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Transpiration
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This article is about plant transpiration. For transpiration in human and animal physiology, see Sweating and Hyperhydrosis.
Overview of transpiration:
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.
The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.
Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata
Stoma in a tomato leaf shown via colorized scanning electron microscope
The clouds in this image of the Amazon Rainforest are a result of evapotranspiration.
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation.[1] Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata, and in most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage. The stomata are bordered by guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells (together known as stomatal complex) that open and close the pore.[2] Transpiration occurs through the stomatal apertures, and can be thought of as a necessary "cost" associated with the opening of the stomata to allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from roots to shoots. Two major factors influence the rate of water flow from the soil to the roots: the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the magnitude of the pressure gradient through the soil. Both of these factors influence the rate of bulk flow of water moving from the roots to the stomatal pores in the leaves via the xylem.[3]
Mass flow of liquid water from the roots to the leaves is driven in part by capillary action, but primarily driven by water potential differences. If the water potential in the ambient air is lower than the water potential in the leaf airspace of the stomatal pore, water vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere. This movement lowers the water potential in the leaf airspace and causes evaporation of liquid water from the mesophyll cell walls. This evaporation increases the tension on the water menisci in the cell walls and decrease their radius and thus the tension that is exerted on the water in the cells. Because of the cohesive properties of water, the tension travels through the leaf cells to the leaf and stem xylem where a momentary negative pressure is created as water is pulled up the xylem from the roots.[4] In taller plants and trees, the force of gravity can only be overcome by the decrease in hydrostatic (water) pressure in the upper parts of the plants due to the diffusion of water out of stomata into the atmosphere. Water is absorbed at the roots by osmosis, and any dissolved mineral nutrients travel with it through the xylem.
The cohesion-tension theory explains how leaves pull water through the xylem. Water molecules stick together, or exhibit cohesion. As a water molecule evaporates from the surface of the leaf, it pulls on the adjacent water molecule, creating a continuous flow of water through the plant.[5]
Contents
1 Regulation
2 Cavitation
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Regulation[edit]
Plants regulate the rate of transpiration by controlling the size of the stomatal apertures. The rate of transpiration is also influenced by the evaporative demand of the atmosphere surrounding the leaf such as boundary layer conductance, humidity, temperature, wind and incident sunlight. Soil water supply and soil temperature can influence stomatal opening, and thus transpiration rate. The amount of water lost by a plant also depends on its size and the amount of water absorbed at the roots. Transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant by the leaves and young stems. Transpiration serves to evaporatively cool plants, as the evaporating water carries away heat energy due to its large latent heat of vaporization of 2260 kJ per litre.
Feature
Effect on transpiration
Number of leaves More leaves (or spines, or other photosynthesizing organs) means a bigger surface area and more stomata for gaseous exchange. This will result in greater water loss.
Number of stomata More stomata will provide more pores for transpiration.
Size of the leaf A leaf with a bigger surface area will transpire faster than a leaf with a smaller surface area.
Presence of plant cuticle A waxy cuticle is relatively impermeable to water and water vapour and reduces evaporation from the plant surface except via the stomata. A reflective cuticle will reduce solar heating and temperature rise of the leaf,[citation needed] helping to reduce the rate of evaporation. Tiny hair-like structures called trichomes on the surface of leaves also can inhibit water loss by creating a high humidity environment at the surface of leaves.[citation needed] These are some examples of the adaptations of plants for conservation of water that may be found on many xerophytes.
Light supply The rate of transpiration is controlled by stomatal aperture, and these small pores open especially for photosynthesis. While there are exceptions to this (such as night or "CAM photosynthesis"), in general a light supply will encourage open stomata.
Temperature Temperature affects the rate in two ways:
1) An increased rate of evaporation due to a temperature rise will hasten the loss of water.
2) Decreased relative humidity outside the leaf will increase the water potential gradient.
Relative humidity Drier surroundings gives a steeper water potential gradient, and so increases the rate of transpiration.
Wind In still air, water lost due to transpiration can accumulate in the form of vapor close to the leaf surface. This will reduce the rate of water loss, as the water potential gradient from inside to outside of the leaf is then slightly less. Wind blows away much of this water vapor near the leaf surface, making the potential gradient steeper and speeding up the diffusion of water molecules into the surrounding air. Even in wind, though, there may be some accumulation of water vapor in a thin boundary layer of slower moving air next to the leaf surface. The stronger the wind, the thinner this layer will tend to be, and the steeper the water potential gradient.
Water supply Water stress caused by restricted water supply from the soil may result in stomatal closure and reduce the rates of transpiration.
The effect of temperature on the transpiration rate of plants.
The effect of wind velocity on the transpiration rate of plants.
The effect of humidity on the transpiration rate of plants.
Some xerophytes will reduce the surface of their leaves during water deficiencies (left). If temperatures are cool enough and water levels are adequate the leaves expand again (right).
During a growing season, a leaf will transpire many times more water than its own weight. An acre of corn gives off about 3,000–4,000 gallons (11,400–15,100 liters) of water each day, and a large oak tree can transpire 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters) per year. The transpiration ratio is the ratio of the mass of water transpired to the mass of dry matter produced; the transpiration ratio of crops tends to fall between 200 and 1000 (i.e., crop plants transpire 200 to 1000 kg of water for every kg of dry matter produced).[6]
Transpiration rates of plants can be measured by a number of techniques, including potometers, lysimeters, porometers, photosynthesis systems and thermometric sap flow sensors. Isotope measurements indicate transpiration is the larger component of evapotranspiration.[7] Recent evidence from a global study[8] of water stable isotopes shows that transpired water is isotopically different from groundwater and streams. This suggests that soil water is not as well mixed as widely assumed.[9]
Desert plants have specially adapted structures, such as thick cuticles, reduced leaf areas, sunken stomata and hairs to reduce transpiration and conserve water. Many cacti conduct photosynthesis in succulent stems, rather than leaves, so the surface area of the shoot is very low. Many desert plants have a special type of photosynthesis, termed crassulacean acid metabolism or CAM photosynthesis, in which the stomata are closed during the day and open at night when transpiration will be lower.
Cavitation[edit]
To maintain the pressure gradient necessary for a plant to remain healthy they must continuously uptake water with their roots. They need to be able to meet the demands of water lost due to transpiration. If a plant is incapable of bringing in enough water to remain in equilibrium with transpiration an event known as cavitation occurs.[10] Cavitation is when the plant cannot supply its xylem with adequate water so instead of being filled with water the xylem begins to be filled with water vapor. These particles of water vapor come together and form blockages within the xylem of the plant. This prevents the plant from being able to transport water throughout its vascular system.[11] There is no apparent pattern of where cavitation occurs throughout the plant's xylem. If not effectively taken care of, cavitation can cause a plant to reach its permanent wilting point, and die. Therefore, the plant must have a method by which to remove this cavitation blockage, or it must create a new connection of vascular tissue throughout the plant.[12] The plant does this by closing its stomates overnight, which halts the flow of transpiration. This then allows for the roots to generate over 0.05 mPa of pressure, and that is capable of destroying the blockage and refilling the xylem with water, reconnecting the vascular system. If a plant is unable to generate enough pressure to eradicate the blockage it must prevent the blockage from spreading with the use of pit pears and then create new xylem that can re-connect the vascular system of the plant.[13]
Scientists have begun using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to monitor the internal status of the xylem during transpiration, in a non invasive manner. This method of imaging allows for scientists to visualize the movement of water throughout the entirety of the plant. It also is capable of viewing what phase the water is in while in the xylem, which makes it possible to visualize cavitation events. Scientists were able to see that over the course of 20 hours of sunlight more than 10 xylem vessels began filling with gas particles becoming cavitated. MRI technology also made is possible to view the process by which the plant was able to repair these xylem structures. After 3 hours in darkness it was seen that the plant was able to resupply its vascular tissue with liquid water. This was possible because in darkness the stomates of the plant are closed and transpiration no longer occurs. When transpiration is halted the plant can destroy the cavitation bubbles with the use of pressure generated by the roots. These observations suggest that MRI's are capable of monitoring the functional status of xylem and allows scientists to view cavitation events for the first time.[12]
See also[edit]
Antitranspirant – a substance to prevent transpiration
Eddy covariance flux (aka eddy correlation, eddy flux)
Hydrology (agriculture)
Latent heat flux
Perspiration
Soil plant atmosphere continuum
Water Evaluation And Planning system (WEAP)
Transpiration stream
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Transpiration.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sinha, Rajiv Kumar (2004-01-01). Modern Plant Physiology. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-1714-9.
Jump up ^ Benjamin Cummins (2007), Biological Science (3 ed.), Freeman, Scott, p. 215
Jump up ^ Taiz, Lincoln (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-60535-255-8.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Scott (2014). Biological Sciences. United States of America: Pearson. pp. 765–766. ISBN 978-0-321-74367-1.
Jump up ^ Graham, Linda E. (2006). Plant Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 200–202. ISBN 0-13-146906-1.
Jump up ^ Martin, J.; Leonard, W.; Stamp, D. (1976), Principles of Field Crop Production (3rd ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., ISBN 0-02-376720-0
Jump up ^ Jasechko, Scott; Sharp, Zachary D.; Gibson, John J.; Birks, S. Jean; Yi, Yi; Fawcett, Peter J. (3 April 2013). "Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration". Nature. 496 (7445): 347–50. doi:10.1038/nature11983. PMID 23552893. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (2015-09-03). "Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater and streamflow". Nature. NPG. 525 (7567): 91–94. doi:10.1038/nature14983. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26333467.
Jump up ^ Bowen, Gabriel (2015-09-03). "Hydrology: The diversified economics of soil water". Nature. 525 (7567): 43–44. doi:10.1038/525043a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26333464.
Jump up ^ Zhang, Yong-Jiang (December 2016). [www.plantphysiol.org "Reversible Leaf Xylem Collapse: A Potential "Circuit Breaker" against Cavitation"] Check |url= value (help). Plant Physiology. 172: 2261–2274 – via American Society of Plant Biologists.
Jump up ^ Hochberg, Uri (June 2017). [www.plantphysiol.org "Stomatal Closure, Basal Leaf Embolism, and Shedding Protect the Hydraulic Integrity of Grape Stems"] Check |url= value (help). Plant Physiology. 174: 764–775 – via American Society of Plant Biologists.
^ Jump up to: a b Holbrook, Michele (May 2001). "In Vivo Observation of Cavitation and Embolism Repair Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging". Plant Physiology. 126: 27–31 – via American Society of Plant Biologists.
Jump up ^ Tiaz, Lincoln (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. p. 63. ISBN 1605352551.
External links[edit]
USGS The Water Cycle: Evapotranspiration
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Britain's Got Talent
Series 11
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Ant & Dec (ITV)
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Tokio Myers
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Pianist
Runner-up
Issy Simpson
Chronology
◀
2017
▶
The eleventh series of Britain's Got Talent premiered on 15 April 2017 and concluded on 3 June 2017. Ant & Dec returned to present the main show on ITV, whilst Stephen Mulhern returned to present the spin-off show Britain's Got More Talent on ITV2. Simon Cowell and Amanda Holden returned for their eleventh series on the judging panel and Alesha Dixon as well as David Walliams returned for their sixth series. It was the first series that AO.com have sponsored the show,[1] and the first series to have its live shows be filmed at Elstree Studios,[2] following the closure of Fountain Studios.
Musician Tokio Myers was declared the winner of the series on 3 June. Magician Issy Simpson was runner-up while comedian Daliso Chaponda came third.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Changes
2 Golden buzzer
3 Auditions
4 Semi-finals
4.1 Semi-finals summary
4.1.1 Semi-final 1 (29 May)
4.1.2 Semi-final 2 (30 May)
4.1.3 Semi-final 3 (31 May)
4.1.4 Semi-final 4 (1 June)
4.1.5 Semi-final 5 (2 June)
5 Final (3 June)
6 Controversies
6.1 Professional acts
6.2 St. Patrick's Junior Choir
6.3 Most googled David Walliams question
6.4 Ned Woodman
6.5 Issy Simpson
6.6 Amanda Holden's dress
7 Reception
7.1 Ratings
8 References
Changes[edit]
Series 11 judges
Simon Cowell
Amanda Holden
Alesha Dixon
David Walliams
It was announced on 27 May 2017 on Britain's Got More Talent that for the first time in the show's 11-year history, there will be no judge vote during the live shows. This means that the two highest acts voted by the public will go through to the live final. The judges vote will be replaced by a judges' wild card, where the judges will get their own wild card to send an act through to the live final.[5]
As part of the move to Elstree Studios, the show went under a revamp of its design. The new look studio is set on Stage 1 (also known as The George Lucas Stage), which is the largest studio at Elstree Studios. The studio is much bigger and will seat more people. The seating plan is now in a semi circle shape where the audience will sit around the side and opposite the stage. The studio has a color-changing chandelier at the center of the roof, along with a LED circle screen with the Britain's Got Talent logo displayed in gold. Britain's Got More Talent also went under a revamp with the studio getting a color change. The Britain's Got More Talent studio still has the window looking onto the main studio as normal.[6]
Golden buzzer[edit]
Simon Cowell was the first to press his golden buzzer at the London Palladium; both David Walliams and Amanda Holden pressed their golden buzzers at the Birmingham auditions. Alesha Dixon pressed her golden buzzer during the Manchester auditions. Presenters Ant and Dec pressed the golden buzzer during the Blackpool auditions.[7]
Simon Cowell pressing his golden buzzer for singer Sarah Ikumu was broadcast on the series premiere on 15 April. Alesha Dixon pressed the buzzer for MerseyGirls (who were known as "Just Us" in their audition) aired in the second episode which aired on 22 April. Amanda Holden pressed the buzzer in the third episode for comedian Daliso Chaponda. Ant and Dec pressed the buzzer during the fifth episode for magician Matt Edwards. David Walliams pressed the buzzer for singer Kyle Tomlinson during the sixth episode.
For the first time in Britain's Got Talent history, all five Golden Buzzer acts qualified to the Grand Final.
Auditions[edit]
The open auditions were held from 29 October to 18 December 2016 in Peterborough, Cardiff, London, Blackpool, Edinburgh, Kingston upon Hull, Lincoln, Reading, Manchester and Luton.[8]
Judges' auditions
City
Date[9]
Venue
Blackpool 18 January 2017 The Blackpool Opera House
London 28–30 January 2017 The London Palladium
Birmingham 1–4 February 2017 Birmingham Hippodrome
Salford 9–10 February 2017 The Lowry
Semi-finals[edit]
The semi-finals ran from 29 May to 2 June 2017. As in previous years, the performance show aired from 7.30pm to 9pm, and the results show aired at 9.30pm after Coronation Street. However this year (unlike previous years) only eight acts performed in each semi-final, and there were no judges' vote; instead the two acts with the most amount of public votes in each semi-final advanced to the final.
Each results show featured a guest performance. Alfie Boe performed on 29 May, followed by Camila Cabello on 30 May. The cast of Bat Out of Hell: The Musical performed on 31 May, followed by Richard Jones on 1 June. 5 After Midnight performed on 2 June. Diversity performed during the final on 3 June.[10]
It was announced on 2 June that, due to the final being brought forward to 3 June to avoid interfering with the One Love Manchester benefit concert, Little Mix would be unable to perform.[11]
Winner
Runner-up
Third place
Finalist
Third in public vote at Semi-finalist and Eliminated
Judges' wildcard (previously eliminated act reinstated into the final by the judges)
Golden buzzer
Name of act
Age(s)
Genre
Act
Hometown
Semi-final
Result
Angelicus Celtis 12-17 Singing Choir Llanelli, Wales 4 Eliminated
Code 3 14-16 Dance Dance Trio Dartford 5 Eliminated
Daliso Chaponda 37 Comedy Stand-up comedian Manchester
(Originally From Malawi) 5 Third place
David Geaney 22 Dance Dancer Ireland 3 Eliminated
Destiny Chukunyere 14 Singing Singer Birkirkara, Malta 2 Eliminated
Dizzy Twilight 65 Variety DJ Wiltshire 2 Eliminated
DNA 29 & 43 Magic Mentalists London 1 Finalist
Empire Dance Crew 15-27 Dance Street Dance Troupe London 1 Eliminated
Grace & Ali 17 & 16 Dance Dancing Duo Hartlepool & Middlesbrough 2 Third in public vote at Semi-finalist and Eliminated
Harry Gardner 16 Singing Singer And Pianist Essex 2 Eliminated
Issy Simpson 8 Magic Magician Blackpool 2 Runner-up
Jamie Lee Harrison 24 Singing Singer Newcastle 5 Third in public vote at Semi-finalist and Eliminated
Jay Wynn 36 Singing Singing Robot Gloucester 3 Eliminated
Jess Robinson 34 Comedy Impressionist London 5 Eliminated
John Parnell 63 Variety Hula-Hoop Artist Nuneaton 4 Eliminated
Jonny Awsum 39 Singing Comic Singer Croydon 4 Eliminated
Josephine Lee 30 Magic Illusionist London 3 Eliminated
Kyle Tomlinson 15 Singing Singer Sheffield 1 Finalist
Leah Barniville 14 Singing Classical Singer Ireland 2 Eliminated
London School of Bollywood 18-27 Dance Bollywood Dance Troupe London 3 Eliminated
Lords Of Strut 35 & 36 Dance Comic Dance Duo Cork 5 Eliminated
Martin & Faye 47 & 10 Singing Singing Duo Warrington 3 Eliminated
Matt Edwards 34 Magic Comic Magician Suffolk 2 Finalist
MerseyGirls 14-17 Dance Dance Group Wirral 4 Finalist
Miss Treat Vibe 19-24 Singing Girl Group Sheffield, South London, Swindon, Birmingham 1 Third in public vote at Semi-finalist and Eliminated
Missing People Choir 32-71 Singing Choir London 5 Finalist
Ned Woodman 9 Comedy Stand-up Comedian Maidstone 3 Finalist
Niels Harder 26 Magic Comic Magician Amsterdam, Netherlands 1 Eliminated
Paws With Soul 24-29 Dance Dance Troupe London 4 Eliminated
PC Dan 33 Dance Dancer Kingston 1 Eliminated
Perfect Pitch Creation 8-14 Singing Choir Derbyshire 5 Eliminated
Reuben Gray 16 Singing Singer And Guitarist Surrey 4 Third in public vote at Semi-finalist and Eliminated
Ryan Tracey 35 Variety Balloonist Omagh 4 Eliminated
Sarah Ikumu 16 Singing Singer Milton Keynes 3 Finalist judges' wildcard
St. Patrick's Junior Choir Drumgreenagh 8-12 Singing Choir Rathfriland 1 Eliminated
TapTastik 19-62 Dance Tap Dance Troupe Brighton 2 Eliminated
The Pensionalities 84 & 75 Singing Singing Duo Doncaster 4 Finalist
TNG Characters 16-25 Dance Dance Troupe West London 5 Eliminated
Tokio Myers 32 Music Pianist/Drummer/Remixer London 3 Winner
Tyrone & Mina 36 & 35 Danger Knife Throwing Duo Argentina & Spain 1 Eliminated
Semi-finals summary[edit]
Buzzed out
Won public vote and advanced to final
Runner-up in public vote and advanced to final
Third in public vote and eliminated
Semi-final 1 (29 May)[edit]
Guest performer: Alfie Boe & Dame Vera Lynn ("We'll Meet Again")[12]
Contestant
Order
Act
Buzzes
Finished
Percentage[13]
Result
0 ! Cowell
0 ! Holden
0 ! Dixon
0 ! Walliams
St. Patrick's Junior Choir Drumgreenagh
1 Choir 4th 12.3% Eliminated
PC Dan
2 Dancer 5th 6.7% Eliminated
Niels Harder
3 Comic Magician 8th 0.9% Eliminated
Kyle Tomlinson
4 Singer 2nd 28.1% Advanced
Empire Dance Crew
5 Street Dance Troupe 7th 2.4% Eliminated
DNA
6 Mentalists 1st 32.0% Advanced
Tyrone & Mina
7 Knife Throwing Duo 6th 3.0% Eliminated
Miss Treat Vibe
8 Girl Group 3rd 14.6% Eliminated
Semi-final 2 (30 May)[edit]
Guest performer: Camila Cabello ("I Have Questions"/"Crying in the Club")[14]
Contestant
Order
Act
Buzzes
Finished
Percentage[13]
Result
0 ! Cowell
0 ! Holden
0 ! Dixon
0 ! Walliams
Destiny Chukunyere
1 Singer 6th 4.2% Eliminated
Dizzy Twilight
2 DJ 8th 1.6% Eliminated
Harry Gardner
3 Singer and Pianist 4th 12.9% Eliminated
Issy Simpson
4 Magician 1st 26.6% Advanced
Matt Edwards
5 Comic Magician 2nd 23.4% Advanced
Leah Barniville
6 Classical Singer 5th 12.1% Eliminated
Grace & Ali
7 Dancing Duo 3rd 17.3% Eliminated
TapTastik
8 Tap Dance Troupe 7th 1.9% Eliminated
Semi-final 3 (31 May)[edit]
Guest performer: The cast of Bat Out of Hell: The Musical ("I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)"/"Dead Ringer for Love")[15]
Contestant
Order
Act
Buzzes
Finished
Percentage[13]
Result
0 ! Cowell
0 ! Holden
0 ! Dixon
0 ! Walliams
Josephine Lee
1 Illusionist 4th 8.9% Eliminated
London School of Bollywood
2 Bollywood Dance Troupe 6th 4.2% Eliminated
Martin & Faye
3 Opera Duo 5th 6.2% Eliminated
Ned Woodman
4 Stand-up Comedian 2nd 21.8% Advanced
Jay Wynn
5 Singing Robot 8th 1.3% Eliminated
Sarah Ikumu
6 Singer 3rd 16.8% Advanced (Wildcard)
David Geaney
7 Dancer 7th 4.1% Eliminated
Tokio Myers
8 Pianist 1st 36.7% Advanced
Semi-final 4 (1 June)[edit]
Guest performer: Richard Jones[10]
Contestant
Order
Act
Buzzes
Finished
Percentage[13]
Result
0 ! Cowell
0 ! Holden
0 ! Dixon
0 ! Walliams
Paws With Soul
1 Dance Troupe 7th 2.6% Eliminated
Angelicus Celtis
2 Operatic Choir 5th 7.5% Eliminated
John Parnell
3 Hula-Hoop Artist 1 8th 2.5% Eliminated
Reuben Gray
4 Singer And Guitarist 3rd 11.5% Eliminated
Ryan Tracey
5 Balloonist 6th 2.8% Eliminated
The Pensionalities
6 Singing Duo 1st 33.0% Advanced
Jonny Awsum
7 Comic Singer 4th 10.5% Eliminated
MerseyGirls
8 Dance Group 2nd 29.6% Advanced
^1 Cowell removed his buzzer after Parnell's performance.
Semi-final 5 (2 June)[edit]
Guest performer: 5 After Midnight ("Up In Here")[16]
Contestant
Order
Act
Buzzes
Finished
Percentage[13]
Result
0 ! Cowell
0 ! Holden
0 ! Dixon
0 ! Walliams
Jess Robinson
1 Impressionist 5th 7.7% Eliminated
Perfect Pitch Creation
2 Choir 7th 4.7% Eliminated
Code 3
3 Dance Trio 8th 3.7% Eliminated
Daliso Chaponda
4 Stand-up Comedian 1st 41.1% Advanced
Missing People Choir
5 Choir 2nd 13.0% Advanced
TNG Characters
6 Dance Troupe 6th 5.8% Eliminated
Jamie Lee Harrison
7 Singer 3rd 12.8% Eliminated
Lords of Strut
8 Comic Dance Duo 4th 11.2% Eliminated
Final (3 June)[edit]
Main article: List of Britain's Got Talent finalists (series 11)
The final took place on 3 June[17] from 7.30pm until 10.00pm. Originally planned to take place on 4 June, the final was moved to avoid clashing with the One Love Manchester concert. Little Mix were unable to do Saturday's final due to Glory Days tour date in Amsterdam.[citation needed]
Guest performers:Diversity[10][18]
Contestant
Order
Act
Finished
Percentage[13]
The Pensionalities
1 Singing Duo 5th 6.9%
MerseyGirls
2 Dance Group 9th 5.1%
Kyle Tomlinson
3 Singer 6th 6.7%
Ned Woodman
4 Stand-up Comedian 10th 3.2%
DNA
5 Mentalists 11th 3.0%
Matt Edwards
6 Comic Magician 4th 7.9%
Missing People Choir
7 Choir 8th 5.2%
Sarah Ikumu
8 Singer 7th 5.6%
Daliso Chaponda
9 Stand-up Comedian 3rd 14.7%
Issy Simpson
10 Magician 2nd 17.5%
Tokio Myers
11 Pianist 1st 24.2%
Controversies[edit]
Professional acts[edit]
During the auditions, several acts were found to be professional, including Chinese Acrobatics Gao Lin and Liu Xin, who had already performed in China's Got Talent season 5 and inaugurated season of Asia's Got Talent where they received the golden buzzer for their performance, as well as a performer in several Chinese TV shows.[19] Another singer act Sian Pattison had been discovered to be a professionally trained singer.[20] Also Tanba from Japan, who was a magician, was also disclosed to be a professional magician in Japan. None of these acts appeared in the episode of Judges Cut or in the Top 40. Some reports said these acts were axed by Simon Cowell, as he did not want 'Second Chance Charlies'; however, this was not verified by BGT or ITV.[21]
St. Patrick's Junior Choir[edit]
When the choir first began their performance of "Roar", Ant & Dec almost immediately stopped them for technical difficulties. Viewers on Twitter and other social media websites complained, accusing the choir of miming because they were out of sync with the backing track. However, it was denied by the crew who said that it was an accident and they had played the recording of the rehearsal of the choir for the semi-final.[22]
Most googled David Walliams question[edit]
In More Talent, Stephen Mulhern had the judges play a game in which they guessed the most googled questions about them. He revealed that the most common google search question about David Walliams was "is David Walliams dating Simon Cowell", which Stephen claimed was a "verified" fact. A number of viewers took to Twitter and Facebook to accuse the show of lying, providing screenshots showing that the actual top question was "is David Walliams dead?".[23]
Ned Woodman[edit]
During his audition, child comedian Ned Woodman compared Amanda to previous act Marc Métral & Wendy, asking why everyone was "excited by the talking dog" when "Amanda Holden has been on the show for years". The comment caused outrage from a number of viewers over its "misogynist" nature.[24] During More Talent Amanda also criticized Ned's audition stating that, she doesn't like kids who "are inappropriate and say stuff that's wrong for their age", adding "He did call me a dog in his first audition, which is unacceptable, but he was brilliant tonight." She also accused him of not writing his own material, stating that she'd "like to know what jokes Ned wrote himself". She further praised his semi-final performance, describing it as less hurtful, and funny.[25]
Issy Simpson[edit]
After the audition of child magician Issy Simpson, it was revealed that her grandfather (and magic instructor) Russ Stevens, had previously been a consultant for the show to help coach magicians. In response to criticism of this connection, a spokesman for the show said Simpson went through the same audition process as any other contestant.[26][27]
Magician Carl Leek claims that her trick that ended with a T-shirt containing Cowell's image and a picked card was a "carbon copy" of a trick he had performed in an audition for the show one week before. He claims to have received four yesses, but the show chose not to air his audition. Leek said he was not criticizing Simpson herself. The show denied any copying.[28][29][30]
Amanda Holden's dress[edit]
On the fourth semi-final, judge Amanda Holden wore a dress (by designer Julien Macdonald) with a plunging neckline which revealed a large part of her chest and breasts. This was widely criticised as inappropriate for a family show.[31][32][33] During the show, fellow judge David Walliams made a joke about his colleague's risqué outfit.[34]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Episode
Air date
Duration1
Official rating
(millions)[35]2
Official rating
(millions inc. HD)[35]3
Official rating
(millions inc. HD & +1)[35]4
ITV Weekly rank[35]5
Auditions 1
000000002017-04-15-000015 April 85 8.26 10.50 11.35 1
Auditions 2
000000002017-04-22-000022 April 80 8.52 10.82 11.62 2
Auditions 3
000000002017-04-29-000029 April 80 7.89 10.13 10.79 1
Auditions 4
000000002017-05-06-00006 May 75 8.80 11.12 11.69 1
Auditions 5
000000002017-05-13-000013 May 80 8.04 10.46 10.97 1
Auditions 6
000000002017-05-20-000020 May 80 8.15 10.78 11.39 1
Auditions 7
000000002017-05-27-000027 May 80 7.84 10.13 10.69 1
Semi-final 1
000000002017-05-29-000029 May 90 7.09 9.26 9.75 2
Semi-final 1 results
30 5.45 6.91 7.19 12
Semi-final 2
000000002017-05-30-000030 May 90 5.69 7.46 7.90 10
Semi-final 2 results
30 4.64 6.13 6.44 16
Semi-final 3
000000002017-05-31-000031 May 90 6.05 7.84 8.24 8
Semi-final 3 results
30 4.95 6.45 6.78 14
Semi-final 4
000000002017-06-01-00001 June 90 5.40 7.16 7.54 11
Semi-final 4 results
30 5.20 6.73 7.09 13
Semi-final 5
000000002017-06-02-00002 June 90 5.84 7.71 8.10 9
Semi-final 5 results
30 4.74 6.21 6.51 15
Final
000000002017-06-03-00003 June 150 7.13 9.56 10.07 1
^1 Includes advert breaks
^2 The ratings over a 28-day period, including the broadcasts on ITV and streaming through ITV Hub.
^3 The ratings over a 28-day period, including the broadcasts on ITV, ITV HD and streaming through ITV Hub.
^4 The ratings over a 28-day period, including the broadcasts on ITV, ITV HD, ITV+1 and streaming through ITV Hub.
^5 The rank for the combined ITV, ITV HD and ITV+1 broadcasts, compared with all channels for that week, from Monday to Sunday.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Online electrical retailer, AO.com announces it is to sponsor Britain's Got Talent on ITV". itv. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent". Elstreestudios.co.uk. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pianist Tokio Myers is crowned the winner of Britain's Got Talent after being inspired to enter by 'big sister' Amy Winehouse... as he beats child magician Issy Simpson to nab the £250,000 prize in action-packed final". Daily Mail. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent Final winner: musician Tokio Myers triumphs - just ahead of magician Issy Simpson". The Telegraph. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent 2017 confirm brand new twist for the live shows | Britain's Got Talent 2017". TellyMix.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent's brand new live set and studio revealed | Britain's Got Talent 2017". TellyMix.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Anth, Gee (3 February 2017). "Britain's Got Talent 2017: David Walliams and Amanda Holden press their golden buzzers!". Twit Celeb Gossip. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "NEW DATES ADDED: It's audition time and we're coming to a city near YOU!". 14 October 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent 2017 auditions: Judges' audition dates, venues, tickets". TellyMix. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Little Mix, Diversity, Camila Cabello & more to perform at BGT Semi-Finals". Britain's Got Talent. itv.com. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Westbrook, Caroline (2 June 2017). "Little Mix cancel Britain's Got Talent final performance after show's switch to Saturday night". Metro. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ @AlfieBoe (27 May 2017). "@AlfieBoe: Don't miss Alfie singing Dame Vera Lynn's iconic 'We'll Meet Again' during Monday's #BGT live results show! Tune in to @ITV from 9.30pm" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Britain's Got Talent 2017 voting percentages revealed!". ITV. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
Jump up ^ @CamilaCabello (28 May 2017). "@Camila_Cabello: performing #cryinglntheclub on @BGT tuesday may 30th!!! which means my UK cuties i get to see u sooooooooon" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 May 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ @BatOutOfHell (27 May 2017). "@BatTheMusical: The rock'n'roll rumours are true...the cast of @BATtheMusical will PERFORM LIVE on Britain's Got Talent (@BGT) on Wednesday 31st May" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 May 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ @5AM (27 May 2017). "@5AfterMidnight: WE ARE COMING to @BGT on 2nd June! Can't wait to perform #UpInHere live for you guys for the first time" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 May 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent Grand Final moves to Saturday". 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Westbrook, Caroline (2 June 2017). "Little Mix cancel Britain's Got Talent final performance after show's switch to Saturday night". Metro. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Daly, Helen (26 April 2017). "Britain's Got Talent: Gao Lin and Liu Xin forced to leave competition after show blunder". Daily Express. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Lucy (1 May 2017). "Britain’s Got Talent fans fuming after Sian Pattison says she is frightened of singing in public despite having professional music experience". The Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Franklin, Lauren (27 May 2017). "Simon Cowell axes several Britain’s Got Talent performers after they’re exposed as secret professionals". The Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Kyle (29 May 2017). "Britain's Got Talent hit by cheat claims after viewers accuse school choir of miming". The Mirror. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Minn, Hayley (30 May 2017). "Stephen Mulhern accused of lying on Britain's Got More Talent about most Googled question about David Walliams". The Mirror. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Bullock, Andrew (15 April 2017). "Viewers appalled at 'disrespectful' child comic Ned Woodman's Britain's Got Talent routine slating the judges... which was 'written by his parents'". Mail Online. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Minn, Hayley (31 May 2017). "Amanda Holden accuses Ned Woodman of not writing his own jokes". The Mirror. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Britain's Got Talent: who is the unexpectedly controversial 8-year-old magician Issy Simpson?". The Telegraph. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Drayson, Gordon (30 May 2017). "Magician Issy Simpson could save Simon Cowell’s reputation". Magic Daily. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Harp, Justin (26 April 2017). "Britain's Got Talent denies magician's "false" claim that 8-year-old Issy Simpson copied his trick". Digital Spy. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Percival, Ash (27 April 2017). "‘Britain’s Got Talent’ Shut Down False Claims Magician Issy Simpson ‘Copied’ Trick". Huffington Post UK. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Emery, Dawn (27 April 2017). "Britain's Got Talent denies claims that a contestant stole star act". Entertainment Daily. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Minn, Hayley (1 June 2017). "'It's a family show!' Amanda Holden blasted for VERY revealing dress on Britain's Got Talent". The Mirror. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Kavanagh, Joanne (1 June 2017). "Amanda Holden wins BGT’s dress war as she ditches her underwear AGAIN to wear her sexiest outfit yet". The Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Harris, Niomi (1 June 2017). "Amanda Holden slammed over her ‘INAPPROPRIATE’ dress as viewers deem it too revealing for a family show". OK Magazine. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Debnath, Neela (1 June 2017). "David Walliams SWIPES at Amanda Holden’s racy outfit". The Express. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Weekly Viewing Summary (see relevant week under)". BARB. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
[show]
v
t
e
Britain's Got Talent
Episodes
Series
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3
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7
8
9
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Winners
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Attraction
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Black Maria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Look up Black Maria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Black Maria may refer to:
Black Maria, a slang term for a police van used to transport prisoners, originally these were horse drawn and so could take some time to arrive at a crime scene. “Black Maria” was a famous racehorse of the day, born in Harlem USA in 1826. The name was sardonically applied to the police carriages (which were also usually colored black).
Black Maria, the name of the truck that stops to aid the lone survivor in the film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.
Edison's Black Maria, a film studio created by Thomas Edison
Contents
1 Music
2 Art and literature
3 Transportation
4 Other
5 See also
Music[edit]
The Black Maria, a Canadian rock band
"Black Maria", a song by Todd Rundgren from the 1972 album Something/Anything?
"Big Black Mariah", a song by Tom Waits from the 1985 album Rain Dogs
Art and literature[edit]
Black Maria, an anthology of drawings by Charles Addams
Black Maria, a 1991 novel by Diana Wynne Jones
Black Maria, a book of poetry by Kevin Young
Black Maria, a character in the book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test by Tom Wolfe
Black Mariah (comics), a character in the Luke Cage comics series
The Black Maria, a book of poetry by Whiting Award winner Aracelis Girmay
Transportation[edit]
ALCO DL-202-2 and DL-203-2, experimental diesel-electric locomotives known informally as the Black Maria
"Black Maria", the first parking meter
Black Maria (IFF), a fighter aircraft IFF (identification friend or foe) interrogator
Black Maria, the airplane flown by Canadian World War I ace Raymond Collishaw
Black Maria (horse), an American racehorse
Other[edit]
Hearts (card game), a card game also known as Black Maria
See also[edit]
Maria (disambiguation)
Black (disambiguation)
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Black Maria.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Maria&oldid=849153237"
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Sam Claflin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sam Claflin
Claflin at the London premiere of The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 in November 2014
Born
Samuel George Claflin
(1986-06-27) 27 June 1986 (age 31)
Ipswich, Suffolk, England
Residence
Chiswick, London, England
Education
Costessey High School
Norwich City College
Alma mater
London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Occupation
Actor
Years active
2010–present
Home town
Norwich, Norfolk, England
Spouse(s)
Laura Haddock (m. 2013)
Children
1
Samuel George Claflin (born 27 June 1986) is an English actor. He is known for portraying Finnick Odair in The Hunger Games film series, Philip Swift in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, Will Traynor in Me Before You, Alex in “Love Rosie”
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Sam Claflin was born in Ipswich, Suffolk,[1] the third of four sons of Mark, a finance officer, and Sue Claflin, a classroom assistant. He has two older brothers, Benjamin and Daniel, and a younger brother, Joseph (born 1989), who is also an actor.[2][3] He grew up in Norwich, Norfolk. As a child, he had an interest in football. He played throughout his childhood until he broke his ankle, an injury that he felt would prevent him from playing professionally. After some persuasion from his parents and a teacher with whom he'd made an impression during his high school play at Costessey High School, he pursued acting.[1][4] He was a member of the Norwich City School of Excellence.[5] In 2003, he took up Performing Arts at Norwich City College,[4] before going on to attend the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2009.[6]
Career[edit]
Claflin at the Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides premiere in May 2011
Claflin made his acting debut in 2010, when he appeared in two television miniseries—in The Pillars of the Earth as Richard and in Any Human Heart as young Logan Mountstuart. In March 2011, he was cast as Thomas in Seventh Son, a film adaptation of The Spook's Apprentice,[7] but dropped for unknown reasons and was replaced by Ben Barnes.[8] His next appearance came in April 2011, when he portrayed footballer Duncan Edwards in the BBC TV drama United, which was centred on the events of the 1958 Munich air disaster, in which Edwards was fatally injured.
In April 2010, he was cast as Phillip Swift, a missionary that falls in love with the mermaid Syrena (portrayed by Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey), in 2011's Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, the fourth instalment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. For the film, he received a nomination in the 17th Empire Awards for "Best Male Newcomer."[9] In 2012, he appeared as Jack in the six-episode miniseries White Heat. Later that year, he played a supporting role in the 2012 film Snow White and the Huntsman, as William, Snow White's childhood friend. He received a nomination in the 2012 Teen Choice Awards for the category "Best Movie Breakout." Also in 2012, he was cast in the lead role in Hammer Films' The Quiet Ones, which was filmed in mid-2013 and was released in April 2014.[10]
On 22 August 2012, Lionsgate announced that Claflin had been cast as Finnick Odair in The Hunger Games film series, starting with The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.[11][12] Director of Catching Fire, Francis Lawrence, stated of Claflin's performance during filming: "Finnick's an interesting character. At first he feels like a bit of a flirt and there's a little bit of sexual tension, but really you kind of fall in love with the guy and you see that there's a real deep emotional side to him. It's one of the reasons I really hired him in the first place was that it's where his character goes in the next couple of stories and I just think he did a fantastic job."[13] The film was released in November 2013 to general acclaim and Claflin's portrayal of Finnick received positive reviews.[14][15] Claflin reprised the role in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, released in November 2014, and Part 2, released in November 2015.[16]
In February 2013, it was announced that Claflin was cast as Alex in the film adaptation of Cecelia Ahern's novel Where Rainbows End, distributed as Love, Rosie in some territories.[17] The following month, he starred in the TV film Mary and Martha as Ben, which was broadcast by BBC One.[18] He received critical acclaim for his role as Oxford University student Alistair Ryle in the British dramatic thriller The Riot Club with Charlotte O'Sullivan of the London Evening Standard saying "Claflin captures his character's vitriol very well" and Laura Dibdin of Digital Spy saying "Claflin brings intrigue and vulnerability to offset the sense of entitlement thus making Alistair the film's most fascinating character".
In 2016, Claflin reprised his role as William, Snow White's childhood friend, in several scenes of the sequel The Huntsman: Winter's War. The same year, he starred in Me Before You, the film adaptation of the novel of the same name, in which he played William Traynor.[19][20]
Personal life[edit]
In 2011, Claflin started dating actress Laura Haddock.[21] In a 2012 interview, he said of Haddock, "She's my female counterpart is the best way to describe her. She is my mum. She reminds me of my mum so much which I think - a guy will know, right? It's important. Your mum knows like everything." Claflin states that, after he first met her, he called his agent to exclaim that he had just met the woman he wanted to marry. The two married in July 2013 in a private ceremony.[22][23] They live in Chiswick, London.[24] Haddock gave birth to their first child, a son, on 10 December 2015.[25]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2011 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Philip Swift
2012 Snow White and the Huntsman William
2013 Hunger Games: Catching Fire, TheThe Hunger Games: Catching Fire Finnick Odair
2014 Quiet Ones, TheThe Quiet Ones Brian McNeil
2014 Riot Club, TheThe Riot Club Alistair Ryle
2014 Love, Rosie Alex Stewart
2014 Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, TheThe Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 Finnick Odair
2015 Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2, TheThe Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 Finnick Odair
2016 Huntsman: Winter's War, TheThe Huntsman: Winter's War William
2016 Me Before You Will Traynor
2016 Their Finest Tom Buckley
2017 My Cousin Rachel Philip Ashley
2017 Journey's End Captain Stanhope
2017 Red Shoes & the 7 Dwarfs Merlin In post-production
2018 Nightingale, TheThe Nightingale Hawkins In post-production
2018 Adrift Richard Sharp Filming
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2010 Pillars of the Earth, TheThe Pillars of the Earth Richard of Kingsbridge Miniseries; 8 episodes
2010 Lost Future, TheThe Lost Future Kaleb Television film
2010 Any Human Heart Young Logan Mountstuart Miniseries; 4 episodes
2011 United Duncan Edwards Television film
2012 White Heat Young Jack Walsh Miniseries; 6 episodes
2013 Mary and Martha Ben Television film
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Work
Result
2012 Empire Awards Best Male Newcomer Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Nominated
2012 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Breakout Snow White and the Huntsman Nominated
2014 Empire Awards Best Supporting Actor The Hunger Games: Catching Fire Nominated
2014 MTV Movie Awards Best Shirtless Performance The Hunger Games: Catching Fire Nominated
2014 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Scene Stealer The Hunger Games: Catching Fire Nominated
2014 Glamour Awards Man of the Year Won
2016 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Liplock (shared with Emilia Clarke) Me Before You Nominated
2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards Tearjerker (shared with Emilia Clarke)[26] Me Before You Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Sam Claflin Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
Jump up ^ "Sam Claflin". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Anything you can do... – Rising star Joe aims to follow in brother Sam Claflin's footsteps - News - Norwich Evening News". Eveningnews24.co.uk. 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Walsh, Peter (20 November 2010). "Former Costessey pupil lands major Manchester United film role". Norwich Evening News. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Film star wanted to play football for Norwich City - News - Norwich Evening News". Eveningnews24.co.uk. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
Jump up ^ Cornet, Roth (c. 2011). "Interview: Sam Claflin Talks 'Snow White and the Huntsman'". ScreenRant.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (31 March 2011). "'Seventh Son' finds young leads". Variety. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (24 June 2011). "Ben Barnes Lands Lead Opposite Jeff Bridges In Warner Bros' 'Seventh Son'". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Best Male Newcomer". Empire. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Kemp, Stuart (11 May 2012). "Sam Claflin Signs up for 'The Quiet Ones'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Ng, Philiana (22 August 2012). "'Catching Fire' Casts Sam Claflin as Finnick". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Zach (22 August 2012). "Sam Claflin Cast as Finnick in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire". Us Weekly. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Bentley, Josh; Josh Horowitz (21 July 2013). "'Catching Fire': How Sam Claflin Captured Finnick's 'Sexual Tension'". MTV. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (22 November 2013). "Review: 'Catching Fire' smoothly exciting". CNN. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Morris, Christopher (4 December 2013). "Hunger Games: Mockingjay shooting site under construction". Yahoo. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cecelia Ahern's 'Love, Rosie' To Be Adapted - GalleyCat". Mediabistro.com. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
Jump up ^ Danny Cohen, Controller, BBC One (2012-07-17). "Media Centre - Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn to star in new film for BBC One". BBC. Retrieved 2013-11-21. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Emilia Clarke films Me Before You with Matthew Lewis".
Jump up ^ Geier, Thom (7 May 2015). "Sam Claflin Returns for 'The Huntsman' Without Kristen Stewart's Snow White". TheWrap. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sam Claflin: "I'm very gentlemanly"". Yahoo. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sam Claflin, "The Hunger Games: Catching Fire" star, marries Laura Haddock". CBS News. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sam Claflin, Hunger Games Star, Marries Actress Laura Haddock in Private Ceremony". 1 August 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Cumming, Ed. "Sam Claflin: 'I hate being offered heart-throb after heart-throb'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sam Claflin and Laura Haddock Welcome First Child". People. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Zach (April 6, 2017). "Guardians of the Galaxy Lands 7 MTV Movie Awards Nominations". E!. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sam Claflin.
Sam Claflin on IMDb
Sam Claflin at Biography.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Glamour Awards Man of the Year
David Schwimmer (2004)
Usher (2005)
Paul Bettany (2006)
Eric Mabius (2007)
Mark Ronson (2008)
Kanye West (2009)
Aaron Johnson (2010)
Garrett Hedlund (2011)
Tom Hiddleston (2012)
Daniel Radcliffe (2013)
Sam Claflin (2014)
Calvin Harris (2015)
James Norton (2016)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 169388267
LCCN: no2011045662
ISNI: 0000 0001 1883 8897
GND: 1011171058
BNF: cb16594039q (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sam_Claflin&oldid=819095604"
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This page was last edited on 7 January 2018, at 11:28.
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Engine number
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For engine position numbers on aircraft, see Aircraft engine position number.
Engine number is recorded in Vehicle License of China
Engine number may refer to an identification number marked on the engine of a vehicle or, in the case of locomotives, to the road number of the locomotive. The engine number is separate from the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
Contents
[hide]
1 Automobiles
2 Trains
3 See also
4 References
Automobiles[edit]
Every vehicle engine is marked with an engine number by the factory.[1][2] The engine number includes coded information, which can be decoded to reveal information such as year of manufacture, country of manufacture, and engine type.[3]
Trains[edit]
The term is also used in train terminology.[4] In this instance, it refers to the road number assigned to motive power by the operator, as opposed to a constructor's or builder's number (equivalent to a vehicle VIN number).
See also[edit]
Aircraft engine position number
Builder's plate
Number plate
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Clymer Repair Manuals (1991). Small Diesel Engine Service Manual, Edition 3. Intertec Publishing Corporation, Primedia Business Directories & Books, Intertec Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-87288-448-9.
Jump up ^ Seume, Keich (1996). Aircooled VW Engine Interchange Manual: The User's Guide to Original and Aftermarket Parts... MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7603-0314-6.
Jump up ^ "Engine Number Guide" (PDF). Perkins Engines Company Limited. 2009.
Jump up ^ Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen's magazine, Volume 60. 1916. pp. 428, 435. Retrieved 2009-09-11.

This automobile-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engine_number&oldid=748101483"
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Auto parts
Engine technology
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