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Slash (musician)
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Slash
Slash performing with Guns N' Roses in 2017.
Background information
Birth name
Saul Hudson
Born
(1965-07-23) July 23, 1965 (age 52)
Hampstead, London, England
Origin
Los Angeles, California
Genres
Heavy metal
hard rock
blues rock
Occupation(s)
Musician
songwriter
record producer
film producer
Instruments
Guitar
Years active
1981–present
Labels
Dik Hayd
Eagle Rock
EMI
Geffen
Koch
RCA
Roadrunner
Sony
Universal
Uzi Suicide
Associated acts
Guns N' Roses
Hollywood Rose
L.A. Guns
Michael Jackson
Myles Kennedy
Road Crew
Slash's Blues Ball
Slash's Snakepit
Velvet Revolver
Website
slashonline.com
Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), better known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician and songwriter.[1] He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During his later years with Guns N' Roses, Slash formed the side project Slash's Snakepit. After leaving Guns N' Roses in 1996, he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. Slash has since released three solo albums: Slash (2010), featuring an array of famous guest musicians, and Apocalyptic Love (2012) and World on Fire (2014), recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. He returned to Guns N' Roses in 2016, nearly 20 years after he had left.
Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered one of the greatest rock guitarists. Time magazine named him runner-up on their list of "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" in 2009,[2] while Rolling Stone placed him at number 65 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" in 2011.[3] Guitar World ranked his guitar solo in "November Rain" number 6 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos" in 2008,[4] and Total Guitar placed his riff in "Sweet Child o' Mine" at number 1 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Riffs" in 2004.[5] During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as number 34 on their "Top 50 Guitarists of All Time", while their readers landed him number 9 on Gibson's "Top 25 Guitarists of All Time".[6] In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses' classic line-up.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1981–1985: Early years
2.2 1985–1996: First stint with Guns N' Roses
2.3 1994–2002: Slash's Snakepit
2.4 2002–2008: Velvet Revolver
2.5 2008–2015: "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators"
2.6 2016–present: Return to Guns N' Roses
2.7 Session work
2.8 Other ventures
3 Personal life
3.1 Philanthropy
4 Awards and accolades
5 Equipment
6 Discography
7 References
8 Citations
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Saul Hudson was born in Hampstead, London.[7] He was named for Saul Steinberg, an artist.[8] His mother, Ola J. Hudson (née Oliver;[9] 1946–2009),[10][11][12] was an African-American costume designer, whose clients included David Bowie, and his father, Anthony Hudson, is an English artist who created album covers for musicians such as Neil Young and Joni Mitchell.,[13][14] Of his mixed background, Slash later remarked, "As a musician, I've always been amused that I'm both British and black; particularly because so many American musicians seem to aspire to be British while so many British musicians, in the 'Sixties in particular, went to such great pains to be black."[15]
Slash as a child
"My big awakening happened when I was 14. I'd been trying to get into this older girl's pants for a while, and she finally let me come over to her house. We hung out, smoked some pot and listened to Aerosmith's Rocks. It hit me like a fucking ton of bricks. I sat there listening to it over and over, and totally blew off this girl. I remember riding my bike back to my grandma's house knowing that my life had changed. Now I identified with something."
Slash on his passion for rock music[16]
During his early years, Slash was raised by his father and paternal grandparents in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, while his mother moved to Los Angeles for work.[17] When Slash was around five years old, he and his father joined his mother in Los Angeles, California.[18] His brother, Albion "Ash" Hudson, was born in 1972.[19] Following his parents' separation in 1974,[20] Slash became a self-described "problem child."[21] He chose to live with his mother and was often sent to live with his beloved maternal grandmother whenever his mother had to travel for her job.[21][22] Slash sometimes accompanied his mother to work, where he met several film and music stars.[23] He was given the nickname "Slash" by actor Seymour Cassel, because he was "always in a hurry, zipping around from one thing to another."[24]
In 1979, Slash decided to form a band with his friend Steven Adler.[25] The band never materialized, but it prompted Slash to take up an instrument. Since Adler had designated himself the role of guitarist, Slash decided to learn how to play bass.[25] Equipped with a one-string flamenco guitar given to him by his grandmother, he began taking classes with Robert Wolin, a teacher at Fairfax Music School.[26] During his first lesson, Slash decided to switch from bass to guitar after hearing Wolin play "Brown Sugar" by The Rolling Stones.[26] His decision to play guitar was further influenced by one of his school teachers, who would play songs by Cream and Led Zeppelin for his students. As a result, Slash stated, "When I heard him do that, I said, 'That's what I want to do."[27] A champion BMX rider,[28] Slash put the bike aside to devote himself to playing guitar,[29] practicing up to 12 hours a day.
Career[edit]
1981–1985: Early years[edit]
Slash joined his first band, Tidus Sloan, in 1981.[30] In 1983, he formed the band Road Crew—named after the Motörhead song "(We Are) The Road Crew"—with his childhood friend Steven Adler, who by then had learned to play drums. He placed an advertisement in a newspaper looking for a bassist, and received a response from Duff McKagan. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, and worked on material that included the main riff of what would become the Guns N' Roses song "Rocket Queen."[31] Slash disbanded the group the following year due to them not being able to find a singer, as well as Adler's lack of work ethic compared to himself and McKagan.[31] He, along with Adler, then joined a local band known as Hollywood Rose, which featured singer Axl Rose and guitarist Izzy Stradlin. Following his time with Hollywood Rose, Slash played in a band called Black Sheep and unsuccessfully auditioned for Poison, a glam metal band that he would later openly deride.[30]
1985–1996: First stint with Guns N' Roses[edit]
Main article: Guns N' Roses
In June 1985, Slash was asked by Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin to join the newly founded Guns N' Roses, along with[32] Duff McKagan and Steven Adler; completing the line-up. They played nightclubs—such as the Whisky a Go Go, The Roxy, and The Troubadour—and opened for larger acts throughout 1985 and 1986. It was during this period that the band wrote most of its classic material, including "Welcome to the Jungle," "Sweet Child o' Mine,", and "Paradise City," As a result of their rowdy and rebellious behavior, Guns N' Roses quickly received the moniker "Most Dangerous Band in the World," causing Slash to remark, "For some strange reason, Guns N' Roses is like the catalyst for controversy, even before we had any kind of record deal."[33] After being scouted by several major record labels, the band signed with Geffen Records in March 1986. Later that year, they began recording their debut album, but initially nothing was accomplished as Slash had developed a drug problem.[30]
In July 1987, Guns N' Roses released its debut album, Appetite for Destruction, which as of September 2008 has sold over 28 million copies worldwide,[34] 18 million of which were sold in the United States, making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the U.S.[35] In the summer of 1988, the band achieved its only U.S. No. 1 hit with "Sweet Child o' Mine," a song spearheaded by Slash's guitar riff and solo. In November of that year, Guns N' Roses released G N' R Lies, which sold over five million copies in the U.S. alone,[36] despite containing only eight tracks, four of which were included on the previously released EP Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide. As their success grew, so did interpersonal tensions within the band. In 1989, during a show as opening act for the Rolling Stones, Axl Rose threatened to leave the band if certain members of the band didn't stop "dancing with Mr. Brownstone,"[30] a reference to their song of the same name about heroin use. Slash was among those who promised to clean up.[30] However, the following year, Steven Adler was fired from the band because of his heroin addiction; he was replaced by Matt Sorum of The Cult.
In May 1991, the band embarked on the two-and-a-half-year-long Use Your Illusion Tour. The following September, Guns N' Roses released the long-awaited albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II, which debuted at No. 2 and No. 1, respectively, on the U.S. chart, a feat not achieved by any other group.[37] Izzy Stradlin abruptly left the band in November; he was replaced by Gilby Clarke of Candy and Kill for Thrills. Slash played his final show with Guns N' Roses on July 17, 1993.[30] In November of that year, the band released "The Spaghetti Incident?", a cover album of mostly punk songs, which proved less successful than its predecessors. Slash then wrote several songs for what would have become the follow-up album to the Use Your Illusion twins. Axl Rose and Duff, however, rejected the material.[38]
With the band's failure to collaborate resulting in no album being recorded,[39] Slash announced in October 1996 that he was no longer a part of Guns N' Roses.[40] Slash stated at the time "Axl and I have not been capable of seeing eye to eye on Guns N' Roses for some time. We tried to collaborate, but at this point, I'm no longer in the band."[41] Paul Tobias's inclusion in the band was another factor in Slash leaving, with Slash having both "creative and personal" differences with Tobias.[42] However, in his 2007 autobiography, Slash stated that his decision to leave the band was not based on artistic differences with Axl Rose, but on Rose's constant lateness to concerts, the alleged legal manipulation Rose used (since denied by Rose) to gain control of the band; and the departures of Steven Adler and Izzy Stradlin.[43]
1994–2002: Slash's Snakepit[edit]
Main article: Slash's Snakepit
In 1994, Slash formed Slash's Snakepit, a side project that featured his Guns N' Roses bandmates Matt Sorum and Gilby Clarke on drums and rhythm guitar respectively, as well as Alice in Chains' Mike Inez on bass and Jellyfish's Eric Dover on vocals. The band recorded Slash's material originally intended for Guns N' Roses, resulting in the release of It's Five O'Clock Somewhere in February 1995. The album was critically praised for ignoring the then-popular conventions of alternative music, and fared well on the charts, eventually selling over one million copies in the US alone despite little promotion from Geffen Records. Slash's Snakepit toured in support of the album with bassist James LoMenzo and drummer Brian Tichy of Pride and Glory, before disbanding in 1996. Slash then toured for two years with the blues rock cover band Slash's Blues Ball.
In 1999, Slash chose to regroup Slash's Snakepit with Rod Jackson on vocals, Ryan Roxie on rhythm guitar, Johnny Griparic on bass, and Matt Laug on drums. Their second album, Ain't Life Grand, was released in October 2000 through Koch Records. It did not sell as well as the band's previous release, and its critical reception was mixed. To promote the album, the band—with Keri Kelli on rhythm guitar—embarked on an extensive world tour in support of AC/DC in the summer of 2000, followed by their own headlining theater tour. Slash disbanded Snakepit in 2002.
2002–2008: Velvet Revolver[edit]
Main article: Velvet Revolver
Slash and Scott Weiland during a Velvet Revolver concert in London in 2007
In 2002, Slash reunited with Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum for a Randy Castillo tribute concert. Realizing that they still had the chemistry of their days in Guns N' Roses, they decided to form a new band together. Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Izzy Stradlin was initially involved, but left after the others decided to find a lead singer. Dave Kushner, who had previously played with McKagan in Loaded, then joined the band on rhythm guitar. For many months, the four searched for a lead singer by listening to offered demo tapes, a monotonous process documented by VH1. Eventually, former Stone Temple Pilots vocalist Scott Weiland joined the band.
In 2003, Velvet Revolver played several concerts during the summer and released their first single, "Set Me Free". In June 2004, they released their debut album, Contraband, which debuted at No. 1 on the U.S. chart and sold two million copies, re-establishing Slash as a mainstream performer. A year-and-a-half-long tour followed in support of the album. In July 2007, Velvet Revolver released their second album, Libertad, and embarked on a second tour. During a show in March 2008, Weiland announced to the audience that it would be the band's final tour;[44] he was fired from the band in April 2008, Slash insisted "chemical issues" led to the split.[45] The following month Weiland rejoined Stone Temple Pilots. Despite Weiland's departure, Velvet Revolver did not officially disband.
In early 2010, Velvet Revolver began writing new songs and auditioning new singers.[46] By January 2011, the band had recorded nine demos, and was reportedly due to make a decision on their singer.[47] However, the following April, Slash stated that they had been unable to find a suitable singer and that Velvet Revolver would remain on hiatus for the next few years while its members focus on other projects.[48]
2008–2015: "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators"[edit]
Band members[show]
See also: List of Slash band members
Current members
Myles Kennedy – lead vocals (2010–present)
Todd Kerns – bass, backing vocals (2010–present)
Brent Fitz – drums (2010–present)
Touring members
Tony Montana – bass (2010)[49]
Frank Sidoris – rhythm guitar (2012–present)[50]
Past members
Bobby Schneck – rhythm guitar (2010–2011)[50]
Session musicians
Chris Chaney – bass (2009)
Josh Freese – drums (2009)
Lenny Castro – percussion (2009)
Slash and vocalist Myles Kennedy performing with the Conspirators in June 2015
In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album.[51][52] He described the process of recording by himself as "cathartic."[53] He also mentioned working on the album gave him a chance to "...take a little bit of a break from all the politics and the democracy that is a band and just sort of do my own thing for a little bit.[51] Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, "It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie."[54] The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010.[55] It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Osbourne, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Lemmy Kilmister of Motörhead, Dave Grohl, Chris Cornell and Iggy Pop.[55] The album also features musical collaborations with former Guns N' Roses members Izzy Stradlin, Steven Adler and Duff McKagan.[56] To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge—who also appeared on the album—on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, and Brent Fitz on drums. Slash opened for Ozzy Osbourne for a leg of Osbourne's Scream World Tour.[57]
Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011.[58] He collaborated with his touring bandmates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators".[59] The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012, debuting at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.[59][60] In the beginning of 2013 Slash received award for "Best Guitarist Of The Year 2012" by Loudwire's readers.[61]
Slash embarked on a tour in the summer of 2014, opening for Aerosmith as part of the Let Rock Rule Tour.[62][63] In May 2014, Slash revealed details of his third solo album World on Fire.[64] The album was again billed as "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators" and was released on September 10, 2014.[65] It debuted at No. 10 on The Billboard 200 chart.[66]
2016–present: Return to Guns N' Roses[edit]
Slash and Axl Rose in 2016.
On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N' Roses-related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash would rejoin the band to headline Coachella 2016, filling the lead guitarist spot vacated when DJ Ashba left the band.[67][68] Guns N' Roses were officially announced as headliners of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan would rejoin the band.[69][70][71] Slash performed with Guns N' Roses for the first time in 23 years during the band's secret warmup gig at the Troubadour in Los Angeles on April 1, 2016.[72] The band then embarked on the Not in This Lifetime... Tour.[73]
Session work[edit]
Slash collaborated with singer Michael Jackson on several occasions
In 1991, Slash played lead guitar on the single "Give In To Me" off Michael Jackson's album Dangerous, as well as in the opening skit for the song "Black or White" off the same album.[74] In 1995, he played guitar on "D.S.", a controversial song from Jackson's HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I album, and in 1997 appeared on the song "Morphine" off the remix album Blood on the Dance Floor: History in the Mix. In 2001, Slash played on "Privacy" off Jackson's final studio album, Invincible. Slash also joined Jackson on several occasions on stage, most notably at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards playing with Jackson on "Black or White" (and the introduction of "Billie Jean"). He made two surprise appearances during Jackson's 1992 Dangerous World Tour in Spain and Japan and supported the 1999 charity concerts MJ & Friends in Seoul and Munich playing the same set like he did for the 1995's MTV Video Music Awards. The last time Slash and Jackson shared a stage was on both 2001 Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special concerts in New York City playing "Black or White" and "Beat It".
In 1991, Slash collaborated with Lenny Kravitz on "Always on the Run", the lead single from Kravitz' album Mama Said. In 1993, Slash appeared on the album Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix, performing "I Don't Live Today" with Paul Rodgers and Band of Gypsys. Slash also guest appeared in Carole King's 1994 live concert, which was captured on her Carole King – In Concert album. Slash and King appeared on David Letterman to promote the concert. In 1996, he collaborated with Marta Sánchez to record the flamenco-inspired song "Obsession Confession" for the Curdled soundtrack. Later that year, he played with Alice Cooper at Sammy Hagar's club Cabo Wabo in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The show was released the following year as A Fistful of Alice. In 1997, Slash appeared alongside rapper Ol' Dirty Bastard and rock band Fishbone on Blackstreet's rock remix of their single "Fix"; he also appeared in the accompanying music video. Also in 1997, he played on the single "But You Said I'm Useless" by Japanese musician J. That same year, he contributed music to the soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Jackie Brown; several compositions by Slash's Snakepit can be heard throughout the film. He also appeared on the Insane Clown Posse album The Great Milenko on the track Halls of Illusion.
In 2002, Slash played on the title track to Elán's album Street Child. In 2003, he participated in the Yardbirds' comeback record Birdland; he played lead guitar on the track "Over, Under, Sideways, Down." In 2006, Slash played on a cover of "In the Summertime" on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's solo album Blood of the Snake; he was also featured in the accompanying music video. In 2007, he appeared on Paulina Rubio's single "Nada Puede Cambiarme". In 2008, Slash played guitar on the film score of The Wrestler, composed by Clint Mansell. Slash was the featured guitarist on the 2008 Italian hit single "Gioca Con Me" by Italian singer-songwriter Vasco Rossi. In 2009, he was featured on Rihanna's single "Rockstar 101" off her album Rated R. In 2011, he contributed the song "Kick It Up a Notch" to the Disney Channel animation Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension; he appeared in both live-action and animated form in the promotional music video.[75]
Other ventures[edit]
A self-described "film buff",[14] Slash has had small parts in several films and television series.[76] In 1988, he appeared with his Guns N' Roses bandmates in the Dirty Harry film The Dead Pool, in which his character attends a musician's funeral and shoots a harpoon. He played radio DJ Hank in a 1994 episode of the horror anthology television series Tales from the Crypt. Slash was a guest star, where Space Ghost, Zorak, and Moltar teach him how to do guitar licks, but he refuses to do any of that, in an episode of the live-action/animated talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast on Cartoon Network. In 1999, he appeared as the host of the Miss America Bag Lady pageant in the widely panned film The Underground Comedy Movie. He has also appeared as himself in several projects, including Howard Stern's Private Parts in 1997, The Drew Carey Show in 1998, MADtv in 2005, and Sacha Baron Cohen's Brüno in 2009. Slash voiced a recurring caricature of himself in Robert Evans' animated television series Kid Notorious, which aired in 2003 on Comedy Central. As in real life, Slash is Evans' close friend and next-door neighbor on the show. He played Billy Butterface in the R-rated television show Metalocalypse on The Adult Swim. On May 5, 2009, he appeared as the guest mentor for the rock 'n' roll week of American Idol.[77] In 2010, Slash formed Slasher Films, a horror film production company. Its first film, Nothing Left to Fear, was screened in select cities on October 4, 2013, before being released on DVD and Blu-ray the following Tuesday.[78][79] Slash appeared on the October 26, 2014 episode of Talking Dead. He is reported to be a massive fan of horror movies.[80]
Slash's autobiography, simply titled Slash, was published on October 30, 2007. It was co-written with Anthony Bozza. Slash also made several contributions to The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, the autobiography of Mötley Crüe bassist and back-up singer Nikki Sixx, which was also published in 2007.
Slash is a pinball enthusiast and collector. He has participated in the design process for the 1994 Data East Guns N' Roses pinball machine, and the 1998 Sega machine Viper Night Drivin'.[81] Slash is a playable character in the video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, released in 2007. His performance was motion captured to record his movements for the game. Slash's character becomes playable after a player beats him in a one-on-one competition, which then leads to the player and Slash playing the master track of "Welcome to the Jungle".[82] Guitar learning game/simulator Rocksmith 2014 by Ubisoft released a Slash Song Pack[83] with several of the latter compositions by the artist available to purchase as downloadable content and learn on the guitar.
A keen artist, Slash designed logos and artwork for several of his pre-Guns N' Roses bands, as well as the famous circular GN'R logo. He is also credited as having provided some artwork for Aerosmith's 2012 album, Music From Another Dimension!, as it reproduces a picture of the band drawn by Slash when he was still a teenager.
Slash is a fan of the Angry Birds series of video games, and created a hard rock version of the Angry Birds Space theme song. In addition, Slash has a Birds avatar shown in the game, released in March 2013.[84]
Personal life[edit]
On October 10, 1992, Slash married model-actress Renée Suran in Marina del Rey, California.[85] They divorced in late 1997 after five years of marriage.[32] Slash married Perla Ferrar on October 15, 2001, in Hawaii.[32] They have two sons, London Emilio (born August 28, 2002) and Cash Anthony (born June 23, 2004).[32] Slash filed for divorce from Ferrar in August 2010, but the couple reconciled two months later.[86] In December 2014, he again filed for divorce.[87] Afterwards, he moved in together with his girlfriend Meegan Hodges,[88] whom he previously dated from 1989 until the beginning of the 1990s.
With former wife Perla Hudson in 2012
Slash is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and the United States.[14] A British national since his London birth,[7] he has resided in Los Angeles since 1971 but did not acquire American citizenship until 1996.[89] He said in 2010, "I do consider myself British. I have very strong feelings about my British heritage. My first years were there, I went to school there, and I have seemingly endless family on that side of the pond. So I've always felt most comfortable in England."[90]
In 2001, at the age of 35, Slash was diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, a form of congestive heart failure caused by his many years of alcohol and drug abuse. Originally given between six days and six weeks to live, he survived through physical therapy and the implantation of a defibrillator.[91] Slash has been clean and sober since 2005,[14] which he credits to his then-wife Ferrar.[86] In 2009, following his mother's death from lung cancer, he quit smoking.[92]
Slash has been recognized for his longtime contributions to establishing environmental welfare programs.[93] He is a board trustee of the Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association and has long supported the Los Angeles Zoo and zoos around the world.[93] Slash's love of reptiles was for many years a notable aspect of his public persona—with several of his many snakes appearing with him in music videos and photoshoots[94]—until the birth of his first son in 2002 forced him to rehome his collection.[95]
Slash's friendship with Guns N' Roses frontman Axl Rose soured following his departure from the band. In 2006, Rose claimed that Slash had shown up at his house uninvited the previous year to offer a truce.[96] He alleged that Slash had insulted his Velvet Revolver bandmates, telling Rose that he considered Scott Weiland "a fraud" and Duff McKagan "spineless", and that he "hated" Matt Sorum.[97] Slash denied the accusations. In his 2007 autobiography he admitted to visiting Rose's home with the intention to settle a longstanding legal dispute and make peace with his former bandmate. He claims, however, that he did not speak with Rose and instead merely left a note. Slash maintains that he had not spoken with Rose in person since 1996.[96] In 2009, in response to a statement by Rose in which he referred to Slash as "a cancer", Slash commented: "It doesn't really affect me at all... It's been a long time. The fact that he has anything to say at all, it's like, 'Whatever, dude.' It doesn't really matter."[98] In an August 2015 interview, Slash stated that he is now on good terms with Rose.[99] Slash also rejoined Guns N' Roses in 2016.
Philanthropy[edit]
Slash is an honorary board member of Little Kids Rock, a national nonprofit that works to restore and revitalize music education programs in disadvantaged public schools. He has visited Little Kids Rock students, jammed with them and donated instruments and his time. Slash's passion for music is evident in his charity as well as his art. "Being a musician is something that is good for the character because it teaches you a lot about discipline," Slash said. "I think it's a really great creative outlet."[100]
Awards and accolades[edit]
Slash performing at the Nokia Theater in New York in 2008
Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. In 2005, he was named "Best Guitarist" by Esquire, which congratulated him on "beating the comeback odds with a surprisingly legitimate and vital outfit, Velvet Revolver."[101] Slash was awarded the title of "Riff Lord" during Metal Hammer's fourth annual Golden Gods awards in 2007.[102] In 2008, he was ranked No. 21 on Gigwise's list of "The 50 Greatest Guitarists Ever,"[103] and in 2009, he was named runner-up on "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" list in Time, which praised him as "a remarkably precise player."[2] In 2011, Rolling Stone placed Slash at No. 65 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."[3]
In 2007, Slash was honored with a star on the Rock Walk of Fame; his name was placed alongside Jimmy Page, Eddie Van Halen and Jimi Hendrix. He was the honoree at the 2010 Sunset Strip Music Festival, where he was presented by West Hollywood mayor John Heilman with a plaque declaring August 26 as "Slash Day."[104] In 2012, Slash was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the classic lineup of Guns N' Roses.[105] He performed three songs—"Paradise City", "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "Mr. Brownstone"—with fellow inductees Duff McKagan, Steven Adler, and Matt Sorum, one-time Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, and his frequent collaborator Myles Kennedy. Inductees Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin and Dizzy Reed declined to attend. Later that year, Slash received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located directly in front of the Hard Rock Cafe on Hollywood Boulevard.[106]
In 2004, Slash's introductory riff in "Sweet Child o' Mine" was voted No. 1 on a list of "The 100 Greatest Riffs" by the readers of Total Guitar;[5] his riffs in "Out ta Get Me" (No. 51), "Welcome to the Jungle" (No. 21), and "Paradise City" (No. 19) also made the list.[5] In 2006, his solo in "Paradise City" was voted No. 3 by Total Guitar's readers on a list of "The 100 Hottest Guitar Solos";[107] his solos in "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "November Rain" were ranked No. 30 and No. 82 respectively.[107] In 2008, Guitar World placed Slash's solo in "November Rain" at No. 6 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos,"[4] while his solo in "Sweet Child o' Mine" was ranked No. 37 on the list.[108] In 2010, the readers of Total Guitar voted his riff in "Slither" runner-up on the list of "The 50 Greatest Riffs of the Decade,"[109] while his riff in "By the Sword" was ranked No. 22.[110] Slash received a Radio Contraband Rock Radio Award in 2012. In January 2015 Slash received the Les Paul award.
Equipment[edit]
Slash owns more than 100 guitars.[111] He prefers the Gibson Les Paul, which he has called "the best all-around guitar for me."[112] Gibson has credited him and Zakk Wylde with bringing the Les Paul back into the mainstream in the late 1980s.[112] His main studio guitar is a 1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard replica, built by luthier Kris Derrig,[113] which he came to own during the recording sessions for Guns N' Roses' debut album, Appetite for Destruction. He used that guitar on every subsequent album he recorded with Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver. For many years, his main live guitar was a 1988 Gibson Les Paul Standard.[114]
Signature guitars[show]
See also: Gibson Les Paul § Slash
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash "Snakepit" Les Paul Standard (1998)
Epiphone's Slash "Snakepit" Les Paul Standard (1999)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash Signature Les Paul Standard (2004)
Epiphone's Slash Signature Les Paul Standard Plus Top (2008)
Gibson USA's Slash Signature Les Paul Standard (2008)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash "Inspired By" Les Paul Standard (2008)
Gibson USA's Slash Signature Les Paul Goldtop (2008)
Epiphone's Slash Signature Les Paul Goldtop (2008)
Gibson USA's Slash "Appetite" Les Paul Standard (2010)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash "Appetite" Les Paul Standard (2010)
Epiphone's Slash "Appetite" Les Paul Standard (2010)
Gibson USA's Slash "Rosso Corsa" Les Paul Standard (2013)
Gibson USA's Slash "Vermillion" Les Paul Standard (2013)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash Anaconda Burst Les Paul (Plain Top/Flame Top) (2017)
Epiphone Slash Anaconda Burst Les Paul (Plain Top/Flame Top) (2017)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash Firebird (Trans Black/Trans White) (2017)
Gibson Custom Shop's Slash 1958 Les Paul "First Standard" Replica (2017)
Since 1997, Slash has collaborated with Gibson on seventeen signature Les Paul models—five through Gibson USA; seven through the Gibson Custom Shop; and five through the Gibson subsidiary Epiphone. He has also collaborated on signature equipment with other companies. In 1996, Marshall introduced the Marshall Slash Signature JCM 2555, an authentic reissue of the Marshall "Silver Jubilee" JCM 2555 released in 1987. It was the first signature amp ever produced by Marshall, with production limited to 3000.[115] In 2007, Jim Dunlop introduced the Crybaby SW-95 Slash Signature Wah, designed after Slash's own custom-built Crybaby wah pedal.[116] In 2010, Seymour Duncan introduced the Alnico II Pro Slash APH-2 pickups, which were designed to recreate the tone of Slash's main studio guitar.[117] Also in 2010, Marshall introduced the Marshall AFD100, a recreation of the Marshall 1959 that Slash used for the recording of Appetite for Destruction, with production limited to 2300.[118]
On stage, Slash prefers Marshall amplifiers, particularly the Marshall "Silver Jubilee" JCM 2555 amp. He used a rented early-1970s Marshall 1959 for the recording of Appetite for Destruction.[119] Slash enjoyed the amp so much that he tried to keep it, telling the rental company, S.I.R., that it had been stolen. However, the amp was repossessed by S.I.R. employees after a roadie accidentally brought it to rehearsals at the store.[119] For the recording of Velvet Revolver's debut album, Contraband, he used a Vox AC30 amp and small Fender tube amps, and on their second album, Libertad, he used the Marshall "Vintage Modern" 2466 amp. On his eponymous debut solo album he used a Marshall JCM 800, issued as "#34", and later, on the subsequent world tour, Slash used his signature Marshall AFD100 amp.
Discography[edit]
Main articles: Guns N' Roses discography, Velvet Revolver discography, and Slash discography
With Guns N' Roses
Appetite for Destruction (1987)
G N' R Lies (1988)
Use Your Illusion I (1991)
Use Your Illusion II (1991)
"The Spaghetti Incident?" (1993) - Covers album
With Slash's Snakepit
It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (1995)
Ain't Life Grand (2000)
With Velvet Revolver
Contraband (2004)
Libertad (2007)
Solo/ Slash feat. Myles Kennedy & The Conspirators
Slash (2010)
Apocalyptic Love (2012)
World on Fire (2014)
References[edit]
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Citations[edit]
Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2008). Slash. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-725777-5.
External links[edit]
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
ISO 4 abbreviation
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Discipline
Multidisciplinary
Language
English
Edited by
Inder Verma
Publication details
Publisher
United States National Academy of Sciences (United States)
Publication history
1915–present
Frequency
Weekly
Open access
Delayed
Impact factor
(2016)
9.661
Indexing
ISSN
0027-8424 (print)
1091-6490 (web)
LCCN
16010069
CODEN
PNASA6
OCLC no.
43473694
JSTOR
00278424
Links
Journal homepage
Online access
Online archive
PNAS Full Text App (iphone/ipad)
PNAS Full Text App (Android)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915. With broad coverage, spanning the biological, physical, and social sciences, the journal publishes original research of exceptional importance,[1][self-published source] alongside scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. In 1999–2009, the last period for which data are available, PNAS was the second most cited journal across all fields of science.[2] PNAS is published weekly in print, and daily online in PNAS Early Edition.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Editors
3 Peer review
4 Dual use papers and national security
5 Impact
6 PNAS Plus and significance statements
7 Sustainability science
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
PNAS was established by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1914, with its first issue published in 1915. The NAS itself had been founded in 1863 as a private institution, but chartered by the United States Congress, with the goal to "investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art". By 1914 the Academy had been well established.
Prior to the inception of PNAS, the National Academy of Sciences published three volumes of organizational transactions, consisting mostly of minutes of meetings and annual reports. In accordance with the guiding principles established by astronomer George Ellery Hale, the foreign secretary of NAS in 1914, PNAS publishes brief first announcements of Academy members' and foreign associates' more important contributions to research and of work that appears to a member to be of particular importance.[3]
Editors[edit]
The following people have been editors-in-chief of the journal:
1914–1918: Arthur A. Noyes
1918–1940: Raymond Pearl
1940–1949: Robert A. Millikan
1950–1955: Linus Pauling
1955–1960: Wendell M. Stanley
1960–1968: Saunders Mac Lane
1968–1972: John T. Edsall
1972–1980: Robert Louis Sinsheimer
1980–1984: Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.
1985–1988: Maxine Singer
1988–1991: Igor B. Dawid
1991–1995: Lawrence Bogorad
1995–2006: Nicholas R. Cozzarelli
2006–2011: Randy Schekman
2011–present: Inder Verma
The first managing editor of the journal was mathematician Edwin Bidwell Wilson.
Peer review[edit]
All research papers published in PNAS are peer-reviewed.[3] The standard mode is for papers to be submitted directly to PNAS rather than going through an Academy member. Members may handle the peer review process for up to 4 of their own papers per year—this is an open review process because the member selects and communicates directly with the referees. These submissions and reviews, like all for PNAS, are evaluated for publication by the PNAS Editorial Board. Until July 1, 2010, members were allowed to communicate up to 2 papers from non-members to PNAS every year. The review process for these papers was anonymous in that the identities of the referees were not revealed to the authors. Referees were selected by the NAS member.[3][4][5] PNAS eliminated communicated submissions through NAS members as of July 1, 2010, while continuing to make the final decision on all PNAS papers.[6]
Dual use papers and national security[edit]
In 2003, PNAS issued an editorial stating its policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences.[7] PNAS stated that it would "continue to monitor submitted papers for material that may be deemed inappropriate and that could, if published, compromise the public welfare." This statement was in keeping with the efforts of several other journals.[8][9] In 2005 PNAS published an article titled "Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: The case of botulinum toxin in milk"[10] despite objections raised by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[11] The paper was published with a commentary by the president of the Academy at the time, Bruce Alberts, titled "Modeling attacks on the food supply".[12]
Impact[edit]
PNAS is widely read by researchers, particularly those involved in basic sciences, around the world. PNAS Online receives over 21 million hits per month.[13] The journal is notable for its policy of making research articles freely available online to everyone six months after publication (delayed open access), or immediately if authors have chosen the "open access" option (hybrid open access). Immediately free online access (without the six-month delay) is available to more than 100 developing countries[14] and for some categories of papers such as colloquia. Abstracts, tables of contents, and online supporting information are free. Anyone can sign up to receive free tables of contents by email.[15]
Because PNAS is self-sustaining and receives no direct funding from the U.S. government or the National Academy of Sciences, the journal charges authors publication fees and subscription fees to offset the cost of the editorial and publication process.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 9.423.[16] PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with nearly 1.4 million citations from 1999 to 2009 (the Journal of Biological Chemistry is the most cited journal over this period).[17]
PNAS has received occasional criticism for releasing papers to science journalists as much as a week before making them available to the general public; this practice is known as a news embargo.[18] According to critics, this allows mainstream news outlets to misrepresent or exaggerate the implications of experimental findings before the scientific community is able to respond.[19][20] Science writer Ed Yong, on the other hand, has argued that the real problem is not embargoes themselves, but the press releases issued by research institutes and universities.[18]
PNAS Plus and significance statements[edit]
In January 2011, PNAS started considering manuscripts for exclusive online publication, "PNAS Plus" papers.[21] These have a larger maximum page limit (10 rather than 6 pages). Accompanying these papers both online and in print was a one- to two-page summary description written by the authors for a broad readership. Since mid-October 2012, PNAS Plus authors no longer need to submit author summaries and are instead asked to submit a 120-word-maximum statement about the significance of their paper. The significance statement will appear both online and in print.[22] Since July 15, 2013, the significance statement is required for all research articles.
Sustainability science[edit]
In 2006 PNAS launched a new section of the journal dedicated to sustainability science, an emerging field of research dealing with the interactions between natural and social systems, and with how those interactions affect the challenge of sustainability: meeting the needs of present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet's life support systems. See the Sustainability Science portal here.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Information for Authors". www.pnas.org. National Academy of Sciences. August 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
Jump up ^ "08.2.2009 - Top Ten Most-Cited Journals (All Fields), 1999-2009". Sciencewatch.com. Thomson Reuters. 2 August 2009. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c Information for Authors
Jump up ^ Alan Fersht (May 3, 2005). "Editorial: How and why to publish in PNAS". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (18): 6241–6242. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502713102. PMC 1088396  . PMID 16576766.
Jump up ^ Eugene Garfield (September 7, 1987). "Classic Papers from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" (PDF). Essays of an Information Scientist. 10 (36): 247. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
Jump up ^ Schekman, Randy (2009). "PNAS will eliminate Communicated submissions in July 2010". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (37): 15518. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909515106.
Jump up ^ Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. (2003). "PNAS policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (4): 1463. doi:10.1073/pnas.0630514100. PMC 149849  . PMID 12590130.
Jump up ^ Harmon, Amy (February 16, 2003). "Journal Editors to Consider U.S. Security in Publishing". New York Times.
Jump up ^ Fauber, John (February 16, 2003). "Science articles to be censored in terror fight". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
Jump up ^ Wein, L. M. (2005). "Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: The case of botulinum toxin in milk". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (28): 9984–9989. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408526102. PMC 1161865  . PMID 15985558.
Jump up ^ "Provocative report on bioterror online". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. June 29, 2005.
Jump up ^ Alberts, B. (2005). "Modeling attacks on the food supply". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (28): 9737–9738. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504944102. PMC 1175018  . PMID 15985557.
Jump up ^ About PNAS
Jump up ^ "Developing Countries Initiatives". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
Jump up ^ "PNAS electronic table of contents". PNAS website for signup and setting management.
Jump up ^ "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America". 2015 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top Ten Most-Cited Journals (All Fields), 1999–2009". 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Yong, Ed (2009-08-16). "Does Science Journalism Falter or Flourish Under Embargo?". NationalGeographic. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
Jump up ^ Liberman, Mark (April 22, 2009). "Debasing the Coinage of Rational Inquiry: a Case Study". Language Log. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Timmer, John (2009-04-16). "Social Media Threats Hyped by Science Reporting, Not Science". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
Jump up ^ Schekman, R. (2010). "Editorial: Creating a new option for online-only research articles: PNAS Plus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (35): 15309. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011179107.
Jump up ^ Verma, I. (2012). "PNAS Plus: Refining a successful experiment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109: 13469. doi:10.1073/pnas.1212313109. PMC 3427102  . PMID 22872861.
External links[edit]
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America&oldid=804522883"
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