text:
Chordophone
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article is about instruments that vibrate strings. For instruments that can play chords, see Polyphony.
Three string instruments (17th century).
Harpist Elaine Christy plays with both hands approaching the strings from either side of the harp. The harp is a chordophone with prominent strings.
A chordophone is a musical instrument that makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.
What many would call string instruments are classified as chordophones. Violins, guitars, lyres, and harps are examples. However, the word also embraces instruments that many would hesitate to call string instruments, such as the musical bow and the piano (which, although sometimes called a string instrument, is also called a keyboard instrument and a percussion instrument).
Hornbostel-Sachs divides chordophones into two main groups: instruments without a resonator as an integral part of the instrument (which have the classification number 31, also known as simple); and instruments with such a resonator (which have the classification number 32, also known as composite). Most western instruments fall into the second group, but the piano and harpsichord fall into the first. Hornbostel and Sachs' criterion for determining which sub-group an instrument falls into is that if the resonator can be removed without destroying the instrument, then it is classified as 31. The idea that the piano's casing, which acts as a resonator, could be removed without destroying the instrument, may seem odd, but if the action and strings of the piano were taken out of its box, it could still be played. This is not true of the violin, because the string passes over a bridge located on the resonator box, so removing the resonator would mean the strings had no tension.
Electric string instruments often have an electromagnetic pickup that produces a signal that can be amplified. The electric guitar is the most common example, but many other chordophones use pickups—including mandolins, violins, and the overtone koto.
Contents
[hide]
1 How chordophones work
2 Origins and development
3 List of chordophones
4 See also
5 References
How chordophones work[edit]
When a chordophone is played, the strings vibrate and interact with each other. There is usually something that makes the sound resonate, such as the body of a guitar or violin. The strings are set into motion by either plucking (like a harp), strumming (like a guitar), by rubbing with a bow (like a violin, cello or double bass), or by striking (like a piano or berimbau). Common chordophones are the banjo, cello, double bass, dulcimer, guitar, harp, lute, piano, sitar, ukulele, viola and violin.
Origins and development[edit]
A 3,300-year-old stone carving of a Hittite bard playing a stringed instrument is the oldest iconographic representation of a chordophone and clay plaques from Babylonia show people playing an instrument that has a strong resemblance to the guitar, indicating a possible Babylonian origin for the guitar.
List of chordophones[edit]
Main article: List of string instruments
Banjo
Cello
Citole
Clavichord
Clavinet
Crwth
Cuban tres
Double bass
Gittern
Guitar
Dulcimer
Harp
Hurdy-gurdy
Lyre
Lute
Monochord
Piano
Psaltery
Rebec
Rote
Sitar
String drum
Ukulele
Veena
Vielle
Viol
Viola
Violin
See also[edit]
K'ni, Vietnam
Bro, Vietnam
Kafir harp
Kanklės, Lithuania
Koto, Japan
Guzheng, China
Yatga, Mongolia
Đàn tranh, Vietnam
Gayageum, Korea
References[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
Hornbostel–Sachs system
1. Idiophone
(list)
11. Struck
111. Directly
111.1. Concussion
111.2. Percussion
112. Indirectly
112.1. Shaken/rattle
112.2. Scraped/rasp
12. Plucked
121. Frame
121.1. Clack
121.2. Guimbarde
122. Comb
122.1. Lace (Mbira)
122.2. Cut out
13. Friction
131. Stick
Nail violin
132. Plaque
Musical saw
Daxophone
133. Vessel
Glass harmonica
14. Blown
141. Stick
142. Plaque
2. Membran-
ophone
(list)
21. Struck
211. Directly
211.1. Bowl
211.2. Tubular
211.3. Frame
212. Shaken
22. Plucked
Nyatiti
23. Friction
231. Stick
232. Cord
233. Hand
24. Kazoo
241. Free
242. Tube/vessel
3.
Chordophone
(list)
31. Simple
/ zither
311. Bar/stick
Musical bow
Stick zither
312. Tube
Whole
Half
313. Raft
Idiochord
Heterochord
314. Board
315. Trough
316. Frame
32.
Composite
321. Lute
321.1. Bow
321.2. Yoke
322. Harp
322.1. Open
322.2. Frame
323. Harp lute
4. Aerophone
(list)
41. Free
411. Displacement
Whip
412. Interruptive
412.1. Idiophonic/reed
412.2. Non-idiophonic
413. Plosive
42.
Non-free
421. Flute
421.1. Non-fipple
421.2. Fipple
422. Reed
422.1. Double reed
422.2. Single reed
422.3. Reedpipe
423. Brass
423.1 Natural
423.2 Chromatic
5.
Electrophone
(list)
51. Action
52. Amplification
53. Radioelectric
Theremin
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number
Musical instrument classification
[show]
v
t
e
Elementary organology
Aerophone
Gaiaphone
Chordophone
Idiophone
Membranophone
Hydraulophone
Plasmaphone
Quintephone
[show]
v
t
e
Musical strings, wires, and instruments (list/HS list)
Bow
Bridge
Third bridge
Chordophone
Course
Drone
Enharmonicity
Fingerboard
Fret
Fundamental/Harmonics/Overtones/String harmonic
Longitudinal wave
Long-string instrument
Melde's experiment
Mersenne's laws
Monochord
Music On A Long Thin Wire
Node
Re-entry
Scale length
Soundboard
Standing wave
String vibration
Transverse wave
Tuning peg
Monochords and
musical bows
Ahardin
Berimbau
Bladder fiddle
Boom-ba
Đàn bầu
Diddley bow
Duxianqin
Ektara
Ground bow
Ichigenkin
Japanese fiddle
Jaw harp
Genggong
Gogona
Khomuz
Kubing
Morsing
Mukkuri
Langeleik
Lesiba
Masenqo
Onavillu
Psalmodicon
Tromba marina
Tumbi
Umuduri
Washtub bass
Template:Xnxx
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text:
Chipko movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan was a forest conservation movement where people embraced the trees to prevent them from being cut. Chipko-type movements date back to 1730 AD when in kartikey kamboj village prasanna khamkar of Rajasthan, 363 Bishnois sacrificed their lives to save khejri trees. In modern India, it began in 1973 in Uttarakhand (then in Uttar Pradesh) and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world. It created a precedent for starting of nonviolent protest in India,[1] and its success meant that the world immediately took notice of this non-violent movement, which was to inspire in time many such eco-groups by helping to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, increase ecological awareness, and demonstrate the viability of people power. Above all, it stirred up the existing civil society in India, which began to address the issues of tribal and marginalized people.The chipko aandolan is a movement that practised methods of Satyagraha where both male and female activists from Uttarakhand played vital roles, including Gaura Devi, Suraksha Devi,Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
Today, beyond the eco-socialism hue, it is being seen increasingly as an ecofeminism movement. Although many of its leaders were men, women were not only its backbone, but also its mainstay, because they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation,[2] which led to a lack of firewood and fodder as well as water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years they also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement.[3][4][5] In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award.[6]
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Beginnings and organization
2 Far reaching effect
3 Participants
4 Legacy
5 References
5.1 Bibliography
6 External links
Background[edit]
Inspired by Jayaprakash Narayan and the Sarvodaya movement, In the year 1964 Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) ("Dasholi Society for Village Self-Rule"), was set up by Gandhian social worker Chandi Prasad Bhatt in Gopeshwar, with an aim to set up small industries using the resources of the forest. Their first project was a small workshop making farm tools for local use. Its name was later changed to DGSS from the original Dashauli Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) in the 1980s. Here they had to face restrictive forest policies, a hangover of colonial era still prevalent, as well as the "contractor system", in which these pieces of forest land were commodified and auctioned to big contractors, usually from the plains, who brought along their own skilled and semi-skilled laborers, leaving only the menial jobs like hauling rocks for the hill people, and paying them next to nothing. On the other hand, the hill regions saw an influx of more people from the outside, which only added to the already strained ecological balance.[7]
Hastened by increasing hardships, the Garhwal Himalayas[8][7] soon became the centre for a rising ecological awareness of how reckless deforestation had denuded much of the forest cover, resulting in the devastating Alaknanda River floods of July 1970, when a major landslide blocked the river and affected an area starting from Hanumanchatti, near Badrinath to 350 km downstream till Haridwar, further numerous villages, bridges and roads were washed away. Thereafter, incidences of landslides and land subsidence became common in an area which was experiencing a rapid increase in civil engineering projects.[9][10]
Beginnings and organization[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Soon villagers and women, began to organize themselves under several smaller groups, taking up local causes with the authorities, and standing up against commercial logging operations that threatened their livelihoods. In October 1971, the Sangha workers held a demonstration in Gopeshwar to protest against the policies of the Forest Department. More rallies and marches were held in late 1972, but to little effect, until a decision to take direct action was taken. The first such occasion occurred when the Forest Department turned down the Sangh's annual request for ten ash trees for its farm tools workshop, and instead awarded a contract for 300 trees to Simon Company, a sporting goods manufacturer in distant Allahabad, to make tennis racquets. In March 1973, the lumbermen arrived at Gopeshwar, and after a couple of weeks, they were confronted at village Mandal on 24 April 1973, where about hundred villagers and DGSS workers were beating drums and shouting slogans, thus forcing the contractors and their lumbermen to retreat.
This was the first confrontation of the movement, The contract was eventually cancelled and awarded to the Sangh instead. By now, the issue had grown beyond the mere procurement of an annual quota of the ash trees, and encompassed a growing concern over commercial logging and the government's forest policy, which the villagers saw as unfavorable towards them. The Sangh also decided to resort to tree-hugging, or Chipko, as a means of non-violent protest.
But the struggle was far from over, as the same company was awarded more ash trees, in the Phata forest, 80 km away from Gopeshwar. Here again, due to local opposition, starting on 20 June 1973, the contractors retreated after a stand-off that lasted a few days. Thereafter, the villagers of Phata and Tarsali formed a vigil group and watched over the trees until December, when they had another successful stand-off, when the activists reached the site in time. The lumbermen retreated leaving behind the five ash trees felled.
The final flash point began a few months later, when the government announced an auction scheduled in January 1974, for 2,500 trees near Reni village, overlooking the Alaknanda River. Bhatt set out for the villages in the Reni area, and incited the villagers, who decided to protest against the actions of the government by hugging the trees. Over the next few weeks, rallies and meetings continued in the Reni area.[11]
On 25 March 1974, the day the lumbermen were to cut the trees, the men of Reni village and DGSS workers were in Chamoli, diverted by state government and contractors to a fictional compensation payment site, while back home labourers arrived by the truckload to start logging operations.[1] A local girl, on seeing them, rushed to inform Gaura Devi, the head of the village Mahila Mangal Dal, at Reni village (Laata was her ancestral home and Reni adopted home). Gaura Devi led 27 of the village women to the site and confronted the loggers. When all talking failed, and the loggers started to shout and abuse the women, threatening them with guns, the women resorted to hugging the trees to stop them from being felled. This went on into late hours. The women kept an all-night vigil guarding their trees from the cutters until a few of them relented and left the village. The next day, when the men and leaders returned, the news of the movement spread to the neighbouring Laata and others villages including Henwalghati, and more people joined in. Eventually, only after a four-day stand-off, the contractors left.[11][12][13]
Far reaching effect[edit]
The news soon reached the state capital, where the then state Chief Minister, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, set up a committee to look into the matter, which eventually ruled in favour of the villagers. This became a turning point in the history of eco-development struggles in the region and around the world.
The struggle soon spread across many parts of the region, and such spontaneous stand-offs between the local community and timber merchants occurred at several locations, with hill women demonstrating their new-found power as non-violent activists. As the movement gathered shape under its leaders, the name Chipko movement was attached to their activities. According to Chipko historians, the term originally used by Bhatt was the word "angalwaltha" in the Garhwali language for "embrace", which later was adapted to the Hindi word, Chipko, which means to stick.[14] Over the next five years, the movement spread to many districts in the region, and within a decade throughout the Uttarakhand Himalayas. Larger issues of ecological and economic exploitation of the region were raised. The villagers demanded that no forest-exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders and local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water, and forests. They wanted the government to provide low-cost materials to small industries and ensure development of the region without disturbing the ecological balance. The movement took up economic issues of landless forest workers and asked for guarantees of minimum wage. Globally Chipko demonstrated how environment causes, up until then considered an activity of the rich, were a matter of life and death for the poor, who were all too often the first ones to be devastated by an environmental tragedy. Several scholarly studies were made in the aftermath of the movement.[1] In 1977, in another area, women tied sacred threads, Raksha Bandhan, around trees earmarked for felling in a Hindu tradition which signifies a bond between brother and sisters.[15]
Women's participation in the Chipko agitation was a very novel aspect of the movement. The forest contractors of the region usually doubled up as suppliers of alcohol to men. Women held sustained agitations against the habit of alcoholism and broadened the agenda of the movement to cover other social issues. The movement achieved a victory when the government issued a ban on felling of trees in the Himalayan regions for fifteen years in 1980 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, until the green cover was fully restored.[16] One of the prominent Chipko leaders, Gandhian Sunderlal Bahuguna, took a 5,000 kilometre trans-Himalaya foot march in 1981–83, spreading the Chipko message to a far greater area.[17] Gradually, women set up cooperatives to guard local forests, and also organized fodder production at rates conducive to local environment. Next, they joined in land rotation schemes for fodder collection, helped replant degraded land, and established and ran nurseries stocked with species they selected.[18]
Participants[edit]
Participants of the first all-woman Chipko action at Reni village in 1974 on left jen wadas, reassembled thirty years later.
One of Chipko's most salient features was the mass participation of female villagers.[19] As the backbone of Uttarakhand's Agrarian economy, women were most directly affected by environmental degradation and deforestation, and thus related to the issues most easily. How much this participation impacted or derived from the ideology of Chipko has been fiercely debated in academic circles.[20]
Despite this, both female and male activists did play pivotal roles in the movement including Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Sundarlal Bahuguna, Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh Neji, Shamsher Singh Bisht and Ghanasyam Raturi, the Chipko poet, whose songs are still popular in the Himalayan region.[17] Out of which, Chandi Prasad Bhatt was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982,[21] and Sundarlal Bahuguna was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2009.
Legacy[edit]
In Tehri District, Chipko activists would go on to protest limestone mining in the Doon Valley (Dehra Dun) in the 1980s, as the movement spread through the Dehradun district, which had earlier seen deforestation of its forest cover leading to heavy loss of flora and fauna. Finally quarrying was banned after years of agitation by Chipko activists, followed by a vast public drive for afforestation, which turned around the valley, just in time. Also in the 1980s, activists like Bahuguna protested against construction of the Tehri dam on the Bhagirathi River, which went on for the next two decades, before founding the Beej Bachao Andolan, the Save the Seeds movement, that continues to the present day.
Over time, as a United Nations Environment Programme report mentioned, Chipko activists started "working a socio-economic revolution by winning control of their forest resources from the hands of a distant bureaucracy which is only concerned with the selling of forestland for making urban-oriented products". The Chipko movement became a benchmark for socio-ecological movements in other forest areas of Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar; in September 1983, Chipko inspired a similar, Appiko movement in Karnataka state of India, where tree felling in the Western Ghats and Vindhyas was stopped. In Kumaon region, Chipko took on a more radical tone, combining with the general movement for a separate Uttarakhand state, which was eventually achieved in 2001
In recent years, the movement not only inspired numerous people to work on practical programmes of water management, energy conservation, afforestation, and recycling, but also encouraged scholars to start studying issues of environmental degradation and methods of conservation in the Himalayas and throughout India.[22]
On 26 March 2004, Reni, Laata, and other villages of the Niti Valley celebrated the 30th anniversary of the Chipko movement, where all the surviving original participants united. The celebrations started at Laata, the ancestral home of Gaura Devi, where Pushpa Devi, wife of late Chipko Leader Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh Negi, Chipko leader of Henwalghati, Tehri Garhwal, and others were celebrated. From here a procession went to Reni, the neighbouring village, where the actual Chipko action took place on 26 March 1974.[11] This marked the beginning of worldwide methods to improve the present situation. Recently, by following the legacy of the Chipko movement, in 2017 rapid deforestation over the century-old trees, forming almost a canopy in Jessore Road of the district of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, has also flicked off a huge movement in the form of the campaign of saving 4000 trees by the local masses.
On 26 March 2018, Chipko movement a conservation initiative was marked by Google Doodle[23] on its 45th[24] anniversary.
Also, locals of Delhi with a major support of NGOs initiated another Chipko movement in Delhi to avoid cutting of 16500 trees and saved Delhi from making worst GAS CHAMBER.
=
Research and Education]]
List of forest research institutes in India
Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Forest Science Centres
Khejarli
Bishnoi
Van Mahotsav
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Box 5: Women defend the trees Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Global Environment Outlook, GEO Year Book 2004/5, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Jump up ^ The women of Chipko Staying alive: ecology, and development, by Vandana Shiva, Published by Zed Books, 1988. ISBN 0-86232-823-3. Page 67
Jump up ^ The Chipko Movement Politics in the developing world: a concise introduction, by Jeffrey Haynes. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. ISBN 0-631-22556-0. Page 229.
Jump up ^ Chipko Movement The Future of the Environment: The Social Dimensions of Conservation and Ecological Alternatives, by David C. Pitt. Published by Routledge, 1988. ISBN 0-415-00455-1. Page 112.
Jump up ^ Dankelman, Irene; Davidson, Joan (1988). "[Studying Chipko Movement – ] Pakistani Women Visit India's Environmental NGOs". Women and Environment in the Third World: Alliance for the Future. London: Earthscan. p. 129. ISBN 1-85383-003-8. OCLC 17547228. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Chipko Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Right Livelihood Award Official website.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hug the Trees!" – Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Gaura Devi, and the Chipko Movement Archived 4 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. By Mark Shepard. Gandhi Today: A Report on Mahatma Gandhi’s Successors, Simple Productions, Arcata, California, 1987, reprinted by Seven Locks Press, Washington, D.C., 1987.
Jump up ^ Starting.. Of myths and movements: rewriting Chipko into Himalayan history, by Haripriya Rangan. Published by Verso, 2001. ISBN 1-85984-305-0. Page 4-5.
Jump up ^ Ecological crisis Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution and Profit, by Vandana Shiva. Published by Pluto Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7453-1837-1. Page 3.
Jump up ^ Landslides and Floods Archived 1 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Pauri district website.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chipko 30th Anniversary Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Nanda Devi Campaign.
Jump up ^ Chipko! – Hill conservationists[permanent dead link] Tehelka, 11 September 2004.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ A Gandhian in Garhwal The Hindu, Sunday, 2 June 2002.
Jump up ^ The Chipko Movement: India’s Call to Save Their Forests Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. womeninworldhistory.com.
Jump up ^ Bahuguna, the sentinel of Himalayas Archived 4 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. by Harihar Swarup, The Tribune, 8 July 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Chipko Movement – India International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). December 2007.
Jump up ^ India: the Chipko movement Archived 23 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Jump up ^ Mishra, A., & Tripathi, (1978). Chipko movement: Uttaranchal women's bid to save forest wealth. New Delhi: People's Action/Gandhi Book House.
Jump up ^ Aryal, M. (1994, January/February). Axing Chipko. Himal, 8–23.
Jump up ^ Citation for the 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership Archived 1 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Ramon Magsaysay Award website.
Jump up ^ Chipko ..the first modern Indian environmentalist, and also to being the greatest... Archived 2 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Ramchandra Guha, The Telegraph, 4 September 2004.
Jump up ^ "Today's 'Google Doodle' marks 45th anniversary of Chipko Movement, a conservation initiative - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Google honours 45th Chipko Movement anniversary with a doodle". The Economic Times. 26 March 2018. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Bibliography[edit]
Anupam Mishra, Satyendra Tripathi: Chipko movement: Uttarakhand women's bid to save forest wealth. Pub. by People's Action, 1978.
JShiva]]: Chipko: India's Civilisational Response to the Forest Crisis. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. Pub. by INTACH, 1986.
J. Bandopadhyay and Vandana Shiva: "The Chipko Movement Against Limestone Quarrying in Doon Valley" in: Lokayan Bulletin, 5 : 3, 1987, pp. 19–25 online
Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, Viking, 1988.
Somen Chakraborty: A Critique of Social Movements in India: Experiences of Chipko, Uttarakhand, and Fishworkers' Movement, Published by Indian Social Institute, 1999. ISBN 81-87218-06-1.
Guha, Ramachandra: The Unquiet woods : ecological change and peasant resistance in the Himalaya, Berkeley, Calif. [etc.] : University of California Press, Expanded edition 2000.[page needed]
Rangan, Haripriya : Of Myths and movements : rewriting Chipko into Himalayan history, London [etc.]: Verso, 2000. ISBN 1-85984-305-0. Excerpts
Chapter 4 – Hug the Trees Gandhi today: a report on Mahatma Gandhi's successors, by Mark Shepard. Published by Shepard Publications, 1987. ISBN 0-938497-04-9.
Chapter 4 – The Chipko movement Ecology and the Politics of Survival: Conflicts Over Natural Resources in India, by Vandana Shiva. United Nations University Press. Sage Publications. 1991. ISBN 0-8039-9672-1.
External links[edit]
Standing up for trees: Women's role in the Chipko Movement at FAO (United Nations)
Resources on Chipko movement
Chipko Heritage
The Chipko movement and women
Reports and Insights on Chipko movement
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chipko_movement&oldid=852367223"
Categories:
Environment of Uttarakhand
Environmental movements
Chamoli district
Conservation in India
Environmentalism in India
Forestry in India
History of environmentalism
History of Uttarakhand (1947–present)
Social history of India
Social movements in India
Women in forestry
Women in India
1974 in India
Trees
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Ever Carradine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ever Carradine
Born
Ever Dawn Carradine
(1974-08-06) August 6, 1974 (age 43)
Los Angeles, California, United States
Alma mater
Lewis & Clark College
Spouse(s)
Coby Brown
(m. 2005–present; 2 children)
Children
2
Ever Dawn Carradine (born August 6, 1974) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Tiffany Porter on Once and Again and as Kelly Ludlow on Commander in Chief.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Filmography
4 References
5 External links
Early life[edit]
Carradine was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Susan Snyder, a horse trainer's assistant, and actor Robert Carradine.[1][2] She has two half-siblings, Marika Reed Carradine and Ian Alexander Carradine. A number of other members of the Carradine family are also actors, including her grandfather John Carradine, and uncles Keith Carradine and David Carradine. She is also a cousin of Martha Plimpton. Carradine played volleyball and skied during her time at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon. She started as an anthropology major, later following her family by switching to a theater major midway through college.
Carradine and husband Coby Brown welcomed a daughter, Chaplin Haddow Brown, on August 9, 2010.[3]. In 2015 they welcomed their second child, a son, Samuel.
Career[edit]
After graduating from Lewis & Clark in 1996, she returned to Los Angeles and appeared in several television shows including Diagnosis: Murder, Tracey Takes On..., and The Sentinel. In 1998, she received her first recurring guest role as Rosalie, a love interest on Party of Five. She appeared as Pepper, a ditzy assistant on Veronica's Closet. In 2003, she got her first regular series role on Lucky, an FX drama about a professional poker player living in Las Vegas.
She starred in the film Dead & Breakfast and has appeared in films such as Bubble Boy, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, and Lucky 13. She appeared on the show Once and Again from 2001 to 2002, and on Commander in Chief from 2005 to 2006. She has had recurring guest roles on the shows Major Crimes (as Rusty's biological mother), Veronica's Closet, Party of Five, and Women's Murder Club. She has also appeared in television shows such as House, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, CSI, Will & Grace, Just Shoot Me!, and 24.
She had a recurring role on the TV series Eureka, on Showtime's Shameless, and guested on an episode of Rizzoli & Isles. She appears in the Amazon series Goliath. She portrays the character of Linda on the television show Code Black.
In 2008, she was a judge at the 2nd annual Noor Iranian Film Festival.[citation needed]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Foxfire Girl in Printshop
1999 Lost and Found Ginger
2000 Ropewalk Melissa
2001 Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Jay's Mother
2001 Bubble Boy Lisa
2002 Robbing 'Hef Candice
2002 Life Without Dick Tina
2003 My Boss's Daughter Julie
2004 Dead & Breakfast Sara
2005 Lucky 13 Gretchen
2005 Constellation Celeste Korngold
2013 Truck Stop Lois
2013 Guns for Hire Athena
2013 Frank vs. God Rachel Levin
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Diagnosis: Murder Debbie Episode: "Murder Can Be Murder"
1997 Born Into Exile Hooker TV film
1997 Sentinel, TheThe Sentinel Greta Episode: "Private Eyes"
1997 Tracey Takes On... Young Woman Episode: "Movies"
1997 Alright Already Salesgirl Episode: "Again with the Black Box"
1997–1998 Veronica's Closet Pepper 8 episodes
1998 Party of Five Rosalie 6 episodes
1998 Conrad Bloom Nina Bloom 12 episodes
1999 Chicks Vera TV film
1999–2002 Once and Again Tiffany Porter 19 episodes
2000 Just Shoot Me! Gwen Episode: "Hot Nights in Paris"
2000 Nikki Patti Episode: "Fierce"
2000 Will & Grace Pam Episode: "Lows in the Mid-Eighties"
2001 3rd Rock from the Sun Cheryl Episode: "Dick's Ark"
2002 Couples Beth TV film
2003 Lucky Theresa 3 episodes
2004 Line of Fire Kelly Sorenson Episode: "The Best-Laid Plans"
2004 House Karen Hartig Episode: "Maternity"
2004 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Faye Minden Episode: "Eleven Angry Jurors"
2005 Grey's Anatomy Athena Episode: "The Self-Destruct Button"
2005–2006 Commander in Chief Kelly Ludlow 19 episodes
2006 Men in Trees Liza Frist Episode: "Ladies Frist"
Episode: "New York Fiction: Part 1"
2007 Cleaverville Grace TV film
2007 Law & Order: Criminal Intent Jolene Episode: "Bombshell"
2007–2008 Women's Murder Club Heather Donnelly 5 episodes
2008 Madness of Jane, TheThe Madness of Jane Jane TV film
2008–2009 Eureka Lexi Carter 8 episodes
2009 See Kate Run Abby Sullivan TV film
2009 24 Erika 5 episodes
2009 Supernatural Julia Wright Episode: "I Believe the Children Are Our Future"
2009 Private Practice Kara Episode: "The Hard Part"
2010 Castle Mirielle Lefcourt Episode: "Murder Most Fowl"
2011 Mentalist, TheThe Mentalist Cheryl Meade Episode: "Red Gold"
2011 Rizzoli & Isles Randi Gordon Episode: "Living Proof"
2012 Finder, TheThe Finder Agent Judy Green Episode: "The Great Escape"
2012 Breakout Kings Claire Lyons Episode: "I Smell Emmy"
2012 Drop Dead Diva Ramona Episode: "Winning Ugly"
2013 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Dr. Darcy Shaw Episode: "Double Fault"
2013 Bones Delores Martin Episode: "The Friend in Need"
2014–2016 Major Crimes Sharon Beck 10 episodes
2015 Backstrom Lucy Harms Episode: "I Like to Watch"
2015 The Devil You Know Ann Putnam Sr. Pilot
2016 Shameless Erica 4 episodes
2016 Goliath Rachel Kennedy 5 episodes
2016 Code Black Linda 2 episodes
2017 The Handmaid's Tale Naomi Putnam 5 episodes
2018 Runaways Janet Stein
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Robert Carradine Biography (1954-)". Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ever Carradine Biography (1974-)". Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ever Carradine Welcomes Daughter Chaplin Haddow". People (magazine). August 13, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
External links[edit]
Ever Carradine on IMDb
Ever Carradine at AllMovie
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 106900197
LCCN: no2010010834
ISNI: 0000 0000 7498 7208
BNF: cb15103312k (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ever_Carradine&oldid=798310103"
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text:
It Ain't Over 'til It's Over
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Fast Eddie Clarke album, see It Ain't Over till It's Over.
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over"
Single by Lenny Kravitz
from the album Mama Said
Released
June 6, 1991
Format
7"
12"
CD
Genre
Soul
funk
soft rock
pop
Length
3:55
Label
Virgin
Songwriter(s)
Lenny Kravitz
Producer(s)
Lenny Kravitz
Lenny Kravitz singles chronology
"Always on the Run"
(1991) "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over"
(1991) "Stand by My Woman"
(1992)
"Always on the Run"
(1991) "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over"
(1991) "Stand by My Woman"
(1992)
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" is a song recorded, written, and produced by American musician Lenny Kravitz for his second studio album, Mama Said (1991). Released as the album's second single in June 1991, the song is a mid-tempo ballad, musically inspired by Motown, Philly soul, and Earth, Wind & Fire (particularly "That's the Way of the World"). The horn line at the end is performed by the Phenix Horns from Earth, Wind & Fire. "That song just came out one day, and I knew it had a classic vibe. And I still love that song very much today", Kravitz said in an interview for VivaMusic.com in 2000.[1] The line is based on a Yogiism, or quotation from Yogi Berra: "It ain't over 'til it's over."[2] It was Kravitz's first top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 of his career, and his highest peak in the chart. English singer Mutya Buena's 2007 song "Real Girl" contains a sample from "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over".
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
2 Music video
3 Personnel
4 Track listings and formats
5 Chart performance
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 References
7 External links
Chart performance[edit]
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" is Kravitz's most successful single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart to date, peaking at number two behind Bryan Adams' "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You". It was also popular in the United Kingdom, where it reached number eleven.
Music video[edit]
The music video, directed by Jesse Dylan, features Kravitz and his band performing the song. It also featured a violin section, which performs the main song riff. In the studio, Kravitz plays all the instruments, apart from the string and horn sections. Different kinds of background lighting colors were featured in the video.
Personnel[edit]
Lenny Kravitz – vocals, guitar, electric piano, bass, electric sitar, drums
Phenix Horns – horns
Track listings and formats[edit]
CD single and 12" single
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" – 3:55
"I'll Be Around" – 2:52
"The Difference Is Why" – 4:48
7" single
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" – 3:55
"The Difference Is Why" – 4:48
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1991)[3][4]
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[5] 10
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[6] 25
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[7] 20
Canada (RPM Singles Chart)[8] 2
France (SNEP)[9] 29
Germany (Official German Charts)[10] 43
Irish Albums (IRMA)[11] 14
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[12] 12
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[13] 5
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[14] 21
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[15] 11
US Billboard Hot 100[16] 2
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[17] 5
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[18] 10
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Rank
Canadian RPM Singles Chart[19] 16
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary[20] 60
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[21] 44
US Billboard Hot 100[22] 36
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Lenny Kravitz Grammy Awards!". Lenny-Kravitz.com. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
Jump up ^ See Examples of Yogiisms.
Jump up ^ "Mama Said > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over – swisscharts.com". SwissCharts.com. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 54, No. 12, August 24, 1991". RPM. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts". IRMA. Archived from the original on 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'til It's Over". Singles Top 100. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Chart Stats – Lenny Kravitz – It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over". Chart Stats. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Jump up ^ "Lenny Kravitz Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lenny Kravitz Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lenny Kravitz Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 55, No. 3, December 21, 1991". RPM. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
Jump up ^ http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1706&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1706.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1706
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1991". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1991". Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
External links[edit]
It Ain't Over 'til It's Over official video on YouTube
[hide]
v
t
e
Lenny Kravitz singles
Let Love Rule
"Let Love Rule" (1989)
"I Build This Garden for Us" (1990)
"Mr. Cab Driver" (1990)
Mama Said
"Always on the Run" (featuring Slash) (1991)
"It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (1991)
"Fields of Joy" (1991)
Are You Gonna Go My Way
"Are You Gonna Go My Way" (1993)
"Heaven Help" (1993)
"Heaven Help" / "Spinning Around Over You" (1994)
Circus
"Rock and Roll Is Dead" (1995)
5
"If You Can't Say No" (1998)
"Thinking of You" (1998)
"I Belong to You" (1998)
"Fly Away" (1998)
"American Woman" (1999)
"Black Velveteen" (1999)
Greatest Hits
"Black Velveteen" (1999)
"Again" (2000)
Lenny
"Dig In" (2001)
"Stillness of Heart" (2002)
"Believe in Me" (2002)
"If I Could Fall in Love" (2002)
Baptism
"Where Are We Runnin'?" (2004)
"California" (2004)
"Calling All Angels" (2004)
"Lady" (2005)
It Is Time for a Love Revolution
"I'll Be Waiting" (2008)
"Love Love Love" (2008)
"Dancin' Til Dawn" (2008)
Black and White America
"Stand" (2011)
Strut
"The Chamber" (2014)
Raise Vibration
"Are You Going To Be My Girl" (2017)
Soundtracks
"American Woman" (1999)
Other singles
"Deuce" (featuring Stevie Wonder) (1994)
"(I Can't Make It) Another Day" (featuring Michael Jackson) (2010)
"Superlove" (vs. Avicii) (2012)
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=It_Ain%27t_Over_%27til_It%27s_Over&oldid=815205200"
Categories:
1990s ballads
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Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Australia
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