text:
Ethics of care
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The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue as central to moral action. It is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by feminists in the second half of the twentieth century.[1] While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize universal standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response. The shift in moral perspective is manifested by a change in the moral question from "what is just?" to "how to respond?".[2] Ethics of care criticize application of universal standards as "morally problematic, since it breeds moral blindness or indifference."[3]
Some beliefs of the theory are basic:
Persons are understood to have varying degrees of dependence and interdependence on one another. This is in contrast to deontological and consequentialist theories that tend to view persons as having independent interests and interactions.
Those particularly vulnerable to one's choices and their outcomes deserve extra consideration to be measured according to their vulnerability to one's choices.
It is necessary to attend to contextual details of situations in order to safeguard and promote the actual specific interests of those involved.
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
1.1 Carol Gilligan and In a Different Voice
2 Relationship to traditional ethical positions
3 Care ethics as feminist ethics
4 See also
4.1 Theories
4.2 Theorists
5 References
6 Further reading and external links
Historical background[edit]
Carol Gilligan and In a Different Voice[edit]
One of the founders of the ethics of care was American ethicist and psychologist Carol Gilligan. Gilligan was a student of developmental psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. Gilligan developed her moral theory in contrast to her mentor's theory of stages of moral development. She held that measuring progress by Kohlberg's model resulted in boys being found to be more morally mature than girls, and this held for adult men and women as well (although when education is controlled for there are no gender differences).[4] Gilligan further argued that Kohlberg's model was not an objective scale of moral development. It displayed a particularly masculine perspective on morality, founded on justice and abstract duties or obligations. Dana Ward has stated, in a paper that appears never to have been formally published for critical peer review, that the scale is psychometrically sound.[5]
Gilligan's In a Different Voice offered the perspective that men and women have tendencies to view morality in different terms. Her theory claimed women tended to emphasize empathy and compassion over the notions of morality that are privileged in Kohlberg's scale.[6] Subsequent research suggests that the discrepancy in being oriented towards care-based or justice-based ethical approaches may be based on gender differences, or on differences in actual current life situations of the genders.[7]
Relationship to traditional ethical positions[edit]
Care ethics contrasts with more well-known ethical models, such as consequentialist theories (e.g. utilitarianism) and deontological theories (e.g. Kantian ethics) in that it seeks to incorporate traditionally feminized virtues and values which, proponents of care ethics contend, are absent in such traditional models of ethics.[8]
Care ethics as feminist ethics[edit]
While some feminists have criticized care-based ethics for reinforcing traditional stereotypes of a "good woman"[9] others have embraced parts of this paradigm under the theoretical concept of care-focused feminism.[10]
Care-focused feminism is a branch of feminist thought, informed primarily by ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings.[10] This body of theory is critical of how caring is socially engendered, being assigned to women and consequently devalued. “Care-focused feminists regard women’s capacity for care as a human strength”[10] which can and should be taught to and expected of men as well as women. Noddings proposes that ethical caring has the potential to be a more concrete evaluative model of moral dilemma, than an ethic of justice.[11] Noddings’ care-focused feminism requires practical application of relational ethics, predicated on an ethic of care.[12]
Ethics of care is also a basis for care-focused feminist theorizing on maternal ethics. These theories recognize caring as an ethically relevant issue.[13] Critical of how society engenders caring labor, theorists Sara Ruddick, Virginia Held, and Eva Feder Kittay suggest caring should be performed and care givers valued in both public and private spheres.[14] This proposed paradigm shift in ethics encourages the view that an ethic of caring be the social responsibility of both men and women.
Joan Tronto argues that the definition of the term "ethic of care" is ambiguous due in part to the lack of a central role it plays in moral theory.[15] She argues that considering moral philosophy is engaged with human goodness, then care would appear to assume a significant role in this type of philosophy.[15] However, this is not the case and Tronto further stresses the association between care and "naturalness". The latter term refers to the socially and culturally constructed gender roles where care is mainly assumed to be the role of the woman.[15] As such, care loses the power to take a central role in moral theory.
Tronto states there are four ethical elements of care:
Attentiveness
Attentiveness is crucial to the ethics of care because care requires a recognition of others' needs in order to respond to them.[15] The question which arises is the distinction between ignorance and inattentiveness.[15] Tronto poses this question as such, "But when is ignorance simply ignorance, and when is it inattentiveness"?[15]
Responsibility
In order to care, we must take it upon ourselves, thus responsibility. The problem associated with this second ethical element of responsibility is the question of obligation. Obligation is often, if not already, tied to pre-established societal and cultural norms and roles. Tronto makes the effort to differentiate the terms "responsibility" and "obligation" with regards to the ethic of care. Responsibility is ambiguous, whereas obligation refers to situations where action or reaction is due, such as the case of a legal contract.[15] This ambiguity allows for ebb and flow in and between class structures and gender roles, and to other socially constructed roles that would bind responsibility to those only befitting of those roles.
Competence
To provide care also means competency. One cannot simply acknowledge the need to care, accept the responsibility, but not follow through with enough adequacy - as such action would result in the need of care not being met.[15]
Responsiveness
This refers to the "responsiveness of the care receiver to the care".[15] Tronto states, "Responsiveness signals an important moral problem within care: by its nature, care is concerned with conditions of vulnerability and inequality".[15] She further argues responsiveness does not equal reciprocity.[15] Rather, it is another method to understand vulnerability and inequality by understanding what has been expressed by those in the vulnerable position, as opposed to re-imagining oneself in a similar situation.[15]
See also[edit]
Theories[edit]
Feminist ethics
Ethics
Theorists[edit]
Annette Baier
Sandra Bartky
Daniel Engster
Ellen Feder
Chris Gastmans
Carol Gilligan
Maurice Hamington
Virginia Held
Sarah Hoagland
Eva Feder Kittay
Rita Manning
Nel Noddings
Fiona Robinson
Sara Ruddick
Maureen Sander-Staudt
Michael Slote
Joan Tronto
References[edit]
Jump up ^ “Care Ethics” Maureen Sander-Staudt, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ISSN 2161-0002, http://www.iep.utm.edu/, 22/3/2016.
Jump up ^ Gilligan, Carol. "Moral Orientation and Moral Development." The Feminist Philosophy Reader. By Alison Bailey and Chris J. Cuomo. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2008. N. pag. 469 Print.
Jump up ^ Gilligan, Carol. "Moral Orientation and Moral Development." The Feminist Philosophy Reader. By Alison Bailey and Chris J. Cuomo. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2008. N. pag. 471 Print.
Jump up ^ Walker, L.J. (1991). "Sex differences in moral reasoning.” In W.M. Kurtines and J. L. Gewirtz (eds.) Handbook of moral behavior and development: Vol, 2. Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Jump up ^ Ward, Dana (2000). "Still Hearing Voice: The Persistent Myth of Gendered Judgment," Keynote address presented at the VIIIth Biennial conference of the International Society for Justice Research, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
Jump up ^ Gilligan, Carol. In A Different Voice, Cambridge: Harvard University Press (1982)
Jump up ^ Ford and Lowery (1986). "Gender Differences in Moral Reasoning: A Comparison of the Use of Justice and Care Orientations". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 50(4), 777-783; Rothbart, Hanley and Albert (1986). "Gender Differences in Moral Reasoning." Sex Roles. 15 (11&12), 645-653; and Krebs, D.L., Vermeulen, S.C., Denton, K., and Carpendale, J. I. (1994). "Gender and perspective differences in moral judgment and moral orientation". Journal of Moral Education. 23, 17-26.
Jump up ^ Tong, Rosemarie; Williams, Nancy (May 4, 2009). "Feminist Ethics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bartky, Sandra Lee (1990). Femininity and domination: studies in the phenomenology of oppression. New York: Routledge. pp. 104–105. ISBN 9780415901864.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tong, Rosmarie: Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction, page 162-165. Westview Press, Charlotte, 2009.
Jump up ^ Noddings, Nel: Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education, page 3-4. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984.
Jump up ^ Noddings, Nel: Women and Evil, page 222. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1989.
Jump up ^ Held, Virginia. Ethics of Care, page 64. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.
Jump up ^ Kittay, Eva Feder: Love’s Labor: Essays on Women, Equality and Dependency, page 20. Routledge, New York, 1999.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Tronto, Joan C. (2005), "An ethic of care", in Cudd, Ann E.; Andreasen, Robin O., Feminist theory: a philosophical anthology, Oxford, UK Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 251–263, ISBN 9781405116619.
Further reading and external links[edit]
"Care Ethics". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Held, Virginia (2005). The ethics of care. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/0195180992.001.0001. ISBN 9780195180992.
Held, Virginia (1993). Feminist morality: transforming culture, society, and politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226325934.
Slote, Michael A. (2007). The ethics of care and empathy. London ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77200-6.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Feminist Ethics
Ethics of Care article at Carnegie Mellon website
Gilligan's stages of moral development
Nel Noddings biography
Gilligan, Carol (1982). In a different voice: psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674445444.
Jagger, Alison (1995), "Caring as a feminist practice of moral reason", in Virginia, Held, Justice and care: essential readings in feminist ethics, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, ISBN 9780813321622.
Noddings, Nel (2005). Educating citizens for global awareness. New York: Teachers College Press. ISBN 9780807745342.
Tronto, Joan C. (September 2012). "Partiality based on relational responsibilities: another approach to global ethics". Ethics and Social Welfare, special issue: Gender Justice. Taylor & Francis. 6 (3): 303–316. doi:10.1080/17496535.2012.704058.
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White Christmas (weather)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A white Christmas is a Christmas with the presence of snow: either on Christmas Eve or on Christmas Day, depending on local tradition. This phenomenon is most common in the northern countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Because December is at the beginning of the Southern Hemisphere summer, white Christmases there are extremely rare, except in Antarctica, in the Southern Alps of New Zealand's South Island, and in parts of the Andes in South America as well as the southern tip of the continent such as in places like Ushuaia, Argentina. The Irving Berlin song, "White Christmas", sung by Bing Crosby from the film Holiday Inn, is the best-selling single of all time and speaks nostalgically of a traditional white Christmas.
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition
2 White Christmases in North America
2.1 Canada
2.2 United States
2.3 Tables for North America
3 White Christmases in the United Kingdom
4 White Christmases in Ireland
5 White Christmases in Romania
6 White Christmases in Poland
7 White Christmases in other parts of Europe
8 Southern Hemisphere
9 References
10 External links
Definition[edit]
White Christmas in Polish Sanok.
The definition of "white Christmas" varies. In most countries, it simply means that the ground is covered by snow at Christmas, but some countries have more strict definitions. In the United States, the official definition of a white Christmas is that there has to be a snow depth of at least 1 in or 2.5 cm at 7:00 a.m. local time on Christmas morning,[1] and in Canada the official definition is that there has to be more than 2 cm (0.79 in) on the ground on Christmas Day.[2] In the United Kingdom, although for many a white Christmas simply means a complete covering of snow on Christmas Day, the official definition by the British Met Office and British bookmakers is for snow to be observed falling, however little, (even if it melts before it reaches the ground) in the 24 hours of 25 December.[3][4] Consequently, according to the Met Office and British bookmakers, even 91 cm (3 ft) of snow on the ground at Christmas, because of a heavy snow fall a few days before, will not constitute a white Christmas, but a few snow flakes mixed with rain will, even if they never reach the ground. In the United Kingdom the most likely place to see snowfall on a Christmas Day is in North and North Eastern Scotland, in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire or the Highlands.[5]
Although the term white Christmas usually refers to snow, if a significant hail accumulation occurs in an area on Christmas Day, as happened in parts of Melbourne on 25 December 2011, this can also be described as a white Christmas, due to the resulting white appearance of the landscape resembling snow cover.[6]
White Christmases in North America[edit]
Canada[edit]
In most parts of Canada it is likely to have a white Christmas in most years, except for the coast and southern interior valleys of British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Ontario, and parts of Atlantic Canada – in those places Christmas without snow is not uncommon in warmer years, with the British Columbia coast the least likely place to have a white Christmas. The definition of a white Christmas in Canada is 2 cm (0.79 in) of snow-cover or more on Christmas morning at 7 am.[7] Environment Canada started to analyze data from 1955 to 2013 for a total of 59 years, It shows the chance of a White Christmas for several Canadian cities.[7]
The year 2006 saw some of the warmest weather on record, with such places as Quebec City experiencing their first green Christmas in recorded history.[8][9][10] In 2008, Canada experienced the first nationwide white Christmas in 37 years, as a series of pre-Christmas storms hit the nation, including the normally rainy BC Pacific coast.[11]
United States[edit]
In the United States, there is often – but not always – snow on the ground at Christmas in the northern states, except in the Pacific Northwest, with the northern Plains the most likely to see snow on the ground at Christmas. Some of the least likely white Christmases that have happened include the 2004 Christmas Eve Snowstorm, which brought the first white Christmas in 50 years to New Orleans. The 2004 storm also brought the first measurable snow of any kind since 1895 to Brownsville, Texas, and its twin city of Matamoros, Mexico. The Florida winter storm of 1989 also occurred immediately before Christmas causing a white Christmas for cities like Pensacola and Jacksonville. The same storm buried Wilmington, North Carolina and the rest of Southeastern North Carolina under 38 cm (15 in) of snow.
In the United States the notion of a white Christmas is often associated in the American popular consciousness with a Christmas celebration that includes traditional observances in the company of friends and family. White Christmas is an Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting.
According to research by CDIAC meteorologist Dale Kaiser, the United States during the second half of the 20th century experienced declining frequencies of white Christmases, especially in the northeastern region.[12] The National Climatic Data Center based the probability of a white Christmas (1 in or 2.5 cm of snow on the ground) at selected cities upon the 1988–2005 numbers from stations with at least 25 years of data.[1]
Tables for North America[edit]
Canada
City
Province
Probability (%)
Brandon Manitoba 93
Calgary Alberta 58
Charlottetown Prince Edward Island 80
Edmonton Alberta 86
Fredericton New Brunswick 78
Goose Bay Newfoundland and Labrador 98
Grande Prairie Alberta 85
Halifax Nova Scotia 58
Hamilton Ontario 63
Iqaluit Nunavut 100
Kamloops British Columbia 51
Kelowna British Columbia 63
Kenora Ontario 100
London Ontario 67
Medicine Hat Alberta 56
Moncton New Brunswick 75
Montreal Quebec 78
Ottawa Ontario 80
Penticton British Columbia 29
Prince George British Columbia 92
Quebec City Quebec 98
Regina Saskatchewan 92
Saint John New Brunswick 61
Sarnia Ontario 61
Saskatoon Saskatchewan 95
Stephenville Newfoundland and Labrador 82
St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador 64
Sudbury Ontario 95
Thunder Bay Ontario 97
Timmins Ontario 98
Toronto Ontario 44
Vancouver British Columbia 10
Victoria British Columbia 10
Whitehorse Yukon 100
Wiarton Ontario 83
Windsor Ontario 44
Winnipeg Manitoba 98
Yellowknife Northwest Territories 100
The United States
1981-2010
Probability of a white Christmas in the United States 1981-2010
United States
City
State
Probability (%)
Akron Ohio 60
Albuquerque New Mexico 3
Amarillo Texas 7
Anchorage Alaska 90
Annette Island Alaska 17
Atlanta Georgia 1
Boise Idaho 30
Boston Massachusetts 23
Casper Wyoming 47
Charleston South Carolina 1
Charleston West Virginia 30
Charlotte North Carolina 5
Chicago Illinois 40
Cleveland Ohio 60
Concord New Hampshire 23
Dallas Texas 7
Dayton Ohio 29
Denver Colorado 50
Des Moines Iowa 50
Detroit Michigan 50
Duluth Minnesota 97
Fairbanks Alaska 100
Fargo North Dakota 83
Hartford Connecticut 57
Helena Montana 67
Honolulu Hawaii 0
Huntington West Virginia 23
Indianapolis Indiana 28
Lexington Kentucky 12
Little Rock Arkansas 3
Los Angeles California 1
Louisville Kentucky 13
Marquette Michigan 90
Massena New York 77
Miami Florida 1
Milwaukee Wisconsin 60
Minneapolis Minnesota 77
Nashville Tennessee 12
Newark New Jersey 23
New York City New York 22
Oklahoma City Oklahoma 3
Omaha Nebraska 44
Philadelphia Pennsylvania 10
Phoenix Arizona 0
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 33
Portland Maine 83
Portland Oregon 2
Providence Rhode Island 37
Rapid City South Dakota 47
Reno Nevada 20
Richmond Virginia 7
Salt Lake City Utah 53
San Francisco California 2
Savannah Georgia 1
Seattle Washington 7
Spokane Washington 70
St. Louis Missouri 23
Topeka Kansas 23
Washington, D.C. Federal district 5
Wausau Wisconsin 93
Wilmington Delaware 13
White Christmases in the United Kingdom[edit]
Location
Probability[13]
London 6%
Birmingham 15%
Aberporth 9%
Glasgow 35%
Aberdeen 53%
Belfast 22%
Lerwick 75%
Bradford 14% (since 1971)
St Mawgan 10% (since 1957)
In the United Kingdom, white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s, during the Little Ice Age; the last frost fair on the River Thames, however, was in the winter of 1813–14.[13] The shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 also slightly reduced the chance of a white Christmas, effectively moving Christmas earlier in the winter.[14] An "official" white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as "one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK",[14] but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London.[14] By the newer measure, over half of all years have white Christmases, with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015.[update][14] A more "traditional" idea of snow-covered ground is less common, however, with only 4 occasions in the 51 years to 2015[update] reporting snow on the ground at 9am at more than 40% of weather stations.[14]
Although most places in the UK do tend to see some snow in the winter, it generally falls in January and February. However white Christmases do occur, on average every 6 years.[13]
Christmas 2009 was a white Christmas in some parts of Britain,[15] with thick lying snow which easterly winds had brought over the previous week. Travel over much of Britain was badly affected by ice and snow on roads, and was made more slippery by partial daytime thaw followed by overnight refreezing. It was the first white Christmas anywhere in the United Kingdom since 2004.[16]
White Christmases in Ireland[edit]
In Ireland, the prospect of early winter snow is always remote due to the country's mild and wet climate (snowfall is most common in January and February). Bookmakers offer odds every year for a white Christmas, which is officially lying snow being recorded at 09:00 local time on Christmas Day, and recorded at either Dublin Airport or Cork Airport (bets are offered for each airport). Since 1961, countrywide, snow has fallen on 17 Christmas Days (1961, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1980, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2009 and 2010), with nine of these having snow lying on the ground at 09:00 (1964, 1970, 1980, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2010). The maximum amount of lying snow ever recorded on Christmas Day was 27 cm (11 in) at Casement Aerodrome in 2010.
At Dublin Airport, there have been 12 Christmas Days with snowfall since 1941 (1950, 1956, 1962, 1964, 1970, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2000 and 2004). The statistical likelihood of snow falling on Christmas Day at Dublin Airport is approximately once every 5.9 years. However, the only Christmas Day at the airport ever to have lying snow at 09:00 was 2010 (although no snow actually fell that day), with 20 cm (7.9 in) recorded.[17]
White Christmases in Romania[edit]
White Christmases in Romania have been rare in recent times, and they will likely continue so, due to the geographic position of Romania and climate change. In recent years, blizzard and snow falls usually start in January and they usually end at the beginning of March. However, at high altitudes, white Christmases are very common.
Location
Probability
Bucharest 75%
Iași 80%
Timişoara 70%
Cluj Napoca 85%
Constanţa 65%
Miercurea Ciuc 90%
Craiova 75%
Braşov 85%
Satu Mare 75%
White Christmases in Poland[edit]
The last White Christmas in Kraków was in 2010. Rzeszów had a White Christmas in 2016, the first since 2011.[18]
White Christmases in other parts of Europe[edit]
In Europe, snow at Christmas is common in Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic states, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and northeastern Poland. In general, due to the influence of the warm Gulf Stream on European climate, chances of a white Christmas are lower the further west. For example, in southern France a white Christmas is very rare, while in Bucharest, Romania, which is at a similar latitude, it is much more likely. Northern Italy and the mountain regions of central-south Italy may also have a white Christmas. In cities such as Turin, Milan or Bologna a Christmas with falling snow or snow on the ground is not a rarity. White Christmases are also common in the Carpathian Mountains, as well as the Alps.
Southern Hemisphere[edit]
Because Christmas occurs during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere, white Christmases are especially rare events there, apart from Antarctica which is generally uninhabited. In 2006, a snowstorm hit the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales and Victoria, arriving on Christmas Morning and bringing nearly 12 in (30 cm) of snow in higher areas.[19] This was an especially rare event because it occurred during Australia's typically warm summer. In New Zealand's Southern Alps snow can fall any day of the year and a white Christmas is very possible. The same situation can be seen at the Andes at elevations above 4000msl, with some locations on the Bolivian altiplano such as El Alto having the theorical possibility of a white Christmas. A white Christmas in the Southern Hemisphere (specifically those close to Antarctica) is approximately equivalent to having snow in the Northern Hemisphere on 25 June, and in some ways is even less likely because the major population centers in the Northern Hemisphere tend to be farther from the equator than those in the Southern Hemisphere.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "White Christmas?". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 20 August 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Jump up ^ "Chances vary for a white Christmas". CBC News. 24 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Jump up ^ "Will it be a white Christmas?". Met Office. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
Jump up ^ "William Hill press release: "£1 Million Riding On A Flake Of Snow!"". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Jump up ^ Rowley, Martin (26 December 2011). "Meteorology West Moors: Snow at Christmas in the United Kingdom". Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Galleries: A White Christmas in Melbourne". Herald Sun. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chances of a White Christmas". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Environment Canada. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "White Christmas only in most Canadians' dreams". CBC News. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
Jump up ^ "Title unknown". CTV News. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
Jump up ^ "Ontario Weather Review - December 2006". Environment Canada. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
Jump up ^ Osorio, Carlos. "Canada has white Christmas". Toronto Star. Toronto Star. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Dye, Lee (18 December 2003). "Study: White Christmases Have Become Rare". ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fact sheet No. 5 – White Christmases" (PDF). National Meteorological Library. Met Office. August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Will it be a white Christmas?". Met Office. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Gammell, Caroline (25 December 2009). "Britain enjoys first white Christmas for five years". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "White Christmas in 2009?". Royal Meteorological Society. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Met Éireann - Snowfall in Ireland Archived 21 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Super Express (17 December 2014), Boże Narodzenie 2014. Pogoda na święta. Czekają nas białe święta? Sprawdź, gdzie spadnie śnieg. Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. ZPR Media S.A.: Pogodynka Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ "Aussies celebrate white Christmas. 25 December 2006". ABC News. 25 December 2006. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
External links[edit]
Christmas portal
The dictionary definition of white Christmas at Wiktionary
Are you dreaming of a white Christmas?
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LCD Soundsystem
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the band. For their self-titled album, see LCD Soundsystem (album).
LCD Soundsystem
LCD Soundsystem performing at Lollapalooza 2016 in Chicago
Background information
Origin
Brooklyn, New York, United States[1]
Genres
Dance-punk[2]
dance-rock[3]
electronica[4]
electronic rock[5]
alternative dance[6]
art rock[7]
post-punk revival[8]
Years active
2002–2011
2015–present
Labels
DFA
Columbia
EMI
Capitol
Virgin
Parlophone
Warner Bros.
Domino
Nike
Associated acts
Arcade Fire
Franz Ferdinand
Website
lcdsoundsystem.com
Members
James Murphy
Pat Mahoney
Nancy Whang
Tyler Pope
Al Doyle
Gavin Rayna Russom
Matt Thornley
Korey Richey
Past members
(see band members)
LCD Soundsystem is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2002. The band is fronted by musician James Murphy, co-founder of DFA Records. They are currently signed to both DFA and Columbia Records.[9]
The band began by recording and releasing multiple singles from 2002 to 2004 leading up to their eponymous debut studio album, which was released in 2005. It garnered critical acclaim as well as a Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Their single "Daft Punk Is Playing at My House", which has become the band's most successful single, also received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording.
In the following year, LCD Soundsystem recorded and released "45:33", a forty-six minute-long composition that was made as a "workout track" especially for Nike as part of their Nike+ Original Run series. In 2007, the band released their second studio album, Sound of Silver, to critical acclaim and another Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Three years later, LCD Soundsystem released their third studio album, This Is Happening, which became their first top-ten album in their home country of the United States.
In February 2011, a statement was posted on the band's website that announced its disbandment. It was to be made official following a large farewell concert at Madison Square Garden on April 2, 2011. The farewell concert is chronicled in the documentary film Shut Up and Play the Hits and was also made available as a live album, titled The Long Goodbye, in April 2014.
After a series of rumors hinting at a possible band reunion, LCD Soundsystem released the single "Christmas Will Break Your Heart" in December 2015, making it their first single in five years. LCD Soundsystem later confirmed their reunion and announced an expanded tour, including appearances at several high-profile music festivals, as well as a new studio album. American Dream, their fourth album, was released in September 2017. It went on to become their first number-one album in the United States.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early singles and self-titled album (2002–05)
1.2 "45:33" and Sound of Silver (2006–08)
1.3 This Is Happening, farewell concert, and split (2009–11)
1.4 Post-disbandment (2011–14)
1.5 Reunion and American Dream (2015–present)
2 Band members
3 Discography
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Early singles and self-titled album (2002–05)[edit]
Main article: LCD Soundsystem (album)
LCD Soundsystem began by releasing a string of singles under DFA Records, which was co-founded by band frontman James Murphy.[10] They gained attention with their first single, "Losing My Edge", which peaked at number 115 in the UK.[11] Described as "an eight-minute, laugh-out-loud funny dissection of cool over a dirty electronic beat";[12] the single became an underground dance favorite. This was followed by the single "Give It Up", and in the following year, "Yeah" and "Movement". The latter two peaked at number 77 and number 52 in the UK, respectively.[11]
LCD Soundsystem released their eponymous debut studio album in January 2005 to critical acclaim.[13] For the CD version, the first disc contains the album and the second contains a compilation of previous singles.[14] They later released the single "Daft Punk Is Playing at My House" the following month, which became their first UK top 40 hit, peaking at number 29,[11] as well as their most commercially successful single, charting in Australia,[15] Belgium,[16] and the Netherlands.[17] The band toured with M.I.A. following the release of the album.[18]
In June 2005, the band covered a Siouxsie and the Banshees song, "Slowdive" for the B-side of their single "Disco Infiltrator".[19]
In December 2005, the group received nominations for two Grammy awards, one for Best Electronic/Dance Album with their self-titled album and one for Best Dance Recording with "Daft Punk Is Playing at My House."[20] Their self-titled debut was also placed at number 94 of Amazon.com's "Top 100 Editor's Picks" of 2005.[21]
"45:33" and Sound of Silver (2006–08)[edit]
Main articles: 45:33 and Sound of Silver
In October 2006, LCD Soundsystem released a composition entitled "45:33", as part of Nike's Original Run series. It was made available for download from iTunes.[22] Despite its name, the track is actually 45 minutes and 58 seconds long—the title is a reference to vinyl speeds (33 and 45 RPM)[22]—and was claimed to "reward and push at good intervals of a run".[23] However, it was later revealed that this was not the case, but that Murphy merely wanted the opportunity to create a long piece of music, akin to E2-E4 by Manuel Göttsching.[24]
LCD Soundsystem's second studio album, Sound of Silver, was released on March 20, 2007, to universal critical acclaim.[25] Praise included Mixmag awarding it the title Album of the Month, a 9.2 score from Pitchfork[26] and a 5-star review from The Guardian.[27] The album release was preceded by the single "North American Scum", which was released in February 2007.[28]
LCD Soundsystem's subsequent single "All My Friends" included covers of the song by both Franz Ferdinand and former Velvet Underground member John Cale.[29] The digital download "All My Friends" EP also includes a cover of the early Joy Division song "No Love Lost". In September 2007, the A Bunch of Stuff EP was released[30] and the band went on tour with Arcade Fire.[31] Late in 2007, the band released "Someone Great" as the third single from Sound of Silver and re-released "45:33" on CD and vinyl through DFA Records.[32] In December 2007, there was a release of a 12-inch record containing b-sides from European singles for the North American market entitled Confuse the Marketplace.[33]
Also in December 2007, the band received a Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album with Sound of Silver.[34] The album was also named the best album of 2007 by publications such as The Guardian,[35] Uncut[36] and Drowned in Sound.[37] The album was also nominated for the 2007 Shortlist Prize, where it lost out to The Reminder by Feist.[38]
Time magazine named "All My Friends" one of The 10 Best Songs of 2007, ranking it at number 4. Writer Josh Tyrangiel praised the "magic" in the song, saying that the song's "straightforward repetition of the same guitar, keyboard and bass lines, combined with lyrics about life without regret, and life with all kinds of regrets pays off with a punch about what we lose as we get older."[39][40] The track was later named the second best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork.[41]
After finishing touring for Sound of Silver the band recorded and released a song entitled "Big Ideas" on the soundtrack of the film 21.[42] This song was ranked number 63 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008.[43]
This Is Happening, farewell concert, and split (2009–11)[edit]
Main article: This Is Happening
LCD Soundsystem's concert at Zénith de Paris
On November 18, 2008, Al Doyle seemed to suggest in an interview with 6 Music that the band would soon be discontinued.[44] However the following day both Doyle and James Murphy quashed this rumor, with Murphy indicating a new LCD Soundsystem album was on the way.[45][46] Murphy began recording in the summer of 2009 in Los Angeles. Possible song titles mentioned at that time included "Why Do You Hate Music?" and "Love in LA."[47] For the 2009 Record Store Day the band released a cover of Suicide member Alan Vega's song "Bye Bye Bayou".[48]
On February 23, 2010, the official LCD Soundsystem website announced that the album had been completed. The first single was set to be "Drunk Girls" and on March 25, a stream of the song was put on music site One Thirty BPM.[49] The title of the album and the cover were revealed on the DFA site on March 30.[50] The album, titled This Is Happening, was released in the UK on May 17, 2010 and in the US on May 18, 2010. Prior to the release Murphy promised that it will be "definitely better than the other two."[51] Murphy also stated that it was likely to be the last LCD Soundsystem album.[52]
The band performed two secret gigs in New York on April 9 and April 12, 2010, at the Music Hall of Williamsburg (Brooklyn) and Webster Hall in New York respectively. James Murphy made an impassioned plea with fans and industry attendees at the New York gig not to leak the album to the internet in advance of the May 17 release date.[53] It was reported in the NME that Murphy went down on his knees onstage and stated:
"If you got a copy of the record early and you feel like sharing it with the rest of the world, then please don't ... We spent two years making this record and we want to put it out when we want to put it out. I don't care about money – after it comes out, give it to whoever you want for free but until then, keep it to yourself."
For the 2010 edition of Record Store Day, the band released 1000 copies of a single-sided 12" single of This Is Happening track "Pow Pow."[54] When speaking to The Quietus in August, Murphy insisted that LCD Soundsystem would continue to record music, stating: "We’ll do some 12”s and things like that. I just need to get away from it being a big thing."[55]
On February 8, 2011, LCD Soundsystem announced on its website that it would be playing its last show ever on April 2 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. When tickets went on pre-sale and official sale, there were widespread problems with availability and online ordering. Following the immediate sale of all available tickets, LCD Soundsystem announced that they would be playing four warm-up shows at New York's Terminal 5. The setlists at those shows were nearly identical to the setlist of the final show at Madison Square Garden. The final song performed by LCD Soundsystem at the farewell show was "New York, I Love You but You're Bringing Me Down". The show lasted almost four hours with appearances by Arcade Fire, Reggie Watts and others.
Post-disbandment (2011–14)[edit]
LCD Soundsystem covered the Franz Ferdinand song "Live Alone" for the Franz Ferdinand Covers EP. The cover was released as a single through the Domino Recording Company on April 11, 2011.[56] On April 12, 2011, Murphy confirmed, via LCD Soundsystem's Facebook page, the release of the final show on DVD, with a better quality than the stream offered by Pitchfork.[57][58] In addition, a documentary called Shut Up and Play the Hits, chronicling James Murphy during the 48 hours before and after the final show, screened at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and later given limited release in select theaters.
On March 5, 2013, LCD Soundsystem was named one of Rolling Stone’s New Immortals—"currently active (or relatively recently defunct) artists who [they] think will stand the test of time." [59] On April 19, 2014, the definitive live recording of the farewell show, The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden, was released in a 5-box vinyl edition.
Reunion and American Dream (2015–present)[edit]
Main article: American Dream (LCD Soundsystem album)
In October 2015, a Consequence of Sound article reported that "multiple sources" confirmed that LCD Soundsystem would be reuniting in 2016 and headlining "high-profile music festivals in the US and UK". This report was eventually confirmed by Billboard, but later that day, DFA Records label manager Kris Petersen confirmed that LCD Soundsystem would not be reuniting. DFA co-founder Jonathan Galkin also confirmed in a Pitchfork article that the band would not be reuniting.[60][61]
On December 24, 2015, LCD Soundsystem released the Christmas-themed track "Christmas Will Break Your Heart", acting as the band's first single in four years. Regarded as a "depressing Christmas song" that James Murphy had been singing to himself for years, the song was recorded during 2015 after Murphy had gotten past band members Al Doyle, Pat Mahoney, Nancy Whang, and Tyler Pope to come to DFA Studios in New York City to record the track.[62][63] It was released as both a digital download[64] and 7-inch vinyl.[65] Both Consequence of Sound and Billboard again stated, after the release of the song, that "multiple sources" can confirm that LCD Soundsystem would reunite in 2016.[66][67]
On January 4, 2016, the band's reunion was confirmed when it was announced that LCD Soundsystem would be headlining the 2016 Coachella Festival.[68][69] The following day, the band announced that they would be releasing a new studio album some time in 2016.[70] On February 13, it was reported that LCD Soundsystem had signed with Columbia Records.[71][72] On March 23, it was announced that the band would also be headlining the 2016 Lollapalooza Festival.[73] The band performed two shows at Webster Hall in East Village, Manhattan on March 27 and 28, officially marking their first shows in almost five years. The event had a ticket distribution system in the form of a lottery.[74] During the rest of 2016, the band headlined the Outside Lands,[75] Austin City Limits,[76] Bonnaroo, LouFest,[77] and Wayhome[78] festivals.
In August 2016, the band canceled tour dates for shows in Asia and Australia in order to complete work on the album. Although plans were made to release the record in 2016, it was suggested that the release date would be moved into the following year, as the recording was predicted to take another few months.[79] LCD Soundsystem performed their first show of 2017 at the then-recently opened venue Brooklyn Steel on April 6. During their performance, they premiered three new songs titled "tonite", "call the police", and "american dream" during the first encore of their set.[80] A fourth new song, "emotional haircut", was performed during a later show at Brooklyn Steel.[81] On May 5, the band released "Call the Police" and "American Dream" together as a digital double A-side single.[82] Accompanying the single was a lengthy post on their official Facebook page, which also included an update regarding the progress of their upcoming studio album.[83] The band performed the two songs during the May 6 episode of Saturday Night Live's 42nd season.[84]
On June 19, the band revealed that the title of their fourth studio album is American Dream and that it will be released on September 1 through Columbia Records and DFA Records. The tracklist for the album was also revealed as well as dates for a world tour.[9]
Band members[edit]
Principal member James Murphy at La Route Du Rock in August 2007
The current LCD Soundsystem lineup:[85]
James Murphy – vocals, synths, guitar, bass, drums, percussion, drum machine, production
Pat Mahoney – drums, percussion, drum machine, claps, synths, vocals
Nancy Whang – vocals, keyboards, synths
Tyler Pope – bass, guitar, synths, claps, drum machine
Al Doyle – guitar, percussion, synths, bass
Gavin Rayna Russom – synths, vocals
Matt Thornley – guitar, percussion, piano, synth, drum machine
Korey Richey - percussion, synths, piano, vocals
Others who have performed with the band either in-studio or live:
David Scott Stone – guitar, percussion, synths, vocals
Phil Skarich – bass
Phil Mossman – guitar, percussion
Jerry Fuchs – drums, percussion (deceased)[86]
J.D. Mark – guitar (deceased)[87]
Discography[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see LCD Soundsystem discography.
LCD Soundsystem (2005)
Sound of Silver (2007)
This Is Happening (2010)
American Dream (2017)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Miller, Jeff (April 23, 2016). "Coachella 2016 Friday Weekend 2 Recap: Prince Tributes by LCD Soundsystem, Jack U, Ellie Goulding & More". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ The following cite the band as "dance-punk":
Wright, Lisa (January 3, 2016). "Best LCD Soundsystem Songs". NME. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Moore, Bo (April 1, 2011). "The 10 Best LCD Soundsystem Songs". Paste. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Pittman, Sarah Marie (January 5, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem Talks Reunion Plans". Pollstar. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Leung, Andrew (March 9, 2016). "Is LCD Soundsystem Back Together? Here's The Scoop on the Coachella Headliner". Mic. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ The following cite the band as "dance-rock":
"LCD Soundsystem's comeback album refines the dance-rock eyebrow-archers' template". Thenational.ae. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Sisario, Ben (September 11, 2017). "LCD Soundsystem, Leaning on Traditional Sales, Has a No. 1 Album". Nytimes.com. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ The following cite the band as "electronica":
Pittman, Sarah Marie (January 5, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem Talks Reunion Plans". Pollstar. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Leung, Andrew (March 9, 2016). "Is LCD Soundsystem Back Together? Here's The Scoop on the Coachella Headliner". Mic. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ The following cite the band as "electronic rock":
Miller, Jeff (April 23, 2016). "Coachella 2016 Friday Weekend 2 Recap: Prince Tributes by LCD Soundsystem, Jack U, Ellie Goulding & More". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
Haskoor, Michael (November 19, 2013). "The ABC's of…Electronic Rock in the Studio: The Doors to Depeche Mode & LCD Soundsystem". SonicScoop. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Qadir, Fal. "LCD Soundsystem: Top 10 Songs". Project Revolver. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem: A Beginner's Guide". Read.tidal.com. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ The following cite the band as "post-punk revival"
https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/ac4094fc-25a5-451e-aef0-6e21de986ddd. Missing or empty |title= (help)
{{cite web |
url=http://commmedia.psu.edu/commradio/story/lcd-soundsystem-american-dream-review
^ Jump up to: a b Young, Alex (June 19, 2017). "LCD Soundsystem announce new album American Dream, plus lengthy tour". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem". Discogs. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zywietz, Tobias. "Chart Log UK – L". zobbel.de. Tobias Zywietz. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "'I speak as a lifetime failure'". arts.guardian.co.uk. Guardian. January 17, 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Reviews for LCD Soundsystem by LCD Soundsystem". Metacritic. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ LCD Soundsystem (album liner notes). LCD Soundsystem. DFA Records. 2005.
Jump up ^ "The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 14 March 2005" (PDF). Pandora Archive. March 20, 2005. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem – Daft Punk Is Playing At My House". ultratop.be. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem – Daft Punk Is Playing At My House". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ M.I.A. announces Headlining Tour Archived December 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Snell, Herman (February 27, 2006). "LCD Soundsystem covered a Siouxsie and the Banshees song on this CD". JacksonFreePress.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "EMI Music earns 54 Grammy nominations including honors in key categories "Album of the Year", "Record of the Year", "Song of the Year" and "Producer of the Year"". EMI Group. December 8, 2005. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Message: Top 100 Editors' Picks". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "LCD Soundsystem records track for Nike". Side-line.com. September 16, 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived February 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Murphy, James (February 10, 2007). "Is this it?". The Guide. Guardian. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Metacritic – Sound of Silver". Metacritic.com. March 20, 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Pytlik, Mark (March 20, 2007). "Pitchfork Media Review". Pitchforkmedia.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Lynskey, Dorian (March 9, 2007). "LCD Soundsystem: Sound of Silver". Arts.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem – North American Scum (CD)". Discogs. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem covered by Franz Ferdinand and John Cale for new single". Side-line.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Arcade Fire, LCD Team for Seven-Inch; Vedder, Malkmus, Tweedy Cover Dylan". SPIN.com. August 14, 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived January 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived January 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [4] Archived August 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "50th Annual GRAMMY Awards Nominations List" Archived December 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. for Sound of Silver
Jump up ^ "2007's Best Albums" The Guardian, December 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ [5] Archived December 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Diver, Mike (December 23, 2007). "DiS's albums of 2007". Drownedinsound.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Kharas, Kev (February 5, 2008). "Feist wins Shortlist Prize 2008". Drownedinsound.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Tyrangiel, Josh; "The Best Top 10 Lists of the Year"; "The 10 Best Songs"; Time magazine; December 24, 2007; Page 39.
Jump up ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (December 9, 2007). "''Time'' magazine's Top 10 Songs of 2007". Time.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Staff Lists: The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s: 20-1". Pitchfork. August 21, 2009. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "New LCD Soundsystem – "Big Ideas" (Stereogum Premiere) – Stereogum". Stereogum.com. February 25, 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Best Songs of 2008". Rolling Stone (December 25, 2008). Retrieved 2009-01-12
Jump up ^ Rogers, Georgie (November 18, 2008). "LCD Soundsystem reach end of road". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem not splitting – new album on the way". NME.com. November 19, 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Hot Chip's Al Doyle: 'LCD Soundsystem haven't disbanded'". NME.com. November 19, 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "James Murphy reveals details of new LCD Soundsystem album". Factmagazine.co.uk. September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem Cover Suicide's Alan Vega on New Single". Pitchfork. October 7, 2009. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Listen to the new LCD Soundsystem single "Drunk Girls"". One Thirty BPM. March 25, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Untitled no longer « dfa records". DfaRecords.com. March 30, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem – New Album in April". AltRockNow.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (March 3, 2010). "James Murphy Opens Up About "Crazy" May LCD Soundsystem LP". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem beg crowd not to leak album at New York show". Nme.com. April 13, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "FACT MAgazine: The A-Z of Record Store Day". Factmag.com. April 12, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ Hewitt, Ben (August 26, 2010). "News | LCD To Record Again". The Quietus. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem – Live Alone (File, MP3)". Discogs. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Photos by Max Blau (April 13, 2011). "LCD Soundsystem to Release DVD of Final Madison Square Garden Show :: News :: Paste". Pastemagazine.com. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
Jump up ^ "oh-and quick thing.." Facebook. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
Jump up ^ Menconi, David. "Phish - The New Immortals". Rollingstone.com. Retrieved 2015-04-06.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem will reunite in 2016". Consequence of Sound. October 8, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Grow, Kory (October 8, 2015). "LCD Soundsystem Label Rep Shoots Down Reunion Rumors". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Strauss, Matthew (December 24, 2015). "LCD Soundsystem Share New Song "Christmas Will Break Your Heart"". Pitchfork. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Daniel, Kreps. "LCD Soundsystem Release First New Song in Five Years". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Will Break Your Heart - Single by LCD Soundsystem". iTunes United States. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem - Christmas Will Break Your Heart (7" Single)". DFA Records. Archived from the original on December 25, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Young, Alex (December 24, 2015). "LCD Soundsystem share Christmas song ahead of 2016 reunion tour". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Medved, Matt (December 24, 2015). "LCD Soundsystem Release First New Song in Five Years; Band is 'Getting Back Together,' Say Sources". Billboard. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Minsker, Evan (January 4, 2016). "Coachella 2016 Lineup Announced". Pitchfork. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Coachella lineup announced: LCD Soundsystem, Guns N'Roses, Calvin Harris headline". Entertainment Weekly. January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hendicott, James (January 5, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem release comeback statement: 'We're not just touring. We're releasing a record'". NME. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Minsker, Evan (February 13, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem Sign to Columbia". Pitchfork. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gensler, Andy (February 13, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem Signs With Columbia Records: Exclusive". Billboard. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kot, Greg (March 23, 2016). "Lollapalooza 2016 lineup announced". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brown, Harley (March 24, 2016). "LCD Soundsystem Announce Reunion Shows This Weekend In New York City". Spin. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Blistein, Jon (April 5, 2016). "Radiohead, LCD Soundsystem, Lionel Richie Top Outside Lands Lineup". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Radiohead, LCD Soundsystem, Kendrick Lamar Top ACL Fest Lineup". Rolling Stone. 2016-05-05. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem sends LouFest crowd home on an ecstatic high". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. September 12, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LCD Soundsystem WayHome Stage, Oro-Medonte ON, July 22". Retrieved 2016-11-20.
Jump up ^ Kaye, Ben (August 26, 2016). "Report: LCD Soundsystem cancel Asian tour to work on new album". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trendell, Andrew (April 7, 2017). "LCD Soundsystem debut new songs at first gig of 2017". NME. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Trendell, Andrew (April 10, 2017). "LCD Soundsystem debut a fourth new song, 'Haircut'". NME. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "call the police / american dream - Single by LCD Soundsystem". Apple Music U.S. May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gerardi, Matt (May 4, 2017). "LCD Soundsystem to release 2 new songs tonight at midnight". The A.V. Club. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tarnoff, Brooke (May 7, 2017). "Watch LCD Soundsystem Perform 'American Dream' and 'Call the Police' on 'SNL'". Billboard. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ American Dream (album liner notes). LCD Soundsystem. DFA Records; Columbia Records. 2017.
Jump up ^ Greenblatt, Leah (November 9, 2009). "Jerry Fuchs, drummer with LCD Soundsystem, !!!, Juan McLean, dies after elevator shaft fall". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rayburn, Newt (July 13, 2013). "Local Musician J.D. Mark Passes Away". The Local Voice. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
LCD Soundsystem discography at Discogs
LCD Soundsystem discography at MusicBrainz
Interview with Fresh Air, NPR, 2010
Interview with musicOMH.com, 2007
Interview with DJ Times, 2005
Videos of James Murphy Press Conference (April 6, 2007)
James Murphy podcast on Times Online
[hide]
v
t
e
LCD Soundsystem
James Murphy
Additional members:
Nancy Whang
Pat Mahoney
Al Doyle
Tyler Pope
Gavin Russom
David Scott Stone
Matt Thornley
Phil Skarich
Phil Mossman
Studio albums
LCD Soundsystem
Sound of Silver
This Is Happening
American Dream
Live albums
London Sessions
The Long Goodbye: LCD Soundsystem Live at Madison Square Garden
Other albums
45:33
A Bunch of Stuff
Confuse the Marketplace
Remix albums
Introns
45:33 Remixes
Singles
"Losing My Edge"
"Give It Up"
"Yeah"
"Movement"
"Daft Punk Is Playing at My House"
"Disco Infiltrator"
"Tribulations"
"North American Scum"
"All My Friends"
"Someone Great"
"Time to Get Away"
"Big Ideas"
"Bye Bye Bayou"
"Pow Pow"
"Drunk Girls"
"I Can Change"
"Throw"
"Christmas Will Break Your Heart"
"Call the Police" / "American Dream"
"Tonite"
Related articles
Discography
DFA Records
Shut Up and Play the Hits
Greenberg
Hot Chip
!!!
Out Hud
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 139181146
ISNI: 0000 0001 0724 5674
GND: 10337227-1
SUDOC: 16307352X
BNF: cb139353808 (data)
MusicBrainz: 2aaf7396-6ab8-40f3-9776-a41c42c8e26b
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LCD_Soundsystem&oldid=809530155"
Categories:
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