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Electric field
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Electric field lines emanating from a point positive electric charge suspended over an infinite sheet of conducting material.
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An electric field is a field that surrounds electric charges. It represents charges attracting or repelling other electric charges by exerting force.[1] [2] Mathematically the electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the force, called the Coulomb force, that would be experienced per unit of charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point.[3] The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N/C), or volts per meter (V/m). Electric fields are created by electric charges, and by time-varying magnetic fields. Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited practically in electrical technology. On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms that cause chemical bonding. The electric field and the magnetic field together form the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition of an electric field
2 Sources of electric field
2.1 Causes and description
2.2 Continuous vs. discrete charge representation
3 Superposition principle
4 Electrostatic fields
4.1 Electric potential
4.2 Parallels between electrostatic and gravitational fields
4.3 Uniform fields
5 Electrodynamic fields
6 Energy in the electric field
7 Further extensions
7.1 Definitive equation of vector fields
7.2 Constitutive relation
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Definition of an electric field[edit]
From Coulomb's law a particle with electric charge q 1 {\displaystyle q_{1}} at position x 1 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{1}}}} exerts a force on a particle with charge q 0 {\displaystyle q_{0}} at position x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}} of
F = 1 4 π ε 0 q 1 q 0 ( x 1 − x 0 ) 2 r ^ 1,0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{q_{1}q_{0} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{1}-x_{0}}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{1,0}}}}}
where r ^ 1,0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{1,0}}}}} is the unit vector in the direction from point x 1 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{1}}}} to point x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}}
When the charges q 0 {\displaystyle q_{0}} and q 1 {\displaystyle q_{1}} have the same sign this force is positive, directed away from the other charge, indicating the particles repel each other. When the charges have unlike signs the force is negative, indicating the particles attract. To make it easy to calculate the Coulomb force on any charge at position x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}} this expression can be divided by q 0 {\displaystyle q_{0}} , leaving an expression that only depends on the other charge (the source charge)[4][5]
E ( x 0 ) = F q 0 = 1 4 π ε 0 q 1 ( x 1 − x 0 ) 2 r ^ 1,0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x_{0}}})={{\boldsymbol {F}} \over q_{0}}={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{q_{1} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{1}-x_{0}}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{1,0}}}}}
This is the electric field at point x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}} due to the point charge q 1 {\displaystyle q_{1}} ; it is a vector equal to the Coulomb force per unit charge that a positive point charge would experience at the position x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}} . With the formula giving the electric field magnitude and direction at any point x 0 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{0}}}} in space (except at the location of the charge itself, x 1 {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{1}}}} , where it becomes infinite) a vector field is defined. From the above formula it can be seen that the electric field due to a point charge is everywhere directed away from the charge if it is positive, and toward the charge if it is negative, and its magnitude decreases with the inverse square of the distance from the charge.
If there are multiple charges, the resultant Coulomb force on a charge can be found by summing the vectors of the forces due to each charge. This shows the electric field obeys the superposition principle: the total electric field at a point due to a collection of charges is just equal to the vector sum of the electric fields at that point due to the individual charges.[5][6]
E ( x ) = E 1 ( x ) + E 2 ( x ) + E 3 ( x ) + ⋯ = 1 4 π ε 0 q 1 ( x 1 − x ) 2 r ^ 1 + 1 4 π ε 0 q 2 ( x 2 − x ) 2 r ^ 2 + 1 4 π ε 0 q 3 ( x 3 − x ) 2 r ^ 3 + ⋯ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x}})={\boldsymbol {E_{1}}}({\boldsymbol {x}})+{\boldsymbol {E_{2}}}({\boldsymbol {x}})+{\boldsymbol {E_{3}}}({\boldsymbol {x}})+\cdots ={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{q_{1} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{1}-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{1}}}}+{1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{q_{2} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{2}-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{2}}}}+{1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{q_{3} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{3}-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{3}}}}+\cdots }
E ( x ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ∑ k = 1 N q k ( x k − x ) 2 r ^ k {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\sum _{k=1}^{N}{q_{k} \over ({\boldsymbol {x_{k}-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{k}}}}}
where r ^ k {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}_{\text{k}}}}} is the unit vector in the direction from point x k {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x_{k}}}} to point x {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x}}} .
This is the definition of the electric field due to the point source charges q 1 ⋯ q N {\displaystyle q_{1}\cdots q_{N}} . It diverges and becomes infinite at the locations of the charges themselves, and so is not defined there.
Evidence of an electric field: styrofoam peanuts clinging to a cat's fur due to static electricity. The triboelectric effect causes an electrostatic charge to build up on the fur due to the cat's motions. The electric field of the charge causes polarization of the molecules of the styrofoam due to electrostatic induction, resulting in a slight attraction of the light plastic pieces to the charged fur. This effect is also the cause of static cling in clothes.
The Coulomb force on a charge of magnitude q {\displaystyle q} at any point in space is equal to the product of the charge and the electric field at that point
F = q E {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {F}}=q{\boldsymbol {E}}}
The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N/C), or volts per meter (V/m); in terms of the SI base units they are kg⋅m⋅s−3⋅A−1
The electric field due to a continuous distribution of charge ρ ( x ) {\displaystyle \rho ({\boldsymbol {x}})} in space (where ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the charge density in coulombs per cubic meter) can be calculated by considering the charge ρ ( x ′ ) d V {\displaystyle \rho ({\boldsymbol {x'}})dV} in each small volume of space d V {\displaystyle dV} at point x ′ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x'}}} as a point charge, and calculating its electric field d E ( x ) {\displaystyle d{\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x}})} at point x {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x}}}
d E ( x ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ρ ( x ′ ) d V ( x ′ − x ) 2 r ^ ′ {\displaystyle d{\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}{\rho ({\boldsymbol {x'}})dV \over ({\boldsymbol {x'-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}'}}}
where r ^ ′ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}'}}} is the unit vector pointing from x ′ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x'}}} to x {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {x}}} , then adding up the contributions from all the increments of volume by integrating over the volume of the charge distribution V {\displaystyle V}
E ( x ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ∭ V ρ ( x ′ ) d V ( x ′ − x ) 2 r ^ ′ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {x}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\iiint \limits _{V}\,{\rho ({\boldsymbol {x'}})dV \over ({\boldsymbol {x'-x}})^{2}}{\boldsymbol {{\hat {r}}'}}}
Sources of electric field[edit]
Causes and description[edit]
Electric fields are caused by electric charges, described by Gauss's law, [7] or varying magnetic fields, described by Faraday's law of induction.[8] Together, these laws are enough to define the behavior of the electric field as a function of charge repartition and magnetic field. However, since the magnetic field is described as a function of electric field, the equations of both fields are coupled and together form Maxwell's equations that describe both fields as a function of charges and currents.
In the special case of a steady state (stationary charges and currents), the Maxwell-Faraday inductive effect disappears. The resulting two equations (Gauss's law ∇ ⋅ E = ρ ε 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}} and Faraday's law with no induction term ∇ × E = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =0} ), taken together, are equivalent to Coulomb's law, written as E ( r ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ∫ ρ ( r ′ ) r − r ′ | r − r ′ | 3 d 3 r ′ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {E}}({\boldsymbol {r}})={1 \over 4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}\int \rho ({\boldsymbol {r'}}){{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}} \over |{\boldsymbol {r}}-{\boldsymbol {r'}}|^{3}}d^{3}r'} for a charge density ρ ( r ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {\rho } (\mathbf {r} )} ( r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } denotes the position in space).[9] Notice that ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} , the permitivity of vacuum, must be substituted if charges are considered in non-empty media.
Continuous vs. discrete charge representation[edit]
Main article: Charge density
The equations of electromagnetism are best described in a continuous description. However, charges are sometimes best described as discrete points; for example, some models may describe electrons as point sources where charge density is infinite on an infinitesimal section of space.
A charge q {\displaystyle q} located at r 0 {\displaystyle \mathbf {r_{0}} } can be described mathematically as a charge density ρ ( r ) = q δ ( r − r 0 ) {\displaystyle \rho (\mathbf {r} )=q\delta (\mathbf {r-r_{0}} )} , where the Dirac delta function (in three dimensions) is used. Conversely, a charge distribution can be approximated by many small point charges.
Superposition principle[edit]
Electric fields satisfy the superposition principle, because Maxwell's equations are linear. As a result, if E 1 {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}} and E 2 {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{2}} are the electric fields resulting from distribution of charges ρ 1 {\displaystyle \rho _{1}} and ρ 2 {\displaystyle \rho _{2}} , a distribution of charges ρ 1 + ρ 2 {\displaystyle \rho _{1}+\rho _{2}} will create an electric field E 1 + E 2 {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{1}+\mathbf {E} _{2}} ; for instance, Coulomb's law is linear in charge density as well.
This principle is useful to calculate the field created by multiple point charges. If charges q 1 , q 2 , . . . , q n {\displaystyle q_{1},q_{2},...,q_{n}} are stationary in space at r 1 , r 2 , . . . r n {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} _{1},\mathbf {r} _{2},...\mathbf {r} _{n}} , in the absence of currents, the superposition principle proves that the resulting field is the sum of fields generated by each particle as described by Coulomb's law:
E ( r ) = ∑ i = 1 N E i ( r ) = 1 4 π ε 0 ∑ i = 1 N q i r − r i | r − r i | 3 {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} (\mathbf {r} )=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\mathbf {E} _{i}(\mathbf {r} )={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}\sum _{i=1}^{N}q_{i}{\frac {\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}}{|\mathbf {r} -\mathbf {r} _{i}|^{3}}}}
Electrostatic fields[edit]
Main article: Electrostatics
Illustration of the electric field surrounding a positive (red) and a negative (blue) charge
Play media
Experiment illustrating electric field lines. An electrode connected to an electrostatic induction machine is placed in an oil-filled container. Considering that oil is a dielectric medium, when there is current through the electrode, the particles arrange themselves so as to show the force lines of the electric field.
Electrostatic fields are E-fields which do not change with time, which happens when charges and currents are stationary. In that case, Coulomb's law fully describes the field.[10]
Electric potential[edit]
Main article: Conservative vector field § Irrotational vector fields
If a system is static, such that magnetic fields are not time-varying, then by Faraday's law, the electric field is curl-free. In this case, one can define an electric potential, that is, a function Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } such that E = − ∇ Φ {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi } .[11] This is analogous to the gravitational potential.
Parallels between electrostatic and gravitational fields[edit]
Coulomb's law, which describes the interaction of electric charges:
F = q ( Q 4 π ε 0 r ^ | r | 2 ) = q E {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q\left({\frac {Q}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}}}{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=q\mathbf {E} }
is similar to Newton's law of universal gravitation:
F = m ( − G M r ^ | r | 2 ) = m g {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =m\left(-GM{\frac {\mathbf {\hat {r}} }{|\mathbf {r} |^{2}}}\right)=m\mathbf {g} }
(where r ^ = r | r | {\displaystyle \mathbf {\hat {r}} =\mathbf {\frac {r}{|r|}} } ).
This suggests similarities between the electric field E and the gravitational field g, or their associated potentials. Mass is sometimes called "gravitational charge" because of that similarity.[citation needed]
Electrostatic and gravitational forces both are central, conservative and obey an inverse-square law.
Uniform fields[edit]
A uniform field is one in which the electric field is constant at every point. It can be approximated by placing two conducting plates parallel to each other and maintaining a voltage (potential difference) between them; it is only an approximation because of boundary effects (near the edge of the planes, electric field is distorted because the plane does not continue). Assuming infinite planes, the magnitude of the electric field E is:
E = − Δ ϕ d {\displaystyle E=-{\frac {\Delta \phi }{d}}}
where Δϕ is the potential difference between the plates and d is the distance separating the plates. The negative sign arises as positive charges repel, so a positive charge will experience a force away from the positively charged plate, in the opposite direction to that in which the voltage increases. In micro- and nano-applications, for instance in relation to semiconductors, a typical magnitude of an electric field is in the order of 7006100000000000000♠106 V⋅m−1, achieved by applying a voltage of the order of 1 volt between conductors spaced 1 µm apart.
Electrodynamic fields[edit]
Main article: Electrodynamics
Electrodynamic fields are E-fields which do change with time, for instance when charges are in motion.
The electric field cannot be described independently of the magnetic field in that case. If A is the magnetic vector potential, defined so that B = ∇ × A {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\nabla \times \mathbf {A} } , one can still define an electric potential Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } such that:
E = − ∇ Φ − ∂ A ∂ t {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =-\nabla \Phi -{\frac {\partial \mathbf {A} }{\partial t}}}
One can recover Faraday's law of induction by taking the curl of that equation
[12]
∇ × E = − ∂ ( ∇ × A ) ∂ t = − ∂ B ∂ t {\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial (\nabla \times \mathbf {A} )}{\partial t}}=-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}}
which justifies, a posteriori, the previous form for E.
Energy in the electric field[edit]
The total energy per unit volume stored by the electromagnetic field is[13]
u E M = ε 2 | E | 2 + 1 2 μ | B | 2 {\displaystyle u_{EM}={\frac {\varepsilon }{2}}|\mathbf {E} |^{2}+{\frac {1}{2\mu }}|\mathbf {B} |^{2}}
where ε is the permittivity of the medium in which the field exists, μ {\displaystyle \mu } its magnetic permeability, and E and B are the electric and magnetic field vectors.
As E and B fields are coupled, it would be misleading to split this expression into "electric" and "magnetic" contributions. However, in the steady-state case, the fields are no longer coupled (see Maxwell's equations). It makes sense in that case to compute the electrostatic energy per unit volume:
u E S = 1 2 ε | E | 2 , {\displaystyle u_{ES}={\frac {1}{2}}\varepsilon |\mathbf {E} |^{2}\,,}
The total energy U stored in the electric field in a given volume V is therefore
U E S = 1 2 ε ∫ V | E | 2 d V , {\displaystyle U_{ES}={\frac {1}{2}}\varepsilon \int _{V}|\mathbf {E} |^{2}\,\mathrm {d} V\,,}
Further extensions[edit]
Definitive equation of vector fields[edit]
See also: Defining equation (physics) and List of electromagnetism equations
In the presence of matter, it is helpful to extend the notion of the electric field into three vector fields:[14]
D = ε 0 E + P {\displaystyle \mathbf {D} =\varepsilon _{0}\mathbf {E} +\mathbf {P} \!}
where P is the electric polarization – the volume density of electric dipole moments, and D is the electric displacement field. Since E and P are defined separately, this equation can be used to define D. The physical interpretation of D is not as clear as E (effectively the field applied to the material) or P (induced field due to the dipoles in the material), but still serves as a convenient mathematical simplification, since Maxwell's equations can be simplified in terms of free charges and currents.
Constitutive relation[edit]
Main article: Constitutive equation
The E and D fields are related by the permittivity of the material, ε.[15][14]
For linear, homogeneous, isotropic materials E and D are proportional and constant throughout the region, there is no position dependence: For inhomogeneous materials, there is a position dependence throughout the material:
D ( r ) = ε E ( r ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {D(r)} =\varepsilon \mathbf {E(r)} }
For anisotropic materials the E and D fields are not parallel, and so E and D are related by the permittivity tensor (a 2nd order tensor field), in component form:
D i = ε i j E j {\displaystyle D_{i}=\varepsilon _{ij}E_{j}}
For non-linear media, E and D are not proportional. Materials can have varying extents of linearity, homogeneity and isotropy.
See also[edit]
Classical electromagnetism
Field strength
Signal strength in telecommunications
Magnetism
Teltron tube
Teledeltos, a conductive paper that may be used as a simple analog computer for modelling fields
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Purcell and Morin, Harvard University. (2013). Electricity and Magnetism, 820pages (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York. ISBN 978-1-107-01402-2.
Jump up ^ Browne, p 225: "... around every charge there is an aura that fills all space. This aura is the electric field due to the charge. The electric field is a vector field... and has a magnitude and direction."
Jump up ^ Richard Feynman (1970). The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 978-0-201-02115-8.
Jump up ^ Purcell, Edward (2011). Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9, 15–16. ISBN 1139503553.
^ Jump up to: a b Serway, Raymond A.; Vuille, Chris (2014). College Physics, 10th Ed. Cengage Learning. pp. 532–533. ISBN 1305142829.
Jump up ^ Purcell (2011) Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd Ed., p. 20-21
Jump up ^ Purcell, p 25: "Gauss's Law: the flux of the electric field E through any closed surface... equals 1/e times the total charge enclosed by the surface."
Jump up ^ Purcell, p 356: "Faraday's Law of Induction."
Jump up ^ Purcell, p7: "... the interaction between electric charges at rest is described by Coulomb's Law: two stationary electric charges repel or attract each other with a force proportional to the product of the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Jump up ^ Purcell, p5-7.
Jump up ^ gwrowe (8 October 2011). "Curl & Potential in Electrostatics". physicspages.com. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Huray, Paul G. (2009). Maxwell's Equations. Wiley-IEEE. p. 205. ISBN 0-470-54276-4.
Jump up ^ Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd Edition), D.J. Griffiths, Pearson Education, Dorling Kindersley, 2007, ISBN 81-7758-293-3
^ Jump up to: a b Electromagnetism (2nd Edition), I.S. Grant, W.R. Phillips, Manchester Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 978-0-471-92712-9
Jump up ^ Electricity and Modern Physics (2nd Edition), G.A.G. Bennet, Edward Arnold (UK), 1974, ISBN 0-7131-2459-8
* Purcell, Edward; Morin, David (2010). ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press, New York. ISBN 978-1-107-01402-2. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) * Browne, Michael (2011). PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill, Schaum, New York. ISBN 978-0-07-161399-6.

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric field.
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Electric field in "Electricity and Magnetism", R Nave – Hyperphysics, Georgia State University
'Gauss's Law' – Chapter 24 of Frank Wolfs's lectures at University of Rochester
'The Electric Field' – Chapter 23 of Frank Wolfs's lectures at University of Rochester
MovingCharge.html – An applet that shows the electric field of a moving point charge
Fields – a chapter from an online textbook
Learning by Simulations Interactive simulation of an electric field of up to four point charges
Java simulations of electrostatics in 2-D and 3-D
Interactive Flash simulation picturing the electric field of user-defined or preselected sets of point charges by field vectors, field lines, or equipotential lines. Author: David Chappell
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Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the TV special. For the book, see How the Grinch Stole Christmas! For the 2000 film, see Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film). For the musical, see Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical. For the 2018 film, see How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2018 film). For other uses, see How the Grinch Stole Christmas (disambiguation).
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
Print advertisement
Based on
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
by Dr. Seuss
Directed by
Chuck Jones
Starring
Boris Karloff
Uncredited:
June Foray
Thurl Ravenscroft
Narrated by
Boris Karloff
Theme music composer
Albert Hague
Eugene Poddany
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Producer(s)
Chuck Jones
Ted Geisel
Production company(s)
Cat in the Hat Productions
MGM Television
Budget
$315,000[1]
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
December 18, 1966 (1966-12-18)
Chronology
Followed by
Halloween Is Grinch Night
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! is a 1966 Christmas animated television special directed by Chuck Jones. It is based on the eponymous children's book by Dr. Seuss, the story of the Grinch trying to take away Christmas from the townsfolk of Whoville below his mountain hideaway. Originally telecast in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966, it went on to become a perennial holiday special. Directed by Chuck Jones, it features the voice of Boris Karloff.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 Home video releases
5 Soundtrack
6 Sequels
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
The Grinch (voiced by Boris Karloff) is the film's main character. He lives in a cave atop Mt. Crumpit, located above the village of Whoville. The Grinch is a surly character with a heart "two sizes too small" who has especially hated Christmas for 53 years. On Christmas Eve, he finally becomes fed up with seeing the decorations and hearing all the music and caroling in the village and wishes he could stop Christmas Day from coming to Whoville. When he sees his dog, Max, with snow all over his face in the shape of a beard, he decides to disguise himself as Santa Claus and steal Christmas.
The Grinch makes himself a Santa coat and hat and disguises the innocent Max as a reindeer. He loads empty bags onto a sleigh and travels to Whoville with some difficulty. In the first house he is almost caught by Cindy Lou Who (voiced by an uncredited June Foray[2]), a small Who girl who wakes up and sees him taking the Christmas tree. Pretending to be Santa, the Grinch tells Cindy Lou that he is merely taking the tree to his workshop for repairs, and then gets her a drink before sending her back to bed. He empties the first house of all the food and Christmas-related items, namely presents, trees, mistletoes, and even the stockings on the chimney, then repeats the process at the other houses in Whoville, while also taking the village decorations.
With the Whos' stolen Christmas goods, the Grinch and Max travel back up Mt. Crumpit. Before dropping the loaded sleigh off the mountain, the Grinch waits to hear a sad cry from the Whos. However, down in the village, the Whos joyously begin to sing Christmas carols, proving that the spirit of Christmas does not depend on material things. The Grinch begins to understand the true meaning of Christmas, though he barely does so in time to prevent the stolen treats from going over the cliff and while he tries to stop the sleigh from falling off, his heart grows three sizes—granting him "the strength of ten Grinches, plus two!", which he needs to lift up the sleigh. He brings everything back to the Whos and participates in the holiday feast. He is given the honor of carving the roast beast, while Max gets the first slice for himself for all his troubles.
Production[edit]
Director Chuck Jones and children's-book author Ted Geisel (Dr. Seuss) had worked together on the Private Snafu training cartoons at Warner Bros. Cartoons during World War II.[3] How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was produced by The Cat in the Hat Productions in association with the television and animation divisions of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios.
The half-hour (with commercials) short was originally telecast in the United States on CBS on December 18, 1966.[3] CBS repeated it annually during the Christmas season until 1988.[4] It was then aired on various other networks multiple times a season. In the 1990s and 2000s, it was primarily seen on Turner-owned properties (TBS, TNT, and Cartoon Network), and later ABC and ABC Family. On August 13, 2015, NBC announced that the special would move to that network, which would air it twice during the Christmas season under a three-year licensing deal with Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution.[5]
Reception[edit]
The special was released in the midst of a wave of animated holiday specials, many of which (such as 1964's Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and 1965's A Charlie Brown Christmas) went on to become regarded as classics. Compared to this stiff competition, it received modestly positive reviews at the time it was released. Critic Rick Du Brow said it was "probably as good as most of the other holiday cartoons."[6] It has since been recognized as a classic, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 100% "fresh" rating on its website.[7] The special continues to be popular in Nielsen Ratings, with its 2010 airing (the last of many times it had aired that year) winning its time slot among persons 18 to 49 and finishing second in overall viewers.[8] TV Guide ranked the special No. 1 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list.[9]
Home video releases[edit]
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was released to VHS and Betamax by MGM/UA Home Video in 1986, and was reissued several times. The special was first released to the VHS and DVD formats in 1999 and 2000 by Warner Home Video, which acquired the rights to the MGM library in the late 1990s. The DVD release featured another Seuss-based special, Horton Hears a Who!, and contained an audio commentary by Phil Roman and June Foray, interviews with Albert Hague and Thurl Ravenscroft, and the "Special Edition" documentary which aired alongside the special on TNT in 1994. The DVD was well-received for these bonus features, but also criticized for its sub-par picture quality; many critics pointed out that the Grinch looked yellow, not green, in this release.[10]
The special was re-released on DVD in 2006 and labeled as a "50th Birthday Deluxe Edition". That labeling refers to the 1957 date of the book's publication rather than to the date of the 1966 TV special. This DVD release featured a new retrospective featurette and contained all the bonus features from the previous release, except for the audio commentary, and the Grinch was restored to his original green color.[11] This edition is also available as part of the four-disc Classic Christmas Favorites box set. The special was again re-released on DVD with Phil Roman's and June Foray's audio commentary replacing the Horton Hears a Who! bonus special. The special was released on high definition Blu-ray Disc in 2009 with the title changed to Dr. Seuss’ How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. It contained all the bonus features from the 2000 DVD, except for Horton Hears a Who!, and also included a DVD of the special and a Digital Copy.[12]
Soundtrack[edit]
The special includes, nearly verbatim, the entire text of the original book, with a few embellishments. To pad the special to a full time slot, several animated sequences and musical numbers were added. Three songs with lyrics were among the additions: "Welcome Christmas," "Trim up the Tree" and "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch." The last of these was performed by Thurl Ravenscroft; the other two were performed by a chorus representing the voices of the Whos; none of the vocalists were credited at the time.
On December 18, 1966, MGM released a soundtrack LP in conjunction with the television special. CD releases include albums produced by Island (1995) and Mercury Records. In the recorded version, Boris Karloff does all voices including Cindy Lou Who. The song "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch", which comically describes the level of the Grinch's despicable nature, includes all verses with their original rhyming lyrics and the isolated song tracks have different durations due to being re-recorded.[citation needed]
On October 5, 1999, Rhino Entertainment released a new CD soundtrack (which included the soundtrack for another Dr. Seuss cartoon, Horton Hears a Who). Both story collections contain selected dialogue and music numbers. The "isolated music tracks" in this edition are taken directly from the television soundtrack and are not the re-recorded tracks from earlier versions. The dialogues are the originals, being voiced by Boris Karloff for "Grinch" and Hans Conried for "Horton."
Because Thurl Ravenscroft was not credited in the closing credits of the 1966 television special as singing the song "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch",[2] it is sometimes attributed to Boris Karloff. After becoming aware of this oversight, Seuss himself called Ravenscroft and apologized profusely and later wrote letters to columnists nationwide telling them that it was Ravenscroft who provided vocals for the musical number.[citation needed] Karloff received a Grammy Award in the Spoken Word category—the only major performing award of his career—for the album.[13]
Sequels[edit]
A television special called Halloween Is Grinch Night, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, aired on ABC in 1977, eleven years after the Christmas special. This special involved a tale of the Grinch coming down to scare the Whos every Halloween. Though less successful than the original, it was awarded an Emmy.[14] A later cartoon, The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (alternately titled The Cat in the Hat Gets Grinched), aired on ABC in 1982. Though credited to DePatie-Freleng, it was produced by Marvel Productions, which had taken over DePatie-Freleng in 1981.
See also[edit]
Grammy Award for Best Album for Children
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stephen Jacobs, Boris Karloff: More Than a Monster, Tomohawk Press 2011 p. 478
^ Jump up to: a b McCracken, Elizabeth (December 25, 2005). "Our Cereal Hero". New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Grinch at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE / Lee Margulies". latimes.com. November 27, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "‘How The Grinch Stole Christmas’ Animated Special Moves To NBC – TCA". Deadline.com. August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rick Du Brow (December 19, 1966). "Christmas 'Theft' A Charming Hour". Beaver County Times. Retrieved Dec 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "How the Grinch Stole Christmas". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved Dec 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ TV ratings: CBS reruns dominate, ABC's double-'Grinch' wins demo. Zap2It. Retrieved Dec 26, 2010,.
Jump up ^ TV Guide Guide to TV. Barnes and Noble. 2004. p. 574. ISBN 0-7607-5634-1.
Jump up ^ "DVD Movie Guide: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas/Horton Hears A Who!: Special Edition (1966) review". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved Dec 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DVD Movie Guide: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas/Horton Hears A Who!: 50th Birthday Deluxe Edition (1966) review". Dvdmg.com. Retrieved Dec 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "WHV Press Release: Seasonal Family Classics Combo Packs (Blu-ray)". Hometheaterforum.com. July 14, 2009. Retrieved Dec 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Boris Karloff (British actor) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. 2014-03-18. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
Jump up ^ "Primetime Emmy® Award Database | Emmys.com". Cdn.emmys.tv. Retrieved Dec 15, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! on IMDb
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! at The Big Cartoon DataBase
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! at Rotten Tomatoes
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On Beyond Zebra!
If I Ran the Circus
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories
Happy Birthday to You!
Green Eggs and Ham
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
The Sneetches and Other Stories
Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book
Dr. Seuss's ABC
Fox in Socks
Hop on Pop
I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew
Come over to My House 1
The Foot Book
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises!
The Lorax
Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!
Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?
Wacky Wednesday 1
Great Day for Up!
Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Oh Say Can You Say?
The Butter Battle Book
You're Only Old Once!
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!
Oh, the Places You'll Go!
There's a Wocket in My Pocket
I Wish That I Had Duck Feet 1
Daisy-Head Mayzie 2
My Many Colored Days 2
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! 2
The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories 2
Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories 2
What Pet Should I Get? 2
Adaptations
Television
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (1956–57)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
The Lorax (1972)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977)
Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Butter Battle Book (1989)
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
Daisy-Head Mayzie (1995)
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss (1996–98)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (2005–07)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present)
Green Eggs and Ham (2018)
Film
Horton Hatches the Egg (short; 1942)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (short; 1950)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Horton Hears a Who! (2008)
The Lorax (2012)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2018)
Other media
Welcome (Russian short film)
Seussical (musical)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical
The Grinch (video game)
Dr. Seuss: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (video game)
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (song)
The Lorax (play)
Other works
Private Snafu
The Pocket Book of Boners
Your Job in Germany
Our Job in Japan
Design for Death
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T
Hejji
Society of Red Tape Cutters
Flit
Related
A Fish out of Water
Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum
Beginner Books
Dr. Seuss Goes to War
The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss National Memorial
Geisel Award
Geisel Library
Geisel School of Medicine
Helen Palmer Geisel
PM
Political messages of Dr. Seuss
Read Across America
Seuss Landing
1 as "Theo. LeSieg". 2 Posthumous.
[show]
v
t
e
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
Characters
Grinch
Book
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957)
Music
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (1966)
Adaptations
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966, TV special)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977, TV special)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982, TV special)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical (1994)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 live action film)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2018 animated film)
Related
Dr. Seuss Memorial
[show]
v
t
e
Chuck Jones
Short
subjects
The Night Watchman (1938)
Robin Hood Makes Good (1939)
Prest-O Change-O (1939)
Daffy Duck and the Dinosaur (1939)
Naughty but Mice (1939)
Elmer's Candid Camera (1940)
Joe Glow, the Firefly (1941)
Conrad the Sailor (1942)
The Draft Horse (1942)
Fox Pop (1942)
The Dover Boys at Pimento University, or The Rivals of Roquefort Hall (1942)
My Favorite Duck (1942)
Case of the Missing Hare (1942)
To Duck or Not to Duck (1943)
Flop Goes the Weasel (1943)
Fin'n Catty (1943)
The Weakly Reporter (1944)
Angel Puss (1944)
Hell-Bent for Election (1944)
Odor-able Kitty (1945)
Fresh Airedale (1945)
Hare Tonic (1945)
Hair-Raising Hare (1946)
Fair and Worm-er (1946)
A Pest in the House (1947)
Little Orphan Airedale (1947)
A Feather in His Hare (1948)
What's Brewin', Bruin? (1948)
Rabbit Punch (1948)
Haredevil Hare (1948)
You Were Never Duckier (1948)
Daffy Dilly (1948)
My Bunny Lies over the Sea (1948)
Scaredy Cat (1948)
Long-Haired Hare (1949)
For Scent-imental Reasons (1949)
Fast and Furry-ous (1949)
So Much for So Little (1949)
Awful Orphan (1949)
Bear Feat (1949)
Rabbit Hood (1949)
Often an Orphan (1949)
The Ducksters (1950)
Dog Gone South (1950)
8 Ball Bunny (1950)
The Hypo-Chondri-Cat (1950)
Homeless Hare (1950)
The Scarlet Pumpernickel (1950)
Caveman Inki (1950)
Rabbit of Seville (1950)
The "Hunting Trilogy"
Rabbit Fire (1951)
Rabbit Seasoning (1952)
Duck! Rabbit, Duck! (1953)
Bunny Hugged (1951)
Feed the Kitty (1952)
Water, Water Every Hare (1952)
The Hasty Hare (1952)
Duck Amuck (1953)
Much Ado About Nutting (1953)
Wild Over You (1953)
Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century (1953)
Bully for Bugs (1953)
Lumber Jack-Rabbit (1953)
Punch Trunk (1953)
No Barking (1954)
Sheep Ahoy (1954)
Feline Frame-Up (1954)
Baby Buggy Bunny (1954)
One Froggy Evening (1955)
Double or Mutton (1955)
Rabbit Rampage (1955)
Heaven Scent (1955)
Rocket-bye Baby (1956)
Ali Baba Bunny (1957)
What's Opera, Doc? (1957)
Scrambled Aches (1957)
Zoom and Bored (1957)
Robin Hood Daffy (1958)
Hare-Way to the Stars (1958)
Hook, Line and Stinker (1958)
Hip Hip-Hurry! (1958)
Hot-Rod and Reel! (1959)
Wild About Hurry (1959)
Fastest with the Mostest (1960)
Hopalong Casualty (1960)
Who Scent You? {1960)
Rabbit's Feat (1960)
High Note (1960)
Ready, Woolen and Able (1960)
Compressed Hare (1961)
Zip 'N Snort (1961)
Lickety-Splat (1961)
Beep Prepared (1961)
Now Hear This (1962)
Zoom at the Top (1962)
A Sheep in the Deep (1962)
Hare-Breadth Hurry (1963)
Transylvania 6-5000 (1963)
To Beep or Not to Beep (1963)
Tom and Jerry (cartoon shorts, 1963–1967)
War and Pieces (1964)
The Dot and the Line (1965)
The Bear That Wasn't (1967)
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Bunny (1980)
Spaced Out Bunny (1980)
Soup or Sonic (1980)
Chariots of Fur (1994)
Another Froggy Evening (1995)
Superior Duck (1996)
From Hare to Eternity (1997)
Television
specials
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
The Pogo Special Birthday Special (1969)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971, producer)
The Cricket in Times Square (1973)
A Very Merry Cricket (1973)
Yankee Doodle Cricket (1975)
The White Seal (1975)
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (1975)
Mowgli's Brothers (1976)
Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals (1976)
Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Great Santa Claus Caper (1978)
Raggedy Ann and Andy in The Pumpkin Who Couldn't Smile (1979)
Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales (1979)
Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over (1980)
A Chipmunk Christmas (1981)
Feature films
Gay Purr-ee (1962, screenplay)
The Phantom Tollbooth (1970)
The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979)
Books
Daffy Duck for President (1997)
Comics
Crawford (1977–1978)
Characters
Bugs Bunny
Charlie Dog
Claude Cat
Daffy Duck
Elmer Fudd
Gossamer
Hubie and Bertie
Marc Antony and Pussyfoot
Marvin the Martian
Michigan J. Frog
Pepé Le Pew
Porky Pig
Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog
Sniffles
The Three Bears
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
Other works
Chuck Amuck: The Movie
Chuck Jones: Extremes & Inbetweens – A Life in Animation
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dr._Seuss%27_How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas!_(TV_special)&oldid=808420857"
Categories:
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CBS television specials
1966 television specials
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Christmas television specials
Musical television specials
Screenplays by Dr. Seuss
Television programs based on works by Dr. Seuss
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text:
You Don't Know Women
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
You Don't Know Women
Promotional poster
Also known as
Don't Know Her
Conditions of Happiness
Genre
Drama
Romance
Family
Written by
Kim Young-in
Directed by
Bae Tae-sup
Starring
Kim Ji-ho
Go Se-won
Im Ho
Country of origin
South Korea
Original language(s)
Korean
No. of episodes
109
Production
Producer(s)
Oh Se-kang
Production location(s)
Korea
Running time
Mondays to Fridays at 08:40 (KST)
Release
Original network
Seoul Broadcasting System
Picture format
HD
First shown in
South Korea
Original release
2 August (2010-08-02) – 31 December 2010 (2010-12-31)
Chronology
Preceded by
Daring Women
Followed by
War of the Roses
External links
SBS official website
You Don't Know Women (Hangul: 여자를 몰라; RR: Yeojadeul Molra) is a television drama series from South Korea starring Kim Ji-ho, Go Se-won and Im Ho.[1] The morning soap opera aired on SBS on Mondays to Fridays at 8:40 a.m. from August 2 to December 31, 2010 for 109 episodes.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The story about a single mother named Lee Min-jung (Kim Ji-ho) who was pregnant after her husband's love affair and grew into a person who easily believed others and treated them with kindness.
Cast[edit]
Lee family
Kim Ji-ho as Lee Min-jung
Lee Kyung-jin as Han Pyung-ja
Goo Seung-hyun as Lee Sa-rang (Min-jung's son)
Park family
Go Se-won as Park Moo-hyuk
Gi Ju-bong as President Park
Kang family
Im Ho as Kang Sung-chan
Chae Min-seo Oh Yoo-ran
Moon Ji-in as Oh Kyung-ran
Im Ye-jin as Jang Geum-sook
Lee Jung-gil as Kang Gyo-jang
Extended cast
Jung Kyung-soon as Go Mi-ae
Park Jung-woo as Ma Kang-soo
Baek Seung-hyeon as Kim Jin-woo
Park Sun-joon as Jin Sung-mo
Park Young-jin as Joo Ki-ja
Ji Yoo as Jang Eun-young
Son Jung-min
Kim Ga-eun
See also[edit]
List of South Korean television series
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cho, Bum-ja (20 October 2010). '여자를 몰라' 고세원 "아침엔 예쁨받고 저녁엔 욕먹고..". 10Asia (in Korean). Retrieved 2013-07-30.
External links[edit]
You Don't Know Women official SBS website (in Korean)
You Don't Know Women at HanCinema
hide
v
t
e
SBS's Daily dramas
2000s
Aeja's Older Sister, Minja
Temptation of Wife
Two Wives
Don't Hesitate
Wife Returns
2010-2014
Daring Women
Three Sisters
You Don't Know Women
Pure Pumpkin Flower
While You Were Sleeping
Miss Ajumma
Bride of the Sun
My Daughter the Flower
Welcome Rain to My Life
Still You
I Like You
The Birth of a Family
Your Lady
Ugly Alert
Two Women's Room
One Well-Raised Daughter
You're Only Mine
Only Love
Cheongdam-dong Scandal
Run, Jang-mi
2015-2019
Enchanting Neighbor
The Return of Hwang Geum-bok
My Mother is a Daughter-in-law
The Three Witches
Marrying My Daughter Twice
You Are a Gift
The Love is Coming
Bubbly Lovely
I'm Sorry, But I Love You
Sweet Enemy
Happy Sisters
I Am the Mother Too
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Don%27t_Know_Women&oldid=823653162"
Categories:
2010s South Korean television series
2010 South Korean television series debuts
2010 South Korean television series endings
Korean-language television programs
Seoul Broadcasting System television dramas
South Korean romance television series
Hidden categories:
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p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: 여자를 몰라 – Korean

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-You_Don_t_Know_Women rootpage-You_Don_t_Know_Women skin-vector action-view