text:
Stack (abstract data type)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the use of the term LIFO in accounting, see LIFO (accounting). For the use of the term pushdown in strength training, see Pushdown (exercise).
For other uses, see Stack (disambiguation).
Simple representation of a stack runtime with push and pop operations.
In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two principal operations:
push, which adds an element to the collection, and
pop, which removes the most recently added element that was not yet removed.
The order in which elements come off a stack gives rise to its alternative name, LIFO (last in, first out). Additionally, a peek operation may give access to the top without modifying the stack.[1] The name "stack" for this type of structure comes from the analogy to a set of physical items stacked on top of each other, which makes it easy to take an item off the top of the stack, while getting to an item deeper in the stack may require taking off multiple other items first.[2]
Considered as a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection, the push and pop operations occur only at one end of the structure, referred to as the top of the stack. This makes it possible to implement a stack as a singly linked list and a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept an entity to be pushed, the stack is then considered to be in an overflow state. The pop operation removes an item from the top of the stack.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Non-essential operations
3 Software stacks
3.1 Implementation
3.1.1 Array
3.1.2 Linked list
3.2 Stacks and programming languages
4 Hardware stack
4.1 Basic architecture of a stack
4.1.1 Stack in main memory
4.1.2 Stack in registers or dedicated memory
5 Applications of stacks
5.1 Expression evaluation and syntax parsing
5.2 Backtracking
5.3 Compile time memory management
5.4 Efficient algorithms
6 Security
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History[edit]
Stacks entered the computer science literature in 1946, when Alan M. Turing used the terms "bury" and "unbury" as a means of calling and returning from subroutines.[3] Subroutines had already been implemented in Konrad Zuse's Z4 in 1945.
Klaus Samelson and Friedrich L. Bauer of Technical University Munich proposed the idea in 1955 and filed a patent in 1957,[4] and in March 1988 Bauer received the Computer Pioneer Award for the invention of the stack principle.[5] The same concept was developed, independently, by the Australian Charles Leonard Hamblin in the first half of 1957.[6]
Stacks are often described by analogy to a spring-loaded stack of plates in a cafeteria.[7][2][8] Clean plates are placed on top of the stack, pushing down any already there. When a plate is removed from the stack, the one below it pops up to become the new top.
Non-essential operations[edit]
In many implementations, a stack has more operations than "push" and "pop". An example is "top of stack", or "peek", which observes the top-most element without removing it from the stack.[9] Since this can be done with a "pop" and a "push" with the same data, it is not essential. An underflow condition can occur in the "stack top" operation if the stack is empty, the same as "pop". Also, implementations often have a function which just returns whether the stack is empty.
Software stacks[edit]
Implementation[edit]
A stack can be easily implemented either through an array or a linked list. What identifies the data structure as a stack in either case is not the implementation but the interface: the user is only allowed to pop or push items onto the array or linked list, with few other helper operations. The following will demonstrate both implementations, using pseudocode.
Array[edit]
An array can be used to implement a (bounded) stack, as follows. The first element (usually at the zero offset) is the bottom, resulting in array[0] being the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore pointing to the place in the array where the next element is to be inserted (assuming a zero-based index convention). Thus, the stack itself can be effectively implemented as a three-element structure:
structure stack: maxsize : integer top : integer items : array of item

procedure initialize(stk : stack, size : integer): stk.items ← new array of size items, initially empty stk.maxsize ← size stk.top ← 0

The push operation adds an element and increments the top index, after checking for overflow:
procedure push(stk : stack, x : item): if stk.top = stk.maxsize: report overflow error else: stk.items[stk.top] ← x stk.top ← stk.top + 1

Similarly, pop decrements the top index after checking for underflow, and returns the item that was previously the top one:
procedure pop(stk : stack): if stk.top = 0: report underflow error else: stk.top ← stk.top − 1 r ← stk.items[stk.top]

Using a dynamic array, it is possible to implement a stack that can grow or shrink as much as needed. The size of the stack is simply the size of the dynamic array, which is a very efficient implementation of a stack since adding items to or removing items from the end of a dynamic array requires amortized O(1) time.
Linked list[edit]
Another option for implementing stacks is to use a singly linked list. A stack is then a pointer to the "head" of the list, with perhaps a counter to keep track of the size of the list:
structure frame: data : item next : frame or nil

structure stack: head : frame or nil size : integer

procedure initialize(stk : stack): stk.head ← nil stk.size ← 0

Pushing and popping items happens at the head of the list; overflow is not possible in this implementation (unless memory is exhausted):
procedure push(stk : stack, x : item): newhead ← new frame newhead.data ← x newhead.next ← stk.head stk.head ← newhead stk.size ← stk.size + 1

procedure pop(stk : stack): if stk.head = nil: report underflow error r ← stk.head.data stk.head ← stk.head.next stk.size ← stk.size - 1 return r

Stacks and programming languages[edit]
Some languages, such as Perl, LISP and Python, make the stack operations push and pop available on their standard list/array types. Some languages, notably those in the Forth family (including PostScript), are designed around language-defined stacks that are directly visible to and manipulated by the programmer.
The following is an example of manipulating a stack in Common Lisp (">" is the Lisp interpreter's prompt; lines not starting with ">" are the interpreter's responses to expressions):
> (setf stack (list 'a 'b 'c)) ;; set the variable "stack" (A B C) > (pop stack) ;; get top (leftmost) element, should modify the stack A > stack ;; check the value of stack (B C) > (push 'new stack) ;; push a new top onto the stack (NEW B C)
Several of the C++ Standard Library container types have push_back and pop_back operations with LIFO semantics; additionally, the stack template class adapts existing containers to provide a restricted API with only push/pop operations. PHP has an SplStack class. Java's library contains a Stack class that is a specialization of Vector. Following is an example program in Java language, using that class.
import java.util.*; class StackDemo { public static void main(String[]args) { Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>(); stack.push("A"); // Insert "A" in the stack stack.push("B"); // Insert "B" in the stack stack.push("C"); // Insert "C" in the stack stack.push("D"); // Insert "D" in the stack System.out.println(stack.peek()); // Prints the top of the stack ("D") stack.pop(); // removing the top ("D") stack.pop(); // removing the next top ("C") } }
Hardware stack[edit]
A common use of stacks at the architecture level is as a means of allocating and accessing memory.
Basic architecture of a stack[edit]
A typical stack, storing local data and call information for nested procedure calls (not necessarily nested procedures). This stack grows downward from its origin. The stack pointer points to the current topmost datum on the stack. A push operation decrements the pointer and copies the data to the stack; a pop operation copies data from the stack and then increments the pointer. Each procedure called in the program stores procedure return information (in yellow) and local data (in other colors) by pushing them onto the stack. This type of stack implementation is extremely common, but it is vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks (see the text).
A typical stack is an area of computer memory with a fixed origin and a variable size. Initially the size of the stack is zero. A stack pointer, usually in the form of a hardware register, points to the most recently referenced location on the stack; when the stack has a size of zero, the stack pointer points to the origin of the stack.
The two operations applicable to all stacks are:
a push operation, in which a data item is placed at the location pointed to by the stack pointer, and the address in the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item;
a pop or pull operation: a data item at the current location pointed to by the stack pointer is removed, and the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item.
There are many variations on the basic principle of stack operations. Every stack has a fixed location in memory at which it begins. As data items are added to the stack, the stack pointer is displaced to indicate the current extent of the stack, which expands away from the origin.
Stack pointers may point to the origin of a stack or to a limited range of addresses either above or below the origin (depending on the direction in which the stack grows); however, the stack pointer cannot cross the origin of the stack. In other words, if the origin of the stack is at address 1000 and the stack grows downwards (towards addresses 999, 998, and so on), the stack pointer must never be incremented beyond 1000 (to 1001, 1002, etc.). If a pop operation on the stack causes the stack pointer to move past the origin of the stack, a stack underflow occurs. If a push operation causes the stack pointer to increment or decrement beyond the maximum extent of the stack, a stack overflow occurs.
Some environments that rely heavily on stacks may provide additional operations, for example:
Duplicate: the top item is popped, and then pushed again (twice), so that an additional copy of the former top item is now on top, with the original below it.
Peek: the topmost item is inspected (or returned), but the stack pointer and stack size does not change (meaning the item remains on the stack). This is also called top operation in many articles.
Swap or exchange: the two topmost items on the stack exchange places.
Rotate (or Roll): the n topmost items are moved on the stack in a rotating fashion. For example, if n=3, items 1, 2, and 3 on the stack are moved to positions 2, 3, and 1 on the stack, respectively. Many variants of this operation are possible, with the most common being called left rotate and right rotate.
Stacks are often visualized growing from the bottom up (like real-world stacks). They may also be visualized growing from left to right, so that "topmost" becomes "rightmost", or even growing from top to bottom. The important feature is that the bottom of the stack is in a fixed position. The illustration in this section is an example of a top-to-bottom growth visualization: the top (28) is the stack "bottom", since the stack "top" is where items are pushed or popped from.
A right rotate will move the first element to the third position, the second to the first and the third to the second. Here are two equivalent visualizations of this process:
apple                         banana
banana    ===right rotate==>  cucumber
cucumber                      apple

cucumber                      apple
banana    ===left rotate==>   cucumber
apple                         banana

A stack is usually represented in computers by a block of memory cells, with the "bottom" at a fixed location, and the stack pointer holding the address of the current "top" cell in the stack. The top and bottom terminology are used irrespective of whether the stack actually grows towards lower memory addresses or towards higher memory addresses.
Pushing an item on to the stack adjusts the stack pointer by the size of the item (either decrementing or incrementing, depending on the direction in which the stack grows in memory), pointing it to the next cell, and copies the new top item to the stack area. Depending again on the exact implementation, at the end of a push operation, the stack pointer may point to the next unused location in the stack, or it may point to the topmost item in the stack. If the stack points to the current topmost item, the stack pointer will be updated before a new item is pushed onto the stack; if it points to the next available location in the stack, it will be updated after the new item is pushed onto the stack.
Popping the stack is simply the inverse of pushing. The topmost item in the stack is removed and the stack pointer is updated, in the opposite order of that used in the push operation.
Stack in main memory[edit]
Many CISC-type CPU designs, including the x86, Z80 and 6502, have a dedicated register for use as the call stack stack pointer with dedicated call, return, push, and pop instructions that implicitly update the dedicated register, thus increasing code density. Some CISC processors, like the PDP-11 and the 68000, also have special addressing modes for implementation of stacks, typically with a semi-dedicated stack pointer as well (such as A7 in the 68000). In contrast, most RISC CPU designs do not have dedicated stack instructions and therefore most if not all registers may be used as stack pointers as needed.
Stack in registers or dedicated memory[edit]
Main article: Stack machine
The x87 floating point architecture is an example of a set of registers organised as a stack where direct access to individual registers (relative the current top) is also possible. As with stack-based machines in general, having the top-of-stack as an implicit argument allows for a small machine code footprint with a good usage of bus bandwidth and code caches, but it also prevents some types of optimizations possible on processors permitting random access to the register file for all (two or three) operands. A stack structure also makes superscalar implementations with register renaming (for speculative execution) somewhat more complex to implement, although it is still feasible, as exemplified by modern x87 implementations.
Sun SPARC, AMD Am29000, and Intel i960 are all examples of architectures using register windows within a register-stack as another strategy to avoid the use of slow main memory for function arguments and return values.
There are also a number of small microprocessors that implements a stack directly in hardware and some microcontrollers have a fixed-depth stack that is not directly accessible. Examples are the PIC microcontrollers, the Computer Cowboys MuP21, the Harris RTX line, and the Novix NC4016. Many stack-based microprocessors were used to implement the programming language Forth at the microcode level. Stacks were also used as a basis of a number of mainframes and mini computers. Such machines were called stack machines, the most famous being the Burroughs B5000.
Applications of stacks[edit]
Expression evaluation and syntax parsing[edit]
Calculators employing reverse Polish notation use a stack structure to hold values. Expressions can be represented in prefix, postfix or infix notations and conversion from one form to another may be accomplished using a stack. Many compilers use a stack for parsing the syntax of expressions, program blocks etc. before translating into low level code. Most programming languages are context-free languages, allowing them to be parsed with stack based machines.
Backtracking[edit]
Main article: Backtracking
Another important application of stacks is backtracking. Consider a simple example of finding the correct path in a maze. There are a series of points, from the starting point to the destination. We start from one point. To reach the final destination, there are several paths. Suppose we choose a random path. After following a certain path, we realise that the path we have chosen is wrong. So we need to find a way by which we can return to the beginning of that path. This can be done with the use of stacks. With the help of stacks, we remember the point where we have reached. This is done by pushing that point into the stack. In case we end up on the wrong path, we can pop the last point from the stack and thus return to the last point and continue our quest to find the right path. This is called backtracking.
The prototypical example of a backtracking algorithm is depth-first search, which finds all vertices of a graph that can be reached from a specified starting vertex. Other applications of backtracking involve searching through spaces that represent potential solutions to an optimization problem. Branch and bound is a technique for performing such backtracking searches without exhaustively searching all of the potential solutions in such a space.
Compile time memory management[edit]
Main articles: Stack-based memory allocation and Stack machine
A number of programming languages are stack-oriented, meaning they define most basic operations (adding two numbers, printing a character) as taking their arguments from the stack, and placing any return values back on the stack. For example, PostScript has a return stack and an operand stack, and also has a graphics state stack and a dictionary stack. Many virtual machines are also stack-oriented, including the p-code machine and the Java Virtual Machine.
Almost all calling conventions—the ways in which subroutines receive their parameters and return results—use a special stack (the "call stack") to hold information about procedure/function calling and nesting in order to switch to the context of the called function and restore to the caller function when the calling finishes. The functions follow a runtime protocol between caller and callee to save arguments and return value on the stack. Stacks are an important way of supporting nested or recursive function calls. This type of stack is used implicitly by the compiler to support CALL and RETURN statements (or their equivalents) and is not manipulated directly by the programmer.
Some programming languages use the stack to store data that is local to a procedure. Space for local data items is allocated from the stack when the procedure is entered, and is deallocated when the procedure exits. The C programming language is typically implemented in this way. Using the same stack for both data and procedure calls has important security implications (see below) of which a programmer must be aware in order to avoid introducing serious security bugs into a program.
Efficient algorithms[edit]
Several algorithms use a stack (separate from the usual function call stack of most programming languages) as the principle data structure with which they organize their information. These include:
Graham scan, an algorithm for the convex hull of a two-dimensional system of points. A convex hull of a subset of the input is maintained in a stack, which is used to find and remove concavities in the boundary when a new point is added to the hull.[10]
Part of the SMAWK algorithm for finding the row minima of a monotone matrix uses stacks in a similar way to Graham scan.[11]
All nearest smaller values, the problem of finding, for each number in an array, the closest preceding number that is smaller than it. One algorithm for this problem uses a stack to maintain a collection of candidates for the nearest smaller value. For each position in the array, the stack is popped until a smaller value is found on its top, and then the value in the new position is pushed onto the stack.[12]
The nearest-neighbor chain algorithm, a method for agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on maintaining a stack of clusters, each of which is the nearest neighbor of its predecessor on the stack. When this method finds a pair of clusters that are mutual nearest neighbors, they are popped and merged.[13]
Security[edit]
Some computing environments use stacks in ways that may make them vulnerable to security breaches and attacks. Programmers working in such environments must take special care to avoid the pitfalls of these implementations.
For example, some programming languages use a common stack to store both data local to a called procedure and the linking information that allows the procedure to return to its caller. This means that the program moves data into and out of the same stack that contains critical return addresses for the procedure calls. If data is moved to the wrong location on the stack, or an oversized data item is moved to a stack location that is not large enough to contain it, return information for procedure calls may be corrupted, causing the program to fail.
Malicious parties may attempt a stack smashing attack that takes advantage of this type of implementation by providing oversized data input to a program that does not check the length of input. Such a program may copy the data in its entirety to a location on the stack, and in so doing it may change the return addresses for procedures that have called it. An attacker can experiment to find a specific type of data that can be provided to such a program such that the return address of the current procedure is reset to point to an area within the stack itself (and within the data provided by the attacker), which in turn contains instructions that carry out unauthorized operations.
This type of attack is a variation on the buffer overflow attack and is an extremely frequent source of security breaches in software, mainly because some of the most popular compilers use a shared stack for both data and procedure calls, and do not verify the length of data items. Frequently programmers do not write code to verify the size of data items, either, and when an oversized or undersized data item is copied to the stack, a security breach may occur.
See also[edit]
Computer programming portal
List of data structures
Queue
Double-ended queue
FIFO (computing and electronics)
Stack-based memory allocation
Stack overflow
Stack-oriented programming language
References[edit]
Jump up ^ By contrast, a simple QUEUE operates FIFO (first in, first out).
^ Jump up to: a b Cormen, Thomas H.; Leiserson, Charles E.; Rivest, Ronald L.; Stein, Clifford (2009) [1990]. Introduction to Algorithms (3rd ed.). MIT Press and McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-262-03384-4.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, B. E.; Doran, R. W. (January 1977). "The other Turing machine". The Computer Journal. 20 (3): 269–279. doi:10.1093/comjnl/20.3.269.
Jump up ^ Dr. Friedrich Ludwig Bauer and Dr. Klaus Samelson (30 March 1957). "Verfahren zur automatischen Verarbeitung von kodierten Daten und Rechenmaschine zur Ausübung des Verfahrens" (in German). Germany, Munich: Deutsches Patentamt. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
Jump up ^ IEEE-Computer-Pioneer-Preis -- Bauer, Friedrich L., Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Computer Science, (1 January 1989).
Jump up ^ C. L. Hamblin, "An Addressless Coding Scheme based on Mathematical Notation", N.S.W University of Technology, May 1957 (typescript)
Jump up ^ Ball, John A. (1978). Algorithms for RPN calculators (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-03070-8.
Jump up ^ Godse, A. P.; Godse, D. A. (2010-01-01). Computer Architecture. Technical Publications. pp. 1–56. ISBN 9788184315349. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
Jump up ^ Horowitz, Ellis: "Fundamentals of Data Structures in Pascal", page 67. Computer Science Press, 1984
Jump up ^ Graham, R.L. (1972). An Efficient Algorithm for Determining the Convex Hull of a Finite Planar Set. Information Processing Letters 1, 132-133
Jump up ^ Aggarwal, Alok; Klawe, Maria M.; Moran, Shlomo; Shor, Peter; Wilber, Robert (1987), "Geometric applications of a matrix-searching algorithm", Algorithmica, 2 (2): 195–208, doi:10.1007/BF01840359, MR 0895444 .
Jump up ^ Berkman, Omer; Schieber, Baruch; Vishkin, Uzi (1993), "Optimal doubly logarithmic parallel algorithms based on finding all nearest smaller values", Journal of Algorithms, 14 (3): 344–370, doi:10.1006/jagm.1993.1018 .
Jump up ^ Murtagh, Fionn (1983), "A survey of recent advances in hierarchical clustering algorithms" (PDF), The Computer Journal, 26 (4): 354–359, doi:10.1093/comjnl/26.4.354 .
This article incorporates public domain material from the NIST document: Black, Paul E. "Bounded stack". Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures.
Further reading[edit]
Donald Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms, Third Edition.Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89683-4. Section 2.2.1: Stacks, Queues, and Deques, pp. 238–243.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stack data structure.
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Data Structures/Stacks and Queues
Stack Machines - the new wave
Bounding stack depth
Stack Size Analysis for Interrupt-driven Programs (322 KB)
Stacks
[show]
v
t
e
Data structures
Types
Collection
Container
Abstract
Associative array
Multimap
List
Stack
Queue
Double-ended queue
Priority queue
Double-ended priority queue
Set
Multiset
Disjoint-set
Arrays
Bit array
Circular buffer
Dynamic array
Hash table
Hashed array tree
Sparse matrix
Linked
Association list
Linked list
Skip list
Unrolled linked list
XOR linked list
Trees
B-tree
Binary search tree
AA tree
AVL tree
Red–black tree
Self-balancing tree
Splay tree
Heap
Binary heap
Binomial heap
Fibonacci heap
R-tree
R* tree
R+ tree
Hilbert R-tree
Trie
Hash tree
Graphs
Binary decision diagram
Directed acyclic graph
Directed acyclic word graph
List of data structures
Authority control
GND: 4808341-0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stack_(abstract_data_type)&oldid=832832660"
Categories:
Abstract data types
Hidden categories:
CS1 German-language sources (de)
Pages using div col with deprecated parameters
Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Articles with example pseudocode
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Қазақша
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Shqip
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
42 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 March 2018, at 07:15.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/LIFO_(accounting)
mw-redirect
LIFO (accounting)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Stack_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Stack (disambiguation)

value: i

values:
/wiki/Collection_(computing)
mw-redirect
Collection (computing)

values:
/wiki/Linear_data_structure
mw-redirect
Linear data structure

values:
/wiki/Singly_linked_list
mw-redirect
Singly linked list

values:
/wiki/Alan_M._Turing
mw-redirect
Alan M. Turing

values:
/wiki/Technical_University_Munich
mw-redirect
Technical University Munich

values:
/wiki/Zero_offset
mw-redirect
Zero offset

values: Edit section: Stacks and programming languages

values:
monospaced
font-family: monospace, monospace;

values: Edit section: Basic architecture of a stack

values:
/wiki/Instruction_Set_Architecture
mw-redirect
Instruction Set Architecture

values: Special addressing modes for implementation of stacks

values: Edit section: Stack in registers or dedicated memory

values:
/wiki/Floating_point
mw-redirect
Floating point

values:
/wiki/Cache_memory
mw-redirect
Cache memory

values: Edit section: Expression evaluation and syntax parsing

values: Edit section: Compile time memory management

values:
/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machine
mw-redirect
Java Virtual Machine

values:
/wiki/Stack_smashing
mw-redirect
Stack smashing

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
/wiki/First_in,_first_out
mw-redirect
First in, first out

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fcomjnl%2F20.3.269

values:
/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons,_Inc.
mw-redirect
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01840359

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1006%2Fjagm.1993.1018

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fcomjnl%2F26.4.354

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Copyright status of work by the U.S. government

values: National Institute of Standards and Technology

values: Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures

values: wikibooks:Data Structures/Stacks and Queues

values: Deterministic acyclic finite state automaton

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4808341-0

values: Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)

values: Category:Pages using div col with deprecated parameters

values: Category:Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Articles with example pseudocode

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: مكدس (بنية بيانات) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values: Стэк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values: Стек (структура от данни) – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stek
Stek – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values: Memòria en pila (estructura de dades) – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Στοίβα (δομή δεδομένων) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: ढेर (सार जानकारी प्रकार) – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stog
Stog – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: מחסנית (מבנה נתונים) – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: സ്റ്റാക്ക് (ഡാറ്റാ സ്ട്രക്‌ച്ചർ) – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Stack (struktura e të dhënave) – Albanian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: Стек (апстрактни тип података) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pino
Pino – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: அடுக்கு (தரவுக் கட்டமைப்பு) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: กองซ้อน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Stack_abstract_data_type rootpage-Stack_abstract_data_type skin-vector action-view


text:
Essay of Dramatick Poesie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668. It was probably written during the plague year of 1666. Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie (1580) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of "poetry" comparable to the epic, as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French.
The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers: Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander. The four speakers represented, respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset), Sir Robert Howard [playwright and Dryden's brother-in-law], Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius) and Dryden himself (neander means "new man" and implies that Dryden, as a respected member of the gentry class, is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors). On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames, the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle. Rightly concluding, as the noise subsides, that the English have triumphed, they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization. They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern, focusing specifically on the art of drama (or "dramatic poesy"). The four men debate a series of three topics: (1) the relative merit of classical drama (upheld by Crites) vs. modern drama (championed by Eugenius); (2) whether French drama, as Lisideius maintains, is better than English drama (supported by Neander, who famously calls Shakespeare "the greatest soul, ancient or modern"); and (3) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama--a proposition that Neander, despite having defended the Elizabethans, now advances against the skeptical Crites (who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama). Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle's Poetics (as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century), the four speakers discuss what makes a play "a just and lively imitation" of human nature in action. This definition of a play, supplied by Lisideius/Orrery (whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama), gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone. To Crites' argument that the plots of classical drama are more "just," Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more "lively" thanks to their variety. Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle's unities of action, place, and time; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to, but that they preferred to develop character and motive. Even Neander's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle's Poetics: Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ("lively") imitation of nature, while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be "just" when it departs from ordinary speech--i.e. prose or blank verse. A year later, the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic. See Dryden's "Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy" (1669), where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature, not a surrogate for nature itself.
External links[edit]
Essay of Dramatic Poesy (1668 text, edited by Jack Lynch)
[hide]
v
t
e
Works by John Dryden
Essays
Essay of Dramatick Poesie (1668)
Translations
Fables, Ancient and Modern (1700)
Operas
Albion and Albanius (1685)
King Arthur (1691)
Poetry
Astraea Redux (1660)
Annus Mirabilis (1667)
Absalom and Achitophel (1681-82)
Mac Flecknoe (1682)
Religio Laici (1682)
Threnodia Augustalis (1685)
The Hind and the Panther (1687)
Alexander's Feast (1697)
Plays
The Wild Gallant (1663)
The Indian Emperour (1665)
The Tempest (1667)
Sir Martin Mar-all (1667)
An Evening's Love (1668)
Tyrannick Love (1669)
The Conquest of Granada (1670)
The Assignation (1672)
Marriage à la mode (1672)
Amboyna (1673)
The Mistaken Husband (1674)
Aureng-zebe (1675)
All for Love (1678)
Oedipus (1679)
Amphitryon (1691)
Related
Heroic couplet
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essay_of_Dramatick_Poesie&oldid=761443805"
Categories:
17th-century essays
1668 works
British essays
Essays about poetry
Works by John Dryden
Essays in literary theory
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
עברית
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 January 2017, at 01:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

attrs: href title

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Defence_of_Poesie
mw-redirect
Defence of Poesie

value: p

values: /wiki/Dryden mw-redirect Dryden

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Essay_of_Dramatick_Poesie
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: מסה על השירה הדרמטית – Hebrew

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Essay_of_Dramatick_Poesie rootpage-Essay_of_Dramatick_Poesie skin-vector action-view


text:
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening
DVD cover
Genre
Romance
Teen
Based on
The Blue Lagoon
by H. Devere Stacpoole
Screenplay by
Matt Heller
Heather Rutman
Directed by
Mikael Salomon
Jake Newsome
Starring
Indiana Evans
Brenton Thwaites
Denise Richards
Patrick St. Esprit
Frank John Hughes
Alix Elizabeth Gitter
Carrie Wampler
Hayley Kiyoko
Aimee Carrero
Annie Tedesco
Christopher Atkins
Music by
Tree Adams
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
Production
Executive producer(s)
Craig Zadan
Neil Meron
Judith Verno
Producer(s)
Kyle Clark
Nellie Nugiel
Cinematography
Denis Lenoir
Roy Wagner
Editor(s)
Josh Beal
Running time
89 minutes
Production company(s)
PeaceOut Productions
Silver Screen Pictures
Sony Pictures Television
Storyline Entertainment
Distributor
Sony Pictures Television
Release
Original network
Lifetime
Original release
June 16, 2012 (2012-06-16)
External links
Website
www.mylifetime.com/movies/blue-lagoon-the-awakening
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening is a 2012 American made-for-television film that premiered on Lifetime on June 16, 2012.[1] Indiana Evans and Brenton Thwaites star in the film, which is based on the novel The Blue Lagoon and its previous film adaptations. Christopher Atkins, the male lead of the 1980 film The Blue Lagoon, also appears in the film.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Emma and Dean are two high-school students on a class trip to Trinidad to build a school for less fortunate children and to explore the island. The two have little in common. During a boat party, Emma falls overboard when the party is interrupted by a police raid and Dean jumps into the water to save her. Dean then severs the rope attaching the dinghy to the party boat as he does not want to get into any more trouble than he already has. The pair drifts to a deserted island, avoiding dangerous rocks by using the one paddle in the dinghy. Back home, their parents have been alerted that the pair was last seen on the party boat and the parents desperately search for them. Wondering if they will ever be rescued, Emma and Dean must rely on each other to survive. Together they learn to build a fire, fish and find food. At first they are friends, but eventually their bond evolves into a romantic and intimate relationship. After being stranded for over 100 days, they are rescued by a tourist helicopter and taken back. They are met by family, friends and the media. Emma is thrust back into a more popular position in school while Dean, still somewhat of an outcast, still longs for her. Adjusting back to their everyday lives, their relationship becomes somewhat strained and distant. Emma attends the prom and Dean eventually decides to go as well after a little push by his father. At the prom, Emma spots Dean outside, watching her through the window as it is pouring rain on him. Emma goes out to meet him after encouragement from her best friend Lizzie. Emma and Dean kiss passionately and then dance together.
Cast[edit]
Indiana Evans as Emmaline "Emma" Robinson
Brenton Thwaites as Dean McMullen
Denise Richards as Barbara Robinson (Emma's mother)
Patrick St. Esprit as Jack McMullen (Dean's widowed father)
Frank John Hughes as Phil Robinson (Emma's father)
Alix Elizabeth Gitter as Lizzie (one of Emma's friends)
Carrie Wampler as Stacey Robinson (Emma's younger sister)
Hayley Kiyoko as Helen (one of Emma's friends)
Aimee Carrero as Jude (one of Emma's friends)
Annie Tedesco as Ms. Collier (one of the teachers on the trip)
Christopher Atkins as Mr. Christiansen (one of the teachers on the trip)
See also[edit]
Return to the Blue Lagoon
The Blue Lagoon (1923 film)
The Blue Lagoon (1949 film)
The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Harris, Will. "Blue Lagoon: The Awakening". The A.V. Club.
External links[edit]
Official website
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
The Blue Lagoon by Henry De Vere Stacpoole
Novels
The Blue Lagoon (1908)
The Garden of God (1923)
The Gates of Morning (1925)
Films
The Blue Lagoon (1923)
The Blue Lagoon (1949)
The Blue Lagoon (1980)
Pengantin Pantai Biru (1983)
Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991)
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Mikael Salomon
A Far Off Place (1993)
Hard Rain (1998)
Aftershock: Earthquake in New York (1999)
Sole Survivor (2000)
A Glimpse of Hell (2001)
Young Arthur (2002)
Benedict Arnold: A Question of Honor (2003)
Salem's Lot (2004)
The Company (2007)
The Andromeda Strain (2008)
Flirting with Forty (2008)
Natalee Holloway (2009)
Who Is Clark Rockefeller? (2010)
The Lost Future (2010)
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012)
Coma (2012)
Freezer (2014)
Big Driver (2014)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Eric Bross
Ten Benny (1995)
Restaurant (1998)
Stranger than Fiction (2000)
On the Line (2001)
Martha: Behind Bars (2005)
Vampire Bats (2005)
Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board (2007)
Vacancy 2: The First Cut (2008)
The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010)
Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Lagoon:_The_Awakening&oldid=814665120"
Categories:
2010s romance films
2012 television films
American films
American romantic drama films
American teen romance films
American television films
English-language films
Films about survivors of seafaring accidents or incidents
Films based on works by Henry De Vere Stacpoole
Films directed by Eric Bross
Films directed by Mikael Salomon
Films set in 2012
Films set on uninhabited islands
Lifetime (TV network) films
Hidden categories:
Pages using infobox television with editor parameter
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
Português
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 December 2017, at 04:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: li

value: ul

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2287663/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Films about survivors of seafaring accidents or incidents

values: Category:Films based on works by Henry De Vere Stacpoole

values: Category:Films directed by Mikael Salomon

values: Category:Films set on uninhabited islands

values: Category:Pages using infobox television with editor parameter

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Blue_Lagoon:_The_Awakening
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Blue Lagoon: Rettungslos verliebt – German

values: Голубая лагуна (фильм, 2012) – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Blue_Lagoon_The_Awakening rootpage-Blue_Lagoon_The_Awakening skin-vector action-view


text:
The Prince and Me 4: The Elephant Adventure
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Prince and Me: The Elephant Adventure
DVD cover
Directed by
Catherine Cyran
Produced by
Frank DeMartini
Tom Waller
Screenplay by
Blayne Weaver
Story by
Boaz Davidson
Starring
Kam Heskin
Chris Geere
Jonathan Firth
Selina Lo
Music by
Andrew Gross
Cinematography
Picha Srisansanee
Edited by
Irit Raz
Production
company
Sobini Films
Distributed by
Nu Image
Release date
February 15, 2010 (2010-02-15) (United Kingdom)
March 23, 2010 (2010-03-23) (United States)
Running time
93 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
The Prince and Me: The Elephant Adventure (also known as The Prince & Me 4 and renamed The Prince & Me 4: Royal Adventures in Paradise when shown on television) is a 2010 romantic comedy film directed by Catherine Cyran, which was released direct-to-video. It is a sequel to The Prince and Me 3: A Royal Honeymoon.
Plot[edit]
One year after their royal wedding, King Edvard and Queen Dr. Paige Morgan of Denmark received an invitation to attend the wedding of Princess Myra of Sangyoon. Upon their arrival, Paige finds Myra is unhappy with her arranged marriage to the brooding and sinister Kah and is secretly in love with a young elephant handler named Alu. When the secret romance between Myra and Alu is revealed, Alu is thrown into jail, and the sacred wedding elephant goes missing in the jungle. To save Princess Myra, Paige and Eddie must find the elephant and free Alu before convincing the king of Sangyoon that true love reigns supreme over all.
Cast[edit]
Kam Heskin as Queen Paige
Chris Geere as King Edvard
Jonathan Firth as Soren
Selina Lo as Rayen
Ase Wang as Princess Myra
David Bueno as Soldier No.3
Prinya Intachai as Kah
Frank DeMartini as Drummer – Closing Credits
Joe Cummings as Violist
Vithaya Pansringarm as King Saryu
Leigh Barwell as Nurse
David Allen Jones as Guitar Player – Closing Credits
Amarin Cholvibul as Alu
Felix John Fraser as Secret Agent 2
John Dang as Singer – Closing Credits
Charlie Ruedpokanon as Soldier #2
Peter Mossman as Secret Service Agent #1
Emma Dortsch as Little Girl
External links[edit]
The Prince and Me 4: The Elephant Adventure on IMDb

This article about a 2010s romantic comedy film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Prince_and_Me_4:_The_Elephant_Adventure&oldid=793737769"
Categories:
2010 films
English-language films
2010s romantic comedy films
Monarchy in fiction
The Prince and Me films
American romantic comedy films
American films
Direct-to-video sequel films
Films shot in Thailand
Icon Productions films
2010s romantic comedy film stubs
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from September 2010
All articles lacking sources
All stub articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Polski
Edit links
This page was last edited on 3 August 2017, at 16:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1340161/
external text

values: position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;

values:
metadata plainlinks stub
presentation
background:transparent

values: Category:2010s romantic comedy film stubs

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from September 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: The Prince and Me 4: The Elephant Adventure – Spanish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Prince_and_Me_4_The_Elephant_Adventure rootpage-The_Prince_and_Me_4_The_Elephant_Adventure vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim
First edition cover
Author
David Sedaris
Cover artist
Jacket design by Chip Kidd
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Essay collection
Publisher
Little, Brown and Company
Publication date
June 1, 2004
Media type
Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
Pages
272 (hardcover)
ISBN
0-316-14346-4 (first edition, hardcover)
OCLC
53138732
Dewey Decimal
814/.54 22
LC Class
PS3569.E314 R47 2004
Preceded by
Me Talk Pretty One Day
Followed by
When You Are Engulfed in Flames
Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim is a 2004 collection of 22 autobiographical essays by American humorist David Sedaris. The essays address the author's upbringing in Raleigh, North Carolina, his relationships with family members, and his work and life in New York City and France.
Essays[edit]
"Us and Them" - childhood memories of a family "who don't believe in TV"
"Let It Snow" - the day when Sedaris's mother locked her children out in the snow
"The Ship Shape" - childhood memories of the second home that his father never bought
"Full House" - a childhood game of strip poker gives the young Sedaris a touching moment
"Consider the Stars" - reflecting on the cool kid at school
"Monie Changes Everything" - Sedaris' rich aunt
"The Change in Me" - the 13-year-old Sedaris wants to act like a hippie
"Hejira" - Sedaris' father kicks him out of his house due to his homosexuality
"Slumus Lordicus" - Sedaris' father's experiences as a landlord of a section 8 apartment complex in the early 80s.
"The Girl Next Door" - Sedaris' relationship with a girl from a troubled family
"Blood Work" - a case of mistaken identity while cleaning houses
"The End of the Affair" - Sedaris and Hugh's different reactions to a love story
"Repeat After Me" - Sedaris' visit to his sister Lisa, and his family's feelings about being the subject of his essays
"Six to Eight Black Men" - thoughts about the traditional Dutch Christmas story, among other cultural oddities
"Rooster at the Hitchin' Post" - Sedaris' younger brother is born and gets married
"Possession" - searching for a new apartment, and Anne Frank's house
"Put a Lid on It" - a visit to Sedaris' sister Tiffany's home, and their relationship
"A Can of Worms" - Sedaris's mind wanders as he, Hugh, and a friend eat at a diner
"Chicken in the Henhouse" - prejudiced attitudes towards homosexuals in America
"Who's the Chef?" - bickering between two people in a long-term relationship
"Baby Einstein" - the arrival of his brother's first baby
"Nuit of the Living Dead" - a late night encounter at home in rural France
Title origin[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
At a public appearance in Cleveland, Ohio on October 12, 2010, Sedaris explained said when he was under a deadline for a title and was getting a little desperate, his boyfriend Hugh had a dream in which he saw someone reading a book entitled, in French, Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim. Sedaris then knew that he had his title, even though it had nothing to do with the contents of his own book.
Audiobook[edit]
The book was released on audio CD, with Sedaris reading, from Time Warner Audiobooks.

hide
v
t
e
Works by David Sedaris
Essay collections
Barrel Fever and Other Stories (1994)
Naked (1997)
Holidays on Ice (1997)
Me Talk Pretty One Day (2000)
Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim (2004)
When You Are Engulfed in Flames (2008)
Let's Explore Diabetes with Owls (2013)
Calypso (2018)
Other collections
Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk: A Modest Bestiary (2010)
Theft by Finding: Diaries (1977–2002) (2017)
As contributing writer
Exit 57 (1995)
This American Life (1995)
Category
Wikiquote
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dress_Your_Family_in_Corduroy_and_Denim&oldid=866155742"
Categories:
2004 books
Works by David Sedaris
Lambda Literary Award-winning works
Little, Brown and Company books
Books with cover art by Chip Kidd
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from January 2013
All articles lacking sources
Pages to import images to Wikidata
Articles needing additional references from April 2012
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 28 October 2018, at 17:05 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53138732

values:
/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Cleveland, Ohio

values:
/wiki/Time_Warner
mw-redirect
Time Warner

values:
col
navbox-title
2
background-color: #def

values:
row
navbox-group
background-color: #def;width:1%

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background-color: #def

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Lambda Literary Award-winning works

values: Category:Little, Brown and Company books

values: Category:Books with cover art by Chip Kidd

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from January 2013

values: Category:Pages to import images to Wikidata

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2012

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dress_Your_Family_in_Corduroy_and_Denim rootpage-Dress_Your_Family_in_Corduroy_and_Denim skin-vector action-view


text:
American Made (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
American Made
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Doug Liman
Produced by
Brian Grazer
Brian Oliver
Tyler Thompson
Doug Davison
Kim Roth
Written by
Gary Spinelli
Starring
Tom Cruise
Music by
Christophe Beck
Cinematography
César Charlone
Edited by
Saar Klein
Andrew Mondshein
Dylan Tichenor
Production
company
Cross Creek Pictures
Imagine Entertainment
Quadrant Pictures
Vendian Entertainment
Kylin Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
August 23, 2017 (2017-08-23) (Europe)
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29) (United States)
Running time
115 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$50 million[2]
Box office
$100.3 million[2]
American Made is a 2017 American biographical crime film directed by Doug Liman, written by Gary Spinelli and starring Tom Cruise, Domhnall Gleeson, Sarah Wright, Alejandro Edda, Mauricio Mejía, Caleb Landry Jones and Jesse Plemons.[3] The plot focuses on Barry Seal, a former TWA pilot who became a drug smuggler for the Medellín Cartel in the 1980s.[4] In order to avoid jail time, Seal approached United States government officials and served as an informant for the DEA.[4]
The film was first released in Europe on August 23, 2017, and then in the United States on September 29, 2017. It is the first film directed by Liman to be released by Universal Pictures since The Bourne Identity in 2002, and was played in 2D and IMAX in select theaters.[5] It has grossed $100 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Cruise's performance.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
3.2 Plane crash
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
5 Historical accuracy
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In the late 1970s, Barry Seal, a pilot for commercial airline TWA, is contacted by CIA case officer Monty Schafer. He asks Seal to fly clandestine reconnaissance missions for the CIA over Central America using a small plane with cameras installed.
Later in the 1970s, Schafer asks Seal to start acting as a courier between the CIA and General Noriega in Panama. During a mission, the Medellín Cartel picks Seal up and asks him to fly cocaine on his return flights to the USA. Seal accepts and starts flying the cartel’s cocaine to Louisiana. The CIA turns a blind eye to the drug smuggling, but the DEA tracks Seal down. To avoid the authorities, Schafer moves Seal and his family to a remote town in Arkansas called Mena.
Later, Schafer asks Seal to run guns to the Nicaraguan Contras based in Honduras, Central America. Seal soon realizes that the Contras are not serious about the war and starts trading the guns to the cartel. The CIA set up a Contra training base in Mena and Seal flies the Contras in, but many of them escape as soon as they arrive.
Lucy's freeloading brother JB moves in, needing a job from Barry. Eventually, he starts stealing money from the Seals and is caught by Sheriff Downing with a briefcase full of laundered cash and is arrested. Barry gives him money and a plane ticket to Bora Bora so he can leave. JB demands weekly cash and insults Lucy. Barry tries to chase him but JB's car explodes; it is implied Jorge Ochoa had JB's car rigged with explosives, killing him so that he would not snitch.
Eventually, the CIA shuts the program down and abandons Seal to be arrested by the FBI, DEA and other law enforcement agencies. Seal escapes prosecution by making a deal with the White House, which wants evidence the Sandinistas are drug traffickers. They ask Seal to get photos that tie the Medelin Cartel to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas. Seal manages to get the pictures, but the White House releases them as propaganda against the Sandinistas. Seal is prominently shown in the pictures, which leads to his arrest, and to the cartel plotting revenge.
Seal is convicted but given a light sentence, 1,000 hours community service for the Salvation Army. Eventually, after moving from motel to motel each night, assassins sent by Pablo Escobar and the Cartel locate Seal and kill him; the CIA then seizes all the evidence to avoid being implicated in drug smuggling. The CIA subsequently begins the Iran–Contra affair.
Cast[edit]
Tom Cruise as Barry Seal
Sarah Wright as Lucy Seal
Domhnall Gleeson as Monty Schafer
Alejandro Edda as Jorge Ochoa
Mauicio Mejia as Pablo Escobar
Jayma Mays as Dana Sibota
Jesse Plemons as Sheriff Downing
Lola Kirke as Judy Downing
Frank Licari as ATF Special Agent Franks
Jed Rees as Louis Finkle
Caleb Landry Jones as JB
Connor Trinneer as George W. Bush
Robert P. Farrior as Oliver North
Production[edit]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on May 27, 2015 in Georgia.[7] Filming locations include counties Cherokee, Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton, Gwinnett, Morgan and Pickens.[7] On August 20, 2015, Tom Cruise arrived in Medellin, Colombia, and on August 31 arrived in Santa Marta[8] to scout for filming locations for the film.[9]
Plane crash[edit]
A plane crash on the set of the film in Colombia on September 11, 2015 killed two people and caused serious injuries to another member of the crew. The plane (a twin-engine Aerostar), which was carrying crew members (three American pilots), was returning to Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín when it ran into bad weather and the crash occurred.[10] The dead were later identified as Carlos Berl and Alan Purwin, who was the founder and president of Helinet Aviation, a company which provides aerial surveillance technology to government agencies and law enforcement, and a film pilot who had worked in top films. American pilot Jimmy Lee Garland was seriously injured and rushed to a local hospital.[11][12]
Release[edit]
In May 2015, Universal set the film for a January 6, 2017 release.[13] On August 8, 2016, the film's release was pushed to September 29, 2017, and also received its final title, American Made, having been known prior as Mena.[14] It was released in Europe on August 23, 2017, and on September 29, 2017 in the US.[15]
Box office[edit]
As of October 8, 2017[update], American Made has grossed $30.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $68.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $98.5 million, against a production budget of $50 million.[2]
In North America, American Made was released alongside Flatliners and 'Til Death Do Us Part, as well as the wide expansion of Battle of the Sexes, and was projected to gross $12–15 million from 3,023 theaters in its opening weekend.[16] It made $960,000 from Thursday night previews, the lowest total by a Cruise-led film in recent years, and $6.1 million on its first day. Initially, studio estimates had the film opening to $17 million, finishing third at the box office behind holdovers It ($17.3 million) and Kingsman: The Golden Circle ($17 million). However the following day, actual results had the film debuting to $16.8 million, with Kingsman beating out It by a gross of $16.93 million to $16.90 million. 91% of its opening weekend audience was over the age of 25.[17] In its second weekend the film made $8.1 million (a drop of 51%), finishing 6th.[18]
The film was released in 21 countries on August 25, 2017 and grossed a total of $6.1 million over the weekend. It finished number one in 11 of the territories, including the UK where it replaced five-time champ Dunkirk.[19]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 87% based on 197 reviews, and an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "American Made's fast-and-loose attitude with its real-life story mirrors the cavalier – and delightfully watchable – energy Tom Cruise gives off in the leading role."[20] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 65 out of 100, based 50 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[21] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[17]
Historical accuracy[edit]
Despite the film's suggestion that he was recruited by the CIA while working for TWA, Seal claimed in his court testimony that he had started running covert operations for various government agencies as early as the late 1950s,[22] while he was a member of the Civil Air Patrol in New Orleans,[22] well before he became a TWA pilot.[22] He also stated in his testimony that he started his career in US covert operations by doing things like flying guns for the CIA to revolution fighters in Cuba in the late 1950s and flying operations for U.S. Army Special Forces in Laos just prior to the Vietnam War.[22] His biography Smuggler's End: The Life and Death of Barry Seal noted that Seal was fired from TWA in 1974 for falsely citing medical leave when he was actually off trafficking weapons[22] and that he had also been arrested in 1972 by the U.S. Customs Service for trying to fly 1,350 pounds of plastic explosives to anti-Castro Cubans via Mexico.[22] Monty Schafer was a fictional character,[22] was not based on a real-life CIA agent,[22] and was merely a representation of Seal's CIA contacts.[22] Seal's connections with cartel bosses were also not direct when he was running his drug operations[22] and he didn't meet Pablo Escobar and the Ochoa brothers in person until 1984,[22] when he was working as an informant for the DEA on an undercover operation following his arrest.[22]
His third wife Deborah, whom Lucy was loosely based on,[22] stated that Seal started his drug smuggling business in 1975,[22] not 1980 like the film suggests,[22] and that it originally was centered around marijuana before it involved cocaine.[22] Seal's DEA record also noted that he expanded to smuggling cocaine in 1978[22] and claimed that he was smuggling marijuana as early as 1976.[22] Seal's ties to the Medellín Cartel also did not begin after being kidnapped while refueling his plane in Colombia,[22] but when he met a smuggler who flew for cartel operative Jorge Ochoa during a flight home from Honduras,[22] where he served nine months in a local jail after being caught smuggling drugs in 1979.[22] Deborah is also a brunette and not a blonde like Lucy.[22]
When asked if the film was a biopic, director Doug Liman said "You know, we're not making a biopic. Tom Cruise doesn't look like Barry Seal. His character is inspired by the stories we learned about Barry."[22] It has been noted the real Seal was not of Tom Cruise's 5-foot-7 frame and was an obese man who reportedly weighed 300 pounds.[23] Liman has also acknowledged that the film's zero-gravity love scene was his idea and that he got the inspiration for it after he and Cruise collided in the cockpit while filming a flight scene.[22]
Seal was also unapologetic about his weapons and drug smuggling operations,[23] even stating once in a TV interview "Whether you call it soldier of fortune or what, it's a way of life for me. I enjoy it and I'm going to keep doing it."[23] He also never crash landed into a suburban neighborhood.[22] Liman described the film as "a fun lie based on a true story."[23]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AMERICAN MADE". 20th Century Fox. British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "American Made (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sedighzadeh, Kazem. "Tom Cruise Adds ‘Mena’ to Busy Filming Schedule!". Masterherald.com. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Loughrey, Clarisse (August 24, 2017). "Barry Seal: The real-life story behind Tom Cruise's character in American Made; Doug Liman’s new film follows the wild true story of a pilot, drug smuggler, and eventual informant". The Independent. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Made". www.imax.com. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
Jump up ^ Giles, Jeff (September 28, 2017). "American Made is Certified Fresh". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Universal Starts Production on Doug Liman’s Mena, Starring Tom Cruise". comingsoon.net. May 29, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tom Cruise llega a Santa Marta para grabar escenas de su película.". RCN Radio. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Casa Editorial El Tiempo. "Tom Cruise en Colombia: nueva película - Barranquilla - ELTIEMPO.COM". El Tiempo. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ A. Lincoln, Ross (September 11, 2015). "Fatal Plane Crash Claims 2 Lives On Set Of Tom Cruise Film ‘Mena’". deadline.com. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brumfield, Ben; Williams, Alima (September 12, 2015). "Tom Cruise movie crew members in plane crash that kills 2 in Colombia". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cowden, Catarina. "Deadly Plane Crash Occurs On Set Of Tom Cruise Film Mena". cinemablend.com. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (May 27, 2015). "Universal Sets Tom Cruise-Doug Liman ‘Mena’ Flight Plan For January 2017". deadline.com. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (April 21, 2016). "‘American Made’: Universal Moves Tom Cruise-Doug Liman Film Up One Week – Update". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Deauville Film Festival Unveils Lineup, Doug Liman’s ‘American Made’ Set to Open Festival". Variety. August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan Faughnder (September 27, 2017). "'It' drives record September box office with Tom Cruise's 'American Made' ready to battle 'Kingsman'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "‘Kingsman’ Edges Out ‘It’ In Fierce Three-Way B.O. Tie; Early AM Figures Have ‘American Made’ In 3rd". Deadline.com. October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Blade Runner 2049’ Dulls -11% On Saturday; Weekend Opening Now At $31M+: Sunday Postmortem". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Valerian’ Tops China; ‘Wonder Woman’ Hits $400M Overseas – International Box Office". Deadline.com. August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Made (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Made reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/american-made/
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.nola.com/movies/index.ssf/2017/09/american_made_movie_review_fac.html
External links[edit]
Official website
American Made on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Doug Liman
Getting In (1994)
Swingers (1996)
Go (1999)
The Bourne Identity (2002)
Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005)
Jumper (2008)
Fair Game (2010)
Edge of Tomorrow (2014)
The Wall (2017)
American Made (2017)
Chaos Walking (2019)
[show]
v
t
e
Brian Grazer
Films produced
Night Shift
Splash
Real Genius
Spies Like Us
Armed and Dangerous
Like Father Like Son
Parenthood
Kindergarten Cop
Closet Land
My Girl
Far and Away
Housesitter
Boomerang
For Love or Money
My Girl 2
Greedy
The Paper
The Cowboy Way
Apollo 13
Sgt. Bilko
Fear
The Nutty Professor
The Chamber
Ransom
Liar Liar
Inventing the Abbotts
Mercury Rising
Psycho
Edtv
Life
Bowfinger
Beyond the Mat
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps
How the Grinch Stole Christmas
A Beautiful Mind
Undercover Brother
Blue Crush
8 Mile
Intolerable Cruelty
The Cat in the Hat
The Missing
Friday Night Lights
Inside Deep Throat
Cinderella Man
Flightplan
Fun with Dick and Jane
Inside Man
The Da Vinci Code
American Gangster
Changeling
Frost/Nixon
Angels & Demons
Robin Hood
The Dilemma
Restless
Cowboys & Aliens
J. Edgar
Tower Heist
Katy Perry: Part of Me
Rush
In the Heart of the Sea
Inferno
Lowriders
American Made
TV series created
Shadow Chasers
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Made_(film)&oldid=804840365"
Categories:
2017 films
English-language films
2010s comedy films
2010s thriller films
American aviation films
American black comedy films
American crime films
American comedy films
American films
Cross Creek Pictures films
Films about the illegal drug trade
Films directed by Doug Liman
Films produced by Brian Grazer
Films produced by Ron Howard
Films produced by Brian Oliver
Films set in Colombia
Films shot in Atlanta
Imagine Entertainment films
Universal Pictures films
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from July 2017
Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2017
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Basa Jawa
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Русский
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 October 2017, at 13:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: scope style

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Jorge_Ochoa_Vasquez
mw-redirect
Jorge Ochoa Vasquez

values:
/wiki/Salvation_Army
mw-redirect
Salvation Army

values: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

values:
/wiki/Enrique_Olaya_Herrera_Airport
mw-redirect
Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport

values:
plainlinks noprint asof-tag update
display:none;

values:
nofollow
http://www.americanmademovie.net/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3532216/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

values: Category:Films about the illegal drug trade

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2017

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/American_Made_(film)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: مينا (فيلم) – Arabic

values: ساخت آمریکا (فیلم) – Persian

values: 아메리칸 메이드 – Korean

values: Barry Seal - Una storia americana – Italian

values: バリー・シール/アメリカをはめた男 – Japanese

values: Сделано в Америке (фильм, 2017) – Russian

values: Баррі Сіл: Король контрабанди – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-American_Made_film rootpage-American_Made_film vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view