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Gal Gadot
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Gal Gadot
Gadot at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con promoting Wonder Woman
Born
Gal Gadot
(1985-04-30) April 30, 1985 (age 32)
Petah Tikva, Israel[1]
Occupation
Actress
model
Years active
2004–present
Height
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)[2]
Spouse(s)
Yaron Varsano (m. 2008)
Children
2
Website
galgadot.com
Gal Gadot-Varsano[3] (Hebrew: גל גדות, pronounced [ˈɡal ɡaˈdot];[4] born April 30, 1985)[5] is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continuing again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman and will reprise the role in Justice League.[6][7] She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise.
Gadot was born and raised in Israel. At age 18 she was crowned Miss Israel 2004. She then served two years as a soldier in the Israel Defense Forces where she was a combat trainer. She began studying at IDC Herzliya college before pursuing modeling and acting.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
1.1 Military service
2 Career
2.1 Modeling and pageant career
2.2 Acting
3 Other work
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
5.3 Pageants
6 Awards and nominations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Gal Gadot was born in Petah Tikva, Israel,[1] and raised in its neighbouring city Rosh HaAyin.[8] In Hebrew, her first name means "wave" and her surname means "riverbanks".[9] Her parents are Irit (née Weiss), a teacher, and Michael Gadot, an engineer. Both her parents were born in Israel, and they had Hebraized their surname from "Greenstein".[10][11] Her father is a sixth-generation Israeli.[12] Her maternal grandparents were born in Europe; her grandfather, who was imprisoned in Auschwitz, survived the Holocaust, and her grandmother left before the Nazi invasion.[12][13][14] Gadot has stated that she was brought up in a "very Jewish, Israeli family environment". Her ancestry is Polish-Jewish, Austrian-Jewish, German-Jewish, and Czech-Jewish.[15] She has one younger sister named Dana. Her high school major was biology. She says that in high school she was successful at basketball because of her height.[2] As a teenager, her first jobs were babysitting and at Burger King.[16] As an adult, Gadot started studying law and political science twice at the IDC Herzliya college.[2][17]
Military service[edit]
Between the age of 18-20, Gadot served for two years as an enlisted soldier in the Israel Defense Forces, serving as a combat trainer.[18] She says of her time in the army: "You give two or three years, and it's not about you. You learn discipline and respect."[19] Gadot says that her background helped her to win the role of Gisele in Fast & Furious: "I think the main reason was that the director Justin Lin really liked that I was in the military, and he wanted to use my knowledge of weapons."[20]
Career[edit]
Modeling and pageant career[edit]
Gadot at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con panel for Justice League
Gadot has led international campaigns as a model for Miss Sixty, Huawei smartphones, Captain Morgan rum, Gucci fragrances and Vine Vera skincare ranges, and Jaguar Cars. In 2015, she became the face of Gucci's Bamboo perfume brand.[21] She has featured as the covergirl on Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Bride Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, UMM, Cleo, Fashion, Lucire, FHM. Gadot has been the main model for fashion brand Castro in 2008–2016.[22] In 2013, her combined annual modelling and acting salary was estimated at NIS 2.4 million, which was ahead of a number of other famous Israeli models such as Esti Ginzburg and Shlomit Malka, although significantly behind Bar Refaeli.[23]
At the age of 18 Gadot won the 2004 Miss Israel beauty pageant,[24] and next competed in the Miss Universe 2004 pageant in Ecuador. She carried out her two-year military service from the age of 20, then studied law.[25]
In 2007, 21-year-old Gadot was in the Maxim photo shoot, "Women of the Israeli Army", and was then featured on the cover of the New York Post. In April 2012, Shalom Life ranked her Number 5 on its list of "the 50 most talented, intelligent, funny, and gorgeous Jewish women in the world", behind model Bar Refaeli and actress Eva Green.[26] In 2014, Gadot was one of two Israeli actresses, along with Odeya Rush, listed as an upcoming leading lady by InStyle magazine.[27]
Acting[edit]
After Gadot had completed her first year of school a casting director contacted her agent to have Gadot audition for the part of Bond girl Camille Montes in the film Quantum of Solace.[25] Although the part eluded her, a few months later, Gadot starred in the 2008 Israeli drama Bubot. Three months later, the casting director from her Quantum of Solace audition cast Gadot for the role of Gisele Yashar in Fast & Furious, the fourth film in The Fast & the Furious franchise, having won the role over six other actresses.[28][29] Gadot performed her own stuntwork in those films.[30]
In 2010, she had small roles in the action-comedy Date Night and the action-adventure Knight and Day.[31] 2011 brought her back to The Fast & the Furious franchise, reprising her role as Gisele in Fast Five. In 2013, Gadot played Gisele again in Fast & Furious 6.
Gadot played Wonder Woman in the movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016). Gadot received swordsmanship, Kung Fu kickboxing, capoeira and Brazilian jiu-jitsu training in preparation for the role.[32] Gadot's performance as the superhero, which is the first time for the character on film, was hailed as one of the best parts of the film.[33]
Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, and Gadot at the San Diego Comic-Con panel for Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in 2014
Also in 2016, she had a small role in John Hillcoat's crime-thriller Triple 9, where she starred along with Kate Winslet and Aaron Paul.[34] Later that year, she co-starred in the thriller film Criminal, as the wife of Ryan Reynolds' character,[35] alongside Kevin Costner, Gary Oldman, and Tommy Lee Jones.[36] Her final film of 2016 was the comedy Keeping Up with the Joneses, in which she played a secret agent, alongside Isla Fisher and Jon Hamm.[37]
Gadot in 2017
In 2017, Gadot starred in a solo film for her character, Wonder Woman. She will reprise the role in the ensemble Justice League film scheduled for release on November 17, 2017, which would be her third DC Extended Universe installment.[38][39][40] In 2017 Gadot was also invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[41]
Other work[edit]
Gadot, fellow Wonder Woman actress Lynda Carter, DC Entertainment President Diane Nelson, Wonder Woman director Patty Jenkins and U.N. Under-Secretary General Cristina Gallach appeared at the United Nations on October 21, 2016, the 75th anniversary of the first appearance of Wonder Woman, to mark the character's designation by the United Nations as its "Honorary Ambassador for the Empowerment of Women and Girls".[42][43] The gesture was intended to raise awareness of UN Sustainable Development Goal No. 5, which seeks to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls by 2030.[42][43][44] The decision was met with protests from UN staff members who stated in their petition to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that the character is "not culturally encompassing or sensitive", and served to objectify women. As a result, the character was stripped of the designation, and the project ended December 16.[44]
Personal life[edit]
Gadot married Israeli real estate developer Yaron Versano on September 28, 2008.[45] They have two daughters.[46][47][48] Until 2015, the couple used to own a luxury hotel in Tel Aviv, which Gadot says she helped to run, including changing the bedsheets in the rooms herself.[49] They sold their hotel to Roman Abramovich in 2015 for $26 million.[50]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2009 Fast & Furious Gisele Yashar
2010 Date Night Natanya
Knight and Day Naomi
2011 Fast Five Gisele Yashar
2013 Fast & Furious 6 Gisele Yashar
2014 Kicking Out Shoshana Mirit Ben Harush Israeli film
2015 Furious 7 Gisele Yashar Credited and appears in a deleted scene[51]
2016 Triple 9 Elena Vlaslov
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Diana Prince / Wonder Woman
Criminal Jill Pope
Keeping Up with the Joneses Natalie Jones
2017 Wonder Woman Diana Prince / Wonder Woman
Justice League Post-production
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2007 Bubot Miriam "Merry" Elkayam Israeli series
2009 Entourage Lisa Episode: "Amongst Friends"
2009 The Beautiful Life Olivia 3 episodes
2011 Asfur Kika Israeli series
2012 Kathmandu Yamit Bareli Israeli series
2012 Eretz Nehederet Herself Israeli series
2017 Saturday Night Live Herself (host) Episode: "Gal Gadot/Sam Smith"
Pageants[edit]
Year
Title
Status
Notes
2004 Miss Israel 2004 Herself Winner
2004 Miss Universe 2004 Miss Israel Participant
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominated work
Result
Ref.
2016 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Breakout Star Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Nominated [52]
Choice Movie: Scene Stealer Nominated [52]
Chinese American Film Festival Most Popular US Actress in China Fast & Furious, Batman v Superman and Wonder Woman Won [53]
Critics' Choice Awards Best Actress in an Action Movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Nominated [54]
Women Film Critics Circle Awards Best Female Action Hero Nominated [55]
2017 Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Action Actress Wonder Woman Won [56]
Choice Movie: Comedy Actress Keeping Up with the Joneses Nominated [56]
See also[edit]
Israeli fashion
Women in Israel
Women in the Israel Defense Forces
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxiL1D4o8rM
^ Jump up to: a b c Sivan Kadmi (1 April 2010). "גל גדות" [Gal Gadot] (in Hebrew). Ynet.
Jump up ^ "גל גדות על פרשת אופק בוכריס: "איפה הצדק?"".
Jump up ^ IMAX (May 15, 2017). "Wonder Woman: Gal Gadot and Chris Pine" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Gal Gadot". AllMovie.com. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (4 December 2013). "Emerging Star Gal Gadot Set For Wonder Woman In 'Batman Vs. Superman'". Deadline.com. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Gal Gadot to Play Wonder Woman in 'Batman vs. Superman'". Variety. 4 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chatting With 'Fast Five' Star Gal Gadot". The Forward. 2 May 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Halutz, Avshalom (6 December 2013). "Who is Gal Gadot, Hollywood's next Wonder Woman?". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Scott, Becky (30 May 2017). "Have You Been Pronouncing Gal Gadot Wrong?". The Forward.
Jump up ^ "Instagram post by Gal Gadot • May 29, 2017 at 8:37pm UTC". Instagram.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/wonder-woman-gal-gadot-on-becoming-badass-female-action-hero-w498704
Jump up ^ "יום השואה: מפורסמים משתפים בזכרון אישי – וואלה! סלבס".
Jump up ^ "מס' 16: גל גדות". Ynet. 9 February 2004.
Jump up ^ "Entertainment | Features And Reviews". TotallyJewish.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Living in Los Angeles, Actress Gal Gadot Says She Misses Israeli ‘Chutzpah’". Algemeiner.com.
Jump up ^ Hirschberg, Lynn. "Gal Gadot Listened to Beyoncé to Prepare for Her Wonder Woman Audition".
Jump up ^ "Gal Gadot Is Wonder Woman: 'She Is Not Relying on a Man, and She's Not There Because of a Love Story". Glamour. March 2016.
Jump up ^ "סופר־גירל – ידיעות אחרונות". Yediot.co.il. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Chatting With 'Fast Five' Star Gal Gadot By Curt Schleier, 2 May 2011
Jump up ^ Romeyn, Kathryn (9 July 2015). "Wonder Woman Gal Gadot is the Face of Gucci's New Fragrance". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ "Israeli Fashion Retailer Torn Between Daring Spirit and Need to Please the Masses". Haaretz.
Jump up ^ הדוגמניות המרוויחות ביותר בישראל Forbes Israel, June 2013
Jump up ^ "Wonder Woman Star Gal Gadot Dazzled as Miss Israel".
^ Jump up to: a b FilmIsNow Movie Bloopers & Extras (March 25, 2016). "Batman v Superman Dawn of Justice - Gal Gadot Official Interview (2016)". Film Is Now – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Ashley Baylen (12 April 2012). "Top 50 Hottest Jewish Women (10–1) – Page2". Shalom Life. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Berger, Elia (8 June 2014), Israel's Gal Gadot and Odeya Rush get noticed as Hollywood's newest leading ladies, The Jerusalem Post
Jump up ^ "IGN: New Furious Babe". IGN. Newscorp. 4 March 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gal Gadot: Too fast too furious?". Israelenews.com. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Simone (4 December 2013). "Gal Gadot is Wonder Woman: Israeli badass takes on the boys in 'Batman vs. Superman'". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ "JUF : Teens : Celebrities : Gal Gadot". JUF. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Doran, Michael (27 December 2013). "Gal Gadot Responds To Being 'Too Skinny' for Wonder Woman". Newsarama. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Russell, Scarlett (27 March 2016). "Wonder Woman reborn: how she stole limelight from Batman and Superman". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Flemming Jr., Mike (5 February 2014). "Open Road Acquires Domestic On 'Triple Nine;' Michael B. Jordan, Aaron Paul, Gal Gadot, Michael Pena Join Killer Cast". Deadline. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (12 August 2014). "Wonder Woman Actress Gal Gadot Joins Kevin Costner in 'Criminal'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Criminal (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 4/20/15: Michael Bay Starts TMNT Sequel, Gal Gadot Begins Keeping Up With the Joneses, Natalie Dormer Wraps Shooting on Patient Zero". ssninsider.com. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gal Gadot cast as Wonder Woman: Comics world reacts on Twitter". Los Angeles Times. 5 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Begley, Chris. "Gal Gadot signed a 3 movie deal as Wonder Woman (video)". Batman News. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin. "'Wonder Woman' Gal Gadot Signs Three-Picture Deal with Warner Bros.". Variety. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Rottenberg, Josh (June 28, 2017). "Motion picture academy opens its doors to 774 new members as push for diversity continues". Los Angeles Times.
^ Jump up to: a b Serrao, Nivea (October 13, 2016). "Wonder Woman named UN Honorary Ambassador for empowerment of women and girls". Entertainment Weekly.
^ Jump up to: a b "Wonder Woman Named the United Nations' Honorary Ambassador for the Empowerment of Women and Girls". Business Wire. October 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, Elizabeth (December 13, 2016). "UN drops Wonder Woman as honorary ambassador". CNN.
Jump up ^ "Yaron Varsano- Wonder Woman actress Gal Gadot's Husband.". December 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Wonderwall.com Editors 2:36 pm PDT, 26 July 2016 (26 July 2016). "Gal Gadot daughter Alma Varsano – Gal Gadot Wonder Woman things to know | Gallery". Wonderwall.com. Retrieved 22 October 2016. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Wonder Woman Gal Gadot: My Daughter Made Me Appreciate the Importance of Female Superheroes". The Hollywood Reporter. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "And then we were four". Twitter. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Between the sheets with model Israeli", Jewish News, June 2, 2011, archived from the original on 2016-03-24
Jump up ^ Shlomit Tsur (13 April 2015). "Roman Abramovich buys Tel Aviv hotel" Archived 10 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Globes
Jump up ^ "Watch a Furious 7 Deleted Scene With Letty and Gisele". /Film. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Teen Choice Awards 2016—Captain America: Civil War Leads Second Wave of Nominations". E!. 9 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Monetti, Sandro (4 November 2016). "Blunder Woman? Gal Gadot Gets Wrong Gong – Entity". Entity. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Best Actress – 'La La Land,' 'Arrival,' 'Moonlight' Top Critics' Choice Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Women Film Critics Circle Nomination Award Picks For 2016". criticalwomen.blogspot.co.il. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Teen Choice Awards 2017 Winners: The Complete List". E! News. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gal Gadot.
Official website
Gal Gadot on IMDb
Preceded by
Sivan Klein Miss Israel
2004 Succeeded by
Elena Ralph
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Fight-or-flight response
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Fight or Flight.
Fight or flight?
The fight-or-flight response (also called hyperarousal, or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.[1] It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon.[a][2] His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the animal for fighting or fleeing.[3] More specifically, the adrenal medulla produces a hormonal cascade that results in the secretion of catecholamines, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine.[4] The hormones estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol, as well as the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, also affect how organisms react to stress.[5]
This response is recognized as the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Physiology
1.1 Autonomic nervous system
1.1.1 Sympathetic nervous system
1.1.2 Parasympathetic nervous system
1.2 Reaction
1.3 Function of physiological changes
2 Emotional components
2.1 Emotion regulation
2.2 Emotional reactivity
3 Cognitive components
3.1 Content specificity
3.2 Perception of control
3.3 Social information processing
4 Other animals
4.1 Evolutionary perspective
4.2 Examples
4.3 Varieties of responses
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
Physiology[edit]
Autonomic nervous system[edit]
See also: Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response and its role is mediated by two different components: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.[7]
Sympathetic nervous system[edit]
See also: Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord and its main function is to activate the physiological changes that occur during the fight-or-flight response. This component of the autonomic nervous system utilizes and activates the release of norepinephrine in the reaction.[8]
Parasympathetic nervous system[edit]
See also: Parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system originates in the sacral spinal cord and medulla, physically surrounding the sympathetic origin, and works in concert with the sympathetic nervous system. Its main function is to activate the "rest and digest" response and return the body to homeostasis after the fight or flight response. This system utilizes and activates the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.[8]
Reaction[edit]
The fight-or-flight response
The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH.[9] The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system.[10] The initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. This boost of energy is activated by epinephrine binding to liver cells and the subsequent production of glucose.[11] Additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids into available energy, which prepares muscles throughout the body for response.[12] Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action and :[13]
Acceleration of heart and lung action
Paling or flushing, or alternating between both
Inhibition of stomach and upper-intestinal action to the point where digestion slows down or stops
General effect on the sphincters of the body
Constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body
Liberation of metabolic energy sources (particularly fat and glycogen) for muscular action
Dilation of blood vessels for muscles
Inhibition of the lacrimal gland (responsible for tear production) and salivation
Dilation of pupil (mydriasis)
Relaxation of bladder
Inhibition of erection
Auditory exclusion (loss of hearing)
Tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision)
Disinhibition of spinal reflexes
Shaking.
Function of physiological changes[edit]
The physiological changes that occur during the fight or flight response are activated in order to give the body increased strength and speed in anticipation of fighting or running. Some of the specific physiological changes and their functions include:[14][15]
Increased blood flow to the muscles activated by diverting blood flow from other parts of the body.
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugars, and fats in order to supply the body with extra energy.
The blood clotting function of the body speeds up in order to prevent excessive blood loss in the event of an injury sustained during the response.
Increased muscle tension in order to provide the body with extra speed and strength.
Emotional components[edit]
Emotion regulation[edit]
See also: Emotional self-regulation
In the context of the fight or flight response, emotional regulation is used proactively to avoid threats of stress or to control the level of emotional arousal.[16][17]
Emotional reactivity[edit]
During the reaction, the intensity of emotion that is brought on by the stimulus will also determine the nature and intensity of the behavioral response.[18] Individuals with higher levels of emotional reactivity may be prone to anxiety and aggression, which illustrates the implications of appropriate emotional reaction in the fight or flight response.[19][20]
Cognitive components[edit]
Content specificity[edit]
The specific components of cognitions in the fight or flight response seem to be largely negative. These negative cognitions may be characterized by: attention to negative stimuli, the perception of ambiguous situations as negative, and the recurrence of recalling negative words.[21] There also may be specific negative thoughts associated with emotions commonly seen in the reaction.[22]
Perception of control[edit]
See also: Control (psychology)
Perceived control relates to an individual's thoughts about control over situations and events.[23] Perceived control should be differentiated from actual control because an individual's beliefs about their abilities may not reflect their actual abilities. Therefore, overestimation or underestimation of perceived control can lead to anxiety and aggression.[24]
Social information processing[edit]
See also: Social information processing (cognition)
The social information processing model proposes a variety of factors that determine behavior in the context of social situations and preexisting thoughts.[25] The attribution of hostility, especially in ambiguous situations, seems to be one of the most important cognitive factors associated with the fight or flight response because of its implications towards aggression.[26]
Other animals[edit]
Evolutionary perspective[edit]
An evolutionary psychology explanation is that early animals had to react to threatening stimuli quickly and did not have time to psychologically and physically prepare themselves. The fight or flight response provided them with the mechanisms to rapidly respond to threats against survival.[27][28]
Examples[edit]
A typical example of the stress response is a grazing zebra. If the zebra sees a lion closing in for the kill, the stress response is activated as a means to escape its predator. The escape requires intense muscular effort, supported by all of the body’s systems. The sympathetic nervous system’s activation rarely provides for these needs. A similar example involving fight is of a cat about to be attacked by a dog. The cat shows accelerated heartbeat, piloerection (hair standing on end, normally to dissipate heat), and pupil dilation, all signs of sympathetic arousal.[13] Note that the zebra and cat still maintain homeostasis in all states.
Varieties of responses[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Bison hunted by dogs
Animals respond to threats in many complex ways. Rats, for instance, try to escape when threatened, but will fight when cornered. Some animals stand perfectly still so that predators will not see them. Many animals freeze or play dead when touched in the hope that the predator will lose interest.
Other animals have alternative self-protection methods. Some species of cold-blooded animals change color swiftly, to camouflage themselves.[29] These responses are triggered by the sympathetic nervous system, but, in order to fit the model of fight or flight, the idea of flight must be broadened to include escaping capture either in a physical or sensory way. Thus, flight can be disappearing to another location or just disappearing in place. And often both fight and flight are combined in a given situation.
The fight or flight actions also have polarity – the individual can either fight or flee against something that is threatening, such as a hungry lion, or fight for or fly towards something that is needed, such as the safety of the shore from a raging river.
A threat from another animal does not always result in immediate fight or flight. There may be a period of heightened awareness, during which each animal interprets behavioral signals from the other. Signs such as paling, piloerection, immobility, sounds, and body language communicate the status and intentions of each animal. There may be a sort of negotiation, after which fight or flight may ensue, but which might also result in playing, mating, or nothing at all. An example of this is kittens playing: each kitten shows the signs of sympathetic arousal, but they never inflict real damage.
See also[edit]
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Coping (psychology)
Defense physiology
Emotional dysregulation
Freezing behavior
Escape distance
The Relaxation Response
Rest and digest
Vasoconstriction
Workplace bullying
Yerkes–Dodson law
Acute stress reaction
Anxiety
Anxiety disorder
Panic attack
Phobia
Social anxiety
Social anxiety disorder
Tend and befriend
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Some references say he first described the response in 1914 in The American Journal of Physiology. Others in the 1915 edition of Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage. Other sources say that he first used the term in 1929 or in 1932 edition of the same book. The issue needs further research.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cannon, Walter (1932). Wisdom of the Body. United States: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393002055.
Jump up ^ Walter Bradford Cannon (1929). Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Jump up ^ Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270).
Jump up ^ Walter Bradford Cannon (1915). Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage: An Account of Recent Researches into the Function of Emotional Excitement. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Jump up ^ "Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine: The Three Major Stress Hormones, Explained". Hufflington Post. April 19, 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Gozhenko, A; Gurkalova, I.P.; Zukow, W; Kwasnik, Z (2009). PATHOLOGY – Theory. Medical Student's Library. Radom. pp. 270–275.
Jump up ^ Schmidt, A; Thews, G (1989). "Autonomic Nervous System". In Janig, W. Human Physiology (2 ed.). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. pp. 333–370. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Chudler, Eric. "Neuroscience For Kids". University of Washington. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Margioris, Andrew; Tsatsanis, Christos (April 2011). "ACTH Action on the Adrenal". Endotext.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Padgett, David; Glaser, R (August 2003). "How stress influences the immune response". Trends in Immunology. 24 (8): 444–448. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00173-X. PMID 12909458.
Jump up ^ King, Michael. "PATHWAYS: GLYCOGEN & GLUCOSE". Washington University, St. Louis.
Jump up ^ "HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE DURING THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE". University of Utah. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Henry Gleitman, Alan J. Fridlund and Daniel Reisberg (2004). Psychology (6 ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97767-6.
Jump up ^ Stress Management for Health Course. "The Fight Flight Response". Retrieved 19 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Olpin, Michael. "The Science of Stress". Weber State University.
Jump up ^ Cistler, Josh; Bunmi O. Olatunji; Matthew T. Feldner; John P. Forsyth (2010). "Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 32 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9161-1. PMC 2901125  . PMID 20622981.
Jump up ^ Gross, James (1998). "Sharpening the Focus: Emotion Regulation, Arousal, and Social Competence". Psychological Inquiry. 9 (4): 287–290. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8.
Jump up ^ Avero, Pedro; Calvo, M (1 July 1999). "Emotional reactivity to social-evaluative stress: genderdifferences in response systems concordance". Personality and Individual Differences. 27 (1): 155–170. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00229-3.
Jump up ^ Carthy, T; Horesh N; Apter A; Edge MD; Gross JJ (May 2010). "Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children". Behavior Research and Therapy. 48 (5): 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013.
Jump up ^ Valiente, C; Eisenberg N; Smith CL; Reiser M; Fabes RA; Losoya S; Guthrie IK; Murphy BC (December 2003). "The relations of effortful control and reactive control to children's externalizing problems: A longitudinal assessment". Personality. 71 (6): 1171–1196. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106011. PMID 14633062.
Jump up ^ Reid, Sophie C.; Salmon, Karen; Peter F. Lovibond (October 2006). "Cognitive Biases in Childhood Anxiety, Depression, and Aggression: Are They Pervasive or Specific?". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 30 (5): 531–549. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9077-y.
Jump up ^ Beck, Aaron (1979). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. United States: Penguin Books.
Jump up ^ Weems, CF; Silverman, WK (April 2006). "An integrative model of control: implications for understanding emotion regulation and dysregulation in childhood anxiety". Journal of Affective disorders. 91 (2): 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.009.
Jump up ^ Brendgen, M; Vitaro F; Turgeon L; Poulin F; Wanner B (June 2004). "Is there a dark side of positive illusions? Overestimation of social competence and subsequent adjustment in aggressive and nonaggressive children". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 32 (3): 305–320. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000026144.08470.cd. PMID 15228179.
Jump up ^ Crick, Nicki; Dodge, Kenneth (January 1994). "A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment". Psychological Bulletin. 115 (1): 74–101. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74.
Jump up ^ Dodge, Kenneth (March 1980). "Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior". Journal of Child Development. 51 (1): 162–170. doi:10.2307/1129603.
Jump up ^ Grohol, John. "What's the purpose of the fight or flight response?". Retrieved 18 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, David; Kopin, I (2007). "Evolution of concepts of stress". Stress. 10 (2): 109–20. doi:10.1080/10253890701288935. PMID 17514579.
Jump up ^ Gill, A.C. (2004). Revision of the Indo-Pacific dottyback fish subfamily Pseudochrominae (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae). Smithiana Monographs. pp. 1–123.
Further reading[edit]
Sapolsky, Robert M., 1994. Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers. W.H. Freeman and Company.
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/chapter4/sec2_1.html".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fight-or-flight_response&oldid=816975993"
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The Hills Have Eyes (2006 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the 2006 remake. For the original 1977 film, see The Hills Have Eyes (1977 film). For the film series, see The Hills Have Eyes (2006 film series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Hills Have Eyes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Alexandre Aja
Produced by
Wes Craven
Peter Locke
Marianne Maddalena
Cody Zwieg
Screenplay by
Alexandre Aja
Grégory Levasseur
Based on
The Hills Have Eyes
by Wes Craven
Starring
Aaron Stanford
Kathleen Quinlan
Vinessa Shaw
Emilie de Ravin
Dan Byrd
Robert Joy
Ted Levine
Music by
Tomandandy
François-Eudes Chanfrault
Cinematography
Maxime Alexandre
Edited by
Baxter
Production
company
Dune Entertainment
Major Studio Partners
Distributed by
Fox Searchlight Pictures
Release date
March 10, 2006 (2006-03-10)
Running time
106 Minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$15 million
Box office
$69.6 million[1]
The Hills Have Eyes is a 2006 American horror film and remake of Wes Craven's 1977 film of the same name. It was written by filmmaking partners Alexandre Aja and Grégory Levasseur of the French horror film Haute Tension, and directed by Aja. The film follows a family that is targeted by a group of cannibalistic mutants after their car breaks down in the desert.
The film was released theatrically in the United States and United Kingdom on March 10, 2006. It earned $15.5 million in its opening weekend in the U.S., where it was originally rated NC-17 for strong gruesome violence, but was later edited down to an R-rating. An unrated DVD version was released on June 20, 2006. A sequel, The Hills Have Eyes 2, was released in theaters March 23, 2007.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Effects
3.2 Casting
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reception
5 Soundtrack
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In the New Mexico desert, a group of scientists are killed by a mutant named Pluto (Michael Bailey Smith). Later, Bob Carter (Ted Levine) and his wife, Ethel (Kathleen Quinlan) are traveling from Cleveland, Ohio to San Diego, California for their silver anniversary. With them are their teenage children Bobby (Dan Byrd) and Brenda (Emilie de Ravin), eldest daughter Lynn (Vinessa Shaw), Lynn's husband Doug Bukowski (Aaron Stanford), Lynn and Doug's baby Catherine (Maisie Camilleri Preziosi), and their German Shepherds, Beauty and Beast.
In the New Mexico desert, they meet a gas station attendant named Jeb (Tom Bower), who tells them of a short-cut through the hills. After taking the supposed short-cut, their tires are punctured by a hidden spike strip. Doug and Bob go look for help, while the rest of the family stays behind.
Later that day Bobby chases a panicked Beauty into the hills and finds her mutilated body. Frightened, he runs and falls, knocking himself unconscious. A young female mutant named Ruby (Laura Ortiz) finds him and protects him from her brother Goggle (Ezra Buzzington).
As Doug travels towards the interstate, he finds a vast area full of craters that are filled with numerous abandoned cars and other items.
Bob goes back to the gas station for help, and after finding news clippings detailing various disappearances that have occurred in the area, he realizes the attendant purposefully led them to danger by suggesting they take an alternative route through the hills. When Bob exits he finds the hysterical Jeb, who commits suicide in front of him. In fear, Bob attempts to flee, but is attacked by the mutant leader, Papa Jupiter (Billy Drago), and dragged into the mining caves by Jupiter, Jupiter's eldest son Lizard (Robert Joy), and Pluto.
Bobby returns to the trailer, but doesn't mention Beauty's death not wanting to frighten the rest of the family. Later that night, the family is awakened by Bob's screams, and they all rush from the trailer, except for Brenda and the baby, who are left behind. Outside they find Bob being burned alive on a stake and frantically try to save him, but to no avail. Meanwhile, Pluto and Lizard use the distraction to ransack the trailer, and Lizard beats and rapes Brenda. When Lynn returns to the trailer she is greeted by Lizard and Pluto, and forced to let Lizard drink from her breasts while her baby is held at gunpoint. When Ethel returns she is shot by Lizard, and Lynn stabs Lizard in the leg, prompting him to shoot Lynn in the head. Lizard and Pluto flee with the baby after Lizard attempts to shoot Brenda with an unloaded gun.
Doug and Bobby return to the trailer and discover Lynn and Ethel, who die shortly afterward. Goggle, who is watching the Carters with a pair of binoculars, is attacked by Beast, who tears his throat out, killing him. The next morning, Doug and Beast set out to rescue Catherine. During his search, Doug comes across an abandoned nuclear testing village, and is knocked unconscious by Big Mama (Ivana Turchetto). Upon awakening, he escapes an ice box filled with human body parts and continues his search, only to encounter Big Brain (Desmond Askew). After Big Brain tells him the mutants' origins, Doug is attacked by Pluto, who beats him and severs two of his fingers with an axe. Pluto almost kills Doug, but Doug manages to gain the upper hand while Pluto is distracted, and kills him with his own axe.
Outside, Doug kills the mutant Cyst (Gregory Nicotero) and continues to search for Catherine. After ordering Lizard to kill Catherine, Big Brain is mauled to death by Beast. Lizard takes a cleaver and prepares to kill Catherine, but finds that Ruby has replaced the baby with a piglet and taken her. Doug sees Ruby running through the hills with Catherine and follows her. At the trailer, Brenda and Bobby discover their mother's body missing and track it to find Papa Jupiter eating her, so they lure him towards the trailer and prepare an explosive trap, which destroys the trailer, apparently killing Papa Jupiter.
Doug catches up with Ruby, but before she can return Catherine, Lizard attacks him. Lizard and Doug have fight and Lizard is presumed dead. Ruby gives Doug his daughter back. Lizard, who is still alive aims a shotgun at Doug. In order to save Doug, Ruby tackles Lizard off a cliff, sending them falling to their deaths. Bobby and Brenda find that Papa Jupiter managed to survive their trap, and Brenda finishes him off. They are then reunited with an exhausted and bloody Doug, Catherine, and Beast. As the survivors of the Carter family embrace, an unknown mutant watches them through binoculars from the hills.
Cast[edit]
Aaron Stanford as Doug Bukowski
Kathleen Quinlan as Ethel Carter
Vinessa Shaw as Lynn Carter-Bukowski
Emilie de Ravin as Brenda Carter
Dan Byrd as Bobby Carter
Tom Bower as Jeb, the Gas Station Attendant
Billy Drago as Papa Jupiter
Robert Joy as Lizard
Ted Levine as "Big" Bob Carter
Desmond Askew as Big Brain
Ezra Buzzington as Goggle
Michael Bailey Smith as Pluto
Laura Ortiz as Ruby
Maisie Camilleri Preziosi as Catherine Bukowski
Gregory Nicotero as Cyst
Ivana Turchetto as Big Mama
Maxime Giffard as First Victim
Judith Jane Vallette as Venus
Adam Perrell as Mercury
Production[edit]
Wes Craven, director and writer of the original film, considered a remake after he saw the success of other horror remakes such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and The Amityville Horror. The search then began for filmmakers to helm the project. Marianne Maddalena, Craven's long time producing partner, came across Alexandre Aja and his art director/collaborator Grégory Levasseur who had previously made the French slasher film Haute Tension. After showing the film to Craven and the rest of the production crew, they were impressed with the pair. Craven comments that they "demonstrated a multi-faceted understanding of what is profoundly terrifying" and "After viewing the film and then meeting the film makers, I knew I wanted to work with them."[2] Aja and Levasseur then began to re-write the story in what is the pair's first American production.
Director Aja and art director Grégory Levasseur chose not to film in the original's filming location of Victorville, California, and instead scouted many locations for filming including Namibia, South Africa, New Mexico, and Mexico. The two settled on Ouarzazate in Morocco, which was also known as "the gateway to the Sahara Desert".[2]
The film is set in New Mexico, and strongly implies that a large number of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests were performed in that state. In fact, the only atmospheric nuclear detonation in New Mexico was the Trinity test, the first test of a nuclear device conducted on July 16, 1945. The United States carried out most of its atmospheric nuclear weapons tests at the Nevada Test Site and in the Marshall Islands at the lagoons of Bikini and Eniwetok, between 1946 and 1962. The theatrical poster shows Vinessa Shaw's character lying down with a mutant hand on her face.
Effects[edit]
Prior to filming, Aja and Levasseur had already conceived an idea for the mutants' appearance. "We based all our descriptions and directions on real documents, pictures and footage that we found on the effects of nuclear fallout in Chernobyl and Hiroshima", explains Aja. The Hills Have Eyes utilized the K.N.B. EFX Group Inc. who had done previous work on films such as The Chronicles of Narnia (for which they were nominated for an Academy Award) and Sin City.
K.N.B. spent over six months designing the mutants, first using 3D designer tools, such as ZBrush, allowing them to use a computer to generate their sculptures. After prosthetics were made, they could be fitted to the actors before filming. Robert Joy, who plays the mutant Lizard, explained, "Every day, these amazing artists took more than three hours to transform me into something that could only be found in a nightmare."[2]
K.N.B. artist Gregory Nicotero was also made a cameo as Cyst, the mutant with the halo head-gear.
Jamison Goei and his team, who had done previous work on Hellraiser: Hellseeker and Halloween: Resurrection, had done over 130 visual effects for the film. A large part of that was digitally constructing the testing village, which in actuality was only one built street with others digitally added. The team also warped the mutant's faces slightly, which is shown mostly in the character of Ruby.
Papa Jupiter displays no deformities. However, as shown in "The Making Of", Papa Jupiter appears to have a large parasitic twin attached to his upper left torso. The young children of the film had their deformities added by CGI, with the exception of Ruby, who had a combination of CGI and makeup.
Casting[edit]
The casting process began with the selection of The Silence of the Lambs's Ted Levine as the character Big Bob. Levine was also a fan of the film Haute Tension. Afterward, Kathleen Quinlan was cast as Ethel in her first role starring in a horror film (despite appearing in Twilight Zone: The Movie and Event Horizon). Next, Aaron Stanford was cast as Doug Bukowski who "undergoes the most radical transformation of anyone in the Carter family"[2] Stanford even asked not to see any of the mutants in make-up before his character's battle in the testing village so, that way, he'd be truly frightened. When casting Lynn, Doug's wife, Aja wanted to cast Vinessa Shaw who he had wanted to work with since seeing her in Stanley Kubrick's 1999 film Eyes Wide Shut. Shaw was hesitant to play the role, but after watching Haute Tension, she agreed, explaining: "There was such an odd combination of beauty and terror, it felt almost like an art film. So, after meeting with Alex and Greg, I decided to do it."[2] For the role of Brenda, the filmmakers sought a young actress who had relatively little exposure and found it in Emilie de Ravin who was beginning her rise in the television series Lost. After de Ravin, Dan Byrd was cast as Bobby. Byrd had previous genre experience starring in Salem's Lot.
Aja then had the six actors arrive in the filming location of Morocco early to bond together.
When casting for the mutants, associate producer Cody Zwieg explained: "We needed to find actors who could not only perform the stunt work, handle the extensive makeup and perform in that makeup, but who truly could embody the fierce, primal nature of the mutants' way of life."[2] To play the role of Pluto, Aja looked to Michael Bailey Smith, who had been in A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child. For Lizard, the filmmakers cast Robert Joy, who had made previous genre films such as Amityville 3-D and George A. Romero's Land of the Dead. Ezra Buzzington, impressed with the filmmakers, agreed to play the role of Goggle and even watched a documentary about human cultures engaging in cannibalism. To play the mutant leader, Billy Drago was cast. Drago had previously had a role in Brian De Palma's The Untouchables and other horror features. The most difficult mutant to cast was Ruby, who was a "touch of sweetness to the madness of the mutants."[2] Laura Ortiz was ultimately cast, making her film debut.
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Hills Have Eyes was a commercial success, playing in total 2,521 theaters and taking in its opening weekend $15,708,512.[3] The film grossed $41,778,863 in the United States Box Office[4] and $70,000,000 worldwide,[3] surpassing its budget costs by over fourfold.
The film placed third at the box office during its opening week.[5] It dropped to fifth after its second week of release, and to eighth after its third week. It fell out of the Top 10 into twelfth place after four weeks in release. After five weeks, it placed seventeenth at the box office, and it fell out of the Top 20 into twenty-first place after its sixth week. It continued to fall in subsequent weeks.[5]
The Hills Have Eyes was in first release for a total of 105 days, or 15 weeks, with its final showing on June 22, 2006.[3]
Critical reception[edit]
Reviews were mixed, with an average critic "Rotten" rating of 50% on Rotten Tomatoes and a critical consensus stating "Faster paced for today's audiences, this 'Hills' remake ratchets up the gore for the hardcore horror fans, but will turn away casual audiences."[6] The Washington Post said: "this remake of the alleged 1977 Wes Craven classic has one very disturbing quality: It's too damned good."[7] Some have gone on to refer to the film as torture porn.[8] Bloody Disgusting, however, was scathing of those who referred to the movie's genre as such, saying "some may call it 'Torture porn' - these people are idiots".[9] Roger Ebert also gave a negative review, mentioning that the characters in the film are not familiar with horror movies, and went on to cite that the film should have focused more on the characters rather than the violence, saying "The Hills Have Eyes finds an intriguing setting in 'typical' fake towns built by the government [...] But its mutants are simply engines of destruction. There is a misshapen creature who coordinates attacks with a walkie-talkie; I would have liked to know more about him, but no luck."[10]
Soundtrack[edit]
The Hills Have Eyes
Film score by Various
Released
March 7, 2006
Genre
Soundtracks
Film scores
Length
70:14
Label
Lakeshore Records 33852
Various chronology
The Hills Have Eyes The Hills Have Eyes 2String Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found
The soundtrack score was composed by "tomandandy". The record was released on March 7, 2006 via Lakeshore Records label.[11]
Track listing
US Edition[12]
Tracks 10-29 are all original music composed by tomandandy
Leave the Broken Hearts - The Finalist
Blue Eyes Woman - The Go
Highway Kind - Moot Davis
Summers Gonna Be My Girl - The Go
More and More - Webb Pierce
The Walls - Vault
In the Valley of the Sun - Buddy Stuart
Daisy - Wires on Fire
California Dreamin' - The Mamas and the Papas
Forbidden Zone
Gas Haven
Out House
Praying
Beauty
Ravens
Daddy Daddy
Beast Finds Beauty
Trailer
Aftermath
Ethel's Death
Next Morning
Mine
Village Test
Breakfast Time
Play with Us
The Quest I
The Quest II
Sacrifice
It's Over?
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hillshaveeyes06.htm
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The Hills Have Eyes Production PDF" (PDF). 20th Century Fox. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Hills Have Eyes". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Jump up ^ "The Hills Have Eyes (2006)". movieweb.com. Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Hills Have Eyes - Weekly Box Office Results". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Hills Have Eyes". Rotton Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Stephen (2006-03-10). "'The Hills Have Eyes': Can You Watch, Too?". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Movie review: 'The Hills Have Eyes'". Startribube.com. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Jump up ^ "00's Retrospect: 2006". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Jump up ^ "The Hills Have Eyes (R)". rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
Jump up ^ "tomandandy — The Hills Have Eyes". discogs.com. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
Jump up ^ "The Hills Have Eyes". Amazon.com. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
External links[edit]
The Hills Have Eyes on IMDb
The Hills Have Eyes at AllMovie
The Hills Have Eyes at Box Office Mojo
The Hills Have Eyes at Rotten Tomatoes
Interview with director Alexandre Aja at www.sci-fi-online.com
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The Hills Have Eyes
Original films
The Hills Have Eyes (1977)
The Hills Have Eyes Part II (1984)
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The Hills Have Eyes (2006)
The Hills Have Eyes 2 (2007)
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The Mutants
Mind Ripper (unofficial sequel)
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Films directed by Alexandre Aja
Furia (1999)
High Tension (2003)
The Hills Have Eyes (2006)
Mirrors (2008)
Piranha 3D (2010)
Horns (2013)
The 9th Life of Louis Drax (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hills_Have_Eyes_(2006_film)&oldid=853602831"
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