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Over the Rainbow
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This article is about the 1939 song. For other uses, see Over the Rainbow (disambiguation).
"Over the Rainbow"
Song by Judy Garland
Published
1939
Genre
Ballad
Composer(s)
Harold Arlen
Lyricist(s)
E.Y. Harburg
"Over the Rainbow" is a ballad, with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Yip Harburg.[1] It was written for the movie The Wizard of Oz and was sung by actress Judy Garland, in her starring role as Dorothy Gale.[1] It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song, as well as one of the most enduring standards of the 20th century.
About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing to get Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and the farmhands to listen to her relate an unpleasant incident involving her dog, Toto, and the town spinster, Miss Gulch (Margaret Hamilton). Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". This prompts her to walk off by herself, musing to Toto, "Some place where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain...", at which point she begins singing.
Contents
1 Influence and legacy
2 The Wizard of Oz
3 Original Garland recordings
4 Lyrics
5 International artists
6 Israel Kamakawiwoʻole version
7 Eva Cassidy version
7.1 Track listings
7.2 Charts
8 Danielle Hope version
8.1 Track listings
8.2 Chart performance
9 Ariana Grande version
9.1 Chart performance
10 Other versions
10.1 On albums and singles
10.2 On film and television
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Influence and legacy[edit]
The song is number one on the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The American Film Institute also ranked the song the greatest movie song of all time on the list of "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs".
The very first artist to record the song was actually big band singer Bea Wain, who at the time was a featured vocalist with the Larry Clinton Orchestra. MGM prohibited release of this version until The Wizard of Oz (1939) had opened and audiences heard Judy Garland perform it.[2]
It was adopted (along with Irving Berlin's 1942 hit "White Christmas") by American troops in Europe in World War II, as a symbol of the United States.
In April 2005, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp recognizing lyricist Yip Harburg's accomplishments; it features the opening lyric from the song.[3]
The song was used as an audio wakeup call in the STS-88 space shuttle mission in Flight Day 4, which was dedicated to astronaut Robert D. Cabana from his daughter, Sara.[4]
The song was honored with the 2014 Towering Song Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame and was sung at its dinner on June 12, 2014, by Jackie Evancho.[5]
In April 2016, The Daily Telegraph listed the song as number 8 on its list of the 100 greatest songs of all time.[6]
In March 2017, Garland's original rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant".[7]
The Wizard of Oz[edit]
The song's sequence and the entirety of the Kansas scenes were directed by King Vidor, though he was not credited. The song was initially deleted from the film after a preview in San Luis Obispo, because MGM chief executive Louis B. Mayer and producer Mervyn LeRoy thought it "slowed down the picture" and that "the song sounds like something for Jeanette MacDonald, not for a little girl singing in a barnyard". However, the persistence of associate producer Arthur Freed and Garland's vocal coach/mentor Roger Edens to keep it in the film eventually paid off—it is for this sequence that the film is best known and remembered.[8]
At the start of the film, part of the song is played by the MGM orchestra over the opening credits. A reprise of it was deleted after being filmed. An additional chorus was to be sung by Dorothy while she was locked in the Witch's castle, helplessly awaiting death as the hourglass ran out. However, although the visual portion of that reprise is presumably lost, the soundtrack of it survives and was included in the 2-CD Deluxe Edition of the film's soundtrack, released by Rhino Entertainment in 1995. In that extremely intense and fear-filled rendition, Dorothy cries her way through it, unable to finish, concluding with a tear-filled, "I'm frightened, Auntie Em, I'm frightened!" This phrase was retained in the film and is followed immediately by Aunt Em's brief appearance in the crystal ball, where she is soon replaced by the visage of the witch (Hamilton), mocking and taunting Dorothy before turning toward the camera to cackle. Another instrumental version is played in the underscore in the final scene, and over the closing credits.
Original Garland recordings[edit]
"Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz
A sample of the original version of "Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz, sung by Judy Garland.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
On October 7, 1938, Judy Garland first recorded the song on the MGM soundstages, using an arrangement by Murray Cutter.
In September 1939, a studio recording of the song, not from the actual film soundtrack, was recorded and released as a single by Decca Records.
In March 1940, that same recording was included on a Decca 78-RPM four-record studio cast album entitled The Wizard of Oz. Although this is not the version of the song featured in the film, Decca would continue to re-release the so-called "Cast Album" well into the 1960s after it was re-issued as a single-record 331⁄3 RPM LP.
It was not until 1956, when MGM released the true soundtrack album from the film, that the film version of the song was made available to the public. The 1956 soundtrack release was timed to coincide with the television premiere of the film.[9] The soundtrack version has been re-released several times over the years, including in a "Deluxe Edition" from Rhino Records in 1995.[10]
'Over the Rainbow' has become part of my life. It's so symbolic of everybody's dreams and wishes that I'm sure that's why some people get tears in their eyes when they hear it. I've sung it thousands of times and it's still the song that's closest to my heart.
– Judy Garland, in a letter to Harold Arlen[11]
Following the film's release in 1939, the song became Garland's signature song and she would perform it for the next 30 years, until her death in 1969. She performed it without altering it, singing exactly as she did for the film. She explained her fidelity by saying that she was staying true to the character of Dorothy and to the message of really being somewhere over the rainbow.[12]
In 2017, Garland's recorded rendition of the film was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant".[7]
Lyrics[edit]
An introductory verse ("When all the world is a hopeless jumble…") that was not used in the film is often used in theatrical productions of The Wizard of Oz and is included in the piano sheet music book of songs from the film. It was also used in renditions by Frank Sinatra, by Al Bowlly, by Doris Day on her album Hooray For Hollywood (1958) (Vol.1), by Tony Bennett on his albums Tony Bennett Sings a String of Harold Arlen (1961) and Here's to the Ladies (1995), by Ella Fitzgerald, by Sarah Vaughan, and by Norma Waterson, among others. Garland herself sang the introductory verse only once, on a 1948 radio broadcast of The Louella Parsons Show.[13] Lyrics for a second verse ("Once by a word only lightly spoken…") appear in the British edition of the sheet music.[14]
International artists[edit]
The first German version in the English language was recorded by the Swing Orchestra Heinz Wehner (1908–1945) in March 1940 in Berlin. Wehner, at this time an international well-known German Swing Artist,[15] also took over the vocals.[16] The first German version in German language was sung by Inge Brandenburg (1929–1999) in 1960.[17]
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole version[edit]
Main article: Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World"
Single by Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
from the album Facing Future
Released
1993
Format
CD single
Recorded
1988
Label
Mountain Apple Company
Songwriter(s)
E.Y. Harburg, Bob Thiele, George David Weiss
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole's album Facing Future, released in 1993, included a ukulele medley of the song and Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World". It reached number 12 on Billboard's Hot Digital Tracks chart the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004).[18] In the UK, it was released as a single under the title "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". It entered the UK Official Singles Chart in April 2007 at number 68. In Germany, the single also returned to the German Singles Chart in September 2010. After only 2 weeks on that chart, it had already received gold status for having sold 150,000 copies.[19] In October 2010, it reached No. 1 in the German charts and 2011 it has been certified 5x Gold for selling more than 750,000 copies.[19] It stayed 12 non-consecutive weeks at the top spot and was the most successful single in Germany in 2010.[20] As of March 2012, it's the 2nd best-selling download ever in Germany with digital sales between 500,000 and 600,000.[21][22] In France, it debuted at number 4 in December 2010 and reached number one.[23] In the USA, it was certified Platinum for 1,000,000 downloads sold.[24] To date it has sold over 4.2 million digital copies as of October 2014.[25] In Switzerland, it received Platinum, too, for 30,000 copies sold.[26]
This version of the song has been used in several commercials, films and television programs including Finding Forrester, Meet Joe Black, 50 First Dates, Son of the Mask, Snakes on a Plane, Charmed, South Pacific, Cold Case, ER, Life on Mars, Horizon, and Scrubs. The Kamakawiwoʻole version of the song was covered by the cast of Glee on the season one finale, "Journey," and included on the extended play Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals, charting at number 30 in the UK, 31 in Canada and Ireland, 42 in Australia, and 43 in the US.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Cliff Richard recorded his own version of the medley based on this one with a medley of "Over the Rainbow/What A Wonderful World" released as a single from the album Wanted, which charted in the UK in 2001 and Aselin Debison recorded the medley for her 2002 album Sweet is the Melody.
This version of the song was recorded in 1988, in Honolulu, in just one take. Israel called the recording studio at 3 am. He was given 15 minutes to arrive by Milan Bertosa. Bertosa is quoted as saying ″And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel was probably like 500 pounds. And the first thing at hand is to find something for him to sit on." The building security found Israel a large steel chair. "Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over."[34]
Eva Cassidy version[edit]
"Over the Rainbow"
Single by Eva Cassidy
from the album The Other Side/Songbird
Released
January 29, 2001 (UK)
Format
CD single
Label
Blix Street
Producer(s)
Chris Biondo
Eva Cassidy recorded a version of the song for the 1992 Chuck Brown/Eva Cassidy album The Other Side. After her death in 1996, it was included in her posthumously-released compilation album Songbird, released in 1998 and was released as a CD single in 2001. It was popularized by the BBC on BBC Radio 2 and on the television show Top of the Pops 2; the latter featured a video recording of Cassidy performing it.
When released as a single, "Over the Rainbow" debuted at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2001 and climbed to number 42 in May, becoming Cassidy's first single to chart in the United Kingdom. In Scotland, the cover was slightly more successful, reaching number 36 and giving Cassidy her first top 40 hit in that region. The publicity of the song helped push sales of the compilation album Songbird to number one on the UK Albums Chart in March 2001.
Cassidy's recording was selected by the BBC for their Songs of the Century album in 1999. Her performance of it at Blues Alley was published for the first time in January 2011 on her Simply Eva album.
Track listings[edit]
CD single
"Over the Rainbow"
"Dark End of the Street"
Charts[edit]
Chart (2001)
Peak
Position
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[35] 36
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[36] 42
Danielle Hope version[edit]
"Over the Rainbow"
Single by Danielle Hope
Released
May 23, 2010 (UK)
Format
Digital download, CD single
Genre
Pop
Length
2:58
Label
Polydor Records
Danielle Hope, the winner of the Wizard of Oz-themed BBC talent show Over the Rainbow, released a cover version of the song. It was released by digital download on May 23, 2010 and a CD single was released May 31, 2010.[37] As it was recorded before a winner was announced, runners-up Lauren Samuels and Sophie Evans also recorded versions of it. These were both later made available for download on June 6, 2010. All three finalists appeared on the CD single's B-side: a Wizard of Oz medley.[37]
The single was a charity record, raising money for both the BBC Performing Arts Fund and Prostate UK.[38]
Track listings[edit]
UK digital download
"Over the Rainbow" – 2:58
CD single
"Over the Rainbow"
"The Wizard of Oz medley" – Sophie Evans, Danielle Hope and Lauren Samuels
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2010)
Peak
Position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[39] 29
Ariana Grande version[edit]
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
Single by Ariana Grande
Released
June 6, 2017 (2017-06-06)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Pop
Length
4:32
Label
Republic
Producer(s)
E.Y. Harburg
Harold Arlen
Ariana Grande singles chronology
"Heatstroke"
(2017) "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
(2017) "No Tears Left to Cry"
(2018)
American singer Ariana Grande released the song on June 6, 2017 as a single to raise money as part of her benefit concert One Love Manchester, after 22 people were killed in the Manchester Arena bombing at Grande's concert on May 22, 2017.[40]
Grande performed the single for the first time on TV at the One Love Manchester concert on June 4, 2017. Beginning on June 7, the singer added the song to her Dangerous Woman Tour setlist for the remainder of that tour.[41][42]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[43]
60
Other versions[edit]
On albums and singles[edit]
Glenn Miller (1939)[44]
Boyd Raeburn (1946)[44]
Bud Powell (1951)[44]
Dave Brubeck, Jazz at Storyville (1952)[44]
Art Tatum, The Art Tatum Solo Masterpieces Volume 6 (1953)[44]
Ray Charles, Ingredients in a Recipe for Soul (1963)[44]
Stanley Jordan, Stolen Moments (1990)[44]
James Booker, Spiders On The Keys (1993)
Keith Jarrett, La Scala (1995)[44]
Katharine McPhee (2006)[45]
Jewel, Lullaby (2009)
Jeff Beck recorded a version on his album Emotion & Commotion (2010).[46]
The Demensions recorded a version that reached No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960.[47]
Nicholas David, a contestant on the third season of The Voice, recorded a version that went to No. 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2012 with sales of 48,000 copies.[48]
Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs's version topped the Australian music charts in 1965. Another version charted in 1974 after Thorpe's blues-based revival of the song at the 1973 Sunbury Pop Festival.[49]
Cosmic Gate released a trance cover called "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" that reached No. 29 on the Gfk Entertainment Charts and No. 82 in the Swiss Singles Charts
On film and television[edit]
In the film Third Finger, Left Hand (1940) with Myrna Loy and Melvyn Douglas the tune is played throughout the film in short sequences.
In the film The Philadelphia Story (1940), James Stewart sings the song while carrying Katharine Hepburn.
The tune appeared throughout the film I Wake Up Screaming (1941) starring Betty Grable and Victor Mature.
The song can be heard in an ironic context in the Vincent Price horror film Dr. Phibes Rises Again (1972).
Sam Harris's version appeared in an episode of Beavis and Butt-head.
In 1995, Jewel played Dorothy Gale in the television concert special The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True.
Olivia Newton-John's version was used in the 1997 movie Face/Off.
Nora Ephron used two versions of the song in two movies she directed: Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You've Got Mail (1998). The songs were sung by Ray Charles and Harry Nilsson, but only Nilsson's is included on a soundtrack.
Mariah Carey sang the song in a medley to her godmother, Patti LaBelle, during the Essence Awards in 1998.
Jane Monheit's version is used over the end credits of the film "Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow" (2004).
A version of the song was appeared in an episode of The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy.
The song appeared at the end of the Scrubs episode "My Way Home".[50]
The song appears in the second episode of Salad Fingers, sung by the character of the same name.
Beyoncé sang this song at the Live Movies Rocks in 2007.
This song inspired the soundtrack of the short Lava (Pixar, 2014) that was theatrically released alongside Pixar's Inside Out in 2015.
Nick Jonas sang it in the TV movie Elvis, based on Elvis Presley and his illegalmate children. The film premiered on June 29, 2018 on TNT.
See also[edit]
Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz
List of 1930s jazz standards
List of best-selling singles
List of best-selling singles in the United States
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Israel Kamakawiwo'ole: The Voice Of Hawaii". 50 Great Voices. NPR. December 6, 2010. Archived from the original on March 9, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2015. Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over.
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External links[edit]
The Judy Garland Online Discography
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Discography
Performances
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Awards and honors
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The Wizard of Oz
Elements
"Surrender Dorothy"
Ruby slippers
Music
"Over the Rainbow"
"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead"
"We're Off to See the Wizard"
"If I Only Had a Brain"
"Optimistic Voices"
"The Merry Old Land of Oz"
"If I Were King of the Forest"
"The Jitterbug" (cut from final film)
Versions, sequels, and
adaptations
Stage musicals: 1942, 1987, 2011
The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True
On television
Was
Apocalypse Oz
Off to See the Wizard
Journey Back to Oz
The Wiz
The Wizard of Oz (TV series)
Return to Oz (1985)
Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz
Wicked
Oz the Great and Powerful
Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz
Lost In Oz
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz
Games
Arcade game
Pinball
Video game
Related
The Making of The Wizard of Oz
Friend of Dorothy
Over the Rainbow
Dark Side of the Rainbow
Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz
Lego Dimensions
L. Frank Baum
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
show
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Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
show
v
t
e
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
Studio albums
Ka 'Ano'i (1990)
Facing Future (1993)
E Ala E (1995)
N Dis Life (1996)
Compilation albums
Alone in IZ World (2001)
Wonderful World (2009)
Songs
"Over the Rainbow"
"What a Wonderful World"
"Kaleohano"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World"
Related
Mākaha Sons
show
v
t
e
Eva Cassidy
Studio albums
The Other Side (1992)
Eva by Heart (1997)
Time After Time (2000)
Imagine (2002)
American Tune (2003)
Somewhere (2008)
Simply Eva (2011)
Live albums
Live at Blues Alley (1996)
Nightbird (2015)
Compilations
Songbird (1998)
No Boundaries (2000)
Wonderful World (2004)
The Best of Eva Cassidy (2012)
Singles
"People Get Ready"
"Over the Rainbow"
"Fields of Gold"
"It Doesn't Matter Anymore"
"Imagine"
"Songbird"
"What a Wonderful World" (with Katie Melua)
Related
Discography
show
v
t
e
Ariana Grande
Discography
Awards and nominations
Songs
Live performances
Studio albums
Yours Truly
My Everything
Dangerous Woman
Sweetener
Other releases
Christmas Kisses
The Remix
Christmas & Chill
The Best
Singles
"Put Your Hearts Up"
"The Way"
"Baby I"
"Right There"
"Last Christmas"
"Santa Tell Me"
"Problem"
"Break Free"
"Bang Bang"
"Love Me Harder"
"One Last Time"
"E Più Ti Penso"
"Focus"
"Dangerous Woman"
"Into You"
"Side to Side"
"Everyday"
"Beauty and the Beast"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
"No Tears Left to Cry"
"God Is a Woman"
Other songs
"Almost Is Never Enough"
"Best Mistake"
"Be Alright"
"Let Me Love You"
"Greedy"
"The Light Is Coming"
"Goodnight n Go"
Collaborations
"Popular Song"
"All My Love"
"Adore"
"Research"
"Boys Like You"
"Over and Over Again"
"My Favorite Part"
"Faith"
"Heatstroke"
"Dance to This"
"Bed"
Concert tours
The Listening Sessions
The Honeymoon Tour
Dangerous Woman Tour
The Sweetener Sessions
Related articles
Frankie Grande
One Love Manchester
Book
Category
Portal
show
v
t
e
Jerry Lee Lewis
Studio albums
Jerry Lee Lewis
Jerry Lee's Greatest
Golden Hits of Jerry Lee Lewis
The Return of Rock
Country Songs for City Folks
Memphis Beat
Soul My Way
Another Place, Another Time
She Still Comes Around
Sings the Country Music Hall of Fame Hits, Vol. 1
Sings the Country Music Hall of Fame Hits, Vol. 2
The Golden Cream of the Country
She Even Woke Me Up to Say Goodbye
In Loving Memories: The Jerry Lee Lewis Gospel Album
There Must Be More to Love Than This
Touching Home
Would You Take Another Chance on Me?
The Killer Rocks On
Who's Gonna Play This Old Piano?
The Session...Recorded in London with Great Artists
Sometimes a Memory Ain't Enough
Southern Roots: Back Home to Memphis
I-40 Country
Boogie Woogie Country Man
Odd Man In
Country Class
Country Memories
Jerry Lee Keeps Rockin'
Jerry Lee Lewis
When Two Worlds Collide
Killer Country
Young Blood
Last Man Standing
Mean Old Man
Rock & Roll Time
Collaborations
Together (with Linda Gail Lewis
Million Dollar Quartet (with Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins and Elvis Presley)
The Survivors Live (with Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins)
Class of '55 (with Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins and Roy Orbison)
Live albums
Live at the Star Club, Hamburg
The Greatest Live Show on Earth
By Request: More of the Greatest Live Show on Earth
Live at the International, Las Vegas
Last Man Standing Live
Soundtrack albums
Jamboree (1957)
American Hot Wax (1978)
Great Balls of Fire! (1989)
Dick Tracy (1990)
Compilation albums
Original Golden Hits, Vol. 1
Original Golden Hits, Vol. 2
Rockin' Rhythm and Blues
A Taste of Country
Best of Jerry Lee Lewis
All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology
Songs
"Baby Baby Bye Bye"
"Baby, Hold Me Close"
"Breathless"
"Chantilly Lace"
"Cold, Cold Heart"
"Come as You Were"
"Crown Victoria Custom '51"
"Crazy Arms"
"Don't Let Me Cross Over" (with Linda Gail Lewis)
"Down the Line"
"End of the Road"
"Great Balls of Fire"
"Hi-Heel Sneakers"
"High School Confidential"
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
"In the Mood"
"Invitation to Your Party"
"It'll Be Me"
"Jackson" (with Linda Gail Lewis)
"Lewis Boogie"
"Me and Bobby McGee"
"Old Black Joe"
"One Has My Name (The Other Has My Heart)"
"One Minute Past Eternity"
"She Even Woke Me Up to Say Goodbye"
"She Still Comes Around (To Love What's Left of Me)"
"Sixteen Candles"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
"Sweet Little Sixteen"
"There Must Be More to Love Than This"
"To Make Love Sweeter for You"
"Turn On Your Love Light"
"What's Made Milwaukee Famous (Has Made a Loser Out of Me)"
"What'd I Say"
"When He Walks on You (Like You Have Walked On Me)"
"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"
"Would You Take Another Chance on Me"
"You Win Again"
Filmography
Jamboree (1957)
High School Confidential (1958)
Be My Guest (1965)
American Hot Wax (1978)
Family
Mickey Gilley
Linda Gail Lewis
Carl McVoy
Jimmy Swaggart
Related articles
Discography
Great Balls of Fire!
Walk the Line
Kenny Lovelace
Mack Vickery
show
v
t
e
Cliff Richard singles discography
1950s
"Move It" (1958)
"High Class Baby" (1958)
"Livin' Lovin' Doll" (1959)
"Mean Streak" (1959)
"Living Doll" (1959)
"Travellin' Light" (1959)
1960s
"Please Don't Tease" (1960)
"I Love You" (1960)
"A Girl Like You" (1961)
"When the Girl in Your Arms..." (1961)
"The Young Ones" / "We Say Yeah" (1962)
"I'm Lookin' Out the Window" / "Do You Want to Dance?" (1962)
"It'll Be Me" (1962)
"The Next Time" / "Bachelor Boy" (1962)
"Summer Holiday" (1963)
"Lucky Lips" (1963)
"It's All in the Game" (1963)
"I Only Have Eyes for You" (1964)
"Constantly (L'Edera)" (1964)
"The Twelfth of Never" (1964)
"The Minute You're Gone" (1965)
"Blue Turns to Grey" (1966)
"Visions" (1966)
"The Day I Met Marie" (1967)"
"All My Love" (1967)
"Congratulations" (1968)
"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon" (1968)
"Marianne" (1968)
"Early in the Morning" (1969)
1970s
"Sunny Honey Girl" (1971)
"Power to All Our Friends" (1973)
"Honky Tonk Angel" (1975)
"Miss You Nights" (1976)
"Devil Woman" (1976)
"Hey Mr. Dream Maker" (1976)
"My Kinda Life" (1977)
"When Two Worlds Drift Apart" (1977)
"Green Light" (1979)
"We Don't Talk Anymore" (1979)
1980s
"Carrie" (1980)
"Dreamin'" (1980)
"Suddenly" (1980)
"A Little in Love" (1980)
"Wired for Sound" (1981)
"Daddy's Home" (live) (1981)
"The Only Way Out" (1982)
"True Love Ways" (live) (1983)
"Baby You're Dynamite" / "Ocean Deep" (1984)
"Donna" (1984 US)
"Two to the Power of Love" (1984)
"Living Doll" (1986)
"All I Ask of You" (1986)
"My Pretty One" (1987)
"Some People" (1987)
"Remember Me" (1987)
"Two Hearts" (1988)
"Mistletoe and Wine" (1988)
"The Best of Me" (1989)
"I Just Don't Have the Heart" (1989)
"Lean On You" (1989)
"Whenever God Shines His Light" (1989)
1990s
"Stronger Than That" (1990)
"Silhouettes" (live) (1990)
"From a Distance" (live) (1990)
"Saviour's Day" (1990)
"Scarlet Ribbons" (1991)
"We Should Be Together" (1991)
"Peace in Our Time" (1993)
"All I Have to Do Is Dream" (live) / "Miss You Nights" (1994)
"Can't Keep this Feeling In" (1998)
"The Millennium Prayer" (1999)
2000s
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" (medley) (2001)
"Yesterday Once More" (2006)
"Move It" (2006)
"When I Need You" (2007)
"Mistletoe and Wine" (re-entry) (2008)
"Thank You for a Lifetime" (2008)
"Singing the Blues" (2009)
2010s
"Rip It Up" (2013)
"Since I Lost My Baby" (2014)
"Roll Over Beethoven" (2016)
"Blue Suede Shoes" (2017)
Book:Cliff Richard
show
v
t
e
Jewel singles
Discography
1990s releases
Pieces of You
"Who Will Save Your Soul"
"You Were Meant for Me"
"Foolish Games"
"Morning Song"
Spirit
"Hands"
"Down So Long"
"Jupiter (Swallow the Moon)"
"What's Simple Is True"
"Life Uncommon"
2000s and
2010s releases
This Way
"Standing Still"
"Break Me"
"This Way"
"Serve the Ego"
0304
"Intuition"
"Stand"
"2 Become 1"
Goodbye Alice in Wonderland
"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland"
"Again and Again"
"Good Day"
"Only One Too"
"Stephenville, TX"
Perfectly Clear
"Stronger Woman"
"I Do"
"Till It Feels Like Cheating"
Lullaby
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
Sweet and Wild
"Stay Here Forever"
"Satisfied"
"Ten"
Greatest Hits
"Two Hearts Breaking"
Soundtrack singles
"Quest for Love"
Guest singles
"That's the Way Love Goes"
Promotional singles
"Winter Wonderland"
"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing"
"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star"
"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
"The Christmas Song"
show
v
t
e
Willie Nelson singles discography
1950s
and
1960s
1957
"No Place for Me" / "Lumberjack"
1959
"Man With the Blues" / "The Storm Has Just Begun"
1960
"What a Way to Live" / "Misery Mansion"
"Nite Life" / "Rainy Day Blues"
1961
"The Part Where I Cry" / "Mr. Record Man"
1962
"Willingly" / "Chain of Love"
"Touch Me" / "Where My House Lives"
"Wake Me When It's Over" / "There's Gonna Be Love In My House"
"You Dream About Me" / "Is This My Destiny"
1963
"Half a Man" / "The Last Letter"
"Take My Word" / "Feed it a Memory"
1964
"How Long is Forever" / "You Took My Happy Away"
"Am I Blue" / "There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight"
"River Boy" / "Opportunity to Cry"
"I Never Cared For You" / "You Left Me (A Long Time Ago)"
"Pretty Paper" / "What A Merry Christmas This Could Be"
1965
"She's Not For You" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Healing Hands of Time" / "One Day at the Time"
"I Just Can't Let You Say Goodbye" / "And So Will You, My Love"
1966
"One In A Row" / "San Antonio Rose"
"Colombus Stockade Blues" / "He Sits at my Table"
"I'm Still Not Over You"/ "I Love You Because"
1967
"The Party's Over" / "Make Way for a Better Man"
"Blackjack County Chain" / "Some Other World"
"San Antonio" / "To Make a Long Story Short"
1968
"Little Things" / " Sweet Memories"
"Good Times" / "Where Do You Stand"
"Johnny One Time" / "She's Still Gone"
1969
"Bring Me Sunshine" / "Don't Say Love or Nothing"
"I Hope So" / "Right or Wrong"
1970s
1970
"Once More With Feeling" / "Who Do I Know in Dallas"
"Laying My Burdens Down" / "Truth Number One"
1971
"I'm a Memory" / "Fire and Rain"
"Yesterday's Wine" / "Me and Paul"
1972
"Words Don't Fit the Picture" / "A Moment"
1973
"Shotgun Willie" (mono) / "Sad Songs and Waltzes"
"Stay All Night (Stay a Little Longer)" / "Devil in a Sleepin' Bag"
1974
"I Still Can't Believe You're Gone" / "Heaven and Hell"
"Bloody Mary Morning" / "After the Fire is Gone"(with Tracy Nelson)
"Sister's Comin' Home" (mono) / "Pick Up The Tempo"
1975
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" / "Bandera"
1976
"Remember Me (When the Candle Lights Are Gleaming)" / "Time of the Preacher"
"I'd Have to Be Crazy" (mono) / "Amazing Grace"
"If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" / "The Sound in Your Mind"
1977
"Uncloudy Day" / "Precious Memories"
"I Love You A Thousand Ways" / "Mom and Dad's Waltz"
1978
"Georgia on My Mind" / "On The Sunny Side Of The Street"
"Blue Skies" / "Moonlight in Vermont"
"All of Me" / "Unchained Melody"
1979
"Whiskey River" / "Under the Double Eagle"
"September Song" / "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"White Christmas" / "Blue Christmas"
1980s
1980
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" / "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33"
"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" / "Rising Stars"
"Midnight Rider" / "So You Think You're A Cowboy"
"On the Road Again"/ "Jumpin' Cotton Eyed Joe" (performed by Johnny Gimble)
1981
"Angel Flying Too Close to the Ground" / "I Guess I've Come to Live Here in Your Eyes"
"Mona Lisa" / "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" / "Over the Rainbow"
"Heartaches of a Fool" / "Uncloudy Day"
1982
"Always on My Mind" / "The Party's Over"
"Let It Be Me" / "Permanently Lonely"
"Last Thing I Needed First Thing This Morning" / "Old Fords and a Natural Stone"
1983
"Little Old Fashioned Karma" / "Beer Barrel Polka"
"Why Do I Have to Choose" / "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)"
"Take It to the Limit" / "Till I Gain Control Again"
"Without a Song"
1984
"City of New Orleans (Unedited version)" / "Why Are You Pickin' On Me"
1985
"Forgiving You Was Easy" / "You Wouldn't Cross the Street"
"Me and Paul" / "I Let My Mind Wander"
1986
"Living in the Promiseland" / "Bach Minuet in G"
"I'm Not Trying to Forget You" / "I've Got the Craziest Feeling"
1987
"Partners After All" / "Home Away From Home"
"Heart of Gold" / "So Much Like My Dad"
"Island in the Sea" / "There Is No Easy Way"
1988
"Nobody There But Me" / "Wake Me When It's Over"
"Spanish Eyes" (with Julio Iglesias) / "Ole Buttermilk Sky"
"Twilight Time" / "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"
1989
"Nothing I Can Do About It Now" / "If I Were a Painting"
"There You Are" / "Spirit"
"Is The Better Part Over" / "Mr. Record Man"
1990s
1990
"The Highway" / "Spirit"
"Ain't Necessarily So" / "I Never Cared For You" ("Ain't Necessarily So" also on CD Single)
1991
"The Piper Came Today" / "(I Don't Have a Reason) To Go To California Anymore" ("The Piper Came Today" also on CD Single)
"Ten With a Two" / "You Decide"
1993
"Graceland"
"Still is Still Moving to Me" / "Valentine"
1995
"Turn Me Loose and Let Me Swing"
1998
"I Never Cared for You"
2000s
and
2010s
2002
"Mendocino County Line" (with Lee Ann Womack) / "Maria (Shut Up and Kiss Me)" (Both single tracks released on CD and 7" record)
2003
"Wurlitzer Prize" (with Norah Jones)
"Beer for My Horses" (with Toby Keith)
2005
"I'm a Worried Man" (with Toots Hibbert)
"The Harder They Come"
2006
"You Don't Know Me"
"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other"
2008
"Gravedigger"
"You Don't Think I'm Funny Anymore"
2011
"The Scientist"
2012
"Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die"
"Just Breathe"
"Come On Back Jesus"
2013
"From Here to the Moon and Back" (with Dolly Parton)
"Grandma's Hands" (with Mavis Staples)
"It Won't Be Long" (with The Secret Sisters)
"Somewhere Between" (with Loretta Lynn)
2014
"The Wall"
"Bring It On"
"Laws of Nature"
"Who'll Buy My Memories"
"Summer of Roses" / "December Day"
2015
"It's All Going to Pot"
"Alice in Hulaland"
2016
"Lay Me Down"
2017
"Still Not Dead"
2018
"Last Man Standing"
Book:Willie Nelson
Category:Willie Nelson
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb13856523g (data)
GND: 7863238-9
LCCN: no99041403
VIAF: 180865957
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Over_the_Rainbow&oldid=856167199"
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Maleficent
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This article is about the Disney character. For the film, see Maleficent (film).
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Maleficent
Sleeping Beauty character
Maleficent as she appears in Disney's Sleeping Beauty
First appearance
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
Created by
Marc Davis (animation)
Charles Perrault (fairy tale)
The Brothers Grimm (fairy tale)
Portrayed by
Kristin Bauer van Straten
(Once Upon a Time, 2011-2015)
Angelina Jolie
(Maleficent, 2014)
Isobelle Molloy
(as a child; Maleficent)
Ella Purnell
(as a teenager; Maleficent)
Kristin Chenoweth
(Descendants, 2015)
Voiced by
Eleanor Audley
(original film)
Linda Gary
(Fantasmic!)
Lois Nettleton
(Disney's House of Mouse)
Susanne Blakeslee
(2002–present)
Information
Aliases
Mistress of All Evil
Queen of Darkness (in Once Upon a Time only)
Mistress of the Universe (in Descendants only)
The Dark Fairy (in the "Villains" series of novels)
Species
Fairy[1]
Human (in Once Upon a Time only)
Gender
Female
Occupation
Sorceress/witch
Fairy godmother
Protector of the Moors (in Maleficent only)
Queen of the Moors (abdicated; in Maleficent only)
Children
Princess Aurora (goddaughter)
Lilith "Lily" Page (daughter; in Once Upon a Time only)
Mal (daughter; in Descendants only)
Maleficent (/məˈlɛfɪsənt/ or /məˈlɪfɪsənt/) is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 16th animated feature film Sleeping Beauty (1959). She is an evil fairy and the self-proclaimed "Mistress of All Evil" who, after not being invited to a christening, curses the infant Princess Aurora to "prick her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel and die" before the sun sets on Aurora's sixteenth birthday.
Maleficent is based on the evil fairy godmother character in Charles Perrault's fairy tale "Sleeping Beauty", as well as the villainess who appears in the Brothers Grimm's retelling of the story, "Little Briar Rose". She was voiced by Eleanor Audley, who earlier voiced Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's evil stepmother, in Cinderella (1950). Maleficent was animated by Marc Davis.
A postmodernist revision of the character appeared as the protagonist in the 2014 live-action film Maleficent, portrayed by Angelina Jolie. She also serves as a minor antagonist in Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Lois Nettleton, and as a recurring antagonist in the Kingdom Hearts video game series, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee. She is also one of several antagonists in the TV series Once Upon a Time, portrayed by Kristin Bauer van Straten, and the Disney Channel movie Descendants, portrayed by Kristin Chenoweth.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
2 Appearances
2.1 Sleeping Beauty
2.2 Maleficent
2.3 Other appearances
2.3.1 Maleficent's Revenge
2.3.2 Kingdom Hearts
2.3.3 Disney's House of Mouse
2.3.4 Kingdom Keepers
2.3.5 Dream Along With Mickey
2.3.6 Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party
2.3.7 World on Ice
2.3.8 Diva Villains
2.3.9 Mickey Mousecapade
2.3.10 Once Upon a Time
2.3.11 Descendants franchise
2.3.11.1 Descendants: Isle of the Lost
2.3.11.2 Descendants
2.3.11.3 Descendants: Return to the Isle of the Lost
2.3.12 Disney Infinity
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Development[edit]
This section is incomplete. This is because there is a reference to Mattinson without identifying who this is and relevance to the section. Most likely, it refers to Disney Legend Burny Mattinson, who was an assistant animator on Sleeping Beauty. (March 2017)
The character was animated by Marc Davis. The wicked sorceress or horned witch was aptly named "Maleficent" (an adjective which means "doing evil or harm"[2]). In determining Maleficent's design, standard depictions of witches and hags were dismissed as Mattinson's opted for an elegant, sinister, green-skinned beauty centered around the appearance of flames, ultimately crowning the villain with a black two-pointed headdress, often called an "atora".[citation needed] According to Mattinson, Maleficent "was designed like a giant vampire bat to create a feeling of menace."[3]
She was voiced by Eleanor Audley, who had previously performed Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's evil stepmother, in Cinderella. Audley also provided some live-action recording for both of these characters, to inspire the animators. In addition, dancer Jane Fowler performed some live-action reference for Maleficent.[4] Animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas, in their book The Disney Villain, describe animating Audley's voice as "a difficult assignment but a thrilling one, working to that voice track with so much innuendo mixed in with the fierce power."[5]
Maleficent transforms into a dragon in the original film, which was animated by Eric Cleworth, who said that the dragon was modeled on a rattlesnake, with "powerful muscles moving a bulky body over the rocky terrain."[3] Sound effects man Jim Macdonald searched for the sound of a dragon's fiery breath by asking the U.S. Army to send him some training films on flame throwing. These films provided just the right sound for him.[4]
Appearances[edit]
Sleeping Beauty[edit]
Main article: Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)
Maleficent as she appears in the original film
In the animated film, Maleficent arrives at King Stefan and Queen Leah's castle during the christening of their newborn daughter, the Princess Aurora. She expresses displeasure about not receiving an invitation, to which the good fairy Merryweather replies that she was unwanted. Angered, she prepares to leave. Queen Leah asks her if she is offended, causing Maleficent to deny her rage, and subsequently offers to bestow a "gift" on Aurora to show that she "bears no ill will". Maleficent confirms that Aurora will grow in grace and beauty, "beloved by all who know her", but as revenge for not being invited, she places a curse on Aurora so that before the sun sets on her sixteenth birthday, she will prick her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel and die. Laughing, her presence leaves, with the Royal Guards unable to seize her. Merryweather, who still has a gift to bestow, is unable to dispel Maleficent's power, but is able to weaken the curse so that Aurora will fall into a deep sleep instead, with only a kiss from her true love needed to awaken her.
Later, at her castle in the Forbidden Mountains, a frustrated Maleficent asks her bestial army why they have been unable to find Aurora, who had been hidden by the three good fairies. Maleficent learns that they have focused on searching for a baby the entire time, even though years have passed. Maleficent flies into a destructive rage, and soon desperately instructs her pet raven, Diablo, to find Aurora. The bird manages to succeed due to a magical quarrel between two of the fairies, which exposes their location.
On the evening of Aurora's sixteenth birthday, after the three fairies have momentarily left the depressed princess alone, Maleficent visits Aurora in the form of a will-o-the-wisp, luring the princess to a room where Maleficent transforms into a spinning wheel. Aurora pricks her finger on the spindle, fulfilling the curse.
Maleficent transformed into a dragon at the film's climax
Later on, Maleficent and her goons capture Prince Phillip, Aurora's true love, and imprison him. Maleficent then rests well, thinking she has triumphed.
Maleficent later wakes up and, by seeing that Diablo has been turned to stone, discovers that the fairies have freed Philip from her dungeon. She climbs to the top of one of her castle's towers and proceeds to blast Philip with lightning, and after the good fairies foil these attempts, she summons a forest of thorns, through which Philip slices his way out. Enraged, she blows away and confronts him in front of King Stefan's castle, and transforms into a huge dark dragon. The three fairies cast an enhancing enchantment on Phillip's Sword of Truth, which he throws into Maleficent's heart, mortally wounding her before she falls off the crumbling cliff to her death.
Maleficent[edit]
Main article: Maleficent (film)
Angelina Jolie as Maleficent in the 2014 live action remake film
The 2014 live action remake film presents Maleficent as a good-hearted but tragic fairy who protects the Moors, a realm of supernatural beings, from the neighboring human kingdom. She is played by Angelina Jolie.
Prior to sporting her iconic black attire, Maleficent had a pair of feathery fairy wings, wore a brown dress, and was always barefoot with an anklet on her left ankle. After healing a tree, Maleficent befriends and falls in love with a young peasant boy named Stefan, upon being alerted to his presence by Knotgrass, Thistletwit and Flittle, a trio of pixies.
As an adult, Maleficent is betrayed by Stefan, who uses iron to burn off her wings so that he can ascend the throne of the human kingdom, as per a bounty declared by the dying King Henry, who bore a grudge against her. Taking a raven named Diaval as a servant, a now hate-filled Maleficent names herself ruler of the Moors and her outfit changes to a darker one. When she learns that Stefan is now king and has had a newborn daughter named Aurora (Elle Fanning) with his wife, Queen Leila, acting on the notion that true love is nonexistent, Maleficent places a curse on the newborn Aurora to sleep forever unless she receives the kiss of true love, as revenge on Stefan. Because the three pixies that were assigned to look after Aurora proved to be incompetent, however, Maleficent cares for and saves the child from afar in order to ensure that her curse is completed, only to eventually develop a maternal affection for her. That love proves essential for a repentant Maleficent to undo her own curse when she kisses Aurora on the forehead. After waking from her sleep, Aurora helps restore Maleficent's wings to her when Stefan attempts to kill Maleficent, allowing her to defeat Stefan.
Soon after Stefan's death and Aurora's ascension, Maleficent crowns Aurora as the ruler of the Moors to unite their kingdoms forever under one throne.
Other appearances[edit]
Maleficent's Revenge[edit]
Maleficent was featured in the book sequel to Sleeping Beauty called Maleficent's Revenge. Two years following the events of the film, a specific solar eclipse has an effect on fairy magic that causes Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather to feel weak. The spell on Diablo is negated enabling him to find Maleficent's remains and use her staff to revive her.
On the day of the celebration, Maleficent storms in and places a curse upon the castle turning every soul with the exception of Aurora to stone. Tortured and desperate, Aurora pleads for mercy upon Phillip and her people going as far as to asking Maleficent to turn her into stone, as well. Maleficent refuses as she's unable to place a curse on the princess due to Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather's protection spell, but she is able to grant a wish resulting in Aurora sacrificing her life in exchange for her loved ones and people.
With Aurora once again put into a sleep-like state, the kingdom citizens are freed including Phillip, who rushes to the Forbidden Mountains to save his bride. There, a battle between Dragon Maleficent and the prince takes place. It is difficult for Prince Phillip since he doesn't have the Sword of Truth with him. The evil dragon attempts to bite Phillip with her venomous fangs, but she accidentally strikes her own tail, killing herself instead. When Maleficent is defeated once and for all, Phillip once again wakes Aurora with a kiss of true love.
Kingdom Hearts[edit]
Maleficent appears as a major character in the Kingdom Hearts video game series, voiced by Susanne Blakeslee in the English versions and Toshiko Sawada in the Japanese versions. She has appeared in every game in the series except for Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days, being one of the series' key antagonists alongside Xehanort. She seeks to control the Heartless and use them to take over the many worlds, with Pete acting as her second-in-command.
Disney's House of Mouse[edit]
Maleficent is a recurring character in the TV series Disney's House of Mouse, voiced by Lois Nettleton. She also appeared as a villain in the film Mickey's House of Villains. In the episode "Halloween With Hades", Hades falls in love with her.
Kingdom Keepers[edit]
In the book series by Ridley Pearson, Kingdom Keepers, Maleficent appears as one of the first Overtakers encountered as she intends to leave the confines of Disney World to take over the world. She recruits Jez with a spell due to the girl's abilities as a fairly (almost like a fairy, but fairly human) could reveal her plans, but fails. She breaks the seal to revive Chernabog as they escape in an ice truck to Disney's Hollywood Studios. It is said that the temperature goes down when she is around; later it is revealed she does this because warm temperatures weaken her magic. Later, in the fourth book, she and Chernabog are imprisoned in a hidden prison in Animal Kingdom, and during a blackout, the Evil Queen and Cruella de Vil make DHIs and rescue them. In the fifth book, Maleficent and the rest of the Overtakers ride the Dream on its first cruise, using Tia Dalma to revive Chernabog at full power. She meets her end in the sixth book when the Keepers' leader, Finn, rips a hole in her with his DHI powers. However, at the end of the seventh book, Tia Dalma enacts a ritual to resurrect Maleficent.
Dream Along With Mickey[edit]
In the Dream Along With Mickey stage show at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, Maleficent is one of the villains who appear onstage to threaten Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy. Maleficent states that since people no longer believe in dreams, it is the perfect time for her to return to power and make the Magic Kingdom "The Place Where Nightmares Come True". But Mickey leads the crowd in a chant of "Dreams Come True!" and scares away Maleficent's minions, Captain Hook and Smee, as well as defeating Maleficent herself.
Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party[edit]
Maleficent with the Queen of Hearts, and Captain Hook during Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party 2009.
Maleficent also makes appearances during Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party at the Walt Disney World Resort. She makes an appearance through her voice in HalloWishes, a Halloween-themed fireworks show along with Ursula, Jafar, and Oogie Boogie. Susan Blakeslee provides Maleficent's voice in those cases. Maleficent also appears during the Disney Villains Mix and Mingle stage show at that same event, appearing alongside fellow Disney Villains, including Captain Hook, Cruella de Vil, The Queen of Hearts, Jafar, and the Evil Queen.
World on Ice[edit]
Maleficent appears in the new version of the show Disneyland Adventure (replacing The Incredibles villain Syndrome). When she terrorizes the resort, she puts the entire kingdom to sleep and puts Minnie Mouse and Donald Duck into Sleeping Beauty Syndrome. She later took over It's a Small World and Pirates of the Caribbean, but The Incredible Family managed to defeat her, though she vowed for revenge.
Diva Villains[edit]
Maleficent is part of the "Diva Villains" line-up, a sub-franchise of the main Disney Villains franchise. Maleficent is the last "diva" to appear in the event at Disneyland, just as the Evil Queen and Cruella de Vil are complaining on Madam Mim's behavior. Next, Maleficent sings "That Old Black Magic" alone and later "We're Divas" along with the whole cast of the show.[6]
Mickey Mousecapade[edit]
Maleficent is the final boss in the North American version of the video game Mickey Mousecapade created in 1987 for the Nintendo Entertainment System.
Once Upon a Time[edit]
Kristin Bauer van Straten portrays Maleficent in Once Upon a Time.
A version of Maleficent plays a role in the storylines for the 2011 American fantasy drama TV series Once Upon a Time, played by Kristin Bauer van Straten as a witch who is able to take the form of a fire-breathing dragon. Maleficent is first introduced as the "only friend" of the Evil Queen from Snow White. She is also somewhat responsible in her use of magic: she kept Rumpelstiltskin's Dark Curse hidden to ensure it would never be used, and, upon learning she had been robbed by Robin Hood, allowed him to keep the gold on the condition that Will Scarlet return a dangerous mirror (actually a portal to Wonderland) he had stolen. She does have a bit of a temper, having gone after two generations of Sleeping Beauties: Queen Briar Rose and Princess Aurora, her daughter.
Rumplestiltskin once assembled her, Cruella de Vil, and Ursula as the "Queens of Darkness" to obtain the Dark Curse from within Bald Mountain. All three of them had combined their talents to obtain it while having to avoid the Chernabog.
Maleficent has a daughter named Lily whose egg was separated from her due to Isaac (who was the Author at the time; he was responsible for recording the stories but chose to alter them instead) setting Snow White and Prince Charming down a path where they would be forced to choose between accepting that their daughter, the as-yet-unborn Emma, had free will and thus could become evil, or choosing to corrupt an innocent ("as yet unformed in the ways of old and evil") and transfer Emma's potential for darkness into the chosen vessel. They chose the latter and stole the as-yet-unhatched Lily from Maleficent; Maleficent was weak from giving birth/laying the egg and was consequently unable to defend herself or her child. The Sorcerer's Apprentice, being controlled by Isaac, proceeded to transfer Emma's potential for darkness into the egg containing Lily; Lily was then transported to Earth alongside Ursula and Cruella de Vil, who were attempting to rescue her on Maleficent's behalf (It should be noted that Snow and Charming had been unaware that their chosen vessel would be sent to another world, not having asked about it's fate, however, once realising that the egg contained a human infant as opposed to a dragooning they did attempt to prevent the hatching egg falling into the portal).[7]
When transported to Storybrooke, Maleficent was trapped in her dragon form and confined to the caves beneath the town library, and she was later killed by Emma Swan to obtain a vial of liquid True Love that had previously been hidden within her body by Prince Charming (as part of a deal with Rumplestiltskin). She also returned in the second season as a wraith when Captain Hook was used as a distraction while Regina looked for a powerful object, the failsafe, so that she could blow up Storybrooke and escape with Henry; Hook was able to defeat Maleficent and escaped with the help of Greg and Tamara.
Upon being resurrected by Rumplestiltskin due to her ashes being exposed to Mary Margaret Blanchard and David Nolan's blood, Maleficent worked with Rumplestiltskin, Cruella de Vil, and Ursula to ensure that villains and not heroes would be the ones with happy endings. During this time Maleficent makes a deal with Rumplestiltkin, despite her not fulfilling her end of the bargain Rumple, empathising as a parent who has lost their child, agrees to show her the fate of her child anyway. She learns that, despite Cruella having led her to believe that her child had perished during the journey to the Land Without Magic, her child, a daughter, did indeed survive and was soon adopted. Following Ursula reconciling with her father Poseidon and Cruella being killed by Emma in defence of Henry's life (or so she believed), Maleficent chooses to turn her back on Rumplestiltskin, pre-empting his inevitable betrayal; with the help of Regina and Emma she is reunited with Lily and lays aside her plans to get revenge on Mary Margaret and David. Following Lily's first transformation into a dragon, Maleficent convinces Lily to stay in Storybrooke so she can learn what it means to be a dragon. Lily later tells Emma that Maleficent doesn't know who Lily's father is, since the mating took place while both partners were in dragon form.[8]
Descendants franchise[edit]
Kristin Chenoweth signed on to play Maleficent in Disney’s original Disney Channel movie Descendants, which follows the teenage children of Disney’s iconic heroes and villains.[9] 20 years prior the movie, all the Disney villains (including the ones who died after bring them back to life) that resided on the United States of Auradon were isolated in the Isle of the Lost (a place sealed with a magical barrier in order to prevent all the villains to escape or make magic) after King Beast and Queen Belle united the kingdoms following their honeymoon. 20 years later, the son of Queen Belle and King Beast named Ben makes a proclamation to give a chance to the kids of the Isle of the Lost to join society again, starting with four kids, including Maleficient own daughter Mal (portrayed by Dove Cameron).
Descendants: Isle of the Lost[edit]
In the prequel novel Isle of the Lost, it is stated that Maleficent became the official ruler of the Isle of the Lost. Since the Evil Queen also wanted to rule the Isle, they became rivals. In some point before the events of the book, Maleficent had a "moment of weakness" with an unknown human male (who is never mentioned anymore after that incident) and became pregnant with a girl. Maleficent named her baby girl her own name, but nicknamed her "Mal" since she didn't believe her daughter can be truly evil. She is half human. Six years later, after finding out that the Evil Queen didn't invite Mal to her daughter Evie's birthday party, she banished both females from the main city and for eternity; however, after ten years, Evie and her mother returned to the lone isle, but Maleficent wasn't aware of that at first, as she doesn't really care. When Carlos, the son of Cruella de Vil, breaks the magical barrier for a second, Maleficent's pet Diablo is freed of his stone curse and senses that The Eye of the Dragon (Maleficent's staff) awakes too. He travels to the city in the Isle of the Lost and finds Maleficent, who orders her daughter Mal to recover the Eye of the Dragon (which is located in Maleficent's Castle). Mal departs to find the Eye with Carlos, Evie and Jay (the son of Jafar), but since Maleficent doesn't trust Mal, she secretly orders Diablo to follow Mal and retrieve the Eye. Although her suspicious became true when Diablo comes back with the Eye and Mal with empty hands, she was shocked when she realized Mal was able to find the Eye of the Dragon in her old throne hall, but quickly becomes disappointed when Mal admits that she touched the Eye instead of tricking someone else to touch it first, since Maleficent cursed the Eye to make anyone else fall in a 1000 years sleep (which was Mal's original plan; Mal wanted revenge on Evie, so she was supposed to force Evie to touch the Eye's crystal.)
Descendants[edit]
In the 2015 film Descendants, when Maleficent finds out about Prince Ben's proclamation to take her daughter along with Evie, Carlos and Jay to Auradon and to join society again, Maleficent "joins" forces with the Evil Queen, Jafar and Cruella De Vil and orders Mal and her friends to steal the Fairy Godmother's wand in order to use it to bend good and evil at her will. Much to her disbelief, Mal doesn't want to go with the plan. Maleficent forces Mal into a magical "staring contest" in order to establish her power over Mal's, who loses and finally accepts to go on with the plan with the other three. Maleficent gives Mal her own magical spell book in order to make the task easier and warns Mal not to blow it.
When Mal and her friends show up in a museum to steal the magic wand, they find wax figures of their parents. Mal asks her mother to tell what to do and the Maleficent statue comes to life and encourages Mal to keep her evil ways, promising that they will rule together as mother and daughter and eventually she will take her place.
A few weeks later she and the other three villains get a videochat call with the kids; Maleficent makes jokes about the Fairy Godmother about the magic she performed in Cinderella (which the Fairy Godmother doesn't take the jokes very well) and asks Mal (hiding her real intentions as motherly love) when she will have the wand; she gets a little annoyed when Mal informs her mother that they need to wait until Ben's coronation, but when Cruella interrupts her to scream to her son she can longer interrogate Mal about the plan.
Days later, at Prince Ben's coronation, she is shocked when she sees Mal looking like a princess and by Ben's side, but prays to her daughter to "don't blow it". In the coronation, the Fairy Godmother's daughter Jane steals her mother's wand in order to give herself a magical makeover like Cinderella's, but by mistake destroys the magical barrier of the Isle of the Lost. After recovering her old magic, Maleficient shows up in the coronation and orders Mal (who took the magic wand out of Jane) to give her the wand, unknowing that her daughter and her friends vow to be good moments earlier. Mal gives the magic wand to the Fairy Godmother, but Maleficent casts a frozen spell on everybody (except herself, her daughter and her friends) and take the wand out of the Fairy Godmother. Mal and her mother have an argument about Mal's choices and, even for Maleficent's astonishment, successfully casts a spell to take the wand out of Maleficent's hand. Maleficent becomes furious and demands Mal to give the wand back to her. But Carlos says "Maybe good really is more powerful than evil." Maleficent laughs at this and a dog comes up to her. She shoves it off and Jay comes and touches her staff, causing it to glow green. She thumps him on the forehead, laughs again, and transforms herself into a dragon. After Evie blinds her with light from her magic mirror, she and Mal have another staring contest, but Mal casts a spell three times (#The strength of evil is good as none, when stands before four hearts as one!") and fights back. Maleficent can't stand all the goodness and love and transforms into a little lizard, which is the same size as the love in her heart. Later propaganda states that Maleficent was put in a "tiny cell", but Auradon's residents don't know where she's been kept.[10]
Descendants: Return to the Isle of the Lost[edit]
In the sequel novel Return to the Isle of the Lost, Maleficent remains a tiny lizard in a tiny cell, being safe-guarded constantly. Maleficent only sleeps in the cage, ignoring even Mal. When the citizens of Camelot Hights report spotting a dragon, they suspect it to be Maleficent's doing. Later, it's revealed that it was Madam Mim causing all the disturbances.
Disney Infinity[edit]
Maleficent is a playable character in the Disney Infinity video games series, voiced again by Susanne Blakeslee and sporting her modified appearance from the live-action Angelina Jolie film.[11] As with the other playable characters in the game, a tie-in figure for Maleficent was also released.
Reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2014)
The original version of Maleficent has been called as "one of the most sinister Disney Villains".[12] Guillermo del Toro has stated that along with Vermithrax in Dragonslayer, Maleficent is his favorite cinematic, Disney dragon.[13] Voice actress Eleanor Audley and supervising animator Marc Davis were also praised for their work on the character.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How Well Do You Know... Sleeping Beauty?". Disney Insider. Disney. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dictionary.com". 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Elizabeth Bell. Somatexts at the Disney Shop. From mouse to mermaid: the politics of film, gender, and culture.
^ Jump up to: a b "Maleficent Character History". Disney Archives.
Jump up ^ "Lady Tremaine and Stepsisters Character History". Disney Archives.
Jump up ^ "Report: Disneyland's October 26th Diva Villain's Event, Intro and Merch - LaughingPlace.com: Disney World, Disneyland and More". laughingplace.com.
Jump up ^ "Once Upon a Time;: Meet Maleficent's child, Lily -- all grown up". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
Jump up ^ episode mother
Jump up ^ Kristin Chenoweth to play Maleficent in Disney's original movie 'Descendants' Entertainment Weekly, Retrieved May 5, 2014
Jump up ^ "Disney Descendants — “Authorities have apprehended the lizard...". Tumblr.com. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Merida and Maleficent Are Coming to Disney Infinity". Disney Blogs.
Jump up ^ "Sleeping Beauty (1959)" Archived 2012-06-26 at the Wayback Machine.. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "An Unexpected Party Chat transcript now available! from Weta Holics" (PDF). WetaNZ.com. Archived from the original on December 31, 2008. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maleficent.
Disney Archives - Maleficent
Maleficent on IMDb
Maleficent at The Big Cartoon DataBase
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