text:
The Drifters discography
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This list of songs or music-related items is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
This discography focuses solely on that of American vocal group The Drifters as managed by the Treadwell family.
Singles[edit]
Year
Titles (A-side, B-side)
Both sides from same album except where indicated
Lead singer
Label
Chart positions
Album
US
Hot 100
US R&B
UK
1953 "Money Honey"
b/w "The Way I Feel" (Non-album track) Clyde McPhatter Atlantic 1 Clyde McPhatter & The Drifters
1954 "Lucille" / Non-album track
"Such A Night" 2 Clyde McPhatter & The Drifters
"Honey Love"
b/w "Warm Your Heart" 21 1
"Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)"
b/w "Bip Bam" (Non-album track) A: Clyde McPhatter
B: Bill Pinkney & Clyde McPhatter
"White Christmas"
b/w "The Bells Of St. Mary's" A: Bill Pinkney & Clyde McPhatter
B: Clyde McPhatter 80 5
1955 "Whatcha Gonna Do"
b/w "Gone" (Non-album track) Clyde McPhatter 2
"Everyone's Laughing"
b/w "Hot Ziggety" Non-album tracks
"Adorable" / Johnny Moore 1 Rockin' & Driftin'
1956 "Steamboat" Bill Pinkney 5
"Your Promise To Be Mine" / Gerhart Thrasher
"Ruby Baby"
b/w "Your Promise To Be Mine"
Johnny Moore 10
"I Gotta Get Myself A Woman"
b/w "Soldier Of Fortune" A: Johnny Moore
B: Johnny Moore & Bill Pinkney 11
1957 "Fools Fall In Love"
b/w "It Was A Tear" Johnny Moore 69 10
"Drifting Away From You" / Gerhart Thrasher
"Hypnotized" Johnny Moore 79
"I Know"
b/w "Yodee Yakee"
"Drip Drop" / Bobby Hendricks 58
"Moonlight Bay" Group Ensemble 72
1959 "There Goes My Baby"
b/w "Oh My Love" Ben E. King 2 1 The Drifters' Greatest Hits
"(If You Cry) True Love, True Love" / Johnny Lee Williams 33 5
"Dance With Me" Ben E. King 15 2 17 (As A-side)
1960 "This Magic Moment" / 16 4
"Baltimore" Charlie Thomas & Elsbeary Hobbs
"Lonely Winds"
b/w "Hey Senorita" A: Ben E. King
B:Charlie Thomas 54 9
"Save the Last Dance for Me"
b/w "Nobody But Me" Ben E. King 1 1 2 Save The Last Dance For Me
"I Count The Tears" / 17 6 28
"Suddenly There's A Valley" Tommy Evans & Bobby Hendricks The Drifters' Greatest Hits
1961 "Some Kind of Wonderful"
b/w "Honey Bee" (Non-album track) A: Rudy Lewis
B: David Baughn 32 6 Save The Last Dance For Me
"Please Stay"
b/w "No Sweet Lovin'" 14 13
"Sweets for My Sweet"
b/w "Loneliness Or Happiness" (from Up On The Roof - The Best Of The Drifters) A: Charlie Thomas
B: Ben E. King 16 10
"Room Full Of Tears"
b/w "Somebody New Dancin' With You" A: Charlie Thomas
B: Rudy Lewis 72
1962 "When My Little Girl Is Smiling"
b/w "Mexican Divorce" 28 31
"Stranger on the Shore"
b/w "What To Do" Rudy Lewis 73 Up On The Roof - The Best Of The Drifters
"Sometimes I Wonder"
b/w "Jackpot" (from Save The Last Dance For Me) A: Ben E. King
B: Rudy Lewis All Time Greatest Hits and More -- 1959-1965
"Up on the Roof"
b/w "Another Night With The Boys" (from Up On The Roof - The Best Of The Drifters) Rudy Lewis 5 4 Our Biggest Hits
1963 "On Broadway"
b/w "Let The Music Play" 9 7
"If You Don't Come Back" / Johnny Moore
"Rat Race" Rudy Lewis 71
"I'll Take You Home"
b/w "I Feel Good All Over" A: Johnny Moore
B: Charlie Thomas 25 24 37
1964 "Vaya con Dios"
b/w "In The Land Of Make Believer" A: Rudy Lewis
B: Rudy Lewis & Johnny Moore 43
"One-Way Love"
b/w "Didn't It" Johnny Moore 56
"Under the Boardwalk"
b/w "I Don't Want To Go On Without You" (from I'll Take You Where The Music's Playing) A: Johnny Moore
B: Charlie Thomas 4 1 (Cashbox) 45 Under The Boardwalk
"I've Got Sand In My Shoes"
b/w "He's Just A Playboy" Johnny Moore 33 21 I'll Take You Where The Music's Playing
"Saturday Night At The Movies"
b/w "Spanish Lace" (from I'll Take You Where The Music's Playing) 18 8 3 (in 1972) The Good Life With The Drifters
"The Christmas Song"
b/w "I Remember Christmas" Non-album tracks
1965 "At the Club"
b/w "Answer The Phone" 43 10 35 I'll Take You Where The Music's Playing
"Come On Over To My Place"
b/w "Chains Of Love" A: Johnny Moore
B: Charlie Thomas 60 9 (in 1972)
"Follow Me"
b/w "The Outside World"
"I'll Take You Where The Music's Playing"
b/w "Far From The Maddening Crowd" Johnny Moore 51
"Nylon Stockings"
b/w "We Gotta Sing" Non-album tracks
1966 "Memories Are Made of This"
b/w "My Islands In The Sun" 48
"Up In The Streets Of Harlem"
b/w "You Can't Love Them All" A: Johnny Moore
B: Charlie Thomas
"Baby What I Mean"
b/w "Aretha" Johnny Moore 37 49
1967 "Ain't It The Truth"
b/w "Up Jumped The Devil" A: Johnny Moore
B: Bill Fredericks 36
1968 "Still Burning In My Heart"
b/w "I Need You Now" 111
1969 "Steal Away"
b/w "Your Best Friend" A: Bill Fredericks
B: Johnny Moore
1970 "You Got To Pay Your Dues"
b/w "Black Silk" A: Johnny Moore
B: Bill Fredericks
1971 "A Rose By Any Other Name"
b/w "Be My Lady" Johnny Moore
1972 "Something Tells Me (Something's Gonna Happen Tonight)"
b/w "Every Night" Johnny Moore Bell
1973 "You've Got Your Troubles"
b/w "I'm Feeling Sad (and So Lonely)"
"Like Sister and Brother"
b/w "The Songs We Used To Sing" (Non-album track) 7 The Best Of The Drifters
1974 "Kissin' In The Back Row Of The Movies"
b/w "I'm Feelin' Sad" (Non-album track) 83 2
"Down On The Beach Tonight"
b/w "Say Goodbye To Angelina" 7 Non-album tracks
1975 "Love Games"
b/w "The Cut Is Deep" (Non-album track) 33 The Best Of The Drifters
"There Goes My First Love"
b/w "Don't Cry On The Weekend" (Non-album track) 3
"Can I Take You Home Little Girl"
b/w "Please Help Me Down" (Non-album track) 10
1976 "Hello Happiness"
b/w "I Can't Get Away From You" (Non-album track) 12
"Every Night's A Saturday Night With You"
b/w "I'll Get To Know Your Name Along The Way" 29 Non-album tracks
"You're More Than A Number in My Little Red Book"
b/w "Do You Have To Go Now" A:Johnny Moore & Clyde Brown
B: Johnny Moore Arista 5
1979 "Save the Last Dance for Me"
b/w "When My Little Girl Is Smiling" A: Ben E. King
B: Charlie Thomas Lightning 69 Save The Last Dance For Me
2013 "The Whole World" Michael Williams Neon
Albums[edit]
Year
Album
Lead singer
Label
Songs
1956 Clyde McPhatter & the Drifters Clyde McPhatter, Bill Pinkney Atlantic Without Love (There Is Nothing), Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You), Treasure Oo Love, I'm Not Worthy of You, Bells of St. Marys, White Christmas, I Make Believe, Seven Days, Warm Your Heart, Money Honey, What'cha Gonna Do, Such a Night, Honey Love, Thirty Days
1958 Rockin' & Driftin' Johnny Moore, Bobby Hendricks, Bill Pinkney, Gerhart Thrasher Moonlight Bay, Ruby Baby, Drip Drop, I Gotta Get Myself a Woman, Fools Fall in Love, Hypnotized, Yodee Yakee, I Know, Soldier of Fortune, Drifting Away from You, Your Promise to Be Mine, It Was a Tear, Adorable, Steamboat
1962 Save the Last Dance for Me Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Charlie Thomas Save the Last Dance for Me, I Count the Tears, Somebody New Dancin' with You, Jackpot, No Sweet Lovin', Sweets for Sweet, Mexican Divorce, When My Little Girl Is Smiling, Some Kind of Wonderful, Please Stay, Nobody But Me, Room Full of Tears
1964 Under the Boardwalk Rudy Lewis, Johnny Moore, Charlie Thomas Under the Boardwalk, One Way Love, On Broadway, Didn't It, I Feel Good All Over, Vaya Con Dios, Up On The Roof, Rat Race, in the Land of Make Believe, If You Don't Come Back, Let the Music Play, I'll Take You Home
1965 The Good Life with the Drifters Johnny Moore Quando Quando Quando, On the Street Where You Live, I Wish You Love, Tonight, More, What Kind of Fool Am I, The Good Life, As Long As She Needs Me, Desafinado, Who Can I Turn to (When Nobody Needs Me), Saturday Night at the Movies, Temptation
1966 I'll Take You Where the Music's Playing Johnny Moore, Charlie Thomas I'll Take You Where the Music's Playing, I've Got Sand in My Shoes, At the Club, I Don't Want to Go On Without You, Answer The Phone, He's Just a Playboy, Follow Me, Spanish Lace, Chains of Love, Far from the Maddening Crowd, The Outside World, Come On Over to My Place
1973 The Drifters Now Johnny Moore, Bill Fredericks, Clyde Brown Bell You've Got Your Troubles, Sweet Caroline, Always Something There to Remind Me
1975 Love Games Kissin in the Back Row of the Movies, Like Sister and Brother, Down on the Beach Tonight
There Goes My First Love "Hello Happiness", "Harlem Child", "The Juggler", "Lovin' You Is Easy", "And with No Regrets", "If Only I Could Start Again", "I've Got You On My Mind", "You Chose a Fine Time", "Don't Cry On a Weekend", "Please Help Me Down", "Can I Take You Home Little Girl", "There Goes My First Love"
1976 Every Nite's a Saturday Night "You're More Than a Number in My Little Red Book", "I'll Get to Know Your Name Along the Way", "Do You Have to Go Now", "Like a Movie I've Seen Before", "Twice a Week", "Another Kind of Sorrow", "Sweet Little Rock'n'Roller", "Midnight Cowboy", "Another Lonely Weekend", "I'll Know When True Love Passes By", "Summer in the City", "Every Nite's a Saturday Night with You"
2017 An Introduction to: The Drifters various Atlantic, Rhino There Goes My Baby, (If You Cry) True Love, True Love, Dance with Me, This Magic Moment, Save the Last Dance for Me, I Count the Tears, Some Kind of Wonderful, Up on the Roof, On Broadway, Under the Boardwalk
References[edit]
[hide]
v
t
e
The Drifters
Michael Williams
Pierre Herelle
Ryan King
Carlton Powell
Clyde McPhatter
Gerhart Thrasher
Andrew Thrasher
Bill Pinkney
Willie Ferbee
Walter Adams
Ben E. King
Doc Green
Beary Hobbs
Rudy Lewis
Charlie Thomas
Tommy Evans
Eugene Pearson
Johnny Terry
Johnny Moore
Bobby Hendricks
Rudy Ivan
Jimmy Lewis
Ray Lewis
Louis Price
Maurice Cannon
Prentiss McNeil
Compilation albums
The Drifters' Golden Hits
Songs
"Honey Love"
"I Don't Want to Go On Without You"
"Money Honey"
"On Broadway"
"Please Stay"
"Save the Last Dance for Me"
"Some Kind of Wonderful"
"Sweets for My Sweet"
"Drip Drop"
"There Goes My Baby"
"This Magic Moment"
"Under the Boardwalk"
"Up on the Roof"
"Vaya con Dios"
Discography
Book:The Drifters
Category:The Drifters
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Drifters_discography&oldid=795783314"
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text:
History of Timbuktu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
View of Timbuktu, Heinrich Barth (1858)
The following is a history of the city of Timbuktu, Mali.
Starting out as a seasonal settlement, Timbuktu became a permanent settlement early in the 12th century. After a shift in trading routes, Timbuktu flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves. It became part of the Mali Empire early in the 14th century. By this time it had become a major centre of learning in the area. In the first half of the 15th century the Tuareg tribes took control of the city for a short period until the expanding Songhai Empire absorbed the city in 1468. A Moroccan army defeated the Songhai in 1591, and made Timbuktu, rather than Gao, their capital.
The invaders established a new ruling class, the Arma, who after 1612 became virtually independent of Morocco. However, the golden age of the city was over, during which it was a major learning and cultural center of the Mali empire, and it entered a long period of decline. Different tribes governed until the French took over in 1893, a situation that lasted until it became part of the current Republic of Mali in 1960. Presently, Timbuktu is impoverished and suffers from desertification.
In its Golden Age, the town's numerous Islamic scholars and extensive trading network made possible an important book trade: together with the campuses of the Sankore Madrasah, an Islamic university, this established Timbuktu as a scholarly centre in Africa. Several notable historic writers, such as Shabeni and Leo Africanus, have described Timbuktu. These stories fueled speculation in Europe, where the city's reputation shifted from being extremely rich to being mysterious. This reputation overshadows the town itself in modern times, to the point where it is best known in Western culture as an expression for a distant or outlandish place.
Contents
[hide]
1 Prehistory
2 Sources
3 Origins
4 Rise of the Mali Empire
5 Tuareg rule and the Songhaian Empire
6 Moroccan conquest
7 European explorers
8 French colonial rule
9 World War II
10 Independence and onwards
11 Timbuktu today
12 Malian civil war
13 Notes
14 References
Prehistory[edit]
Chronology of Timbuktu
view • discuss • edit
1100 —
–
1200 —
–
1300 —
–
1400 —
–
1500 —
–
1600 —
–
1700 —
–
1800 —
–
1900 —
–
2000 —
Autonomous settlement
Mali Empire
Tuareg
Songhay Empire
Moroccan Pashalik
Arma pashalik
Maasina Empire
Tuareg
French colony
Republic of Mali
←
Visit by Ibn Battuta
←
Visit by Leo Africanus
←
Tarikh al-Sudan completed
←
Tuareg temporarily occupy town
←
Visit by René Caillié
←
Toucouleur Empire
←
Battle of Tondibi
←
Mali Federation
←
Azawad
Part of a series on the
History of Mali
Pre-Imperial Mali
Battle of Kirina
Twelve Doors of Mali
Ghana Empire (c. 700–c. 1200)
Soninke people
Koumbi Saleh
Mali Empire (c. 1235–1670)
Musa I of Mali
Mandinka people
Kouroukan Fouga
Great Mosque of Djenné
Sankore Madrasah
Songhai Empire (1464–1591)
Sonni Ali
Battle of Tondibi
After the Empires, 1591–1892
Saadi dynasty
Bamana Empire
Kaarta
Kénédougou Kingdom
Massina Empire
Toucouleur Empire
Wassoulou Empire
French colonization
French West Africa
Mali Federation
After Independence
Republic of Mali
Related topics
Years in Mali
History of West Africa
Mali portal
v
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e
Like other important Medieval West African towns such as Djenné (Jenné-Jeno), Gao, and Dia, Iron Age settlements have been discovered near Timbuktu that predate the traditional foundation date of the town. Although the accumulation of thick layers of sand has thwarted archaeological excavations in the town itself,[1][2] some of the surrounding landscape is deflating and exposing pottery shards on the surface. A survey of the area by Susan and Roderick McIntosh in 1984 identified several Iron Age sites along the el-Ahmar, an ancient wadi system that passes a few kilometers to the east of the modern town.[3]
An Iron Age tell complex located 9 kilometres (6 miles) southeast of the Timbuktu near the Wadi el-Ahmar was excavated between 2008 and 2010 by archaeologists from Yale University and the Mission Culturelle de Tombouctou. The results suggest that the site was first occupied during the 5th century BC, thrived throughout the second half of the 1st millennium AD and eventually collapsed sometime during the late 10th or early 11th century AD.[4][5]
Sources[edit]
Unlike Gao, Timbuktu is not mentioned by the early Arab geographers such as al-Bakri and al-Idrisi.[6] The first mention is by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who visited both Timbuktu and Kabara in 1353 when returning from a stay in the capital of the Mali Empire.[7] Timbuktu was still relatively unimportant and Battuta quickly moved on to Gao. At the time both Timbuktu and Gao formed part of the Mali Empire. A century and a half later, in around 1510, Leo Africanus visited Timbuktu. He gave a description of the town in his Descrittione dell'Africa which was published in 1550.[8] The original Italian was translated into a number of other languages and the book became widely known in Europe.[9]
The earliest surviving local documents are the 17th century chronicles, al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan and Ibn al-Mukhtar's Tarikh al-fattash. These provide information on the town at the time of the Songhay Empire and the invasion by Moroccan forces in 1591. The authors do not, in general, acknowledge their sources[10] but the accounts are likely to be based on oral tradition and on earlier written records that have not survived. Al-Sadi and Ibn al-Mukhtar were members of the scholarly class and their chronicles reflect the interests of this group.[11] The chronicles provide biographies of the imams and judges but contain relatively little information on the social and economic history of the town.[12]
The Tarikh al-fattash ends in around 1600 while the Tarikh al-Sudan continues to 1655. Information after this date is provided by the Tadhkirat al-Nisyan (A Reminder to the Obvious),[13][14] an anonymous biographical dictionary of the Moroccan rulers of Timbuktu written in around 1750. It does not contain the detail provided by the earlier Tarikh al-Sudan. A short chronicle written by Mawlay al-Qasim gives details of the pashalik in the second half of the 18th century.[15] For the 19th century there are numerous local sources but the information is very fragmented.[16]
Origins[edit]
When Abd al-Sadi wrote his chronicle Tarikh al-Sudan, based on oral tradition, in the 17th century, he dates the foundation at 'the end of the fifth century of the hijra' or around 1100 AD.[17] Al-Sadi saw Maghsharan Tuareg as the founders, as their summer encampment grew from temporary settlement to depot to travellers' meeting place. However, modern scholars believe that there is insufficient available evidence to pinpoint the exact time of origin and founders of Timbuktu, although it is clear that the city originated from a local trade between Saharan pastoralists and boat trade within the Niger River Delta.[18] The importance of the river prompted descriptions of the city as 'a gift of the Niger', in analogy to Herodotus's description of Egypt as 'gift of the Nile'.[19]
Rise of the Mali Empire[edit]
During the twelfth century, the remnants of the Ghana Empire were invaded by the Sosso Empire king Soumaoro Kanté.[20] Muslim scholars from Walata (beginning to replace Aoudaghost as trade route terminus) fled to Timbuktu and solidified the position of Islam,[21] a religion that had gradually spread throughout West Africa, mainly through commercial contacts.[22] Islam at the time in the area was not uniform, its nature changing from city to city, and Timbuktu's bond with the religion was reinforced through its openness to strangers that attracted religious scholars.[23]
Timbuktu was peacefully annexed by King Musa I when returning from his pilgrimage in 1324 to Mecca. The city became part of the Mali Empire and Musa I ordered the construction of a royal palace.[24] Both the Tarikh al-Sudan and the Tarikh al-fattash attribute the building of the Djinguereber Mosque to Musa I.[25][26][27] Two centuries later in 1570 Qadi al-Aqib had the mosque pulled down and rebuilt on a larger scale.[28]
In 1375, Timbuktu appeared in the Catalan Atlas, showing that it was, by then, a commercial centre linked to the North-African cities and had caught Europe's attention.[29]
Tuareg rule and the Songhaian Empire[edit]
With the power of the Mali Empire waning in the first half of the 15th century, Timbuktu became relatively autonomous, although Maghsharan Tuareg had a dominating position.[30] Thirty years later the rising Songhai Empire expanded, absorbing Timbuktu in 1468 or 1469. The city was led, consecutively, by Sunni Ali Ber (1468–1492), Sunni Baru (1492–1493) and Askia Mohammad I (1493–1528). Although Sunni Ali Ber was in severe conflict with Timbuktu after its conquest, Askia Mohammad I created a golden age for both the Songhai Empire and Timbuktu through an efficient central and regional administration and allowed sufficient leeway for the city's commercial centers to flourish.[30][31]
With Gao the capital of the empire, Timbuktu enjoyed a relatively autonomous position. Merchants from Ghadames, Awjilah, and numerous other cities of North Africa gathered there to buy gold and slaves in exchange for the Saharan salt of Taghaza and for North African cloth and horses.[32] Leadership of the Empire stayed in the Askia dynasty until 1591, when internal fights weakened the dynasty's grip and led to a decline of prosperity in the city.[33]
Moroccan conquest[edit]
Plan published by Félix Dubois in 1896
Following the Battle of Tondibi, the city was captured on 30 May 1591 by an expedition of mercenaries, dubbed the Arma. They were sent by the Saadi ruler of Morocco, Ahmad I al-Mansur, and were led by the Spanish Muslim Judar Pasha in search of gold mines. The Arma brought the end of an era of relative autonomy.[34][35] (see: Pashalik of Timbuktu) The following period brought economic and intellectual decline.[36]
In 1593, Ahmad I al-Mansur cited 'disloyalty' as the reason for arresting, and subsequently killing or exiling, many of Timbuktu's scholars, including Ahmad Baba.[37] Perhaps the city's greatest scholar, he was forced to move to Marrakesh because of his intellectual opposition to the Pasha, where he continued to attract the attention of the scholarly world.[38] Ahmad Baba later returned to Timbuktu, where he died in 1608.[39]
The city's decline continued, with the increasing trans-atlantic trade routes – transporting African slaves, including leaders and scholars of Timbuktu – marginalising Timbuktu's role as a trade and scholarly center.[40] While initially controlling the Morocco – Timbuktu trade routes, Morocco soon cut its ties with the Arma and the grip of the numerous subsequent pashas on the city began losing its strength: Tuareg temporarily took over control in 1737 and the remainder of the 18th century saw various Tuareg tribes, Bambara and Kounta briefly occupy or besiege the city.[41] During this period, the influence of the Pashas, who by then had mixed with the Songhay through intermarriage, never completely disappeared.[42]
This changed in 1826, when the Massina Empire took over control of the city until 1865, when they were driven away by the Toucouleur Empire. Sources conflict on who was in control when the French arrived: Elias N. Saad in 1983 suggests the Soninke Wangara,[41] a 1924 article in the Journal of the Royal African Society mentions the Tuareg,[43] while Africanist John Hunwick does not determine one ruler, but notes several states competing for power 'in a shadowy way' until 1893.[44]
European explorers[edit]
Historic descriptions of the city had been around since Leo Africanus's account in the first half of the 16th century, and they prompted several European individuals and organizations to make great efforts to discover Timbuktu and its fabled riches. In 1788 a group of titled Englishmen formed the African Association with the goal of finding the city and charting the course of the Niger River. The earliest of their sponsored explorers was a young Scottish adventurer named Mungo Park, who made two trips in search of the Niger River and Timbuktu (departing first in 1795 and then in 1805). It is believed that Park was the first Westerner to have reached the city, but he died in modern-day Nigeria without having the chance to report his findings.[45]
Heinrich Barth approaching Timbuktu on 7 September 1853
Disguised as a Muslim, René Caillié was one of the first non-Muslims to enter the city of Timbuktu.
In 1824, the Paris-based Société de Géographie offered a 10,000 franc prize to the first non-Muslim to reach the town and return with information about it.[46] The Scotsman Gordon Laing arrived in August 1826 but was killed the following month by local Muslims who were fearful of European intervention.[47] The Frenchman René Caillié arrived in 1828 travelling alone, disguised as a Muslim; he was able to safely return and claim the prize.[48]
The American sailor Robert Adams claimed to have visited Timbuktu in 1812, while he was enslaved for several years in Northern Africa. After being freed by the British consul in Tangier and going to Europe, he gave an account of his experience, potentially making him the first Westerner for hundreds of years to have reached the city and returned to tell about it. However, his story quickly became controversial. While some historians have defended Adams' account,[49] more recent scholarship concludes that while Adams was almost certainly in Northern Africa, the discrepancies in his depiction of Timbuktu make it unlikely he ever visited the city.[50] Three other Europeans reached the city before 1890: Heinrich Barth in 1853 and the German Oskar Lenz with the Spaniard Cristobal Benítez in 1880.[51]
French colonial rule[edit]
After the scramble for Africa had been formalized in the Berlin Conference, land between the 14th meridian and Miltou, South-West Chad, became French territory, bounded in the south by a line running from Say, Niger to Baroua. Although the Timbuktu region was now French in name, the principle of effective occupation required France to actually hold power in those areas assigned, e.g. by signing agreements with local chiefs, setting up a government and making use of the area economically, before the claim would be definitive. On 15 December 1893, the city, by then long past its prime, was annexed by a small group of French soldiers, led by Lieutenant Gaston Boiteux.[52]
Timbuktu became part of French Sudan (Soudan Français), a colony of France. The colony was reorganised and the name changed several times during the French colonial period. In 1899 the French Sudan was subdivided and Timbuktu became part of Upper Senegal and Middle Niger (Haut-Sénégal et Moyen Niger). In 1902 the name became Senegambia and Niger (Sénégambie et Niger) and in 1904 this was changed again to Upper Senegal and Niger (Haut-Sénégal et Niger). This name was used until 1920 when it became French Sudan again.[53]
World War II[edit]
Peter de Neumann, alias The Man from Timbuctoo, pictured as Commander of HMRC Vigilant, approximately 1950
During World War II, several legions were recruited in French Soudan, with some coming from Timbuktu, to help general Charles de Gaulle fight Nazi-occupied France and southern Vichy France.[45]
About 60 British merchant seamen from the SS Allende (Cardiff), sunk on 17 March 1942 off the South coast of West Africa, were held prisoner in the city during the Second World War. Two months later, after having been transported from Freetown to Timbuktu, two of them, AB John Turnbull Graham (2 May 1942, age 23) and Chief Engineer William Soutter (28 May 1942, age 60) died there in May 1942. Both men were buried in the European cemetery – possibly the most remote British war graves tended by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[54]
They were not the only war captives in Timbuktu: Peter de Neumann was one of 52 men imprisoned in Timbuktu in 1942 when their ship, the SS Criton, was intercepted by two Vichy French warships. Although several men, including de Neumann, escaped, they were all recaptured and stayed a total of ten months in the city, guarded by natives. Upon his return to England, he became known as "The Man from Timbuctoo".[55]
Independence and onwards[edit]
Main articles: Republic of Mali and Mali Federation
After World War II, the French government under Charles de Gaulle granted the colony more and more freedom. After a period as part of the short-lived Mali Federation, the Republic of Mali was proclaimed on 22 September 1960. After 19 November 1968, a new constitution was created in 1974, making Mali a single-party state.[56]
By then, the canal linking the city with the Niger River had already been filled with sand from the encroaching desert. Severe droughts hit the Sahel region in 1973 and 1985, decimating the Tuareg population around Timbuktu who relied on goat herding. The Niger's water level dropped, postponing the arrival of food transport and trading vessels. The crisis drove many of the inhabitants of Tombouctou Region to Algeria and Libya. Those who stayed relied on humanitarian organizations such as UNICEF for food and water.[57]
Timbuktu today[edit]
Despite its illustrious history, modern-day Timbuktu is an impoverished town, poor even by Third World standards.[58][59] The population has grown an average 5.7% per year from 29,732 in 1998 to 54,453 in 2009.[60] As capital of the seventh Malian region, Tombouctou Region, Timbuktu is the seat of the current governor, Colonel Mamadou Mangara, who took over from Colonel Mamadou Togola in 2008. Mangara answers, as does each of the regional governors, to the Ministry of Territorial Administration & Local Communities.[61]
Current issues include dealing with both droughts and floods, the latter caused by an insufficient drainage system that fails to transport direct rainwater from the city centre. One such event damaged World Heritage property, killing two and injuring one in 2002.[62] Shifting of rain patterns due to climatic change and increased use of water for irrigation in the surrounding areas has led to water scarcity for agriculture and personal use.[63]
Malian civil war[edit]
Following increasing frustration within the armed forces over the Malian government's ineffective strategies to suppress a Tuareg rebellion in northern Mali, a military coup on 21 March 2012 overthrew President Amadou Toumani Touré and overturned the 1992 constitution.[64] The Tuareg rebels of the MNLA and Ansar Dine took advantage of the confusion to make swift gains, and on 1 April 2012, Timbuktu was captured from the Malian military.[65]
On 3 April 2012, the BBC News reported that the Islamist rebel group Ansar Dine had started implementing its version of sharia in Timbuktu.[66] That day, ag Ghaly gave a radio interview in Timbuktu announcing that Sharia law would be enforced in the city, including the veiling of women, the stoning of adulterers, and the punitive mutilation of thieves. According to Timbuktu's mayor, the announcement caused nearly all of Timbuktu's Christian population to flee the city.[67]
The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, containing Timbuktu, from Mali on 6 April 2012,[68] but was rapidly pushed aside by Islamist movements Ansar Dine and AQMI who installed sharia in the city and destroyed some of the burial chambers. In early June, a group of residents stated they had formed an armed militia to fight against the rebel occupation of the city. One member, a former army officer, stated that the proclaimer 'Patriots' Resistance Movement for the Liberation of Timbuktu' opposed the secession of northern Mali.[69] On 28 January 2013, French and Malian soldiers reclaimed Timbuktu with little or no resistance and reinstalled Malian governmental authorities.[70] Five days later, French President François Hollande accompanied by his Malian counterpart Dioncounda Traoré visited the city before heading to Bamako and were welcomed by an ecstatic population.[71]
The city has been attacked multiple times on several different occasions, once on 21 March 2013 when a suicide bomber detonated his explosives killing a Malian soldier, creating a fierce shoot-out at the international airport killing ten rebels. On 31 March, a group of 20 rebels infiltrated into Timbuktu as civilians and attacked the Malian army base in the city killing three Malian soldiers and injuring dozens more.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Insoll 2002.
Jump up ^ Insoll 2004.
Jump up ^ McIntosh & McIntosh 1986.
Jump up ^ Park 2010.
Jump up ^ Park 2011.
Jump up ^ Levtzion & Hopkins 2000.
Jump up ^ Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, p. 299.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, pp. 279–282.
Jump up ^ Black 2002.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, pp. lxii–lxiv.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. lxiv.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. xxxviii.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 21.
Jump up ^ Houdas 1901.
Jump up ^ Abitbol 1979, pp. 14–15.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 213.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. 29.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 6.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Fage 1956, pp. 22.
Jump up ^ Levtzion 1973, p. 147.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 24.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, p. 26.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, pp. 9–10.
Jump up ^ Levtzion 1973, p. 201.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. 81.
Jump up ^ Kâti 1913, p. 56.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. 153.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, pp. 9–10 note 6.
^ Jump up to: a b Saad 1983, p. 11.
Jump up ^ Fage 1956, pp. 27.
Jump up ^ "Timbuktu", Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., retrieved 5 November 2010
Jump up ^ Fage 1956, pp. 27–29.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. 192.
Jump up ^ Kaba 1981.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2000, p. 508.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. lxii–lxiii.
Jump up ^ Polgreen, Lydia (7 August 2007). "Timbuktu Hopes Ancient Texts Spark a Revival". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. lxiii.
Jump up ^ Pelizzo, Riccardo (2001). "Timbuktu: A Lesson in Underdevelopment" (PDF). Journal of World-Systems Research. 7 (2): 265–283. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Saad 1983, pp. 206–214.
Jump up ^ Saad 1983, pp. 206–209.
Jump up ^ Maugham, R.C.F. (1924), "Native Land Tenure in the Timbuktu Districts", Journal of the Royal African Society, 23 (90): 125–130, JSTOR 715389
Jump up ^ Hunwick 2003, p. xvi.
^ Jump up to: a b Brook, Larry; Webb, Ray (1999), Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Timbuktu, Runestone Press, p. 38, ISBN 0-8225-3215-8
Jump up ^ de Vries, Fred (7 January 2006). "Randje woestijn". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Amsterdam: PCM Uitgevers. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Fergus (2004). Off the Map. Atlantic Monthly Press. pp. 245–249. ISBN 978-0-871-13899-6.
Jump up ^ Caillié 1830.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Brian (1968). The Quest for Timbuctoo. London: Casell & Co. p. 29.
Jump up ^ Adams, Robert (2005). Charles Hansford Adams, ed. The Narrative of Robert Adams, A Barbary Captive: A Critical Edition. Cambridge University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 0521842840. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Barth 1857.
Jump up ^ Hacquard 1900, p. 71; Dubois 1896, p. 358
Jump up ^ Imperato 1989, pp. 48–49.
Jump up ^ Neumann, Bernard de (1 November 2008). "British Merchant Navy Graves in Timbuktu". Retrieved 5 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Lacey, Montague (10 February 1943). "The Man from Timbuctoo". Daily Express. London: Northern and Shell Media. p. 1. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Arts & Life in Africa". 15 October 1998. Archived from the original on 13 October 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Brooke, James (23 March 1988). "Timbuktu Journal; Sadly, Desert Nomads Cultivate Their Garden". The New York Times. Sulzberger, Jr., Arthur Ochs. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Floods Damage Ancient Timbuktu". BBC News Africa. 9 September 2003. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Harding, Andrew (30 November 2009). "Ancient Documents Reveal Legacy of Timbuktu". BBC World News America. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Resultats Provisoires RGPH 2009 (Région de Tombouctou) (PDF), République de Mali: Institut National de la Statistique, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22
Jump up ^ "Governorate of Tombouctou Region". AfDevInfo: Structured Database of African Development Information. IsiAfrica. 30 June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Baxter, Joan (9 September 2003). "Floods Damage Ancient Timbuktu". BBC News World Edition. BBC Worldwide. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Benjaminsen, Tor A; Gunnvor Berge (2004). "Myths of Timbuktu: From African El Dorado to Desertification". International Journal of Political Economy. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 34 (1): 31–59. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (1 April 2012). "Mali Coup Leader, Facing Sanction Threats, Promises to Hold Elections". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mali junta caught between rebels and Ecowas sanctions". BBC News. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mali: Timbuktu heritage may be threatened, Unesco says". BBC News. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tuareg rebels in Mali declare cease-fire, as Mali's neighbors prepare military intervention". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 5 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Tuareg rebels declare the independence of Azawad, north of Mali, Al Arabiya, 6 April 2012, retrieved 6 April 2012
Jump up ^ "Mali rebel groups 'clash in Kidal'". BBC News. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Euphoria as French, Malian troops take historic Timbuktu'". France24.com. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Polgreen, Lydia (2 February 2013). "Timbuktu Gives France's President an Ecstatic Welcome". The New York Times.
References[edit]
Abitbol, Michel (1979), Tombouctou et les Arma: de la conquête marocaine du Soudan nigérien en 1591 à l'hégémonie de l'empire Peulh du Macina en 1833 (in French), Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, ISBN 2-7068-0770-9 .
Barth, Heinrich (1857), Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H. B. M.'s government, in the years 1849–1855. (3 Vols), New York: Harper & Brothers . Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3.
Black, Crofton (2002), "Leo Africanus's "Descrittione dell'Africa" and its sixteenth-century translations", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, The Warburg Institute, 65: 262–272, JSTOR 4135111 .
Caillié, Réné (1830), Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and across the Great Desert, to Morocco, performed in the years 1824–1828 (2 Vols), London: Colburn & Bentley . Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2.
Cleaveland, Timothy (2008), "Timbuktu and Walata: lineages and higher education", in Jeppie, Shamil; Diagne, Souleymane Bachir, The Meanings of Timbuktu (PDF), Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp. 77–91, ISBN 978-0-7969-2204-5 .
Dubois, Felix (1896), Timbuctoo the mysterious, White, Diana (trans.), New York: Longmans .
Fage, J.D. (1956), An Introduction to the History of West Africa, London: Cambridge University Press, p. 22
Hacquard, Augustin (1900), Monographie de Tombouctou, Paris: Société des études coloniales & maritimes . Also available from Gallica.
Heath, Jeffrey (1999), A Grammar of Koyra Chiini: the Songhay of Timbuktu, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter .
Houdas, Octave (ed. and trans.) (1901), Tedzkiret en-nisiān fi Akhbar molouk es-Soudān (in French), Paris: E. Laroux . The anonymous 18th century Tadhkirat al-Nisyan is a biographical dictionary of the pashas of Timbuktu from the Moroccan conquest up to 1750.
Hunwick, John O. (2000), "Timbuktu", Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume X (2nd ed.), Leiden: Brill, pp. 508–510, ISBN 90-04-11211-1 .
Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 90-04-12560-4 . First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
Imperato, Pascal James (1989), Mali: A Search for Direction, Boulder CO: Westview Press, ISBN 1-85521-049-5 .
Insoll, Timothy (2002), "The Archaeology of Post Medieval Timbuktu" (PDF), Sahara, 13: 7–22, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08 .
Insoll, Timothy (2004), "Timbuktu the less Mysterious?" (PDF), in Mitchell, P.; Haour, A.; Hobart, J., Researching Africa's Past. New Contributions from British Archaeologists, Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 81–88 .
Jackson, James Grey (1820), An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, Territories in the Interior of Africa By El Hage Abd Salam Shabeeny, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown .
Jeppie, Shamil (2008), "Re/discovering Timbuktu", in Jeppie, Shamil; Diagne, Souleymane Bachir, The Meanings of Timbuktu (PDF), Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp. 1–17, ISBN 978-0-7969-2204-5 .
Kaba, Lansine (1981), "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591–1612)", Journal of African History, 22 (4): 457–475, doi:10.1017/S0021853700019861, JSTOR 181298, PMID 11632225 .
Kâti, Mahmoûd Kâti ben el-Hâdj el-Motaouakkel (1913), Tarikh el-fettach ou Chronique du chercheur, pour servir à l'histoire des villes, des armées et des principaux personnages du Tekrour (in French), Houdas, O., Delafosse, M. ed. and trans., Paris: Ernest Leroux . Also available from Aluka but requires subscription.
Leo Africanus (1896), The History and Description of Africa (3 Vols), Brown, Robert, editor, London: Hakluyt Society . A facsimile of Pory's English translation of 1600 together with an introduction and notes by the editor. Internet Archive: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3
Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), Ancient Ghana and Mali, London: Methuen, ISBN 0-8419-0431-6 . Link requires subscription to Aluka.
Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN 1-55876-241-8 . First published in 1981 by Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-22422-5.
McIntosh, Susan Keech; McIntosh, Roderick J. (1986), "Archaeological reconnaissance in the region of Timbuktu", National Geographic Research, 2: 302–319 .
Miner, Horace (1953), The primitive city of Timbuctoo, Princeton University Press . Link requires subscription to Aluka. Reissued by Anchor Books, New York in 1965.
Park, Douglas (2010), "Timbuktu and its prehistoric hinterland", Antiquity, 84: 1076–1088 .
Park, Douglas (2011), Climate Change, Human Response and the Origins of Urbanism at Prehistoric Timbuktu, New Haven: PhD thesis, Yale University, Department of Anthropology .
Saad, Elias N. (1983), Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables 1400–1900, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24603-2 .
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List of NBA franchise post-season droughts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise post-season appearance droughts. This list includes the all-time and the active consecutive non-playoffs. Aside from the NBA playoff appearance droughts, this list also includes droughts of series wins, appearances in the NBA Finals and NBA championship wins. The teams which have never made an NBA Playoffs appearance, an NBA Finals appearance championship. The oldest such franchise is the Suns (48 seasons), while the Royals/Kings and the Hawks have even longer championship droughts (67 and 60 seasons, respectively). Seven franchises have never been to the NBA Finals, the highest number among the major North American sports.[1] The oldest such team is the Braves/Clippers franchise (45 seasons); the Kings and the Hawks have appearance droughts that are even longer (65 and 58 seasons, respectively). The longest a franchise has gone without appearing in the playoffs at all is 15 seasons: the Braves/Clippers franchise from 1977 to 1991.
Of the 18 franchises that have won an NBA championship, 8 have droughts of 35 seasons or more, which is to say that the past 35 championships have been shared among only 10 franchises: the Lakers (8), the Bulls (6), the Spurs (5), the Celtics (3), the Pistons (3), the Heat (3), the Warriors (3), the Rockets (2), the Mavericks (1), and the Cavaliers (1). By contrast, the other three major North American sports have each had at least 16 franchises become champions over the same period of time.[2][3]
Contents
1 Active droughts
1.1 NBA Playoffs appearance droughts
1.2 NBA Playoffs series win droughts
1.3 NBA Division Championship droughts
1.4 NBA Conference Finals appearance droughts
1.5 NBA Finals appearance droughts
1.6 NBA championship title droughts
2 All-time droughts
2.1 Closest approaches without winning
2.2 Longest post-season droughts in team history
2.3 Longest NBA Playoffs appearance droughts
2.4 Longest Conference finals droughts
3 Finals droughts
3.1 NBA Finals in which neither team had previously won a championship
3.2 NBA Finals in which neither franchise had won a championship in 20-plus seasons
4 Teams awaiting their first NBA championship
4.1 Cities awaiting first NBA championship
4.2 NBA Championship droughts by division
5 See also
6 References
Active droughts[edit]
NBA Playoffs appearance droughts[edit]
Appearance droughts updated through the 2018 playoffs.
Playoff picture at NBA.com[4]
^ Longest drought in team history
Seasons
Team
Last earned appearance
in NBA playoffs
Reference
12 Sacramento Kings ^ 2006 First Round [5]
8 Phoenix Suns ^ 2010 Western Finals [6]
6 Orlando Magic ^ 2012 First Round [7]
5 Los Angeles Lakers ^ 2013 First Round [8]
5 Denver Nuggets 2013 First Round [9]
5 New York Knicks 2013 Eastern Semifinals [10]
3 Brooklyn Nets 2015 First Round [11]
2 Charlotte Hornets 2016 First Round [12]
2 Detroit Pistons 2016 First Round [13]
2 Dallas Mavericks 2016 First Round [14]
1 Chicago Bulls 2017 First Round [15]
1 Memphis Grizzlies 2017 First Round [16]
1 Atlanta Hawks 2017 First Round [17]
1 Los Angeles Clippers 2017 First Round [18]
2018 Playoff teams
– Indiana Pacers 2018 First Round [19]
– Miami Heat 2018 First Round [20]
– Washington Wizards 2018 First Round [21]
– Milwaukee Bucks 2018 First Round [22]
– Portland Trail Blazers 2018 First Round [23]
– Oklahoma City Thunder 2018 First Round [24]
– San Antonio Spurs 2018 First Round [25]
– Minnesota Timberwolves 2018 First Round [26]
– Philadelphia 76ers 2018 Eastern Semifinals [27]
– Toronto Raptors 2018 Eastern Semifinals [28]
– New Orleans Pelicans 2018 Western Semifinals [29]
– Utah Jazz 2018 Western Semifinals [30]
– Boston Celtics 2018 Eastern Finals [31]
– Houston Rockets 2018 Western Finals [32]
– Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 NBA Finals [33]
– Golden State Warriors 2018 NBA Finals [34]
NBA Playoffs series win droughts[edit]
Droughts updated through the 2018 playoffs.
Playoff picture at NBA.com[4]
0^0 Longest drought in team history
0†0 Tied for Longest drought in team history
0♦0 Most consecutive series losses in team history
0♣ ♣0 Most consecutive losses in NBA history
Current Playoff series loss streak
Team
Last series win
in NBA Playoffs
Seasons
since win
Losing
streak
Series losses – teams
Ref
Milwaukee Bucks ^ 2001 Eastern Semifinals 17 9 ♣♣ 2001 Philadelphia
2003 New Jersey Nets 00
2004 Detroit
2006 Detroit
2010 Atlanta
2013 Miami
2015 Chicago
2017 Toronto
2018 Boston [22]
Charlotte Hornets ^ 2002 Eastern First Round 14[a] 4 ♦ 2002 New Jersey Nets
2010 Orlando
2014 Miami
2016 Miami [12]
Sacramento Kings 2004 Western First Round 14 3 2004 Minnesota
2005 Seattle
2006 San Antonio [5]
Minnesota Timberwolves † 2004 Western Semifinals 14 2 2004 Los Angeles Lakers
2018 Houston [26]
Detroit Pistons 2008 Eastern Semifinals 10 3 2008 Boston
2009 Cleveland
2016 Cleveland [13]
Denver Nuggets 2009 Western Semifinals 9 5 2009 Los Angeles Lakers
2010 Utah
2011 Oklahoma City
2012 Los Angeles Lakers
2013 Golden State [9]
Orlando Magic 2010 Eastern Semifinals 8 3 2010 Boston
2011 Atlanta
2012 Indiana [7]
Phoenix Suns ^ 2010 Western Semifinals 8 1 2010 Los Angeles Lakers [6]
Dallas Mavericks 2011 Finals 7 4 ♦ 2012 Oklahoma City
2014 San Antonio
2015 Houston
2016 Oklahoma City [14]
Los Angeles Lakers ^ 2012 Western First Round 6 2 2012 Oklahoma City
2013 San Antonio [8]
New York Knicks 2013 Eastern First Round 5 1 2013 Indiana [10]
Brooklyn Nets 2014 Eastern First Round 4 2 2014 Miami
2015 Atlanta [11]
Indiana Pacers 2014 Eastern Semifinals 4 4 2014 Miami
2016 Toronto
2017 Cleveland
2018 Cleveland [19]
Chicago Bulls 2015 Eastern First Round 3 2 2015 Cleveland
2017 Boston [15]
Memphis Grizzlies 2015 Western First Round 3 2 2015 Golden State
2016 San Antonio Spurs
2017 San Antonio Spurs [16]
Los Angeles Clippers 2015 Western First Round 3 3 2015 Houston
2016 Portland
2017 Utah [18]
Atlanta Hawks 2016 Eastern First Round 2 2 2016 Cleveland
2017 Washington [17]
Portland Trail Blazers 2016 Western First Round 2 3 2016 Golden State
2017 Golden State
2018 New Orleans [23]
Miami Heat 2016 Eastern First Round 2 2 2016 Toronto
2018 Philadelphia [20]
Oklahoma City Thunder 2016 Western Semifinals 2 3 2016 Golden State
2017 Houston
2018 Utah [25]
Washington Wizards 2017 Eastern First Round 1 2 2017 Boston
2018 Toronto [21]
San Antonio Spurs 2017 Western Semifinals 1 2 2017 Golden State
2018 Golden State [25]
z 30002018 Playoff Series 0 Winners 3000 3000
Toronto Raptors 2018 Eastern First Round — 1 2018 Cleveland [28]
Philadelphia 76ers 2018 Eastern First Round — 1 2018 Boston [27]
New Orleans Pelicans 2018 Western First Round — 1 2018 Golden State [29]
Utah Jazz 2018 Western First Round — 1 2018 Houston [30]
Boston Celtics 2018 Eastern Semifinals — 1 2018 Cleveland [31]
Houston Rockets 2018 Western Semifinals — 1 2018 Golden State [32]
Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 Eastern Finals — 1 2018 Golden State [33]
Golden State Warriors 2018 Finals — 0 8 series win streak [34]
Team
Last series win
in NBA Playoffs
Seasons
Since win
Losing
Streak
Series Losses – Teams
Ref
a Charlotte was inactive for two years following the 2001–02 season.
NBA Division Championship droughts[edit]
Updated through the 2017-18 regular season.
0^0 Longest drought in team history
0♦0 2017–18 Division Champion
Left click once on Seasons since win column heading then once on Division column heading
to show teams listed in order of division championships.
Franchise
Most recent title
Division
Seasons since win
Charlotte Hornets ^ None Southeast 28
Memphis Grizzlies ^ None Southwest 23
Philadelphia 76ers ^ 2000–01 Atlantic 17
Milwaukee Bucks ^ 2000–01 Central 17
Sacramento Kings 2002–03 Pacific 15
Minnesota Timberwolves 2003–04 Northwest 14
Brooklyn Nets 2005–06 Atlantic 12
Phoenix Suns 2006–07 Pacific 11
New Orleans Pelicans ^ 2007–08 Southwest 10
Detroit Pistons 2007–08 Central 10
Orlando Magic 2009–10 Southeast 8
Dallas Mavericks 2009–10 Southwest 8
Denver Nuggets 2009–10 Northwest 8
Los Angeles Lakers 2011–12 Pacific 6
Chicago Bulls 2011–12 Central 6
New York Knicks 2012–13 Atlantic 5
Indiana Pacers 2013–14 Central 4
Los Angeles Clippers 2013–14 Pacific 4
Atlanta Hawks 2014–15 Southeast 3
Oklahoma City Thunder 2015–16 Northwest 2
Boston Celtics 2016–17 Atlantic 1
San Antonio Spurs 2016–17 Southwest 1
Utah Jazz 2016–17 Northwest 1
Washington Wizards 2016–17 Southeast 1
Toronto Raptors ♦ 2017–18 Atlantic —
Cleveland Cavaliers ♦ 2017–18 Central —
Miami Heat ♦ 2017–18 Southeast —
Portland Trail Blazers ♦ 2017–18 Northwest —
Golden State Warriors ♦ 2017–18 Pacific —
Houston Rockets ♦ 2017–18 Southwest —
NBA Conference Finals appearance droughts[edit]
^ Longest drought in team history
† Tied for longest drought in team history
Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Conference Finals
Result
Reference
48 Los Angeles Clippers ^ Never z — [18]
39 Washington Wizards ^[c] 1979 Won vs. San Antonio [21]
28 Charlotte Hornets ^ Never z — [12]
18 Portland Trail Blazers ^ 2000 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [23]
18 New York Knicks 2000 Lost vs. Indiana [10]
17 Milwaukee Bucks ^ 2001 Lost vs. Phil0Lost vs. Philadelphia0 [22]
17 Philadelphia 76ers ^ 2001 Won vs. Milwaukee [27]
16 Sacramento Kings 2002 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [5]
16 New Orleans Pelicans ^ Never z — [29]
15 Brooklyn Nets [d] 2003 Won vs. Detroit [11]
14 Minnesota Timberwolves † 2004 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [26]
11 Utah Jazz 2007 Lost vs. San Antonio [30]
10 Detroit Pistons 2008 Lost vs. Boston [13]
9 Denver Nuggets 2009 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [9]
8 Orlando Magic 2010 Lost vs. Boston [7]
8 Phoenix Suns 2010 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [6]
8 Los Angeles Lakers † 2010 Won vs. Phoenix [8]
7 Chicago Bulls 2011 Lost vs. Miami [15]
7 Dallas Mavericks 2011 Won vs. Oklahoma0Won vs. Oklahoma City0 [14]
5 Memphis Grizzlies 2013 Lost vs. San Antonio [16]
4 Miami Heat 2014 Won vs. Indiana [20]
4 Indiana Pacers 2014 Lost vs. Miami [19]
3 Atlanta Hawks 2015 Lost vs. Cleveland [17]
2 Toronto Raptors 2016 Lost vs. Cleveland [28]
2 Oklahoma City Thunder 2016 Lost vs. Golden State [24]
1 San Antonio Spurs 2017 Lost vs. Golden State [25]
.85 Z2018 Conference Finalists 2017.5 zzz
0 Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 Won vs. Boston [33]
0 Boston Celtics 2018 Lost vs. Cleveland [31]
0 Houston Rockets 2018 Lost vs. Golden State [32]
0 Golden State Warriors 2018 Won vs. Houston [34]
NBA Finals appearance droughts[edit]
Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in NBA Finals
Result
Reference
68 Sacramento Kings[a] 1951 Won vs. New York [5]
58 Atlanta Hawks[b] 1961 Lost vs. Boston [17]
48 Los Angeles Clippers Never yyyy — [18]
44 Milwaukee Bucks 1974 Lost vs. Boston [22]
42 Denver Nuggets Never yyyy— [9]
39 Washington Wizards[c] 1979 Lost vs. Seattle [21]
29 Minnesota Timberwolves Never yyyy— [26]
28 Charlotte Hornets Never yyyy— [12]
26 Portland Trail Blazers 1992 Lost vs. Chicago [23]
25 Phoenix Suns 1993 Lost vs. Chicago [6]
23 Toronto Raptors Never yyyy— [28]
23 Houston Rockets 1995 Won vs. Orlando [32]
23 Memphis Grizzlies Never yyyy— [16]
20 Utah Jazz 1998 Lost vs. Chicago [30]
20 Chicago Bulls 1998 Won vs. Utah [15]
19 New York Knicks 1999 Lost vs. San Antonio [10]
18 Indiana Pacers 2000 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [19]
17 Philadelphia 76ers 2001 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [27]
16 New Orleans Pelicans Never yyyy— [29]
15 Brooklyn Nets[d] 2003 Lost vs. San Antonio [11]
13 Detroit Pistons 2005 Lost vs. San Antonio [13]
9 Orlando Magic 2009 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [7]
8 Boston Celtics 2010 Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers [31]
8 Los Angeles Lakers 2010 Won vs. Boston [8]
7 Dallas Mavericks 2011 Won vs. Miami [14]
6 Oklahoma City Thunder 2012 Lost vs. Miami [24]
4 Miami Heat 2014.5 2014 Lost vs. San Antonio [20]
4 San Antonio Spurs 2014.52014 Won vs. Miami [25]
0 Z2018 Finalists 2017.5 zzz
0 Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 Lost vs. Golden State [33]
0 Golden State Warriors 2018 Won vs. Cleveland [34]
a The Sacramento Kings last appeared in the 1951 NBA Finals as the Rochester Royals.
b The Atlanta Hawks last appeared in the 1961 NBA Finals as the St. Louis Hawks.
c The Washington Wizards last appeared in the 1979 Conference Finals and NBA Finals as the Washington Bullets.
d The Brooklyn Nets last appeared in the 2003 Conference Finals and NBA Finals as the New Jersey Nets.
NBA championship title droughts[edit]
Seasons
Team
Last NBA championship
Reference
67 Sacramento Kings[a] 1951 [5]
60 Atlanta Hawks[b] 1958 [17]
50 Phoenix Suns Never [6]
48 Los Angeles Clippers Never [18]
47 Milwaukee Bucks 1971 [22]
45 New York Knicks 1973 [10]
44 Utah Jazz Never [30]
42 Denver Nuggets Never [9]
42 Brooklyn Nets Never [11]
42 Indiana Pacers Never [19]
41 Portland Trail Blazers 1977 [23]
40 Washington Wizards[c] 1978 [21]
39 Oklahoma City Thunder[d] 1979 [24]
35 Philadelphia 76ers 1983 [27]
29 Orlando Magic Never [7]
29 Minnesota Timberwolves Never [26]
28 Charlotte Hornets Never [12]
23 Houston Rockets 1995 [32]
23 Memphis Grizzlies Never [16]
23 Toronto Raptors Never [28]
20 Chicago Bulls 1998 [15]
16 New Orleans Pelicans Never [29]
14 Detroit Pistons 2004 [13]
10 Boston Celtics 2008 [31]
8 Los Angeles Lakers 2010 [8]
7 Dallas Mavericks 2011 [14]
5 Miami Heat 2013 [20]
4 San Antonio Spurs 2014 [25]
2 Cleveland Cavaliers 2016 [33]
Defending NBA champion
0 Golden State Warriors 2018 [34]
a The Sacramento Kings last won an NBA championship in 1951 as the Rochester Royals.
b The Atlanta Hawks last won an NBA championship in 1958 as the St. Louis Hawks.
c The Washington Wizards last won an NBA championship in 1978 as the Washington Bullets.
d The Oklahoma City Thunder last won an NBA championship in 1979 as the Seattle SuperSonics.
All-time droughts[edit]
Closest approaches without winning[edit]
Updated through the 2018 playoffs.
Last team to leave list - Cleveland Cavaliers 2016
Team
Conference Quarter-Final appearances
Conference Semi-Final appearances
Conference Final appearances
NBA Final appearances
Fewest wins short of NBA Championship
Brooklyn Nets 19 7 2 2 02 wins short : 2003
Indiana Pacers 25 10 8 1 02 wins short : 2000
Phoenix Suns 26 18 9 2 02 wins short : 1976, 1993
Utah Jazz 27 16 6 2 02 wins short : 1997, 1998
Orlando Magic 14 5 4 2 03 wins short : 2009
Toronto Raptors 10 4 1 6 wins short : 2016
Minnesota Timberwolves 9 1 1 06 wins short : 2004
Denver Nuggets 22 8 3 06 wins short : 1978, 2009
Memphis Grizzlies 10 3 1 08 wins short : 2013
Los Angeles Clippers 11 7 9 wins short : 1975, 2006, 2015
New Orleans Pelicans 7 2 9 wins short : 2008
Charlotte Hornets 10 4 11 wins short : 2002
Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]
Updated through the 2018 playoffs.
0^0 Denotes active drought
Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons
Los Angeles Clippers 1976–77 through 1990–91 15
Minnesota Timberwolves 2004–05 through 2016–17 13
Golden State Warriors 1994–95 through 2005–06 12
Sacramento Kings ^ 2006–07 through 2017–18 12
Dallas Mavericks 1990–91 through 1999–2000 10
Utah Jazz 1974–75 through 1982–83 9
Washington Wizards 1988–89 through 1995–96 8
Memphis Grizzlies 1995–96 through 2002–03 8
Denver Nuggets 1995–96 through 2002–03 8
Atlanta Hawks 1999–2000 through 2006–07 8
Phoenix Suns ^ 2010–11 through 2017–18 8
New York Knicks 1959–60 through 1965–66 7
Oklahoma City Thunder 1967–68 through 1973–74 7
Milwaukee Bucks 1991–92 through 1997–98 7
Philadelphia 76ers 1991–92 through 1997–98 7
Cleveland Cavaliers 1998–99 through 2004–05 7
Portland Trail Blazers 1970–71 through 1975–76 6
Detroit Pistons 1977–78 through 1982–83
2009–10 through 2014–15 6
Boston Celtics 1995–96 through 2000–01 6
Chicago Bulls 1998–99 through 2003–04 6
Orlando Magic ^ 2012–13 through 2017–18 6
Houston Rockets 1969–70 through 1973–74 5
Indiana Pacers 1981–82 through 1985–86 5
Brooklyn Nets 1986–87 through 1990–91 &
2007–08 through 2011–12 5
Charlotte Hornets 2004–05 through 2008–09 5
Toronto Raptors 2008–09 through 2012–13 5
Los Angeles Lakers ^ 2013–14 through 2017–18 5
Miami Heat 1988–89 through 1990–91 3
New Orleans Pelicans 2004–05 through 2006–07
2011–12 through 2013–14 3
San Antonio Spurs 1983–84
1986–87
1988–89
1996–97 1
Team
Longest streak with
no post-season series wins
Seasons
Los Angeles Clippers 1976–77 through 2004–05 29
Washington Wizards 1982–83 through 2003–04 22
Sacramento Kings 1981–82 through 1999–2000 19
Indiana Pacers 1976–77 through 1992–93 17
Brooklyn Nets 1984–85 through 2000–01 17
Milwaukee Bucks ^ 2001–02 through 2017–18 17
New York Knicks 1953–54 through 1967–68 15
Cleveland Cavaliers 1976–77 through 1990–91 15
Golden State Warriors 1991–92 through 2005–06 15
Memphis Grizzlies 1995–96 through 2009–10 15
Minnesota Timberwolves 1989–90 through 2002–03 14
Denver Nuggets 1994–95 through 2007–08 14
Toronto Raptors 2001–02 through 2014–15 14
Charlotte Hornets ^ 2004–05 through 2017–18 14
Detroit Pistons 1962–63 through 1974–75 13
Portland Trail Blazers 2000–01 through 2012–13 13
Dallas Mavericks 1988–89 through 1999–2000 12
Orlando Magic 1996–97 through 2006–07 11
Houston Rockets 1997–98 through 2007–08 11
Utah Jazz 1974–75 through 1982–83 9
Boston Celtics 1992–93 through 2000–01 9
Atlanta Hawks 1999–2000 through 2007–08 9
New Orleans Pelicans 2008–09 through 2016–17 9
Philadelphia 76ers 1968–69 through 1975–76 &
2003–04 through 2010–11 8
Miami Heat 1988–89 through 1995–96 8
Chicago Bulls 1998–99 through 2005–06 8
Phoenix Suns 2010–11 through 2017–18 8
Oklahoma City Thunder 1967–68 through 1973–74 7
San Antonio Spurs 1983–84 through 1988–89 6
Los Angeles Lakers ^ 2012–13 through 2017–18 6
Longest NBA Playoffs appearance droughts[edit]
Appearance droughts updated through 2017–18 season.
^ Denotes active drought
Streak
Team
NBA Playoffs
appearance droughts
Reference
15 seasons Los Angeles Clippers[a] 1977–1991 [18]
13 seasons Minnesota Timberwolves 2005–2017 [26]
12 seasons Golden State Warriors 1995–2006 [34]
12 seasons Sacramento Kings ^ 2007–2018 [5]
10 seasons Dallas Mavericks 1991–2000 [14]
9 seasons Utah Jazz[b] 1975–1983 [30]
9 seasons Golden State Warriors 1978–1986 [34]
9 seasons Sacramento Kings 1987–1995 [5]
8 seasons Washington Bullets 1989–1996 [21]
8 seasons Denver Nuggets 1996–2003 [9]
8 seasons Memphis Grizzlies[c] 1996–2003 [16]
8 seasons Los Angeles Clippers 1998–2005 [18]
8 seasons Atlanta Hawks 2000–2007 [17]
8 seasons Phoenix Suns 2011–2018 [6]
a Streak included Buffalo Braves 1977–78 seasons, and San Diego Clippers 1979–84 seasons.
b Streak included New Orleans Jazz 1975–79 seasons.
c Streak included Vancouver Grizzlies 1996–2001 seasons.
Longest Conference finals droughts[edit]
Appearance droughts updated through the 2018 playoffs. The current Conference Finals format was introduced in 1971.
^ Denotes active drought
† Year the team joined the NBA
Seasons
Team
NBA Conference Finals
appearance droughts
Subsequent appearance
in Conference Finals
Reference
48 Los Angeles Clippers ^ [a] 001971 †0– 2018 Active drought [18]
44 Atlanta Hawks 1971 – 2014 2015 [17]
38 Golden State Warriors 1977 – 2014 2015 [34]
39 Washington Wizards ^[b] 1980 – 2018 Active drought [21]
28 Charlotte Hornets ^ [c] 001989 †0– 2018 Active drought [12]
25 New Jersey Nets [d] 001977 †0– 2001 2002 [11]
23 Denver Nuggets 1986 – 2008 2009 [9]
20 Toronto Raptors 01996 † – 2015 2016 [28]
20 Sacramento Kings [e] 1982 – 2001 2002 [5]
a Streak includes seasons as Buffalo Braves and San Diego Clippers.
b Team last qualified for the Conference Finals as Washington Bullets.
c Franchise inactive for two seasons between 2002 and 2004.
d Current Brooklyn Nets; includes one season as New York Nets.
e Includes four seasons as Kansas City Kings.
Finals droughts[edit]
NBA Finals in which neither team had previously won a championship[edit]
In these instances, the matchup ensured that one team would win the first NBA championship in its history.
0*0 Both Teams in 1st NBA Finals appearance
Season
Won
Lost
Number of years till
drought ended
2006* Miami Heat Dallas Mavericks 5
1978 Washington Bullets Seattle SuperSonics (OKC) 1
1971* Milwaukee Bucks Baltimore Bullets (WSH) 7
1957* Boston Celtics St. Louis Hawks (ATL) 1
1955 Syracuse Nationals (PHI) Fort Wayne Pistons (DET)^ 34
1951* Rochester Royals (SAC)^ New York Knicks 19
1949* Minneapolis Lakers (LAL)^ Washington Capitols† defunct 2 years later
1947* Philadelphia Warriors (GSW) Chicago Stags† defunct 3 years later
^- Team had previously appeared in the National Basketball League finals before said league was merged for the NBA's formation.
†- Defunct franchise.
Abbreviation in parentheses – Current location of NBA franchise.
NBA Finals in which neither franchise had won a championship in 20-plus seasons[edit]
Teams that had never won the NBA championship are included, even if they were less than 20 seasons old at the time.
Season
Won
Drought (seasons)
Lost
Drought (seasons)
2015 Golden State Warriors 39 Cleveland Cavaliers 44*
2006 Miami Heat 17* Dallas Mavericks 25*
1999 San Antonio Spurs 22* New York Knicks 25
1994 Houston Rockets 26* New York Knicks 20
1978 Washington Bullets 16* Seattle SuperSonics 10*
1971 Milwaukee Bucks 2* Baltimore Bullets 9*
1957 Boston Celtics 10* St. Louis Hawks 7*
1955 Syracuse Nationals 5* Fort Wayne Pistons 6*
1951 Rochester Royals 2* New York Knicks 4*
1949* Minneapolis Lakers 0* Washington Capitols 2*
1947 Philadelphia Warriors 0* Chicago Stags 0*
Numbers marked with * indicates that the number is counted from either the franchise's first year in the NBA or the first year of the league (1946, then known as the BAA).
Teams awaiting their first NBA championship[edit]
This list includes teams within the current NBA that have never won an NBA championship—sorted by the number of seasons played in the NBA.
Last team to leave list: Cleveland, 2016
Total seasons
(NBA)
Franchise
Last NBA Finals
appearance
50 seasons Phoenix Suns (1969–2018) 1993
48 seasons Los Angeles Clippers§ (1971–2018) —
44 seasons Utah Jazz§ (1975–2018) 1998
42 seasons Denver Nuggets (1977–2018) —
42 seasons Indiana Pacers‡ (1977–2018) 2000
42 seasons Brooklyn Nets§‡ (1977–2018) 2003
29 seasons Minnesota Timberwolves (1990–2018) —
29 seasons Orlando Magic (1990–2018) 2009
28 seasons Charlotte Hornets† (1989–2002; 2005–2018) 1998
23 seasons Toronto Raptors (1996–2018) —
23 seasons Memphis Grizzlies§ (1996–2018) —
16 seasons New Orleans Pelicans† (2003–2018) —
Notes
§ NBA teams that have relocated from their original city(s).
† NBA teams that have re-branded to/from their original concept.
‡ NBA teams that have won an ABA championship.
Cities awaiting first NBA championship[edit]
Listed according to seasons waited. Current NBA cities/regions only.
Last city to leave list: Cleveland, 2016
City
Seasons waited
Conference Title(s)
NBA Team(s)
Phoenix 50 1976, 1993 Phoenix Suns (1969–present)
Atlanta 50 None Atlanta Hawks (1969–present)
Denver 42 None Denver Nuggets (1977–present)
Indianapolis 42 2000 Indiana Pacers (1977–present)
Salt Lake City 39 1997, 1998 Utah Jazz (1980–present)
Sacramento 33 None Sacramento Kings (1986–present)
Orlando 29 1995, 2009 Orlando Magic (1990–present)
Charlotte 28 None Charlotte Hornets (1989–2002; 2015–present)
Charlotte Bobcats (2005–2014)
Toronto 24 None 1 Toronto Huskies season (1947)
23 Toronto Raptors seasons (1996–present)
New Orleans 21 None New Orleans Jazz (1974-1979)
New Orleans Hornets (2003–2013)
New Orleans Pelicans (2014–present)
Memphis 17 None Memphis Grizzlies (2002–present)
Oklahoma City 12 2012 2 New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets seasons (2006–2007)
10 Oklahoma City Thunder seasons (2008–present)
NBA Championship droughts by division[edit]
Division
Last NBA Championship
Seasons
Northwest Division‡ 1979 — SuperSonics† 39
Atlantic Division 2008 — Celtics 10
Southeast Division 2013 — Heat 5
Southwest Division 2014 — Spurs 4
Central Division 2016 — Cavaliers 2
Pacific Division 2018 — Warriors 0
Notes
‡ The last time a team playing in the present-day Northwest Division won an NBA Championship.
† The SuperSonics won this NBA Championship as part of the Pacific Division. The team has relocated to Oklahoma City as the Oklahoma City Thunder.
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
List of NBA franchise post-season streaks
List of National Basketball Association longest losing streaks
List of National Basketball Association longest winning streaks
List of Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise post-season droughts
List of National Football League (NFL) franchise post-season droughts
List of National Hockey League (NHL) franchise post-season droughts
List of Major League Soccer (MLS) club post-season droughts
References[edit]
General
"Team Index". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
Specific
Jump up ^ Newberry, Paul (May 10, 2015). "NBA: NFL has most parity, NBA is most exclusive club when it comes to winning titles". Associated Press. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Major League Baseball has 18 different franchises that have won championships and have droughts of less than 32 years; the National Football League has 16 such franchises, and the National Hockey League has 15 such franchises.
Jump up ^ Aldridge, David (June 6, 2015). "Warriors close in on title ... and keep NBA history afloat". NBA.com. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Playoff picture". NBA.com. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Sacramento Kings". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Phoenix Suns". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Orlando Magic". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Los Angeles Lakers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Denver Nuggets". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "New York Knicks". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Brooklyn Nets". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Charlotte Hornets". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Detroit Pistons". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Dallas Mavericks". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Chicago Bulls". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Memphis Grizzlies". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Atlanta Hawks". basketball-reference.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Los Angeles Clippers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Indiana Pacers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Miami Heat". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Washington Wizards". basketball-reference.com. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Milwaukee Bucks". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Portland Trail Blazers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Oklahoma City Thunder". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "San Antonio Spurs". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Minnesota Timberwolves". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Philadelphia 76ers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Toronto Raptors". basketball-reference.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "New Orleans Pelicans". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Utah Jazz". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Boston Celtics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Houston Rockets". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Cleveland Cavaliers". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Golden State Warriors". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
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