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Phryne Fisher
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Phryne Fisher
Phryne Fisher mysteries character
First appearance
Cocaine Blues
Created by
Kerry Greenwood
Portrayed by
Essie Davis
Information
Gender
Female
Title
The Honourable
Family
Henry George Fisher, The Baron of Richmond (father) - In TV series only
Jane Fisher (sister, deceased) - In TV series only
Children
Jane Fisher (daughter, adopted)
Ruth Fisher (daughter, adopted)
Relatives
Prudence Stanley (aunt)
Religion
Church of England
Official website
http://www.phrynefisher.com/
Phryne Fisher (/ˈfraɪni/ FRY-nee), often called "Miss Fisher", is the main character in Australian author Kerry Greenwood's series of Phryne Fisher detective novels. Phryne is a wealthy aristocrat and private detective who lives in St Kilda, Melbourne, in the late 1920s. With the assistance of her maid Dot, and Bert and Cec (who are wharfies, taxi drivers and red raggers, (Australian slang of that period meaning communists)[1][2], she solves all manner of crimes as a quintessentially Australian construction.[3] Phryne is no ordinary aristocrat, as she can fly a plane, drives her own car (a Hispano-Suiza) and sometimes wears trousers. However, while displaying bohemian panache, she manages also to maintain style and class.[4]
Phryne was accidentally named after a famous Greek courtesan who lived in the 4th century BC. At her christening, her father forgot the classical name, Psyche, that her parents had intended for her.[5]
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life
1.2 Move to Australia and career as a detective
2 Character and appearance
2.1 Appearance
2.2 Character and skills
2.3 Relationships
2.4 Family
3 Main and recurring characters
3.1 Dorothy 'Dot' Williams
3.2 Bert (Albert Johnson) and Cec (Cecil Yates)
3.3 Jane (née Graham) and Ruth (née Collins) Fisher
3.4 Hugh Collins
3.5 Mr Tobias Butler and Mrs Aurelia Butler
3.6 Dr. Elizabeth Macmillan
3.7 Jillian Henderson
3.8 Detective Inspector John 'Jack' Robinson
3.9 Police Constable Jones
4 Secondary characters
5 Books
6 Television
7 Feature Film
8 Bibliography
9 References
10 External links
Biography[edit]
Early life[edit]
Phryne is described in the first of Kerry Greenwood's books, Cocaine Blues as being named after the courtesan Phryne, after her father forgot her chosen name of Psyche at the christening.[5]
Phryne was not always rich, having been born into a poor family in Collingwood, Melbourne. Her childhood was one of deep poverty, and she occasionally had to scavenge for food in the pig-bins in Victoria Market, and often ate rabbit and cabbage because there was no other food available.[5] In Cocaine Blues, she tells her maidservant and secretary Dot that during her youth she "starved like Billy-o" and that her sister died of diphtheria and starvation.[5]
In World War I, the other male heirs to a British peerage were killed, and Phryne's father inherited the title. The title is ambiguous in the book series, but in the TV series her father is a baron. As his daughter, she was granted the style of "The Honourable Phryne Fisher" and an enormous fortune. She has an aunt, Mrs. Prudence Stanley.
After completing school, Phryne ran away to France where she joined a French women's ambulance unit during WWI, receiving a reward for bravery and a French war pension. She then worked as an artist's model in Montparnasse after the war.[6] Following her time in France, Phryne travelled widely, and has disclosed that she has, amongst other places, visited Florence and spent a night in a Turkish prison (for unknown reasons).[6]
Move to Australia and career as a detective[edit]
Phyrne Fisher's career as a detective is described in Cocaine Blues as having had its origins in an incident that took place at her family's estate in England. At an evening ball, a diamond necklace belonging to one of the guests disappeared, and Phryne was able, through observing the guests and the room, to quickly identify the person responsible for the theft as Bobby, a young cricket-playing aristocrat.
Impressed by her skills, another guest at the party, a retired Colonel Harper and his wife, Mrs. Harper, engaged Phryne to travel to Australia, her country of birth, and find out if his daughter, Lydia Andrews, was being treated well by her husband, John Andrews.[5] This set in motion the events described in the first of Kerry Greenwood's books on Phryne Fisher, Cocaine Blues. Phryne's motivation to take up private detection as a career is rooted, at least initially, in boredom with the activities of high society in England. Although she did previously engage in charitable works, Phryne noted that "the company of the Charitable Ladies was not good for her temper."[5]
In Flying Too High, Phryne Fisher decides to settle down in Melbourne, buying a house at 221B, The Esplanade, and moving in there with Dot Williams, her maid. She also engages Mr. and Mrs. Butler to act as her butler and housekeeper, respectively. Phryne confesses to her friend Bunji Ross that she bought the house because it was numbered 221 and that she added 'B' in an obvious reference to the home of Sherlock Holmes at 221B Baker Street.[6]
Through the course of the books, Phryne collects a personal maid, Dot; two adoptive daughters, Ruth and Jane (whom she rescued from slavery); a cat, Ember; a dog, Molly; and two loyal servants, the Butlers. She also has relationships with a string of lovers, most notably Lin Chung, a wealthy Chinese man (whom she rescues in the city one evening). Lin is the only lover with whom she maintains a relationship for more than a few books and even goes so far as to make a deal with his autocratic and overbearing grandmother that after he is married, she (Phryne) be allowed to continue a relationship with him.[7]
Character and appearance[edit]
Appearance[edit]
Phryne is described in Cocaine Blues as having a 'short black cap of hair' which is very straight, and cut to leave the nape of her neck and most of her forehead uncovered. She has grey-green eyes. In Flying Too High, she is described by an acquaintance as being 'small, thin, with black hair cut in what I am told is a bob, disconcerting grey-green eyes and porcelain skin. Looks like a Dutch doll." – a description that Phryne herself agrees with.[6]
Character and skills[edit]
Phryne can shoot, and frequently carries, and uses, a lady's handgun in her purse. She is frequently described as being possessed of great courage and fearlessness, and personally admits to having very few actual fears (one of them being head-lice, which she abhors).[5] She rarely cries, noting in Cocaine Blues that the last time she had done so was over a book of poetry by Wilfred Owen, after being sickened by the deaths in World War I.[5]
Phryne is a skilled and experienced pilot, and in Flying Too High, performs a number of dangerous and skilful flying maneouvres in a Gipsy Moth plane in response to a flying instructor's doubts about her skills.[6] She has also flown Dr. Elizabeth Macmillan, her friend and a surgeon, through dangerous conditions to provide medical assistance to those who needed it.[5] In addition to planes, Phryne is a skilled, if somewhat reckless driver, and drives a red Hispano-Suiza, one of her prized possessions.[5]
She is fond of dancing and has learned to dance the tango from 'the most expensive gigolo on the Rue de Chat-qui-Peche' in Paris.[5] She speaks French fluently, with a Parisian accent and peppered with 'indelicate apache idioms'.[5]
Phryne is described as being fond of the luxuries her position and wealth afford her, while always being conscious of her impoverished origins. She tells the Princess de Grasse in Cocaine Blues that "there is nothing like being really poor to make you relish being really wealthy."[5] She often carries cash on her person, reasoning that she is unused enough to wealth to want the security of having readily available funds.[5] She is generous with her money, and tips well.
Phryne is frequently described as dressing in high fashion and her clothes are often described in great and elaborate detail. She occasionally dresses in trousers and men's shirts. Phryne also enjoys good food. She is 'devoted' to lobster mayonnaise with cucumbers, in particular.[5] Despite her numerous relationships and conduct that some parts of society might find shocking, Phryne describes herself as being immune to blackmail, showing no alarm, for instance, when Bobby Matthews, a thief she had once caught, threatens to tell all of Melbourne that she had once visited an expensive gigolo in Paris.[5]
Relationships[edit]
Although Phryne has had several relationships with men, she is described as being disinclined to settle down and marry. She is described in her books as using a diaphragm sold by Dr. Marie Stopes to avoid unwanted pregnancies. She is described as being heterosexual, and often politely rebuffs advances from women who are attracted to her.
In Cocaine Blues, for instance she is the subject of the attentions of both Sasha De Lisse and his twin sister Ellie, but tells Sasha that she would prefer him over her, in general. She also declines an unstated offer from a woman attending to her at the Turkish Baths in Melbourne, and notes that she had visited several bars frequented by lesbian and bisexual women in the company of her friend and gigolo, Georges Santin, in Paris.[5] Phryne notes that she "had little leaning towards homosexuality but she had liked the lesbian bars. They were free of the domination of men, creating their own society."[5]
Family[edit]
Phryne's relationship with her family can occasionally be strained. In Cocaine Blues, after a theft of jewelry belonging to a guest at a dinner party hosted by the Fishers, Phryne's father and mother engage in a vocal altercation, a situation that Phryne describes as 'normal'.[5] On her arrival in Melbourne, she is initially embarrassed to discover that her father had left a number of unpaid debts of honour there, including one to the local MP, Mr. Sanderson.[5]
Phryne once describes herself as having 'not the faintest spurt of maternity' and demonstrates a disinclination towards young children.[5]
Main and recurring characters[edit]
Dorothy 'Dot' Williams[edit]
Dorothy Williams, known as 'Dot' is Phryne's confidential maid and social secretary. Phryne meets Dot soon after her arrival in Melbourne, while taking a walk through the city. Dot, possessed of a knife, had been trying to find and kill her former employer's son, who had repeatedly harassed and molested her and had her fired when she resisted his advances. Phryne convinces Dot to hand over the knife and gives her food to eat, and then secures Dot's revenge by using the knife to surreptitiously cut through her persecutor's braces, thus disrobing and publicly embarrassing him. Phryne then offers Dot a job as her personal maid and secretary, which Dot accepts.[5] Dot is described as being a very devout Catholic and is very neat with a particular talent for delicate mending and sewing work. She is close to her family and her mother, in particularly, whom she visits frequently.
Bert (Albert Johnson) and Cec (Cecil Yates)[edit]
Cecil Yates, known as 'Cec' and Albert Johnson, known as 'Bert' together run and operate a taxi cab in Melbourne, Australia. Phryne Fisher first meets them when her ship docks at Melbourne, and they transport her luggage as well as Dr. Elizabeth Macmillan's to their respective hotels. Cec is described as being tall and blonde-haired, with brown eyes and a taciturn, quiet manner. Bert, on the other hand, is short, darker and older than Cec, as well as more voluble. Cec and Bert are both described as 'red-raggers' i.e. Communists.[5] Cec, in particular, is a gifted navigator with a keen memory for the streets of Melbourne, and is also described as having a soft spot for any animal or person in trouble. Cec and Bert eventually join Phryne as investigative assistants. Phryne Fisher pays them enough money to enable them to buy a new taxi to replace their old one.[6]
Jane (née Graham) and Ruth (née Collins) Fisher[edit]
Phryne's adopted daughters.
Hugh Collins[edit]
One of Jack's policemen and Dot's husband-to-be.
Mr Tobias Butler and Mrs Aurelia Butler[edit]
Phryne's butler and cook. Mr and Mrs. Butler initially planned to retire after working for a long period of time, but were persuaded out of retirement by Phryne Fisher's generous offer of employment as well as her request that they maintain the confidentiality of her work as a private detective. In Flying Too High, they are known by the names 'Ted' and 'Else'[6]
Dr. Elizabeth Macmillan[edit]
Dr. Elizabeth Macmillan is a Scottish surgeon who works at the Queen Victoria Hospital for Women in Melbourne, Australia. She is a friend of Phryne's. Dr. Macmillan and Phryne reunited during Phryne's voyage by ship from England to Australia in Cocaine Blues. Dr. Macmillan is described as being of around forty-five years of age, with a broad, strong physique, rough and calloused hands, and a weatherbeaten complexion.[5] Her black hair, now turning white, is cut into a 'short Eton crop' and she tends to dress in men's clothes for convenience.[5] Phryne and Dr. Macmillan first meet when there is a 'flu epidemic at a remote island, and Phyrne steps in to fly Dr. Macmillan in on a plane despite dangerous weather conditions. She then assists Dr. Macmillan in attending to the unwell residents of the island, including slaughtering a Highland cow to make them broth.[5]
Jillian Henderson[edit]
Jillian Henderson is a lawyer and a friend of Phryne Fisher's. She frequently represents clients referred to her by Phryne, and has inherited her practice from her father, who was partner in a firm called Henderson, Jones, and Mayhew.
Detective Inspector John 'Jack' Robinson[edit]
Phryne Fisher first meets Detective Inspector Jack Robinson while investigating a cocaine ring in Cocaine Blues, and becomes friends with him thereafter. He respects her skills and intelligence, and the two frequently collaborate on criminal investigations. He is described in Murder on the Ballarat Train as being a "private man with a doting family, who grew grevilleas and rare native orchids in his yard."[8]
Police Constable Jones[edit]
Woman Police Constable Jones works for Detective Inspector Jack Robinson and is one of the few women in the police force. She frequently acts as a bait and decoy in investigations and has won a medal for Gallantry for baiting and capturing a suspect in a string of rapes.[6]
Secondary characters[edit]
Lin Chung – Phryne's lover
Li Pen – A Shaolin monk and Lin's bodyguard
Books[edit]
Cocaine Blues (1989) aka Death by Misadventure[9]
Flying Too High (1990)
Murder on the Ballarat Train (1991)
Death at Victoria Dock (1992)
The Green Mill Murder (1993)
Blood and Circuses (1994)
Ruddy Gore (1995)
Urn Burial (1996)
Raisins and Almonds (1997)
Death Before Wicket (1999)
Away with the Fairies (2001)
Murder in Montparnasse (2002)
The Castlemaine Murders (2003)
Queen of the Flowers (2004)
Death by Water (2005)
Murder in the Dark (2006)
Murder on a Midsummer Night (2008)
Dead Man's Chest (2010)
Unnatural Habits (2012)
Murder and Mendelssohn (2013)
The Phryne Fisher Mysteries: Cocaine Blues / Flying Too High (omnibus) (2004)
A Question of Death (short story collection) (2008)
Introducing the Honourable Phryne Fisher: books 1–3 (omnibus)(2010)
Television[edit]
Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries is a television costume drama series based on the novels, starring Essie Davis in the title role. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Every Cloud Productions produced the series of thirteen one-hour episodes, the first series of which premiered on ABC1 on 24 February 2012.[4]
A second series of 13 episodes followed, a third series of 8 episodes has been released[10] The first episode aired on 8 May 2015, and the season wrapped up with Episode 8 on 26 June 2015.[11]
The series has been well awarded:
Australian Film Institute Award Nomination for Best Television Drama Series (2016)
Australian Film Institute Award Nomination for Best Costume Design in Television (2016)
Australian Film Institute Award Winner for Best Costume Design in Television (2014)
Australian Film Institute Award Nomination for Best Lead Actress in a Television Drama (Essie Davis, 2013)
Logie Awards, Gold Logie Award Nomination (Essie Davis, 2016)
Logie Awards, Silver Logie Award Nomination for Best Actress (Essie Davis, 2016)
Logie Awards, Silver Logie Award Nomination for Most Outstanding Actress (Essie Davis, 2016)
Logie Awards, Silver Logie Award Nomination for Most Popular Actress (Ashleigh Cummings, 2013)
Sichuan Television Festival, Gold Panda Award Nomination for Best Writing for a Television Series (2013)
Feature Film[edit]
Since 2016, there has been speculation on the possibility that the television series would be made into a feature film. In May 2016, Essie Davis acknowledged interest in playing Miss Fisher in a film. "[We’re] just working out the ideas of how to make it bigger and better and more fabulous than the TV show," she said.[12] Later that year, it was revealed that plans were afoot to produce a trilogy of Phryne Fisher films.[13]
In April 2017, a photo was published on the official Miss Fisher Murder Mysteries Instagram account showing Essie Davis and Nathan Page holding advance copies of a film script titled Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears.[14] On 14 September 2017, a crowdfunding campaign was launched on Kickstarter in support of the film.[15] On 15 December 2017, an additional ongoing crowdfunding campaign was begun through IndieGoGo in order to allow fans to continue supporting the effort.[16] The original campaign reached its goal of $250,000 in less than 48 hours. [17]
As a stand-alone action-adventure feature film, Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears will pick up the story from the end of the third series. It will begin production in October of 2018. The film is budgeted at $8 million and will be directed by Tony Tilse. [18]
Bibliography[edit]
Greenwood, Kerry (1989). Cocaine Blues. Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869141724.
Greenwood, Kerry (1991). Murder on the Ballarat Train. Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869142455.
Greenwood, Kerry (1992). Death at Victoria Dock. Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869142660.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Words from the First World War Australian Home Front | Ozwords". ozwords.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
Jump up ^ "What did she say? A glossary of slang from Phryne Fisher's world". phrynefisher.com. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
Jump up ^ Johnson-Woods, Toni; Franks, Rachel (2015). "Phryne Fisher: Feminism and Modernism in Historical Crime Fiction". The Australian Journal of Crime Fiction. 1 (2). Retrieved 18 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official website". Phyrne Fisher. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Greenwood, Kerry (1989). Cocaine Blues (First Paperback ed.). Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869141724.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Greenwood, Kerry (1990). Flying Too High. Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869142158.
Jump up ^ Greenwood, Kerry (1 April 2001). Away with the Fairies. Australia: Allen & Unwin. p. 233. ISBN 978-1865084893.
Jump up ^ Greenwood, Kerry (1991). Murder on the Ballarat Train. Australia: McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0869142455.
Jump up ^ "Kerry Greenwood". Fantastic Fiction.
Jump up ^ Baugher, Lacy (16 June 2014). "Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries Will Return for a Third Season". weta.org. Retrieved 14 December 2014. and broadcast in 2015.
Jump up ^ "Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries (2012– ), Episode List". 2016-01-18.
Jump up ^ Spring, Alexandra (9 May 2016). "The thousand faces of Essie Davis: 'People don't realise I'm the same person'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Bowden, Ebony (17 November 2016). "ABC's Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries set to become an action movie trilogy". Sidney Morning Herald. Sidney. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Jump up ^ missfisher_official (20 April 2017). "Phryne & Jack have been reunited in Melbourne!". Instagram. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Every Cloud Productions (14 September 2017). "Miss Fisher the Movie". Kickstarter. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Every Cloud Productions (15 December 2017). "Miss Fisher the Movie". IndieGoGo. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Moran, Rob (19 September 2017). "Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries movie smashes Kickstarter goal in hours". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Frater, Patrick (21 May 2018). "Hit Australian TV Series 'Miss Fisher' set for Movie Adaptation". Variety. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (soundtrack)
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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
Film score by Klaus Badelt
Released
July 22, 2003[1]
Genre
Orchestral
Length
43:50
Label
Walt Disney[1]
Producer
Klaus Badelt, Hans Zimmer
Klaus Badelt chronology
The Time Machine
(2002)The Time Machine2002 The Curse of the Black Pearl
(2003) Constantine
(2005)Constantine2005
Pirates of the Caribbean chronology
The Curse of the Black Pearl
(2003) The Curse of the Black Pearl2003 Pirates Remixed
(2006) Pirates Remixed2006
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic
Empire
Filmtracks
Movie Music UK
Movie Wave
SoundtrackNet
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl soundtrack is the official soundtrack album from the eponymous film. The album was released on July 22 2003, by Walt Disney Records, and contains selections of music from the film score. The music of the film and this album are credited to composer Klaus Badelt and producer Hans Zimmer.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 Production
3 Orchestration
4 Kingdom Hearts II
5 Reception
6 References
Track listing[edit]
#
Title
Length
Key Scenes/Notes
1 Fog Bound 2:16 The track begins with a light cello jig before descending into a plodding, suspenseful theme (00:28) that incorporates woodwinds later used to denote the Black Pearl and its cursed crew. The theme reaches a suspenseful climax (approx 01:30) before leading into the film's love theme that continues until the end of the track, segueing directly into "The Medallion Calls".
2 The Medallion Calls 1:53 The track begins as a segue from "Fog Bound", continuing the film's love theme. This gives way to Jack Sparrow's introductory theme (00:16), which is repeated throughout the film series as the character's leitmotif. It dips into a mournful tune (00:57) before rising heroically (01:06) and ending the track with a waltzing melody.
3 The Black Pearl 2:16 The cue starts with a sinister tune and then transfers into an exciting score with notable horns playing.
Despite its title, the cue underscores Jack Sparrow's escape from James Norrington's marines in Port Royal. The main theme appears elsewhere in the score, notably during "Will and Elizabeth".
4 Will & Elizabeth 2:08 The track segues in from "The Black Pearl" with a dramatic note, before rising into the film's main "swashbuckling" theme (00:05). This continues at a fast pace, building until the climax (02:04), where it drops off into "Swords Crossed".
Despite the name, this track underscores the duel between Jack Sparrow and William Turner in the Blacksmith shop.
5 Swords Crossed 3:16 This track plays during Elizabeth's dinner with Barbossa, when she discovers the cursed pirates for the first time.
6 Walk the Plank 1:59 This track opens with a segue from Swords Crossed, then it transitions to Jack and Will preparing to commandeer the Interceptor.
7 Barbossa is Hungry 4:06 This track is used as the action cue for the chase between the HMS Interceptor and the Black Pearl.
8 Blood Ritual 3:33 the first part is played when Pintel & Ragetti reveal Bootstrap's story, while the track's latter part is played as Jack Sparrow and William Turner commandeer the Interceptor from Port Royal.
9 Moonlight Serenade 2:09 The beginning is played when Jack and Elizabeth are marooned. The track ends with an action piece, highlighting the very beginning of the climactic battle.
10 To the Pirates' Cave! 3:31 This track is played when Elizabeth rescues the crew of the Black Pearl in the climatic battles of the film, and earlier in the film during Will and Elizabeth's conversation on the Interceptor
11 Skull and Crossbones 3:24 the cue is played during the duel between Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa, and the aftermath of the destruction of the Interceptor. The action part of this track sounds rather different in the film.
12 Bootstrap's Bootstraps 2:39 The track opens with a menacing version of the cursed crew theme, which leads to the main theme heard in He's a Pirate.
Despite its name, taken from Pintel's line concerning William "Bootstrap Bill" Turner being tied to a cannon by his bootstraps, this cue is played during the battle of the Isla de Muerta between the Commodore Norrington and his soldiers of the Royal Navy against the Cursed crew, and the duel between Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa.
13 Underwater March 4:12 The beginning of the track plays when the curse is lifted and the pirates are beaten, and the end plays during their underwater march.
14 One Last Shot 4:46 This track is played in the final scenes of the film.
15 He's a Pirate 1:30 This track is played at the beginning of the credits.
Production[edit]
Composer Alan Silvestri was originally hired to write the score for The Curse of the Black Pearl. However, due to creative differences between the producer Jerry Bruckheimer and him, Silvestri left the project and Gore Verbinski asked Hans Zimmer, with whom he had worked on The Ring, to step in. Zimmer declined to do the bulk of the composing, as he was busy scoring The Last Samurai, a project during which he claimed he had promised not to take any other assignments. As a result, he referred Verbinski to Klaus Badelt,[3] a relatively new composer who had been a part of Remote Control Productions (known as Media Ventures at the time) for three years.
Zimmer however ended up collaborating with Badelt to write most of the score's primary themes. Zimmer said he wrote most of the tunes in the space of one night,[4] and then recorded them in an all-synthesized demo credited to him. This demo presents three of the score's themes and motifs, concluding with an early version of "He's A Pirate" which differs from the final cue and includes a development of a melody Zimmer wrote for the score to Drop Zone. Since the schedule was very tight and the music was needed for the film in three weeks, seven other composers — Ramin Djawadi, James Dooley, Nick Glennie-Smith, Steve Jablonsky, Blake Neely, James McKee Smith, and Geoff Zanelli — were called upon to help orchestrate the music and write additional cues. The resulting score was recorded with a group of musicians, credited as the Hollywood Studio Symphony, over the course of four days. The short time frame demanded the use of a different recording studio for each session. The Metro Voices, a male choir, was recorded in London and added to the finished recordings.
The soundtrack album, consisting of 43 minutes of the film's score, was released with Klaus Badelt credited as the composer. The cues were edited for length, and minor changes to the mix were also made. For unknown reasons, the mixing of several cues are executed with gain levels so high that it causes distortion. This is noticeable particularly during the action cues and the reprise of the love theme in track 14, "One Last Shot". It is also noted that besides the first two cues, the tracks' generic names were unrelated to their contents. According to the official website of composer Geoff Zanelli, this was because the production "schedule was so short that [they] had to decide on the track names for the album packaging before the score was even written!"[5]
Badelt was credited as the conductor on early batches of the disc, but it was actually conducted by Blake Neely.
Orchestration[edit]
For the most part, The Curse of the Black Pearl features simple orchestration. Counterpoint is rare; most of the louder music consists of melody, simple harmony, and rhythmic figures in the low brass and low strings. Sampled drum beats including tom-toms and various cymbals are used ubiquitously in such sections. A very low, rumbling bass line was also introduced into the mix to reinforce the cello and double basses. Quieter sections tend to rely either on the string section or on sound effects. Pan flute, possibly synthesized or sampled, and claves can be heard repeatedly in the eerier cues.
One of the defining characteristics of this score's sound is the use of horn for melody. Nearly all of the score's louder sections feature the horns on the melody, frequently doubled by various string instruments.
Kingdom Hearts II[edit]
For the video game Kingdom Hearts II, which features a number of scenes based on the movie, composer Yoko Shimomura arranged a synthesized "He's a Pirate" to serve as the musical theme for all combat in the Port Royal world. This arrangement is identical in structure to the original cue, though a number of changes were made to the melody and chords.
Reception[edit]
The score received mixed reviews from critics.[6] Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks.com gave it one out of a possible five stars, criticizing its similarities to past Remote Control scores such as The Rock and Gladiator. He also criticized its lack of connections to the "swashbuckling" genre, stating, "The most disgraceful part of the pounding and shouting score for The Curse of the Black Pearl is that there is really nothing swashbuckling about it. If you remove the tepid little thirty-second jig from the start of the opening cue, then this score could easily accompany a movie about alien attacks, police force raids, chases for nuclear weapons, or any other militaristic setting."[7]
Conversely, Andrew Granade of Soundtrack.net gave the score a mostly positive review, giving it a 3.5 out of 5 rating and stating, "Pirates of the Caribbean is over the top in both movie and score, yet in a good-natured way. Badelt's work here is pleasing without being too heavy and is fully melded with the onscreen action."[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Pirates of the Caribbean (Original Soundtrack) by Klaus Badelt". iTunes. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
Jump up ^ "Full cast and crew for 'Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl' (2003)". IMDb. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
Jump up ^ SoundtrackNet : Interview - Hans Zimmer - Part 1
Jump up ^ Schweiger, Daniel (May 16, 2011). "Audio: On The Score With Hans Zimmer". Film Music Magazine. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
Jump up ^ Official website of Geoff Zanelli - See the composer's notes for this project under the Music section. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
Jump up ^ Monger, James Christopher. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl". Allmusic. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Clemmensen, Christian. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (Klaus Badelt)". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Granade, Andrew. "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
[show]
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text:
List of countries where Spanish is an official language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
[hide]
1 Official or national language
2 Significant minority language
2.1 Andorra
2.2 Belize
2.3 Gibraltar
2.4 United States
3 Historical language
3.1 Philippines
3.2 Western Sahara
4 Creole languages
5 Judeo-Spanish
6 International organizations
7 References
Official or national language[edit]
Spanish is the majority language in 20 sovereign states and several dependent territories, totaling around 440 million people.[1] It is additionally the main official language in Equatorial Guinea.
In these countries and territories, Spanish is the main or mostly used language of communication of the vast majority of the population; official documents are written chiefly or solely in that language; and it is taught in schools and utilized as the primary medium of instruction as part of the official curriculum.
Country/Territory
Status
Population
(2014)[2]
Regulatory body
More information
Mexico De facto[3] 120,286,655 Academia Mexicana de la Lengua Mexican Spanish
Colombia De jure[4] 48,400,388 Academia Colombiana de la Lengua Colombian Spanish
Spaina De jure[5] 47,737,941 Real Academia Española Peninsular Spanish
Argentina De facto[6] 43,024,374 Academia Argentina de Letras Rioplatense Spanish
Perub De jure[7] 30,147,935 Academia Peruana de la Lengua Peruvian Coast Spanish
Venezuela De jure[8] 28,868,486 Academia Venezolana de la Lengua Venezuelan Spanish
Chile De facto[9] 17,363,894 Academia Chilena de la Lengua Chilean Spanish
Ecuadorc De jure[10] 15,654,411 Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua Ecuadorian Spanish
Guatemala De jure[11] 14,647,083 Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua Guatemalan Spanish
Cuba De jure[12] 11,047,251 Academia Cubana de la Lengua Cuban Spanish
Boliviad De jure[13] 10,631,486 Academia Boliviana de la Lengua Bolivian Spanish
Dominican Republic De jure[14] 10,349,741 Academia Dominicana de la Lengua Dominican Spanish
Honduras De jure[15] 8,598,561 Academia Hondureña de la Lengua Honduran Spanish
Paraguaye De jure[16] 6,703,860 Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española Paraguayan Spanish
El Salvador De jure[17] 6,125,512 Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua Salvadoran Spanish
Nicaragua De facto[18] 5,848,641 Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua Nicaraguan Spanish
Costa Rica De jure[19] 4,755,234 Academia Costarricense de la Lengua Costa Rican Spanish
Puerto Ricof De jure[20] 3,620,897 Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española Puerto Rican Spanish
Panama De jure[21] 3,608,431 Academia Panameña de la Lengua Panamanian Spanish
Uruguay De facto[22] 3,332,972 Academia Nacional de Letras Uruguayan Spanish
Equatorial Guineag De jure[23] 1,722,254 Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española Equatoguinean Spanish
Total 541,302,353 Association of Spanish Language Academies
a In Spain, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level, while the languages of Basque, Catalan/Valencian, and Galician are co-official alongside Spanish in certain regions.
b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.
c In Ecuador, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while the Kichwa (Northern Quechua) and Shuar languages hold co-official status in selected regions.
d In Bolivia, the national constitution recognizes Spanish and various indigenous languages of Bolivia as official at the national level, though Spanish is predominant nationwide.
e In Paraguay, Spanish and the indigenous Guaraní are recognized as co-official at the national level and both are widely used in society.
f Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. where Spanish and English are the official languages and Spanish is the primary language.[20]
g In Equatorial Guinea, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages all hold official status at the national level, though Spanish is the primary language in the public sphere while Fang, Bube, Kombe, and other Bantu languages, as well as an English-based creole, are used at home and family settings. See Equatorial Guinea#Languages.
Population of the Spanish speaking countries (+ Puerto Rico) in 2011

America
Significant minority language[edit]
Though not an official language at the national level, Spanish is regularly spoken by significant minority populations in each of the nations and territories noted below. In each, public services and information are widely available in Spanish, as are various forms of printed and broadcast media.
Country
Population
(2014)[2]
Total speakers
Percentage Spanish-speaking
Andorra 85,458 29,907 35%
Belize 340,844 106,795 30%
Gibraltar 29,185 23,857 81%
United States 318,892,103 52,000,000 23%
Andorra[edit]
See also: Languages of Andorra
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the Principality of Andorra which share land borders with Spain.[24]
Belize[edit]
See also: Languages of Belize
Spanish has no official recognition in the Central American nation of Belize, a Commonwealth realm where English is the official national language. However, the country shares land borders with Spanish-speaking Mexico and Guatemala and, per the 2010 Belizean census, Spanish is spoken by a sizable portion of the population; 30% claim Spanish as a mother tongue and about 50% of the population has working knowledge of the language.[25]
Gibraltar[edit]
See also: Languages of Gibraltar
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, which share land borders with Spain.[26]
United States[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the United States
Spanish has been spoken in the United States for several centuries in the Southwest and Florida, which were all once part of New Spain. However, today only a tiny minority of Spanish speakers in the US trace their language back to those times; the overwhelming majority of speakers come from recent immigration. Only in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado has Spanish maintained speaking communities uninterruptedly since colonial times. [27] Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second-language speakers.[28] Though not official, Spanish has a special status for education in the U.S. state of New Mexico. [29] With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[30] Spanish is increasingly used alongside English nationwide in business and politics. In the United States, the language is regulated by the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.
Historical language[edit]
Philippines[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the Philippines
See also: Philippine Spanish
Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of the Hispanic period in 1565 and through independence until a constitutional change in 1973. However, President Ferdinand Marcos had Spanish redesigned as an official language under Presidential Decree No. 156, dated 15 March 1973 and Spanish remained official until 1987, when it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language.[31]
On 8 August 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo announced that the Philippine government asked help from the Spanish Government in her plan to reintroduce Spanish as a required subject in the Philippine school system.[32] By 2012, the language was a compulsory subject at only a very select number of secondary schools.[33] In spite of government promotion of Spanish, less than 0.5% of the population are able to speak Spanish at least proficiently.[34]
While Spanish is designated as an optional government language in the Philippines, its usage is very limited and not present in everyday life.[35] In the country, Spanish is regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language.
Western Sahara[edit]
Spanish is a secondary official language, alongside Arabic, in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a former Spanish colony and now a partially recognized state, most of whose territory is occupied by Morocco. Spanish is not a native language in that country.[36][37]
Creole languages[edit]
Main article: Spanish-based creole languages
There are a number of Spanish-based creole languages. Chavacano is spoken in Zamboanga City in the Philippines and is a regional language.[38] Papiamento is the official language in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao; it has been classified as either a Spanish-based or a Portuguese-based creole.[39][40]
Chamorro is an Austronesian language with many Spanish loanwords; some scholars have considered it a creole, but the most authoritative sources deny this. [41]
Country
Creole language
Estimated speakers[42]
Year
Status
Aruba Papiamento ~100,000[43] N/A Official.[44]
Caribbean Netherlands Papiamento – – Official.[45]
Curaçao Papiamento 185,155[46] 1981 Official.[47]
Philippines Chavacano 689,000[46] 1992 Regional.[38]
Judeo-Spanish[edit]
Main article: Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish (sometimes known as Ladino or other names) is a language derived from medieval Spanish; it is still spoken by some Sephardi Jews, mainly in Israel.[48]
International organizations[edit]
United Nations (UN)
European Union (EU)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
African Union (AU)
Central American Integration System (SICA)
Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mercosur
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Latin Union
Pacific Alliance
Interpol
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://eldiae.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/El-espa%C3%B1ol-lengua-viva-2014.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Mexico does not have an official language at the federal level [1]; however, Spanish is spoken by the majority.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Colombia, Art. 10
Jump up ^ Spanish Constitution, Art. 3-1
Jump up ^ The Argentine Constitution does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Peru, Art. 48
Jump up ^ Constitution of Venezuela, Art. 9
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Chile does not establish Spanish as an official language. However, Chilean legislation establishes that schools must teach students to communicate in the "Castilian language" (General Law on Education (Articles 29 and 30), Chile Library of Congress.)
Jump up ^ Constitution of Ecuador, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Guatemala, Art. 143
Jump up ^ Constitution of Cuba, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Bolivia, Art. 5
Jump up ^ The Constitution of the Dominican Republic establish Spanish as it official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Honduras, Art. 6
Jump up ^ Constitution of Paraguay, Art. 140
Jump up ^ Constitution of El Salvador, Art. 62
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Nicaragua does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Costa Rica, Art. 76
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of Puerto Rico Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 3, Section 5: It is mandatory to be able to read and write in either English or Spanish in order to be a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Panama, Art. 7
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Uruguay does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, Art. 4
Jump up ^ "Observatori de l'Institut d'Estudis Andorrans" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Statistical Institute of Belize: Belize Population and Housing Census 2010. Country Report. Belmopan 2013.
Jump up ^ <Constitution of Gibraltar Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Canfield, Delos Lincoln (1981). Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 80. The main nuclei of Spanish speech in the United States are northern New Mexico / southern Colorado, the border territories from California through Texas, the Florida peninsula, New York City, and other large cities of the Northeast and Midwest. Only one of these, the New Mexico / Colorado dialect area, has maintained linguistic continuity since colonial days, and its speech goes back to about 1600.
Jump up ^ "US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ Language Rights and New Mexico Statehood By the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
Jump up ^ "Más 'speak spanish' que en España". Retrieved 2007-10-06. (Spanish)
Jump up ^ Article XIV, Sec 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Jump up ^ "La presidenta filipina pedirá ayuda a España para oficializar el español" (in Spanish). MSN Noticias. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
Jump up ^ Legaspi, Amita O. (3 July 2012). "PNoy (President Benigno Aquino III) and Spain’s Queen Sofia welcome return of Spanish language in Philippine schools". GMA News.
Jump up ^ Medium projection, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010, archived from the original on 11 August 2011
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Philippines, Art. 14
Jump up ^ "Como saharauis queremos conservar el español". Lavozdegalicia.es. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Jump up ^ "EL ESPAñOL EN LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE REFUGIADOS SAHARAUIS (TINDUF, ARGELIA)" (PDF). Cvc.cervantes.es. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
^ Jump up to: a b DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. July 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Attila Narin (June 1998). "Papiamentu Facts". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Dalby, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages. Bloomsbury Publishing plc. p. 489. ISBN 0-7475-3117-X.
Jump up ^ Topping, Donald (1973). Chamorro Reference Grammar. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 6 and 7. ISBN 978-0-8248-0269-1.
Jump up ^ "Ethnologue". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Language" - Government of Aruba (official site) - 2010
Jump up ^ Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-272-5258-6.
Jump up ^ "Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Retrieved 2010-10-24. Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English: Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento)
^ Jump up to: a b Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial Archived 29 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Instituto Cervantes.
Jump up ^ "Nieuwsbrief 070313 – Papiaments officieel erkend". Nieuws.leidenuniv.nl. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Jump up ^ EJP | News | Western Europe | Judaeo-Spanish language revived Archived 29 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Ejpress.org (19 September 2005). Retrieved on 19 October 2011.
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values: قائمة الدول المتخذة الإسبانية لغة رسمية – Arabic

values: Anexo:Países donde el español es idioma oficial – Spanish

values: Landoj kie la hispana lingvo estas oficiala – Esperanto

values: Liste des pays ayant l'espagnol pour langue officielle – French

values: Daftar negara dengan bahasa Spanyol sebagai bahasa resmi – Indonesian

values: Valstis ar oficiālo spāņu valodu – Latvian

values: الدول الناطقه بالاسبانيه كلغه رسميه – Egyptian Arabic

values: Lijst van landen waar Spaans een officiële taal is – Dutch

values: स्पेनी आधिकारिक भाषा हुने देशहरु – Nepali

values: Listă de țări în care spaniola este limbă oficială – Romanian

values: فہرست ممالک ہسپانوی بطور سرکاری زبان – Urdu

values: 西班牙语国家和地区列表 – Chinese

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