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LV Strip (Nevada gaming area)
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The LV Strip is one of the designated Nevada Gaming Control Boards reporting areas. It consists of the Las Vegas Strip casinos and many of the surrounding casinos.[1] The Strip earns roughly 50% of the gaming revenue from all sources for the state of Nevada.
For the previous 12 months ending 31 August 2009, the Las Vegas Strip earns 83.6% of the pit revenue in Clark County, and 50.6% of the gaming revenue from other sources (slot machines, sports bet, parimutuel, etc.).
Penny slot machines is the only categories of gaming devices where revenue is increasing. After decades of being the top earning game in the pit, blackjack was surpassed by baccarat for the previous 12 months ending 31 August 2009. In August 2009, the game of baccarat was responsible for over 50% of the pit gaming revenue for the Strip which surpassed the game's contribution in the month of February during Chinese New Year.
Since 1999, non-gaming revenue at the Strip casinos exceeds gaming revenue. In more traditional gaming areas like Downtown Las Vegas or Laughlin gaming is still the primary revenue source.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gaming revenue of Strip casinos
1.1 North Strip
1.2 Casino revenue in fiction
1.3 Distribution of total revenue of Strip casinos high to low
1.4 Change in revenue
2 Hotel / casino development construction bulletin
3 References
Gaming revenue of Strip casinos[edit]
Financial information is provided to show where the source of gaming revenue comes from (slots revenue, vs. pit revenue, etc.). Current data it is contrasted for the year ending Oct 2007 when revenue peaked.[2][3] The other-pit category is all the other table games like Bingo, Keno, Let it Ride, Mini-Baccarat, Pai-Gow, Pai-Gow Poker, 3-Card Poker, Caribbean Stud, Sports Book, Racing Book, and so forth.
Gaming Revenue in USD Thousands For Year Ending:
Source
30 Nov 2009
31 Oct 2007
Twenty-One $741,594 $1,078,626
Baccarat $891,597 $970,726
Craps $251,635 $318,855
Roulette $260,515 $303,385
Other-PIT $475,885 $663,137
Poker $85,596 $97,114
Slots $2,815,438 $3,513,608
Total $5,522,260 $6,945,451
The year ending August 2009 is the first year that Baccarat has had higher revenue than Twenty One (or Blackjack). Although Baccarat is played in other areas of Nevada besides the Strip, 99.2% of the Baccarat revenue in the state is from the Strip.
Aria Casino had not yet opened in FY09.
Las Vegas Strip Casinos with Gaming Revenue over $72 million per year
INDEPENDENT
MGM Mirage
Caesars Entertainment Corporation
Wynn Resorts Bellagio (hotel and casino) Caesars Palace
The Venetian MGM Grand Las Vegas Harrah's Las Vegas
Palace Station Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino Flamingo Las Vegas
Palms Casino Resort Luxor Las Vegas Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino
Las Vegas Hilton Excalibur Hotel and Casino Imperial Palace Hotel and Casino
Treasure Island Hotel and Casino New York-New York Hotel & Casino Bally's Las Vegas
Gold Coast Hotel and Casino Monte Carlo Resort and Casino Paris
The Mirage Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino
Palazzo operated under the same license as the Venetian for this year.
Las Vegas Strip Casinos with Gaming Revenue under $72 million per year
$36–$72
$12–$36
$1–$12
Tropicana Hooters Ellis Island
Riviera Airport Slot Concession Wild Wild West
Sahara Casino Royale Casuarina
Hard Rock Slots-A-Fun
Tuscany
Bill's Gamblin' Hall
Terrible's
Circus Circus Las Vegas
The Nevada Gaming Commission's definition of the LV Strip reporting area includes casinos surrounding the Strip.
Clark County Casinos with Rooms (over $1m) for fiscal year 2008
Category
Per Room
Revenue
Rooms
Rented
Occup
Strip > $72m $156.41 $3,797,326,096 25,529,460 24,277,794 95.1%
Strip < $72m $89.78 $272,680,274 3,493,628 3,037,058 86.9%
Rest of County $61.47 $618,206,516 12,672,369 10,056,881 79.4%
The gaming abstract as published only says there are 38 casinos that are in the Gaming Commission's definition of the Strip, the individual names of those casinos are not published since it is not permitted under state law.
At least 9 of the 23 casinos currently on the over $72 million list existed before 1989. Some of the older casinos, like the Tropicana in previous years may have earned more than $72 million a year in gaming revenue, but have since dropped below that amount. The gaming commission does not adjust the $72 million from year to year.
Outside of the Strip there are 22 licenses in the rest of the state of Nevada that earn more than $72 million per year apiece in gaming revenue. The casinos locations are: 1 in Lake Tahoe, 5 in Reno, 3 in Laughlin and 13 in other parts of the Las Vegas urban area such as downtown Las Vegas, Summerlin, North Las Vegas, Henderson and Paradise.
North Strip[edit]
The North Strip is the unofficial name of the first mile of Las Vegas Blvd. just outside the Last Vegas City Limits, corresponding to Winchester, Nevada. This section of the Strip currently includes five budget resorts, like the Sahara Hotel, Circus Circus Las Vegas, Slots-A-Fun Casino, the Riviera Hotel and Casino and the Greek Isles Hotel and Casino. Collectively they have less than 200 table games, 4200 slots, 31 poker tables and less than 8000 hotel rooms. Also numerous time shares have been built in this region.
The North Strip was planned to be rebuilt as an upscale gambling district comparable to center Strip. Billions of dollars were invested in land speculation. The former Stardust Resort & Casino and New Frontier Hotel and Casino were imploded in anticipation of new development.
Many new resorts Las Vegas Plaza, Crown Las Vegas, Echelon Place, an unnamed joint MGM & Kerzner project,[4] and the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas planned for development, but all these projects are in various stages of bankruptcy or incomplete status. In addition a major redevelopment and expansion of the Sahara Hotel and Casino and the Stratosphere Las Vegas were put on hold.[citation needed]
The Triple Five Group was in the process of trying to assemble 27.3 acres (110,000 m2) of North Strip land just south of the Riviera Casino. By April 2008, they had acquired 13.7 acres (55,000 m2) at a cost of $380 million. They applied to the FAA for height clearance for eight 572' towers.
Another project announced was the construction of a Marriott Marquis on land currently occupied by a Residence Inn and a Courtyard Inn belonging to Marriott corporation.
The Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas was the most visible failure as it topped out the tallest building in Las Vegas before going bankrupt. Initial offers for selling the uncompleted tower are far less than the raw land value from two years ago. The Echelon also got as far as erecting steel girders up as high as the eighth floor for several buildings. The owners, Boyd Gaming sold the property to the Malaysian company Genting. They plan on opening Resorts World Hotel and Casino in 2018. The style will be Chinese themed.
Casino revenue in fiction[edit]
In the movie Ocean's Thirteen, the lead character, Danny Ocean, is describing a new ultra-luxurious casino opening on the Strip. He states that the big casinos on the Strip take in $3 million a day just from the casino floor, and this new resort is aiming for $5 million. In reality, the two largest corporate operations in Las Vegas, MGM Mirage and Harrah's Entertainment, in the first quarter of 2009, brought in $5.9 million and $4.1 million per day, respectively, in gaming revenue alone, but this was from all their Las Vegas Strip resorts combined. MGM Mirage currently owns nine Strip resorts, and Harrah's owns eight with one being a minor property originally intended to be a tear-down. No single casino operation has ever brought in close to $3 million a day from the casino floor alone, and the NVGC uses the qualification of greater than $200,000 per day ($72 million per year) as a grouping for reporting purposes.
Distribution of total revenue of Strip casinos high to low[edit]
The Nevada Gaming Commission (NGC) publishes annual information about total revenue including gaming, hotel rooms, food & beverage, and attractions. If the casinos are numbered with #1 being the highest grossing casino then the following show the total revenue, for the period 1 July 2008 through 30 June 2009.
TOTAL REVENUE (GAMING + etc.)
$759,063,730 is revenue for casino #6
$571,415,161 is average of casino #10 and #11
$390,381,914 is revenue for casino #12
$266,022,372 is revenue for casino #18
$246,291,317 is average of casinos #20 and #21
The NGC does not publish data for individual casinos. But based on the size, age, and relative luxury of the casinos an analyst can guess the top six.
Venetian & Palazzo operated under one license
Wynn Casino (Encore had not opened yet)
Caesars Palace
Bellagio
MGM Grand Hotel
Mandalay Bay & THE Hotel operated under one license
Harrah's Entertainment Corporation only reports aggregate numbers for regions, but their flagship property, Caesar's Palace, is clearly the biggest moneymaker in their portfolio. Harrah's earns 54% of their revenue from the casinos, unlike MGM-Mirage which earns 38% of their revenue (before promotional allowances) from the casino floor.
Harrah's & MGM Yearly Earnings from Las Vegas Properties
Company 2009 2008 2007 2006
Harrah's $2,698.00 $3,254.30 $3,626.70 $3,267.20
MGM $4,656.87 $5,889.08 $6,473.79 $6,227.77
Both companies are experiencing 20% drops for Calendar Year 2009 vs 2008. MGM-MIRAGE sold their Strip casino Treasure Island in 2009. The revenue from TI for a portion of 2009 is not included in the total. Revenue reported by MGM-Mirage for the year ending 31 December 2004 for top Las Vegas casinos owned at this time. Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur, Circus Circus, and Monte Carlo were acquired at a later date.
MGM Casino
#
Revenue from 2009
Revenue from 2004
Bellagio 1 $1,064,729 $1,068,517
MGM Grand LV 2 $976,261 $860,778
Mandalay Bay 3 $725,129
The Mirage 4 $624,132 $566,276
Luxor 5 $344,722
Excalibur 6 $265,076
New York-New York 7 $250,055 $337,198
Monte Carlo 8 $206,377
Circus Circus 9 $200,385
Total $4,656,866
Change in revenue[edit]
The revenue for the Strip is contrasted with that of the state of Nevada. Gaming Revenue went flat for 3.5 years from July 2000 through January 2004, partly because of the downturn after 9/11. For the four years from January 2004 to January 2008 gaming revenue increased by a third. During this time, the only new casino to open on the Strip was Wynn Resort, and a new hotel tower opened on Mandalay Bay. Several dozen new casinos were planned. Finally, when the Palazzo casino opened in January 2008, gaming revenue was starting to fall. The Palazzo was followed by Palms Place, Trump Tower, Wynn Encore, The Cannery, The M Resort, and the yet to open MGM City Center and Fountainbleau. Also numerous new condominiums, and hotel towers were added to existing casinos.
Multi Year Stats for Total Revenue
Data through 30 July 2009
In fiscal year 1990 (1 July 1989- 30 June 1990), the Commission reported a total of 13 casinos on the Strip that earned more than $72 million per year in gaming revenue. The first modern mega-resort, The Mirage, opened about halfway through this fiscal year and the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino opened 8 weeks later. Presumably some of the casinos in this category have since been imploded in favor of newer resorts. At that time the average gaming revenue was $129.2 million per year and non-gaming revenue was $97.8 million (for an average of $227 million total revenue). Non-Gaming revenue has since surpassed gaming revenue for the Las Vegas Strip.
In 2008 Cash sales of Food and Beverage come fairly close to covering the raw cost of sales, and the departmental expenses. In 1990 both food and beverage were sold at a loss. Complimentary food and beverage is shown as well (everything relative to the raw cost of sales).
In 1990 Room Sales only slightly exceeded departmental expenses and complimentary rooms. In 2008 room sales far exceed expenses and comps. Amounts are shown in millions of dollars. The statistics are contrasted with those of Downtown Las Vegas where cash sales are still not much higher than the departmental expenses plus the cost of the comped rooms.
Hotel / casino development construction bulletin[edit]
The Las Vegas Convention Center website posts a monthly update to the planned construction for the Las Vegas metropolitan area for the future.[5] In the four years between 2003 and 2007 there was a cumulative addition of 1,444 rooms to Las Vegas. The major openings were Wynn Las Vegas and THE Hotel at Mandalay Bay, which were offset by the implosion of several resorts like New Frontier, The Stardust, Bourbon Street, and Castaways. During the same four years visitor volume increased by 3.66 million or 10.3% and gaming revenue in Clark county increased by $3 billion or 38.8%. On many weekends there was insufficient room supply to meet demand. However, once the new rooms opened the recession hit.
Las Vegas Construction for 2008–2012
Name of Property
Location
Completion
Cost
(Millions)
Convention
(Sq Ft)
Timeshares
Rooms
TOTAL 2008: $6,642 209,644 1,268 8,661
TOTAL 2009: $11,606 557,622 1,121 8,627
TOTAL 2010: $3,925 226,000 400 3,993
TOTAL 2011: 107
TOTAL 2012: 97
Las Vegas Construction for 2008 and 2009
Name of Property
Location
Completion
Cost
(Millions)
Convention
(Sq Ft)
Timeshares
Rooms
The Palazzo Resort
Hotel Casino 3339 Las Vegas Blvd S 17-Jan-08 $1,900 3,066
MGM Grand Hotel &
Casino expansion 3799 Las Vegas Blvd South 25-Jan-08 92,000
Marriott's Grand Chateau
phase 2 75 E Harmon Ave 29-Feb-08 200
Nevada Palace closure 5255 Boulder Highway 29-Feb-08 -104
Odgen House
closed for redeveloping 651 Ogden Ave 29-Feb-08 -101
Trump International Hotel
and Tower Las Vegas 2000 Fashion Show Dr 31-Mar-08 $600 2,460 1,282
Palms Place 4321 West Flamingo 31-Mar-08 $650 2,500 400
MonteLago Village
Resort expansion 30 Strada Di Villaggio 10-Apr-08 3,829
Homewood Suites by Hilton 230 Hidden Well Rd 8-May-08 1,500 147
World Mark III, The Club 5275 W. Tropicana Ave. 15-May-08 208
Microtel Inn & Suites
phase 2 55 E. Robindale Rd. 13-Jun-08 1,000 35
South Point Hotel
expansion 9777 S. Las Vegas Blvd 28-Jul-08 $95 10,000 807
Tahiti Village
Vacation Club phase 2 7200 Las Vegas Blvd South 15-Aug-08 $135 510 --
Staybridge Suites 5735 Dean Martin Drive 27-Aug-08 118
Eastside Cannery
(Site of Nevada Palace) 5255 Boulder Hwy 28-Aug-08 $250 20,000 307
Bluegreen Club #36 372 E. Tropicana 28-Aug-08 350 120
Aliante Station Casino and Hotel 215 & Aliante Pkwy 11-Nov-08 $662 14,000 202
Hampton Inn Las Vegas North Speedway 2852 E. Craig Rd. 15-Dec-08 650 96
element Las Vegas Summerlin 10555 Discovery Drive 18-Dec-08 $25 441 123
Hampton Inn & Suites
Las Vegas Airport 6575 S. Eastern Ave. 18-Dec-08 $25 1,264 129
Encore Las Vegas 3131 Las Vegas Blvd S 22-Dec-08 $2,300 60,000 2,034
TOTAL 2008: $6,642 209,644 1,268 8,661
Comfort Inn & Suites 475 Marks St. 1-Jan-09 127
M Resort, Spa, and Casino 12300 Las Vegas Blvd South 1-Mar-09 $1,000 60,000 390
Cabana Suites
(formerly Odgen House) 651 Ogden Ave 4-May-09 $6 64
The Grandview at Las Vegas
tower 4 9940 Las Vegas Blvd S 17-May-09 400
Marriott TownePlace Suites 1471 Paseo Verde 17-Jun-09 112
Caesars Palace expansion 3570 Las Vegas Blvd S 13-Jul-09 110,000
Hard Rock Hotel
expansion and redevelopment 4455 Paradise Road 31-Jul-09 $750 60,000 490
Marriott Spring Hill Suites
Henderson/Green Valley 1481 Paseo Verde 1-Sep-09 120
Marvin Garden closure 5125 S. Swenson Rd. 30-Sep-09 -250
Airport Inn & Suites closure 5100 Paradise Rd. 30-Sep-09 -100
Marriott Spring Hill Suites
Las Vegas Convention Center 2989 Paradise Rd 14-Oct-09 4,522 299
Golden Nugget expansion 129 E. Fremont St 20-Nov-09 $150 500
CityCenter (MGM Mirage) 67 acres (270,000 m2) on west side of LVB $8,500
Vdara Hotel & Spa 2600 W. Harmon Ave 1-Dec-09 10,000 1,495
Mandarin Oriental 3752 Las Vegas Blvd 4-Dec-09 12,000 392
ARIA Resort & Casino 3730 Las Vegas Blvd 16-Dec-09 300,000 4,004
Planet Hollywood
Towers by Westgate 3667 Las Vegas Blvd South 28-Dec-09 $1,200 721 480
Holiday Inn Las Vegas 4055 Palos Verdes St. 28-Dec-09 1,100 129
Hard Rock Hotel
expansion and redevelopment 4455 Paradise Road 28-Dec-09 375
TOTAL 2009: $11,606 557,622 1,121 8,627
Since so much was constructed in 2008 and 2009 there is very little planned for the near future.
Las Vegas Planned Construction as of 4 November 2009
Name of Property
Location
Completion
Cost
(Millions)
Convention
(Sq Ft)
Timeshares
Rooms
Planet Hollywood Towers by Westgate 3667 Las Vegas Blvd South Q1 2010 35,000 0
La Quinta Inn & Suites Las Vegas Airport South 6560 Surrey May-10 4,000 140
Marriott SpringHill Suites Craig& Frehner Jun-10 96
Wingate by Wyndham 315 W. Warm Springs Mid 2010 209
The Grandview at Las Vegas tower 6 9940 Las Vegas Blvd S Jul-10 400
Hampton Inn & Suites SE corner of Sunset Rd. & Grier Dr. Fall 2010 $25 2,500 150
The Cosmopolitan Resort & Casino 3708 Las Vegas Blvd S Late 2010 $3,900 167,000 2,998
The Harmon Hotel & Spa (CityCenter) Within CityCenter development Late 2010 17,500 400
TOTAL 2010: $3,925 226,000 400 3,993
Marriott Courtyard Tropicana & 215 Sep-11 107
TOTAL 2011: 107
Marriott SpringHill Suites Tropicana & 215 Nov-12 97
TOTAL 2012: 97
Because the timeline is unknown the report omits the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas which is already topped out, but is currently in bankruptcy. Also the Echelon Place which is built as far as steel framing, but is on indefinite hold.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "February 2009 Nevada Gaming Revenues and Collections" (PDF). Nevada Gaming Control Board (Press release). 2009-04-07. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Jump up ^ "GAMING REVENUE REPORT Aug 2009" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "GAMING REVENUE REPORT Oct 2007" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "MGM MIRAGE AND KERZNER INTERNATIONAL TO DEVELOP MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR LAS VEGAS RESORT".
Jump up ^ "Planned Construction as 4 Nov 2009" (PDF).
[hide]
v
t
e
Nevada gaming areas as established by the Nevada Gaming Control Board
Clark County
Boulder Strip
Downtown
Laughlin
LV Strip
Mesquite
North Las Vegas
Balance of County
Elko County
Wendover
Balance of County
Washoe County
North Lake Tahoe
Reno
Sparks
Balance of County
Remaining
Carson Valley Area
South Lake Tahoe
Other
Statewide Nevada gaming area
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List of engineering branches
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost. In the contemporary era, engineering is generally considered to consist of the major primary branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.[1] There are numerous other engineering subdisciplines and interdisciplinary subjects that are derived from concentrations, combinations or extensions of the major engineering branches.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chemical engineering
2 Civil engineering
3 Electrical engineering
4 Mechanical engineering
5 Interdisciplinary
6 See also
7 References
Chemical engineering[edit]
Chemical engineering is the application of chemical, physical and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Subdiscipline
Scope
Major specialties
Biomolecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of biomolecules.
Genetic engineering (of whole genes and their chromosomes)
Immunology and biomolecular/biochemical engineering
Engineering of DNA and RNA (related to genetic engineering)
Materials engineering Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to engineering.
Metallurgical engineering, works with metals
Ceramic engineering works with raw oxide materials (e.g. alumina oxide) and advanced materials that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide and non-oxide ceramics
Polymer engineering works with polymer materials
Crystal engineering works with the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures
Biomaterials engineering works with natural and living systems
Molecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.
Process engineering Focuses on the design, operation, control and optimization of chemical processes. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation and waste and pollution control. This extends to plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement and designing and creating products.
Petroleum refinery engineering works on the manufacture of refined products
Plastics engineering works on the plastics products
Paper engineering works on paper products
Textile engineering works on fiber, textile and apparel products.
Corrosion engineering Applies scientific knowledge, natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems and procedures to manage corrosion. Generally related to metallurgy, corrosion engineering also encompasses non-metallics including ceramics. Corrosion engineers often manage other not-strictly-corrosion processes including cracking, brittle fracture, crazing, fretting, erosion and more.
Civil engineering[edit]
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.
Subdiscipline
Scope
Major specialties
Environmental engineering The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment.
Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and smoke
Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities
Wastewater engineering, Wastewater engineering is a type of engineering that comes from civil engineering and environmental engineering. A wastewater engineer determines the best way to transport or collect rainwater for human populations. Wastewater engineering also deals with the transportation and cleaning of blackwater, greywater and irrigation water. Wastewater treatment and water reclamation are areas of concern in this field. Wastewater engineers map out topographical and geographical features of Earth to determine the best means of collection. They use sonar scanning in wells to determine volumes of water that can be used for human consumption. Using these types of data they are able to provide a means of collecting water. After collecting the water, it is their job to transport it to where it can be made available for use.
Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.
Geotechnical engineering Concerned with the behavior of earth materials at the site of a civil engineering project.
Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth
Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below-ground foundations that support superstructures
Structural engineering The engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads.
Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading
Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction
Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
Mining engineering An engineering discipline that involves the science, technology and practice of extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment. Mining engineering is closely related to many other disciplines like mineral processing and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer manages all phases of mining operations – from exploration and discovery of the mineral resource, through feasibility studies, mine design, development of plans, production and operations, to mine closure.
With the process of mineral extraction some amount of waste material and other byproducts are generated which are the primary source of pollution in the vicinity of mines. Mining activities by their nature cause a disturbance of the natural environment in and around which the minerals are located. Mining engineers must therefore be concerned not only with the production and processing of mineral commodities, but also with the mitigation of damage to the environment both during and after mining as a result of the change in the mining area.
Transport engineering The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods.
Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation
Highway engineering, a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways.
Railway systems engineering
Water resources engineering Prediction, planning, development and management of water resources.
Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers) and canals.
River engineering, is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.
Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.
Groundwater engineering, involves the analysis, monitoring and often modeling of groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation.
Electrical engineering[edit]
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.
Subdiscipline
Scope
Major specialties
Electronic engineering The creation of physical devices and abstract methods that make it possible to conduct electricity, magnetism and light, through low power electrical circuits deemed electronic circuits as well as through communication channels, in such a manner so as to make it possible to control, that is to actuate, on other external entities that can be mechanical, electrical, chemical and even biological in nature, even to the point of automation and thus achieving a manipulation over those natural phenomena so as to concede to them a specific form so that they abstractly represent something, in a processing action that is called program and therefore they become abstract signals of information, which can be subject of further processing and even end-user presentation in what is known as computing.
Control engineering, focuses on the modeling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers
Telecommunications engineering, focuses on the transmission and processing of information through communications channels that are created by making use of applied electromagnetism in the physical world and are oftentimes divided in wired and wireless.
Digital electronics systems engineering, covering topics such as microelectronics which is better understood as hardware engineering plus software engineering, which in turn covers topics such as embedded systems, digital signal processing, digital image processing, real time operating systems and ultimately computing and as a result, originally computer engineering is a branch of electronics as well.
Computer engineering The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.
Software engineering, the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer science to software.[2]
Hardware engineering, designing, developing and testing various computer equipment. Can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers.
Network engineering, designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks, such as corporate networks or the Internet.
Power engineering The generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high-voltage engineering and power electronics.
Optical engineering The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
Mechanical engineering[edit]
Mechanical engineering comprises the design and analysis of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
Subdiscipline
Scope
Major specialties
Acoustical engineering Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds.
Manufacturing engineering Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.
Optomechanical engineering Field specific to the mechanical aspects of optical systems. Includes design, packaging, mounting and alignment mechanisms specific to optical systems.[3]
Fiber optics
Laser systems
Telescopes
Cameras
Optical instrumentation
Thermal engineering Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments.
Air conditioning
Refrigeration
Heating, ventilating
Sports engineering Is a field of engineering that involves the design, development and testing of sport equipment. The equipment used by athletes has always gone through technological design and development based on current knowledge and understanding.
Vehicle engineering The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles.
Automotive engineering, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks
Naval architecture, marine vehicles and structures
Aerospace engineering, airplanes, helicopters, drones and spacecraft
Marine engineering, boats, ships, oil rigs and other marine vessels or structures, oceanographic engineering
Power plant engineering
Field of engineering that designs, construct and maintains different types of power plants. Serves as the prime mover to produce electricity.
Geothermal power plants
Coal-fired power plants
Hydroelectric power plants
Diesel engine (ICE) power plants
Tidal power plants
Wind turbine power plants
Solar power plants
Energy engineering Energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and energy production. Energy efficiency of buildings and manufacturing processes, employing advances in lighting, insulation and heating/cooling properties.
Interdisciplinary[edit]
Discipline
Scope
Major specialties
Aerospace engineering Aerospace systems such as aircraft, spacecraft and ground control systems, primarily on the systems level. Often categorized within vehicle engineering.
Aeronautics, the design and development of aircraft and air traffic control systems
Astronautics, spacecraft, with an emphasis on spacecraft systems, ground control systems and orbital mechanics
Agricultural engineering Farm power and machinery, biological material processes, bioenergy, farm structures and agricultural natural resources.
Aquaculture engineering, cultured aquatic species and their production systems
Biomechanical engineering
Bioprocess engineering, products from biological materials
Biotechnical engineering
Ecological engineering, ecosystems
Food engineering, food processing, food machinery, packaging, ingredient manufacturing, instrumentation and control.
Forest engineering
Health and safety engineering
Natural resources engineering
Machinery systems engineering
Information & electrical systems engineering
Applied engineering Systems integration, manufacturing and management.[4]
Automation/control systems/mechatronics/robotics
Computer-aided drawing and design (CADD)
Construction
Electronics
General
Graphics
Nanotechnology
Biomedical engineering, Biomedical nanoengineering Medicine and healthcare biology, biocompatible prostheses, diagnostic and therapeutic devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs, tissue regeneration and pharmaceuticals. The increased utilization of nanotechnology across the existing areas of this branch has lead the specialization Biomedical nanoengineering.
Bioinstrumentation, devices and tools used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Bioinformatics, digital tools to collect and analyze biomedical data, such as DNA
Biomechanics, motion, material deformation, transport of chemical substances across biological membranes and flow inside the body. Artificial heart valves, artificial kidneys and artificial hips.
Biomaterial, materials implanted in the body
Biomedical optics
Biosignal processing, recording and processing biological signals for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as cardiac signals, speech recognition and brain activity
Biotechnology, use of living systems to make useful products such as pharmaceuticals and foods
Clinical engineering, hospital-related products, including data management, instruments and monitoriing systems
Medical imaging, MRIs, EEGs, ultrasound, PET
Neural engineering, replacement/restoration of lost sensory and motor abilities, neurorobots, neuro electronics.
Pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical delivery
Rehabilitation engineering, products that aid individuals with physical and other impairments, to improve e.g., mobility, seating and communication
Tissue engineering
Biological engineering
Bioacoustics
Biochemical engineering, processes that involve biological organisms or molecules such as bioreactors
Biosystems engineering
Biomedical engineering, the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical and biological sciences
Biotechnical engineering
Biomolecular engineering
Bioresource engineering
Bioprocess engineering
Cellular engineering
Genetic engineering, manipulate genes in organisms
Food and biological process engineering
Health and safety engineering
Microbiological engineering
Molecular engineering
Protein engineering, protein synthesis
Systems biology
Synthetic biology
Building services engineering internal environment and environmental impact of buildings and other structures
Architectural engineering
Mechanical engineering
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Refrigeration
Public health engineering: water services, drainage and plumbing
Electrical engineering
Lighting, including artificial and emergency lighting, low voltage systems, containment, distribution, distribution boards and switchgear
Lightning protection
Security, video and alarm systems
Escalators and lifts
Fire engineering, including fire detection and fire protection
Building façade engineering
Energy supply – gas, electricity and renewable sources
Energy engineering Energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and energy production. Energy efficiency of buildings and manufacturing processes, employing advances in lighting, insulation and heating/cooling properties.
Solar engineering, photovoltaic systems, solar thermal systems
Wind engineering, wind turbines
Railway engineering Railway systems, including wheeled and maglev systems
Industrial engineering Logistical and resource management systems
Manufacturing engineering, tools, equipment and processes
Component engineering, optimal compents to be subsequently assembled into products.
Systems engineering, logistics, team coordination, machinery control
Construction engineering, buildings and other structures
Safety engineering, safe operation and safe failure modes
Reliability engineering, product durability
Mechatronics engineering Mechanical and electrical engineering hybrid
Robotics
Instrumentation engineering
Optomechatronics engineering
Biomechatronics engineering
Avionics, the design of electronics and systems on board an aircraft or spacecraft
Engineering management Management of engineers and engineering processes
Military engineering Military weapons and vehicles, such as artillery and tanks
Combat engineering
Nanoengineering The introduction of nanotechnology into existing fields of engineering.
Materials nanoengineering creating Nanomaterials
Biomedical nanoengineering creating Nanomedicine (Biosensors, Tissue engineering, Drug delivery, etc.)
Instrumentation engineering creating Nanosensors
Electronic nanoengineering creating Nanoelectronics
Nuclear engineering Terrestrial and marine nuclear power plants
Medical physics
Nuclear fuel
Radiation protection
Petroleum engineering Oil and natural gas, including oil refining
Reservoir engineering, the flow of fluids in underground reservoirs
Drilling engineering, well-drilling and fitting
Production engineering, surfacing and refining well fluids
Project engineering Project engineering includes all parts of the design of manufacturing or processing facilities, either new or modifications to and expansions of existing facilities. A "project" consists of a coordinated series of activities or tasks performed by engineers and designers. A small project may be under the direction of a project engineer. Large projects are typically under the direction of a project manager or management team. Project tasks typically consist of such things as performing calculations, writing specifications, preparing bids, reviewing equipment proposals and evaluating or selecting equipment and developing and maintaining various lists (equipment and materials lists) and drawings (electrical, instrument and piping schematics, physical layouts and other drawings used in construction). Some facilities have in house staff to handle small projects, while some major companies have a department that does internal project engineering. Large projects are typically contracted out to project engineering companies. Staffing at engineering companies varies according to the work load and duration of employment may only last until an individual's tasks are completed.
Mechanical engineering
Process engineering
Instrumentation and control engineering
Civil engineering
Structural engineering
Environmental engineering
Electrical engineering
Software engineering Software engineering the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer science to software.
Cryptographic engineering Cryptographic Engineering is the discipline of using cryptography to solve human problems. Cryptography is typically applied when trying to ensure data confidentiality, to authenticate people or devices, or to verify data integrity in risky environments.
Information engineering, (IE) or information engineering methodology (IEM) is a software engineering approach to designing and developing information systems. It can also be considered as the generation, distribution, analysis and use of information in systems.
Teletraffic engineering Telecommunications traffic engineering, teletraffic engineering, or traffic engineering is the application of traffic engineering theory to telecommunications. Teletraffic engineers use their knowledge of statistics including queuing theory, the nature of traffic, their practical models, their measurements and simulations to make predictions and to plan telecommunication networks such as a telephone network or the Internet. These tools and knowledge help provide reliable service at lower cost.
Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques and tools that are the foundation of Web application development and which support their design, development, evolution and evaluation. Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas such as systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modeling and simulation, project management and graphic design and presentation.
Systems engineering Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex engineering projects over their life cycles. Issues, such as reliability, logistics and coordination of different teams, evaluation measurement and other disciplines become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods and risk management tools. It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as control engineering, industrial engineering, organizational studies and project management. Systems engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered and integrated into a whole.
Textile engineering Textile engineering courses deal with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fiber, textile and apparel processes, products and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation and waste and pollution control. Additionally, students are given experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement and designing and creating textile products. Throughout the textile engineering curriculum, students take classes from other engineering and disciplines including: mechanical, chemical, materials and industrial engineering.
Apparel engineering
Fabric engineering
Industrial & production engineering
Textile engineering management
Textile fashion & design
Textile machinery design & maintenance
Wet process engineering
Yarn engineering
See also[edit]
Engineering portal
Outline of engineering
Railway systems engineering
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Julie Thompson Klein, Robert Frodeman, Carl Mitcham. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinary. Oxford University Press, 2010. (pp. 149–150)
Jump up ^ Wiebe, A. J.; Chan, C. W. (April 2012). "Ontology driven software engineering". 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE): 1–4. doi:10.1109/CCECE.2012.6334938.
Jump up ^ University of Arizona OPTI 421/521: Introductory Optomechanical Engineering
Jump up ^ "ATMAE Membership Venn Diagram" Archived 2013-11-13 at the Wayback Machine.. atmae.org
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