10]
Year
Horse
Fence #
Fate
Going
Ran
Note
Source
2012 Synchronised While running riderless Fell Good 40 Fell at Becher's Brook but continued running riderless until the 11th fence where he fractured his right-hind tibia and fibula and had to be euthanised. [11]
2012 According to Pete (6 &) 22 Brought down Good 40 Fractured his left-fore humerus and had to be euthanised. [11][12]
2011 Ornais 4 (& 20) Fell Good 40 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [13]
2011 Dooneys Gate 6 (& 22) Fell Good 40 Fractured his thoracolumbar upon falling and had to be euthanised. [13]
2009 Hear The Echo While running Collapsed Good-soft 40 Collapsed on the run-in and died. [14]
2008 McKelvey While running riderless Collided with barrier Good 40 Unseated rider at 20th fence and continued running riderless until he collided with railings, was unable to regain his feet due to injuries, and had to be euthanised. [15]
2007 Graphic Approach While running riderless Collapsed Good 40 Fell at Becher's Brook but continued running riderless before collapsing with concussion; he was euthanised several days later. [16]
2006 Tyneandthyneagain 1 (& 17) Fell Good-soft 40 Continued running riderless until falling later, was diagnosed with a spinal injury and had to be euthanised. [17]
2003 Goguenard (3 &) 19 Brought down Good 40 Injured in a mêlée by another falling horse and had to be euthanised. [18]
2002 The Last Fling (8 &) 24 Fell Good 40 Broke his back upon falling and died. [19]
2002 Manx Magic (4 &) 20 Fell Good 40 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [19]
1999 Eudipe (6 &) 22 Fell Good 32 Broke his back upon falling and had to be euthanised. [20]
1998 Pashto 1 (& 17) Fell Heavy 37 Collapsed after falling and had to be euthanised. [21]
1998 Do Rightly 4 (& 20) Fell Heavy 37 Suffered a heart attack whilst jumping the fence. [21]
1998 Griffins Bar While running Fell Heavy 37 Incurred a shoulder fracture after jumping the fifth fence and fell; later had to be euthanised. [21]
1997 Straight Talk 14 (& 30) Fell Good 36 Incurred a leg fracture upon falling and had to be euthanised. [22]
1997 Smith's Band (4 &) 20 Fell Good 36 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [22]
1996 Rust Never Sleeps While running Pulled up Good 27 Pulled up lame before the 13th fence, diagnosed with a broken shoulder and euthanised. [23]
1991 Ballyhane After finishing Collapsed Good-soft 40 Suffered a haemorrhage after completing the race and died. [24]
1990 Roll-A-Joint 8 (& 24) Fell Firm 38 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [25]
1990 Hungary Hur While running Pulled up Firm 38 Incurred a leg fracture while running towards the 19th fence, pulled up and euthanised. [25]
1989 Brown Trix 6 (& 22) Fell Heavy 40 Incurred a shoulder fracture upon falling. [26]
1989 Seeandem 6 (& 22) Fell Heavy 40 Broke his back upon falling and died. [26]
1987 Dark Ivy 6 (& 22) Fell Good 40 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [27]
1984 Earthstopper After finishing Collapsed Good 40 Collapsed and died after finishing the race. [28]
1983 Duncreggan 8 (& 24) Fell Soft 41 Injured in fall and later euthanised. [29]
1982 Again The Same 8 (& 24) Pulled up 39 Upon his return home the horse was found to have broken a bone in his knee and had to be euthanised. [30]
1979 Kintai 15 Brought down Good 34 Injured in fall and later euthanised. [31]
1979 Alverton (6 &) 22 Fell Good 34 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [32]
1978 Rag Trade While running Pulled up Firm 37 Pulled up lame before the 22nd fence and later euthanised. [33]
1977 Winter Rain 6 (& 22) Fell Good 42 Injured in fall and later euthanised. [34][35]
1977 Zeta's Son (9 &) 25 Fell Good 42 Injured in fall and later euthanised. [34][35]
1975 Land Lark 15 Fell Good 31 Suffered a heart attack while jumping the fence. [36]
1975 Beau Bob (6 &) 22 Fell Good 31 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [36]
1973 Grey Sombrero 15 Fell Firm 38 Incurred a shoulder fracture upon falling and had to be euthanised. [37]
1970 Racoon 3 (& 19) Fell Good 28 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and had to be euthanised. [38]
1967 Vulcano 3 (& 19) Fell Good 44 Injured in fall and euthanised. [39]
1960 Belsize II (4 &) 20 Fell Good 26 Injured in fall and euthanised with a suspected cervical fracture. [40]
1959 Henry Purcell 6 & 22 Fell Good 34 Broke his back upon falling and had to be euthanised. [41]
1954 Dominick's Bar 2 & 18 Fell Soft 29 Suffered a heart attack while jumping the fence. [42][43]
1954 Paris New York 4 & 20 Fell Soft 29 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [42][43]
1954 Legal Joy 13 & 29 Fell Soft 29 Broke a leg in a fall and had to be euthanised. [42][43]
1954 Coneyburrow 12 & 28 Fell Soft 29 Injured in a fall and later euthanised. [42][43]
1953 Cardinal Error 4 (& 20) Fell Good 31 Injured or possibly killed in a fall. [44]
1953 Parasol II 8 (& 24) Fell Good 31 Injured in a fall and later euthanised. [44]
1952 Skouras 6 & 22 Fell Good-firm 47 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and had to be euthanised. [45]
1950 Limestone Cottage 8 (& 24) Fell Good 49 Injured in fall. [46]
1946 Symbole 6 & 22 Fell Good 34 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died. [47]
1938 Cabin Fire 8 (& 24) Fell Good 36 [citation needed]
1938 Rock Lad 16 Injured on landing Good 36 [citation needed]
1936 Avenger 1 & 17 Fell Good 36 Incurred a cervical fracture and had to be euthanised. [48]
1931 Swift Roland 6 & 22 Fell "Perfect" 43 Fatally injured when another faller landed on him. [49]
1931 Drin 9 & 25 Fell "Perfect" 43 Incurred a leg fracture and had to be euthanised. [49]
1930 Derby Day Fell "Perfect" 41 [50]
1929 Stort Fell "Average" 66 Incurred a leg fracture and had to be euthanised. [50]
1926 Lone Hand Fell Good 30 [50]
1922 The Inca 6 & 22 Fell Good 32 Incurred a leg fracture and had to be euthanised. [51]
1922 Awbeg 8 & 24 Fell Good 32 Incurred a leg fracture and had to be euthanised. [51]
1907 Kilts 1 & 17 Fell Good 23 [52]
1901 True Blue Fell Snow 24 [52]
1891 The Emperor While running Fell Good 21 Having been pulled up, fell and broke his back while running back to the stables. [52]
1882 Wild Monarch Fell Heavy 12 [52]
1872 Primrose 2 & 18 Fell Hard 25 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised. [52]
1871 Lord Raglan Fell "Perfect" 25 Broke a leg and was euthanised. [52][53]
1869 Huntsman's Daughter "Average" 22 Reports state only that the horse had to be euthanised after the race. [54]
1868 Chimney Sweep While running Collided with barrier Heavy 21 Injured when collided with barrier on the Melling Road and had to be euthanised. [52]
1863 Telegraph 5 & 21 Fell Good 16 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised. [52]
1862 O'Connell 15 Fell "Average" 13 Was taken to the stables where he later died. His rider, Joe Wynne, also died later that evening from injuries sustained in the fall; this is the only occasion a jockey has been killed in the Grand National. [55]
1861 The Conductor Refused "Average" 24 Injured in mêlée and had to be euthanised. [52]
1857 Garry Owen Pulled up Heavy 28 Ruptured his loins. [56]
1857 Albatross Collapsed Heavy 28 Fell dead while running towards the fence. [56]
1856 Banstead 2 & 18 Fell "Average" 21 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised. [52]
1855 Miss Mowbray 8 & 24 Fell Heavy 20 Incurred a cervical fracture upon falling and died.
1854 Bedford 9 & 25 Fell Good 20 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised. [52]
1849 The Curate 2 & 18 Fell Heavy 24 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised. [57]
1849 Equinox 3 & 19 Fell Heavy 24 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised.
1849 Kilfane 4 & 20 Fell Heavy 24 Injured in fall and had to be euthanised.
1848 Counsellor Fell Heavy 29
1848 The Sailor Fell Heavy 29 [58]
1848 Blue Pill Fell Heavy 29
1845 Clansman 8 & 24 Fell Heavy 16
1839 Dictator 9 & 25 Fell Heavy 17 Burst blood vessel. [59][60]
Summary by fence[edit]
The following table summarises the total number of equine fatalities by each of the 16 fences on the course, and includes the current height of each.
Fence # Current height Total fatalities
1 & 17 4'06" 4
2 & 18 4'07" 4
3 & 19 (open ditch) 4'10" 4
4 & 20 4'10" 8
5 & 21 5'00" 1
6 & 22 (Becher's Brook) 5'00" 14
7 & 23 (Foinavon) 4'06" 0
8 & 24 (Canal Turn) 5'00" 7
9 & 25 (Valentine's) 5'00" 4
10 & 26 5'00" 0
11 & 27 (open ditch) 5'00" 0
12 & 28 5'00" 1
13 & 29 4'07" 1
14 & 30 4'06" 1
15 (The Chair) 5'02" 3
16 (Water Jump) 2'06" 0
See also[edit]
Overview of the Grand National fences
Race Horse Death Watch
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Injuries and Fatalities British Horseracing Authority.
Jump up ^ "Risk of fatalities at Grand National is too high, says academic". Anglia Ruskin University. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Who, what, why: How dangerous is the Grand National?". bbc.co.uk. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Horse Welfare & Safety". Aintree.co.uk. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Animal Welfare Groups Have Called For A Ban On Aintree's Grand National Race After Two Horses Died | UK News | Sky News". News.sky.com. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "BBC Sport - Horse Racing - Grand National: Ginger McCain queries smaller fences". BBC News. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grand National: Neptune Collonge Honoured After Horses Die Following Aintree Race | UK News | Sky News". News.sky.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "BBC Sport - According to Pete trainer wants bigger Grand National fences". Bbc.co.uk. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.league.org.uk/news-and-opinion/press-releases/2014/apr/injury-and-fatalities-are-inevitable-during-grand-national-meet
Jump up ^ http://www.aintree.co.uk/docLib/2009_pages010109.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b "Synchronised and According to Pete die in Grand National". 14 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grand-National-deaths-According-To-Pete-trainer-backs-Aintree". Daily Mail. London. 16 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Davies, Stephen (10 April 2011). "Aintree day of horror as TV audience of millions see two horses die at the National". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ "Mon Mome seals shock National win". BBC News. 4 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Harlow, Phil (5 April 2008). "Comply Or Die wins Grand National". BBC News.
Jump up ^ Armytage, Marcus (11 May 2007). "Sad end for Graphic Approach". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ "Aintree Grand National Result 2006". Racingbetter.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Monty's Pass wins Grand National". BBC News. 5 April 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b "News - Liverpool Local News - Bindaree comes back to win National". Liverpool Echo. 6 April 2002. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Aintree+%2799%3A+Eudipe+team+left+stunned+by+loss.-a060189260
^ Jump up to: a b c "Inquiries launched into Grand National deaths". BBC News. 6 April 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b "Horses pay price of failure". BBC News. 3 April 1998.
Jump up ^ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/WHERE+THEY+FINISHED+WHERE+THEY+FELL.-a061180250
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b http://grandnational-thearchives.bravehost.com/1990.html
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.angelfire.com/alt/constantinople66/thefences.htm
Jump up ^ "'A mistake at Becher's proved fatal. Dark Ivy came down perpendicular and broke his neck' « Sporting Intelligence". Sportingintelligence.com. 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hello Dandy Wins National". The New York Times. 1 April 1984.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KsZqGdBZ_U
Jump up ^ http://grittar1982.webs.com/
Jump up ^ "Rubstic". Grand National. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Patrick Weaver (12 April 2010). "Jonjo O'Neill exorcises Alverton demons". Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rag Trade". Grand National. 9 March 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "1977: Hat trick for Red Rum". BBC News. 2 April 1977.
^ Jump up to: a b [2]
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.grandnationalinsider.co.uk/pdfs/1975.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.freewebs.com/grandnationalanorak/therace.htm
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxVSjJcxTxw
Jump up ^ Malcolm, Derek (9 January 1967). "Classic report: Foinavon takes evasive action and triumphs". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ BBC TV race footage shows the field racing towards Becher's second time with Belsize tailed off. The horse takes a heavy fall at fence 20. Press coverage confirms the fall proved fatal.
Jump up ^ "The Priston Web". Priston.org.uk. 2 January 1957. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "1954 GRAN NATIONAL,GREAT FOOTAGE,ROYAL TAN WINS". YouTube. 9 August 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "GRAND NATIONAL (CRUELTY) (Hansard, 29 April 1954)". Hansard.millbanksystems.com. 29 April 1954. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Belfast Telegraph Newspaper, 28 March 1953
Jump up ^ "Skouras Takes a Fatal Fall at Aintree - HU045787 - Rights Managed - Stock Photo - Corbis". Corbisimages.com. 5 April 1952. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ http://fiftiesnationals.webs.com/1950.htm
Jump up ^ "1946 GRAND NATIONAL,GREAT FOOTAGE,LOVELY COTTAGE WINS". YouTube. 9 August 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "THE GRAND NATIONAL 1936 - British Pathé". Britishpathe.com. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sport: Grand National, Apr. 6, 1931". Time. 6 April 1931.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Animals: Gamble, Violation, Disgrace". Time. 27 April 1931.
^ Jump up to: a b "29 CHASERS FELL IN RACE.; Only Three Finished in Grand National Over Hard English Course" (PDF). The New York Times. 18 April 1922.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Full text of "Heroes and heroines of the Grand National"". Archive.org. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Liverpool Mercury 22 March 1871 page 7
Jump up ^ Liverpool Mercury Thursday 4 March 1869 page 3, column 3
Jump up ^ Liverpool Mercury 13 March 1862 page 3
^ Jump up to: a b Liverpool Daily Post Thursday 5 March 1857
Jump up ^ Grand National History 1849 - 1840 Grand National History 1840s
Jump up ^ Charles Arlington Blew, William (1901). A History of Steeple-chasing. London: J.C. Nimmo. p. 302.
Jump up ^ "Grand National : The 1839 Grand National". Grandnational.hyak.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 26th of February 1839 AD, First Grand National, famous dates in History". Information-britain.co.uk. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
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Lists
List of Grand National winners
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_equine_fatalities_in_the_Grand_National&oldid=845885001"
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Government of Michigan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Michigan has a republican form of government with three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Michigan and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the one court of justice. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Executive branch
1.1 Departments
1.2 Education
2 Legislative branch
3 Judicial branch
4 Local government
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Executive branch[edit]
Michigan's elected executive officers are:[1]
Rick Snyder (R)
Governor
Brian Calley (R)
Lieutenant Governor
Ruth Johnson (R)
Secretary of State
Bill Schuette (R)
Attorney General
For elected single person executives, term limits of 2 terms were put into place in 1993.[1] Since 1966, the Lieutenant Governor is elected with the Governor on the same ticket.[2] The Lieutenant Governor is the President of the Michigan Senate[1] and acts as the governor when the Governor is unable to execute the office, including whenever the Governor leaves the state. The Governor is the principal executive officer with the power of veto, appointment, reorganize executive government, budget proposal and other powers.[1]
The Grand Tower in Lansing
The two other elected constitutional executives of the state are the secretary of state and attorney general. Both are elected for separately four year terms concurrently with the governor/lieutenant governor slate. The elected officeholders are second and third in the line of succession respectively and may act as governor during disabilities or absences from the state. The attorney general is the state’s chief law enforcement officer, executive agencies legal counsel and leads the Department of the Attorney General. The secretary of state and its department handles automobile-related licensing, elections and record holding.[1]
Departments[edit]
Further information: List of Michigan state agencies
The 1963 Constitution requires that all permanent agencies or commissions, except universities, be assigned to one of a maximum of twenty principal departments.[1] The principal departments are the:[3][4]
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Department of Attorney General
Department of Civil Rights
Department of Corrections
Department of Education
Department of Environmental Quality
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Insurance and Financial Services
Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
Department of Natural Resources
Department of State
Department of State Police
Department of Talent and Economic Development
Department of Technology, Management and Budget
Department of Transportation
Department of Treasury
Type 1 agencies are under the under administration of the agency but operates independently of the principal department in caring out its function and in most cases created by a type 1 transfer.[5] Regulations are published in the Michigan Register (MR) and codified in the Michigan Administrative Code (MAC or AC).[6][7][8]
Education[edit]
The state board of Education is a statewide elected board that head the Michigan Department of Education which oversees all education except that of the state universities.[1]
Michigan's state universities are immune from control by the legislature, many aspects of the executive branch, and cities in which they are located; but they are not immune from the authority of the courts. Some degree of political control is exercised as the legislature approves appropriations for the schools. Furthermore, the governor appoints the board of control of most state universities with the advice and consent of the state Senate. Only the board members of the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Wayne State University are chosen in general elections.
Legislative branch[edit]
The House Chamber of the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing
Main article: Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral institution consisting of the Senate, the upper house, and the House of Representatives, the lower house. Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the legislature and how it is to be constituted. Legislative acts are published in the official Acts of the Legislature and codified in the Michigan Compiled Laws.[9] The Michigan Legislature meets in the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing, Michigan. Michigan is one of ten states to have a full-time legislature.[10][11]
Judicial branch[edit]
Main article: Judiciary of Michigan
The Michigan Hall of Justice in Lansing
The court system consists of the Michigan Supreme Court, the Michigan Court of Appeals as the intermediate appellate court, the circuit courts and district courts as the two primary trial courts, and several administrative courts and specialized courts. The Supreme Court administers all the courts. The Michigan Supreme Court consists of seven members who are elected on non-partisan ballots for staggered eight-year terms, while state appellate court judges are elected to terms of six years and vacancies are filled by an appointment by the governor, and circuit court and district court judges are elected to terms of six years.
Local government[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Michigan
See also: Government of Detroit
Lansing City Hall
Michigan is largely divided in the same way as many other U.S. states, but is distinct in its usage of charter townships. Michigan ranks 13th among the fifty states in terms of the number of local governmental entities.
The state is divided into 83 counties, and further divided into 1,240 townships, 276 cities, and 257 villages. Additionally, the state consists of 553 school districts, 57 intermediate school districts, 14 planning and development regions, and over 300 special districts and authorities.[12]
See also[edit]
Politics of Michigan
Elections in Michigan
Law of Michigan
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h MICHIGAN IN BRIEF: 1998–99 Chapter 2: About State Government (PDF). Public Sector Consultants, Inc. 1999.
Jump up ^ Dunbar, Willis F.; May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (3rd ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 585. ISBN 0-8028-7055-4. LCCN 95-13128.
Jump up ^ MCL 16.104
Jump up ^ SOM - Executive Branch
Jump up ^ "T". Glossary. Michigan State Budget Office. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Browne & VerBurg 1995, p. 349.
Jump up ^ Administrative Rules in Michigan: A Manual of Style and Procedures (PDF). Michigan Legislative Service Bureau. 2003. pp. 6–8.
Jump up ^ Koscielniak, Kimberly (January 2002). "Finding Michigan Agency Materials" (PDF). Michigan Bar Journal. 81 (1).
Jump up ^ Browne, William P.; VerBurg, Kenneth (1995). Michigan Politics and Government: Facing Change in a Complex State. Politics and Governments of the American States. University of Nebraska Press. p. 349. ISBN 0-8032-6088-1. LCCN 94-18928.
Jump up ^ "States with a full-time legislature - Ballotpedia". Retrieved 2017-07-07.
Jump up ^ Legislatures, National Conference of State. "Full- and Part-Time Legislatures". www.ncsl.org. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
Jump up ^ Michigan's System of Local Government, Michigan Manual 2005-2006, Chapter VIII, Introduction, pp. 715-718. Accessed 2007-05-15.
External links[edit]
Official website
Media related to Government of Michigan at Wikimedia Commons
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[show]
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[show]
v
t
e
Michigan state agencies
Government of Michigan
Principal departments
Agriculture and Rural Development
Attorney General
Civil Rights
Corrections
Education
Environmental Quality
Health and Human Services
Insurance and Financial Services
Licensing and Regulatory Affairs
Military and Veterans Affairs
Natural Resources
State
State Police
Talent and Economic Development
Technology, Management and Budget
Transportation
Treasury
Current units
Civil Service Commission
Economic Development Corporation
Gaming Control Board
Geological Survey
State Historic Preservation Office
State Housing Development Authority
Liquor Control Commission
Mackinac Bridge Authority
Mackinac Island State Park Commission
Michigan Lottery
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Public Service Commission
Railroad Commission
Office of Retirement Services
State Transportation Commission
Veterans Affairs Agency
Volunteer Defense Force
Former departments
Department of History, Arts and Libraries
Department of Information Technology
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Michigan&oldid=789500588"
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This page was last edited on 7 July 2017, at 18:39.
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Lieutenant Governor of Michigan

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Ruth Johnson (R)  Secretary of State

values: Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

values: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

values: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services

values: Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services

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Michigan Department of State

values: Michigan Department of Talent and Economic Development

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Michigan Department of Treasury

values: Michigan Administrative Code (page does not exist)

values: List of colleges and universities in Michigan

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Michigan State Senate

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Michigan Constitution

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Michigan Compiled Laws

values: List of cities, villages, and townships in Michigan

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/wiki/Politics_of_Michigan
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Politics of Michigan

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//lccn.loc.gov/95-13128

values: Michigan Legislative Service Bureau (page does not exist)

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Michigan Bar Journal

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//lccn.loc.gov/94-18928

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http://www.michigan.gov/
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values: United States congressional delegations from Michigan

values: List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan

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/wiki/Demographics_of_Michigan
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Demographics of Michigan

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Economy of Michigan

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Education in Michigan

values: List of municipalities in Michigan (by population)

values: Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan

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Canton Charter Township, Michigan

values: Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan

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Government of Arkansas

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Government of Connecticut

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Government of Delaware

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Government of Idaho

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Government of Iowa

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Government of Kentucky

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Government of Louisiana

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Government of Maine

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Government of Minnesota

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Government of Montana

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Government of Nebraska

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Government of North Dakota

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Government of South Carolina

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Government of Wisconsin

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Government of Wyoming

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values: Michigan Economic Development Corporation

values: Michigan State Historic Preservation Office

values: Michigan State Housing Development Authority

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values: Michigan Department of History, Arts and Libraries

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values: Category:State governments of the United States

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