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President of the Czech Republic
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President of the Czech Republic
Prezident České republiky
Presidential Standard
Incumbent
Miloš Zeman
since 8 March 2013
Style
His Excellency
Residence
Prague Castle
Seat
Prague, Czech Republic
Appointer
Popular vote
Term length
Five years
Renewable once, consecutively
Inaugural holder
Václav Havel
2 February 1993
Formation
Constitution of the Czech Republic
Salary
2,235,600 Kč ($ 86,830) [1]
Website
www.hrad.cz
Czech Republic
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The President of the Czech Republic is the elected head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Military of the Czech Republic.[2] Unlike counterparts in other Central European countries such as Austria and Hungary, who are generally considered figureheads, the Czech president has a considerable role in political affairs. Because many powers can only be exercised with the signatures of both the President and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, responsibility over some political issues is effectively shared between the two offices.
Contents
[hide]
1 Powers
1.1 Absolute authority
1.2 Limited sole authority
1.3 Duties shared
1.4 Immunity from prosecution
1.5 Ceremonial powers
2 Election
2.1 Electoral procedure
2.2 Previous electoral procedure (until 1 October 2012)
2.3 Dissatisfaction with previous procedure
3 Removal from office
4 Trappings of office
4.1 Presidential fanfare
4.2 Heraldry
4.3 Residences
5 Living former Presidents
6 List of Presidents of the Czech Republic
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Powers[edit]
The framers of the Constitution of the Czech Republic intended to set up a parliamentary system, with the Prime Minister as the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive and the president as a ceremonial head of state. However, the stature of the first president, Václav Havel, was such that the office acquired greater influence than the framers intended.[3]
Absolute authority[edit]
The President of the Czech Republic has the authority to act independently in a number of substantive areas. One of the office's strongest powers is that of veto, which returns a bill to parliament. Although the veto may be overridden by parliament,[4] the ability to refuse to sign legislation acts as a check on the power of the legislature. The only kind of bills a President can neither veto nor approve are acts that would change the constitution.[5]
The president also has the leading role in the appointment of persons to key high offices, including appointment of judges to the Supreme and Constitutional Courts (with the permission of the Senate), and members of the Bank Board of the Czech National Bank.[5]
Limited sole authority[edit]
There are some powers reserved to the President, but can be exercised only under limited circumstances. Chief among these is the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies. While the president can dissolve the Chamber on his own authority,[5] forcing a new election of that body within 60 days,[6] this can be done only under conditions prescribed by the constitution.[7]
Duties shared[edit]
Many of the President's powers can only be exercised with the assent of the Government, as expressed by the signature of the Prime Minister. These include all matters having to do with foreign relations and the use of the military, the appointment of judges to lower courts, and the granting of amnesty. Except when the Chamber of Deputies has been dissolved because of its failure to form or maintain a government,[7] the President may call for elections to the Chamber and the Senate only with the Prime Minister's approval.[8]
The President also shares responsibility with the Chamber of Deputies for appointing the president and vice president of the Supreme Control Office[9] – the body in charge of implementing the national budget – although this appointment does not technically require the signature of the Prime Minister.[5]
Immunity from prosecution[edit]
Under Art. 54 (3) and 65 (3) of the constitution, the President may not be held liable for any alleged criminal acts while executing the duties of office. Such prosecution may not occur either while the president is in office or at any time thereafter. Furthermore, Art 65 (1) prevents trial or detention for prosecution of a criminal offense or tort while in office. The only sort of prosecution allowed for a sitting President is that of high treason, which can only be carried out by the Senate, and can only result in removal from office and a ban on regaining the office at a later date.[10]
Ceremonial powers[edit]
Many of the duties of the Czech President can be said to be ceremonial to one degree or another, especially since the President has relatively few powers independent of the will of the Prime Minister. A good example of this is the status as commander in chief of the military. No part of these duties can take place but through the assent of the Prime Minister. In matters of war, he is in every sense merely a figurehead, since the constitution gives all substantive constitutional authority over the use of the armed forces to the parliament.[11][12] In fact, the only specific thing the constitution allows the president to do with respect to the military is to appoint its generals – but even this must be done with the signature of the Prime Minister.[8]
Many of the President's ceremonial duties fall under provisions of the constitution that allow the exercise of powers "not explicitly defined" in the constitution, but allowed by a lesser law.[8] In other words, Parliament has the power to allow the President whatever responsibilities they deem proper, without necessarily having to amend the constitution. Such a law was passed in 1994 with respect to the awarding of state decorations. While the constitution explicitly allows the conferring of honors and awarding of medals by the president only with the signature of the Prime Minister, parliament acted in 1994 to grant the president power to do so on his own authority. Hence, this particular duty is effectively shared between the parliament and the president.[13] The act even allows the president to choose someone to perform the actual presentation ceremony.
Election[edit]
Until 1956, the office of president was filled following an indirect election by the Parliament of the Czech Republic. In February 2012, a change to a direct election was passed by the Senate,[14] and after the related implementation law also was passed by both chambers of the parliament, it was enacted by presidential assent on 1 August 2012;[15] meaning that it legally entered into force on 1 October 2012.
Electoral procedure[edit]
The term of office of the President is 5 years.[16] A newly elected president will begin the five-year term on the day of taking the official oath.[17] Candidates standing for office must be 40 years of age, and must not have already been elected twice consecutively.[18] Since the only term limit is that no person can be elected more than twice consecutively, a person may theoretically achieve the presidency more than twice. Prospective candidates must either submit petitions with the signatures of 50,000 citizens, or be nominated by 20 deputies or 10 senators.
The constitution does not prescribe a specific date for presidential elections, but stipulates that elections shall occur in the window between 30 and 60 days before the end of the sitting president's term, provided that it was called at least 90 days prior to the selected election day.[19] In the event of a president's death, resignation or removal, the election can be held at the earliest 10 days after being called and at the latest 80 days after vacancy of the presidential seat.[17] If no candidate receives a majority, a runoff is held between the top two candidates.
The constitution makes specific allowances for the failure of a new president to be elected. If a new president has not been elected by the end of a president's term, or if 30 days elapse following a vacancy, some powers are conferred upon the Prime Minister, some are moved to the chairman of the Chamber of Deputies or to the chairman of the Senate, if parliament is in a state of dissolution at the time of the vacancy.[20]
The first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic was held 11–12 January 2013, with a runoff on 25–26 January.
Previous electoral procedure (until 1 October 2012)[edit]
Under Article 58 of the current Czech Constitution, nominees to the office must be put forward by no fewer than 10 Deputies or 10 Senators. Once nominees are in place, a ballot can begin. Each ballot can have at most three rounds. In the first round, a victorious candidate requires an absolute majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Given a 200-seat Chamber and an 81-seat Senate, a successful first-round candidate requires 101 deputies and 41 senators.[21]
If no single candidate gets a majority of both the Chamber and the Senate, a second round is then called for. At this stage, a candidate requires an absolute majority of merely those actually present at the time of voting in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The actual number of votes required in the second round might be the same as in the first round, but as in 2008, it can be a little less, due to the absence of a few parliamentarians. Nevertheless, in this second round, a single candidate would need to win a majority in both the Chamber and the Senate.
Should no single candidate achieve a majority of both houses then present, a third round is necessitated. In this final round, which can happen within 14 days of the first round, an absolute majority of deputies and senators present suffices.[22] At this stage, the individual houses of parliament are not considered separately. Assuming that all members of parliament are present, all that is required to win is 141 votes, regardless of the house of origin. If no candidate wins in the third round, another ballot has to be considered in a subsequent joint session of parliament.[23] The process continues under the same rules until a candidate prevails.
In 1993, the Republic's first president, Václav Havel, had little difficulty achieving victory on the first round of the first ballot, but his re-election bid proved bumpier. In 1998, he was elected with a cumulative seven-vote margin on the second round of the first ballot.[24] By contrast, his successor, Václav Klaus, has required the full measure of the process. He narrowly won election on the third ballot at the 2003 election and on the sixth (second attempt, third ballot) in 2008. Both his elections were won in the third round. His biggest margin of victory was two votes.
Dissatisfaction with previous procedure[edit]
Following the 2003 and 2008 elections, which both required multiple ballots, some in the Czech political community expressed dissatisfaction with this method of election. In 2008, Martin Bursík, leader of the Czech Green Party, said of the 2008 vote, "We are sitting here in front of the public somewhat muddied by backstage horse-trading, poorly concealed meetings with lobbyists and intrigue."[25] There were calls to adopt a system with a direct election, in which the public would be involved in the voting. However, opponents of this plan pointed out that the presidency had always been determined by indirect vote, going back through several predecessor states to the presidency of Tomáš Masaryk. Charles University political scientist Zdeněk Zbořil suggested that direct voting could result in a president and prime minister who were hostile to each other's goals, leading to deadlock. A system of direct elections was supported by figures including Jiří Čunek (Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party) and Jiří Paroubek (Czech Social Democratic Party), whereas the ruling Civic Democratic Party, under both President Václav Klaus and Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek, was more skeptical. Topolánek commented that it was an advantage that "our presidential elections are not preceded by some campaign, that is unavoidable in a direct election and causes rifts among citizens". Using Poland as an unfavourable example, he said that "when someone talks about how our method of selecting the head of state is undignified, he should first weigh the consequences of a direct vote".[26]
Removal from office[edit]
Aside from death, there are only three things that can effect a president's removal from office:
A President can resign by notifying the President of the Senate.[27]
The President may be deemed unable to execute his duties for "serious reasons" by a joint resolution of the Senate and the Chamber[20] – although the president may appeal to the Constitutional Court to have this resolution overturned.[28]
The President may be impeached by the Senate for high treason and convicted by the Constitutional Court.[28]
Trappings of office[edit]
Presidential fanfare[edit]
"Fanfares of the President"
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Since the first Czechoslovak president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the presidential fanfare has been the introduction to Bedřich Smetana's opera Libuše, which is symbol of the patriotism of the Czech people during the Czech National Revival under the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Heraldry[edit]
The office of president carries with it an iconography, established through laws passed by the parliament. Perhaps the most visible of these is the flag of the president, as seen at top right. His official motto is the same as that of the Republic: "Pravda vítězí" ("Truth prevails").
Inasmuch as the president is the titular sole administrator of Prague Castle, the presidency may also be said to control the heraldry of that institution as well, including but not limited to the special designs worn by the Castle Guard, which is a special unit of the armed forces of the Czech Republic, organized under the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, directly subordinate to the president.
Furthermore, the president, while in office, is entitled to wear the effects of the highest class of the Republic's two ceremonial orders, the Order of the White Lion and the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Along with the right to wear these decorations, the president is deemed to be in charge of the affairs of these orders.[29][30]
Residences[edit]
Entrance to the residence of the President of the Czech Republic, Prague Castle.
The official residence of the president of the Czech Republic is Prague Castle. However, the living quarters are small and not particularly comfortable, so recent presidents (Václav Havel and Václav Klaus) have chosen to live elsewhere. The last president to reside more or less full-time in the residence in the Prague Castle was Gustáv Husák.[citation needed] The president also maintains a summer residence at the castle in the village of Lány, 35 km west of Prague.
Living former Presidents[edit]
There is one living former Czech President:
Václav Klaus
(2003-2013)
(1941-06-19) June 19, 1941 (age 76)
List of Presidents of the Czech Republic[edit]
Main article: List of Presidents of the Czech Republic
See also[edit]
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic
List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Prezident Klaus má nárok na 50tisícovou rentu i státní důchod" (in Czech). Mladá fronta DNES. 17 June 2011.
Jump up ^ William M. Mahoney (2011). The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. ABC-CLIO. p. 7. ISBN 9780313363061.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Wayne C. (2008). The World Today Series: Nordic, Central and Southeastern Europe 2008. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. ISBN 978-1-887985-95-6.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 50
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 62
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 17
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 35
^ Jump up to: a b c Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 63
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 97
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 65 (2)
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 43
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 39
Jump up ^ "The Act on the State Decorations of the CR". Prague Castle. 2 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Radio Prague – Czech Parliament passes direct presidential elections". Radio.cz. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Klaus signs enacts implementation law, direct elections to be held in 2013 | CZ Presidential Elections". Czechpresidentialelections.com. 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 55
^ Jump up to: a b "Presidential Powers | CZ Presidential Elections". Czechpresidentialelections.com. 2010-10-23. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 57
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 56
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 66
Jump up ^ Boruda, Ondřej (6 February 2008)."Presidential Election 2008", The Prague Post.
Jump up ^ "Klaus remains favourite in Czech president's election - analyst". ČeskéNoviny.cz. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 58
Jump up ^ "Vaclav Havel gets a second term as president". Agence France Presse. 22 January 1998. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Jůn, Dominik (13 February 2008). "No-vote creates election 'fiasco". The Prague Post
Jump up ^ Hulpachová, Markéta (13 February 2008). "The future of the electoral process". The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 61
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of the Czech Republic, Art. 87
Jump up ^ "Order of the White Lion Statutes". Prague Castle. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tomas Garrigue Masaryk Order Statutes". Prague Castle. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
External links[edit]
The Czech constitution. Articles 54–66 are particularly relevant to the presidency.
The official site of Prague Castle
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Charlie Day
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Charlie Day
Day at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con
Born
Charles Peckham Day
(1976-02-09) February 9, 1976 (age 41)
New York City, U.S.
Occupation
Actor, screenwriter, producer, comedian, musician
Years active
2000–present
Spouse(s)
Mary Elizabeth Ellis (m. 2006)
Children
1
Charles Peckham Day (born February 9, 1976)[1] is an American actor, screenwriter, producer, comedian, and musician. He is best known for playing Charlie Kelly on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.[2] On film, he is known for his role as Dale in the films Horrible Bosses (2011) and its 2014 sequel, as well as for his roles in Monsters University (2013), Pacific Rim (2013), The Lego Movie (2014) and Fist Fight (2017).
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Video games
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Day was born in New York City. His mother, Mary (née Peckham), was a piano teacher at The Pennfield School in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. His father, Dr. Thomas Charles Day, is a retired professor of music history at Salve Regina University in Newport, Rhode Island.[3] His mother has English, Irish, and Welsh ancestry, while his father is of Irish and Italian descent.[4] Day spent most of his childhood in Middletown, Rhode Island.
Day attended Pennfield School and graduated from the Portsmouth Abbey School, both in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. He starred on the baseball team at the Portsmouth Abbey School, playing shortstop for the Ravens. In 1998, he received a bachelor's degree from Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts. At Merrimack, he was active in the Onstagers, Merrimack's student theater organization. He also played varsity baseball for the Warriors baseball team. During the summers of his college years, he was active in the training programs at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Williamstown, Massachusetts. In 2014, he received an honorary doctorate in performing arts from Merrimack, where he also delivered that year's keynote address.[5]
Career[edit]
Day at the premiere for Horrible Bosses in August 2011.
Besides playing Charlie Kelly on the hit FX television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, he is also one of the show's executive producers and one of its writers, along with Rob McElhenney and Glenn Howerton. Day has written and improvised some of the music featured in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.[6] He has also appeared on several other television shows such as Third Watch, Law & Order, and Reno 911!.
He appeared in New Line Cinema's Horrible Bosses in July 2011, with Jason Bateman, Jason Sudeikis, Kevin Spacey, Jennifer Aniston, Colin Farrell, and Jamie Foxx.[7] He also had a role in the 2010 film Going the Distance, alongside Justin Long, Jason Sudeikis, and Drew Barrymore. In 2013, he voiced the character Art in the Pixar animated film Monsters University and appeared in Guillermo del Toro's film Pacific Rim. Day is set to reprise his role for the Pacific Rim sequel.[8]
Day has also been a producer for the television shows How to Be a Gentleman and Unsupervised. Day hosted the November 5, 2011 episode of Saturday Night Live (SNL) with Maroon 5 as the musical guest. He was the second cast member from It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia to host SNL (after Danny DeVito, though DeVito hosted SNL before It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered). DeVito made a special appearance during Day's opening monologue.[9] In September 2014, Day provided his voice for The Sims 4 TV spots.
Personal life[edit]
Day has been married to actress Mary Elizabeth Ellis since March 4, 2006.[10] They met in 2001 and were dating in 2004 when they co-starred as incestuous siblings on Reno 911!.[11] Ellis has a recurring role on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia as "The Waitress", a coffee shop employee and object of the unrequited love and obsession for Day's character.[11] The couple had their first child, a son, in 2011.[12]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2000 Mary and Rhoda Mailroom Kid Television film
2001 Late Summer Trevor Short film
2001 Campfire Stories Joe Boner
2002 Bad Company Stoner Uncredited
2005 Love Thy Neighbor Video Clerk
2008 A Quiet Little Marriage Adam
2010 Going the Distance Dan
2011 Horrible Bosses Dale Arbus
2013 Monsters University Art Voice
2013 Pacific Rim Newt Geiszler
2013 Party Central Art Voice
Short film
2014 The Lego Movie Benny Voice
2014 Horrible Bosses 2 Dale Arbus
2015 Vacation Chad
2016 The Lego Movie: 4D - A New Adventure Benny Voice
Short attraction film
2016 The Hollars Jason
2017 Fist Fight Andrew "Andy" Campbell
2017 I Love You, Daddy Ralph
2018 Pacific Rim: Uprising Newt Geiszler Post-production
TBA Hotel Artemis Filming
TBA Pizza Boys Announced
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2000 Madigan Men Clerk Episode: "Three Guys, a Girl and a Conversation Nook"
2001 Law & Order Jeremy Episode: "Swept Away - A Very Special Episode"
2001–2004 Third Watch Michael Boscorelli 5 episodes
2003 Luis Richie 10 episodes
2004 Reno 911! Inbred Twin Episode: "Not Without My Mustache"
2005–present It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia Charlie Kelly Main role; 134 episodes, also executive producer and writer
2011 Saturday Night Live Himself (host) Episode: "Charlie Day/Maroon 5"
2012 Unsupervised Jesse Judge Voice
Episode: "Jesse Judge Lawncare Incorporated"
2012 Saturday Night Live Congressman Fenton Worthington Carrey Episode: "Jamie Foxx/Ne-Yo"
2012 American Dad! Meth Head Voice
Episode: "Adventures in Hayleysitting"
2014 Drunk History Allan Pinkerton Episode: "Baltimore"
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2013 Disney Infinity Art Voice role
2015 Lego Dimensions Benny Voice role
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Film/Show
Result
2011 Critics' Choice Television Award Best Actor in a Comedy Series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia Nominated
Satellite Award Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Behind The Voice Actors - Charlie Day". Retrieved 2014-01-06.
Jump up ^ Kate Ward (18 November 2009). "'It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia': The cast tells their story". EW.com. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Salve Regina University (2012). "Faculty". Salve Regina University. Salve Regina University. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Charlie Day : Biography". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
Jump up ^ "Featured Alum: Charlie Day '98". Merrimack College. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
Jump up ^ David Wolinsky (26 October 2010). "RANDOM RULES Charlie Day". A.V. Club. Onion Inc. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Steve 'Frosty' Weintraub (11 May 2010). "Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, Charlie Day and Colin Farrell in Talks for HORRIBLE BOSSES for Director Seth Gordon". Collider.com. IndieClick Film Network. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Nemiroff, Perri (November 24, 2014). "Guillermo del Toro Says PACIFIC RIM 2 Begins a Few Years After PACIFIC RIM in a Kaiju-Free World; Charlie Day and Burn Gorman to Return". Collider.
Jump up ^ Semigran, Aly (6 November 2011). "'Saturday Night Live' recap: Turning back the clock on Charlie Day(light savings time)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Mary Elizabeth Ellis on IMDb
^ Jump up to: a b Interview with Charlie Day & Mary Elizabeth Ellis, MonsterFresh.com
Jump up ^ Jessica Alba, on Jessica Alba: How I Handle the Paparazzi (2012-03-14). "Charlie Day, Mary Elizabeth Ellis Welcome Son Russell Wallace – Moms & Babies – Celebrity Babies and Kids - Moms & Babies - People.com". Celebritybabies.people.com. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charlie Day.
Charlie Day on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 4721081
LCCN: no2007123766
ISNI: 0000 0000 5402 7322
GND: 1019266686
BNF: cb16602346n (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Day&oldid=808950506"
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List of Presidents of the United States by military service
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The United States Constitution names the President of the United States the commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces. Previous service in the military is not a prerequisite for the position of president. As of the 2016 presidential election[update], no member of the U.S. Marine Corps or U.S. Coast Guard has yet been elected President. The most frequent military experience is Army/Army Reserve with 15 presidents, followed by State Militias at 9, Navy/Naval Reserve at 6 and the Continental Army with 2 presidents serving.
Eight presidents served during World War II, while seven served in the military during the American Civil War.
The following list outlines the military service of each president before becoming the commander in chief.
See also: List of presidents of the United States by military rank
President
Service
Rank
Active Service
Donald J. Trump None None None
Barack Obama None None None
George W. Bush Texas Air National Guard, United States Air Force First Lieutenant Stateside service as pilot during Vietnam War (1968–1973). Received early discharge in 1973.[1]
Bill Clinton None None None. Signed agreement to join Reserve Officer Training Corps at University of Arkansas during Vietnam War.[2] Subsequently withdrew and entered draft, but received high draft number and was not drafted.[3] (See Bill Clinton: Vietnam War opposition and draft controversy.)
George H. W. Bush United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Navy pilot in World War II (1942–1945). Shot down and received the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Ronald Reagan United States Army Reserve, United States Army Air Corps Captain Stateside service during World War II (1942–1945); Army Reserve (1937–1942).
Jimmy Carter United States Navy Lieutenant (navy) Served during World War II as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy. Sea duty and stateside service 1946–1953 during the Korean War.
Gerald Ford United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant Commander World War II (1942–1945); combat on USS Monterey, discharged in 1946.
Richard Nixon United States Naval Reserve Commander World War II (1942–1945); earned two battle stars for service in the Pacific.
Lyndon B. Johnson United States Naval Reserve Commander[4] World War II received Silver Star medal after observation mission in which aircraft he was on came under Japanese attack.
John F. Kennedy United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant (navy) Served in combat during World War II. Received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the Purple Heart.
Dwight D. Eisenhower United States Army General of the Army Stateside service during World War I. Served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II (1942–1945). Visited troops in Korea in December 1952. Entire active-duty career spanned from 1915 until 1969 (excepting his two terms as president).
Harry S. Truman[5] Missouri Army National Guard,
United States Army,
United States Army Reserve Colonel Stateside National Guard service in Missouri (1905–1911); served in combat in France during World War I (1917–1918); transferred to Army Reserve and retired in 1953.
Franklin D. Roosevelt None None None; Assistant Secretary of the Navy during World War I. Attempted to resign in order to enter uniformed service, but resignation not accepted. Visited France as part of Navy Department duties to observe military activities first hand.
Herbert Hoover None None None; helped guide US Marines in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion.
Calvin Coolidge None None None
Warren G. Harding None None None
Woodrow Wilson None None None
William Howard Taft Connecticut Home Guard None None; United States Secretary of War 1904–1908. Enlisted in Connecticut Home Guard for World War I.
Theodore Roosevelt United States Army Colonel New York National Guard, 1882 to 1886, captain and company commander. Spanish–American War service as second in command and then commander of the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry (Rough Riders). Only U.S. President to receive the Medal of Honor (awarded posthumously in 2001). Also a Navy Civilian, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy[6]
William McKinley United States Army Brevet Major American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry under future President Rutherford B. Hayes; fought in the Battle of South Mountain, The Battle of Antietam, and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.
Benjamin Harrison United States Army Brigadier General American Civil War; Commanded an Infantry Brigade at the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peachtree Creek and Atlanta; also Commanded a brigade during Sherman's March to the Sea.
Grover Cleveland None None Paid George Benninsky $150 to take his place after Cleveland was drafted during American Civil War under the Conscription Act of 1863.
Chester A. Arthur New York State Militia Brigadier General Judge Advocate General, Second Brigade of the New York Militia. Served as Engineer-in-Chief on the Governor's staff, Quartermaster General and Inspector General of the New York Militia before and during the American Civil War. Declined appointment as commander of the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and command of four New York City regiments organized as the Metropolitan Brigade when Governor requested he remain Quartermaster General.
James Garfield United States Army Major General American Civil War (1861–1863; commanded an Ohio Infantry Brigade at the Battles of Shiloh and Corinth; served as Chief of Staff for General William Rosecrans at the Battle of Chickamauga; left the army to serve in the United States House of Representatives).
Rutherford B. Hayes United States Army Major General American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry and commanded future President William McKinley; wounded at the Battle of South Mountain; also served at the Battle of Antietam and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.
Ulysses S. Grant United States Army General of the Army Mexican–American War and American Civil War; served 1843–54 and 1861–68.
Andrew Johnson United States Army Brigadier General Served in Tennessee Militia in 1830s. American Civil War; served as Military Governor of Tennessee in 1862.
Abraham Lincoln Illinois State Militia Captain Black Hawk War (served three months in 1832); see Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War.
James Buchanan Pennsylvania State Militia Private War of 1812
Franklin Pierce United States Army Brigadier General New Hampshire Militia, 1831–46; Mexican–American War; commanded Infantry Brigade at Battle of Contreras (where his leg was injured), Battle of Churubusco, and the Assault on Mexico City.
Millard Fillmore New York State Militia Major Served in New York Militia in 1820s and 1830s; Organized Union Continentals home guard unit in Buffalo, New York during the American Civil War.
Zachary Taylor United States Army Major General War of 1812, Black Hawk War, Second Seminole War, Mexican–American War; entire career spanned from 1808 until 1848.
James K. Polk Tennessee State Militia Colonel Joined cavalry unit in Tennessee Militia as a Captain. Subsequently appointed a Colonel on the staff of Governor William Carroll.
John Tyler Virginia militia Captain War of 1812.
William Henry Harrison United States Army Major General Northwest Indian War, War of 1812.
Martin Van Buren None None None. Special Judge Advocate appointed to aid in prosecuting William Hull at Hull's court-martial after surrender of Detroit during the War of 1812.
Andrew Jackson Tennessee State Militia, Continental Army, United States Army Major General American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Creek War, First Seminole War.
John Quincy Adams None None None
James Monroe Continental Army Major American Revolutionary War; depicted holding the American flag behind General George Washington in the famous painting Washington Crossing the Delaware; wounded at the Battle of Trenton, depicted in the painting The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 by John Trumbull.
James Madison Virginia militia Colonel American Revolutionary War, did not see action.
Thomas Jefferson Virginia militia Colonel Commander of Albemarle County Militia at start of American Revolution, did not see action.
John Adams None None Adams served as chairman of the Continental Congress's Board of War (1776–77), making him the simultaneous equivalent of today's Secretary of Defense and Chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee; was a semi-participant in a naval engagement between a British and US ship during the American Revolution.
George Washington Virginia militia, Virginia Regiment, Continental Army, United States Army General of the Armies French and Indian War, American Revolutionary War.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lechliter, Gerald A. (2004). "President George W. Bush's Military Service: A Critical Analysis" (PDF). New York Times. New York, NY.
Jump up ^ Benson, Michael (2004). Bill Clinton. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications. pp. 31, 34. ISBN 978-0-8225-0819-9.
Jump up ^ Gillon, Steven M. (2008). The Pact: Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, and the Rivalry that Defined a Generation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-532278-1.
Jump up ^ President Lyndon B. Johnson's Military Service Archived 2013-02-17 at Archive.is Lyndon Baines Johnson Library & Museum
Jump up ^ "Military Personnel File of Harry S. Truman". Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
Jump up ^ https://www.pbs.org/crucible/tl7.html
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List of oil fields
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2010)
USGS map of countries where oil is located
An oil refinery in Mina-Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait
This list of oil fields includes some major oil fields of the past and present.
The list is incomplete; there are more than 65,000 oil and gas fields of all sizes in the world.[1] However, 94% of known oil is concentrated in fewer than 1500 giant and major fields.[2] Most of the world's largest oilfields are located in the Middle East, but there are also supergiant (>10 billion bbls) oilfields in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
Amounts listed below, in billions of barrels, are the estimated ultimate recoverable petroleum resources (proved reserves plus cumulative production), given historical production and current extraction technology. Oil shale reserves (perhaps 3 trillion barrels (4.8×1011 m3)) and coal reserves, both of which can be converted to liquid petroleum, are not included in this chart. Other non-conventional liquid fuel sources are similarly excluded from this list.
Oil fields greater than 1 billion barrels (160 million cubic metres)[edit]
Field
Location
Discovered
Started production
Peaked
Recoverable oil, past and future (billion barrels)
Production (million barrels/day)
Rate of decline
Ghawar Field Saudi Arabia 1948[3] 1951[3] 2005,[4] disputed[5] 88-104[6] 5[7] 8% per year[8]
Burgan Field Kuwait 1937 1948 2005[9] 66-72[8] 1.7[10] 14% per year[citation needed]
Ahvaz Field Iran 1958 1970s[11] 37 .750[12]
Gachsaran Field Iran 1927 1930 1974 66[13] 0.480
Sugar Loaf field Brazil 2007 ~ 25-40[14] not yet developed
Cantarell Field Mexico 1976 1981 2004[15] 35[8] 18 billion recoverable .340 [16] peaked in 2004 at 2.14 million barrels per day (340,000 m3/d)[16]
Ku-Maloob-Zaap Mexico 1979 1981 production still increasing .867 [17] production increasing, most productive Mexican oil field
Bolivar Coastal Field Venezuela 1917 1922 30-32[8] 2.6-3[8]
Aghajari Field Iran 1938 1940 28[18] 0.300
Lula Field Brazil, Santos Basin 2007 5-8 0.1
Safaniya Oil Field Kuwait/Saudi Arabia 1951 30 1.2
Esfandiar Field Iran 30
Rumaila Field Iraq 1953 17[19] 1.3[19]
Tengiz Field Kazakhstan 1979 1993 2010 26-40[8] .53[8] expanding from 285k to 1.3 m bpd [20]
Kirkuk Field Iraq 1927 1934 8.5 0.480
Shaybah Field Saudi Arabia 15
Agha Jari Field Iran 1937 8.7 .200
Majnoon Field Iraq 1975 11-20[19] 0.5[19]
Samotlor Field Russia, West Siberia 1965 1969 1980[21] 14-16 0.844 [22] (depletion: 73%) [22] 5% decline per year (2008 - 2014)[23]
Shaikan Sheikh Adi Field Iraq Kurdistan 2009 2013 production still increasing 4-6 0.04 production still increasing
Romashkino Field Russia Volga-Ural 1948 1949 in decline 16-17 .301 (2006) [22] depletion: 85% [22]
Prudhoe Bay United States, Alaska 1967-68 1977 1988 [24] 25 (~13 recoverable) 0.66 11% per year[citation needed]
Sarir Field Libya 1961 1961 12 (6.5 billion recoverable)
Priobskoye field Russia, West Siberia 1982 2000 13 0.680 (2008) 14% depleted, production rapidly expanding[25]
Lyantorskoye field Russia, West Siberia 1966 1979 13 0.168 (2004) [22] depletion: 81% [22]
Abqaiq Field Saudi Arabia 12 0.43[26]
Chicontepec Field Mexico 1926 6.5 [16] (19 certified)[27]
Berri Field Saudi Arabia 12
Zakum Field Abu Dhabi, UAE 1965[28] 1967 12
West Qurna Field Iraq 1973 15-21 [19] 0.18-0.25 (pot.)* civil war [19]
Manifa Field Saudi Arabia 11
Fyodorovskoye Field Russia, West Siberia 1971 1974 11 1.9 (197x)
East Baghdad Field Iraq 1976 8 [19] 0-0.05 (pot.)* civil war [19]
Foroozan-Marjan (Iran) Field Saudi Arabia/Iran 10
Marlim Field Brazil, Campos Basin in decline 10-14 8% per year[29]
Awali Bahrain 1
Azadegan Field Iran 1999 5.2
Marun Field Iran 1963 16 0.52
Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin Kuwait 66-72
Minagish Kuwait 2
Raudhatain Kuwait 11
Sabriya Kuwait 3.8-4
Yibal Oman 1968 1
Mukhaizna Oil Field Oman 1
Dukhan Field Qatar 1939 2.2
Halfaya Field Iraq 4.1
Az Zubayr Field Iraq 1949 6
Nahr Umr Field Iraq 1948 6
Abu-Sa'fah field Saudi Arabia 6.1
Hassi Messaoud Algeria 1956 9
Bouri Field Libya 1976 1988 4.5 0.060
Kizomba Complex Angola 2
Dalia (oil field) Angola 1997 1
Belayim Angola >1
Zafiro Angola 1
Zelten oil field Libya 1956 1961 2.5
Agbami Field Nigeria 1998 2008 0.8-1.2
Bonga Field Nigeria 1996 2005 1.4
Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli Azerbaijan 1985 1997 5.4 0.684
Karachaganak Field Kazakhstan 1972 2.5
Kashagan Field Kazakhstan 2000 30 [30]
Kurmangazy Field Kazakhstan 6-7
Darkhan Field Kazakhstan 9.5
Zhanazhol Field Kazakhstan 1960 1987 3
Uzen Field Kazakhstan 7
Kalamkas Field Kazakhstan 3.2
Zhetybay Field Kazakhstan 2.1
Nursultan Field Kazakhstan 4.5
Ekofisk oil field Norway 1969 1971 2006 3.3 0.127
Troll Vest Norway 1979 1990 2003 1.4
Statfjord Norway 1974 1979 1987 3.4
Gullfaks Norway 1978 1986 1994 2.1
Oseberg Norway 1979 1988 2.2
Snorre Norway 1979 1992 2003 1.5
Mamontovskoye Field Russia 8
Russkoye Field Russia 2.5
Kamennoe Field Russia 1.9
Vankor Field Russia 1983 2009 3.8[31]
Vatyeganskoye Field Russia 1.4
Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye Field Russia 1.3
Sutorminskoye Field Russia 1.3
Urengoy group Russia 1
Ust-Balykskoe Field Russia >1
Tuymazinskoe Field Russia 3
Arlanskoye Field Russia >2
South-Hilchuy Field Russia 3.1
North-Dolginskoye Field Russia 2.2
Nizhne-Chutinskoe Field Russia 1.7
South-Dolginskoye Field Russia 1.6
Prirazlomnoye Field Russia 1989 2011 1.4
West-Matveevskoye Field Russia 1.1
Sakhalin Islands Russia 14
Odoptu Russia 1
Arukutun-Dagi Russia 1
Piltun-Astokhskoye Field Russia 1986 1
Ayash Field East-Odoptu Field Russia 4.5
Verhne-Chonskoye Field Russia 1.3
Talakan Field Russia 1.3
North-Caucasus Basin Russia 1.7
Clair oilfield United Kingdom 1977 5 (1.75 recoverable)
Forties oilfield United Kingdom 1970 5
Jupiter field Brazil 2008 7
Cupiagua/Cusiana Colombia 1
Boscán Field, Venezuela Venezuela 1946 1947 1.6
Pembina Canada 1953 1953
Swan Hills Canada
Rainbow Lake Canada
Hibernia Canada 1979 1997 3
Terra Nova Field Canada 1984 2002 1.0
Kelly-Snyder / SACROC United States, Texas 1.5
Bakken Oil Field United States, North Dakota 1951 7.3 [32]
Yates Oil Field United States, Texas 1926 1926 1929 3.0 (2.0 billion recovered; 1.0 reserve remaining)[33][34]
Kuparuk oil field United States, Alaska 1969 6
Alpine United States, Alaska 0.4-1
East Texas Oil Field United States, Texas 1930 6
Spraberry Trend United States, Texas 1943 10[35]
Wilmington Oil Field United States, California 1932 3
South Belridge Oil Field United States, California 1911 2[36]
Coalinga Oil Field United States, California 1887 1
Elk Hills United States, California 1911 1.5[36]
Kern River United States, California 1899 2.5[36]
Midway-Sunset Field United States, California 1894 3.4[36]
Thunder Horse Oil Field United States, Gulf of Mexico 1999 1 0.25
Kingfish Australia 1.2
Halibut Australia 1
Daqing Field China 1959 1960 16 depletion: 90%
Jidong Field China 2.2
Tahe Field China 8
Nanpu Oil Field China 7.35
Wushi Oil Field China 2015
Zafiro Field Equatorial Guinea 1995 2004 1[37]
See also[edit]
Energy portal
Giant oil and gas fields
List of coalfields
List of natural gas fields
List of oil and gas fields of the North Sea
OAPEC
Oil megaprojects
Oil shale reserves
OPEC
Petrol
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Li Guoyu (2011), World Atlas of Oil and Gas Basins (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell), p. 20.
Jump up ^ Ivanhoe, L. F, and G G. Leckie, -"Global oil, gas fields, sizes tallied, analyzed," Oil and Gas Journal. Feb. 15, 1993, pp. 87-91
^ Jump up to: a b "The Elephant of All Elephants". AAPG. Archived from the original on 2006-03-02.
Jump up ^ Donald Coxe (2005-03-31). "Has Ghawar truly peaked?". Archived from the original on Jan 2016.
Jump up ^ "Another Day in the Desert" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Depletion Levels in Ghawar". 2007-05-18. Archived from the original on May 2016. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
Jump up ^ Ghawar Field
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The List: Taking Oil Fields Offline". August 2006. Archived from the original on August 2006.
Jump up ^ "Burgan Field: Kuwait's Biggest Oil Field Starts to Run Out of Oil". 2005-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-05-25.
Jump up ^ Burgan Field
Jump up ^ Blackwell Energy Research Oil and Energy Trends
Jump up ^ "Iran Country Analysis Brief" (PDF). 2007-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Extraction of Crude Petroleum in Iran-Overview". mbendi.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 2005-11-19. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Three supergiant fields discovered offshore Brazil".
Jump up ^ "Mexico Oil Production going down January 2007".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mexico Energy Data". Reuters. 2007-12-20.
Jump up ^ History of Cantarell (KMZ-Field mentioned at page 4)
Jump up ^ "Iran expects Aghajari oil field to yield 300,000 bpd oil for 20 years". gasandoil.com. 2004. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "DOE: Iraq Energy Data". 2007-08-01. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ [1][permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - TNK to revive Samotlor oil field Archived 2009-09-18 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "DOE: Russia Energy Data (data from 2006)". 2008-06-10. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30.
Jump up ^ Russia International Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Jump up ^ "Timeline: Alaska Pipeline Chronology".
Jump up ^ Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Yukos to double output from Priobskoye field Archived 2009-06-29 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Impact of the Abqaiq Attack on Saudi Energy Security". Archived from the original on 2008-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Mexico's northern region launches massive development - Pemex Exploration and Production - Statistical Data Included". World Oil. 2001. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21.
Jump up ^ "United Arab Emirates - Persian Gulf".
Jump up ^ "New information on the Cambridge Energy analysis of world oil supplies". Archived from the original on 2008-10-07.
Jump up ^ http://www.kmg.kz/index.cfm?tid=24
Jump up ^ "Russia launches Vankor oilfield, eyes China market". Forbes. 2009-08-21. Archived from the original on September 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
Jump up ^ http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/usgs-releases-new-oil-and-gas-assessment-for-bakken-and-three-forks-formations.cfm
Jump up ^ University of Texas Oil Connections Archived 2010-12-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ NASA picture from space; barrel 2 billion from the field was filled in 1995
Jump up ^ Top 100 Oil and Gas Fields (U.S. Department of Energy) Archived 2009-05-15 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d California Department of Conservation, Oil and Gas Statistics
Jump up ^ "Energy for Development: Twenty-First Century Challenges of Reform and Liberalization in Developing Countries" by R. Vedavalli
[show]
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Gachsaran Field

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/wiki/Sugar_Loaf_field
mw-redirect
Sugar Loaf field

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/wiki/Aghajari_Field
mw-redirect
Aghajari Field

values:
/wiki/Tupi_oil_field
mw-redirect
Tupi oil field

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/wiki/Rumaila_Field
mw-redirect
Rumaila Field

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/wiki/Shaybah_Field
mw-redirect
Shaybah Field

values:
/wiki/Agha_Jari_Field
mw-redirect
Agha Jari Field

values:
/wiki/Majnoon_Field
mw-redirect
Majnoon Field

values: Shaikan Sheikh Adi Field (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_oil_field
mw-redirect
Prudhoe Bay oil field

values: Lyantorskoye field (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Chicontepec_Field
mw-redirect
Chicontepec Field

values: Fyodorovskoye Field (page does not exist)

values: Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Az_Zubayr_Field
mw-redirect
Az Zubayr Field

values:
/wiki/Dalia_(oil_field)
mw-redirect
Dalia (oil field)

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/wiki/Kurmangazy_Field
mw-redirect
Kurmangazy Field

values:
/wiki/Troll_oil_field
mw-redirect
Troll oil field

values:
/wiki/Russkoye_Field
mw-redirect
Russkoye Field

values:
/wiki/Sakhalin_Islands
mw-redirect
Sakhalin Islands

values: Lena-Tunguska Basin (page does not exist)

values: North-Caucasus Basin (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Forties_oilfield
mw-redirect
Forties oilfield

values:
/wiki/Jupiter_field
mw-redirect
Jupiter field

values:
/wiki/Bosc%C3%A1n_Field,_Venezuela
mw-redirect
Boscán Field, Venezuela

values:
/wiki/Hibernia_(oil_field)
mw-redirect
Hibernia (oil field)

values:
/wiki/Terra_Nova_(oil_field)
mw-redirect
Terra Nova (oil field)

values:
/wiki/Bakken_formation
mw-redirect
Bakken formation

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/wiki/Kuparuk_oil_field
mw-redirect
Kuparuk oil field

values:
/wiki/Daqing_Field
mw-redirect
Daqing Field

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values: List of oil and gas fields of the North Sea

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http://www.energybulletin.net/5065.html

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http://www.kmg.kz/index.cfm?tid=24

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values: List of countries by proven oil reserves

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values: Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates

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values: List of countries by natural gas consumption

values: List of countries by natural gas production

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/wiki/Seismic_to_simulation
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Seismic to simulation

values: Category:History of the petroleum industry

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values: List of acronyms in oil and gas exploration and production

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values: List of oil exploration and production companies

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Energy trading

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values: قائمة حقول النفط – Arabic

values: میدان‌های نفتی جهان – Persian

values: तेल क्षेत्रों की सूची – Hindi

values: Lista di giacimenti petroliferi – Italian

values: Ірі мұнай кен орындары – Kazakh

values: Lijst van olie- en gasvoorkomens – Dutch

values: Крупнейшие нефтяные месторождения мира – Russian

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