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BTS (band)
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For the American metalcore band, see Beneath the Sky.
BTS
BTS at Golden Disc Awards on January 14, 2017. From left to right: Rap Monster, Jimin, Jin, V, Jungkook, Suga, and J-Hope.
Background information
Also known as
Bangtan Boys
Bulletproof Boy Scouts
Beyond The Scene
Bangtan Sonyeondan
Origin
Seoul, South Korea
Genres
K-pop
hip hop
pop
electronica
rock[1]
R&B
EDM
Years active
2013 (2013)–present
Labels
Big Hit Entertainment
Pony Canyon (2014–2017 in Japan)
Def Jam Japan (Japan, 2017–present)[2]
Website
bts.ibighit.com
Members
Jin
Suga
J-Hope
Rap Monster
Jimin
V
Jungkook
BTS
Korean name
Hangul
방탄소년단
Hanja
防彈少年團
[show]Transcriptions
Revised Romanization
Bangtan Sonyeondan
McCune–Reischauer
Pangt'an Sonyǒndan
Japanese name
Kanji
防弾少年団
Hiragana
ぼうだんしょうねんだん
[show]Transcriptions
Revised Hepburn
Bōdan Shōnendan
Kunrei-shiki
Bôdan Syônendan
This article contains Korean, Chinese and Japanese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of East Asian characters.
BTS, also known as Bangtan Boys or Beyond The Scene, is a seven-member South Korean boy band formed by Big Hit Entertainment. They debuted on June 12, 2013, with the song "No More Dream" from their first album called 2 Cool 4 Skool, for which they won several "New Artist of the Year" awards including those at the 2013 Melon Music Awards and Golden Disc Awards, and the 2014 Seoul Music Awards. The band continued rising to widespread prominence with their subsequent albums Dark & Wild (2014), The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 2 (2015) and The Most Beautiful Moment In Life: Young Forever (2016), with both the latter two entering the Billboard 200.[3] The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever went on to win the "Album of the Year" award at the 2016 Melon Music Awards.[4]
Their second full album, Wings (2016),[5] peaked at #26 on the Billboard 200, which marked the highest chart ranking for a K-pop album ever.[6] In their native South Korea, Wings became the best selling album in the Gaon Album Chart history at the time.[7] The album went on to sell more than 1.5 million copies, making it BTS's first "million seller",[8] and allowed the group to be awarded Artist of the Year at the 2016 Mnet Asian Music Awards.[9] To date, BTS's discography has sold an estimated four million albums worldwide.
Known for their large social media presence, BTS were listed by Forbes as the most retweeted artist on Twitter in March 2016.[10] Following that, Twitter launched its first ever K-pop Twitter emoji featuring BTS.[11] In 2017, BTS won a Billboard Music Award for Top Social Artist.[12] In June 2017, Time magazine named the band one of the 25 most influential people on the internet.[13] BTS's achievements have also led the group to be ranked #5 on Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list for 2017, a list ranking South Korea's most powerful and influential celebrities.[14]
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 History
2.1 Pre-debut
2.2 2013–2014: Debut with 2 Cool 4 Skool, O!RUL8, 2?, Skool Luv Affair and Dark & Wild
2.3 2015: The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, world tour, rising popularity and critical acclaim
2.4 2016: The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever, Youth and Wings
2.5 2017: You Never Walk Alone and Love Yourself 承 'Her'
3 Artistry
3.1 Music & Lyrics
4 Philanthropy
5 Endorsements
6 Members
7 Discography
7.1 Korean albums
7.2 Japanese albums
8 Tours and concerts
9 Filmography
9.1 Television
9.2 Variety shows on V LIVE
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Name
The group's name BTS is an acronym for the Korean expression Bangtan Sonyeondan (Hangul: 방탄소년단; Hanja: 防彈少年團), literally meaning "Bulletproof Boy Scouts". In Japan, they are know as Bōdan Shōnendan (防弾少年団), which translates the same. On July 2017, BTS announced that in addition to being known as Bangtan Sonyeondan or Bulletproof Boy Scouts, they will now include "Beyond The Scene" as their new brand identity.[15]
History
Pre-debut
BTS's first members were recruited through Big Hit's "Hit it" auditions in 2010 and 2011. The original lineup went through several changes before the final group of members was established in 2012. Half a year prior to debut, the members began building their name and creating a relationship with fans through Twitter, video blogs, fancafe posts and by releasing various song covers via YouTube and SoundCloud.[16][17]
Before debuting in 2013, Rap Monster was already performing as an underground rapper and had released several tracks informally, including a collaboration with Zico.[18][19] Jin had been a film arts student at Konkuk University before being streetcast for auditions, while Suga was an underground rapper in Daegu.[20] J-Hope, who was part of a street dance team named NEURON, was active in the underground dancing scene, participating in various battles and competitions.[20] Before joining Big Hit, Jimin entered Busan High School of Arts as the top student in modern dance, but later transferred to Korea Arts High School with V, who auditioned in Daegu.[21] Jungkook was cast by seven agencies after leaving auditions for Superstar K, but eventually chose Big Hit, reportedly after watching fellow member Rap Monster rap.[22]
2013–2014: Debut with 2 Cool 4 Skool, O!RUL8, 2?, Skool Luv Affair and Dark & Wild
The first album of BTS's "school trilogy" series and their debut single album, 2 Cool 4 Skool, was released on June 12, 2013 with the lead single "No More Dream".[23][24] Their debut album won them several "New Artist of the Year" awards, including those at the 2013 Melon Music Awards and Golden Disc Awards and the 2014 Seoul Music Awards. On September 11, BTS released their first mini-album, O!RUL8,2?, which consisted of 10 tracks. They also starred in their own variety show, SBS-MTV's Rookie King Channel Bangtan. The premise of the show was based on a fake broadcast station, "Channel Bangtan", through which the members parodied variety shows such as VJ Special Forces and MasterChef Korea. Rookie King Channel Bangtan premiered its eight-episode run on September 3, 2013.
BTS in 2014 performing at Mnet M! Countdown
The third part of the "school trilogy", their second mini-album Skool Luv Affair, was released on February 12, 2014.[25] BTS promoted the album's title track "Boy in Luv (상남자)", releasing its music video on February 11.[26] The album peaked at number 3 on Billboard's World Albums Chart. BTS then came back with "Just One Day (하루만)", with its music video released on April 6.[27]
On March 7, Big Hit Entertainment announced that BTS were to release their Japanese debut single album, consisting of the Japanese versions of their current songs.[28] The album, 2 Cool 4 Skool, was released on April 23; their first single was a Japanese version of "No More Dream".[29] On June 14, BTS took part in the Bridge to Korea festival in Russia, an event that aimed to promote tourism between the two countries. There, they became judges of a K-pop cover dance competition and later performed on stage in front of 10,000 spectators.[30] The group also attended KCON in Los Angeles alongside Girls' Generation and other artists on August 10, 2014.[31] On August 19, BTS released the music video for their comeback single "Danger" from their first full album, Dark & Wild, which sold over 109,098 copies. They made a comeback with "War of Hormone (호르몬 전쟁)", a track from Dark & Wild. Its music video was released on October 21, 2014.[32]
BTS continued to promote in Japan, releasing their first Japanese studio album, Wake Up, on December 24. This album not only included Japanese versions of their songs, but also their first Japanese original tracks: "Wake Up" and "The Stars".[33] They then held their first concert tour, 2014 BTS Live Trilogy – Episode II: The Red Bullet, throughout October, November and December. They toured Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Japan, Thailand and Malaysia.[34] During the 2014 Mnet Asian Music Awards, BTS was nominated for the "Best Dance Performance" and "UnionPay Song Of The Year" awards. In addition to performing "Boy In Luv", they also had a collaboration stage with Block B during the awards show.[35]
2015: The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, world tour, rising popularity and critical acclaim
From February 10–19, 2015, BTS toured Japan for the first time with the Wake Up: Open Your Eyes tour. They performed to 25,000 fans in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka.[36] On March 28, BTS held their second solo concert in Korea, titled BTS Live Trilogy – Episode 1: BTS Begins.[37]
The group's third EP, The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1, was released on April 29, 2015.[38] It was listed in June by Fuse as one of the "27 Best Albums of 2015 So Far" and was the only Korean album listed that year.[39] On May 5, 2015, their title track "I Need U" won first place on SBS MTV's The Show, which marked their first win since their debut.[40]The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1 had sold over 200,000 copies since its release.[41]
On June 4, BTS released their fourth Japanese single, "For You", to celebrate their first anniversary of their Japanese debut, with its music video released on the same day. The single climbed to the top on Oricon's daily chart, selling 42,611 copies within its first day.[42] On June 23, BTS released their music video for their follow up single, "Dope (쩔어)", from The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 1, becoming BTS first music video to hit over 100 million views.[43] "Dope (쩔어)" rose to its peak at number 3 on Billboard's World Digital Chart despite being released two months earlier.[44]
The group's world tour, 2015 Live Trilogy Episode: The Red Bullet, continued with stops in Malaysia, Latin America, Australia and the United States, and ended in Hong Kong on August 29.[34] BTS was a part of the 2015 Summer Sonic Festival tour in Japan, performing on August 15 at Tokyo's QVC Marine Field and on the 16th in Osaka.[45][46] On September 8, it was announced that BTS would return with the album The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 2 on November 30. They also held a three-day concert tour, The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: On Stage, from November 27–29, where they showcased their title track "Run".[47] The album charted at number one on the Billboard World Albums and remained atop the chart for multiple weeks, making BTS the first K-pop act to achieve that feat.[48] At the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards, they received the Best World Performer in recognition of their international fanbase. During the event, they performed "Run" and had a short collaboration stage with GOT7. The band released the Japanese version of "I Need U" as their fifth Japanese single on December 8.[49]
2016: The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever, Youth and Wings
Bangtan Boys at KCON France 2016 in Paris on June 2, 2016.
BTS released their sixth Japanese single, "Run", on March 15.[50] On May 2, they released a special compilation album, The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever; they held two days of concerts at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in Seoul from May 7–8 in support of their albums. A total of 24,000 fans attended.[51] After that, the group began their Asia tour, which sold out 144,000 concert tickets.[52] The group also headlined KCON in both Los Angeles and New York in June and July 2016, both to sold out audiences.[53]
On September 7, 2016, they released their second Japanese studio album Youth, selling over 44,000 copies in its first day of release, and shot up to first place on the daily albums chart in Japan.[54] In October 2016, Billboard placed BTS as #1 on their Social 50 chart, making them the first Korean group to top the chart.[55] To date, they have spent 39 weeks as #1 on the Social 50 chart.[56]
On October 10, 2016, BTS released their second full-length studio album, Wings, with the title track "Blood Sweat & Tears" (Korean: 피 땀 눈물). Pre-orders for the album, which contains 15 tracks, started on September 28, and reached over 500,000 copies within the first week.[57] The album managed to make it to the U.K. Official Albums Charts, making history as the first Korean act to do so.[58] The album also debuted at #26 on the Billboard 200 chart with 16,000 units earned in the week ending October 13. This made the new U.S. record for "Highest Charting and Best Selling K-pop Album", with 2NE1's Crush previously holding the record at #61 in 2014. It also marked them as the first K-pop act to log three entries on the Billboard 200, and Wings the first album to spend more than one week on the chart.[59][60] A few days later, it was revealed that BTS had topped the World Albums Chart, World Digital Songs Chart and Social 50 Chart for week of October 29.[6] They also charted on YouTube Music Global Top 100 – 17th on the video chart, 6th on the artist chart and 14th on the tracks chart.[61]
The album's title track, "Blood Sweat & Tears", achieved an "all-kill" on the South Korean music charts,[62] and went to become the group's first domestic number one hit on the Gaon Digital Chart.[63] Within 24 hours of the music video for "Blood Sweat & Tears" being released, it reached over 6 million views. This broke the previous record on YouTube for the highest number of views on a K-pop group music video within 24 hours.[64]
From November 12–13, BTS held a large scale fan meeting at Gocheok Sky Dome. All 38,000 tickets were sold out.[65]
On November 19, 2016, BTS announced the new Live Trilogy Episode III: The Wings Tour. The tour is set to visit South Korea, Chile, Brazil, the United States, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Hong Kong and Australia. On the same day, BTS won "Album of the Year" with The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever at the Melon Music Awards. This award marked BTS's first daesang, or grand prize, since debut.[4] On December 2, 2016, BTS won their second daesang for "Artist of the Year" at the 2016 Mnet Asian Music Awards.[9] By doing this, BTS became the first artist not from a "Big 3" entertainment company (S.M., YG and JYP) to win the award.[66]
2017: You Never Walk Alone and Love Yourself 承 'Her'
BTS ranked #5 in Forbes magazine's Korea Power Celebrity list in February 2017, a list ranking Korea's most powerful and influential celebrities.[67]
On February 13, 2017, BTS re-released their second full-length studio album, Wings, titling it You Never Walk Alone. Pre-orders for the album, which contains 4 new tracks, reached over 700,000 copies.[68][69] Title track "Spring Day" (Korean: 봄날) achieved an all-kill on 8 of the major South Korean online music charts, having crashed the Melon digital chart upon its initial release due to traffic overload.[70] "Spring Day" entered the US Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at No. 15. A writer from the magazine highlighted the achievement as the single "almost all in Korean, had zero promotions in America."[71] The single also topped the Gaon Digital Chart.[72][73] Within 24 hours of the music video for "Spring Day" being released, it reached over 9 million views.[74] This broke the previous record on YouTube for the highest number of views on a K-pop group music video within 24 hours, previously held by the music video of their own song "Blood, Sweat, and Tears". However, the new record was broken a week later after the group released the music video for "Not Today", which accumulated over 10 million views in said time span.[75] Similarly, "Spring Day" became the fastest K-pop group music video to reach 20 million views, achieving the feat in less than 4 days; "Not Today" bested this by reaching said number of views in less than 3 days.[76][77] The group performed the new tracks from You Never Walk Alone for the first time at the South Korean leg of the 2017 BTS Live Trilogy Episode III: The Wings Tour, a week after its release.
On May 21, BTS won the Top Social Artist Award at the Billboard Music Awards.[78]
The group released a cover of the Seo Taiji and Boys classic "Come Back Home" (originally from Seo Taiji and Boys IV) for Seo Taiji's Time:Traveler project.[15]
On August 24, Big Hit Entertainment announced that BTS will be making a comeback, with their fifth mini album, Love Yourself 承 'Her', on September 18.[79]
On September 11, 2017, it was reported that BTS will become the first Korean act which will be collaborating with an American artist The Chainsmokers's Andrew Taggart that has already worked with BTS rappers Rap Monster, Suga, and J-Hope for their upcoming album Love Yourself 承 'Her' by creating a track entitled 'Best Of Me'.[80]
Artistry
Music & Lyrics
The group's musical style and image ranges from a tough, "bad boy" image to a more youthful image, nevertheless mainly influenced by hip hop and R&B. MTV's Corynn Smith stated that BTS has incorporated hip hop beats and rock-inspired elements for their singles "Danger" and "Boy in Luv (상남자)".[81] BTS has been labelled as "K-pop's Social Conscience" by Jeff Benjamin from Fuse, who wrote that the group has found "a way to speak honestly about topics they deem important, even in a conservative society. In a world of social media and overexposure, everyone has a platform to speak as loudly as they want and potentially reach millions. BTS is taking that platform and talking about things that are not only brave to tackle in modern music, but especially in its traditional community. This is the type of group that will not only boast a more passionate fan base for the way they made them feel from a certain hit single, but also one that can help push a society forward while they're at it."[82] In 2016, however, their lyrics in "War of Hormone", "Converse High" and Rap Monster's solo song "Joke" along with a Twitter comment by Suga came under fire for being misogynistic. The group's label later issued an apology.[83]
Through their many releases, BTS has tackled school bullying, the pursuit of happiness and rejecting society's ideals in their lyrics.[82] Their unapologetic exploration of social topics, and challenging societal norms that most K-pop acts choose not to approach.[82] After achieving record-breaking success internationally with their second studio album, Wings, Grace Jeong, editor-in-chief of Soompi, explains their rise: "The group blends individual artistry, which is what the U.S. audience expects in their music, and the K-pop system, which focuses more on the group sound and teamwork."[84] In a Billboard article, Jeff Benjamin further describes the group's distinct sounds and lyrics, stating: "Indeed, the Major Lazer-esque lead single "Blood Sweat & Tears" details a life-derailing relationship over a dance breakdown. Elsewhere on the album Wings, the group sings about mental health, takes digs at the Korean-pop "idol" scene and delivers a female-empowerment anthem—unusual subject matter in culturally conservative South Korea, where most acts stick to safe topics like partying and breakups."[84]
Billboard magazine recognized the group as one of K-pop’s top competitive music producers of today: "Co-writing and producing on nearly every track, the K-pop phenoms proved how they can compete with top pop acts." All members of the group participate in composing and producing the group’s songs.[85] The Daily Dot describes them as "setting a standard for the bands that will come after them. Their souls are in their performances because they helped to create them—an investment that makes all the difference between memorizing dance routines and embracing them with passion."[86]
Philanthropy
In 2015, they donated 7 tons (7,187 kg) of rice for charity at the K-Star Road opening ceremony, held at Apgujeong-dong, Gangnam District, Seoul.[87] A year later they participated in ALLETS’s charity campaign “Let’s Share the Heart.”[88]
In January 2017, it was revealed that BTS and Big Hit Entertainment had donated 100,000,000 Korean won (~85,000 USD) to the 4/16 Sewol Families for Truth and A Safer Society, an organization that is connected to the families of the 2014 Sewol Ferry Disaster. Each member had donated 10,000,000 won with their Big Hit itself donating 30,000,000 won more. It was also revealed that the donation was intended to be secret, with Big Hit stating that "they did not reveal the donations because they believe it should be made in private."[89]
Endorsements
In October 2015, it was announced that BTS would be the new brand ambassador for sports brand Puma.[90]
In 2016, the group were met with a series of endorsements, including being selected as the face of SK Telecom, 'BBQ Chicken', and 'Smart Uniform'. Nexon also announced that they would be releasing character avatars based on the members for their RPG game, Elsword.[91] That year, they topped the 'Boy Group Brand Power Ranking', published by the Korean Corporate Reputation Research every month to highlight the "marketability of male groups in the Korean commercial advertisement industry", for 9 out of 12 months.[92]
Members
Jin was born Kim Seok-jin (Korean: 김석진) on (1992-12-04) December 4, 1992 (age 24) in Gwacheon, South Korea.
Suga was born Min Yoon-gi (Korean: 민윤기) on (1993-03-09) March 9, 1993 (age 24) in Daegu, South Korea.
J-Hope was born Jung Ho-seok (Korean: 정호석) on (1994-02-18) February 18, 1994 (age 23) in Gwangju, South Korea.
Rap Monster was born Kim Nam-joon (Korean: 김남준) on (1994-09-12) September 12, 1994 (age 23) in Ilsan, South Korea.
Jimin was born Park Ji-min (Korean: 박지민) on (1995-10-13) October 13, 1995 (age 21) in Busan, South Korea.
V was born Kim Tae-hyung (Korean: 김태형) on (1995-12-30) December 30, 1995 (age 21) in Daegu, South Korea.
Jungkook was born Jeon Jeong-guk (Korean: 전정국) on (1997-09-01) September 1, 1997 (age 20) in Busan, South Korea.[93]
Discography
Main article: BTS discography
Korean albums
Dark & Wild (2014)
Wings (2016)
Japanese albums
Wake Up (2014)
Youth (2016)
Tours and concerts
Main article: List of BTS concert tours
Korean/Japan/Asian Tour
2014 BTS Live Trilogy-Episode II: The Red Bullet (2014)
BTS Live Trilogy Episode I: BTS Begins (2015)
BTS's First Japan Tour-Wake Up: Open Your Eyes (2015)
The Most Beautiful Moment in Life On Stage (2015)
World Tour
2015 BTS Live Trilogy Episode II: The Red Bullet (2015)
The Most Beautiful Moment in Life On Stage: Epilogue (2016)
2017 BTS Live Trilogy Episode III: The Wings Tour (2017)
Concert participation
KCON: Los Angeles (2014)[94]
KCON: Abu Dhabi, Paris, Newark, and Los Angeles (2016)[95]
KCON: Mexico City (2017)[96]
Music Bank World Tour: Singapore (August 4, 2017)[97]
Filmography
Television
Rookie King: Channel Bangtan (SBS MTV) – BTS-based reality show, Episode 1–8
American Hustle Life (Mnet) – BTS-based reality show, Episode 1–8
BTS GO! (Mnet America) – BTS-based reality show, Episode 7[98]
Variety shows on V LIVE
Run BTS! – Episode 1–21
BTS GAYO – Episode 1–15
BTS Bokbulbok – Episode 1–5
BTS: Bon Voyage – a 10-day trip around North Europe celebrating their 3rd year, Episode 1–8
BTS: Bon Voyage Season 2 – a 9-day travel in Hawaii, Episode 1–8
See also
List of awards and nominations received by BTS
BTS videography
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Jump up ^ "BTS' 'Dope' music video hits over 100 million views". Yonhap News Agency. October 25, 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "World Digital Song". Billboard. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Epik High, BTS Join Lineup For 2015 Summer Sonic Music Festival In Japan". KpopStarz. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "BTS Fan Meeting in Japan a Roaring Success". Mwave. Retrieved 2015-10-17.
Jump up ^ "방탄소년단, 콘서트서 신곡 첫 공개…11월 30일 본격 컴백". www.mydaily.co.kr. Retrieved 2015-10-29.
Jump up ^ "BTS' 'Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Pt. 2' Returns to No. 1 on World Albums". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
Jump up ^ Fox, Kevin (November 23, 2015). "BTS Are Flower Boys In 'I Need U' Japanese Music Video Teaser". KpopStarz. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "防弾少年団、日本6thシングル「RUN-Japanese Ver.-」の発売が決定！ - K-POP - 韓流・韓国芸能ニュースはKstyle". Kstyle. February 15, 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
Jump up ^ Ahn, Sung-mi (March 21, 2016). "BTS to return in May". Kpop Herald. The Korea Herald. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Son, Ye-ji (December 27, 2016). "BTS's successful growth as the "Daesang Boy Scouts". Korea Economic Daily. Translated by Peachisodaworld. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Benjamin, Jeff (May 6, 2016). "BTS Joins Kcon 2016 Los Angeles as Headliner". Fuse. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oricon Album Ranking Dayly (2016年09月06日付) – see #01". Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon Inc. Archived from the original on 2016-09-08. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Social 50 | Billboard". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
Jump up ^ "Social 50". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
Jump up ^ "[V Report Plus] BTS releases teaser for lead track of 'Wings'". Kpop Herald. Korea Herald. October 7, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
Jump up ^ "BTS makes history on the Official UK Album charts". SBS. October 17, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
Jump up ^ "BTS' 'Wings' Sets New U.S. Record for Highest-Charting, Best-Selling K-Pop Album". Billboard. October 17, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
Jump up ^ "BTS Extend Chart Dominance: 'Wings' Spends 2nd Week on Billboard 200, 'Blood Sweat & Tears' Debuts on Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
Jump up ^ "BTS achieve success on YouTube Global Top 100 Charts". SBS PopAsia. October 21, 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bangtan Boys second EP "Wings" tops 8 music charts". Yonhap. October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "국내 대표 음악 차트 가온차트!". gaonchart.co.kr. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
Jump up ^ "BTS eclipses YouTube record with 'Blood, Sweat, & Tears' MV". SBS PopAsia. October 11, 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Jeon, Su Mi (November 11, 2016). "BTS Successfully Completes 3rd Official Global Fan Meeting". Mwave. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "The big 3 of Korean pop music and entertainment". The Dong-A Ilbo. July 26, 2011. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
Jump up ^ "엑소 위에 박보검·송중기, 아이돌 천하 깬 드라마 스타". Joins (in Korean). JoongAng Ilbo. 2017-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Jump up ^ "BTS Wings Extension: You Never Walk Alone Reaches 700K Pre-orders". Osen (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-02-10.
Jump up ^ Kim, Nicholas (March 9, 2017). "BTS Breaks the Record for Most Albums Sold in a Month". Koogle TV. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ferrer, R.G. (2017-02-13). "BTS Breaks US Itunes Kpop Record With ‘Spring Day’". koreaportal. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
Jump up ^ Benjamin, Jeff. "BTS Crack the Bubbling Under Hot 100 With 'Spring Day,' Conquer Multiple Charts With 'You Never Walk Alone'". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
Jump up ^ "2017년 07주차 Digital Chart". gaonchart.co.kr. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
Jump up ^ Min, Susan (10 February 2017). "BTS′s Upcoming Album Sells Over 700,000 in Pre-orders". Mwave. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Herman, Tamar (March 1, 2017). "BTS and TWICE Speeds Past Youtube 's K-pop View Records". Billboard. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "BTS's "Not Today" is the fastest MV to surpass 10 million views". Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-02-18.
Jump up ^ "BTS "Spring Day" MV is the fastest KPOP group MV to reach 20 million views". Edaily. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
Jump up ^ "BTS's parade of new records... "Not Today" is the fastest MV to reach 20 million views". Edaily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-02-23.
Jump up ^ Lipshutz, Jason (May 21, 2017). "BTS Thanks Fans For Top Social Artist Win at Billboard Music Awards 2017: Watch". Billboard. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "[공식입장] 방탄소년단, 9월18일 컴백 확정..'LOVE YOURSELF' 발매" (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chainsmokers collaborates with BTS for ‘Love Yourself’". The Korea Herald. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "BTS Starts a 'Skool Luv Affair' with New MV". MtvIggy. February 11, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Benjamin, Jeff (December 4, 2015). "BTS: K-Pop's Social Conscience". Fuse. Retrieved 2015-12-04.
Jump up ^ Chang, Dong-woo (March 16, 2017). "How BTS's stardom kindled misogyny debate in K-pop scene". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Benjamin, Jeff (October 21, 2016). "How Korean Boy Band BTS Broke a U.S. K-pop Chart Record – Without Any Songs In English". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
Jump up ^ "Kpop group BTS gaining global recognition". Manila Bulletin Entertainment. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
Jump up ^ "How BTS is changing K-pop for the better". The Daily Dot. 2016-05-12. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
Jump up ^ "BTS donates 7 tons of rice for the people in need!". NowKpop. December 22, 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "BTS 방탄소년단 #LETS SHARE THE HEART '사랑은 함께할 때 빛나는 것' 재생수 1,035,903 좋아요 22,610,376 4 months ago". Vlive. Naver. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Min, Susan (January 21, 2017). "BTS Donates to Families of Sewol Ferry Victims". Mwave. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "방탄소년단, 푸마 새 모델 발탁…시크한 겨울 화보 공개텐아시아 | 텐아시아". 텐아시아. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
Jump up ^ "넥슨, '엘소드'에 인기 그룹 '방탄소년단' 신규 아바타 추가". news.naver.com. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
Jump up ^ Design&Trend (2016-04-14). "BTS Beats EXO, Bigbang As Most 'Marketable' Boy Group, Tops March 2016 Brand Power Ranking!". Design & Trend. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
Jump up ^ "BTS Profile" (in Korean). Naver.
Jump up ^ "KCON a mini-Coachella for Korean pop music". Los Angeles Times. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Min, Susan (April 21, 2016). "BTS, SHINee, f(x), I.O.I and More Confirmed for KCON 2016 France". Mwave. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "KCON to Host Festival in Mexico: Exclusive". Billboard. 12 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "[공식입장] '뮤뱅',8월 4일 싱가포르 간다..방탄·샤이니·레벨 출격". OSEN.
Jump up ^ "SHOW : Mnet America – [Go!] Episode 7 – Go! BTS". Mnet. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
External links
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2000s
Chakra (2000)
Lee Joon-gi, Jang Na-ra (2001)
Rain, Wheesung (2002)
Haven 3, Big Mama (2003)
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2010s
Beast, Sistar, Secret (2010)
Apink, B1A4, Dal Shabet, Boyfriend, Huh Gak (2012)
EXO, Juniel, B.A.P, Ailee, Lee Hi (2013)
BTS, Roy Kim, Lim Kim, Crayon Pop (2014)
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2000s
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2009
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Kim Tae-hee
[show]
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Park Ji-sung
Lee Byung-hun
Big Bang
Go Hyun-jung
Lee Seung-gi
Lee Hyori
Yoo Jae-suk
Kang Ho-dong
[show]
2011
Girls' Generation
Park Ji-sung
Yuna Kim
Lee Seung-gi
2PM
Yoo Jae-suk
Lee Chung-yong
2AM
Shin-Soo Choo
Kang Ho-dong
[show]
2012
Girls' Generation
Big Bang
IU
Kara
Yuna Kim
Lee Seung-gi
Park Ji-sung
Kim Tae-hee
Beast
Park Tae-hwan
[show]
2013
Psy
Girls' Generation
Son Yeon-jae
Kim Soo-hyun
Big Bang
Park Tae-hwan
Song Joong-ki
IU
Yuna Kim
Super Junior
[show]
2014
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Suzy
Hyun-jin Ryu
Exo
Shin-Soo Choo
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Yuna Kim
IU
[show]
2015
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Jun Ji-hyun
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[show]
2016
Exo
Yoo Ah-in
Hye-ri
Girls' Generation
Kim Soo-hyun
Big Bang
Inbee Park
Jun Ji-hyun
IU
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[show]
2017
Park Bo-gum
Song Joong-ki
Twice
Exo
BTS
Suzy
Song Hye-kyo
Kim Yoo-jung
Jo Jung-suk
Seung-hwan Oh
The table includes only the top 10.
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text:
12-hour clock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"AM and PM" redirects here. For other uses, see AM/PM (disambiguation).
Clock system
12-hour
24-hour
Midnight (start of day)
12 midnight
12:00 a.m.[a] 00:00
12:01 a.m. 00:01
1:00 a.m. 01:00
11:00 a.m. 11:00
11:59 a.m. 11:59
12 noon
12:00 p.m.[a] 12:00
12:01 p.m. 12:01
1:00 p.m. 13:00
11:00 p.m. 23:00
11:59 p.m. 23:59
Midnight (end of day)
shown as start of next day 24:00
^ Jump up to: a b See Confusion
at noon and midnight
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods:[1] a.m. (from the Latin, ante meridiem, meaning before midday) and p.m. (post meridiem, meaning past midday).[2] Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as zero),[3] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 24 hour/day cycle starts at 12 midnight (often indicated as 12 a.m.), runs through 12 noon (often indicated as 12 p.m.), and continues to the midnight at the end of the day. The 12-hour clock was developed over time from the mid-second millennium BC to the 16th century AD.
The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries.
Contents
[hide]
1 History and use
1.1 Use by country
1.2 Computer support
2 Abbreviations
3 Related conventions
3.1 Typography
3.1.1 Encoding
3.2 Informal speech and rounding off
3.3 Formal speech and times to the minute
4 Confusion at noon and midnight
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History and use[edit]
Exeter Cathedral Astronomical Clock, showing the double-XII numbering scheme
The natural day-and-night division of a calendar day forms the fundamental basis as to why each day is split into two cycles. Originally there were two cycles; one cycle which could be tracked by the position of the Sun (day) followed by one cycle which could be tracked by the Moon and stars (night). This would eventually evolve into the two 12-hour periods that started at midnight (a.m.) and noon (p.m.) which are used today. Noon itself is rarely abbreviated today, but if it is, it is denoted M.[1]
The 12-hour clock can be traced back as far as Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.[4] Both an Egyptian sundial for daytime use[5] and an Egyptian water clock for night-time use were found in the tomb of Pharaoh Amenhotep I.[6] Dating to c. 1500 BC, these clocks divided their respective times of use into 12 hours each.
The Romans also used a 12-hour clock: daylight was divided into 12 equal hours (thus hours having varying length throughout the year) and the night was divided into four watches.
The first mechanical clocks in the 14th century, if they had dials at all, showed all 24 hours, used the 24-hour analog dial, influenced by astronomers' familiarity with the astrolabe and sundial, and their desire to model the Earth's apparent motion around the Sun. In Northern Europe these dials generally used the 12-hour numbering scheme in Roman numerals, but showed both a.m. and p.m. periods in sequence. This is known as the double-XII system, and can be seen on many surviving clock faces, such as those at Wells and Exeter.
Elsewhere in Europe, particularly in Italy, numbering was more likely to be based on the 24-hour system (I to XXIV), reflecting the Italian style of counting the hours. The 12-hour clock was used throughout the British empire.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the 12-hour analog dial and time system gradually became established as standard throughout Northern Europe for general public use. The 24-hour analog dial was reserved for more specialized applications, such as astronomical clocks and chronometers.
Most analog clocks and watches today use the 12-hour dial, on which the shorter hour hand rotates once every 12 hours and twice in one day. Some analog clock dials have an inner ring of numbers along with the standard 1-to-12 numbered ring. The number 12 is paired either with a 00 or a 24, while the numbers 1 through 11 are paired with the numbers 13 through 23, respectively. This modification allows the clock to be read also in the 24-hour notation. This kind of 12-hour clock can be found in countries where the 24-hour clock is preferred.
Use by country[edit]
Main article: Date and time representation by country
A typical analog 12-hour clock
In several countries the 12-hour clock is the dominant written and spoken system of time, predominantly in nations that were part of the former British Empire (the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Bangladesh etc.), though a few others (Mexico, Egypt, and the former American colony of the Philippines) follow this convention as well. In most countries, however, the 24-hour clock is the standard system used, especially in writing. Some nations use a combination of the two, preferring the 12-hour system in colloquial speech but using the 24-hour system in written form and in formal contexts. This is true in some European nations and Latin America.
The 12-hour clock in speech often uses phrases such as in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, and at night. Outside of English-speaking countries, the terms a.m. and p.m. are seldom used and often unknown. In England, the descriptive phrases were universal until relatively recently; e.g., Rider's British Merlin almanac for 1795 (published in London)[7] uses them, and so does a similar almanac for 1773.
A typical digital 12-hour alarm clock indicating p.m. with a dot to the left of the hour
Computer support[edit]
In most countries, computers by default show the time in 24-hour notation. Most operating systems, including Microsoft Windows and Unix-like systems such as Linux and macOS, activate the 12-hour notation by default for a limited number of language and region settings.
This behavior can be changed by the user, such as with the Windows operating system "Region and Language" settings.[8]
Abbreviations[edit]
The Latin abbreviations a.m. and p.m. (often written "am" and "pm", "AM" and "PM", or "A.M." and "P.M.") are used in English and Spanish.[9] The equivalents in Greek are π.µ. and µ.µ., respectively, and in Sinhala පෙ.ව. (pe.va.) for පෙරවරු (peravaru, පෙර pera - fore, pre) and ප.ව. (pa.va.) for පස්වරු (pasvaru, පස්සේ passē - after, post). However, noon is rarely abbreviated in any of these languages, noon normally being written in full. In Portuguese, there are two official options and many other used, for example, using 21:45 pm: 21h45 or 21h45min (official ones) or 21:45 or 9:45 p.m.
Most other languages lack formal abbreviations for "before noon" and "after noon", and their users use the 12-hour clock only orally and informally.[citation needed] However, in many languages, such as Russian and Hebrew, informal designations are used, such as "9 in the morning" or "3 in the night".
When abbreviations and phrases are omitted, one may rely on sentence context and societal norms to reduce ambiguity. For example, if one commutes to work at "9:00", 9:00 a.m. may be implied, but if a social dance is scheduled to begin at "9:00", it may begin at 9:00 p.m.
Related conventions[edit]
Typography[edit]
The terms "a.m." and "p.m." are abbreviations of the Latin ante meridiem (before midday) and post meridiem (after midday). Depending on the style guide referenced, the abbreviations "a.m." and "p.m." are variously written in small capitals ("am" and "pm"), uppercase letters without a period ("AM" and "PM"), uppercase letters with periods, or lowercase letters ("am" and "pm" or, more commonly, "a.m." and "p.m.").
Some stylebooks suggest the use of a space between the number and the a.m. or p.m. abbreviation.[citation needed] Style guides recommend not using a.m. and p.m. without a time preceding it,[10] although doing so can be advantageous when describing an event that always happens before or after noon.
The hour/minute separator varies between countries: some use a colon, others use a period (full stop), and still others use the letter h. In many instances using the 24-hour clock, there is no separator between hours and minutes (0800, written as though read as "oh-eight-hundred").
Encoding[edit]
In Unicode, there exist symbols for:
"a.m." U+33C2 ㏂ (HTML ㏂) and
"p.m." U+33D8 ㏘ (HTML ㏘).
They are meant to be used only with Chinese-Japanese-Korean character sets, as they take up exactly the same space as one Chinese character.
Informal speech and rounding off[edit]
It is common to round a time to the nearest five minutes and express the time as so many minutes past an hour (5:05 is "five past five" or "five oh five", formerly written as 5.5 in some publications in the UK[11]) or minutes to an hour (e.g., 5:55 is "five to six"). A period of 15 minutes is often expressed as "a quarter" (hence 5:15 is "a quarter past five") and 30 minutes is expressed as "half" (hence 5:30 is "half past five" or merely "half five"). Thus, the time would be spoken as 8:45, and "(a) quarter to nine".[12] Moreover, in situations where the relevant hour is obvious or has been recently mentioned, speakers can use terms "quarter to" and "half past" to avoid elaborate sentences in particularly informal conversations. These forms are often commonly used in television and radio broadcasts that cover multiple time zones at one-hour intervals.
Instead of meaning 5:30, the "half five" expression is sometimes used to mean 4:30, or "half-way to five", especially for regions such as the American Midwest and other areas that have been particularly influenced by German culture. This meaning follows the pattern choices of many Germanic and Slavic languages, including Dutch, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Russian and Swedish.
Formal speech and times to the minute[edit]
"O'clock" redirects here. For the o'clock watch, see O bag.
Minutes may be expressed as an exact number of minutes past the hour specifying the time of day (e.g., 6:32 p.m. is "six thirty-two"). Additionally, when expressing the time using the "past (after)" or "to (before)" formula, it is conventional to choose the number of minutes below 30 (e.g., 6.32 pm is conventionally "twenty-eight minutes to seven" rather than "thirty-two minutes past six").
In spoken English, full hours are often represented by the numbered hour followed by o'clock (10:00 as ten o'clock, 2:00 as two o'clock). This may be followed by the "a.m." or "p.m." designator, though phrases such as in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, or at night more commonly follow analog-style terms such as o'clock, half past three, and quarter to four. O'clock itself may be omitted, telling a time as four a.m. or four p.m. Minutes ":01" to ":09" are usually pronounced as oh one to oh nine (nought or zero can also be used instead of oh). Minutes ":10" to ":59" are pronounced as their usual number-words. For instance, 6:02 a.m. can be pronounced six oh two a.m. whereas 6:32 a.m. could be told as six thirty-two a.m.
Confusion at noon and midnight[edit]
Time according to various conventions
Device or style
Midnight
Start of day
Noon
Midnight
End of day
Written 24-hour time,
ISO 8601 00:00 12:00 24:00
U.S. Government Printing Office (1953)[13] midnight[a] noon
12 o'clock noon
12 m. midnight
12:00 p.m.
U.S. Government Printing Office (2000)[14]
midnight[a] 12 a.m.
noon 12 p.m.
midnight[a]
U.S. Government Printing Office (2008)[15] 12 a.m.
12 midnight[a] 12 p.m.
12 noon
12 midnight[a]
Japanese legal convention[dubious – discuss][16] 0:00 a.m. 12:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m.
Chicago Manual of Style[17] noon
12:00 m.
Canadian Press,[18] UK standard[19] Midnight Noon Midnight
Associated Press style[20] — noon midnight
NIST[21] midnight[b]
12:01 a.m. noon midnight[b]
11:59 p.m.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e These styles are ambiguous with respect to whether midnight is at the start or end of each day.
^ Jump up to: a b NIST recommends using 11:59 p.m. and 12:01 a.m. to disambiguate when needed.
It is not always clear what times "12:00 a.m." and "12:00 p.m." denote. From the Latin words meridies (midday), ante (before) and post (after), the term ante meridiem (a.m.) means before midday and post meridiem (p.m.) means after midday. Since "noon" (midday - meridies (m.)) is neither before nor after itself, the terms a.m. and p.m. do not apply.[21] Although "12 m." was suggested as a way to indicate noon, this is seldom done[17] and also does not resolve the question of how to indicate midnight.
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states "By convention, 12 AM denotes midnight and 12 PM denotes noon. Because of the potential for confusion, it is advisable to use 12 noon and 12 midnight."[22]
E. G. Richards in his book Mapping Time provided a diagram in which 12 a.m. means noon and 12 p.m. means midnight.[23] The style manual of the United States Government Printing Office used 12 a.m. for noon and 12 p.m. for midnight until its 2008 edition, when it reversed these designations,[14][15] later maintained in its 2016 revision.[24]
Many U.S. style guides, and NIST's "Frequently asked questions (FAQ)" web page,[21] recommend that it is clearest if one refers to "noon" or "12:00 noon" and "midnight" or "12:00 midnight" (rather than to "12:00 p.m." and "12:00 a.m."). The NIST website states that "12 a.m. and 12 p.m. are ambiguous and should not be used."
The Associated Press Stylebook specifies that midnight "is part of the day that is ending, not the one that is beginning."[20] Thus, according to AP style, "midnight Friday" occurs one minute after 11:59 p.m. Friday, not one minute before 12:01 a.m. Friday.
The Canadian Press Stylebook[18] says, "write noon or midnight, not 12 noon or 12 midnight." Phrases such as "12 a.m." and "12 p.m." are not mentioned at all. Britain's National Physical Laboratory "FAQ-Time" web page[19] states "In cases where the context cannot be relied upon to place a particular event, the pair of days straddling midnight can be quoted"; also "the terms 12 a.m. and 12 p.m. should be avoided."
Likewise, some U.S. style guides recommend either clarifying "midnight" with other context clues, such as specifying the two dates between which it falls, or not referring to midnight at all. For an example of the latter method, "midnight" is replaced with "11:59 p.m." for the end of a day or "12:01 a.m." for the start of a day. That has become common in the United States in legal contracts and for airplane, bus, or train schedules, though some schedules use other conventions. Occasionally, when trains run at regular intervals, the pattern may be broken at midnight by displacing the midnight departure one or more minutes, such as to 11:59 p.m. or 12:01 a.m.[25]
See also[edit]
24-hour clock
30-hour clock
6-hour clock
Clock position
Date and time representation by country
Decimal time
Midnight
Noon
Pahar
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Time". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 28. 1986. pp. 660 2a.
"Time". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Retrieved 20 November 2013. (subscription required)
"The use of AM or PM to designate either noon or midnight can cause ambiguity. To designate noon, either the word noon or 1200 or 12 M should be used. To designate midnight without causing ambiguity, the two dates between which it falls should be given unless the 24-hour notation is used. Thus, midnight may be written: May 15–16 or 2400 May 15 or 0000 May 16."
Jump up ^ "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Physics Laboratory, Times of Day FAQs". Retrieved 20 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Susan Addington (25 August 2016). "Modular Arithmetic". Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "The History of Clocks". 13 October 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Berlin instruments of the old Eg.time of day destination". members.aon.at.
Jump up ^ A Walk through Time - Water Clocks Archived 31 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ National Library of Australia catalogue entry for Rider's British merlin: for the year of Our Lord God 1795
Jump up ^ Lawrence Abrams (13 December 2012). "How to customize how the time is displayed in Windows". Bleeping Computer. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, HORA (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ Hacker, Diana, A Writer's Reference, six edition, Bedford, St Martin's, Boston, 2007, section M4-c, p.308.
Jump up ^ "TVTimes". 21–27 May 1983. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
Jump up ^ American Heritage Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992). s.v. usage note at end of "quarter" entry.
Jump up ^ "United States Government Printing Office Style Manual". January 1953. pp. 152 and 267.
^ Jump up to: a b "U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual" (PDF). page 156.
^ Jump up to: a b "U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual - Chapter 12 - Numerals". www.gpo.gov.
Jump up ^ "午前１２時？ 午後０時？" [12 AM? or 0 PM?]. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (in Japanese). 15 February 1989. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017. paragraph 9.38. ISBN 978-0-226-28705-8. Although noon can be expressed as 12:00 m. (m = meridies), very few use that form.
^ Jump up to: a b The Canadian Press Stylebook (11th ed.). 1999. page 288.
^ Jump up to: a b National Physical Laboratory, FAQ-Time
^ Jump up to: a b Ed. Norm Goldstein, The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law: with Internet Guide and Glossary, P.161, 177, Perseus Publishing, 2002, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, LCCN 2002105974, ISBN, 0-7382-0740-3
^ Jump up to: a b c "Times of day, Frequently asked questions (FAQ)". National Institute of Standards and Technology. 18 January 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
Jump up ^ AM at the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition (2011)
Jump up ^ Richards, E. G., Mapping Time: the Calendar and its History (Oxford University Press, 1999), 289.
Jump up ^ "New Edition of the GPO Style Manual - govinfo". www.govinfo.gov.
Jump up ^ Interim train timetables, Abellio Greater Anglia, London, 17 May 2015, pages 7 and 8.
External links[edit]
NIST FAQ on time
12am is noon in Japan
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values: الوقت بصيغة ال12 ساعة – Arabic

values: 12-гадзінны фармат часу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

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interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
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values: 12-часов часовник – Bulgarian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
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interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
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values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM_og_PM
AM og PM – Danish
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interlanguage-link-target

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interlanguage-link interwiki-da
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values: שעון בן 12 שעות – Hebrew

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interlanguage-link interwiki-he
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values: ೧೨ ಗಂಟೆಗಳ ಗಡಿಯಾರ – Kannada

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interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
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values: 12-മണിക്കൂർ ഘടികാരം – Malayalam

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
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interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
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interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
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values: Sistema horário de 12 horas – Portuguese

values: 12-часовой формат времени – Russian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
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interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
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interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
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values: 12-годинний формат часу – Ukrainian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
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values: قبل دوپہر – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
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values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-12-hour_clock rootpage-12-hour_clock skin-vector action-view