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List of Game of Thrones episodes
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Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. The series is based on the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by author George R. R. Martin. The series takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos and chronicles the power struggles among noble families as they fight for control of the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms. The series starts when House Stark, led by Lord Eddard "Ned" Stark (Sean Bean) is drawn into schemes against King Robert Baratheon (Mark Addy) when the Hand of the King Jon Arryn (Robert's chief advisor) dies mysteriously.[1]
The series premiered on April 17, 2011, on HBO. David Benioff and D. B. Weiss both serve as executive producers along with Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, Bernadette Caulfield and George R. R. Martin.[2][3] Filming for the series has taken place in a number of locations, including Croatia, Northern Ireland, Iceland and Spain.[4][5][6] Episodes are broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm Eastern Time,[7][8] and the episodes are between 50 and 81 minutes in length.[9] The first six seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray.
The series was renewed for a seventh season in April 2016,[10] which premiered on July 16, 2017 and consisted of seven episodes.[11] The series will conclude with its eighth season, which will consist of six episodes.[12][13] As of August 27, 2017,[update] 67 episodes of Game of Thrones have aired, concluding the seventh season. The show's episodes have won numerous awards including two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2011)
2.2 Season 2 (2012)
2.3 Season 3 (2013)
2.4 Season 4 (2014)
2.5 Season 5 (2015)
2.6 Season 6 (2016)
2.7 Season 7 (2017)
3 Home media releases
4 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)
First aired
Last aired
1 10 April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17) June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19) 2.52[14]
2 10 April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01) June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03) 3.80[14]
3 10 March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31) June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09) 4.97[15]
4 10 April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06) June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15) 6.84[16]
5 10 April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12) June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14) 6.88[17]
6 10 April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24) June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) 7.69[18]
7 7 July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16) August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27) 10.26[19]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2011)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Winter Is Coming" Tim Van Patten David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 17, 2011 (2011-04-17) 2.22[20]
2
2 "The Kingsroad" Tim Van Patten David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 24, 2011 (2011-04-24) 2.20[21]
3
3 "Lord Snow" Brian Kirk David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 1, 2011 (2011-05-01) 2.44[22]
4
4 "Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things" Brian Kirk Bryan Cogman May 8, 2011 (2011-05-08) 2.45[23]
5
5 "The Wolf and the Lion" Brian Kirk David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 15, 2011 (2011-05-15) 2.58[24]
6
6 "A Golden Crown" Daniel Minahan Story by : David Benioff & D. B. Weiss
Teleplay by : Jane Espenson and David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22) 2.44[25]
7
7 "You Win or You Die" Daniel Minahan David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 29, 2011 (2011-05-29) 2.40[26]
8
8 "The Pointy End" Daniel Minahan George R. R. Martin June 5, 2011 (2011-06-05) 2.72[27]
9
9 "Baelor" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 12, 2011 (2011-06-12) 2.66[28]
10
10 "Fire and Blood" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19) 3.04[29]
Season 2 (2012)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
11
1 "The North Remembers" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01) 3.86[30]
12
2 "The Night Lands" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) 3.76[31]
13
3 "What Is Dead May Never Die" Alik Sakharov Bryan Cogman April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15) 3.77[32]
14
4 "Garden of Bones" David Petrarca Vanessa Taylor April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22) 3.65[33]
15
5 "The Ghost of Harrenhal" David Petrarca David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 29, 2012 (2012-04-29) 3.90[34]
16
6 "The Old Gods and the New" David Nutter Vanessa Taylor May 6, 2012 (2012-05-06) 3.88[35]
17
7 "A Man Without Honor" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13) 3.69[36]
18
8 "The Prince of Winterfell" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20) 3.86[37]
19
9 "Blackwater" Neil Marshall George R. R. Martin May 27, 2012 (2012-05-27) 3.38[38]
20
10 "Valar Morghulis" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03) 4.20[39]
Season 3 (2013)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 3)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
21
1 "Valar Dohaeris" Daniel Minahan David Benioff & D. B. Weiss March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31) 4.37[40]
22
2 "Dark Wings, Dark Words" Daniel Minahan Vanessa Taylor April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07) 4.27[41]
23
3 "Walk of Punishment" David Benioff David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 14, 2013 (2013-04-14) 4.72[42]
24
4 "And Now His Watch Is Ended" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 21, 2013 (2013-04-21) 4.87[43]
25
5 "Kissed by Fire" Alex Graves Bryan Cogman April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28) 5.35[44]
26
6 "The Climb" Alik Sakharov David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 5, 2013 (2013-05-05) 5.50[45]
27
7 "The Bear and the Maiden Fair" Michelle MacLaren George R. R. Martin May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12) 4.84[46]
28
8 "Second Sons" Michelle MacLaren David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 19, 2013 (2013-05-19) 5.13[47]
29
9 "The Rains of Castamere" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02) 5.22[48]
30
10 "Mhysa" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09) 5.39[49]
Season 4 (2014)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 4)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
31
1 "Two Swords" D. B. Weiss David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06) 6.64[50]
32
2 "The Lion and the Rose" Alex Graves George R. R. Martin April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13) 6.31[51]
33
3 "Breaker of Chains" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20) 6.59[52]
34
4 "Oathkeeper" Michelle MacLaren Bryan Cogman April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27) 6.95[53]
35
5 "First of His Name" Michelle MacLaren David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04) 7.16[54]
36
6 "The Laws of Gods and Men" Alik Sakharov Bryan Cogman May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11) 6.40[55]
37
7 "Mockingbird" Alik Sakharov David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18) 7.20[56]
38
8 "The Mountain and the Viper" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01) 7.17[57]
39
9 "The Watchers on the Wall" Neil Marshall David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08) 6.95[58]
40
10 "The Children" Alex Graves David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15) 7.09[59]
Season 5 (2015)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 5)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
41
1 "The Wars to Come" Michael Slovis David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 12, 2015 (2015-04-12) 8.00[60]
42
2 "The House of Black and White" Michael Slovis David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19) 6.81[61]
43
3 "High Sparrow" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 26, 2015 (2015-04-26) 6.71[62]
44
4 "Sons of the Harpy" Mark Mylod Dave Hill May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03) 6.82[63]
45
5 "Kill the Boy" Jeremy Podeswa Bryan Cogman May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10) 6.56[64]
46
6 "Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken" Jeremy Podeswa Bryan Cogman May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17) 6.24[65]
47
7 "The Gift" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 24, 2015 (2015-05-24) 5.40[66]
48
8 "Hardhome" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 31, 2015 (2015-05-31) 7.01[67]
49
9 "The Dance of Dragons" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 7, 2015 (2015-06-07) 7.14[68]
50
10 "Mother's Mercy" David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14) 8.11[69]
Season 6 (2016)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 6)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
51
1 "The Red Woman" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24) 7.94[70]
52
2 "Home" Jeremy Podeswa Dave Hill May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01) 7.29[71]
53
3 "Oathbreaker" Daniel Sackheim David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08) 7.28[72]
54
4 "Book of the Stranger" Daniel Sackheim David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15) 7.82[73]
55
5 "The Door" Jack Bender David Benioff & D. B. Weiss May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22) 7.89[74]
56
6 "Blood of My Blood" Jack Bender Bryan Cogman May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29) 6.71[75]
57
7 "The Broken Man" Mark Mylod Bryan Cogman June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05) 7.80[76]
58
8 "No One" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12) 7.60[77]
59
9 "Battle of the Bastards" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19) 7.66[78]
60
10 "The Winds of Winter" Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) 8.89[79]
Season 7 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones (season 7)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
61
1 "Dragonstone" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16) 10.11[80]
62
2 "Stormborn" Mark Mylod Bryan Cogman July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23) 9.27[81]
63
3 "The Queen's Justice" Mark Mylod David Benioff & D. B. Weiss July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30) 9.25[82]
64
4 "The Spoils of War" Matt Shakman David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06) 10.17[83]
65
5 "Eastwatch" Matt Shakman Dave Hill August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13) 10.72[84]
66
6 "Beyond the Wall" Alan Taylor David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20) 10.24[85]
67
7 "The Dragon and the Wolf" Jeremy Podeswa David Benioff & D. B. Weiss August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27) 12.07[86]
Home media releases[edit]
Season
Episodes
DVD release date
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
1 10 March 6, 2012[87] March 5, 2012[88] August 10, 2012[89]
2 10 February 19, 2013[90] March 4, 2013[91] March 6, 2013[92]
3 10 February 18, 2014[93] February 17, 2014[94] February 19, 2014[95]
4 10 February 17, 2015[96] February 16, 2015[97] February 18, 2015[98]
5 10 March 15, 2016[99] March 14, 2016[100] March 16, 2016[101]
6 10 November 15, 2016[102] November 14, 2016[103] November 16, 2016[104]
7 7 December 12, 2017[105] December 11, 2017[106] December 11, 2017[107]
Ratings[edit]
Game of Thrones : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average
1
2.22 2.20 2.44 2.45 2.58 2.44 2.40 2.72 2.66 3.04 2.52[108]
2
3.86 3.76 3.77 3.65 3.90 3.88 3.69 3.86 3.38 4.20 3.80[108]
3
4.37 4.27 4.72 4.87 5.35 5.50 4.84 5.13 5.22 5.39 4.97[109]
4
6.64 6.31 6.59 6.95 7.16 6.40 7.20 7.17 6.95 7.09 6.84[110]
5
8.00 6.81 6.71 6.82 6.56 6.24 5.40 7.01 7.14 8.11 6.88[111]
6
7.94 7.29 7.28 7.82 7.89 6.71 7.80 7.60 7.66 8.89 7.69[112]
7
10.11 9.27 9.25 10.17 10.72 10.24 12.07 N/A 10.26[113]
Source: Nielsen Media Research[115]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 8, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'The Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley', 'Married to Medicine' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 15, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'MTV Movie Awards', 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men', 'Drop Dead Diva' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 22, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, + NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 29, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Mad Men', 'Devious Maids' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 6, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, + 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Married to Medicine', 'Silicon Valley' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 13, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Silicon Valley', 'Bar Rescue', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 20, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'Silicon Valley', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'River Monsters', 'Married to Medicine' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 3, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + NHL Conference Finals, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta: Kandi's Wedding', 'Silicon Valley' & Moreh". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 10, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Devious Maids', 'Veep', 'Turn' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 17, 2014). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + World Cup Soccer, 'Keeping up with the Kardashians', NASCAR & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 14, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Silicon Valley', 'MTV Movie Awards', 'Mad Men', 'Veep', 'The Royals' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 21, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta,' 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 28, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 5, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Silicon Valley' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 12, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Silicon Valley', 'Mad Men', 'The Royals', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 19, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 27, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: NBA Conference Finals Win Night, 'Game of Thrones', 'Silicon Valley', 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 2, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Silicon Valley', 'Naked and Afraid' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 9, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Silicon Valley', 'Naked & Afraid', 'Married to Medicine', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 16, 2015). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Tops Night + 'Silicon Valley', NASCAR, 'Botched' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' opens slightly lower, still dominant". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 3, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' slips, 'Kardashians' premiere steady". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 10, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' (very) steady with episode 3". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 17, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' rises, 'Fear the Walking Dead' falls". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 24, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Preacher' has decent debut, 'Game of Thrones' ties season high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 1, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' hits season low on Memorial Day weekend". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 7, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' back to usual numbers, 'Preacher' holds up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 14, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' and 'Silicon Valley' hold steady". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 21, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' holds up opposite NBA Finals". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 28, 2016). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' scores series high with Season 6 finale". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 17, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' scores series-best audience with Season 7 premiere". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (July 25, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Phelps vs. Shark' strong, 'Game of Thrones' boosts 'Ballers,' 'Insecure'". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 1, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Rick & Morty' returns strong, more highs for 'Insecure' and 'Ballers'". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 8, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Sharknado 5' lacks bite, 'Game of Thrones' hits total-viewer high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 15, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Game of Thrones' scores another series high". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 22, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Survivor's Remorse' premiere steady, 'Game of Thrones' down a little". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (August 29, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: VMAs hit all-time low opposite 'Game of Thrones' finale". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (December 5, 2011). "Game of Thrones – HBO's Official Press Release with Full Details of The Complete 1st Season on DVD, Blu-ray". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 1 [DVD] [2012]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 1". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (November 19, 2012). "Game of Thrones – Winter is Coming, with The Complete 2nd Season: Date, Extras, Boxes!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 2 [DVD] [2013]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 2". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (June 24, 2013). "Game of Thrones – 2014 Release Date, Package Art for The Complete 3rd Season, on DVD, Blu". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 3 [DVD] [2014]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 3". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (July 16, 2014). "Game of Thrones – 'The Complete 4th Season' Press Release: Date, Art, Cost, Extras". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 4 [DVD] [2015]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 4". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 5 [Blu-ray + Digital HD]". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 5 [DVD]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 5". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: The Complete Sixth Season [Blu-ray]". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 6 [DVD] [2016]". Amazon.co.uk. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game Of Thrones - Season 6". jbhifi.com.au. Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - 'The Complete 7th Season' Already Planned for DVD and Blu-ray Disc". TVShowsOnDVD. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 7 [Blu-ray + Amazon Exclusive Bonus Disc] [2017]". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones - Season 7". jbhifi.com.au. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Game of Thrones: Season Two Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 11, 2012. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Three Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 12, 2013. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Four Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 18, 2014. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Five Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 16, 2015. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Six Ratings". TV Series Finale. June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones: Season Seven Ratings". TV Series Finale. August 29, 2017. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Updated: 'Game of Thrones' Ratings: Season One". TV by the Numbers. June 19, 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ [114][108][109][110][111][112][113]
External links[edit]
Official website
Game of Thrones – The Viewers Guide on HBO.com
Making Game of Thrones on HBO.com
List of Game of Thrones episodes on IMDb
List of Game of Thrones episodes at TV.com
Game of Thrones at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
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George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire
A Game of Thrones (1996)
A Clash of Kings (1998)
A Storm of Swords (2000)
A Feast for Crows (2005)
A Dance with Dragons (2011)
The Winds of Winter (TBA)
Franchise media
Novellas
Tales of Dunk and Egg (1998–2010)
The Princess and the Queen (2013)
The Rogue Prince (2014)
The Sons of the Dragon (2017)
TV series
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Awards
Characters
Music
"Game of Thrones Theme"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Light of the Seven"
Catch the Throne
Live Concert Experience
Soundtracks
Season 1
2
3
4
5
6
Title sequence
After the Thrones
Thronecast
Video games
A Game of Thrones: Genesis
Game of Thrones (2012)
Game of Thrones Ascent
Game of Thrones (2014)
Other media
The World of Ice & Fire (2014)
Board game
Card game (Second edition)
Comic book series
Characters
Petyr Baelish
Joffrey Baratheon
Renly Baratheon
Robert Baratheon
Stannis Baratheon
Tommen Baratheon
Ramsay Bolton
Roose Bolton
Bronn
Gregor Clegane
Sandor Clegane
Khal Drogo
Gendry
Tormund Giantsbane
Gilly
Theon Greyjoy
Cersei Lannister
Jaime Lannister
Tyrion Lannister
Tywin Lannister
Oberyn Martell
Melisandre
Missandei
Jorah Mormont
Daario Naharis
Ellaria Sand
Davos Seaworth
Jon Snow
High Sparrow
Arya Stark
Bran Stark
Catelyn Stark
Ned Stark
Rickon Stark
Robb Stark
Sansa Stark
Daenerys Targaryen
Viserys Targaryen
Samwell Tarly
Brienne of Tarth
Margaery Tyrell
Olenna Tyrell
Varys
Ygritte
World
Languages
Dothraki
Valyrian
Themes
Iron Throne
White Walker
Miscellaneous
Fandom
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Game of Thrones episodes
Seasons: 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Season 1
"Winter Is Coming"
"The Kingsroad"
"Lord Snow"
"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things"
"The Wolf and the Lion"
"A Golden Crown"
"You Win or You Die"
"The Pointy End"
"Baelor"
"Fire and Blood"
Season 2
"The North Remembers"
"The Night Lands"
"What Is Dead May Never Die"
"Garden of Bones"
"The Ghost of Harrenhal"
"The Old Gods and the New"
"A Man Without Honor"
"The Prince of Winterfell"
"Blackwater"
"Valar Morghulis"
Season 3
"Valar Dohaeris"
"Dark Wings, Dark Words"
"Walk of Punishment"
"And Now His Watch Is Ended"
"Kissed by Fire"
"The Climb"
"The Bear and the Maiden Fair"
"Second Sons"
"The Rains of Castamere"
"Mhysa"
Season 4
"Two Swords"
"The Lion and the Rose"
"Breaker of Chains"
"Oathkeeper"
"First of His Name"
"The Laws of Gods and Men"
"Mockingbird"
"The Mountain and the Viper"
"The Watchers on the Wall"
"The Children"
Season 5
"The Wars to Come"
"The House of Black and White"
"High Sparrow"
"Sons of the Harpy"
"Kill the Boy"
"Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"
"The Gift"
"Hardhome"
"The Dance of Dragons"
"Mother's Mercy"
Season 6
"The Red Woman"
"Home"
"Oathbreaker"
"Book of the Stranger"
"The Door"
"Blood of My Blood"
"The Broken Man"
"No One"
"Battle of the Bastards"
"The Winds of Winter"
Season 7
"Dragonstone"
"Stormborn"
"The Queen's Justice"
"The Spoils of War"
"Eastwatch"
"Beyond the Wall"
"The Dragon and the Wolf"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Game_of_Thrones_episodes&oldid=811255003"
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text:
Iko Iko
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Iko Iko"
Single by The Dixie Cups
from the album Chapel of Love
B-side
"Gee Baby Gee" or "I'm Gonna Get You Yet"
Released
March 1965
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1964
Genre
Rhythm and blues
Length
2:05
Label
Red Bird
Songwriter(s)
James Crawford, Barbara Hawkins, Rosa Hawkins and Joan Johnson
Producer(s)
Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry
The Dixie Cups singles chronology
"Little Bell"
(1964) "Iko Iko"
(1965) "Gee the Moon Is Shining Bright"
(1965)
"Iko Iko" (/ˈaɪkoʊ ˈaɪkoʊ/) is a much-covered New Orleans song that tells of a parade collision between two tribes of Mardi Gras Indians and the traditional confrontation. The song, under the original title "Jock-A-Mo", was written and released as a single in 1953 by Sugar Boy and his Cane Cutters that failed to make the charts. The song first became popular in 1965 by girl group The Dixie Cups, who scored an international hit with "Iko Iko". In 1967 as part of a lawsuit settlement between "Sugar Boy" James Crawford and the Dixie Cups, the trio were given part songwriting credit for the song. In 1972, Dr. John had a minor hit with his version of "Iko Iko". The most successful charting version in the UK was recorded by Scottish singer Natasha England who took her 1982 version into the top 10. "Iko Iko" became an international hit again twice more, the first being the Belle Stars in June 1982 and again with Captain Jack in 2001.
Contents
1 Sugar Boy and his Cane Cutters version
1.1 Background
1.2 "Sugar Boy" Crawford's story
2 The Dixie Cups version
2.1 Background
2.2 Legal battles
2.3 Chart performance
3 Dr. John version
3.1 Background
3.2 Chart performance
4 Natasha version
4.1 Background
4.2 Chart performance
5 The Belle Stars version
5.1 Background
5.2 Chart performance
6 Captain Jack version
6.1 Background
6.2 Chart performance
7 Other versions
8 Linguistic origins
9 Pop culture usage
9.1 Films
9.2 Television
9.3 Other
10 References
11 External links
Sugar Boy and his Cane Cutters version[edit]
Background[edit]
The song was originally recorded by and released as a single in November 1953 by James Crawford as "Sugar Boy and his Cane Cutters", on Checker Records (Checker 787). The single features Dave Lastie on tenor saxophone.[1] Crawford's version of the song did not make the charts. The story tells of a "spy boy" (i.e. a lookout for one band of Indians) encountering the "flag boy" or guidon carrier for another "tribe". He threatens to "set the flag on fire". Crawford set phrases chanted by Mardi Gras Indians to music for the song. Crawford himself states that he has no idea what the words mean, and that he originally sang the phrase "Chock-a-mo", but the title was misheard by Chess Records and Checker Records president Leonard Chess, who misspelled it as "Jock-a-mo" for the record's release.[2]
"Sugar Boy" Crawford's story[edit]
James "Sugar Boy" Crawford, gave a 2002 interview with OffBeat Magazine discussing the song's meaning:[2]
Interviewer: How did you construct 'Jock-A-Mo?'
Crawford: It came from two Indian chants that I put music to. "Iko Iko" was like a victory chant that the Indians would shout. "Jock-A-Mo" was a chant that was called when the Indians went into battle. I just put them together and made a song out of them. Really it was just like "Lawdy Miss Clawdy". That was a phrase everybody in New Orleans used. Lloyd Price just added music to it and it became a hit. I was just trying to write a catchy song....
Interviewer: Listeners wonder what 'Jock-A-Mo' means. Some music scholars say it translates in Mardi Gras Indian lingo as 'Kiss my ass,' and I've read where some think 'Jock-A-Mo' was a court jester. What does it mean?
Crawford: I really don't know. (laughs)
The Dixie Cups version[edit]
Background[edit]
The Dixie Cups version was the result of an unplanned jam in a New York City recording studio where they began an impromptu version of "Iko Iko", accompanying themselves with drumsticks on an aluminum chair, a studio ashtray and a Coke bottle.[3] After their producers cleaned up the track and added the backup vocals, bass and drums to the song, the single was then released in March 1965.[4] The Dixie Cups scored an international hit single with "Iko Iko" in May 1965 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart where their version peaked at number 20 and spent 10 weeks on the Top 100.[5] The song also charted at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number 20 on the R&B Chart.[6] In Canada "Iko Iko" reached number 26 on the RPM Chart.[7] It was the third single taken from their debut studio album Chapel of Love issued on Red Bird Records in August 1964.[8]
The Dixie Cups had learned "Iko, Iko" from hearing the Hawkins sisters' grandmother sing it,[3] but they knew little about the origin of the song and so the original authorship credit went to the members, Barbara Ann Hawkins, her sister Rosa Lee Hawkins, and their cousin Joan Marie Johnson.
The Dixie Cups' version was later included on the soundtrack to the 1987 film The Big Easy. This same version was also used on the soundtrack of the 2005 film The Skeleton Key. In 2009, a version based on The Dixie Cups' was used in an ad for Lipton Rainforest Alliance Ice Tea.
Legal battles[edit]
After the Dixie Cups version of "Iko Iko" was a hit in 1965, they and their record label, Red Bird Records, were sued by James Crawford, who claimed that "Iko Iko" was the same as his composition "Jock-a-mo".[9] Although The Dixie Cups denied that the two compositions were similar, the lawsuit resulted in a settlement in 1967 with Crawford making no claim to authorship or ownership of "Iko Iko",[10] but being credited 25% for public performances, such as on radio, of "Iko Iko" in the United States. Even though a back-to-back listening of the two recordings clearly demonstrates that "Iko Iko" was practically the same song as Crawford's "Jock-a-mo", Crawford's rationale for the settlement was motivated by years of legal battles with no royalties. In the end, he stated, "I don't even know if I really am getting my just dues. I just figure 50 percent of something is better than 100 percent of nothing."[2]
In the 1990s, the Dixie Cups became aware that another group of people were claiming authorship of "Iko Iko". Their ex-manager Joe Jones and his family filed a copyright registration in 1991, alleging that they wrote the song in 1963.[11] Joe Jones successfully licensed "Iko Iko" outside of North America. The Dixie Cups filed a lawsuit against Joe Jones. The trial took place in New Orleans and the Dixie Cups were represented by well-known music attorney Oren Warshavsky before Senior Federal Judge Peter Beer.[12] The jury returned a unanimous verdict on March 6, 2002, affirming that the Dixie Cups were the only writers of "Iko Iko" and granting them more money than they were seeking.[12] The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the jury verdict and sanctioned Joe Jones.[13]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1965)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 20
UK Singles Chart 23
U.S. R&B Chart 20
Canada RPM 26
Dr. John version[edit]
"Iko Iko"
Single by Dr. John
from the album Dr. John's Gumbo
B-side
"Huey Smith Medley"
Released
March 1972
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1972
Genre
Rhythm and Blues
Length
3:10
Label
Atco
Songwriter(s)
Barbara Hawkins, Rosa Hawkins, Joan Johnson, James Crawford
Producer(s)
Jerry Wexler, Harold Battiste
Dr. John singles chronology
"Wash, Mama, Wash"
(1970) "Iko Iko"
(1972) "Right Place Wrong Time"
(1973)
Background[edit]
New Orleans singer and pianist Dr. John covered "Iko Iko" in 1972 for his fifth studio album Dr. John's Gumbo. Released as a single in March 1972 on Atco Records, his version of the song charted at number 71 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was produced by Jerry Wexler and Harold Battiste. The following is the "Iko Iko" story, as told by Dr. John in the liner notes to his 1972 album, Dr. John's Gumbo, in which he covers New Orleans R&B classics:
The song was written and recorded back in the early 1950s by a New Orleans singer named James Crawford who worked under the name of Sugar Boy & the Cane Cutters. It was recorded in the 1960s by the Dixie Cups for Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller's Red Bird Records, but the format we're following here is Sugar Boy's original. Also in the group were Professor Longhair on piano, Jake Myles, Big Boy Myles, Irv Bannister on guitar, and Eugene 'Bones' Jones on drums. The group was also known as the Chipaka Shaweez. The song was originally called 'Jockamo,' and it has a lot of Creole patois in it. Jockamo means 'jester' in the old myth. It is Mardi Gras music, and the Shaweez was one of many Mardi Gras groups who dressed up in far out Indian costumes and came on as Indian tribes. The tribes used to hang out on Claiborne Avenue and used to get juiced up there getting ready to perform and 'second line' in their own special style during Mardi Gras. That's dead and gone because there's a freeway where those grounds used to be. The tribes were like social clubs who lived all year for Mardi Gras, getting their costumes together. Many of them were musicians, gamblers, hustlers and pimps.
The song was performed by Dr. John during halftime of the 2008 NBA All-Star Game in New Orleans and again in 2014.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1972)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 71
Natasha version[edit]
"Iko Iko"
Single by Natasha
from the album Captured
B-side
"I Should Have Known"
"I Still Love You" (12")
Released
1982 (UK)
Format
7" vinyl, 12" vinyl
Recorded
1982
Genre
Pop
Label
Towerbell
Songwriter(s)
Barbara Hawkins, Rosa Hawkins, Joan Johnson
Producer(s)
Tom Newman
Natasha singles chronology
"Strangest Feeling"
(1981) "Iko Iko"
(1982) "The Boom Boom Room"
(1982)
Background[edit]
The most successful charting version in the UK was recorded by the Scottish singer Natasha, whose version reached number 10 on the UK singles chart in 1982.[14] The song also charted highly in Ireland, Israel and New Zealand. The single was produced by Tom Newman.[15] A remix of the single was released in 2007, and Natasha's version enjoyed a resurgence in 2014 when it was included on the soundtrack to the highest-grossing Italian film of 2014, A Boss in the Living Room (Un Boss in Salotto).[16]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1982)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 10
The Belle Stars version[edit]
"Iko Iko"
Single by The Belle Stars
from the album The Belle Stars/Rain Man Soundtrack
B-side
"The Reason" (UK)
"Las Vegas" by Hans Zimmer (U.S.)
Released
1982 (UK)
1989 (U.S.)
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1982
Genre
Pop
Length
2:49
Label
Stiff (UK)
Capitol (U.S.)
Songwriter(s)
Barbara Hawkins, Rosa Hawkins, Joan Johnson
Producer(s)
Brian Tench
The Belle Stars singles chronology
"Another Latin Love Song"
(1981) "Iko Iko"
(1982) "The Clapping Song"
(1982)
Background[edit]
In 1989, the British girl group the Belle Stars had a US chart hit with their cover of "Iko Iko" which reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in March, after it was included on the soundtrack of the film Rain Man, starring Tom Cruise and Dustin Hoffman.[17] The single was issued on Capitol Records. Their song is in the opening scene of the 1988 film.
It was originally released several years earlier on Stiff Records in 1982 as a single in the UK where it peaked at a modest number 35 on the UK Singles Chart in June 1982.[18] The track was produced by Brian Tench and was also featured on the band's eponymous debut album, The Belle Stars which reached number 15 on the UK Albums Chart.[18]
The Belle Stars version was also included in the 1997 film Knockin' on Heaven's Door,[19] K-9[20] and The Hangover in 2009. The Belle Stars' version of "Iko Iko" is used in a trailer for 20th Century Fox Family Features.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1982)
Peak
position
UK Singles Chart 35
Chart (1989)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 14
Captain Jack version[edit]
"Iko Iko"
Single by Captain Jack
from the album Top Secret
Released
2001
Format
CD single
Recorded
2001
Genre
Eurodance
Length
3:13
Label
E-Park Records
Songwriter(s)
Barbara Hawkins, Rosa Hawkins, Joan Johnson, James Crawford
Producer(s)
Udo Niebergall and Eric Sneo
Captain Jack singles chronology
"Only You"
(2000) "Iko Iko"
(2001) "Say Captain Say Wot"
(2001)
Background[edit]
The German Eurodance act Captain Jack recorded a cover version of "Iko Iko" for their fourth studio album, Top Secret in 2001. It was released on E-Park Records. The single was produced by Udo Niebergall and Eric Sneo. Captain Jack's version was a hit in several countries, reaching number 22 in Germany, number 62 in Switzerland and peaking at number 16 in Austria.[21]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2001)
Peak
position
German Singles 22
Swiss Singles 62
Austrian Singles 16
Other versions[edit]
The Larry Williams version, included on the Specialty Records Larry Williams album released in 1989, credits the song as being written by "Hawkins, Hawkins and Johnson" though Barbara Ann and Rosa Lee Hawkins and Joan Marie Johnson did not record it until eight years after Williams recorded it on April 26, 1957.[22]
Rolf Harris in 1965 recorded a cover version with slightly altered words, removing references to "flag boys" and other regionally specific lyrics, although much of the creole patois remained as a sort of nonsense scat. This version made the song popular in England and Australia in the 1960s. It was released in Australia both on the Rolf Harris Show album, and on the Jake The Peg picture-cover EP.
It has also been covered by the Grateful Dead who made "Iko Iko" a staple in their live shows from 1977 onward. It was included on their live album, Reckoning as a bonus track on the 2004 CD reissue.
The Neville Brothers recorded it in a medley with the melodically-related Mardi Gras song "Brother John" as "Brother John/Iko Iko" for their 1981 album Fiyo on the Bayou.
Saragossa Band recorded a cover of the song in 1981 as "Aiko Aiko".[23]
Cyndi Lauper covered the song on her True Colors album in 1986.
An a cappella version of the song was performed by Britta Phillips, Julia Roberts, Justine Bateman, and Trini Alvarado in the 1988 film Satisfaction.
Amy Holland covered the song in 1989 for the soundtrack of the film K-9.
Kids Incorporated covered the song in the episode "Pollution Problems", recorded in 1989 and released in 1990.
The song is regularly performed by artists from New Orleans such as The Radiators, Willy DeVille, Buckwheat Zydeco, Irma Thomas and Zachary Richard, and can often be heard on the streets and in the bars of New Orleans, especially during Mardi Gras.
Other remakes were by Cowboy Mouth, Warren Zevon, Long John Baldry (with backing vocal by Elton John), Dave Matthews & Friends, The Ordinary Boys, Glass Candy, and Sharon, Lois & Bram, among others.
Aaron Carter covered "Iko Iko" for 2000's The Little Vampire soundtrack and included it on his album Aaron's Party (Come Get It). He filmed a music video for his cover located in Honolulu, Hawaii.
A later version by Zap Mama, with rewritten lyrics, was featured in the opening sequences of the film Mission: Impossible 2 in 2000.
The band Schtärneföifi released a Swiss German version, "Heicho – Ohni Znacht is Bett", which has become a popular children's song in Switzerland. In 2009, the band rerecorded their version with The Dixie Cups and the Hot 8 Brass Band in New Orleans.[24]
Rooster Davis and Ann Vriend perform the song on Rooster Davis' album "For Saints and Sinners", released in 2015.
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 2015 film and soundtrack Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip.
Turkish singer Gökçe Dinçer recorded a cover of the song in 2015 as "Tik Tak".[25]
Sia, along with Jimmy Fallon, Natalie Portman, and band The Roots, performed the song for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon in 2016.[26]
Linguistic origins[edit]
Linguists and historians have proposed a variety of origins for the seemingly nonsensical chorus, suggesting that the words may come from a melange of cultures.
An interpretation in Louisiana Creole French is:
Ena! Ena!
Akout, akout, an déyè
Chaque amour fi nou wa na né
Chaque amour fi na né
Translation:
Hey now! Hey now!
Listen, listen at the back
All our love made our king be born
All our love made it happen.[citation needed]
Linguist Geoffrey D. Kimball derives the lyrics of the song in part from Mobilian Jargon, an extinct American Indian trade language consisting mostly of Choctaw and Chickasaw words and once used by Southeastern American Indians, Blacks, and European settlers and their descendants in the Gulf Coast Region.[27] In Mobilian Jargon, čokəma fehna (interpreted as "jockomo feeno") was a commonly used phrase, meaning "very good".
Another possible translation interprets the third and fourth lines as:[28]
Chokma finha an dan déyè
Chokma finha ane.
Chickasaw words "chokma" ("it's good") and "finha" ("very"), Creole "an dan déyè" from French Creole "an dans déyè" ("at the back"), and the Creole "ane" from the French "année" ("year").
Translation:
It's very good at the rear
It's a very good year.
In a 2009 Offbeat article, the Ghanaian social linguist Dr. Evershed Amuzu said the chorus was "definitely West African", reflecting the tonal patterns of the region. He notes that the phrase ayeko—often doubled as ayeko, ayeko—is a popular chant meaning "well done, or congratulations" among the Akan and Ewe people in modern-day Togo, Ghana, and Benin.[29] Both groups were frequently taken in the slave trade, often through Haiti to Louisiana. Ewes in particular are credited with bringing West African cultural influences like Vodun rites to Haiti and on to New Orleans.
Musicologist Ned Sublette has backed the idea that the chorus might have roots in Haitian slave culture, considering that the rhythms of Mardi Gras Indians are nearly indistinguishable from the Haitian Kata rhythm. Yaquimo, he has also noted, was a common name among the Taino inhabitants of Haiti in the early years of the slave trade.[29] "Jakamo Fi Na Ye" is also, whether coincidentally or not, the phrase "The black cat is here" in Bambara, a West African Mandingo language.
In a 1991 lecture to the New Orleans Social Science History Association, Dr. Sybil Kein proposed the following translation from Yoruba and Creole:
Code language!
God is watching
Jacouman causes it; we will be emancipated
Jacouman urges it; we will wait.[30]
Voodoo practitioners would recognize many aspects of the song as being about spirit possession. The practitioner, the horse, waves a flag representing a certain god to call that god into himself or herself. Setting a flag on fire is a curse. The man in green, who either changes personality or whose appearance is deceiving, would be recognized in Voodoo as possessed by a peaceful Rada spirit, inclining to green clothes and love magic. The man in red, who is being sent to kill, would likely be possessed by a vengeful Petwo spirit.[31] The relationship of the song to voodoo and Hoodoo (folk magic) is celebrated in the film The Skeleton Key.
Pop culture usage[edit]
Films[edit]
The film The Big Easy (1987) featured the Dixie Cups version of the song.
The film Satisfaction (1988) pays homage to this song with the band singing the song on their way to their next gig.
The Belle Stars version is used in Rain Man (1988).[32]
The Todd Phillips film The Hangover (2009) pays homage to the Belle Stars version with a scene (also a homage to Rain Man) in which the men attempt to win money at blackjack by counting cards.
A version in 1990 by Amit Kumar is performed in the Hindi film Kishen Kanhaiya (1990).
Zap Mama covered the song for the opening scene of Mission: Impossible 2 (2000).
A recurring song in The Skeleton Key (2005).
Natasha's version is used in A Boss in the Living Room (Italian: Un Boss In Salotto) (2014).[33]
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 2015 film and soundtrack Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip
Television[edit]
A modified version was created for a "Nickelodeon Nation" campaign.[34]
South African artist Kurt Darren created his own version of the song, entitled "Aiko Aiko".
In 1989, Mowaya covered this song in Season 1 of The All-New Mickey Mouse Club (now MMC).
Actress Kim Dickens' character Janette sings it while wandering the streets during Mardi Gras in episode 8, season 1 of the HBO series Treme. It also features in episode 4, season 3 of the series.
It was used as an opening song in Miss USA 2014 which was held in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[citation needed]
It also made an appearance on The Fresh Prince of Bel Air in Season 2, when Will and Aunt Vivian play a jump rope game together singing the song.
It's featured in the 2017 series American Gods, during a bar fight scene depicting the joy of conflict.
Other[edit]
Abita Brewing Company produces a beer called Jockamo IPA.[35]
Advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi (Australia) used the track as backing for a Cadbury Chocolates Australia 2014 ad campaign.
The protagonist of Neil Gaiman's novel American Gods recognizes the song as sung by the Dixie Cups as "an old children's song" while in a dive bar with the god Odin.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Who is the tenor sax player on James "Sugarboy" Crawford's 1953 recording "Jock-o-Mo" (the original of "Iko Iko")? - Quora". quora.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "BackTalk with James "Sugar Boy" Crawford". Offbeat.com. 2002-02-01. Archived from the original on 2009-09-22. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
^ Jump up to: a b National Public Radio-Morning Edition news cast. "Interview with Barbara Ann Hawkins".
Jump up ^ Betrock, Alan (1982). Girl Groups The Story of a Sound (1st ed.). New York: Delilah Books. pgs. 90-94. ISBN 0-933328-25-7
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2009). Top Pop Singles 1955-2008 (12th ed.). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 282.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Presents Across The Charts: The 1960s (first ed.). Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p.119.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). Top Pop Albums 1955-1996 (4 ed.). Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation. p. 222. ISBN 0-89820-117-9.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Iko Iko. w & m Rosa Lee Hawkins, Barbara Anne Hawkins & Joan Marie Johnson". Cocatalog.loc.gov. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
Jump up ^ "Iko-Iko / words & music by Joe Jones, Sharon Jones, Marilyn Jones, Jessie". Cocatalog.loc.gov. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "case:00-civ-03785". Ecf.laed.uscourts.gov. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
Jump up ^ "United States Court of Appeals - Fifth Circuit - FILED - August 29, 2003 - Charles R. Fulbruge III - Clerk" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-09.
Jump up ^ Betts, Graham (2004). Complete UK Hit Singles 1952-2004 (1st ed.). London: Collins. p. 546. ISBN 0-00-717931-6.
Jump up ^ "Natasha* - Iko-Iko (Vinyl)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (6th ed.). New York: Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 57. ISBN 0-8230-7632-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 53. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ "Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997) : Soundtracks". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ "K-9 (1989) : Soundtracks". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Captain Jack - Iko Iko". Austriancharts.at. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Specialty Records SPCD 7002, Larry Williams CD liner notes
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ "Schtärneföifi performing their Iko Iko version at Swiss television". Videoportal.sf.tv. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Fallon, Sia, Natalie Portman & The Roots Sing "Iko Iko"". YouTube. 2016-01-27. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Drechsel, Emanuel J. 1997. Mobilian Jargon: Linguistic and Sociohistorical Aspects of a Native American Pidgin. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 249.
Jump up ^ Janice A. Radway; Kevin Gaines; Barry Shank; Penny con Eschen (2009). American Studies: An Anthology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 207. ISBN 1405113510.
^ Jump up to: a b Hinshaw, Drew (April 1, 2009). "Iko Iko: In Search of Jockomo". OffBeat. Offbeat Publications. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Iko, Iko Traditional Mardis Gras Indian Call" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-11-22.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Joseph. 2011. Creole Religions of the Caribbean: An Introduction from Vodou and Santeria to Obeah and Espiritismo. NY: New York City Press. 2nd ed. 116-154.
Jump up ^ "Rain Man (1988) : Soundtracks". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Un boss in salotto Soundtrack (2014)". Soundtrack.net. 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
Jump up ^ Famiglietti, Phyllis. "Nickelodeon Nation House Party". Vimeo.com. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
Jump up ^ "Abita Brewing Co". Abita.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
External links[edit]
Origins of the song "Iko Iko" - AMG website
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
show
v
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e
The Dixie Cups
Albums
Chapel of Love
Iko Iko
Singles
"Chapel of Love"
"People Say"
"Iko Iko"
"Gee The Moon Is Shining Bright"
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Jerry Leiber
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1
2
3
4
Dick's Picks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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16
17
18
19
20
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Road Trips
Vol 1 No 1
Vol 1 No 2
Vol 1 No 3
Vol 1 No 4
Vol 2 No 1
Vol 2 No 2
Vol 2 No 3
Vol 2 No 4
Vol 3 No 1
Vol 3 No 2
Vol 3 No 3
Vol 3 No 4
Vol 4 No 1
Vol 4 No 2
Vol 4 No 3
Vol 4 No 4
Vol 4 No 5
Dave's Picks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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Digital Download Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Family Dog at the Great Highway
9
10
11
12
Spectrum 11/5/79
Spectrum 11/6/79
Compilations
Skeletons from the Closet: The Best of Grateful Dead
What a Long Strange Trip It's Been
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The Very Best of Grateful Dead
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Videography
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Dead Ringers: The Making of Touch of Grey
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Ticket to New Year's
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Long Strange Trip
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Bill Graham v. Dorling Kindersley
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Cyndi Lauper
Discography
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Tours
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True Colors
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Aaron Carter
Discography
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Aaron Carter (1997)
Aaron's Party (Come Get It) (2000)
Oh Aaron (2001)
Another Earthquake! (2002)
LØVË (2018)
Compilation albums
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Come Get It: The Very Best of Aaron Carter (2006)
2 Good 2 B True (2006)
EPs
LØVË (2017)
Singles
"Crush on You"
"Crazy Little Party Girl"
"Let the Music Heal Your Soul"
"I Want Candy"
"Aaron's Party (Come Get It)"
"That's How I Beat Shaq"
"Oh Aaron"
"Not Too Young, Not Too Old"
"Leave It Up to Me"
"Fool's Gold"
Other songs
"Leave It Up to Me"
DVDs
Aaron's Party: The Videos
Aaron's Party: Live in Concert
Oh Aaron: Live in Concert
Related articles
House of Carters
After Party Tour
Leslie Carter
Nick Carter
Hilary Duff
Lindsay Lohan
Liberty's Kids
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