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2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F
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The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group F was one of the nine UEFA groups for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. The group consisted of six teams: England, Slovakia, Scotland, Slovenia, Lithuania, and Malta.
The draw for the first round (group stage) was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (UTC+3), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[1][2]
The group winners, England, qualified directly for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The group runners-up, Slovakia, were eliminated as the worst runners-up.[1]
Contents
1 Standings
2 Matches
3 Goalscorers
4 Discipline
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Standings[edit]
show2018 FIFA World Cup qualification tiebreakers
In league format, the ranking of teams in each group is based on the following criteria (regulations Articles 20.6 and 20.7):[3]
Points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss)
Overall goal difference
Overall goals scored
Points in matches between tied teams
Goal difference in matches between tied teams
Goals scored in matches between tied teams
Away goals scored in matches between tied teams (if the tie is only between two teams in home-and-away league format)
Fair play points
first yellow card: minus 1 point
indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points
direct red card: minus 4 points
yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points
Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee
Pos
Team
[
v
t
e
]
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
England 10 8 2 0 18 3 +15 26 Qualification to 2018 FIFA World Cup — 2–1 3–0 1–0 2–0 2–0
2
Slovakia 10 6 0 4 17 7 +10 18 0–1 — 3–0 1–0 4–0 3–0
3
Scotland 10 5 3 2 17 12 +5 18 2–2 1–0 — 1–0 1–1 2–0
4
Slovenia 10 4 3 3 12 7 +5 15 0–0 1–0 2–2 — 4–0 2–0
5
Lithuania 10 1 3 6 7 20 −13 6 0–1 1–2 0–3 2–2 — 2–0
6
Malta 10 0 1 9 3 25 −22 1 0–4 1–3 1–5 0–1 1–1 —
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Qualification tiebreakers
Matches[edit]
The fixture list was confirmed by UEFA on 26 July 2015, the day following the draw.[1][4] Times are CET/CEST,[note 1] as listed by UEFA (local times are in parentheses).[5]
4 September 2016 (2016-09-04)18:00
(19:00 UTC+3)
Lithuania
2–2
Slovenia
Černych 32'
Slivka 34'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Krhin 77'
Cesar 90+3'
LFF Stadium, Vilnius
Attendance: 4,114
Referee: Artur Soares Dias (Portugal)
4 September 2016 (2016-09-04)18:00
(18:00 UTC+2)
Slovakia
0–1
England
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Lallana 90+5'
Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava
Attendance: 18,111
Referee: Milorad Mažić (Serbia)
4 September 2016 (2016-09-04)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Malta
1–5
Scotland
Effiong 14'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Snodgrass 10', 61' (pen.), 84'
C. Martin 53'
S. Fletcher 78'
National Stadium, Ta' Qali
Attendance: 15,069
Referee: Yevhen Aranovsky (Ukraine)
8 October 2016 (2016-10-08)18:00
(17:00 UTC+1)
England
2–0
Malta
Sturridge 29'
Alli 38'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 81,781
Referee: Stefan Johannesson (Sweden)
8 October 2016 (2016-10-08)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
Scotland
1–1
Lithuania
McArthur 89'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Černych 59'
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 35,966
Referee: Tobias Stieler (Germany)
8 October 2016 (2016-10-08)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Slovenia
1–0
Slovakia
Kronaveter 74'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 10,492
Referee: Nicola Rizzoli (Italy)
11 October 2016 (2016-10-11)20:45
(21:45 UTC+3)
Lithuania
2–0
Malta
Černych 76'
Novikovas 84' (pen.)
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
LFF Stadium, Vilnius
Attendance: 5,067
Referee: Jesús Gil Manzano (Spain)
11 October 2016 (2016-10-11)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Slovakia
3–0
Scotland
Mak 18', 56'
Nemec 68'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava
Attendance: 11,098
Referee: Martin Strömbergsson (Sweden)
11 October 2016 (2016-10-11)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Slovenia
0–0
England
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 13,274
Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Germany)
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)20:45
(19:45 UTC±0)
England
3–0
Scotland
Sturridge 23'
Lallana 50'
Cahill 61'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 87,258
Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey)
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)20:45
(20:45 UTC+1)
Malta
0–1
Slovenia
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Verbič 47'
National Stadium, Ta' Qali
Attendance: 4,207
Referee: Paweł Raczkowski (Poland)
11 November 2016 (2016-11-11)20:45
(20:45 UTC+1)
Slovakia
4–0
Lithuania
Nemec 12'
Kucka 15'
Škrtel 36'
Hamšík 86'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava
Attendance: 9,653
Referee: Anastasios Sidiropoulos (Greece)
26 March 2017 (2017-03-26)18:00
(17:00 UTC+1)
England
2–0
Lithuania
Defoe 22'
Vardy 66'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 77,690
Referee: Ruddy Buquet (France)
26 March 2017 (2017-03-26)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Malta
1–3
Slovakia
Farrugia 14'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Weiss 2'
Greguš 41'
Nemec 84'
National Stadium, Ta' Qali
Attendance: 4,980
Referee: Ali Palabıyık (Turkey)
26 March 2017 (2017-03-26)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
Scotland
1–0
Slovenia
C. Martin 88'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 20,435
Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)
10 June 2017 (2017-06-10)18:00
(17:00 UTC+1)
Scotland
2–2
England
Griffiths 87', 90'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Oxlade-Chamberlain 70'
Kane 90+3'
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 48,520
Referee: Paolo Tagliavento (Italy)
10 June 2017 (2017-06-10)18:00
(18:00 UTC+2)
Slovenia
2–0
Malta
Iličić 45+2'
Novaković 84'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 7,839
Referee: Simon Lee Evans (Wales)
10 June 2017 (2017-06-10)20:45
(21:45 UTC+3)
Lithuania
1–2
Slovakia
Novikovas 90+3'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Weiss 32'
Hamšík 58'
LFF Stadium, Vilnius
Attendance: 4,083
Referee: Manuel Gräfe (Germany)
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)20:45
(21:45 UTC+3)
Lithuania
0–3
Scotland
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Armstrong 25'
Robertson 30'
McArthur 72'
LFF Stadium, Vilnius
Attendance: 5,067
Referee: Carlos del Cerro Grande (Spain)
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Malta
0–4
England
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Kane 53', 90+2'
Bertrand 86'
Welbeck 90+1'
National Stadium, Ta' Qali
Attendance: 16,994
Referee: Artur Soares Dias (Portugal)
1 September 2017 (2017-09-01)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Slovakia
1–0
Slovenia
Mevlja 81' (o.g.)
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava
Attendance: 16,896
Referee: Antonio Mateu Lahoz (Spain)
4 September 2017 (2017-09-04)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
England
2–1
Slovakia
Dier 37'
Rashford 59'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Lobotka 3'
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 67,823
Referee: Clément Turpin (France)
4 September 2017 (2017-09-04)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
Scotland
2–0
Malta
Berra 9'
Griffiths 49'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 26,371
Referee: Jakob Kehlet (Denmark)
4 September 2017 (2017-09-04)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Slovenia
4–0
Lithuania
Iličić 25' (pen.), 61' (pen.)
Verbič 82'
Birsa 90'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 6,230
Referee: István Kovács (Romania)
5 October 2017 (2017-10-05)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
England
1–0
Slovenia
Kane 90+4'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 61,598
Referee: Felix Zwayer (Germany)
5 October 2017 (2017-10-05)20:45
(20:45 UTC+2)
Malta
1–1
Lithuania
Agius 23'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Slivka 53'
National Stadium, Ta' Qali
Attendance: 3,431
Referee: Zaven Hovhannisyan (Armenia)
5 October 2017 (2017-10-05)20:45
(19:45 UTC+1)
Scotland
1–0
Slovakia
Škrtel 89' (o.g.)
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 46,773
Referee: Milorad Mažić (Serbia)
8 October 2017 (2017-10-08)18:00
(19:00 UTC+3)
Lithuania
0–1
England
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Kane 27' (pen.)
LFF Stadium, Vilnius
Attendance: 5,067
Referee: Orel Grinfeeld (Israel)
8 October 2017 (2017-10-08)18:00
(18:00 UTC+2)
Slovakia
3–0
Malta
Nemec 33', 62'
Duda 69'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava
Attendance: 17,774
Referee: Paolo Mazzoleni (Italy)
8 October 2017 (2017-10-08)18:00
(18:00 UTC+2)
Slovenia
2–2
Scotland
Bezjak 52', 72'
Report (FIFA)
Report (UEFA)
Griffiths 32'
Snodgrass 88'
Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana
Attendance: 11,123
Referee: Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
Goalscorers[edit]
There were 74 goals scored in 30 matches, for an average of 2.47 goals per match.
5 goals
Harry Kane
Adam Nemec
4 goals
Leigh Griffiths
Robert Snodgrass
3 goals
Fiodor Černych
Josip Iličić
2 goals
Adam Lallana
Daniel Sturridge
Arvydas Novikovas
Vykintas Slivka
Chris Martin
James McArthur
Marek Hamšík
Róbert Mak
Vladimír Weiss
Roman Bezjak
Benjamin Verbič
1 goal
Dele Alli
Ryan Bertrand
Gary Cahill
Jermain Defoe
Eric Dier
Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain
Marcus Rashford
Jamie Vardy
Danny Welbeck
Andrei Agius
Alfred Effiong
Jean Paul Farrugia
Stuart Armstrong
Christophe Berra
Steven Fletcher
Andrew Robertson
Ondrej Duda
Ján Greguš
Juraj Kucka
Stanislav Lobotka
Martin Škrtel
Valter Birsa
Boštjan Cesar
Rene Krhin
Rok Kronaveter
Milivoje Novaković
1 own goal
Martin Škrtel (against Scotland)
Miha Mevlja (against Slovakia)
Discipline[edit]
A player is automatically suspended for the next match for the following offences:[3]
Receiving a red card (red card suspensions may be extended for serious offences)
Receiving two yellow cards in two different matches (yellow card suspensions are carried forward to the play-offs, but not the finals or any other future international matches)
The following suspensions were served during the qualifying matches:
Player
Team
Offence(s)
Suspended for match(es)
Mišo Brečko Slovenia vs Ukraine in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying (17 November 2015) vs Lithuania (4 September 2016)
Martin Škrtel Slovakia vs England (4 September 2016) vs Slovenia (8 October 2016)
Jonathan Caruana Malta vs Scotland (4 September 2016) vs England (8 October 2016)
Luke Gambin Malta vs Scotland (4 September 2016) vs England (8 October 2016)
vs Lithuania (11 October 2016)
Tomáš Hubočan Slovakia vs England (4 September 2016)
vs Slovenia (8 October 2016) vs Scotland (11 October 2016)
Jonathan Caruana Malta vs Lithuania (11 October 2016) vs Slovenia (11 November 2016)
vs Slovakia (26 March 2017)
Aljaž Struna Slovenia vs Slovakia (8 October 2016)
vs England (11 October 2016) vs Malta (11 November 2016)
Gary Cahill England vs Slovenia (11 October 2016)
vs Scotland (11 November 2016) vs Lithuania (26 March 2017)
Georgas Freidgeimas Lithuania vs Scotland (8 October 2016)
vs Slovakia (11 November 2016) vs England (26 March 2017)
Andrei Agius Malta vs Lithuania (11 October 2016)
vs Slovenia (11 November 2016) vs Slovakia (26 March 2017)
Egidijus Vaitkūnas Lithuania vs Scotland (8 October 2016)
vs England (26 March 2017) vs Slovakia (10 June 2017)
Artūras Žulpa Lithuania vs Slovenia (4 September 2016)
vs England (26 March 2017) vs Slovakia (10 June 2017)
Jean Paul Farrugia Malta vs Slovakia (26 March 2017) vs Slovenia (10 June 2017)
Juraj Kucka Slovakia vs Slovenia (8 October 2016)
vs Malta (26 March 2017) vs Lithuania (10 June 2017)
Adam Nemec Slovakia vs Malta (26 March 2017) vs Lithuania (10 June 2017)
Valter Birsa Slovenia vs England (11 October 2016)
vs Scotland (26 March 2017) vs Malta (10 June 2017)
Boštjan Cesar Slovenia vs Slovakia (8 October 2016)
vs Scotland (26 March 2017) vs Malta (10 June 2017)
Miral Samardžić Slovenia vs Lithuania (4 September 2016)
vs Scotland (26 March 2017) vs Malta (10 June 2017)
Eric Dier England vs Slovenia (11 October 2016)
vs Scotland (10 June 2017) vs Malta (1 September 2017)
Alfred Effiong Malta vs Scotland (4 September 2016)
vs Slovenia (10 June 2017) vs England (1 September 2017)
Paul Fenech Malta vs Scotland (4 September 2016)
vs Slovenia (10 June 2017) vs England (1 September 2017)
Nerijus Valskis Lithuania vs Malta (11 October 2016)
vs Slovakia (10 June 2017) vs Scotland (1 September 2017)
Ján Ďurica Slovakia vs Slovenia (8 October 2016)
vs Lithuania (10 June 2017) vs Slovenia (1 September 2017)
Martin Škrtel Slovakia vs Malta (26 March 2017)
vs Lithuania (10 June 2017) vs Slovenia (1 September 2017)
Linas Klimavičius Lithuania vs Slovakia (10 June 2017)
vs Slovenia (4 September 2017) vs Malta (5 October 2017)
Darvydas Šernas Lithuania vs Slovakia (10 June 2017)
vs Slovenia (4 September 2017) vs Malta (5 October 2017)
Ryan Fenech Malta vs Slovenia (10 June 2017)
vs Scotland (4 September 2017) vs Lithuania (5 October 2017)
Milan Škriniar Slovakia vs Lithuania (10 June 2017)
vs England (4 September 2017) vs Scotland (5 October 2017)
Mantas Kuklys Lithuania vs Scotland (8 October 2016)
vs Malta (5 October 2017) vs England (8 October 2017)
Zach Muscat Malta vs Slovenia (11 November 2016)
vs Lithuania (5 October 2017) vs Slovakia (8 October 2017)
Róbert Mak Slovakia vs Scotland (5 October 2017) vs Malta (8 October 2017)
Valter Birsa Slovenia vs Slovakia (1 September 2017)
vs England (5 October 2017) vs Scotland (8 October 2017)
Rene Krhin Slovenia vs Slovakia (8 October 2016)
vs England (5 October 2017) vs Scotland (8 October 2017)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ CET (UTC+1) for matches on 11 November 2016, and CEST (UTC+2) for all other matches.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "FIFA World Cup qualifying draw format". UEFA.com. 16 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "European teams learn World Cup qualifying fate". UEFA.com. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Regulations – 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" (PDF). FIFA.com.
Jump up ^ "World Cup European Qualifiers fixtures confirmed". UEFA.com. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fixture List – 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Competition" (PDF). UEFA.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2015.
External links[edit]
Official FIFA World Cup website
Qualifiers – Europe: Round 1, FIFA.com
FIFA World Cup, UEFA.com
Standings – Qualifying round: Group F, UEFA.com
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2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
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text:
Eddie and the Cruisers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Eddie and the Cruisers
Theatrical release poster.
Directed by
Martin Davidson
Produced by
Joseph Brooks
Robert K. Lifton
Screenplay by
Martin Davidson
Arlene Davidson
Based on
The novel by P. F. Kluge
Starring
Tom Berenger
Michael Paré
Music by
John Cafferty
Cinematography
Fred Murphy
Edited by
Priscilla Nedd-Friendly
Production
company
Aurora Productions
Distributed by
Embassy Pictures
Release date
September 23, 1983 (1983-09-23)
Running time
95 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$5 million[1]
Box office
$4,700,000
$11,422,500 (Inflation)
Eddie and the Cruisers is a 1983 American film directed by Martin Davidson with the screenplay written by the director and Arlene Davidson, based on the novel by P. F. Kluge. The film was marketed with the tagline "Rebel. Rocker. Lover. Idol. Vanished."
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Cast notes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Shooting
5 Soundtrack
6 Reaction
7 Critical reception
8 Re-release
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Plot[edit]
A television reporter named Maggie Foley (Ellen Barkin) investigates the mysterious disappearance of legendary rock star Eddie Wilson (Michael Paré). Flashbacks dramatize Eddie's life and the rise and fall of his rock and roll band, Eddie and the Cruisers.
The band gets its start at a Somers Point, New Jersey club called Tony Mart's. Not adept at writing lyrics, Eddie hires Frank Ridgeway (Tom Berenger) aka "Wordman" to be the band's keyboard player and lyricist, over the protests of band manager Doc Robbins (Joe Pantoliano) and bassist Sal Amato (Matthew Laurance). Rounding out the Cruisers are saxophonist Wendell Newton (Michael "Tunes" Antunes), background singer and Eddie's girlfriend Joann Carlino (Helen Schneider), and drummer Kenny Hopkins (David Wilson).
The band's first album, Tender Years, became a major hit album. But recording their next album, A Season in Hell, turns out to be a nightmare. Inspired by the bleak, fatalistic poetry of Arthur Rimbaud, Eddie pushes his bandmates beyond their limits, musically and personally. Eddie wants to be great, but bassist Sal replies, "We ain't great. We're just some guys from Jersey." Eddie makes this clear that if the band cannot be great, there is no reason to ever play music again. A Season in Hell is ultimately rejected by Satin Records on the grounds that it is "dark and strange". In the early morning hours, Eddie's car crashes through the railing and over the Stainton Memorial Causeway. Eddie vanishes without a trace, his body never found.
Almost 20 years later, Satin re-releases the band's first album, which charts even higher than it did originally. A television documentary is soon in the works, exploring the mystery of the band's second album, which had disappeared from the vaults of Satin Records the day after Eddie's disappearance. All of the original Cruisers are set to participate in it except Eddie and Wendell Newton, who had died of an overdose in August 1963 at age 37. The others are now living ordinary lives: Sal Amato fronts a Cruisers tribute band. Ridgeway is a high school English teacher in Vineland. Doc works as a radio disc jockey in Asbury Park. Joann is a stage choreographer in Wildwood, and Hopkins works in an Atlantic City casino.
During the documentary interviews, the band expresses a desire to relive the past, even though many of their memories are humiliating. For example, during a concert at Benton College, where Frank was once a student, Eddie ridicules Frank repeatedly by referring to him as "Toby Tyler". The other Cruisers members share similar stories.
Joann is able to complete the one piece of the puzzle that Frank could not: revealing what happened to the band's second album. After storming from the studio, Eddie brought her to the Palace of Depression, a makeshift castle made of garbage and junk that he visited often as a child. She reveals it was in fact she who took the master tapes for the album from Satin Records, hiding them in the Palace of Depression, where she felt they belonged.
Frank and Joann go back to the Palace of Depression to retrieve the master tapes. A mystery man driving a blue '57 Chevy Bel Air convertible identical to Eddie's arrives at the house and calls to Joann. But before she can reach the car, Frank unmasks the impostor, revealing him to be Doc, who was after the master tapes all these years. Moved by his story, Frank and Joann give him the master tapes. Doc drives off into the night vowing that the Cruisers will finally conquer the world this time.
In a surprise reveal at the ending, a bearded, much older looking Eddie is shown alive, watching the ending credits of Foley's documentary tribute to him and the band roll through the window of an appliance store. He smiles serenely, proud to know that his work is finally being heard, and then disappears into the night.
Cast[edit]
Tom Berenger as Frank Ridgeway
Michael Paré as Eddie Wilson
Joe Pantoliano as Doc Robbins
Matthew Laurance as Sal Amato
Helen Schneider as Joann Carlino
David Wilson as Kenny Hopkins
Michael "Tunes" Antunes as Wendell Newton
Ellen Barkin as Maggie Foley
Joanne Collins as Regina Lewis
Cast notes[edit]
Only two cast members, Michael "Tunes" Antunes, the tenor saxophone player for John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band, and backup singer Helen Schneider were professional musicians in the fictional band.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Martin Davidson has said that the inspiration for the film came from a desire to "get all my feelings about the music of the last 30 years of rock music into it."[2] He optioned P. F. Kluge's novel with his own money and at great financial risk.[3] He wrote the screenplay with Arlene Davidson and decided to use a Citizen Kane-style story structure. He remembered, "That was in my head: the search."[4]
Davidson made a deal with Time-Life, a company that was going into the movie-making business. However, it quickly left the business after making two films that were not financially successful. He was understandably upset and a couple of days later he went out to dinner and met a secretary who had worked on his first film.[3] He told her what had happened to his film, and she gave his script for Eddie and the Cruisers to her business partners. In a relatively short time, a deal was struck with Aurora and Davidson was given a $6 million budget.
Shooting[edit]
In order to get a credible looking and sounding band for the film, Davidson hired Kenny Vance, one of the original members of Jay and the Americans.[4] He showed Davidson his scrapbook, the places the band performed, the car they drove in, and how they transported their instruments. Vance also told Davidson stories about the band, some of which he incorporated into the script.[4] Tom Berenger has said that he did not try to learn piano for the film but did practice keyboards for hours in his trailer.[5] Matthew Laurance actually learned how to play the bass through rehearsals. Only Michael "Tunes" Antunes, the tenor saxophone player for John Cafferty and the Beaver Brown Band, and Helen Schneider were professional musicians in the cast.[6]
Michael Paré was discovered in a New York City restaurant working as a chef. He said of his role in the film that it was "a thrill I've never experienced. It's a really weird high. For a few moments, you feel like a king, a god. It's scary, a dangerous feeling. If you take it too seriously ..."[5]
Davidson had the actors who played in Eddie's band rehearse as if they were getting ready for a real concert. Pare remembers, "The first time we played together - as a band - was a college concert. An odd thing happened. At first, the extras simply did what they were told. Then, as the music heated up, so did the audience. They weren't play-acting anymore. The screaming, stomping and applause became spontaneous."[6] Davidson recalls, "One by one, kids began standing up in their seats, screaming and raising their hands in rhythmic applause. A few girls made a dash for the stage, tearing at Michael's shirt. We certainly hadn't told them to do that. But we kept the cameras rolling."[6] Additionally, New Jersey musician Southside Johnny was hired as a technical advisor for the film.[7]
Ellen Barkin, who has the small role of the television reporter, Maggie Foley, later said that she "hated" making the film:
That was what we liked to call a "pay the rent" job. It wasn't a script I liked, but I remember my agent at the time saying, "Look, you only have to work two weeks, and they're going to pay you a lot of money. We'll just say it was your first movie and they just didn't release it." I think people were all fucked up on drugs. I don't know. I was a little removed, because I wasn't on the movie the whole time, but it seemed like it was just a mess. Like, when I'd go, I'd think--I like to make a movie where I know who the boss is. I like a big boss. I like a real director. And it seemed like it was just, "Who's driving the ship here? What's going on?"[8]
According to Davidson, when he completed the film, three different studios wanted to distribute it, and he went with Embassy Pictures because they offered him the most money. However, they had no prior experience in distribution and were unable to properly release it in theaters. Davidson remembered, "And six months later, somebody said, 'Your picture is appearing on HBO this weekend,' and I didn't even know."[9]
Soundtrack[edit]
Vance asked Davidson to describe his fictitious band and their music. Initially, Davidson said that the Cruisers sounded like Dion and the Belmonts, but when they meet Frank, they have elements of Jim Morrison and The Doors.[4] However, Davidson did not want to lose sight of the fact that the Cruisers were essentially a Jersey bar band, and he thought of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. The filmmaker told Vance to find him someone that could produce music that contained elements of these three bands.[4] Davidson was getting close to rehearsals when Vance called him and said that he had found the band--John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band from Providence, Rhode Island.
Davidson met the band and realized that they closely resembled the band as described in the script, right down to a Cape Verdean saxophone player, whom he cast in the film.[10] Initially, Cafferty was only hired to write a few songs for the film, but he did such a good job of capturing the feeling of the 1960s and 1980s that Davidson asked him to score the entire film.[6]
After successful screenings on HBO in 1984, the album suddenly climbed the charts, going quadruple platinum. The studio re-released the soundtrack in the fall of 1984.[11] Nine months after the film was released in theaters, the main song in the film, "On the Dark Side," was the number one song in the country on Billboard's Mainstream, Rock, and Heatseeker charts;[12] and #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[13][14] Another single from the film, "Tender Years", peaked at #31 on the Billboard Hot 100.[15]
Reaction[edit]
Eddie and the Cruisers was originally intended to open during the summer, but a scheduling error resulted in a September release, when its target audience - teenagers - were back in school.[10] The film had its world premiere at Deauville.[16] Embassy Pictures threw a promotional party for the film at a West Hollywood dance club in September, 1983 where Cafferty and his band played.[2]
The film was a box office flop, receiving many negative to mixed reviews from critics(see below). The film was released in theaters on September 23, 1983 and grossed $1.4 million on its opening weekend. It would go on to make a paltry $4.7 million in North America.[17] The film was pulled from theaters after three weeks and all of the promotional ads pulled after one week.[10]
In the fall of 1984, the single "On the Dark Side" from the soundtrack album suddenly climbed the charts, as the film was rediscovered on cable television and home video, prompting the studio to briefly re-release the album.
Critical reception[edit]
Eddie and the Cruisers was not well received by critics. Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars and wrote, "the ending is so frustrating, so dumb, so unsatisfactory, that it gives a bad reputation to the whole movie."[18]
In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote, "Some of the details ring uncannily true, like the slick oldies nightclub act that one of the Cruisers is still doing nearly 20 years after Eddie's supposed death. Other aspects of the film are inexplicably wrong. Eddie's music sounds good, but it also sounds a lot like Bruce Springsteen's, and it would not have been the rage in 1963." However, she did praise Paré's performance: "Mr. Paré makes a fine debut; he captures the manner of a hot-blooded young rocker with great conviction, and his lip-synching is almost perfect."[19]
Gary Arnold, in the Washington Post, wrote, "At any rate, it seemed to me that what Eddie and the Cruisers aspired to do was certainly worth doing. The problem is that it finally lacks the storytelling resources to tell enough of an intriguing story about a musical mystery man."[20]
Re-release[edit]
In 1984, Eddie and the Cruisers was discovered by additional audiences during its first pay cable run on HBO.[12] Embassy Pictures re-released the film for one week based on successful summer cable screenings and a popular radio single, but it once again failed to perform at the box office.[21] Looking back, Davidson said, "that picture should have been a theatrical success. There was an audience for it. People still watch it and still tell me about it."[12]
Davidson was offered the job of directing a sequel to the film, but he was not keen on the idea and wanted no participation.[12] The eventual project, which, unlike the first, had had no source novel from Kluge as its basis, was released as Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! in 1989.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tom Cody, Pleased To Meet Ya! INTERVIEW: Michael Paré talks with TV STORE ONLINE about the cult classic STREETS OF FIRE", TV Store Online October 30, 2013 accessed 23 March 2014
^ Jump up to: a b Deans, Laurie (September 2, 1983). "Movie dogs faking it as fur flies". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b Muir 2007, p. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Muir 2007, p. 86.
^ Jump up to: a b Deans, Laurie (September 23, 1983). "Most of the cast just fakes the rock". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Eddie and the Cruisers Production Notes". MGM. 1983.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Ellen Barkin on great directors and her favorite roles, from Diner to Buckaroo Banzai" By Sam Fragoso, Random Roles - AV Club Mar 14, 2015 accessed 30 March 2015
Jump up ^ Meyer, Andrea (November 14, 2000). "INTERVIEW: Martin Davidson’s Echo; A Hollywood Vet’s Tale of Dashed Dreams". indieWIRE. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c Muir 2007, p. 87.
Jump up ^ Deans, Laurie (October 5, 1984). "A whole lot of shootin' going on, Western-style". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Muir 2007, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Walt Bailey. "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 10/27/84". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 11/3/84". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 1/12/85". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ Chase, Chris (August 5, 1983). "At the Movies". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Eddie and the Cruisers". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (September 23, 1983). "Eddie and the Cruisers". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (September 23, 1983). "Early Rock Days, Eddie and the Cruisers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Gary (September 30, 1983). "Elusive Eddie". Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Cockrell, Eddie (October 26, 1984). "Insights on Film". Washington Post.
Bibliography[edit]
Muir, John Kenneth. The Rock and Roll Film Encyclopedia. Applause Books, 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Eddie and the Cruisers
Eddie and the Cruisers on IMDb
Eddie and the Cruisers at AllMovie
Eddie and the Cruisers at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
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t
e
Films directed by Martin Davidson
The Lords of Flatbush (1974)
Almost Summer (1978)
Hero at Large (1980)
Eddie and the Cruisers (1983)
Long Gone (1987)
Heart of Dixie (1989)
Hard Promises (1991)
Looking for an Echo (2000)
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Massachusetts Charter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was a document that formally established the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Issued by the government of William III and Mary II, the corulers of the Kingdom of England, the charter defined the government of the colony, whose lands were drawn from those previously belonging to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and portions of the Province of New York. The territorial claims embodied in the charter also encompassed all of present-day Maine (some of which had been claimed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.
The charter was approved by William and Mary on October 7, 1691 and established English rule of the colony, by appointing a governor, deputy governor and secretary, to be elected by members of the council.[1] It took away many of its rights of self-government that had previously been enjoyed by Massachusetts and Plymouth authorities, transitioning the power in Boston from elected to royally appointed governors.[2] William and Mary appointed Sir William Phips as the new governor.[3] The charter established freedom of worship and removed religious restrictions on voting, although Roman Catholics were still frowned on.[3][4] Economically the charter benefited the British by reserving the right of free fishery to British interests only.[5]
Towns across the colony grew in status as a result of the charter.[6] Although power remained unchanged in Boston, towns across the colony quickly used the increased autonomy provided by the Charter to grant churches the right to choose their own ministers.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Schutz, John A. (5 June 1997). Legislators of the Massachusetts General Court, 1691-1780: A Biographical Dictionary. UPNE. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-55553-304-5. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Massachusetts Government Act". Historywiz.com. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Ayers, Edward L.; Gould, Lewis L.; Oshinsky, David M. (1 January 2011). American Passages. Cengage Learning. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-495-90921-7. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Finney, Jerald (30 August 2008). God Betrayed. Xulon Press. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-60647-541-6. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ United States Congress (1913). Congressional Edition. U.S. G.P.O. p. 2405. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Wakelyn, Jon L. (2006). America's Founding Charters: Primary Documents of Colonial and Revolutionary Era Governance. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-313-33155-8. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
External links[edit]
The Charter of 1691
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Charter&oldid=805179418"
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