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Languages with official status in India
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States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken first language.[1][a]
The Constitution of India designates the official language of the Government of India as Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English.[2] There is no national language as declared by the Constitution of India.[3] Hindi and English are used for official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government.[2] States within India have the liberty and powers to specify their own official language(s) through legislation and therefore there are 22 officially recognized languages in India of which Hindi is the most used. The number of native Hindi speakers ranges between 14.5 and 24.5% in total Indian population, however, other dialects of Hindi termed as Hindi languages are spoken by nearly 45% of Indians, mostly accounted from the states falling under the Hindi belt. Other Indian languages are each spoken by around 10% or less of the population.[4]
States specify their own official language(s) through legislation. The section of the Constitution of India dealing with official languages therefore includes detailed provisions which deal not just with the languages used for the official purposes of the union, but also with the languages that are to be used for the official purposes of each state and union territory in the country, and the languages that are to be used for communication between the union and the states inter se.
During the British Raj, English was used for purposes at the federal level.[5] The Indian constitution adopted in 1950 envisaged that Hindi would be gradually phased in to replace English over a fifteen-year period, but gave Parliament the power to, by law, provide for the continued use of English even thereafter.[6] Plans to make Hindi the sole official language of the Republic met with resistance in some parts of the country. Hindi continues to be used today, in combination with other (at the central level and in some states) State official languages at the state level.
The legal framework governing the use of languages for official purpose currently includes the Constitution, the Official Languages Act, 1963, Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) Rules, 1976, and various state laws, as well as rules and regulations made by the central government and the states.
Contents
[hide]
1 Official languages of the Union
1.1 Parliamentary proceedings and laws
1.2 Judiciary
1.3 Administration
1.4 Implementation
1.5 Legislature and administration
1.6 State judiciary
1.7 List of official languages by states
2 Eighth Schedule to the Constitution
3 Union–state and interstate communication
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Official languages of the Union[edit]
The front cover of a contemporary Indian passport, with the national emblem and inscriptions in Hindi and English language.
The Indian constitution, in 1950, declared Hindi in Devanagari script to be the official language of the union. Unless Parliament decided otherwise, the use of English for official purposes was to cease 15 years after the constitution came into effect, i.e., on 26 January 1965. The prospect of the changeover, however, led to much alarm in the non Hindi-speaking areas of India, especially Dravidian-speaking states whose languages were not related to Hindi at all. As a result, Parliament enacted the Official Languages Act, 1963,[7] [8][9][10][11][12] which provided for the continued use of English for official purposes along with Hindi, even after 1965.
In late 1964, an attempt was made to expressly provide for an end to the use of English, but it was met with protests from states such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, West Bengal, Karnataka, Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh. Some of these protests also turned violent.[13] As a result, the proposal was dropped,[14][15] and the Act itself was amended in 1967 to provide that the use of English would not be ended until a resolution to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament.[16]
The position was thus that the Union government continues to use English in addition to Hindi for its official purposes[17] as a "subsidiary official language,"[18] but is also required to prepare and execute a programme to progressively increase its use of Hindi.[19] The exact extent to which, and the areas in which, the Union government uses Hindi and English, respectively, is determined by the provisions of the Constitution, the Official Languages Act, 1963, the Official Languages Rules, 1976, and statutory instruments made by the Department of Official Language under these laws.
Parliamentary proceedings and laws[edit]
The Indian constitution draws a distinction between the language to be used in Parliamentary proceedings, and the language in which laws are to be made. Parliamentary business, according to the Constitution, may be conducted in either Hindi or English. The use of English in parliamentary proceedings was to be phased out at the end of fifteen years unless Parliament chose to extend its use, which Parliament did through the Official Languages Act, 1963.[20] In addition, the constitution permits a person who is unable to express themselves in either Hindi or English to, with the permission of the Speaker of the relevant House, address the House in their mother tongue.[21]
In contrast, the constitution requires the authoritative text of all laws, including Parliamentary enactments and statutory instruments, to be in English, until Parliament decides otherwise. Parliament has not exercised its power to so decide, instead merely requiring that all such laws and instruments, and all bills brought before it, also be translated into Hindi, though the English text remains authoritative.[22]
Judiciary[edit]
The constitution provides, and the Supreme Court has reiterated, that all proceedings in the Supreme Court of India, the country's highest court and the High Courts, shall be in English.[23] Parliament has the power to alter this by law, but has not done so. However, in many high courts, there is, with consent from the president, allowance of the optional use of Hindi. Such proposals have been successful in the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.[24]
Administration[edit]
The Union government is required by law to progressively increase the use of Hindi in its official work,[19] which it has sought to do through "persuasion, incentive and goodwill".[7]
The Official Language Act provides that the Union government shall use both Hindi and English in most administrative documents that are intended for the public.[25] The Official Languages Rules, in contrast, provide for a higher degree of use of Hindi in communications between offices of the central government (other than offices in Tamil Nadu, to which the rules do not apply).[26] Communications between different departments within the central government may be in either Hindi or English, although a translation into the other language must be provided if required.[27] Communications within offices of the same department, however, must be in Hindi if the offices are in Hindi-speaking states,[28] and in either Hindi or English otherwise with Hindi being used in proportion to the percentage of staff in the receiving office who have a working knowledge of Hindi.[29] Notes and memos in files may be in either Hindi or English, with the Government having a duty to provide a translation into the other language if required.[30]
In addition, every person submitting a petition for the redress of a grievance to a government officer or authority has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in India.
Implementation[edit]
Various steps have been taken by the Indian government to implement the use and familiarisation of Hindi extensively. Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha headquartered at Chennai was formed to spread Hindi in South Indian states. Regional Hindi implementation offices at Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhopal, Delhi and Ghaziabad have been established to monitor the implementation of Hindi in Central government offices and PSUs.
Annual targets are set by the Department of Official Language regarding the amount of correspondence being carried out in Hindi. A Parliament Committee on Official Language constituted in 1976 periodically reviews the progress in the use of Hindi and submits a report to the President. The governmental body which makes policy decisions and established guidelines for promotion of Hindi is the Kendriya Hindi Samiti (est. 1967). In every city that has more than ten central Government offices, a Town Official Language Implementation Committee is established and cash awards are given to government employees who write books in Hindi. All Central government offices and PSUs are to establish Hindi Cells for implementation of Hindi in their offices.[31]
In 2016, the Modi government announced plans to promote Hindi in government offices in Southern and Northeast India.[32][33]
The Indian constitution does not specify the official languages to be used by the states for the conduct of their official functions, and leaves each state free to, through its legislature, adopt Hindi or any language used in its territory as its official language or languages.[34] The language need not be one of those listed in the Eighth Schedule, and several states have adopted official languages which are not so listed. Examples include Kokborok in Tripura and Mizo in Mizoram.
Legislature and administration[edit]
The constitutional provisions in relation to use of the official language in legislation at the State level largely mirror those relating to the official language at the central level, with minor variations. State legislatures may conduct their business in their official language, Hindi or (for a transitional period, which the legislature can extend if it so chooses) English, and members who cannot use any of these have the same rights to their mother tongue with the Speaker's permission. The authoritative text of all laws must be in English, unless Parliament passes a law permitting a state to use another language, and if the original text of a law is in a different language, an authoritative English translation of all laws must be prepared.
The state has the right to regulate the use of its official language in public administration, and in general, neither the constitution nor any central enactment imposes any restriction on this right. However, every person submitting a petition for the redress of a grievance to an officer or authority of the state government has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in that state, regardless of its official status.
In addition, the constitution grants the central government, acting through the President, the power to issue certain directives to the government of a state in relation to the use of minority languages for official purposes. The President may direct a State to officially recognise a language spoken in its territory for specified purposes and in specified regions, if its speakers demand it and satisfy him that a substantial proportion of the State's population desire its use. Similarly, States and local authorities are required to endeavour to provide primary education in the mother tongue for all linguistic minorities, regardless of whether their language is official in that State, and the President has the power to issue directions he deems necessary to ensure that they are provided these facilities.
State judiciary[edit]
States have significantly less freedom in relation to determine the language in which judicial proceedings in their respective High Courts will be conducted. The constitution gives the power to authorise the use of Hindi, or the state's official language in proceedings of the High Court to the Governor, rather than the state legislature, and requires the Governor to obtain the consent of the President of India, who in these matters acts on the advice of the Government of India. The Official Languages Act gives the Governor a similar power, subject to similar conditions, in relation to the language in which the High Court's judgments will be delivered.[35]
Four states—Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan—[36] have been granted the right to conduct proceedings in their High Courts in their official language, which, for all of them, was Hindi. However, the only non-Hindi state to seek a similar power—Tamil Nadu, which sought the right to conduct proceedings in Tamil in its High Court—had its application rejected by the central government earlier, which said it was advised to do so by the Supreme Court.[37] In 2006, the law ministry said that it would not object to Tamil Nadu state's desire to conduct Madras High Court proceedings in Tamil.[38][39][40][41][42] In 2010, the Chief Justice of the Madras High Court allowed lawyers to argue cases in Tamil.[43]
List of official languages by states[edit]
List of official languages of states of India
No.
State
Official language(s)
Additional official language(s)
1. Andhra Pradesh Telugu[44]
2. Arunachal Pradesh English
3. Assam English, Assamese[45] Bengali in three districts of Barak Valley[46], Bodo in Bodoland Territorial Council areas
4. Bihar Hindi[47] Urdu[47]
5. Chhattisgarh Hindi[48]
6. Goa Konkani[49] Marathi[50]:27[51]
7. Gujarat Gujarati[52] Hindi[52]
8. Haryana Hindi[53] Punjabi[54]
9. Himachal Pradesh Hindi[55] English
10. Jammu and Kashmir Urdu
11. Jharkhand Hindi Urdu
12. Karnataka Kannada
13. Kerala Malayalam English
14. Madhya Pradesh Hindi[56]
15. Maharashtra Marathi English
16. Manipur Meitei (Manipuri)[57] English
17. Meghalaya English[58] Khasi and Garo[59]
18. Mizoram Mizo, English and Hindi
19. Nagaland English
20. Odisha Odia English[60]
21. Punjab Punjabi
22. Rajasthan Hindi English
23. Sikkim Nepali[61][62] Additional ten local languages[b]
24. Tamil Nadu Tamil English
25. Telangana Telugu & Urdu
26. Tripura Bengali, English and Kokborok[63][64]
27. Uttar Pradesh Hindi Urdu[65]
28. Uttarakhand Hindi Sanskrit
29. West Bengal Bengali Nepali, Hindi, Kamtapuri[66], Kurukh and Urdu[67](specific areas)
List of official languages of Union Territories of India
Union territories[50]
No.
Union territory
Official language(s)
Additional official language(s)
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Hindi and English
2. Chandigarh English
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli Gujarati, Marathi, and Hindi[68]
4. Daman and Diu Gujarati, Konkani and Marathi
5. Delhi Hindi Punjabi, English and Urdu[69]
6. Lakshadweep Malayalam, Mahl (in Minicoy Island), English[70]
7. Puducherry Tamil, English Telugu, Malayalam and French [c][71][72]
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution[edit]
Main article: Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India
The Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution contains a list of 22 scheduled languages. At the time the constitution was enacted, inclusion in this list meant that the language was entitled to representation on the Official Languages Commission,[73] and that the language would be one of the bases that would be drawn upon to enrich Hindi, the official language of the Union.[74] The list has since, however, acquired further significance. The Government of India is now under an obligation to take measures for the development of these languages, such that "they grow rapidly in richness and become effective means of communicating modern knowledge."[75] In addition, a candidate appearing in an examination conducted for public service at a higher level is entitled to use any of these languages as the medium in which he or she answers the paper.[76]
Via the 92nd Constitutional amendment 2003, four new languages – Dogri, Maithili, Santali and Bodo – were added to the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.[77]
The table below lists the 22 languages set out in the Eighth Schedule as of May 2008, together with the regions where they are used.
Even though the English language is not included in the Eighth Schedule (as it is a foreign language), it is one of the official languages of the Union of India.[78]
Language[d]
Family
Speakers
(in millions, 2001)[79]
State(s)
Assamese Indo-Aryan, North Eastern 13.2 Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Bengali Indo-Aryan, Eastern 83.4 West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Jharkhand[80]
Bodo Tibeto-Burman 1.3 Assam
Dogri Indo-Aryan, Northwestern 2.3 Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab
Gujarati Indo-Aryan, Western 46.1 Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat
Hindi Indo-Aryan 422 Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand
Kannada Dravidian 38 Karnataka
Kashmiri Indo-Aryan, Dardic 5.5 Jammu and Kashmir
Konkani Indo-Aryan, Southern 2.5 Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala (The Konkan Coast)[81][82]
Maithili Indo-Aryan, Eastern 12.2 Bihar
Malayalam Dravidian 33.1 Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Manipuri (also Meitei or Meithei) Tibeto-Burman 1.5 Manipur
Marathi Indo-Aryan, Southern 72 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu
Nepali Indo-Aryan, Northern 2.9 Sikkim, Darjeeling, Northeast India
Odia Indo-Aryan, Eastern 33 Odisha, Jharkhand[83][84][85]
Punjabi Indo-Aryan, Northwestern 29.1 Chandigarh, Delhi, Punjab
Sanskrit Indo-Aryan 0.01 Uttarakhand
Santali Munda 6.5 Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha)
Sindhi Indo-Aryan, Northwestern 2.5 Sindh (now Sindh in Pakistan)
Tamil Dravidian 70 Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Kerala
Telugu Dravidian 74 Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Urdu Indo-Aryan, Central 51.5 Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, Jharkhand, Delhi, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
Of the 22 official languages, 15 are Indo-Aryan, four are Dravidian, two are Tibeto-Burman, and one is Munda.
Since 2003, a government committee has been looking into the feasibility of treating all languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution as "Official Languages of the Union".[86]
Union–state and interstate communication[edit]
The language in which communications between different states, or from the union government to a state or a person in a state, shall be sent is regulated by the Official Languages Act and, for states other than Tamil Nadu, by the Official Languages Rules. Communication between states who use Hindi as their official language is required to be in Hindi, whereas communication between a state whose official language is Hindi and one whose is not, is required to be in English, or, in Hindi with an accompanying English translation (unless the receiving state agrees to dispense with the translation).[17]
Communication between the union and states which use Hindi as their official language (classified by the Official Language Rules as "the states in Region A"), and with persons who live in those states, is generally in Hindi, except in certain cases.[87] Communication with a second category of states "Region B", which do not use Hindi as their official language but have elected to communicate with the union in Hindi (currently Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Punjab)[88] is usually in Hindi, whilst communications sent to an individual in those states may be in either Hindi or English.[89] Communication with all other states "Region C", and with people living in them, is in English.[90]
See also[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Official Languages Act, 1963
Languages of India
List of Indian languages by number of native speakers
Names of the Indian Constitution in the official languages of India
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Some languages may be over- or underrepresented as the census data used is at the state-level. For example, while Urdu has 52 million speakers (2001), in no state is it a majority as the language itself is primarily limited to Indian Muslims yet has more native speakers than Gujarati.
Jump up ^ Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limboo, Mangar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang are the Additional Official Languages for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition.[50]:84
Jump up ^ See Official languages of Puducherry
Jump up ^ Includes variants and dialects
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In response to this several NGO and political parties have started agitation and some have even re-sorted to violent protests in the Darjeeling for separate statehood, which started in after the official statement in press meet by Central parliamentary affairs minister. The monster himself hails from South India and many party leader of the government has felt as insult to the mother language. The TANA has stated "It's high time the North should learn the lessons from the past and should try not to stir the broth"
The ADMK leader has said in New Delhi "It's a shame to see my neighbouring state leader hailing from Telugu state speaking against the his own mother tongue.
The Dravida Samrakshana Samiti Head has said " it's a direct assault on our culture and is a insult for saying the minister hailing from South India. (Jitendra Singh)". The Indian Express. 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
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Jump up ^ Kurzon, Dennis (2004). "3. The Konkani-Marathi Controversy : 2000-01 version". Where East Looks West: Success in English in Goa and on the Konkan Coast. Multilingual Matters. pp. 42–58. ISBN 978-1-85359-673-5. Retrieved 26 December 2014. Dated, but gives a good overview of the controversy to give Marathi full "official status".
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Jump up ^ Eleven other languages — Bhutia, Lepcha, Limboo, Newari, Gurung, Mangar, Mukhia, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang - are termed "official", but only for the purposes of the preservation of culture and tradition. Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005, pp. paras 27.3–27.4, archived from the original on 10 April 2009, retrieved 2007-07-16 . See also Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 41st report: July 2002 - June 2003, p. paras 28.4, 28.9, archived from the original on 2007-02-24, retrieved 2007-07-16
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Jump up ^ Singh, Shiv Sahay. "Official language status for Urdu in some West Bengal areas". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
Jump up ^ Urdu and Punjabi are the two secondary official languages of Delhi under the Delhi Official Language Bill, 2000 Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi, The Times of India, 2003-06-25, retrieved 2007-07-17
Jump up ^ Thomas Benedikter (2009). Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 134. ISBN 978-3-643-10231-7.
Jump up ^ There are three primary languages used for official purposes - Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Only, English is recognized for official uses as per the official language policy. The official language policy of the union territory states that the Tamil language should be the primary language used for all or any of the official purposes of the union territory. In case of Mahe and Yanam, Malayalam and Telugu, respectively, may be used instead of or in conjunction with Tamil. The English language may also be used for official purposes. (ACT 28, Gazetteer, Pondicherry Vol. 1, P. II)Multilingualism and second language acquisition and learning in Pondicherry
Jump up ^ Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Puducherry, General Information on Pondicherry, archived from the original on 28 September 2007, retrieved 2007-06-06
Jump up ^ Constitution of India, Article 344(1).
Jump up ^ Constitution of India, Article 351.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 2". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 4". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ National Portal of India: Government: Constitution of India Archived 31 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Constitution of India Archived 9 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine., page 330, EIGHTH SCHEDULE, Articles 344 (1) and 351]. Languages.
Jump up ^ "Statement 1 - Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2001". Government of India. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.bihardays.com/jharkhands-11-second-languages-will-create-new-jobs-enrich-national-culture/
Jump up ^ "The Origins of the Konkani Language". www.kamat.com. August 15, 1997 – January 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Indian Languages: Konkani Language". iloveindia.com.
Jump up ^ "Oriya gets its due in neighbouring state- Orissa- IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
Jump up ^ Naresh Chandra Pattanayak Sep 1, 2011, 08.04am IST (2011-09-01). "Oriya second language in Jharkhand - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-11-29. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Bengali, Oriya among 12 dialects as 2nd language in Jharkhand". daily.bhaskar.com. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
Jump up ^ "A Committee has been constituted under the Chairmanship of Shri Sita Kant Mohapatra to make recommendation, inter-alia on the feasibility of treating all languages in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution, including Tamil, as Official Languages of the Union. The Government will consider the recommendations of the Committee and take a suitable decision in the matter."Indian parliament Archived 21 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 3(1)". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 2(g)". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 3(2)". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 3(3)". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
External links[edit]
Department of Official Language (DOL) – Official webpage explains the chronological events related to Official Languages Act and amendments
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Reconciling Linguistic Diversity: The History and the Future of Language Policy in India by Jason Baldridge
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text:
(I've Had) The Time of My Life
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Single by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes
from the album Dirty Dancing
B-side
"Love Is Strange"
by Mickey & Sylvia
Released
September 1987
Format
7" single
12" maxi
cassette
CD single
Recorded
1987
Length
4:47 (LP and single version)
6:46 (extended version)
Label
RCA Records
Songwriter(s)
John DeNicola
Donald Markowitz
Franke Previte
Producer(s)
Michael Lloyd
Music video
"(I've Had) The Time Of My Life" on YouTube
Alternative cover
7" - U.S.
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" is a 1987 song composed by Franke Previte, John DeNicola, and Donald Markowitz.[1] It was recorded by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, and used as the theme song for the 1987 film Dirty Dancing.[1] The song has won a number of awards, including an Academy Award for "Best Original Song", a Golden Globe Award for "Best Original Song", and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Music video
3 Chart performance
4 Awards
5 Cover versions and samples
6 Formats and track listings
7 Charts
7.1 Weekly charts
7.2 Year-end charts
7.3 Certifications
8 See also
9 References
History[edit]
Singer-songwriter Previte was the lead singer of the band Franke and the Knockouts. He had success with the song "Sweetheart" in 1981, but by 1986 was without a recording contract. In late 1986 or early 1987, producer and head of Millennium Records, Jimmy Ienner, asked Previte about writing some music for "a little movie called Dirty Dancing". Previte initially turned the request down because he was still trying to get a record deal,[2] but Ienner was persistent, and got Previte to write several songs for the film, including "Hungry Eyes", later recorded by singer Eric Carmen, which also became a top 10 hit.
Previte wrote the lyrics, and the music was written by John DeNicola and Don Markowitz. After getting further approval, Previte created a demo of the song, performing on it himself, along with singer Rachele Cappelli. The demo showcased how the harmonies were to be used, employing a "cold open", or a slow build-up of the song to its finale. This demo wasn't used in the final cut of the film − the more polished version with Warnes and Medley was. However, because the Warnes/Medley track was not ready by the time the finale was filmed (it was shot first, due to the tight budget), Previte and Capelli's much lighter and more youthful version was used as a backing track, so that the actors, Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey, and the dancers, could have something to dance to (Swayze had later remarked it was his favorite version, even including all the subsequent remakes). The demo version finally appeared on the 1998 CD reissue of Previte's 1981 album Franke and the Knockouts, but is only listed as "Bonus Track".
The song was initially intended for Donna Summer and Joe Esposito, but they turned it down.[citation needed] Bill Medley was approached by Jimmy Ienner repeatedly over two months to do the recording, but he also turned it down because his daughter McKenna was due to be born, and he had promised his wife he would be there.[3] After the birth of his daughter, Medley was approached again, because Jennifer Warnes had indicated she would record the song if she could do the duet with Medley.[4] Medley then agreed to record the track. With the release of the film it became a worldwide hit, and is one of the most frequently played songs on radio.
A song by Lionel Richie was initially planned to be used as the finale of Dirty Dancing,[3] but choreographer Kenny Ortega and his assistant Miranda Garrison (who also played Vivian in the film) selected "The Time of My Life" instead.
Music video[edit]
A music video was produced for this song in October 1987. The video features several couples dancing like in the movie, and it also featured clips from it.
Chart performance[edit]
In the United States, the single topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in November 1987 for one week and also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary for four weeks.[5] In the United Kingdom the song had two chart outings: in November 1987, after the film's initial release, the song peaked at No. 6;[1] in January 1991, after the film was shown on mainstream television, the song reached No. 8.[6]
Awards[edit]
Academy Award for Best Original Song, 1987[1]
Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, 1988
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, 1988
ASCAP "Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures" and "ASCAP Songwriter Of The Year" for its writer.[7]
In 2004 AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey placed it #86 among the top tunes in American cinema.
Cover versions and samples[edit]
In 2003, the top 11 contestants of the first season of Canadian Idol performed it as a group number during the season finale.
The song was covered in 2004 by Carmen & Piero and their version features on Best of Mundart and Duets.[8]
Taylor Hicks and Katharine McPhee performed a version as their final duet during the fifth-season finale of American Idol in 2006.
The song was covered in 2006 by British glamour model Katie Price and her then-husband, pop singer Peter Andre. The track is included on their 2006 album of duets A Whole New World.
In 2007, the song was performed by British girl group Girls Aloud on their concert The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud)
The 2007 compilation Over The Rainbow featured a cover of the song by Jermaine Jackson and R&B/dance music singer Jocelyn Brown.
Barry Manilow covered the song on his 2008 album of cover songs, The Greatest Songs of the Eighties.
The song appeared on the Fox series Glee in the second-season episode "Special Education". It was sung by Quinn (Dianna Agron) & Sam (Chord Overstreet) as the opening ballad at Sectionals. It is also featured on the soundtrack Glee: The Music, Volume 4.
Sam Milby and Toni Gonzaga covered this song on their 2009 album Love Duets.[9]
In 2009, Namibian singer Nianell and South African singer Dozi included a version on their duet covers album It Takes Two.[10]
In 2010, The Black Eyed Peas sampled the chorus in their song, "The Time (Dirty Bit)" (from the album The Beginning), with the line "Yes, I swear it's the truth" changed to "And I swear this is true".
The song's original recording is a regular staple at live shows of the Norwegian electro rock band, Datarock, and is frequently performed as a sing-along by band and audience.
In 2011, Kris Lawrence and Kyla record their version for the show Time of My Life as the show's theme song.
The song has also been used as a commercial jingle for Sandals Resorts.
German jazz-metal band Panzerballett covered this song in their 2012 album Tank Goodness.
This song was covered by the Strictly Come Dancing band and singers, led by David Arch, in 2012, as the backing for gymnast Louis Smith and professional dancer Flavia Cacace's salsa in week 3 and the first part of the final.
In the Major Crimes episode "There's No Place Like Home", a suspect's alibi was that he was doing the song karaoke. The Major Crimes squad watched his performance for a minute but quickly shut it off when the suspect started dancing. At the end of the episode, the credits were played over a scene of the man singing and dancing to the song with a partner rather than the regular black screen.
In 2014, the song was recorded by Kerry Ellis and Joe McElderry for Ellis' self-titled album.[11]
In 2015, on the 21th season of U.S reality/competition show Dancing with the Stars wildlife expert Bindi Irwin and her dance partner Derek Hough danced the rumba to it on week 6 and got the highest score of the night.
In 2016, Jodie Sweetin and Macy Gray covered the song in the third episode of Fuller House "Funner House" while Candace Cameron Bure and Andrea Barber danced to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" in the same episode.
In 2016, The Netherlands LuckyTV released a video that lip-synched the second Clinton-Trump presidential debate to the song so that it looked like Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were singing a duet.[12] The video later went viral on YouTube, with approximately 777,000 views in the first day.[13]
British rock band The Darkness play the song after their gigs are finished.
In 2017, during the credits of the Bob's Burgers episode "Thelma & Louise Except Thelma is Linda", Teddy (Larry Murphy) and Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) sing it.
Formats and track listings[edit]
7" single
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" (4:47)
"Love Is Strange" by Mickey & Sylvia (2:52)
12" maxi and CD single
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" (4:47)
"In the Still of the Night" by The Five Satins (2:59)
"Love Is Strange" by Mickey & Sylvia (2:53)
"Overload" by Zappacosta (3:39)
Cassette
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" (4:47)
"In the Still of the Night" by The Five Satins (2:59)
"Love Is Strange" by Mickey & Sylvia (2:53)
"Overload" by Zappacosta (3:39)
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1987–1988)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[14] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[15] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[16] 1
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[17] 1
Germany (Official German Charts)[18] 5
Ireland (IRMA)[19] 5
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[20] 1
Spain (AFYVE)[21] 5
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[22] 12
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[23] 5
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[24] 6
US Billboard Hot 100[25] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[26] 1
Chart (1990)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[27] 8
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA)[19] 17
Chart (1992)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[28] 5
Chart (1993)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[28] 48
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[29] 40
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1988)
Position
Australian Singles Chart[30] 1
Austrian Singles Chart[31] 28
Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart[32] 1
Dutch Top 40[33] 1
Certifications[edit]
Country
Certification
Date
Sales certified
Australia[34] Gold 1987 50,000
Canada[35] Gold January 12, 1988 50,000
Netherlands[36] Platinum 1988 60,000
U.S.[37] Gold February 24, 1989 500,000
See also[edit]
The Time (Dirty Bit)
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1987 (U.S.)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1987 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1980s
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1988
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 136. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Robert Dye (October 10, 2014). "The Times In His Life: A Q&A With Franke Previte". American Songwriter.
^ Jump up to: a b "(I've Had) The Time of My Life by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes". Song Facts.
Jump up ^ Bill Medley (April 24, 2014). The Time of My Life: A Righteous Brother's Memoir. Da Capo Press. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-0306823169.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 167.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 359. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ "John DeNicola Bio". Archived from the original on 2016-01-14.
Jump up ^ Best of Mundart and Duets, track listings and charts Lescharts.com (Retrieved July 25, 2008)
Jump up ^ Sam Milby and Toni Gonzaga--I've had the time of my life Cover https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRABcfKRnLQ
Jump up ^ "Retrieved 7 January 2014". Kalahari.com. 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Kerry Ellis by Kerry Ellis on Apple Music". iTunes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Spata, Christopher (October 10, 2016). "Watch Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Sing 'Time of My Life' During the Presidential Debate". Complex. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ernst, Douglas (October 11, 2016). "Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton ‘(I’ve Had) The Time of My Life’ debate video goes viral". The Washington Times. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ Canada, Library and Archives (17 July 2013). "Image : RPM Weekly". bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life". GfK Entertainment Charts.
^ Jump up to: a b Irish Single Chart Irishcharts.ie (Retrieved April 7, 2008)
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Bill Medley: Artist Chart History" Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill Medley – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Bill Medley. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill Medley – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Bill Medley. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" (1990 issue), UK Singles Chart. Chartstats.com. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lescharts.com – Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes – (I've Had) The Time of My Life" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ 1988 Australian Singles Chart. aria.com. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ 1988 Austrian Singles Chart Austriancharts.at. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ "1988 Belgian Flanders Singles Chart" (in Dutch). ultratop.be. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Single top 100 over 1988" (PDF) (in Dutch). Top40. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
Jump up ^ [1]. cria.ca. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Canada certifications Archived 2009-04-12 at the Wayback Machine.. cria.ca. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ Dutch certifications. nvpi.nl. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ U.S. certifications Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.. riaa.com. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
[show]
v
t
e
Bill Medley
Albums
Damn Near Righteous
Singles
"Statue of a Fool"
"Don't Know Much"
"I Still Do"
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Portal:R&B and Soul Music
[show]
v
t
e
Jennifer Warnes
Studio albums
Jennifer
Jennifer Warnes
Shot Through the Heart
Famous Blue Raincoat
The Hunter
The Well
Singles
"Easy to Be Hard"
"Right Time of the Night"
"Don't Make Me Over"
"It Goes Like It Goes"
"Up Where We Belong"
"All the Right Moves"
"First We Take Manhattan"
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Compilations
Best of Jennifer Warnes
Love Lifts Us Up: A Collection 1968-83
[show]
v
t
e
Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and Lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and Lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and Lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and Lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=(I%27ve_Had)_The_Time_of_My_Life&oldid=800206733"
Categories:
1987 singles
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