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Alcoholic drink
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This article is about drinks containing alcohol. For alcohol as a drug specifically, see Alcohol (drug).
A selection of alcoholic drinks. From left to right: red wine, malt whisky, lager, sparkling wine, lager, cherry liqueur and red wine.
A liquor store in the United States. Global sales of alcoholic drinks exceeded $1 trillion in 2014.
An alcoholic drink, or alcoholic beverage, is a drink that contains alcohol (ethanol), a depressant which in low doses causes euphoria, reduced anxiety, and sociability and in higher doses causes drunkenness, stupor and unconsciousness. Long-term use can lead to alcohol abuse, physical dependence, and alcoholism.
Drinking alcohol plays an important social role in many cultures. Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.[1] Some countries ban such activities entirely, but alcoholic drinks are legal in most parts of the world. The global alcoholic drink industry exceeded $1 trillion in 2014.[2]
Alcohol is one of the most widely used recreational drugs in the world. For instance, in 2015, among Americans, 89% of adults had consumed alcohol at some point, 70% had drunk it in the last year, and 56% in the last month.[3] Alcoholic drinks are typically divided into three classes—beers, wines, and spirits—and typically contain between 3% and 48.5% of alcohol content.
Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period (cir. 10,000 BC).[4] Many animals also consume alcohol when given the opportunity and are affected in much the same way as humans, although humans are the only species known to produce alcoholic drinks intentionally.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Fermented drinks
1.1 Wine
1.2 Beer
1.3 Cider
1.4 Mead
1.5 Pulque
2 Distilled drinks
2.1 Rectified spirit
3 Health effects
3.1 Short-term effects
3.2 Long-term effects
3.3 Congeners
4 Food energy
5 Usage
5.1 Apéritifs and digestifs
5.2 Flavoring
6 Alcohol measurement
6.1 Alcohol concentration
6.2 Serving measures
6.2.1 Shot sizes
6.2.2 Standard drinks
7 Laws
8 History
9 See also
9.1 Beverage-related articles
9.2 Social and health
10 References
11 External links
Fermented drinks[edit]
Wine (left) and beer (right) are served in different glasses.
Wine[edit]
Main article: Wine
See also: Wine and health
Wine is a fermented beverage produced from grapes. Wine involves a longer fermentation process than beer and also a long aging process (months or years), resulting in an alcohol content of 9%–16% ABV. Sparkling wine can be made by means of a secondary fermentation.
"Fruit wines" are made from fruits other than grapes, such as plums, cherries, or apples. Sake is a popular example of "rice wine".
Beer[edit]
Main article: Beer
See also: Beer styles and List of beer styles
Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash. It is typically made from barley or a blend of several grains and flavored with hops. Most beer is naturally carbonated as part of the fermentation process. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the drink becomes a spirit. In the Andean region, the most common beer is chicha, made from grain or fruits.[6] Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world.[7]
Cider[edit]
Cider or cyder (/ˈsaɪdər/ SY-dər) is a fermented alcoholic drink made from any fruit juice; apple juice (traditional and most common), peaches, pears ("Perry" cider) or other fruit. Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English ciders. In some regions, cider may be called "apple wine".[8]
Mead[edit]
Mead (/miːd/) is an alcoholic drink made by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops. The alcoholic content of mead may range from about 8% ABV to more than 20%. The defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the drink's fermentable sugar is derived from honey.
Pulque[edit]
Pulque is the Mesoamerican fermented drink made from the "honey water" of maguey cacti. The drink distilled from pulque is tequila or mescal.[9]
Distilled drinks[edit]
Main article: Distilled beverage
These flaming cocktails illustrate that high-proof alcohol will readily catch fire and burn.
A distilled drink or liquor is an alcoholic drink produced by distilling (i.e., concentrating by distillation) ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables.[10] Unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic drinks that have an alcohol content of at least 20% ABV are called spirits.[11] For the most common distilled drinks, such as whiskey and vodka, the alcohol content is around 40%. The term hard liquor is used in North America to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones (implicitly weaker). Vodka, gin, baijiu, tequila, whiskey, brandy, and soju are examples of distilled drinks. Distilling concentrates the alcohol and eliminates some of the congeners. Freeze distillation concentrates ethanol along with methanol and fusel alcohols (fermentation by-products partially removed by distillation) in applejack.
Fortified wine is wine, such as port or sherry, to which a distilled beverage (usually brandy) has been added.[12] Fortified wine is distinguished from spirits made from wine in that spirits are produced by means of distillation, while fortified wine is simply wine that has had a spirit added to it. Many different styles of fortified wine have been developed, including port, sherry, madeira, marsala, commandaria, and the aromatized wine vermouth.[13]
Rectified spirit[edit]
Rectified spirit, also called "neutral grain spirit," is alcohol which has been purified by means of "rectification" (i.e. repeated distillation). The term neutral refers to the spirit's lack of the flavor that would have been present if the mash ingredients had been distilled to a lower level of alcoholic purity. Rectified spirit also lacks any flavoring added to it after distillation (as is done, for example, with gin). Other kinds of spirits, such as whiskey, are distilled to a lower alcohol percentage to preserve the flavor of the mash.
Rectified spirit is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid that may contain as much as 95% ABV. It is often used for medicinal purposes. It may be a grain spirit or it may be made from other plants. It is used in mixed drinks, liqueurs, and tinctures, and also as a household solvent.
Health effects[edit]
Main article: Alcohol and health
Results of the 2010 ISCD study ranking the levels of damage caused by drugs, in the opinion of drug-harm experts. When harm to self and others is summed, alcohol was the most harmful of all drugs considered, scoring 72%.
Short-term effects[edit]
Main article: Short-term effects of alcohol
Wine, beer, distilled spirits and other alcoholic drinks contain ethyl alcohol and alcohol consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the wine, beer or spirits and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Alcohol in carbonated drinks is absorbed faster than alcohol in non-carbonated drinks.[14]
Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09% to 0.25% causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A BAC from 0.18% to 0.30% causes profound confusion, impaired speech (e.g., slurred speech), staggering, dizziness and vomiting. A BAC from 0.25% to 0.40% causes stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting (death may occur due to inhalation of vomit (pulmonary aspiration) while unconscious) and respiratory depression (potentially life-threatening). A BAC from 0.35% to 0.80% causes a coma (unconsciousness), life-threatening respiratory depression and possibly fatal alcohol poisoning. As with all alcoholic drinks, drinking while driving, operating an aircraft or heavy machinery increases the risk of an accident; many countries have penalties against drunk driving.
Long-term effects[edit]
See also: Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic red wine may boost heart health.[15]
The main active ingredient of wine, beer and distilled spirits is alcohol. Drinking small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men per day) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus and early death.[16] Drinking more than this amount, however, increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.[16] The risk is greater in younger people due to binge drinking which may result in violence or accidents.[16] About 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all global deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol each year.[17] Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years[18] and alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.[16] No professional medical association recommends that people who are nondrinkers should start drinking wine.[16][19] Another long-term effect of alcohol usage, when also used with tobacco products, is alcohol acting as a solvent, which allows harmful chemicals in tobacco to get inside the cells that line the digestive tract. Alcohol slows these cells' healing ability to repair the damage to their DNA caused by the harmful chemicals in tobacco. Alcohol contributes to cancer through this process.[20]
While lower quality evidence suggests a cardioprotective effect, no controlled studies have been completed on the effect of alcohol on the risk of developing heart disease or stroke. Excessive consumption of alcohol can cause liver cirrhosis and alcoholism.[21] The American Heart Association "cautions people NOT to start drinking ... if they do not already drink alcohol. Consult your doctor on the benefits and risks of consuming alcohol in moderation."[22]
Alcoholic drinks are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans). IARC classifies alcoholic drink consumption as a cause of female breast, colorectum, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers; and as a probable cause of pancreatic cancer.[23]
Congeners[edit]
See also: Congener (alcohol), Wine chemistry, and Hangover
In the alcoholic drinks industry, congeners are substances produced during fermentation. These substances include small amounts of chemicals such as occasionally desired other alcohols, like propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, but also compounds that are never desired such as acetone, acetaldehyde and glycols. Congeners are responsible for most of the taste and aroma of distilled alcoholic drinks, and contribute to the taste of non-distilled drinks.[24] It has been suggested that these substances contribute to the symptoms of a hangover.[25] Tannins are congeners found in wine in the presence of phenolic compounds. Wine tannins add bitterness, have a drying sensation, taste herbaceous and are often described as astringent. Wine tannins adds balance, complexity, structure and makes a wine last longer, so they play an important role in the aging of wine.[26]
Food energy[edit]
Alcoholic drinks are a source of food energy. The USDA uses a figure of 6.93 kilocalories (29.0 kJ) per gram of alcohol (5.47 kcal (22.9 kJ) per ml) for calculating food energy.[27] In addition to alcohol, many alcoholic drinks contain carbohydrates. For example, along with approximately 96 calories from alcohol in 12 US fl oz (355 ml) of 5% ABV beer, there are usually 10–15 g of carbohydrates (40–60 kcal or 170–250 kJ).[citation needed] Excessive daily calorie intake may contribute to an increase in body weight and so-called "beer belly". In addition to the direct effect of its caloric content, alcohol is also known to potentiate the insulin response of the human body to glucose, which, in essence, "instructs" the body to convert consumed carbohydrates into fat and to suppress carbohydrate and fat oxidation.[28][29] Ethanol is directly processed in the liver to acetyl CoA, the same intermediate product as in glucose metabolism. Because ethanol can only be metabolized and consumed by the liver, chronic excessive use can lead to fatty liver. This leads to a chronic inflammation of the liver and eventually alcoholic liver disease.
Usage[edit]
Apéritifs and digestifs[edit]
An apéritif is any alcoholic beverage usually served before a meal to stimulate the appetite,[30] while a digestif is any alcoholic beverage served after a meal for the stated purpose of improving digestion. Fortified wine, liqueurs, and dry champagne are common apéritifs. Because apéritifs are served before dining, they are usually dry rather than sweet. One example is Cinzano, a brand of vermouth. Digestifs include brandy, fortified wines and herb-infused spirits (Drambuie).
Flavoring[edit]
Pure ethanol tastes bitter to humans; some people also describe it as sweet.[31] However, ethanol is also a moderately good solvent for many fatty substances and essential oils. This facilitates the use of flavoring and coloring compounds in alcoholic drinks as a taste mask, especially in distilled drinks. Some flavors may be naturally present in the beverage's raw material. Beer and wine may also be flavored before fermentation, and spirits may be flavored before, during, or after distillation. Sometimes flavor is obtained by allowing the beverage to stand for months or years in oak barrels, usually made of American or French oak. A few brands of spirits may also have fruit or herbs inserted into the bottle at the time of bottling.
Reduction of red wine for a sauce by cooking it on a stovetop. It is called a reduction because the heat boils off some of the water and most of the more volatile alcohol, leaving a more concentrated, wine-flavoured sauce.
Wine is important in cuisine not just for its value as an accompanying beverage, but as a flavor agent, primarily in stocks and braising, since its acidity lends balance to rich savory or sweet dishes.[32] Wine sauce is an example of a culinary sauce that uses wine as a primary ingredient.[33] Natural wines may exhibit a broad range of alcohol content, from below 9% to above 16% ABV, with most wines being in the 12.5–14.5% range.[34] Fortified wines (usually with brandy) may contain 20% alcohol or more.
Alcohol measurement[edit]
Alcohol concentration[edit]
Typical ABV ranges[35]
Beers typically 5% (range is from 3–15%)
Wines typically 13.5% (range is from 8%–17%)
Fortified wines 15–22%
Spirits typically 30%-40% (range is from 15% to, in some rare cases, up to 98%)
Fruit juices < 0.1%
Cider, wine coolers 4%–8%
Main article: Alcohol by volume
The concentration of alcohol in a beverage is usually stated as the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV, the number of milliliters (ml) of pure ethanol in 100 ml of beverage) or as proof. In the United States, proof is twice the percentage of alcohol by volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit (e.g. 80 proof = 40% ABV). Degrees proof were formerly used in the United Kingdom, where 100 degrees proof was equivalent to 57.1% ABV. Historically, this was the most dilute spirit that would sustain the combustion of gunpowder.
Ordinary distillation cannot produce alcohol of more than 95.6% by weight, which is about 97.2% ABV (194.4 proof) because at that point alcohol is an azeotrope with water. A spirit which contains a very high level of alcohol and does not contain any added flavoring is commonly called a neutral spirit. Generally, any distilled alcoholic beverage of 170 US proof or higher is considered to be a neutral spirit.[36]
Most yeasts cannot reproduce when the concentration of alcohol is higher than about 18%, so that is the practical limit for the strength of fermented drinks such as wine, beer, and sake. However, some strains of yeast have been developed that can reproduce in solutions of up to 25% ABV.[37]
Serving measures[edit]
See also: Alcohol equivalence
Shot sizes[edit]
Shot sizes vary significantly from country to country. In the United Kingdom, serving size in licensed premises is regulated under the Weights and Measures Act (1985). A single serving size of spirits (gin, whisky, rum, and vodka) are sold in 25 ml or 35 ml quantities or multiples thereof.[38] Beer is typically served in pints (568 ml), but is also served in half-pints or third-pints. In Israel, a single serving size of spirits is about twice as much, 50 or 60 mL.
The shape of a glass can have a significant effect on how much one pours. A Cornell University study of students and bartenders' pouring showed both groups pour more into short, wide glasses than into tall, slender glasses.[39] Aiming to pour one shot of alcohol (1.5 ounces or 44.3 ml), students on average poured 45.5 ml & 59.6 ml (30% more) respectively into the tall and short glasses. The bartenders scored similarly, on average pouring 20.5% more into the short glasses. More experienced bartenders were more accurate, pouring 10.3% less alcohol than less experienced bartenders. Practice reduced the tendency of both groups to over pour for tall, slender glasses but not for short, wide glasses. These misperceptions are attributed to two perceptual biases: (1) Estimating that tall, slender glasses have more volume than shorter, wider glasses; and (2) Over focusing on the height of the liquid and disregarding the width.
Standard drinks[edit]
A "standard drink" of hard liquor does not necessarily reflect a typical serving size, such as seen here
A standard drink is a notional drink that contains a specified amount of pure alcohol. The standard drink is used in many countries to quantify alcohol intake. It is usually expressed as a measure of beer, wine, or spirits. One standard drink always contains the same amount of alcohol regardless of serving size or the type of alcoholic beverage. The standard drink varies significantly from country to country. For example, it is 7.62 ml (6 grams) of alcohol in Austria, but in Japan it is 25 ml (19.75 grams).
In the United Kingdom, there is a system of units of alcohol which serves as a guideline for alcohol consumption. A single unit of alcohol is defined as 10 ml. The number of units present in a typical drink is sometimes printed on bottles. The system is intended as an aid to people who are regulating the amount of alcohol they drink; it is not used to determine serving sizes.
In the United States, the standard drink contains 0.6 US fluid ounces (18 ml) of alcohol. This is approximately the amount of alcohol in a 12-US-fluid-ounce (350 ml) glass of beer, a 5-US-fluid-ounce (150 ml) glass of wine, or a 1.5-US-fluid-ounce (44 ml) glass of a 40% ABV (80 US proof) spirit.
Laws[edit]
Main article: Alcohol laws
Alcohol laws regulate the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution, sale, consumption, blood alcohol content of motor vehicle drivers, open containers, and transportation of alcoholic drinks. Such laws generally seek to reduce the adverse health and social impacts of alcohol consumption. In particular, alcohol laws set the legal drinking age, which usually varies between 16 and 25 years, sometimes depending upon the type of drink (e.g., beer vs. hard liquor). Some countries do not have a legal drinking or purchasing age, but most countries set the minimum age at 18 years.[1] Such laws may take the form of permitting distribution only to licensed stores, monopoly stores, or pubs and they are often combined with taxation, which serves to reduce the demand for alcohol (by raising its price) and it is a form of revenue for governments. These laws also often limit the hours or days (e.g., "blue laws") on which alcohol may be sold or served, as can also be seen in the "last call" ritual in US and Canadian bars, where bartenders and servers ask patrons to place their last orders for alcohol, due to serving hour cutoff laws. In some countries, alcohol cannot be sold to a person who is already intoxicated. Alcohol laws in many countries prohibit drunk driving.
In some jurisdictions, alcoholic drinks are totally prohibited for reasons of religion (e.g., Islamic countries with sharia law) or for reasons of local option, public health, and morals (e.g., Prohibition in the United States from 1920 to 1933). In jurisdictions which enforce sharia law, the consumption of alcoholic drinks is an illegal offense,[40] although such laws may exempt non-Muslims.[41]
History[edit]
Members of a German Student Corps (Duchy of Brunswick) shown drinking in a picture from 1837.
Main articles: History of alcoholic drinks and Drinking culture
10,000–5,000 BC: Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggests that intentionally fermented drinks existed at least as early as the Neolithic period.[42]
7000–5600 BC: Examination and analysis of ancient pottery jars from the neolithic village of Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed residue left behind by the alcoholic drinks they had once contained. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grape and hawthorn fruit wine, honey mead and rice beer was being produced in 7000–5600 BC (McGovern et al., 2005; McGovern 2009).[43][44] The results of this analysis were published in December 2004.[45]
9th century AD: The medieval Arabs used the distillation process extensively, and applied it to the distillation of alcohol. The Arab chemist Al-Kindi unambiguously described the distillation of wine in the 9th century.[46][47][48]
12th century: The process of distillation spread from the Middle East to Italy,[46][49] where distilled alcoholic drinks were recorded in the mid-12th century.[50] In China, archaeological evidence indicates that the true distillation of alcohol began during the 12th century Jin or Southern Song dynasties.[51] A still has been found at an archaeological site in Qinglong, Hebei, dating to the 12th century.[51]
14th century: In India, the true distillation of alcohol was introduced from the Middle East, and was in wide use in the Delhi Sultanate by the 14th century.[49] By the early 14th century, distilled alcoholic drinks had spread throughout the European continent.[50]
See also[edit]
Drink portal
Liquor portal
Beer portal
Wine portal
Beverage-related articles[edit]
List of alcoholic drinks
List of countries by alcohol consumption
Beer and breweries by region
Chinese alcoholic beverages
Cooking with alcohol
Homebrewing
Mixed drink
Social and health[edit]
Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
Alcohol and health
Religion and alcohol
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alcoholic beverages.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alcoholic beverages.
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Alcoholic Drink
About 37 percent of college students could now be considered alcoholics, Daily Emerald
Alcohol, Health-EU Portal, Health-EU Portal
What Is a Standard Drink?, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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Various fruits
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Multiple grains
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Agave
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Buckwheat
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Shochu
Sugarcane or molasses
Aguardiente
Cachaça
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Seco Herrerano
Tharra
Various starches
Akvavit
Horilka
Poitín
Shochu
Vodka
[show]
Liqueurs and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
Almond
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Anise
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Pastis
Rakı
Sambuca
Blackthorn shrub
Patxaran
Chocolate
Chocolate liqueur
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Cloudberry
Lakka
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Tia Maria
Egg
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Frangelico
Herbs
Aquavit
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Crème de menthe
Metaxa
Honey
Bärenjäger
Drambuie
Glayva
Krupnik
Juniper
Gin
Jenever
Orange
Campari
Cedratine
Curaçao
Triple sec
Peppers
Pertsivka
Star anise
Sassolino
Sugarcane/molasses
Charanda
Various fruits
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Category
Portals
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Note: see Template:Psychoactive substance use for diagnoses
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abuse
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limitation
0-0-1-3
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Anti-addictive psychedelics: Ibogaine, Salvia divinorum
Disulfiram-like drugs: disulfiram, calcium carbimide, cyanamide
Religion and alcohol
Christian views on alcohol
alcohol in the Bible
Islam and alcohol
Dionysian Mysteries
Social issues
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on college campuses
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0.08 BAC
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French paradox
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Sex
Sin tax / Pigovian tax
General
Alcohol (drug)
Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
[show]
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Cocktails
List of cocktails
Absinthe
Corpse Reviver #2
Death in the Afternoon
The Modernista
Moloko Plus
Sazerac
Beer
Black and Tan
Black Velvet
Boilermaker
Hangman's Blood
Irish Car Bomb
Michelada
Porchcrawler
Sake Bomb
Shandy
Snakebite
U-Boot
Brandy or cognac
B & B
The Blenheim
Brandy Manhattan
Brandy Sour (Cyprus)
Brandy Sour/Brandy Daisy
Chicago Cocktail
Curacao Punch
Four Score
Hennchata
Incredible Hulk
Jack Rose
Orgasm
Panama
Savoy Affair
Savoy Corpse Reviver
Tom and Jerry
Zombie
Cachaça
Batida
Caju Amigo
Leite de Onça
Quentão
Rabo-de-galo
Royce
Champagne
Black Velvet
Buck's Fizz
Kir Royal
Gin
20th Century
Alexander
Bijou
Bronx
Gibson
Gimlet
Gin and tonic
Gin buck (a Buck variant)
Gin pahit
Gin Sour
Hanky-Panky
Joker
The Last Word
Lime Rickey
Lorraine
Mickey Slim
My Fair Lady
Old Etonian
Paradise
Pegu
Pimm's Cup (incl. Nos. 1, 3, 6, and variants)
Pink Gin
Pink Lady
Royal Arrival
Salty Dog
Shirley Temple Black
Tom Collins
White Lady or Delilah
Wolfram
Ouzo
Ouzini
Rum
Blue Hawaii
Brass Monkey
Bumbo (also called a Bombo or Bumboo)
Bushwacker
Caribou Lou
Cojito
El Presidente
Fish House Punch
Flaming Dr Pepper
Flaming Volcano
Grog
Gunfire
Havana Cooler
Hurricane
Jagertee
Macuá
Painkiller
Royal Bermuda Cocktail
Rum Swizzle
Ti' Punch
Tom and Jerry
Tschunk
Yellow Bird
Zombie
Sake
Ginza Mary
Sake Bomb
Tamagozake
Tequila
Bloody Aztec
Chimayó Cocktail
El Toro Loco Patron and Redbull
Juan Collins
Matador
Paloma
Slammer Royale or Tequila Slammer
Vodka
Agent Orange
Apple Martini or Appletini
Astro pop
Batida
Bay Breeze
BLT cocktail
Blue Lagoon
Bull Shot
Caesar
Caipivodka
Cape Cod
Chi-Chi
Colombia
Fizzy apple cocktail
Flirtini
Gimlet
Greyhound
Harrogate Nights
Hi-fi
Kensington Court Special
Kremlin Colonel
Lemon Drop
Lime Rickey
Link Up
Mudslide
Orange Tundra
Paralyzer
Red Lotus
Red Russian
Rose Kennedy Cocktail
Salmiakki Koskenkorva
Salty Dog
Vodka Gimlet
Vodka Martini or Kangaroo.
Vodka McGovern
Vodka Sunrise
White Russian
Woo Woo
Yorsh
Whisky
Amber Moon
Blue Blazer
Bobby Burns
Bourbon Lancer
Brooklyn
Churchill
Farnell
Four Horsemen
Jack and Coke
Jungle Juice
Lynchburg Lemonade
Missouri Mule
Nixon
Rob Roy
Seven and Seven
Three Wise Men
Ward 8
Whisky Mac
See also
Cocktail glass
Cocktail party
Cocktail shaker
Dale DeGroff
Flaming beverage
Highball
List of duo and trio cocktails
List of IBA official cocktails
Mixed drink
The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks
Liquor portal
[show]
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Wine by country
Africa
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Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
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Malta
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Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
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Russia
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Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
North America
Canada
Mexico
United States
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
[show]
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Lists of drinks
Drinks
List of drinks
Barley-based drinks
Bottled water brands
Brand name soft drink products
Breakfast drinks
Chocolate drinks
Citrus soft drinks
Herbal teas
Hot drinks
Juices
Lemon dishes and beverages
Lemonade topics
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Soft drink flavors
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Soft drinks by country
U.S. state beverages
Alcoholic drinks
List of alcoholic drinks
Beer by region
Cachaças
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Tequilas
Vodkas
Whisky brands
Wines
Cocktails
List of cocktails
Beer cocktail
Cocktails named after New York City boroughs
Cocktails with cachaça
Cocktails with wine, sparkling wine, or port
Duo and trio cocktails
Highball
Martini variations
Shooters
Well drink
Wine cocktail
Caffeinated drinks
Coffee drinks
Energy drinks
By country
Bolivian drinks
Brazilian drinks
Chinese alcoholic beverages
Chinese teas
Cuban drinks
France
AOC wines
VDQS wines
Indian beverages
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Italian
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Wines
Italian DOC wines
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Italian IGT wines
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Korean beverages
Korean alcoholic beverages
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Category
Commons
WikiProject Food and drink
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Recreational drug use
Major
recreational
drugs
Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Carbamates
Ethanol (alcohol)
Alcoholic drinks
Beer
Wine
Gabapentinoids
GHB
Inhalants
Medical
Nitrous oxide
Hazardous solvents
contact adhesives
Gasoline
nail polish remover
Paint thinner
Other
Freon
Kava
Nonbenzodiazepines
Quinazolinones
Opioids
Buprenorphine
Suboxone
Subutex
Codeine
Desomorphine
Krokodil
Dextropropoxyphene
Darvocet
Darvon
Fentanyl
Diamorphine
Heroin
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Dilaudid
Methadone
Mitragyna speciosa
Kratom
Morphine
Opium
Oxycodone
/paracetamol
Tramadol
Stimulants
Amphetamine
Arecoline
Areca
Betel
Caffeine
Coffee
Energy drinks
Tea
Cathinone
Khat
Cocaine
Coca
Crack
Ephedrine
Ephedra
MDPV
Mephedrone
Methamphetamine
Methylone
Methylphenidate
Modafinil
Nicotine
Tobacco
Theobromine
Cocoa
Chocolate
Entactogens
2C series
6-APB
Benzofury
AMT
MDA
MDMA
Ecstasy
Hallucinogens
Psychedelics
Bufotenin
Psychoactive toads
Vilca
Yopo
DMT
Ayahuasca
LSA
LSD-25
Mescaline
Peruvian torch
Peyote
San Pedro
Psilocybin / Psilocin
Psilocybin mushrooms
Dissociatives
DXM
Glaucine
Inhalants
Nitrous oxide
alkyl nitrites
poppers
amyl nitrite
Ketamine
MXE
Muscimol
Amanita muscaria
PCP
Salvinorin A
Salvia divinorum
Deliriants
Atropine and Scopolamine
Atropa belladonna
Datura
Hyoscyamus niger
Mandragora officinarum
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Cannabinoids
JWH-018
THC
Cannabis
Hashish
Hash oil
Marijuana
Oneirogens
Calea zacatechichi
Silene capensis
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Legal history of cannabis in the United States
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Hip flask
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Experience
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Whoonga
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production
and trade
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production
Coca production in Colombia
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of tobacco or other substances
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Lists of
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Alcohol legality
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Opiates use
Psilocybin mushrooms legality
Salvia legality
[show]
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Alcohols
Straight-chain
primary
alcohols (1°)
Methanol (C
1)
Ethanol (C
2)
1-Propanol (C
3)
n-Butanol (C
4)
1-Pentanol (C
5)
1-Hexanol (C
6)
1-Heptanol (C
7)
1-Octanol (C
8)
1-Nonanol (C
9)
1-Decanol (C
10)
Undecanol (C
11)
Dodecanol (C
12)
Tridecan-1-ol (C
13)
1-Tetradecanol (C
14)
Pentadecan-1-ol (C
15)
Cetyl alcohol (C
16)
Heptadecan-1-ol (C
17)
Stearyl alcohol (C
18)
Nonadecan-1-ol (C
19)
Arachidyl alcohol (C
20)
Heneicosan-1-ol (C
21)
Docosanol (C
22)
Tricosan-1-ol (C
23)
1-Tetracosanol (C
24)
Pentacosan-1-ol (C
25)
1-Hexacosanol (C
26)
1-Heptacosanol (C
27)
1-Octacosanol (C
28)
1-Nonacosanol (C
29)
Triacontanol (C
30)
Other primary
alcohols
Isobutanol (C
4)
Isoamyl alcohol (C
5)
2-Methyl-1-butanol (C
5)
Phenethyl alcohol (C
8)
Tryptophol (C
10)
Secondary
alcohols (2°)
Isopropanol (C
3)
2-Butanol (C
4)
2-Pentanol (C
5)
2-Hexanol (C
6)
2-Heptanol (C
7)
Cyclohexanol (C
6)
2-Octanol (C
8)
Tertiary
alcohols (3°)
tert-Butyl alcohol (C
4)
tert-Amyl alcohol (C
5)
2-Methyl-2-pentanol (C
6)
2-Methylhexan-2-ol (C
7)
2-Methylheptan-2-ol (C
8)
3-Methyl-3-pentanol (C
6)
3-Methyloctan-3-ol (C
9)
[show]
Consumption of ethanol
[show]
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Psychoactive substance-related disorder (F10–F19, 291–292; 303–305)
General
SID
Substance intoxication / Drug overdose
Withdrawal
Substance-induced psychosis
SUD
Substance abuse / Substance use disorder / Substance-related disorders
Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence
Alcohol
SID
Neurological
disorders
Alcoholic hallucinosis
Alcohol withdrawal
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Korsakoff's syndrome
Korsakoff's psychosis
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Digestive
system
Alcoholic hepatitis
Alcoholic liver disease
Auto-brewery syndrome
Nervous
system
Alcohol-related dementia
Alcoholic hallucinosis
Hangover
Cardiovascular
system
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
Alcohol flush reaction
SUD
Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder)
Binge drinking
Caffeine
SID
Effect of caffeine on memory
Caffeine-induced sleep disorder
SUD
Caffeine dependence
Cannabis
SID
Effects of cannabis
Long-term effects of cannabis
SUD
Cannabis dependence
Cocaine
SID
Cocaine intoxication
SUD
Cocaine dependence
Hallucinogen
SID
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
Opioids
SID
Opioid overdose
SUD
Opioid use disorder
Sedative /
hypnotic
benzodiazepine: SID
Benzodiazepine overdose
Benzodiazepine withdrawal
SUD
Benzodiazepine use disorder
Benzodiazepine dependence
barbiturate: SID
Barbiturate overdose
SUD
Barbiturate dependence
Stimulants
SID
Stimulant psychosis
SUD
Amphetamine dependence
Tobacco
SID
Nicotine poisoning
Nicotine withdrawal
SUD
Nicotine dependence
Volatile
solvent
Inhalant abuse: Toluene toxicity
Poly drug use
SID
Combined drug intoxication
SUD
Polysubstance dependence
[show]
v
t
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Recreational drug use
Major
recreational
drugs
Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Carbamates
Ethanol (alcohol)
Alcoholic drinks
Beer
Wine
Gabapentinoids
GHB
Inhalants
Medical
Nitrous oxide
Hazardous solvents
contact adhesives
Gasoline
nail polish remover
Paint thinner
Other
Freon
Kava
Nonbenzodiazepines
Quinazolinones
Opioids
Buprenorphine
Suboxone
Subutex
Codeine
Desomorphine
Krokodil
Dextropropoxyphene
Darvocet
Darvon
Fentanyl
Diamorphine
Heroin
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Dilaudid
Methadone
Mitragyna speciosa
Kratom
Morphine
Opium
Oxycodone
/paracetamol
Tramadol
Stimulants
Amphetamine
Arecoline
Areca
Betel
Caffeine
Coffee
Energy drinks
Tea
Cathinone
Khat
Cocaine
Coca
Crack
Ephedrine
Ephedra
MDPV
Mephedrone
Methamphetamine
Methylone
Methylphenidate
Modafinil
Nicotine
Tobacco
Theobromine
Cocoa
Chocolate
Entactogens
2C series
6-APB
Benzofury
AMT
MDA
MDMA
Ecstasy
Hallucinogens
Psychedelics
Bufotenin
Psychoactive toads
Vilca
Yopo
DMT
Ayahuasca
LSA
LSD-25
Mescaline
Peruvian torch
Peyote
San Pedro
Psilocybin / Psilocin
Psilocybin mushrooms
Dissociatives
DXM
Glaucine
Inhalants
Nitrous oxide
alkyl nitrites
poppers
amyl nitrite
Ketamine
MXE
Muscimol
Amanita muscaria
PCP
Salvinorin A
Salvia divinorum
Deliriants
Atropine and Scopolamine
Atropa belladonna
Datura
Hyoscyamus niger
Mandragora officinarum
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Cannabinoids
JWH-018
THC
Cannabis
Hashish
Hash oil
Marijuana
Oneirogens
Calea zacatechichi
Silene capensis
Club drugs
Cocaine
Quaaludes
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Nitrous oxide
Poppers
Drug culture
Cannabis culture
420
Cannabis cultivation
Cannabis smoking
Head shop
Legal history of cannabis in the United States
Legality of cannabis
Marijuana Policy Project
Medical cannabis
NORML
Cannabis and religion
Stoner film
Coffee culture
Coffee break
Coffeehouse
Latte art
Tea house
Drinking culture
Bartending
Beer culture
Beer festival
Binge drinking
Diethyl ether
Drinking games
Drinking song
Happy hour
Hip flask
Nightclub
Pub
Pub crawl
Sommelier
Sports bar
Tailgate party
Wine bar
Wine tasting
Psychedelia
Psychonautics
Art
Drug
Era
Experience
Literature
Music
Microdosing
Therapy
Smoking culture
Cigarette card
Fashion cigarettes
Cloud-chasing
Loosie
Smokeasy
Smoking fetishism
Tobacco smoking
Other
Club drug
Counterculture of the 1960s
Dance party
Drug paraphernalia
Drug tourism
Entheogen
Hippie
Nootropic
Party and play
Poly drug use
Rave
Religion and drugs
Self-medication
Sex and drugs
Whoonga
Drug
production
and trade
Drug
production
Coca production in Colombia
Drug precursors
Opium production in Afghanistan
Rolling meth lab
Drug trade
Illegal drug trade
Colombia
Darknet market
Drug distribution
Beer shop
Cannabis shop
Liquor store
Liquor license
Issues with
drug use
Abuse
Date rape drug
Impaired driving
Drug harmfulness
Effects of cannabis
Addiction
Dependence
Prevention
Opioid replacement therapy
Rehabilitation
Responsible use
Drug-related crime
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Long-term effects of cannabis
Neurotoxicity
Overdose
Passive smoking
of tobacco or other substances
Legality of
drug use
International
1961 Narcotic Drugs
1971 Psychotropic Substances
1988 Drug Trafficking
Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs
State level
Drug policy
Decriminalization
Prohibition
Supply reduction
Policy reform
Demand reduction
Drug Policy Alliance
Harm reduction
Law Enforcement Action Partnership
Liberalization
Latin America
Students for Sensible Drug Policy
Transform Drug Policy Foundation
Drug policy
by country
Australia
Canada
Germany
India
Netherlands
Portugal
Slovakia
Soviet Union
Sweden
Switzerland
United States
Just Say No
Office of National Drug Control Policy
School district drug policies
California
Colorado
Maryland
Virginia
Other
Arguments for and against drug prohibition
Capital punishment for drug trafficking
Cognitive liberty
Designer drug
Drug court
Drug possession
Drug test
Narc
Politics of drug abuse
War on Drugs
Mexican Drug War
Plan Colombia
Philippine Drug War
Zero tolerance
Lists of
countries by...
Alcohol legality
Alcohol consumption
Anabolic steroid legality
Cannabis legality
Annual use
Lifetime use
Cigarette consumption
Cocaine legality
Cocaine use
Methamphetamine legality
Opiates use
Psilocybin mushrooms legality
Salvia legality
[show]
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Other therapeutic products (V03AG–V03AZ)
Treatment of hypercalcemia
Sodium cellulose phosphate
Treatment of hypoglycaemia
Diazoxide
Medical gases
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Helium
Nitrogen
Nerve depressants
Ethanol
[show]
Pathophysiology of ethanol
[show]
v
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Antidotes (V03AB)
Nervous
system
Nerve agent /
Organophosphate
poisoning
Atropine#
Biperiden
Diazepam#
Oximes
Obidoxime
Pralidoxime
see also: Cholinesterase
Barbiturate
overdose
Bemegride
Ethamivan
Benzodiazepine
overdose
Cyprodenate
Flumazenil
GHB overdose
Physostigmine
SCH-50911
Opioid overdose
Diprenorphine
Doxapram
Nalmefene
Nalorphine
Naloxone#
Naltrexone
Reversal of
neuromuscular blockade
Sugammadex
Circulatory
system
Beta blocker
Glucagon
Digoxin toxicity
Digoxin Immune Fab
Heparin
Protamine#
Other
Arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol#
Succimer
Cyanide poisoning
4-Dimethylaminophenol
Hydroxocobalamin
nitrite
Amyl nitrite
Sodium nitrite#
Sodium thiosulfate#
Hydrofluoric acid
Calcium gluconate#
Methanol /
Ethylene glycol
poisoning
Primary alcohols: Ethanol
Fomepizole
Paracetamol toxicity
(Acetaminophen)
Acetylcysteine#
Glutathione
Methionine#
Toxic metals (cadmium
lead
mercury
thallium)
Dimercaprol#
Edetates
Prussian blue#
Other
iodine-131
Potassium iodide
Methylthioninium chloride#
oxidizing agent
Potassium permanganate
Prednisolone/promethazine
Emetic
Copper sulfate
Ipecacuanha
Syrup of ipecac
#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
[show]
v
t
e
Anxiolytics (N05B)
5-HT1AR agonists
Buspirone
Gepirone†
Tandospirone
GABAAR PAMs
Benzodiazepines: Adinazolam
Alprazolam
Bromazepam
Camazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Clobazam
Clonazepam
Clorazepate
Clotiazepam
Cloxazolam
Diazepam#
Ethyl loflazepate
Etizolam
Fludiazepam
Halazepam
Ketazolam
Lorazepam#
Medazepam
Nordazepam
Oxazepam
Pinazepam
Prazepam; Others: Alpidem‡
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital)
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate)
Chlormezanone‡
Ethanol (alcohol)
Etifoxine
Imepitoin; Herbs:
Kava
Skullcap
Valerian
Gabapentinoids
(α2δ VDCC blockers)
Gabapentin
Gabapentin enacarbil
Phenibut
Pregabalin
Antidepressants
SSRIs (e.g., escitalopram)
SNRIs (e.g., duloxetine)
SARIs (e.g., trazodone)
TCAs (e.g., clomipramine)
TeCAs (e.g., mirtazapine)
MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine); Others: Agomelatine
Bupropion
Tianeptine
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
Sympatholytics
(Antiadrenergics)
Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., prazosin)
Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., clonidine, dexmedetomidine, guanfacine)
Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol)
Others
Benzoctamine
Cannabidiol
Cycloserine
Fabomotizole
Hydroxyzine
Kanna
Lavender
Lorpiprazole
Mebicar
Mepiprazole
Nicotine
Opipramol
Oxaflozane‡
Phenaglycodol
Phenibut
Picamilon
Selank
Tiagabine
Tofisopam
Validolum
#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
[show]
v
t
e
Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C)
GABAA
Alcohols
2M2B
Chloralodol
Ethanol (alcohol)
Ethchlorvynol
Methylpentynol
Trichloroethanol
Barbiturates
Allobarbital
Amobarbital
Aprobarbital
Barbital
Butabarbital
Butobarbital
Cyclobarbital
Ethallobarbital
Heptabarb
Hexobarbital
Mephobarbital
Methohexital
Narcobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenallymal
Phenobarbital
Propylbarbital
Proxibarbal
Reposal
Secobarbital
Talbutal
Thiamylal
Thiopental
Thiotetrabarbital
Vinbarbital
Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines
Brotizolam
Cinolazepam
Climazolam
Doxefazepam
Estazolam
Flunitrazepam
Flurazepam
Flutoprazepam
Lorazepam
Loprazolam
Lormetazepam
Midazolam
Nimetazepam
Nitrazepam
Phenazepam
Quazepam
Temazepam
Triazolam
Carbamates
Carisoprodol
Emylcamate
Ethinamate
Hexapropymate
Meprobamate
Methocarbamol
Phenprobamate
Procymate
Tybamate
Imidazoles
Etomidate
Metomidate
Propoxate
Monoureides
Acecarbromal
Apronal (apronalide)
Bromisoval
Capuride
Carbromal
Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids
Acebrochol
Allopregnanolone
Alphadolone
Alphaxolone
Eltanolone
Hydroxydione
Minaxolone
Progesterone
Nonbenzodiazepines
Eszopiclone
Indiplon
Lirequinil
Necopidem
Pazinaclone
Saripidem
Suproclone
Suriclone
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Phenols
Propofol
Piperidinediones
Glutethimide
Methyprylon
Pyrithyldione
Piperidione
Quinazolinones
Afloqualone
Cloroqualone
Diproqualone
Etaqualone
Mebroqualone
Mecloqualone
Methaqualone
Methylmethaqualone
Nitromethaqualone
Others
Acetophenone
Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
Bromide compounds
Lithium bromide
Potassium bromide
Sodium bromide
Centalun
Chloral betaine
Chloral hydrate
Chloralose
Clomethiazole
Dichloralphenazone
Gaboxadol
Kavalactones
Loreclezole
Paraldehyde
Petrichloral
Sulfonylalkanes
Sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
Tetronal
Trional
Triclofos
Sesquiterpene
Isovaleramide
Isovaleric acid
Valerenic acid
GABAB
1,4-Butanediol
4-Fluorophenibut
Aceburic acid
Baclofen
GABOB
GHB (sodium oxybate)
GBL
GVL
Phenibut
Tolibut
H1
Antihistamines
Captodiame
Cyproheptadine
Diphenhydramine
Doxylamine
Hydroxyzine
Methapyrilene
Perlapine
Pheniramine
Promethazine
Propiomazine
Antidepressants
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
Etoperidone
Nefazodone
Trazodone
Tricyclic antidepressants
Amitriptyline
Doxepin
Trimipramine, etc.
Tetracyclic antidepressants
Mianserin
Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine, etc.
Atypical antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone, etc.
α2-Adrenergic
Clonidine
Detomidine
Dexmedetomidine
Lofexidine
Medetomidine
Romifidine
Tizanidine
Xylazine
5-HT2A
Antidepressants
Trazodone
Tricyclic antidepressants
Amitriptyline
Doxepin
Trimipramine, etc.
Tetracyclic antidepressants
Mianserin
Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine, etc.
Atypical antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone, etc.
Others
Niaprazine
Melatonin
Agomelatine
Melatonin
Ramelteon
Tasimelteon
Orexin
Almorexant
Filorexant
Suvorexant
α2δ VDCC
Gabapentin
Gabapentin enacarbil
Mirogabalin
Phenibut
Pregabalin
Others
Cannabidiol
Cannabis
Chlorophenylalkyldiols
Fenpentadiol
Metaglycodol
Phenaglycodol
Diethylpropanediol
Evoxine
Fenadiazole
Guaifenesin-related muscle relaxants
Chlorphenesin
Mephenesin
Mephenoxalone
Metaxalone
Methocarbamol
Opioids (e.g., morphine)
Passion flower
Scopolamine
Trazodone
UMB68
Valnoctamide
[show]
v
t
e
Physical dependants
µ-opioids
All µ-opioids with any (even slight) agonist effect, such as (partial list) morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine, methadone, and fentanil, but not agonists specific to non-µ opioid receptors, such as salvinorin A (a k-opioid agonist), nor opioid antagonists or inverse agonists, such as naltrexone (a universal opioid inverse agonist)
GABAergics
All GABA agonists and positive allosteric modulators of both the GABA-A ionotropic receptor and GABA-B metabotropic receptor subunits, of which the following drugs are examples (partial list):
Alcohols
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
nonbenzodiazepines (z-drugs)
GHB
carbamates
baclofen
chloral hydrate
glutethimide
clomethiazole
methaqualone
Other
drug groups
antiepileptic
blood pressure medications
androgenic-anabolic steroids
glucocorticoids
Other drugs
Cocaine
gabapentin
Nicotine
[show]
v
t
e
Neurotoxins
Animal
Batrachotoxin
Bestoxin
Birtoxin
Bungarotoxin
Charybdotoxin
Conotoxin
Fasciculin
Huwentoxin
Poneratoxin
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Vanillotoxin
Spooky toxin (SsTx)
Bacterial
Botulinum toxin
Tetanospasmin
Cyanobacteria
Anatoxin-a
Anatoxin-a(S)
BMAA
Saxitoxin
Plant
Bicuculline
Penitrem A
Picrotoxin
Strychnine
Tutin
Rotenone
Ginkgotoxin
Cicutoxin
Oenanthotoxin
Pesticides
Fenpropathrin
Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
Bromethalin
Crimidine
Methamidophos
Endosulfan
Fipronil
Nerve agents
Cyclosarin
EA-3148
Novichok agent
Sarin
Soman
Tabun
VE
VG
VM
VR
VX
GV
Other
Dimethylmercury
Toxopyrimidine
TBPS
IPTBO
[show]
Pharmacology of ethanol
[show]
Acetylcholine receptor modulators
[show]
v
t
e
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
mAChRs
Agonists
77-LH-28-1
AC-42
AC-260,584
Aceclidine
Acetylcholine
AF30
AF150(S)
AF267B
Alvameline
AQRA-741
Arecoline
Bethanechol
Bevonium
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
CDD-0034
CDD-0078
CDD-0097
CDD-0098
CDD-0102
Cevimeline
Choline
cis-Dioxolane
Clozapine
Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
Ethoxysebacylcholine
Itameline
LY-593,039
L-689,660
LY-2,033,298
McNA343
Methacholine
Milameline
Muscarine
NGX-267
Ocvimeline
Oxotremorine
PD-151,832
Pilocarpine
RS86
Sabcomeline
SDZ 210-086
Sebacylcholine
Suberyldicholine
Talsaclidine
Tazomeline
Thiopilocarpine
Vedaclidine
VU-0029767
VU-0090157
VU-0152099
VU-0152100
VU-0238429
WAY-132,983
Xanomeline
YM-796
Antagonists
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol)
Abediterol
AF-DX 250
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mepyramine (pyrilamine), mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine)
AQ-RA 741
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine (+fluoxetine), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine)
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
BIBN 99
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,368
CAR-302,537
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
DAU-5884
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
DIBD
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol, +indacaterol)
Hexahydrodifenidol
Hexahydrosiladifenidol
Hexbutinol
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
HL-031,120
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol)
Isopropamide
J-104,129
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PBID
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
pFHHSiD
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
Revefenacin
Rociverine
RU-47,213
SCH-57,790
SCH-72,788
SCH-217,443
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Silahexacyclium
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs (e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine)
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tiquizium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin (dothiepin), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden (desmethyldosulepin), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine)
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tripitamine (tripitramine)
Tropacine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine (cyamepromazine), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine)
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol)
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Zamifenacin
Precursors
(and prodrugs)
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin)
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
[show]
v
t
e
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
nAChRs
Agonists
(and PAMs)
5-HIAA
A-84,543
A-366,833
A-582,941
A-867,744
ABT-202
ABT-418
ABT-560
ABT-894
Acetylcholine
Altinicline
Anabasine
Anatoxin-a
AR-R17779
Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
Butinoline
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
Choline
Cotinine
Cytisine
Decamethonium
Desformylflustrabromine
Dianicline
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
Epibatidine
Epiboxidine
Ethanol (alcohol)
Ethoxysebacylcholine
EVP-4473
EVP-6124
Galantamine
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Ivermectin
JNJ-39393406
Levamisole
Lobeline
MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
Morantel
Nicotine (tobacco)
NS-1738
PHA-543,613
PHA-709,829
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
Pozanicline
Pyrantel
Rivanicline
RJR-2429
Sazetidine A
SB-206553
Sebacylcholine
SIB-1508Y
SIB-1553A
SSR-180,711
Suberyldicholine
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
TC-1698
TC-1734
TC-1827
TC-2216
TC-5214
TC-5619
TC-6683
Tebanicline
Tribendimidine
Tropisetron
UB-165
Varenicline
WAY-317,538
XY-4083
Antagonists
(and NAMs)
18-MAC
18-MC
α-Neurotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin, α-cobratoxin, α-conotoxin, many others)
ABT-126
Alcuronium
Allopregnanolone
Amantadine
Anatruxonium
AQW051
Atracurium
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
BNC-210
Bungarotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin, κ-bungarotoxin)
Bupropion
BW-A444
Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
Chlorisondamine
Cisatracurium
Coclaurine
Coronaridine
Curare
Cyclopropane
Dacuronium bromide
Decamethonium
Dehydronorketamine
Desflurane
Dextromethorphan
Dextropropoxyphene
Dextrorphan
Diadonium
DHβE
Dihydrochandonium
Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
Dioscorine
Dipyrandium
Dizocilpine (MK-801)
Doxacurium
Encenicline
Enflurane
Erythravine
Esketamine
Fazadinium
Gallamine
Gantacurium chloride
Halothane
Hexafluronium
Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
Hydroxybupropion
Hydroxynorketamine
Ibogaine
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Kynurenic acid
Laudanosine
Laudexium (laudolissin)
Levacetylmethadol
Levomethadone
Malouetine
ME-18-MC
Mecamylamine
Memantine
Methadone
Methorphan (racemethorphan)
Methyllycaconitine
Metocurine
Mivacurium
Morphanol (racemorphan)
Neramexane
Nitrous oxide
Norketamine
Pancuronium bromide
Pempidine
Pentamine
Pentolinium
Phencyclidine
Pipecuronium bromide
Progesterone
Promegestone
Radafaxine
Rapacuronium bromide
Reboxetine
Rocuronium bromide
Sevoflurane
Stercuronium iodide
Surugatoxin
Thiocolchicoside
Toxiferine
Tramadol
Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
Tropeinium
Tubocurarine
Vanoxerine
Vecuronium bromide
Xenon
Precursors
(and prodrugs)
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin)
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
[show]
v
t
e
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Alcohols
Brometone
Butanol
Chloralodol
Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
Ethanol (alcohol) (alcoholic drink)
Ethchlorvynol
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
Menthol
Methanol
Methylpentynol
Pentanol
Petrichloral
Propanol
tert-Butanol (2M2P)
tert-Pentanol (2M2B)
Tribromoethanol
Trichloroethanol
Triclofos
Trifluoroethanol
Barbiturates
(-)-DMBB
Allobarbital
Alphenal
Amobarbital
Aprobarbital
Barbexaclone
Barbital
Benzobarbital
Benzylbutylbarbiturate
Brallobarbital
Brophebarbital
Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
Butalbital
Buthalital
Butobarbital
Butallylonal
Carbubarb
Crotylbarbital
Cyclobarbital
Cyclopentobarbital
Difebarbamate
Enallylpropymal
Ethallobarbital
Eterobarb
Febarbamate
Heptabarb
Heptobarbital
Hexethal
Hexobarbital
Metharbital
Methitural
Methohexital
Methylphenobarbital
Narcobarbital
Nealbarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenallymal
Phenobarbital
Phetharbital
Primidone
Probarbital
Propallylonal
Propylbarbital
Proxibarbital
Reposal
Secobarbital
Sigmodal
Spirobarbital
Talbutal
Tetrabamate
Tetrabarbital
Thialbarbital
Thiamylal
Thiobarbital
Thiobutabarbital
Thiopental
Thiotetrabarbital
Valofane
Vinbarbital
Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines
2-Oxoquazepam
3-Hydroxyphenazepam
Adinazolam
Alprazolam
Arfendazam
Avizafone
Bentazepam
Bretazenil
Bromazepam
Brotizolam
Camazepam
Carburazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Ciclotizolam
Cinazepam
Cinolazepam
Clazolam
Climazolam
Clobazam
Clonazepam
Clonazolam
Cloniprazepam
Clorazepate
Clotiazepam
Cloxazolam
CP-1414S
Cyprazepam
Delorazepam
Demoxepam
Diazepam
Diclazepam
Doxefazepam
Elfazepam
Estazolam
Ethyl carfluzepate
Ethyl dirazepate
Ethyl loflazepate
Etizolam
EVT-201
FG-8205
Fletazepam
Flubromazepam
Flubromazolam
Fludiazepam
Flunitrazepam
Flunitrazolam
Flurazepam
Flutazolam
Flutemazepam
Flutoprazepam
Fosazepam
Gidazepam
Halazepam
Haloxazolam
Iclazepam
Imidazenil
Irazepine
Ketazolam
Lofendazam
Lopirazepam
Loprazolam
Lorazepam
Lormetazepam
Meclonazepam
Medazepam
Menitrazepam
Metaclazepam
Mexazolam
Midazolam
Motrazepam
N-Desalkylflurazepam
Nifoxipam
Nimetazepam
Nitrazepam
Nitrazepate
Nitrazolam
Nordazepam
Nortetrazepam
Oxazepam
Oxazolam
Phenazepam
Pinazepam
Pivoxazepam
Prazepam
Premazepam
Proflazepam
Pyrazolam
QH-II-66
Quazepam
Reclazepam
Remimazolam
Rilmazafone
Ripazepam
Ro48-6791
Ro48-8684
SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
Sulazepam
Temazepam
Tetrazepam
Tolufazepam
Triazolam
Triflubazam
Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
Tuclazepam
Uldazepam
Zapizolam
Zolazepam
Zomebazam
Carbamates
Carisbamate
Carisoprodol
Clocental
Cyclarbamate
Difebarbamate
Emylcamate
Ethinamate
Febarbamate
Felbamate
Hexapropymate
Lorbamate
Mebutamate
Meprobamate
Nisobamate
Pentabamate
Phenprobamate
Procymate
Styramate
Tetrabamate
Tybamate
Flavonoids
6-Methylapigenin
Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
Apigenin
Baicalein
Baicalin
Catechin
EGC
EGCG
Hispidulin
Linarin
Luteolin
Rc-OMe
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin)
Wogonin
Imidazoles
Etomidate
Metomidate
Propoxate
Kava constituents
10-Methoxyyangonin
11-Methoxyyangonin
11-Hydroxyyangonin
Desmethoxyyangonin
11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
7,8-Dihydroyangonin
Kavain
5-Hydroxykavain
5,6-Dihydroyangonin
7,8-Dihydrokavain
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
5,6-Dehydromethysticin
Methysticin
7,8-Dihydromethysticin
Yangonin
Monoureides
Acecarbromal
Apronal (apronalide)
Bromisoval
Carbromal
Capuride
Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids
Acebrochol
Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
Alfadolone
Alfaxalone
3α-Androstanediol
Androstenol
Androsterone
Certain anabolic-androgenic steroids
Cholesterol
DHDOC
3α-DHP
5α-DHP
5β-DHP
DHT
Etiocholanolone
Ganaxolone
Hydroxydione
Minaxolone
ORG-20599
ORG-21465
P1-185
Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
Progesterone
Renanolone
SAGE-105
SAGE-217
SAGE-324
SAGE-516
SAGE-689
SAGE-872
Testosterone
THDOC
Nonbenzodiazepines
β-Carbolines: Abecarnil
Gedocarnil
Harmane
SL-651,498
ZK-93423
Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone
Pagoclone
Pazinaclone
Suproclone
Suriclone
Zopiclone
Imidazopyridines: Alpidem
DS-1
Necopidem
Saripidem
Zolpidem
Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon
Fasiplon
Indiplon
Lorediplon
Ocinaplon
Panadiplon
Taniplon
Zaleplon
Others: Adipiplon
CGS-8216
CGS-9896
CGS-13767
CGS-20625
CL-218,872
CP-615,003
CTP-354
ELB-139
GBLD-345
Imepitoin
JM-1232
L-838,417
Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
NS-2664
NS-2710
NS-11394
Pipequaline
ROD-188
RWJ-51204
SB-205,384
SX-3228
TGSC01AA
TP-003
TPA-023
TP-13
U-89843A
U-90042
Viqualine
Y-23684
Phenols
Fospropofol
Propofol
Thymol
Piperidinediones
Glutethimide
Methyprylon
Piperidione
Pyrithyldione
Pyrazolopyridines
Cartazolate
Etazolate
ICI-190,622
Tracazolate
Quinazolinones
Afloqualone
Cloroqualone
Diproqualone
Etaqualone
Mebroqualone
Mecloqualone
Methaqualone
Methylmethaqualone
Nitromethaqualone
SL-164
Volatiles/gases
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
Aliflurane
Benzene
Butane
Butylene
Centalun
Chloral
Chloral betaine
Chloral hydrate
Chloroform
Cryofluorane
Desflurane
Dichloralphenazone
Dichloromethane
Diethyl ether
Enflurane
Ethyl chloride
Ethylene
Fluroxene
Gasoline
Halopropane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Kerosine
Methoxyflurane
Methoxypropane
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Norflurane
Paraldehyde
Propane
Propylene
Roflurane
Sevoflurane
Synthane
Teflurane
Toluene
Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
Trichloroethylene
Vinyl ether
Others/unsorted
3-Hydroxybutanal
α-EMTBL
AA-29504
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin)
Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide)
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
DEABL
Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine))
DS2
Efavirenz
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid)
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Hopantenic acid
Lanthanum
Lavender oil
Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol)
Loreclezole
Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
Monastrol
Niacin
Nicotinamide (niacinamide)
Org 25,435
Phenytoin
Propanidid
Retigabine (ezogabine)
Safranal
Seproxetine
Stiripentol
Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional)
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol)
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol)
Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators: α-Pinene
MRK-409 (MK-0343)
TCS-1105
TCS-1205
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • GABA receptor modulators • GABA metabolism/transport modulators
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Glycine receptor modulators
Receptor
(ligands)
GlyR
Agonists: β-Alanine
β-ABA (BABA)
β-AIBA
Caesium
D-Alanine
D-Serine
GABA
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Ivermectin
L-Alanine
L-Proline
L-Serine
L-Threonine
MDL-27531
Milacemide
Picolinic acid
Propofol
Quisqualamine
Sarcosine
Taurine
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ethanol (alcohol), tert-butanol (2M2P), tribromoethanol, trichloroethanol, trifluoroethanol)
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
Chlormethiazole
D12-116
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine)
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone, pregnenolone (eltanolone), pregnenolone acetate, minaxolone, ORG-20599)
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
Tropeines (e.g., atropine, bemesetron, cocaine, LY-278584, tropisetron, zatosetron)
Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, desflurane, diethyl ether (ether), enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, sevoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), trichloroethylene)
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists: 2-Aminostrychnine
2-Nitrostrychnine
4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
αEMBTL
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Dendrobine
Diaboline
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG, anandamide (AEA))
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
iso-THAZ
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Isostrychnine
Laudanosine
N-Methylbicuculline
N-Methylstrychnine
N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Pseudostrychnine
Quinolines (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline, 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 5,7-CIQA, 7-CIQ, 7-TFQ, 7-TFQA)
RU-5135
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam)
Corymine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine)
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide, ginkgolides (e.g., ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, ginkgolide M))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., 3α-androsterone sulfate, 3β-androsterone sulfate, deoxycorticosterone, DHEA sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, progesterone)
Opioids (e.g., codeine, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, levomethadone, levorphanol, morphine, oripavine, pethidine, thebaine)
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin)
PMBA
Riluzole
Tropeines (e.g., bemesetron, LY-278584, tropisetron, zatosetron)
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR
See here instead.
Transporter
(blockers)
GlyT1
ACPPB
ALX-1393
ALX-5407 (NFPS)
AMG-747
ASP2535
Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)
CP-802079
Ethanol (alcohol)
Glycyldodecylamide
GSK1018921
LY-2365109
ORG-24598
ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)
PF-02545920
PF-03463275
PF-04958242
Sarcosine
SSR-103,800
SSR-504,734
GlyT2
Amoxapine
Ethanol (alcohol)
NAGly
Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
ORG-25543
VVZ-368
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABA receptor modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
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Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
AMPAR
Agonists: Main site agonists: 5-Fluorowillardiine
Acromelic acid (acromelate)
AMPA
BOAA
Domoic acid
Glutamate
Ibotenic acid
Proline
Quisqualic acid
Willardiine; Positive allosteric modulators: Aniracetam
Cyclothiazide
CX-516
CX-546
CX-614
Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
CX-717
CX-1739
CX-1942
Diazoxide
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
IDRA-21
LY-392098
LY-395153
LY-404187
LY-451646
LY-503430
Mibampator (LY-451395)
Nooglutyl
ORG-26576
Oxiracetam
PEPA
PF-04958242
Piracetam
Pramiracetam
S-18986
Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
Antagonists: ACEA-1011
ATPO
Becampanel
Caroverine
CNQX
Dasolampanel
DNQX
Fanapanel (MPQX)
GAMS
Kaitocephalin
Kynurenic acid
Kynurenine
Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
NBQX
PNQX
Selurampanel
Tezampanel
Theanine
Topiramate
YM90K
Zonampanel; Negative allosteric modulators: Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
Cyclopropane
Enflurane
Ethanol (alcohol)
Evans blue
GYKI-52466
GYKI-53655
Halothane
Irampanel
Isoflurane
Perampanel
Pregnenolone sulfate
Sevoflurane
Talampanel; Unknown/unsorted antagonists: Minocycline
KAR
Agonists: Main site agonists: 5-Bromowillardiine
5-Iodowillardiine
Acromelic acid (acromelate)
AMPA
ATPA
Domoic acid
Glutamate
Ibotenic acid
Kainic acid
LY-339434
Proline
Quisqualic acid
SYM-2081; Positive allosteric modulators: Cyclothiazide
Diazoxide
Enflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Antagonists: ACEA-1011
CNQX
Dasolampanel
DNQX
GAMS
Kaitocephalin
Kynurenic acid
Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
LY-382884
NBQX
NS102
Selurampanel
Tezampanel
Theanine
Topiramate
UBP-302; Negative allosteric modulators: Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental)
Enflurane
Ethanol (alcohol)
Evans blue
NS-3763
Pregnenolone sulfate
NMDAR
Agonists: Main site agonists: AMAA
Aspartate
Glutamate
Homocysteic acid (L-HCA)
Homoquinolinic acid
Ibotenic acid
NMDA
Proline
Quinolinic acid
Tetrazolylglycine
Theanine; Glycine site agonists: β-Fluoro-D-alanine
ACBD
ACC (ACPC)
ACPD
AK-51
Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
B6B21
CCG
D-Alanine
D-Cycloserine
D-Serine
DHPG
Dimethylglycine
Glycine
HA-966
L-687414
L-Alanine
L-Serine
Milacemide
Neboglamine (nebostinel)
Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
Sarcosine; Polyamine site agonists: Neomycin
Spermidine
Spermine; Other positive allosteric modulators: 24S-Hydroxycholesterol
DHEA (prasterone)
DHEA sulfate (prasterone sulfate)
Epipregnanolone sulfate
Pregnenolone sulfate
SAGE-201
SAGE-301
SAGE-718
Antagonists: Competitive antagonists: AP5 (APV)
AP7
CGP-37849
CGP-39551
CGP-39653
CGP-40116
CGS-19755
CPP
Kaitocephalin
LY-233053
LY-235959
LY-274614
MDL-100453
Midafotel (d-CPPene)
NPC-12626
NPC-17742
PBPD
PEAQX
Perzinfotel
PPDA
SDZ-220581
Selfotel; Glycine site antagonists: 4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
5,7-DCKA
7-CKA
ACC
ACEA-1011
ACEA-1328
Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
AV-101
Carisoprodol
CGP-39653
CNQX
D-Cycloserine
DNQX
Felbamate
Gavestinel
GV-196771
Harkoseride
Kynurenic acid
Kynurenine
L-689560
L-701324
Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
LU-73068
MDL-105519
Meprobamate
MRZ 2/576
PNQX
Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
ZD-9379; Polyamine site antagonists: Arcaine
Co 101676
Diaminopropane
Diethylenetriamine
Huperzine A
Putrescine; Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site): 2-MDP
3-HO-PCP
3-MeO-PCE
3-MeO-PCMo
3-MeO-PCP
4-MeO-PCP
8A-PDHQ
18-MC
α-Endopsychosin
Alaproclate
Alazocine (SKF-10047)
Amantadine
Aptiganel
Argiotoxin-636
Arketamine
ARL-12495
ARL-15896-AR
ARL-16247
Budipine
Coronaridine
Delucemine (NPS-1506)
Dexoxadrol
Dextrallorphan
Dextromethadone
Dextromethorphan
Dextrorphan
Dieticyclidine
Diphenidine
Dizocilpine
Ephenidine
Esketamine
Etoxadrol
Eticyclidine
Fluorolintane
Gacyclidine
Ibogaine
Ibogamine
Indantadol
Ketamine
Ketobemidone
Lanicemine
Levomethadone
Levomethorphan
Levomilnacipran
Levorphanol
Loperamide
Memantine
Methadone
Methorphan
Methoxetamine
Methoxphenidine
Milnacipran
Morphanol
NEFA
Neramexane
Nitromemantine
Noribogaine
Norketamine
Orphenadrine
PCPr
PD-137889
Pethidine (meperidine)
Phencyclamine
Phencyclidine
Propoxyphene
Remacemide
Rhynchophylline
Rimantadine
Rolicyclidine
Sabeluzole
Tabernanthine
Tenocyclidine
Tiletamine
Tramadol; Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
Besonprodil
Buphenine (nylidrin)
CO-101244 (PD-174494)
Eliprodil
Haloperidol
Isoxsuprine
Radiprodil (RGH-896)
Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
Ro 8-4304
Ro 25-6981
Safaprodil
Traxoprodil (CP-101606); NR2A-selective antagonists: MPX-004
MPX-007
TCN-201
TCN-213; Cations: Hydrogen
Magnesium
Zinc; Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: Benzene
Butane
Chloroform
Cyclopropane
Desflurane
Diethyl ether
Enflurane
Ethanol (alcohol)
Halothane
Hexanol
Isoflurane
Methoxyflurane
Nitrous oxide
Octanol
Sevoflurane
Toluene
Trichloroethane
Trichloroethanol
Trichloroethylene
Urethane
Xenon
Xylene; Unknown/unsorted antagonists: ARR-15896
Bumetanide
Caroverine
Conantokin
D-αAA
Dexanabinol
Flufenamic acid
Flupirtine
FPL-12495
FR-115427
Furosemide
Hodgkinsine
Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
MDL-27266
Metaphit
Minocycline
MPEP
Niflumic acid
Pentamidine
Pentamidine isethionate
Piretanide
Psychotridine
Transcrocetin (saffron)
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
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Serotonin receptor modulators
5-HT1
5-HT1A
Agonists: 8-OH-DPAT
Adatanserin
Amphetamine
Antidepressants (e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione, vilazodone, vortioxetine)
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, lurasidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone)
Azapirones (e.g., buspirone, eptapirone, gepirone, perospirone, tandospirone)
Bay R 1531
Befiradol
BMY-14802
Cannabidiol
Dimemebfe
Dopamine
Ebalzotan
Eltoprazine
Enciprazine
Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide)
F-11461
F-12826
F-13714
F-14679
F-15063
F-15599
Flesinoxan
Flibanserin
Flumexadol
Lesopitron
LY-293284
LY-301317
mCPP
MKC-242
Naluzotan
NBUMP
Osemozotan
Oxaflozane
Pardoprunox
Piclozotan
Rauwolscine
Repinotan
Roxindole
RU-24969
S-14506
S-14671
S-15535
Sarizotan
Serotonin (5-HT)
SSR-181507
Sunepitron
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MT, bufotenin, DMT, indorenate, N-Me-5-HT, psilocin, psilocybin)
TGBA01AD
U-92016A
Urapidil
Vilazodone
Xaliproden
Yohimbine
Antagonists: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., iloperidone, risperidone, sertindole)
AV965
Beta blockers (e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, cyanopindolol, iodocyanopindolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindobind, pindolol, propranolol, tertatolol)
BMY-7378
CSP-2503
Dotarizine
Ergolines (e.g., metergoline)
Flopropione
GR-46611
Isamoltane
Lecozotan
Mefway
Metitepine (methiothepin)
MIN-117 (WF-516)
MPPF
NAN-190
Robalzotan
S-15535
SB-649915
SDZ 216-525
Spiperone
Spiramide
Spiroxatrine
UH-301
WAY-100135
WAY-100635
Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted: Acetryptine
Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine))
5-HT1B
Agonists: CGS-12066A
CP-93129
CP-94253
CP-122,288
CP-135807
Eltoprazine
Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide)
mCPP
RU-24969
Serotonin (5-HT)
Triptans (e.g., avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan)
TFMPP
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-MT, DMT)
Vortioxetine
Antagonists: AR-A000002
Beta blockers (e.g., alprenolol, carteolol, isamoltane, oxprenolol, penbutolol, propranolol, tertatolol)
Elzasonan
Ergolines (e.g., metergoline)
GR-127935
Isamoltane
LY-393558
Metitepine (methiothepin)
SB-216641
SB-224289
SB-236057
Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., cabergoline, ergometrine (ergonovine), lisuride)
5-HT1D
Agonists: CP-122,288
CP-135807
CP-286601
Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LSD, methysergide)
GR-46611
L-694247
L-772405
mCPP
PNU-109291
PNU-142633
Serotonin (5-HT)
TGBA01AD
Triptans (e.g., almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan)
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-Et-DMT, 5-MT, 5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine, DMT)
Antagonists: Alniditan
BRL-15572
Elzasonan
Ergolines (e.g., metergoline)
GR-127935
Ketanserin
LY-310762
LY-367642
LY-393558
LY-456219
LY-456220
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Mianserin
Ritanserin
Yohimbine
Ziprasidone
Unknown/unsorted: Acetryptine
Ergolines (e.g., lisuride, lysergol, pergolide)
5-HT1E
Agonists: BRL-54443
Ergolines (e.g., methysergide)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Triptans (e.g., eletriptan)
Tryptamines (e.g., tryptamine)
Antagonists: Metitepine (methiothepin)
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine), lysergol, methylergometrine (methylergonovine)
5-HT1F
Agonists: BRL-54443
CP-122,288
Ergolines (e.g., bromocriptine, lysergol, methylergometrine (methylergonovine) methysergide)
Lasmiditan
LY-334370
Serotonin (5-HT)
Triptans (e.g., eletriptan, naratriptan, sumatriptan)
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-MT)
Antagonists: Mianserin
Metitepine (methiothepin)
5-HT2
5-HT2A
Agonists: 25H/NB series (e.g., 25I-NBF, 25I-NBMD, 25I-NBOH, 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25TFM-NBOMe, 2CBCB-NBOMe, 25CN-NBOH, 2CBFly-NBOMe)
2Cs (e.g., 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-21)
2C-B-FLY
2CB-Ind
5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET, 5-MeO-DiPT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DPT, 5-MT)
α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g., 5-Cl-αMT, 5-Fl-αMT, 5-MeO-αET, 5-MeO-αMT, α-Me-5-HT, αET, αMT)
AL-34662
AL-37350A
Bromo-DragonFLY
Dimemebfe
DMBMPP
DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM)
Efavirenz
Ergolines (e.g., 1P-LSD, ALD-52, bromocriptine, cabergoline, ergine (LSA), ergometrine (ergonovine), ergotamine, lisuride, LA-SS-Az, LSB, LSD, LSD-Pip, LSH, LSP, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), pergolide)
Flumexadol
Jimscaline
Lorcaserin
MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, MMDA)
O-4310
Oxaflozane
PHA-57378
PNU-22394
PNU-181731
RH-34
Phenethylamines (e.g., lophophine, mescaline)
Piperazines (e.g., BZP, quipazine, TFMPP)
Serotonin (5-HT)
TCB-2
TFMFly
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine)
Antagonists: 5-I-R91150
5-MeO-NBpBrT
AC-90179
Adatanserin
Altanserin
Antihistamines (e.g., cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, perlapine)
AMDA
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amperozide, aripiprazole, asenapine, blonanserin, brexpiprazole, carpipramine, clocapramine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, gevotroline, iloperidone, lurasidone, melperone, mosapramine, ocaperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, zicronapine, ziprasidone, zotepine)
Cinanserin
CSP-2503
Deramciclane
Dotarizine
Eplivanserin
Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole)
Fananserin
Flibanserin
Glemanserin
Irindalone
Ketanserin
KML-010
Landipirdine
LY-393558
mCPP
Medifoxamine
Metitepine (methiothepin)
MIN-101
MIN-117 (WF-516)
Naftidrofuryl
Nantenine
Nelotanserin
Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
Pelanserin
Phenoxybenzamine
Pimavanserin
Pirenperone
Pizotifen
Pruvanserin
Rauwolscine
Ritanserin
S-14671
Sarpogrelate
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, triazoledione, trazodone)
SR-46349B
TGBA01AD
Teniloxazine
Temanogrel
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline)
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, loxapine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, prochlorperazine, setoperone, spiperone, spiramide, thioridazine, thiothixene, trifluoperazine)
Volinanserin
Xylamidine
Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., dihydroergotamine, nicergoline)
5-HT2B
Agonists: 4-Methylaminorex
Aminorex
Amphetamines (e.g., chlorphentermine, cloforex, dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, levofenfluramine, norfenfluramine)
BW-723C86
DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM)
Ergolines (e.g., cabergoline, dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergometrine (methylergonovine), methysergide, pergolide)
Lorcaserin
MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, [MMDA (drug)
Antagonists: Agomelatine
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, N-desalkylquetiapine (norquetiapine), N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine), olanzapine, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone)
Cyproheptadine
EGIS-7625
Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, lisuride, LY-53857, LY-272015, mesulergine)
Ketanserin
LY-393558
mCPP
Metadoxine
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Pirenperone
Pizotifen
Propranolol
PRX-08066
Rauwolscine
Ritanserin
RS-127445
Sarpogrelate
SB-200646
SB-204741
SB-206553
SB-215505
SB-221284
SB-228357
SDZ SER-082
Tegaserod
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Trazodone
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine)
TIK-301
Yohimbine
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine))
5-HT2C
Agonists: 2Cs (e.g., 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-21)
5-Methoxytryptamines (5-MeO-DET, 5-MeO-DiPT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DPT, 5-MT)
α-Alkyltryptamines (e.g., 5-Cl-αMT, 5-Fl-αMT, 5-MeO-αET, 5-MeO-αMT, α-Me-5-HT, αET, αMT)
A-372159
AL-38022A
Alstonine
CP-809101
Dimemebfe
DOx (e.g., DOB, DOC, DOI, DOM)
Ergolines (e.g., ALD-52, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergine (LSA), ergotamine, lisuride, LA-SS-Az, LSB, LSD, LSD-Pip, LSH, LSP, pergolide)
Flumexadol
Lorcaserin
MDxx (e.g., MDA (tenamfetamine), MDMA (midomafetamine), MDOH, MMDA)
MK-212
Org 12962
Org 37684
Oxaflozane
PHA-57378
Phenethylamines (e.g., lophophine, mescaline)
Piperazines (e.g., aripiprazole, BZP, mCPP, quipazine, TFMPP)
PNU-22394
PNU-181731
Ro60-0175
Ro60-0213
Serotonin (5-HT)
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-BT, 5-CT, bufotenin, DET, DiPT, DMT, DPT, psilocin, psilocybin, tryptamine)
Vabicaserin
WAY-629
WAY-161503
YM-348
Antagonists: Adatanserin
Agomelatine
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, melperone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, zotepine)
Captodiame
CEPC
Cinanserin
Cyproheptadine
Deramciclane
Desmetramadol
Dotarizine
Eltoprazine
Ergolines (e.g., amesergide, bromocriptine, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole)
Etoperidone
Fluoxetine
FR-260010
Irindalone
Ketanserin
Ketotifen
Latrepirdine (dimebolin)
Medifoxamine
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Nefazodone
Pirenperone
Pizotifen
Propranolol
Ritanserin
RS-102221
S-14671
SB-200646
SB-206553
SB-221284
SB-228357
SB-242084
SB-243213
SDZ SER-082
Tedatioxetine
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, aptazapine, esmirtazapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
TIK-301
Tramadol
Trazodone
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine, pimozide, pipamperone, thioridazine)
Xylamidine
Unknown/unsorted: Efavirenz
Ergolines (e.g., ergometrine (ergonovine), methylergometrine (methylergonovine))
5-HT3–7
5-HT3
Agonists: Alcohols (e.g., butanol, ethanol (alcohol), trichloroethanol)
m-CPBG
Phenylbiguanide
Piperazines (e.g., BZP, mCPP, quipazine)
RS-56812
Serotonin (5-HT)
SR-57227
SR-57227A
Tryptamines (e.g., 2-Me-5-HT, 5-CT, bufotenidine (5-HTQ))
Volatiles/gases (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, toluene, trichloroethane)
YM-31636
Antagonists: Alosetron
AS-8112
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine)
Azasetron
Batanopride
Bemesetron (MDL-72222)
Bupropion
Cilansetron
CSP-2503
Dazopride
Dolasetron
Galanolactone
Granisetron
Hydroxybupropion
ICS-205930
Lerisetron
Memantine
Ondansetron
Palonosetron
Ramosetron
Renzapride
Ricasetron
Tedatioxetine
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Thujone
Tropanserin
Tropisetron
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine)
Volatiles/gases (e.g., nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, xenon)
Vortioxetine
Zacopride
Zatosetron
Unknown/unsorted: LY-53857
Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine)
5-HT4
Agonists: 5-MT
BIMU8
Capeserod
Cinitapride
Cisapride
CJ-033466
Dazopride
Metoclopramide
Minesapride
Mosapride
Prucalopride
PRX-03140
Renzapride
RS-67333
RS-67506
Serotonin (5-HT)
Tegaserod
Velusetrag
Zacopride
Antagonists: GR-113808
GR-125487
L-Lysine
Piboserod
RS-39604
RS-67532
SB-203186
SB-204070
5-HT5A
Agonists: Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), ergotamine, LSD)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT)
Valerenic Acid
Antagonists: Asenapine
Latrepirdine (dimebolin)
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Ritanserin
SB-699551
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., metergoline, methysergide)
Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine)
5-HT6
Agonists: Ergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, lisuride, LSD, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Tryptamines (e.g., 2-Me-5-HT, 5-BT, 5-CT, 5-MT, Bufotenin, E-6801, E-6837, EMD-386088, EMDT, LY-586713, N-Me-5-HT, tryptamine)
WAY-181187
WAY-208466
Antagonists: ABT-354
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, tiospirone)
AVN-101
AVN-211
AVN-322
AVN-397
BGC20-760
BVT-5182
BVT-74316
Cerlapirdine
EGIS-12233
GW-742457
Idalopirdine
Ketanserin
Landipirdine
Latrepirdine (dimebolin)
Metitepine (methiothepin)
MS-245
PRX-07034
Ritanserin
Ro 04-6790
Ro 63-0563
SB-258585
SB-271046
SB-357134
SB-399885
SB-742457
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, mianserin)
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, nortriptyline)
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, loxapine)
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), bromocriptine, lergotrile, pergolide)
Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine)
5-HT7
Agonists: 8-OH-DPAT
AS-19
Bifeprunox
E-55888
Ergolines (e.g., LSD)
LP-12
LP-44
RU-24969
Sarizotan
Serotonin (5-HT)
Triptans (e.g., frovatriptan)
Tryptamines (e.g., 5-CT, 5-MT, bufotenin, N-Me-5-HT)
Antagonists: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, clorotepine, clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole, tiospirone, ziprasidone, zotepine)
Butaclamol
DR-4485
EGIS-12233
Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), amesergide, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, LY-53857, LY-215840, mesulergine, metergoline, methysergide, sergolexole)
JNJ-18038683
Ketanserin
LY-215840
Metitepine (methiothepin)
Ritanserin
SB-258719
SB-258741
SB-269970
SB-656104
SB-656104A
SB-691673
SLV-313
SLV-314
Spiperone
SSR-181507
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine)
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., acetophenazine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, fluphenazine, loxapine, pimozide)
Vortioxetine
Unknown/unsorted: Ergolines (e.g., lisuride, pergolide)
Piperazines (e.g., naphthylpiperazine)
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
Adrenergics
Dopaminergics
Melatonergics
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors and releasing agents
Monoamine metabolism modulators
Monoamine neurotoxins
Authority control
LCCN: sh85003283
GND: 4128384-3
BNF: cb119413551 (data)
NDL: 00570044
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