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List of political parties in the Netherlands
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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The Netherlands has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 60,000 votes. Since this system was implemented in 1918, no party has even approached the seats needed for an outright majority. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, and all parties must adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
Contents
[hide]
1 Parliamentary parties
2 Additional parties that participated in the general election of 2017
3 Other parties (only local representation)
4 Regional parties
5 Defunct parties
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Parliamentary parties[edit]
Political parties represented in the States General of the Netherlands
Political party
Ideology
Political position
European affiliation
European parliamentary group
International affiliation
Leader
People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie VVD Conservative liberalism
[1]
Economic liberalism
[2][3][4] Centre-right
[5][6] Alliance of Liberals and
Democrats for Europe Party Alliance of Liberals and
Democrats for Europe Group Liberal International Mark Rutte
Party for Freedom
Partij voor de Vrijheid PVV Right-wing populism
[7][8] Right-wing
[9][10] European Alliance for Freedom Europe of Nations and Freedom International Freedom Alliance Geert Wilders
Christian Democratic Appeal
Christen-Democratisch Appèl CDA Christian democracy
[11] Centre
[12][13][14][15]
to Centre-right
[16][17][18] European People's Party European People's Party Group Centrist Democrat International Sybrand van Haersma Buma
Democrats 66
Democraten 66 D66 Social liberalism
[1] Centre
[5] Alliance of Liberals and
Democrats for Europe Party Alliance of Liberals and
Democrats for Europe Group Liberal International Alexander Pechtold
GreenLeft
GroenLinks GL Green politics
[19]
Green liberalism
[20] Left-wing
[21][22] European Green Party Greens–European Free Alliance Global Greens Jesse Klaver
Socialist Party
Socialistische Partij SP Democratic socialism
[23][24][25]
Social democracy
[26] Left-wing
[27] European United
Left–Nordic Green Left Emile Roemer
Labour Party
Partij van de Arbeid PvdA Social democracy
[28] Centre-left
[21][29] Party of European Socialists Progressive Alliance of
Socialists and Democrats Progressive Alliance Lodewijk Asscher
Christian Union
ChristenUnie CU Christian democracy
[28]
Social Christian
[21][30] Centre
[31][32] European Christian Political Movement European Conservatives and Reformists Gert-Jan Segers
Party for the Animals
Partij voor de Dieren PvdD Animal rights
[33]
Animal welfare
[19]
Environmentalism European United
Left–Nordic Green Left Euro Animal 7 Marianne Thieme
50PLUS
50Plus 50+ Pensioners' interests
[34]
Populism
[1][28] Centre
[5] Henk Krol
Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij SGP Christian right
[28]
Social conservatism
[21][35] Right-wing
[36][37] European Christian Political Movement European Conservatives and Reformists Kees van der Staaij
Denk
Denk Denk Social democracy
[38][39]
Pro-multiculturalism
[38][39]
Identity politics
[40] Tunahan Kuzu
Forum for Democracy
Forum voor Democratie FvD National conservatism
Fiscal conservatism
Direct democracy
E-democracy
Right-wing populism
[41] Right-wing Thierry Baudet
Political party represented in the Senate of the Netherlands only
Independent Senate Group
Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie OSF Regionalism Centre European Free Alliance Henk ten Hoeve
Additional parties that participated in the general election of 2017[edit]
Political party
Ideology
Political position
European affiliation
European parliamentary group
International affiliation
Leader
For the Netherlands
VoorNederland VNL Classical liberalism
[42]
Liberal conservatism
[43] Right-wing
[5] Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe Jan Roos
Artikel 1
Artikel 1 AR1 Social democracy[44]
Pro-multiculturalism[44] Sylvana Simons
Libertarian Party
Libertarische Partij LP Libertarianism
[45] European Party for Individual Liberty Liberty International Robert Valentine
GeenPeil
GeenPeil GP Direct democracy
E-democracy
Right-wing populism
[46] Right-wing Jan Dijkgraaf
Pirate Party
Piratenpartij PPNL Pirate politics
[47]
Direct democracy
E-democracy
[48][49] Centre
[50] European Pirate Party Pirate Parties International Ancilla van de Leest
Free-thinking Party
Vrijzinnige Partij VZP Social liberalism
[51]
Cultural liberalism
[52] Centre Norbert Klein
Party for Human and Spirit
Partij voor Mens en Spirit MenS Spiritual left
[53] Centre-left Tara-Joëlle Fonk
New Ways
Nieuwe Wegen NW Social democracy
[54]
Left-wing populism
[55] Centre-left Alfred Oosenbrug
Kingdom of the Netherlands
This article is part of a series on the
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Constitution[show]
Charter
Wet Algemene Bepalingen
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King
Willem-Alexander
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St. Maarten
Cabinet[show]
Prime Minister (list)
Mark Rutte
Deputy Prime Minister
Lodewijk Asscher
Cabinet (list)
Current cabinet (69th / Rutte 2)
States General[show]
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President: Ankie Broekers-Knol
Current membership
Historic composition
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Speaker: Khadija Arib
Current membership
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Recent elections
General: 2010
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Provincial: 2007
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Referendums: 2005
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Political parties
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Local government[show]
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BES islands
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Diplomatic missions
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Contemporary history
Other countries
Atlas
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Members of the four parties with parliamentary representation since 1980 and participation in government: PvdA, D66, CDA and VVD (from the left). Ulft, shortly before the municipal elections of 2010.
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is a conservative-liberal party.[28] As a centre-right movement, it attaches great importance to private enterprise, market liberalism[56] and the freedom of the individual in political, social, and economic affairs. The party is generally supportive of European economic integration, but is less supportive of political integration. VVD is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.
The Labour Party (PvdA), a social democratic party, and centre-left in orientation.[28] Its program is based on more social, political, and economic equality for all citizens. Former PvdA-prime minister Joop den Uyl has called it an "equal distribution of knowledge, income and power." In recent years the PvdA has espoused a centrist Third Way programme. The PvdA is generally supportive of European integration. Although called the Labour Party, it has no formal links to the trade unions. In practice, however, strong links exist, with PvdA politicians often beginning their careers in the FNV trade union. The party is led by Diederik Samsom. The PvdA is a member of the Socialist International.
The Party for Freedom (PVV) is a right-wing populist[28] and conservative-liberal[57] party. It was founded by Geert Wilders, who split from the VVD in 2004. The PVV seeks to lower taxation. It is Eurosceptical and seeks to limit immigration, especially from Islamic and non-Western countries.
The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian democratic party on the centre to centre-right.[28] It supports free enterprise and holds to the principle that government activity should supplement but not supplant communal action by citizens. On the political spectrum, the CDA sees its philosophy as standing between the "individualism" of the VVD and the "statism" of the Labour Party. The CDA favours European economic, cultural, and political integration. The party is led by Sybrand van Haersma Buma. The CDA is a member of the Centrist Democrat International.
The Socialist Party (SP) is a left-wing populist party.[58] In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a Maoist party supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC). But in 1991 the SP dropped its Communist course, and chose a more independent and less radical democratic socialist[28] course, having long since denounced Maoism and the PRC. The party itself has called it a move "from socialism to a social-ism." The party opposes what it sees as the European Superstate. The SP operates as an independent party within the European United Left–Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament. Emile Roemer is the leader of the SP.
GreenLeft combines green politics[28] with left-wing ideals. The party was founded in 1989 as a merger of the Radical, Pacifist, Communist, and Evangelical Left parties. GreenLeft is a member of the Global Greens.
The Christian Union (CU) is a socially conservative[28] Christian democratic party, which mostly concentrates on ethical issues, such as a resistance against abortion, euthanasia, and gay marriage. In other areas (e.g. immigration and the environment), the party often is closer to the left-wing parties. It is sceptical about European integration. The CU operates within the European Conservatives and Reformists group within the European Parliament and is a founding member of the European Christian Political Movement. Arie Slob leads the party.
Democrats 66 (D66) has had widely fluctuating electoral fortunes since the party's founding in 1966. It is a centrist social liberal[28][56] party, professing a pro-European platform of ethnic and religious tolerance. Alexander Pechtold leads the party. D66 is a member of the Liberal International.
Party for the Animals (PvdD) is an animal rights party, which can be labeled as a one issue-party, though it claims not to be. The focus of the party is on animal welfare, protecting the environment and conservation. The party also has distinctive points of view about education, privacy, health care and the economy. In general, the party is considered centre-left to left-wing.
The Reformed Political Party (SGP) is a party of the Christian right,[28] with stronger ethical points of view than the ChristianUnion. Although a small party on a national level, it is an important political power in some orthodox reformed municipalities. The party sees governments (local, regional, national and international) as unconditional servants of God. The party bases all of its views directly on the Bible. The party opposes European integration and operates within the European Conservatives and Reformists group and is a member of the European Christian Political Movement. Kees van der Staaij leads the SGP.
50Plus (50+) is a Pensioners' Party. It is led by political entrepreneur Jan Nagel.
The Independent Senate Group (Dutch: Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie, OSF) is a parliamentary party in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties.
Other parties (only local representation)[edit]
Party
Abbreviation
Year of
Creation
Number of Municipality seats
The Greens 1983 1
Islam Democrats ID 2006 2
New Communist Party of the Netherlands NCPN 1992 3
Forza! Netherlands Forza! 2003 8
Proud of the Netherlands TROTS 2007 6
United Communist Party VCP 1999 5
United Senior Party VSP 2001 13
Regional parties[edit]
Party
Abbreviation
Active in
Number of Provincial seats
Number of Municipality seats
Frisian National Party FNP Friesland 4 58
Groninger Belang GB Groningen 3 -
Party for the North PvhN Groningen 1 3
Party for Zeeland PVZ Zeeland 1 1
Defunct parties[edit]
History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives.
Algemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV) (General Elderly Alliance)
Algemeene Bond van RK-kiesverenigingen (General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses; became the RKSP)
Alliantie voor Vernieuwing en Democratie (Alliance for Renewal and Democracy)
Artikel 50 (Article 50; merged with For the Netherlands)
Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (General Dutch Fascist League)
Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP, Anti-Revolutionary Party, 1879–1980; merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA))
Arab European League (Arabisch-Europese Liga, AEL; initially founded in Belgium, active in the Netherlands between 2003–2005; now MDP)
Arbeiderspartij van Nederland (opbouworganisatie) (APN(o)) (Workers Party of the Netherlands (build-up organisation))
Boerenpartij (BP) (Farmers' Party)
Bond Christen Socialisten (BCS) (League of Christian Socialists)
Bond van Nederlandse Marxisten-Leninisten (BNML) (League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists; merged into KAO(ml))
Bond van Vrije Liberalen (Association of Free Liberals; merged into Liberale Staatspartij)
Brabant Party (Brabantse Partij), has been active in North Brabant.
Continue Directe Democratie Partij (CDDP)
Centrumdemocraten (CD) (Centre Democrats; split from the Centrumpartij)
Centrumpartij (CP) (Centre Party; later Centrumpartij '86)
Centrumpartij '86 (CP'86; Centre Party '86)
Christen Democratische Partij (Christian Democratic Party)
Christelijk-Democratische Unie (Christian-Democratic Union; CDU; merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA))
Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU) (Christian-Historical Union; merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA))
Christelijk Sociale Party (CSP)
Christelijk-Historische Kiezersbond (CHK) (Christian Historical Voters' League; merged into the Christelijk-Historische Partij)
'Christelijk-Historische Partij (CHP) (Christian Historical Party; merged into the Christian Historican Union)
Communistische Partij Nederland (CPN) (Communist Party Netherlands; merged into GroenLinks, some members formed the NCPN)
deConservatieven (The Conservatives)
Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70) (Democratic Socialists '70)
Duurzaam Nederland (Sustainable Netherlands)
Economische Bond (EB) (Economic League)
Europa Transparant (ET) (Europe Transparant)
Evangelische Volkspartij (EVP) (Evangelical Peoples Party; merged into GroenLinks)
Fatherland League (Netherlands) (Vaderlandsch Verbond)
Friesche Bond (Frisian League; merged into the Christian Historican Union
Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV) (Reformed Political Union; merged into ChristenUnie)
Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij {dissolved in 1946}
Independent Socialist Party (OSP)
Islamitische Partij Nederland (Islamic Party Netherlands; founded in 1998)
Katholieke Nationale Partij (KNP) (Catholic National Party) {merged into the KVP}
Katholieke Volkspartij (KVP) (Catholic People's Party) {merged into Christen Democratisch Appèl (CDA)}
Kommunistische Arbeidersorganisatie (marxistisch-leninistisch) (KAO(ml) (Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist-Leninist); dissolved around 1980)
Kommunistische Eenheidsbeweging Nederland (marxistisch-leninistisch) (KEN(ml); Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands) {dissolved in mid-1980s)
The Independent Citizen Party (Dutch: Onafhankelijke Burger Partij, OBP)
Leefbaar Nederland (LN) (Liveable Netherlands)
Liberale Staatspartij (LSP; Liberal State Party; merged into Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV))
Liberale Partij (Liberal Party; merged into the Vaderlandsch Verbond)
Liberale Unie (Liberal Union; merged into Liberale Staatspartij)
Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) (Pim Fortuyn List; disbanded in 2007)
Lijst Ratelband (Ratelband List)
Lijst Veldhoen (Veldhoen List)
Marxistisch-Leninistische Partij Nederland (MLPN; a fake party founded in 1970 by the Dutch Intelligence Service BVD and the CIA, to research support for Maoism and to fool the People's Republic of China)
Middenpartij voor Stad en Land (MPSL) (Middle Party for City and Country)
Middenstandspartij (MP) (Middle Class Party)
Moslimpartij (Muslim Party; founded in 1993)
Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) (National Socialist Dutch Workers Party) {1931–1941}
Nationale Alliantie (NA) (National Alliance)
Nederlands Blok (NB) (Dutch Block)
Neutrale Partij (Neutral Party)
Nieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP) (New National Party)
Nieuw Rechts (NR) (New Right)
O O Den Haag (O O The Hague; {was initially registered for 2003 elections but withdrew)
Pacifistisch-Socialistische Partij (PSP; Pacifist-Socialist Party; merged into GroenLinks)
New Limburg Party (PNL; Partij Nieuw Limburg, has been active in Limburg)
Partij van de Vrijheid (PvdV) (Freedom Party; became Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie")
Partij Voor De Mens en alle overige aardbewoners
Partij voor Naastenliefde, Vrijheid en Diversiteit (Party for Neighborly Love, Freedom and Diversity; PNVD)
Partij voor Rechtvaardigheid, Daadkracht en Vooruitgang (Party for Justice, Action and Progress)
Plattelandersbond (Peasants' League)
Politieke Partij Radicalen (PPR) (Political Party of Radicals; merged into GroenLinks)
Progressive Integration Party
Radicale Bond (RB) (Radical League; merged into VDB)
Reformatorische Politieke Federatie (RPF) (Reforming Political Federation) {merged into ChristenUnie}
Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij(RKSP) (Roman Catholic Political Party; predecessor of KVP)
Senioren 2000 (Seniors 2000)
Solide Multiculturele Partij (SMP)
Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiders Partij (SDAP) (Social Democratic Workers Party; merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA))
Sociaal-Democratische Bond (Social Democratic League; merged into the SDAP)
Socialistische Party (Socialist Party active before World War II, not the current Socialist Party)
Solidair '93 (Solidarity '93; appears not to have contested elections after 1998)
Unie 55+ (General Senior Union/Union 55+)
Verbond tot Democratisering der Weermacht (Alliance for the Democratization of the Army)
Verbond van Communisten in Nederland (VCN) (League of Communists in the Netherlands; split from the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN) in 1983 and merged with the remains of the CPN in 1992 to form the New Communist Party of the Netherlands (NCPN))
Verbond voor Nationaal Herstel (Alliance for National Reconstruction)
Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB) (Freethinking Democratic League; merged into Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA))
Vrij Antirevolutionaire Partij (Free Anti Revolutionary Party; merged into Christelijk-Historische Partij)
See also[edit]
Politics of the Netherlands
List of political parties by country
Liberalism in the Netherlands
Socialism in the Netherlands
Christian democracy in the Netherlands
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen
verkiezingsuitslagen.nl Dutch All Elections result according to the Dutch government
[show]
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Political parties in the Netherlands
House of Representatives
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (33)
Party for Freedom (20)
Christian Democratic Appeal (19)
Democrats 66 (19)
Socialist Party (14)
GroenLinks (14)
Labour Party (9)
Christian Union (5)
Party for the Animals (5)
50PLUS (4)
Reformed Political Party (3)
Denk (3)
Forum for Democracy (2)
Senate
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (13)
Christian Democratic Appeal (12)
Democrats 66 (10)
Party for Freedom (9)
Socialist Party (9)
Labour Party (8)
GroenLinks (4)
Christian Union (3)
Party for the Animals (2)
Reformed Political Party (2)
50PLUS (2)
Independent Senate Fraction (1)
European Parliament
Christian Democratic Appeal (EPP 5)
Democrats 66 (ALDE 4)
Party for Freedom (ENL 4)
Labour Party (S&D 3)
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (ALDE 3)
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Christian Union (ECR 1)
Reformed Political Party (ECR 1)
Party for the Animals (UEL-NGL 1)
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Politics of the Netherlands
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Defunct political parties in the Netherlands
Catholic
General League
Roman Catholic People's Party
Roman-Catholic State Party
Catholic People's Party
Catholic National Party
Political Party of Radicals
Roman Catholic Party Netherlands
Liberal
Liberal Union
Radical League
Free-thinking Democratic League
League of Free Liberals
Liberal Party
Economic League
Middle Class Party
Neutral Party
Liberal State Party
Freedom Party
Reformed
Anti Revolutionary Party
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Free Anti Revolutionary Party
Christian Historical Party
Frisian League
Christian Historical Union
League of Christian Socialists
Christian Democratic Party
Christian Social Party
Christian Democratic Union
Reformed Reformed State Party
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Reformatory Political Federation
Evangelical People's Party
Socialist
Social Democratic League
Social Democratic Workers' Party
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Socialist Party
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Pacifist Socialist Party
Democratic Socialists '70
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Alliance for the Democratization of the Army
Peasants' League
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New Middle Party
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Centre Party '86
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Dutch Block
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National Alliance
General Elderly Alliance
Union 55+
Livable Netherlands
Pim Fortuyn List
Proud of the Netherlands
Independent Citizens' Party
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Liberal political parties in the Netherlands
Social
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Economic League
Democrats 66
Classical
Freedom Party
Conservative
Liberal Union
League of Free Liberals
Liberal Party
Liberal State Party
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
[show]
v
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Communist, socialist and social democratic political parties in the Netherlands
Current
With seats in parliament
GroenLinks
SP
Denk
PvdA
Without seats in parliament
NCPN
IKB - SAP
PSP'92
IS
VCP
Socialistisch Alternatief
GML/Rode Morgen
Defunct
With seats in parliament
SDB
SDAP
SDP - CPH - CPN
CPN-CC
CSP
BCS
SP ('18–'28)
OSP
RSP - RSAP
PSP
DS70
Without seats in parliament
SU
SWP
SDV
BKSP
MLC - MLCN - KEN-M/L
CCR m/l
KAPN
KCB
S'93
Solidara
KAOm/l
KAO
BNML
RJ
RJ m/l
MLPN
APN(no)
VCN
[show]
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Christian political parties in the Netherlands
Catholic (former parties)
Algemene Bond
RKVP
RKSP
KVP
KNP
RKPN
Gereformeerd
ARP
BCS
CSP
CDP
SGP
CDU
GPV
RPF
EVP
Christian Union
Hervormd and others
VAR
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CHP
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands&oldid=796241101"
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Algemeen Ouderen Verbond

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Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij

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Anti-Revolutionaire Partij

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Bond Christen Socialisten

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League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists

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Bond van Vrije Liberalen

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Christelijk-Democratische Unie

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Christelijk Sociale Party

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Communistische Partij Nederland

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Democratisch Socialisten '70

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Economische Bond

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Europa Transparant

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Evangelische Volkspartij

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Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond

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Katholieke Nationale Partij

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Liveable Netherlands

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Liberale Unie

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Lijst Pim Fortuyn

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Middenpartij voor Stad en Land

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