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Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced
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Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced (JEE-Advanced), formerly the Indian Institutes of Technology-Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE) is an annual engineering college entrance examination in India. It is conducted by one of the seven zonal IITs (IIT Roorkee, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, and IIT Guwhati ) under guidance of the Joint Admission Board(JAB). It is used as the sole admission test by the 23 Indian Institute of Technology (IITs). Other universities like the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs) and the premier Indian Institute of Science (IISc) also use the score obtained in JEE Advanced as the basis for admission. Any student who takes admission to IITs cannot appear for the JEE-Advanced exam in the next year, but the same is not the case with IISc, IISER, RGIPT and other institutes as these institutes only use JEE Advanced score for admission. The examination is organised each year by one of the various IITs, on a round robin rotation pattern. It has a very low admission rate (about 9,369 in 479,651 in 2012;which is around 1.95%)[1] The current admission rate in 2017 is around 0.92% in IITs (about 11,000 out of 1,200,000 who applied for JEE Main)[1] .It is recognised as one of the toughest examinations in the world and is one of the most difficult examinations of India to qualify.
In 2013 the exam, originally called the IIT-JEE, was renamed as JEE (Advanced), along with the AIEEE being renamed JEE(Main).[2] From 2017, IITs started conducting JEE internationally to give admission to international students.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Eligibility
3 Organizing Institute
4 Seats
5 Reservation
6 Admission
7 Criticism
8 Changes made in JEE (Advanced) 2018
9 Coaching
10 See also
11 References
History[edit]
The first IIT, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, started in 1951. In the initial few years (1951-1954) students were admitted on the basis of their academic results followed by an Interview in several Centers across the country. From 1955-1959 admission was via an all India examination held only for IIT Kharagpur (other IITs had not started by then). Branches were allotted through Interviews/counseling held at Kharagpur.[citation needed]
The common IIT-JEE was conducted for the first time in 1960,[4][5] when it had four subjects including an English language paper. The examination since evolved considerably from its initial pattern. The IIT-JEE was initially called the Common Entrance Exam (CEE); its creation coincided with that of the 1961 IIT Act.[6]
From 1978, The English paper was stopped being taken into account for counting the rank. From 1998, the English exam was completely stopped.
In 1990, the screening paper was introduced. All the students had to qualify the screening paper to be eligible to qualify.
In 1995, the screening paper was removed.
In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some centers.
Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to sit for the paper, out of more than 450,000 applicants.
From 2002, an additional exam called the AIEEE was introduced. All students had to qualify this exam to be eligible to sit for JEE(Advanced) (Then IIT-JEE). On 2012 The AIEEE was changed to JEE(Main) and IIT-JEE to JEE(Advanced) [obviously incorrect; AIEEE was never used as screening test for JEE; This became screening test for JEE (advanced) only on restructuring / renaming as JEE (main)].
From June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to reduce the coaching mania and to improve the gender and socio-economic diversity.[7][8][9] Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), or a two-tier examination whereby ranks from the first tier can be used for the purposes of gaining admission to the NITs and other engineering colleges in the country.
In September 2005, an analysis group of directors of all the IITs announced major reforms to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onwards. .[10] The revised test consisted of a single objective test, replacing the earlier two-test system. In order to be eligible for the main examination, candidates in the general category had to secure a minimum of 60% aggregated marks in the qualifying examination of the XIIth standard organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and Physically Disabled (PD) categories must secure a minimum of 55%.
From 2006, the screening exam was abolished with the introduction of 8 new IITs. The exam became fully objective [obviously incorrect statement; new IITs started in 2008, screening exam was removed and single stage multiple-choice exam started in 2006].
In 2008, the Director and the Dean of IIT Madras called for revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IITs.[11]
In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology, for the first time, went overseas with their entrance examination as they set up a centre for the competitive test in Dubai.[12] The number of candidates appearing in Dubai hovered around 200 to 220.[13]
The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for the IITs having to pass the nationwide common entrance test (JEE-Main) with high marks and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs.[14]
From 2018, JEE(Advanced) started being conducted online.
Eligibility[edit]
Candidates satisfying all the following criteria are eligible to appear in JEE(Advanced).
Should be among the top 12,00,000 candidates in JEE(Main).
Should be less than 25 years of age. For SC, ST, PwD candidates the age limit is 30 years.
Should not have appeared in the JEE(Advanced) exam 2 years before or earlier.
Should have appeared for the Class XII Board Examination for the first time in the last year of the exam or that year only.
Should not have accepted admission in any of the IITs earlier.
Should have passed Class 12 Board Exams with minimum 75% marks.
Organizing Institute[edit]
This list shows the organizing institute of JEE(Advanced) in the recent years.
Year
Organizing Institute
2006 IIT Kharagpur
2007 IIT Bombay
2008 IIT Roorkee
2009 IIT Guwahati
2010 IIT Madras
2011 IIT Kanpur
2012 IIT Delhi
2013 IIT Delhi
2014 IIT Kharagpur
2015 IIT Bombay
2016 IIT Guwahati
2017 IIT Madras
2018 IIT Kanpur
2019 IIT Delhi
2020 IIT Kharagpur
Seats[edit]
The number of students taking the examination increased substantially each year with over 4,85,000 sitting IIT-JEE 2011. This represented an increase of 30,000 students (6.5%) from 2010.[15] The number of eligible candidates to sit in the JEE Advanced Exam 2018 is increased from 2.20 lakhs to 2.24 lakhs recently.[16]
The availability of seats in recent years is as shown below:
Institute
Intake (2006)
Intake (2007)
Intake (2008)
Intake (2009)
Intake (2010)
Intake (2011)
Intake (2012)
Intake
(2013)
Intake
(2014)
Intake (2015)[17]
Intake (2016)
Intake (2017)[18][19]
IIT Bhilai --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 120 120
IIT Bhubaneshwar --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 160 180 180 260 350
IIT Bombay 600 574 648 746 880 880 880 880 880 903 903 929
IIT Delhi 552 553 626 721 851 851 851 851 851 851 851 851
IIT (ISM) Dhanbad 444 658 705 923 1012 1034 1034 1023 962 935 912 912
IIT Dharwad --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 120 120
IIT Gandhinagar --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 140 150 150 180 180
IIT Goa --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 90 90
IIT Guwahati 350 365 435 498 588 615 615 660 660 660 615 645
IIT Hyderabad --- --- 120 120 120 140 140 210 220 220 240 285
IIT Indore --- --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 260 260
IIT Jammu --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 90 120
IIT Jodhpur --- --- 120 120 120 160 160 200 160 120 160 180
IIT Kanpur 456 541 608 702 827 827 827 827 827 853 827 827
IIT Kharagpur 659 874 988 1138 1341 1341 1370 1341 1341 1341 1341 1341
IIT Madras 554 540 612 713 838 838 838 838 838 838 838 838
IIT Mandi --- --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 120 145 150 150
IIT Palakkad --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 120 120 120
IIT Patna --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 200 200 200 200 225
IIT Roorkee 546 746 884 1013 1155 1155 1155 1105 1065 1030 970 975
IIT Ropar --- --- 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 130 155 260
IIT Tirupati --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 120 120 120
IIT (BHU) Varanasi 568 686 766 881 1057 1057 1057 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090
Total
4583 5537 6992 8295 9509 9618 9647 9885 9784 10006 10572 10988
From 2008, six new IITs (IIT Bhubaneshwar, IIT Gandhinagar, IIT Hyderabad, IIT Jodhpur, IIT Patna and IIT Ropar) were opened with 120 seats each, increasing the total number of seats to almost 7000. For 2009, admissions were made to two more IITs, namely IIT Indore and IIT Mandi (Himachal Pradesh) taking the seat count to almost 8300. In 2011, with additional courses in several old and new IITs, the total seat count crossed 9600. IIT Tirupati and IIT Palakkad started functioning in 2015 and four more (IIT Bhilai, IIT Dharwad, IIT Goa, IIT Jammu) started in 2016; along with seat additions in other Institutions, making the 2017 seat count to almost 11000.
Reservation[edit]
Reservation are provided to Indian Nationals belonging to certain categories (SC, ST, PwD, etc.) and to the girls in accordance with the rules of Government of India and such candidates are declared qualified in JEE(Advanced) 2018 based on relaxed norms.
Admission[edit]
Candidates qualifying in the JEE(Advanced) are eligible to admission in the 23 IITs if they satisfy any one of the following criteria.
They should score a minimum of 75% in the class XII board examination.
Must be in the top 20 percentile marks of the board exam.[20]
Criticism[edit]
In 2012, Super 30 founder and mathematician Anand Kumar criticised the New Admission Norms, saying that the decision of the IIT Council to give chance to students having top 20% from various boards in the class 12 examinations, was a decision in haste. "This is one decision that will go against the poor, who don't have the opportunity to study in elite schools," he added.[21]
IIT-JEE was conducted only in English and Hindi, which was criticised as making it harder for students where regional languages, like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Urdu, Oriya, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese or Gujarati, are more prominent. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, demanding the exams be conducted in Gujarati.[22] A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.[23] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages is in violation of article 14 of the Constitution of India. PMK, a political party in Tamil Nadu held a demonstration at Chennai for conducting IIT-JEE and other national entrance exams in regional languages also, particularly Tamil in Tamil Nadu.[24] Pattali Makkal Katchi party has filed Public Interest Litigation in Madras High Court for conducting IIT JEE entrance exam in Tamil also. They submitted that every year 7.63 lakh students were completing 12th standard in Tamil Nadu, 75% of them from Tamil Medium. They had to take the entrance exam in English or Hindi, neither of which was their medium of instruction nor their mother tongue, and so were denied their fundamental right to take up the entrance exam in their medium of instruction, based on their mother tongue.[25][26]Shiv Sena urged MHRD to conduct IITJEE and other national undergraduate entrance exams in regional languages, particularly Marathi language in Maharashtra.[27] Most of the JEE controversies sparked the nation as the exam is very well known. In 2017, the supreme court ordered JAB to put a bar on the ongoing counseling process. There were three questions comprising a total of 11 marks that were unclear.
Changes made in JEE (Advanced) 2018[edit]
There were several changes made in the exam from 2018. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) decided to conduct the entire exam online from 2018 since it reduces chances of paper leak and makes logistics and evaluation easier. It said that the online exam will neutralise the problem of misprinting. The number of students appearing for the JEE (Advanced) has been increased by 4000, which was earlier 2,20,000.[28]
Coaching[edit]
Preparing for the Joint Entrance Exam normally begins two years before students take the test. 90% of students who pass this exam attend coaching institutes, which has created a $3.37 billion industry with annual tuitions of up to $1,700.[29] These academies include tests multiple times a week, up to 200 students per class, and long hours, in addition to regular high school work. There are hundreds of academies across the country and the most famous—in Kota, Rajasthan—attracts approximately 125,000 students each year.[30] Coaching programs have become major corporations and are now not only listed on the Indian stock market, but also attract millions of dollars of investment from private equity firms.[31] The high-pressure environments, with much competition and high expectations, have been blamed for the significant number of suicides that occur in these academies.[32][33]
See also[edit]
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
Indian Science Engineering Eligibility Test
Joint Management Entrance Test
Joint Entrance Examination – Main
References[edit]
Jump up ^ . The Hindu. June 14, 2017 http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/bonus-marks-improved-success-rate-in-jee-advanced-say-experts-in-mumbai/story-uzx8aAmyyeXxIJ2uNSgL6J.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Combined JEE from next year". The Calcutta Telegraph. 29 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "IITs to hold entrance exam abroad for foreign students". The Hindu. February 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Brief History of IIT-JEE" (PDF). Durgesh C. Mangeshkar, Academic Head, IITian's Prashikshan Kendra. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "News18.com: CNN News18 Latest News, Breaking News India, Current News Headlines". News18.
Jump up ^ Ashish K. Mishra and Shishir Prasad (22 February 2012). "IIT-JEE Will Be Missed".
Jump up ^ S.S. Vasan. Reforming the Joint Entrance Examination system.
Jump up ^ Editorial. Reforming JEE needs wider reach.
Jump up ^ National admission test called for.
Jump up ^ Indrani Dutta. New IIT-JEE format from 2006.
Jump up ^ D Suresh Kumar. JEE fails to get the best: IIT dons. The Times of India. 31 Jul 2008.
Jump up ^ "5 lakh aspirants to sit for IIT-JEE in 2012 - Times of India".
Jump up ^ "IITs hike number of examination centres for JEE - Times of India".
Jump up ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/education/govt-plans-single-entrance-exam-for-all-engineering-colleges-from-2018/story-0TaCjvwwd4eav8uxpqI9sO.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Hyderabad boy tops IIT-JEE". sify.com. 25 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Abhinandan (2017-10-10). "JEE Advanced 2018: Application Form, Online Exam Dates, Syllabus". Engineering Exams: EntranceZone. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ http://blog.resonance.ac.in/2015/06/18/jee-advanced-2015-results/
Jump up ^ "JEE 2011 Counseling Brochure" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "JEE 2012 Counseling Brochure". Retrieved 12 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Board marks criteria". zee news. zee news. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "New format of IIT-JEE examination would go against the poor: Anand Kumar". The Times Of India. 27 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sahitya Parishad demands entrance tests in Gujarati - Times Of India". indiatimes.com. 2011-09-21. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Another PIL seeks entrance tests in Gujarati - Times Of India". indiatimes.com. 2011-10-21. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Conduct IIT entrance test in Tamil also: PMK". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Court notice on plea for entrance exams in Tamil". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 21 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "Plea to write IIT entrance in Tamil | Deccan Chronicle". deccanchronicle.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Khapre, Shubhangi (March 5, 2011). "Shiv Sena demands IIT entrance test in regional languages". Mumbai: Daily News Analysis. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/education/jee-advanced-exam-will-now-be-conducted-completely-online/story-pRv6YITTJKN7pwlw6zJeuJ.html
Jump up ^ "The IIT Entrance Exam".
Jump up ^ "Making capital of coaching".
Jump up ^ "Despite high suicide rate, IIT-JEE aspirants make a beeline for a seat in Kotas coaching institutes".
Jump up ^ "Why 57 Young Students Have Taken Their Lives In Kota". Huffington Post India.
Jump up ^ Sudhanshu Mishra (23 April 2013). "Revealed: Inside Kota's Rs 300 crore coaching industry, where 1.5 lakh students brave cut-throat competition to crack IIT-JEE". Daily Mail.
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Directed by
Pete Michels
Written by
Donick Cary
Tim Long
Ron Hauge
Showrunner(s)
Mike Scully
Production code
BABF01
Original air date
October 31, 1999
Couch gag
Each member of the family dresses up as something from a previous "Treehouse of Horror" special, save for Lisa, who is an axe victim.
Commentary
Mike Scully
George Meyer
Ian Maxtone-Graham
Ron Hauge
Donick Cary
Tim Long
Matt Selman
Pete Michels
Guest appearance(s)
Tom Arnold as himself
Dick Clark as himself
Pauly Shore as himself
Rosie O'Donnell as herself
Lucy Lawless as herself
Frank Welker as Ned Flanders
Season 11 episodes[show]
September 26, 1999 – May 21, 2000
"Beyond Blunderdome"
"Brother's Little Helper"
"Guess Who's Coming to Criticize Dinner?"
"Treehouse of Horror X"
"E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)"
"Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder"
"Eight Misbehavin'"
"Take My Wife, Sleaze"
"Grift of the Magi"
"Little Big Mom"
"Faith Off"
"The Mansion Family"
"Saddlesore Galactica"
"Alone Again, Natura-Diddily"
"Missionary: Impossible"
"Pygmoelian"
"Bart to the Future"
"Days of Wine and D'oh'ses"
"Kill the Alligator and Run"
"Last Tap Dance in Springfield"
"It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Marge"
"Behind the Laughter"
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
"Treehouse of Horror X" is the fourth episode of The Simpsons' eleventh season, and the tenth annual Treehouse of Horror episode, consisting of three self-contained segments. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on Halloween 1999. In "I Know What You Diddily-Iddily-Did", the Simpsons cover up a murder and are haunted by an unseen witness. In "Desperately Xeeking Xena", Bart and Lisa gain superpowers and must rescue Xena star Lucy Lawless from the Comic Book Guy's alter ego The Collector, and in "Life's a Glitch, Then You Die", Homer causes worldwide destruction thanks to the Y2K bug.
"Treehouse of Horror X" was directed by Pete Michels and written by Ron Hauge, Donick Cary and Tim Long. The episode contains numerous parodies and references to horror and science fiction works, including Doctor Who, I Know What You Did Last Summer and Battlestar Galactica. It also features actress Lucy Lawless and Rosie O'Donnell and actors Tom Arnold, Pauly Shore, and Dick Clark as themselves. In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 8.7 million viewers, finishing in 34th place in the ratings the week it aired. Since its airing, the episode received positive reviews from critics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 I Know What You Diddily-Iddily-Did
1.2 Desperately Xeeking Xena
1.3 Life's a Glitch, Then You Die
2 Production
3 Cultural references
4 Release and reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In the opening scene, the two aliens Kang and Kodos introduce a variety show, with a live audience consisting of aliens. While they tell jokes, canned laughter is played, but the audience appears unamused. The Simpson family sits on the couch, with Homer appearing as the jack-in-the-box from "Treehouse of Horror II", Marge as the witch from "Treehouse of Horror VIII", Bart as the half-fly mutant from "Treehouse of Horror VIII". Maggie is the alien/human mutant from "Treehouse of Horror IX" and Lisa is the victim of an axe murder. Lisa then asks what aliens have to do with Halloween, and Maggie, in Kang's voice, says, "Silence!", and disintegrates her with a ray gun.
I Know What You Diddily-Iddily-Did[edit]
In a parody of I Know What You Did Last Summer, on a foggy evening with a full moon, the Simpsons are driving down a coastal road when Marge accidentally smashes into Ned Flanders, killing him. Homer manipulates the body in several escapades, which convinces Maude that Ned died of a heart attack and that he does not want an autopsy. Shortly after Ned's funeral, the family finds the phrase "I Know What You Did!" written in blood everywhere they go. They are terrorized by a cloaked figure, which drives them out of their house. Again, in the wild, they find Ned. It turns out he lived because he was bitten by a werewolf moments before the accident. Clouds uncover the full moon, Ned eventually turns into a werewolf and Marge, Bart, Maggie and Lisa run away. Ned mauls Homer to death while Homer mocks him.
Desperately Xeeking Xena[edit]
An X-ray machine scanning Halloween candy malfunctions and gives Bart the ability to stretch his body like rubber and Lisa super strength. They become a superhero duo, calling themselves "Stretch Dude and Clobber Girl". Later, Lucy Lawless (dressed as Xena) addresses fans at a science fiction convention. Comic Book Guy, who has styled himself as a villain called "The Collector", kidnaps her using a magnet to attract her metal breast plate. Lawless tries to remove the breastplate but stops after she notices that her horny nerd fans have cameras ready. The Collector takes her to his lair, where he puts her in an aluminized PET film bag for "safekeeping" and imprisons her in a room of other similarly-captured celebrities. Stretch Dude and Clobber Girl then enter the fray in an attempt to free Xena, but they are soon captured as well. The Collector suspends the duo over a vat of "Lucite". After feigning interest in the villain, Lawless starts clobbering him. The Collector grabs his limited edition double edged lightsaber from Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (which was released a few months before the episode) and ignites the blades, but when Lawless reminds him that he has removed it from its original packaging, he panics and ends up falling into the Lucite. Lawless then flies the children home (Lisa points out that Xena cannot fly, but Lawless reminds her she's not Xena, she's Lucy Lawless).
Life's a Glitch, Then You Die[edit]
On December 31, 1999, Dick Clark is celebrating New Year's Rockin' Eve in Springfield. Homer, the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant's Y2K compliance officer, declares that he fixed all the possible Y2K problems at the plant, including the computers. Unfortunately, Homer forgot to fix his own computer, and in the process sends a virus across the world. Chaos ensues, and widespread looting begins. Krusty's malfunctioning pacemaker apparently kills him in front of the family. Bart tearfully mourns his hero, but he perks up, after finding a note. The letter in Krusty's pocket states that a rocket (codenamed Exodus) is being populated with humanity's "best and brightest", and will be launched in order to preserve human civilization on Mars. When they reach the shuttle, Homer fails to bluff his way on board by claiming to be the famous pianist from the film Shine but the armed guard recognizes Lisa as the ship's designated proofreader. Lisa is only able to take one parent with her, and quickly chooses Marge. Homer and Bart find a second, unguarded rocket and board just before it launches. They quickly notice that the spaceliner is filled with such notoriously obnoxious and mediocre celebrities as radio psychologist Dr. Laura, film director Spike Lee, skating champion Tonya Harding, former vice president Dan Quayle, grunge rock singer Courtney Love, politician Ross Perot, civil rights activist Al Sharpton, actor Tom Arnold, MTV VJ Pauly Shore, and actress/talk show host Rosie O'Donnell. Unlike Exodus, this rocket is headed directly for the sun. Homer and Bart decide they cannot bear being in the passengers' presence for so long, and choose to eject themselves from the spacecraft and die of explosive decompression instead, to their relief.
Production[edit]
"Treehouse of Horror X" was directed by Pete Michels and written by Donick Cary, Tim Long and Ron Hauge. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on Halloween, 1999.[1] "I Know What You Diddily-Iddily-Did" was conceived and written by former staff writer Cary. In the DVD commentary for the episode, Cary said that he came up with the segment after watching the 1997 horror film I Know What You Did Last Summer. "I had just seen the movie and I was like, 'Hey, there you go.'" he said.[2] While Flanders serves as the segment's antagonist, the role would originally go to Grampa,[3] who would chase Homer inside a roller disco. While Grampa does not appear in the segment, the Springfield Roller Disco is seen during the Simpsons escape from Flanders.[2] Despite serving as writer for the segment, Cary left the series after finishing the first draft in order to work on the animated Austin Powers series, which never came to fruition. In his absence, the writing staff rewrote the last quarter of the segment and added the revelation that Flanders is a werewolf.[2] In order to dispose of Ned Flanders' corpse, Homer throws his body into Flanders' house. After he is finished, he says "That's the end of that chapter", a phrase that Cary often uses in his everyday life. "That's just something that comes up a lot in my life is when no matter if it's a good or a bad thing, just move on" he said.[2]
Guest actors in "Treehouse of Horror X"
Lucy Lawless
Dick Clark
Tom Arnold
"Desperately Xeeking Xena" was written by staff writer Long. At the beginning of the segment, Milhouse is seen wearing a plastic smock with a picture of Radioactive Man on it. The scene was based on an experience in Long's childhood; "I asked my mom for a Batman costume. And I got a smock that had Batman on it and said 'Batman'. It was very dispiriting" he said in the episode's DVD commentary.[4] "Stretch Dude & Clobber Girl"'s theme song was written by Long and composed by Alf Clausen. During the sequence, Stretch Dude and Clobber Girl are seen assaulting Saddam Hussein, the fifth President of Iraq and being thanked for their help by President Bill Clinton afterwards. According to Long, the writing staff had a "passionate" discussion about whether the duo would be attacking Hussein or Iranian religious leader and politician Ruhollah Khomeini during the sequence.[4] Scully quipped that Hussein was chosen because "he was always asking to be on the show."[1] The segment features New Zealand actress Lucy Lawless as herself. According to Long, Lawless was very happy with the segment's script. She was especially fond of the speech she gives to The Collector, in which she mentions that she was very tall as an adolescent.[4] Lawless was directed by Scully, who commented that she was "terrific".[1] In an interview with the Hungarian online newspaper Origo, Lawless said that her part in the episode was the best experience she had guest-starring for a show. "It was really funny when the Comic Book Guy kidnapped me", she said.[5]
"Life's a Glitch, Then You Die" was written and conceived by Hauge. In DVD commentary for the episode, Hauge stated that, when writing the segment, he knew it would not age well. "I was aware of it at the time, that it wouldn't last forever" he said, "But I wanted to capture that moment."[6] According to director Michels, the rocket which transported the "best and brightest" of the population was drawn to resemble a popsicle.[3] The Simpsons' staff had a lot of trouble finding a guest star for the second rocket, and the only person who agreed to participate was American actor Tom Arnold. In the episode, Arnold is depicted as an annoying, "not-so-great" celebrity. Although he was mostly in on the joke, Arnold did "bust [the staff's] chops" a little bit when recording his lines. "He would say a line and then they'd yell cut and he'd look over at me and take a shot at me" Hauge said.[6] Still, Hauge found Arnold's performance "fantastic"[6] and Scully said that he was a "good sport".[1] The segment also features television personality Dick Clark as himself. A few months after the episode aired, Hauge discussed the segment with Clark in a Fox studio. According to Hauge, Clark said that the episode gave the "biggest response" he had ever gotten from anything he had ever done. "After the career that he had in television for so long, just to give him a highlight was a highlight for me" Hauge said in the episode's DVD commentary.[6]
Cultural references[edit]
The opening segment, which shows Kang and Kodos attempting to entertain an audience of aliens, was "born out of [The Simpsons' staff's] love" of comedy teams like Martin and Lewis and the Smothers Brothers.[1] The plot of "I Know What You Diddily-Iddily-Did" is based on the 1997 horror film I Know What You Did Last Summer.[2] At the beginning of the segment, the Simpsons are seen escaping from a group of vampires. Holding a package of Super Sugar Crisp cereal, Homer starts singing a jingle about the cereal. Super Sugar Crisp is a reference to the breakfast cereal Golden Crisp, while the jingle Homer sings references "Can't get enough of that Golden Crisp", a jingle sung by Golden Crisp's mascot Sugar Bear during advertisements for the cereal. According to Scully, the series' staff had a lot of trouble clearing the song for the episode. "Apparently, they didn't want the tune [...] used in this context" he said in the episode's DVD commentary.[1]
Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons, is seen kidnapped by The Collector
Although there is a fictional Marvel Comics character called Collector, Long did not base The Collector on him. While carrying Lawless with an electromagnet, The Collector says "Care for a Rolo, sweet Xena?" The reference was included because the writing staff were given free Rolos at the time.[4] In The Collector's lair, several celebrities are seen stored in aluminized PET film bags. Some of these include The Simpsons' creator Matt Groening and Tom Baker, who portrayed the fourth incarnation of the doctor in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. "There are several Doctor Who actors but Tom Baker is the one we always go with" Hauge explained in the episode's DVD commentary.[6] Other captives include actress Yasmine Bleeth, Gilligan from the series Gilligan's Island and Spock and Seven of Nine from Star Trek.[7] The segment also features the series' first reference to Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, when The Collector uses a mint-condition of Darth Maul's double-bladed lightsaber.[8] Because the episode was written before the film's release, the writers did not know "how bad it was gonna be", in their view, and therefore did not include any "obligatory shot" at the film.[4] As he dies, The Collector poses as Lorne Greene's character Commander Adama in the science fiction series Battlestar Galactica.[4]
Hauge based "Life's a Glitch, Then You Die" on the hysteria involving Y2K, a digital problem that occurred the night into January 1, 2000.[6] Humans escaping an unsavable Earth in rockets is a reference to the 1951 film When Worlds Collide.[7] In a scene in the segment, several celebrities, including actor Mel Gibson and former Major League Baseball player Mark McGwire, can be seen waiting in line for the first rocket.[3] They both guest starred as themselves in two earlier episodes from the season.[9][10] Others in the line include businessman Bill Gates, director Ron Howard, former President Jimmy Carter, scientist Stephen Hawking, rock musician Paul McCartney, basketball player Michael Jordan and ice skater Michelle Kwan. Those on the doomed ship include actors Pauly Shore and Tom Arnold, politicians Ross Perot and Dan Quayle, singer Courtney Love, TV presenters Rosie O'Donnell and Laura Schlessinger, film director Spike Lee, reverend Al Sharpton and figure skater Tonya Harding.[7][11]
Release and reception[edit]
In its original American broadcast on October 31, 1999, "Treehouse of Horror X" received an 8.6 rating, according to Nielsen Media Research, translating to approximately 8.7 million viewers. The episode finished in 34th place in the ratings for the week of October 25-31, 1999.[12] Following the episode was a rerun of "Treehouse of Horror IX", which was originally broadcast the previous year.[13] In 2000, "Treehouse of Horror X" was nominated for a CINE Golden Eagle Award, which it ultimately won.[1] It was also nominated for a Golden Reel Award in the category of "Best Sound Editing - Television Animation", which it lost to the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Mermaid Man & Barnacle Boy".[14] On October 7, 2008, "Treehouse of Horror X" was released as part of The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season DVD set. Mike Scully, George Meyer, Ian Maxtone-Graham, Ron Hauge, Donick Cary, Tim Long, Matt Selman and Pete Michels participated in the audio commentary of the episode.[1]
Following its broadcast, "Treehouse of Horror X" received positive reviews from critics. In his review of The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season, Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide wrote "Even in the series’ crummier seasons, the staff always seems to come up with a good Halloween episode", and that "Treehouse of Horror X" "continues that trend".[15] Of the three segments, Jacobson found "Life's a Glitch, Then You Die" to be the weakest. He wrote "[...] other than a good ending, it simply doesn’t have a lot going for it" and added that it is the most dated of the three.[15] He continued, "'Diddily' offers a fun horror spoof, and 'Xena' is a terrific superhero bit with plenty of cleverness."[15] DVD Talk's Ian Jane gave the episode a positive review as well. Considering it to be one of the season's best episodes, Jane wrote "This one, like so many that have come before and since, is a great blend of horror movie parody and Halloween themed fun in Springfield."[16] In 2007, Seb Patrick of Noise to Signal included "Desperately Xeeking Xena" in a list called "The Ten Best Treehouse of Horror Vignettes". Although he disliked Bart and Lisa's part in the segment, Patrick wrote that it "earns its stripes by being perhaps Comic Book Guy's finest hour".[17] He also praised the segment's references, as well as Lawless' line "A wizard did it", a phrase used to explain continuity errors.[17] In 2009, The Collector's marriage proposal to Lawless was included in "Line-O-Rama: Comic Book Guy", a compilation of what IGN considers to be The Comic Book Guy's best lines.[18]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Scully, Mike. (2008). Commentary for "Treehouse of Horror X", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cary, Donick. (2008). Commentary for "Treehouse of Horror X", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b c Michels, Pete. (2008). Commentary for "Treehouse of Horror X", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Long, Tim. (2008). Commentary for "Treehouse of Horror X", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
Jump up ^ Gábor, Apats (June 14, 2010). "Lucy Lawless: Annyi kardom van, hogy tele van velük a ház". Origo (in Hungarian). Retrieved July 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hauge, Ron. (2008). Commentary for "Treehouse of Horror X", in The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bates, James W.; Gimple, Scott M.; McCann, Jesse L.; Richmond, Ray; Seghers, Christine, eds. (2010). Simpsons World The Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1–20 (1st ed.). Harper Collins Publishers. pp. 528–529. ISBN 978-0-00-738815-8.
Jump up ^ Chernoff, Scott (2007-07-24). "I Bent My Wookiee! Celebrating the Star Wars/Simpsons Connection". Star Wars.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Beyond Blunderdome". The Simpsons.com. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Brother's Little Helper". The Simpsons.com. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.simpsonsarchive.com/episodes/BABF01.txt
Jump up ^ Associated Press (November 4, 1999). "Quick end to series wounds NBC's ratings". Sun-Sentinel. MediaNews Group. p. 4E. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Today on TV". The Deseret News. Jim M. Wall. October 31, 1999. p. S03. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Past Golden Reel Awards". Motion Picture Sound Editors. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jacobson, Colin (November 19, 2008). "The Simpsons: The Complete Eleventh Season (1999)". DVD Movie Guide. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jane, Ian (November 1, 2008). "The Simpsons - The Complete Eleventh Season". DVD Talk. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Patrick, Seb (October 31, 2007). "The Ten Best Treehouse of Horror Vignettes". Noise to Signal. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Schedeen, Jesse (July 29, 2009). "Line-O-Rama: Comic Book Guy". IGN. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: "Treehouse of Horror X"
The Simpsons portal
"Treehouse of Horror X" at The Simpsons.com
"Treehouse of Horror X episode capsule". The Simpsons Archive.
"Treehouse of Horror X" on IMDb
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Season 11
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"Brother's Little Helper"
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"E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)"
"Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder"
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"Kill the Alligator and Run"
"Last Tap Dance in Springfield"
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"Behind the Laughter"
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Nimbostratus cloud
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nimbostratus cloud
Nimbostratus with fractus
Abbreviation
Ns
Symbol
Genus
Nimbostratus (rain, layered)
Species
none
Variety
none
Altitude
below 3,000 m
(below 10,000 ft)
Appearance
Dark, widespread, formless layer
Precipitation cloud?
Yes, but may be virga
Nimbostratus is a stratiform genus formerly classified as "Family C” low-level, but now considered by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to be a middle- or multi-level stratus type.[1][2]. Although it is usually a low-based cloud, it actually forms most commonly in the middle level of the troposphere and then spreads vertically into the low and high levels. This change in classification would once have made it a "Family D" cloud, but this style of letter-based family nomenclature was discontinued by the WMO in 1956. Nimbostratus usually produces precipitation over a wide area. Nimbo- is from the Latin word nimbus, which denotes precipitation. Downward-growing nimbostratus can have the same vertical extent as most large upward-growing cumulus, but its horizontal extent tends to be even greater. This sometimes leads to the exclusion of nimbostratus from the group of vertical clouds by some independent meteorologists and educators. Classifications that follow this approach usually show nimbostratus as low-level[3][4] [5] based on its normal base height range.
Contents
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1 Appearance
2 Formation
3 Forecast
4 Origin of name
5 Subtypes and derivative types
6 Relation to other clouds
7 References
8 External links
Appearance[edit]
Nimbostratus has a diffuse cloud base generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the middle level of the troposphere. Although usually dark at its base, it often appears illuminated from within to a surface observer.[6] Nimbostratus usually has a thickness of about 2000 to 4000 m. Though found worldwide, nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes.[7] It is coded CM2 on the SYNOP report.
Formation[edit]
Nimbostratus occurs along a warm front or occluded front where the slowly rising warm air mass creates nimbostratus along with shallower stratus clouds producing less rain, these clouds being preceded by higher-level clouds such as cirrostratus and altostratus.[8][9] Often, when an altostratus cloud thickens and descends into lower altitudes, it will become nimbostratus.[10]
Nimbostratus, unlike cumulonimbus, is not associated with thunderstorms, however at an unusually unstable warm front caused as a result of the advancing warm air being hot, humid and unstable, cumulonimbus clouds may be embedded within the usual nimbostratus. Lightning from an embedded cumulonimbus cloud may interact with the nimbostratus but only in the immediate area around it. In this situation with lightning and rain occurring it would be hard to tell which type of cloud was producing the rain from the ground, however cumulonimbus tend to produce larger droplets and more intense downpours. The occurrence of cumulonimbus and nimbostratus together is uncommon, and usually only nimbostratus is found at a warm front.
Forecast[edit]
Nimbostrati often have very few visual features.
Nimbostratus is generally a sign of an approaching warm or occluded front producing steady moderate precipitation, as opposed to the shorter period of typically heavier precipitation released by a cold-frontal cumulonimbus cloud.[7] Precipitation may last for several days, depending on the speed of the frontal system.[8] A nimbostratus virga cloud is the same as normal nimbostratus, but the rain or snow falls as virga which doesn't reach the ground. Stratus or stratocumulus usually replace the nimbostratus after the passage of the warm or occluded front.
Origin of name[edit]
Further information: Cloud § History of cloud science and nomenclature
Under Luke Howard's first systematized study of clouds, carried out in France in 1802, three general cloud forms were established based on appearance and characteristics of formation: cirriform, cumiliform and stratiform. These were further divided into upper and lower types depending on altitude. In addition to these three main types, Howard added two names to designate multiple cloud types joined together: cumulostratus, a blending of cumulus clouds and stratus layers, and nimbus, a complex blending of cirriform, cumuliform, and stratiform clouds with sufficient vertical development to produce significant precipitation.
Later, in the 20th Century, an IMC commission for the study of clouds put forward a refined and more restricted definition of the genus nimbus, effectively reclassifying it as a stratiform cloud type. It was then renamed nimbostratus, and published with the new name in the 1932 edition of the International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky. This left cumulonimbus as the only nimbiform type as indicated by its root-name.
Subtypes and derivative types[edit]
Species and varieties: Nimbostratus is very thick, opaque, and featureless, so this genus type is not subdivided into species or varieties.[11][12]
Precipitation-based supplementary features: Nimbostratus is a major precipitation cloud and produces the virga or praecipitatio features. The latter can achieve heavy intensity due to the cloud's vertical depth.
Accessory cloud: Nimbostratus pannus is an accessory cloud of nimbostratus that forms as a ragged layer in precipitation below the main cloud deck.[13]Pannus is coded CL7.
Genitus mother clouds: This genus type can form from cumulus and cumulonimbus.
Mutatus mother clouds: Nimbostratus can form due to the complete transformation of altocumulus, altostratus and stratocumulus.
Relation to other clouds[edit]
Multi-level nimbostratus is physically related to other stratiform genus-types by way of being non-convective in nature. However, the other sheet-like clouds usually each occupy only one or two levels at the same time. Stratus clouds are low-level and form from near ground level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) at all latitudes. In the middle level are the altostratus clouds that form from 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) to 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in polar areas, 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in temperate areas, and 7,600 metres (24,900 ft) in tropical areas. Although altostratus forms mostly in the middle level of the troposphere, strong frontal lift can push it into the lower part of the high-level. The main hight-level stratiform cloud is cirrostratus which is composed of ice crystals that often produce halo effects around the sun. Cirrostratus forms at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,600 metres (9,800 to 24,900 ft) in high latitudes, 5,000 to 12,000 metres (16,000 to 39,000 ft) in temperate latitudes, and 6,100 to 18,000 metres (20,000 to 59,100 ft) in low, tropical latitudes.[14] Of the non-stratiform clouds, cumulonimbus and cumulus congestus are the most closely related to nimbostratus because of their vertical extent and ability to produce moderate to heavy precipitation. The remaining cumuliform (cumulus) and stratocumuliform (stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus) clouds have the least in common with nimbostratus.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization, ed. (2017). "Definitions, International Cloud Atlas". Retrieved 30 March 2017.
Jump up ^ JetStream (5 January 2010). "Cloud Classifications". National Weather Service. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "cloud: Classification of Clouds". Infoplease.com.
Jump up ^ Hatheway, Becca (2009). "Cloud Types". Windows to the Universe, US National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA). Retrieved 15 September 2011.
Jump up ^ UXL, ed. (2002). "clouds. UXL Encyclopedia of Science". Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). Nimbostratus, International Cloud Atlas (PDF). I. pp. 37–39. ISBN 92-63-10407-7. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Pretor-Pinney, Gavin (2007). The Cloudspotter's Guide: The Science, History, and Culture of Clouds. Perigee. ISBN 0-399-53345-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Dunlop, Storm (2003). Weather Identification Handbook: The Ultimate Guide for Weather Watchers. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot. ISBN 1-58574-857-9.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Graham; Turk, Jonathan (1993). Earth Science and the Environment. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 0-03-075446-1.
Jump up ^ Lankford, Terry (2000). Aviation Weather Handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-136103-3.
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). Species, International Cloud Atlas (PDF). pp. 18–20. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). Varieties, International Cloud Atlas (PDF). pp. 20–22. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Jump up ^ World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). Features, International Cloud Atlas (PDF). I. pp. 22–24. ISBN 92-63-10407-7. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference nws-jetstream was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nimbostratus clouds.
National Science Digital Library - Nimbostratus
Nimbostratus and Other Low Clouds
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v
t
e
Cloud genera and selected species, supplementary features, and other airborne hydrometeors - WMO Latin terminology except where indicated
Extreme-level
Polar mesospheric cirriform type
Noctilucent
Very high-level
Polar stratospheric cirriform type
Nacreous
High-level
Tropospheric cirriform, stratiform, and stratocumuliform genera
Cirrus (Ci)
Cirrostratus (Cs)
Cirrocumulus (Cc)
General type (non-WMO terminology)
Aviaticus cloud (Contrail)
Medium-level
Tropospheric stratiform and stratocumuliform genera
Altostratus (As)
Altocumulus (Ac)
Stratocumuliform species
Altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas)
Low-level
Tropospheric stratiform, stratocumuliform and cumuliform genera
Stratus (St)
Stratocumulus (Sc)
Cumulus (Cu)
Horseshoe
Stratiform and cumuliform species
Fractus
Cumulus humilis (Cu hum)
Stratocumulus variants (non-WMO terminology)
Actinoform cloud
Asperitas
Moderate vertical
Tropospheric stratiform and cumuliform genera
Nimbostratus (Ns)
Cumulus (Cu)
Cumuliform species
Cumulus mediocris (Cu med)
Cumuliform supplementary features
Cumulus Pileus
Cumulus Volutus
Towering vertical
Tropospheric cumulonimbiform genus
Cumulonimbus (Cb)
Cumuliform species
Cumulus congestus (ICAO term Towering cumulus [Tcu])
Cumuliform and cumulonimbiform supplementary features
mamma
Tuba (Funnel cloud)
Pileus
Arcus (Shelf)
Cumuliform and cumulonimbiform variants (non-WMO terminology)
Wall cloud
Cumulonimbuus Overshooting top
Hot tower
Surface based
General type
Fog
Non-height specific
General types
Accessory cloud
Kelvin–Helmholtz cloud
Special
Special modifiers
Flammagenitus (cloud)
Homogenitus (cloud)
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