text:
Build-A-Bear Workshop
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For the video game, see Build-A-Bear Workshop (video game).
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc.
Type
Public company
Traded as
NYSE: BBW
Industry
Retail
Founded
1997; 21 years ago (1997)
Headquarters
Overland, Missouri, U.S.[1]
Key people
Maxine Clark (founder)
Sharon Price John (President/CEO)
Products
Stuffed toys
Sports Stuff
Revenue
United States dollars 377.7 million (2015)
Number of employees
~5,643 (2011)
Website
buildabear.com
Build-A-Bear Workshop, Inc. is an American retailer headquartered in Overland, Missouri, that sells teddy bears and other stuffed animals. Customers go through an interactive process in which the stuffed animal of their choice is assembled and customized during their visit to the store. Build-A-Bear Workshop is the largest chain that operates in this style. The company has been acclaimed for the quality of its working environment, especially as a workplace for teenagers.[2]
The company's slogan was "Where Best Friends Are Made" from 1997 to 2013. It is now "The Most Fun You'll Ever Make".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Other brands
2.1 Build-A-Bearville
2.2 Make Your Own Mascot
2.3 Friends 2B Made
2.4 Build-A-Dino
2.5 Build-A-Bear at the Zoo
2.6 Build-A-Bear Workshop At Sea
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
A Build-A-Bear Workshop at Vaughan Mills in Toronto
Build-A-Bear Workshop was founded by Maxine Clark in 1997, with its first store in the Saint Louis Galleria. By 2010, the store had sold over 50 million bears and had over 400 stores in operation worldwide in Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Norway, Qatar, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. The chain also originally had at least one store in Brazil and one in Oman, but both have since closed for reasons undisclosed.
Former logo used with minor changes until 2015.
In 2006, the company acquired The Bear Factory from Hamleys and began operating in its flagship store in London.
Build-A-Bear has also engaged in various charities, including the WWF Collecti-bear series which has given over $1 million (USD) to the World Wildlife Fund.[4] As part of its tenth birthday celebration, the company built 11 playgrounds throughout the USA and Canada in partnership with KaBOOM! and announced that it had donated over $11 million to various child and family causes since 1994. A Build-A-Bear Workshop video game was developed by The Game Factory and released for the Nintendo DS platform for Christmas 2009.
Build-A-Bear created several tie-in stuffed animals for various promotional events, including a toy The Cat in the Hat, a toy Shrek, a toy Cody Maverick penguin from Surf's Up, a toy Mumble from Happy Feet, a toy E.B. from Hop, both Alvin and Brittany from the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series, a Jonas dog, a Shake It Up bunny and a Wizards of Waverly Place bear. Build-A-Bear workshop has also released several lines of miniature toys included in Happy Meals at McDonald's restaurants, running first in May 2006[5] followed by a second promotion in August 2007, a third in October 2009, a fourth one in February 2012, and fifth in November 2013. In November 2015, they came back to McDonald's.These were only available in McDonald's in the United States. Build-A-Bear has been licensed since 2013 by Hasbro to sell characters based on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic.[6]
In 2010, in honor of the Sanrio company's 50th anniversary, Build-A-Bear released limited edition Sanrio characters, including Hello Kitty, Chococat, My Melody, and Keroppi. This included the release of mini keychains of the four characters along with Deery Lou.[7] In 2010, Build-A-Bear also started selling Zhu Zhu Pets, a line of electronic hamsters by Cepia LLC. Also in 2010, Build-A-Bear introduced a line of smaller bears in boxes and already stuffed bears called smallfrys. A variety of smallfrys were available ranging from normal bears and rabbits to blue tigers and purple giraffes. Just like the normal 30–40 cm bears they had clothes and accessories but were not as big a variety as the larger bears.
Starting in 2011, Build-A-Bear added Victoria Justice as their new spokesperson. In the mid-year, she began appearing in all Build-A-Bear Workshop commercials. Build-A-Bear also released a feature film available on the iPad through MoPix in December 2011.[8]
In 2013, when Maxine Clark retired, Sharon Price John was named CEO & Chief Executive Bear of Build-A-Bear Workshop. Since June 2013, she has led a turnaround effort that included closing Bearville and un-profitable stores, re-designing logos, mottos, and giving the brand a refresh for today's customers.
In Holiday 2014, Build-A-Bear launched Santa's Merry Mission, an app launched around Build-A-Bear Workshop's Christmas Furry Friends.
In 2015, Build-A-Bear Workshop introduced a new store format called the Discovery Store. The store uses new logos, new color pallets, and a fresh overall new look. Build-A-Bear is also experimenting with adding more licensed products, mostly from Hit movies like Minions, and more.
In 2016, Build-A-Bear was pushing to expand growth into smaller spaces, like Carnival Cruise Ships (Build-A-Bear At Sea), and select Movie Theaters. They also introduce Concourse Shops, which are small Build-A-Bear Workshop kiosks located within Malls and Movie Theaters.
In 2017, Build-A-Bear Workshop brought Build-A-Bear At Sea on to Carnival Cruise Ships. The experience is available during Carnival's Kids Program and is set up as a pop-up shop within Camp Ocean.
Other brands[edit]
Build-A-Bearville[edit]
In late October 2007, Build-A-Bear Workshop opened a massively multiplayer online game called Build-A-Bearville (also known as Bearville), developed in association with Frima Studio. It allowed users to play games, explore an expanding world, partake in special events, and chat in a safe community. In addition, Build-A-Bear was featured on an episode of Undercover Boss
Redeemable codes were sold with some products from Build-A-Bear Workshops that could be used to unlock features and content within the game. However, these were not required in order to play. Anyone could create an account and play with access to most of the game's features, even if they had not purchased a product from a Build-A-Bear Workshop.
The virtual world closed in 2015 and is no longer playable. It was replaced by the kids' site "Bearville Alive!", containing a web series featuring Build-a-Bear characters.[clarification needed]
Make Your Own Mascot[edit]
The "Make Your Own Phanatic" shop at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, now closed.
"Make Your Own Mascot" stores are trade at Progressive Field (Cleveland), Great American Ball Park (Cincinnati), AT&T Park (San Francisco), Nationals Park (Washington D.C.), and Busch Stadium (St. Louis) featuring the home team's respective mascots, as well ones for Boston Red Sox mascot Wally the Green Monster in the Faneuil Hall Marketplace store and Mr. Met, the mascot of the New York Mets, at their Fifth Avenue store in Manhattan, New York City.[9] A location at Citizens Bank Park (Philadelphia) closed at the end of the 2010 season.
Friends 2B Made[edit]
Friends 2B Made was an interactive store that allowed customers to make dolls and purchase related accessories launched by Build-A-Bear in 2005. The store was open briefly in nine locations before closing in 2009.
Build-A-Dino[edit]
Build-A-Dino allows customers to create a stuffed dinosaur and purchase related accessories. The first location was located inside the T-Rex Cafe in Kansas City, in partnership with Landry's Restaurants. The first stand-alone store was a temporary holiday location at Chesterfield Mall in Chesterfield, Missouri, which closed after the 2006 holidays to relocate to the St. Louis Science Center. There is also a Build-A-Dino inside a second T-Rex Cafe at Disney Springs in Walt Disney World. There was a build a Dino at the Myrtle Beach Build-A-Bear Workshop flagship store but it has been since closed as of 2015.
Build-A-Bear at the Zoo[edit]
"Build-A-Bear at the Zoo" can be found at the Saint Louis Zoological Park. This store features several types of zoo animals.[10]
Build-A-Bear Workshop At Sea[edit]
Build-A-Bear Workshop At Sea is located on Carnival Cruise Ships within their Camp Ocean Children's Program. They are pop-up shops where Guests can make their own furry friends while on a cruise.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "New Build-A-Bear CEO upbeat on turnaround, future". St. Louis Post-dispatch. January 19, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Seventeen Special – 10 Best Companies: Apply for jobs at these great companies!". Archived from the original on April 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Build-A-Bear Workshop Inc. History". fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Build-A-Bear Workshop Donates $1 Million for World Wildlife Fund, March 7, 2006
Jump up ^ Build-A-Bear Workshop(R) Featured in McDonald's(R) Happy Meal(R) and Mighty Kids Meals; Summer of Happy Meal Fun Series Includes First-Ever Plush Collection with Removable Clothing, May 10, 2006
Jump up ^ "My Little Pony Stuffed Animals at Build-A-Bear". www.buildabear.com.
Jump up ^ Hello Kitty and Sanrio Friends Celebrate Sanrio's 50th Anniversary at Build-A-Bear Workshop
Jump up ^ Build-A-Bear Workshop
Jump up ^ Jones, Juston (August 29, 2008). "Building a Young Audience at Ballparks". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2009. Maxine Clark, the chairwoman and chief executive of the company, said Build-a-Bear Workshop has opened five stores so far in Major League Baseball stadiums
Jump up ^ Shop at the Zoo – Saint Louis Zoo Archived February 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
External links[edit]
Official Website
Build-A-Dino
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VIAF: 130405920
LCCN: n2007037500
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Tropic of Cancer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the circle of latitude. For other uses, see Tropic of Cancer (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 23°26′14″N 0°0′0″W / 23.43722°N -0.00000°E / 23.43722; -0.00000 (Prime Meridian)
World map showing the Tropic of Cancer
Carretera 83 (Vía Corta) Zaragoza-Victoria, km 27+800. Of all crossings of the Tropic of Cancer with Mexican federal highways, this is the only place where the latitude is marked with precision and where the annual drift between the years 2005 and 2010 can be appreciated.
The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is currently 23°26′13.0″ (or 23.43695°) north of the Equator. It is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.[1]
Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun can be directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn. These tropics are two of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of Earth; which also includes the Arctic and Antarctic Circles and the Equator. The positions of these two circles of latitude (relative to the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Circumnavigation
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Name[edit]
When this line of latitude was named some 2,000 years ago, the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (Latin for crab) at the June solstice, the time each year that the Sun reaches its zenith at this latitude. Due to the precession of the equinoxes, this is no longer the case; today the Sun is in Taurus at the June solstice. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek "trope (τροπή)", meaning turn (change of direction, or circumstances), inclination, referring to the fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
Geography[edit]
[show]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google
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Place data as RDF
The Tropic of Cancer's position is not fixed, but varies in a complicated manner over time. Currently, it gradually drifts south almost half an arcsecond (0.468″) of latitude, or 15 metres, per year (it was at exactly 23° 27′ in 1917 and will be at 23° 26' in 2045).[2] See axial tilt and circles of latitude for further information.
North of the tropic are the subtropics and the North Temperate Zone. The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the Tropic of Capricorn, and the region between the two, centered on the Equator, is the tropics.
Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastward, the Tropic of Cancer passes through 16 countries:
Co-ordinates
Country, territory or sea
Notes
23°26′N 0°0′E / 23.433°N 0.000°E / 23.433; 0.000 (Prime Meridian)
Algeria
23°26′N 11°51′E / 23.433°N 11.850°E / 23.433; 11.850 (Niger)
Niger
23°26′N 12°17′E / 23.433°N 12.283°E / 23.433; 12.283 (Libya)
Libya
The Tropic touches on the northernmost point of Chad at 23°26′N 15°59′E / 23.433°N 15.983°E / 23.433; 15.983 (Northernmost point of Chad)
23°26′N 25°0′E / 23.433°N 25.000°E / 23.433; 25.000 (Egypt)
Egypt
The Tropic passes through Lake Nasser
23°26′N 35°30′E / 23.433°N 35.500°E / 23.433; 35.500 (Red Sea)
Red Sea
23°26′N 38°38′E / 23.433°N 38.633°E / 23.433; 38.633 (Saudi Arabia)
Saudi Arabia
23°26′N 52°10′E / 23.433°N 52.167°E / 23.433; 52.167 (United Arab Emirates)
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi emirate only
23°26′N 55°24′E / 23.433°N 55.400°E / 23.433; 55.400 (Oman)
Oman
23°26′N 58°46′E / 23.433°N 58.767°E / 23.433; 58.767 (Indian Ocean)
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
23°26′N 68°23′E / 23.433°N 68.383°E / 23.433; 68.383 (India)
India
States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal
23°26′N 88°47′E / 23.433°N 88.783°E / 23.433; 88.783 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Khulna, Dhaka, and Chittagong Divisions
23°26′N 91°14′E / 23.433°N 91.233°E / 23.433; 91.233 (India)
India
State of Tripura
23°26′N 91°56′E / 23.433°N 91.933°E / 23.433; 91.933 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
23°26′N 92°19′E / 23.433°N 92.317°E / 23.433; 92.317 (India)
India
State of Mizoram
23°26′N 93°23′E / 23.433°N 93.383°E / 23.433; 93.383 (Myanmar)
Myanmar
Chin State, Sagaing Division, Mandalay Division, Shan State
23°26′N 98°54′E / 23.433°N 98.900°E / 23.433; 98.900 (China)
China
Provinces of Yunnan (passing about 7 km north of the border with Vietnam), Guangxi, and Guangdong
23°26′N 117°8′E / 23.433°N 117.133°E / 23.433; 117.133 (Taiwan Strait)
Taiwan Strait
23°26′N 120°8′E / 23.433°N 120.133°E / 23.433; 120.133 (Taiwan)
Taiwan
Chiayi County, Hualien County
23°26′N 121°29′E / 23.433°N 121.483°E / 23.433; 121.483 (Philippine Sea)
Philippine Sea
23°26′N 142°00′E / 23.433°N 142.000°E / 23.433; 142.000 (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific Ocean
Passing just south of Necker Island, Hawaii, United States
23°26′N 110°15′W / 23.433°N 110.250°W / 23.433; -110.250 (Mexico)
Mexico
State of Baja California Sur
23°26′N 109°24′W / 23.433°N 109.400°W / 23.433; -109.400 (Gulf of California)
Gulf of California
23°26′N 106°35′W / 23.433°N 106.583°W / 23.433; -106.583 (Mexico)
Mexico
States of Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas
23°26′N 97°45′W / 23.433°N 97.750°W / 23.433; -97.750 (Gulf of Mexico)
Gulf of Mexico
23°26′N 83°0′W / 23.433°N 83.000°W / 23.433; -83.000 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
Passing through the Straits of Florida and the Nicholas Channel
Passing just south of the Anguilla Cays ( Bahamas)
Passing through the Santaren Channel and into the open ocean
23°26′N 76°0′W / 23.433°N 76.000°W / 23.433; -76.000 (Bahamas)
Bahamas
Exuma Islands and Long Island
23°26′N 75°10′W / 23.433°N 75.167°W / 23.433; -75.167 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
23°26′N 15°57′W / 23.433°N 15.950°W / 23.433; -15.950 (Western Sahara)
Western Sahara
Claimed by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
23°26′N 12°0′W / 23.433°N 12.000°W / 23.433; -12.000 (Mauritania)
Mauritania
23°26′N 6°23′W / 23.433°N 6.383°W / 23.433; -6.383 (Mali)
Mali
23°26′N 2°23′W / 23.433°N 2.383°W / 23.433; -2.383 (Algeria)
Algeria
Climate[edit]
Relationship between Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles
Excluding cooler highland regions in China, the climate at the Tropic of Cancer is generally hot and dry except for easterly coastal areas where orographic rainfall can be very heavy, in some places reaching 4 metres (160 in). Most regions on the Tropic of Cancer experience two distinct seasons: an extremely hot summer with temperatures often reaching 45 °C (113 °F) and a warm winter with maxima around 22 °C (72 °F). Much land on or near the Tropic of Cancer is part of the Sahara Desert, whilst to the east the climate is torrid monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September and very little rainfall for the rest of the year.
The highest mountain on or adjacent to the Tropic of Cancer is Yushan in Taiwan; though it had glaciers descending as low as 2,800 metres (9,190 ft) during the Last Glacial Maximum, none survive and at present no glaciers exist within 470 kilometres (290 mi) of the Tropic of Cancer; the nearest currently surviving are the Minyong and Baishui in the Himalayas to the north and on Iztaccíhuatl to the south.
Circumnavigation[edit]
According to the rules of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, for a flight to compete for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians, and end on the same airfield where it started.
Length of the Tropic on 11 December 2015, at 23°26′14″N is 36,788 kilometres (22,859 mi).[3]
For an ordinary circumnavigation the rules are somewhat relaxed and the distance is set to a rounded value of at least 36,770 kilometres (22,850 mi).
Gallery[edit]
Road sign south of Dakhla, Western Sahara marking the Tropic of Cancer. The sign was placed by Budapest-Bamako rally participants; thus, the inscription is in English and Hungarian.
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer a few miles from Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer in Madhya Pradesh, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer on National Highway 34 in Nadia District, West Bengal, India
Tropic of Cancer mark in Ruisui Township, Hualien County, Taiwan
See also[edit]
23rd parallel north
24th parallel north
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Arctic Circle
Axial tilt
Equator
Milankovitch cycles
Ducking and shaving
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "PHP Science Labs". Retrieved 2014-01-01.
Jump up ^ Montana State University: Milankovitch Cycles & Glaciation Archived August 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ RhumbSolve online rhumb line calculator.
External links[edit]
Look up tropic of cancer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Article on the Tropic of Cancer in Oman
Temporal Epoch Calculations
Useful constants See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
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text:
The Grapes of Wrath (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the 1990 Broadway play, see The Grapes of Wrath (play).
The Grapes of Wrath
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
John Ford
Produced by
Darryl F. Zanuck
Nunnally Johnson
Screenplay by
Nunnally Johnson
Based on
The Grapes of Wrath
by John Steinbeck
Starring
Henry Fonda
Jane Darwell
John Carradine
Shirley Mills
John Qualen
Eddie Quillan
Music by
Alfred Newman
Cinematography
Gregg Toland
Edited by
Robert L. Simpson
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
January 24, 1940 (1940-01-24) (United States)
Running time
129 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$800,000[1]
Box office
$2.5 million (rentals)[2]
The Grapes of Wrath is a 1940 drama film directed by John Ford. It was based on John Steinbeck's 1939 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Nunnally Johnson and the executive producer was Darryl F. Zanuck.[3]
The film tells the story of the Joads, an Oklahoma family, who, after losing their farm during the Great Depression in the 1930s, become migrant workers and end up in California. The motion picture details their arduous journey across the United States as they travel to California in search of work and opportunities for the family members.
The film is widely considered as one of the greatest American films of all time. In 1989, this film was one of the first 25 films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Novel
4 Differences from the novel
5 Soundtrack
6 Production
7 Reception
7.1 Critical response
7.2 Awards
8 Video and DVD
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens with Tom Joad (Henry Fonda), released from prison and hitchhiking his way back to his parents' family farm in Oklahoma. Tom finds an itinerant ex-preacher named Jim Casy (John Carradine) sitting under a tree by the side of the road. Casy was the preacher who baptized Tom, but now Casy has "lost the spirit" and his faith. Casy goes with Tom to the Joad property only to find it deserted. There, they meet Muley Graves (John Qualen) who is hiding out. In a flashback, he describes how farmers all over the area were forced from their farms by the deed holders of the land. A local boy (Irving Bacon), hired for the purpose, is shown knocking down Muley's house with a Caterpillar tractor. The large Joad family of twelve leaves at daybreak, along with Casy, who decides to accompany them. They pack everything into a dilapidated 1926 Hudson "Super Six" sedan adapted to serve as a truck in order to make the long journey to the promised land of California.
The trip along Highway 66 is arduous, and it soon takes a toll on the Joad family. The elderly Grandpa (Charley Grapewin) dies along the way. Tom writes the circumstances surrounding the death on a page from the family Bible and places it on the body before they bury it so that if his remains were found, his death would not be investigated as a possible homicide. They park in a camp and meet a man, a migrant returning from California, who laughs at Pa's optimism about conditions in California. He speaks bitterly about his experiences in the West.
The family arrives at the first transient migrant campground for workers and finds the camp is crowded with other starving, jobless and desperate travelers. Their truck slowly makes its way through the dirt road between the shanty houses and around the camp's hungry-faced inhabitants. Tom says, "Sure don't look none too prosperous."
After some trouble with a so-called "agitator", the Joads leave the camp in a hurry. The Joads make their way to another migrant camp, the Keene Ranch. After doing some work in the fields, they discover the high food prices in the company store for meat and other products. The store is the only one in the area, by a long shot. Later they find a group of migrant workers are striking, and Tom wants to find out all about it. He goes to a secret meeting in the dark woods. When the meeting is discovered, Casy is killed by one of the camp guards. As Tom tries to defend Casy from the attack, he inadvertently kills the guard.
Tom suffers a serious wound on his cheek, and the camp guards realize it will not be difficult to identify him. That evening the family hides Tom under the mattresses of the truck just as guards arrive to question them; they are searching for the man who killed the guard. Tom avoids being spotted and the family leaves the Keene Ranch without further incident. After driving for a while, they have to stop at the top of a hill when the engine overheats due to a broken fan belt; they have little gas, but decide to try coasting down the hill to some lights. The lights are from a third type of camp: Farmworkers' Wheat Patch Camp (Weedpatch in the book), a clean camp run by the Department of Agriculture, complete with indoor toilets and showers, which the Joad children had never seen before.
Tom is moved to work for change by what he has witnessed in the various camps. He tells his family that he plans to carry on Casy's mission in the world by fighting for social reform. He leaves to seek a new world and to join the movement committed to social justice.
Tom Joad says:
I'll be all around in the dark. I'll be everywhere. Wherever you can look, wherever there's a fight, so hungry people can eat, I'll be there. Wherever there's a cop beatin' up a guy, I'll be there. I'll be in the way guys yell when they're mad. I'll be in the way kids laugh when they're hungry and they know supper's ready, and when the people are eatin' the stuff they raise and livin' in the houses they build, I'll be there, too.
As the family moves on again, they discuss the fear and difficulties they have had. Ma Joad concludes the film, saying:
I ain't never gonna be scared no more. I was, though. For a while it looked as though we was beat. Good and beat. Looked like we didn't have nobody in the whole wide world but enemies. Like nobody was friendly no more. Made me feel kinda bad and scared too, like we was lost and nobody cared.... Rich fellas come up and they die, and their kids ain't no good and they die out, but we keep a-coming. We're the people that live. They can't wipe us out, they can't lick us. We'll go on forever, Pa, cos we're the people.
Cast[edit]
Henry Fonda as Tom Joad
Henry Fonda as Tom Joad
Jane Darwell as Ma Joad
John Carradine as Jim Casy
Charley Grapewin as William James "Grandpa" Joad
Dorris Bowdon as Rosasharn
Russell Simpson as Pa Joad
O. Z. Whitehead as Al Joad
John Qualen as Muley Graves
Eddie Quillan as Connie Rivers
Zeffie Tilbury as Grandma Joad
Frank Sully as Noah Joad
Frank Darien as Uncle John
Darryl Hickman as Winfield Joad
Shirley Mills as Ruth "Ruthie" Joad
Roger Imhof as Thomas
Grant Mitchell as Caretaker
Charles D. Brown as Wilkie
John Arledge as Davis
Ward Bond as Policeman
Harry Tyler as Bert
William Pawley as Bill
Charles Tannen as Joe
Selmer Jackson as Inspection Officer
Charles Middleton as Leader
Eddie Waller as Proprietor
Paul Guilfoyle as Floyd
David Hughes as Frank
Cliff Clark as City Man
Joseph Sawyer as Bookkeeper
Frank Faylen as Tim
Adrian Morris as Agent
Hollis Jewell as Muley's Son
Robert Homans as Spencer
Irving Bacon as Driver
Kitty McHugh as Mae
Tom Tyler as Deputy (uncredited)
Joe Bordeaux as Migrant (uncredited)
Novel[edit]
According to The New York Times, The Grapes of Wrath was the best-selling book of 1939 and 430,000 copies had been printed by February 1940.[4] In that month it won the National Book Award, favorite fiction book of 1939, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.[4] Soon it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.[5]
In 1962, the Nobel Prize committee cited The Grapes of Wrath as a "great work" and as one of the committee's main reasons for granting Steinbeck the Nobel Prize for Literature.[6] Time magazine included the novel in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005".[7] In 2009, The Daily Telegraph also included the novel in its "100 novels everyone should read".[8] In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Grapes of Wrath tenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
Differences from the novel[edit]
The first part of the film follows the book fairly closely. However, the second half and the ending in particular are significantly different from the book. While the book ends with the downfall and break-up of the Joad family, the film switches the order of sequences so that the family ends up in a "good" camp provided by the government, and events turn out relatively well.[9]
The novel's original ending was considered far too controversial to be included in the film.[citation needed] In the novel, Rose-of-Sharon ("Rosasharn") Rivers (played in the film by Dorris Bowdon) gives birth to a stillborn baby. Later she offers her milk-filled breasts to a starving man, dying in a barn. These scenes were not included in the film.
While the film is somewhat stark, it has a more optimistic and hopeful view than the novel, especially when the Joads land at the Department of Agriculture camp – the clean camp.[citation needed] Also, the producers decided to tone down Steinbeck's political references, such as eliminating a monologue using a land owner's description of "reds" as anybody "that wants thirty cents an hour when we're payin' twenty-five," to show that under the prevalent conditions that definition applies to every migrant worker looking for better wages.
The film emphasizes Ma Joad's pragmatic, forward-looking way of dealing with their situation despite Tom's departure, as it concludes with her spiritual "We're the people" speech.[citation needed][10]
Ivy and Sairy Wilson, who attend to Grandpa's death and travel with the Joads until they reach California, are left out of the movie. Noah's departure from the family is passed over in the movie. Instead, he simply disappears without explanation. In the book, Floyd tells Tom about how the workers were being exploited, but in the movie he does not appear until after the deputy arrives in Hooverville. Sandry, the religious fanatic who scares Rose of Sharon, is left out of the movie.
Vivian Sobchack argued that the film uses visual imagery to focus on the Joads as a family unit, whereas the novel focuses on their journey as a part of the "family of man". She points out that their farm is never shown in detail, and that the family members are never shown working in agriculture; not a single peach is shown in the entire film. This subtly serves to focus the film on the specific family, as opposed to the novel's focus on man and land together.[11]
In the film, most family members are either reduced, such as Al, Noah and Uncle John, to background characters or, like Rose of Sharon and Connie, to being the focus of only one or two relatively minor scenes. Instead, the film is largely concerned with Tom, Ma and, to a lesser extent, Jim Casy. Thus, despite the film's focus on the Joads as a specific family rather than a part of the "family of man", the movie explores very little of the members of the family itself.
Soundtrack[edit]
Henry Fonda – "Red River Valley"
Eddie Quillan – "Going Down the Road Feeling Bad" (Traditional)
"A Tisket, A Tasket" (Words & music by Ella Fitzgerald & Van Alexander)
Production[edit]
According to critic Roger Ebert, both executive producer Darryl F. Zanuck and director John Ford were odd choices to make this film because both were considered politically conservative.[12] Zanuck was nervous about the left-wing political views of the novel, especially the ending. Due to the red-baiting common to the era, Darryl Zanuck sent private investigators to Oklahoma to help him legitimize the film.
When Zanuck's investigators found that the "Okies'" predicament was indeed terrible, Zanuck was confident he could defend political attacks that the film was somehow pro-Communist.[13] Ebert believes that World War II also helped sell the film's message, as Communism received a brief respite from American demonizing during that period.[12]
Production on the film began on October 4, 1939, and was completed on November 16, 1939. Some of the filming locations include: McAlester, Sayre both in Oklahoma; Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, and Santa Rosa, all in New Mexico; Lamont, Needles, San Fernando Valley, all in California; Topock, Petrified Forest National Park, all in Arizona.[14]
The film score by Alfred Newman is based on the song "Red River Valley". Additionally, the song "Goin' Down The Road Feelin' Bad" is sung in a nighttime scene at a labor camp.
The film premiered in New York City on January 24, 1940, and Los Angeles on January 27, 1940. The wide release date in the United States was March 15, 1940.
Originally allowed to be shown in the Soviet Union in 1948 because of its depiction of the plight of people under capitalism, it was subsequently withdrawn because audiences were noticing that, as shown in the film, even the poorest Americans could afford a car.[15]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Frank Nugent of The New York Times wrote:
In the vast library where the celluloid literature of the screen is stored there is one small, uncrowded shelf devoted to the cinema's masterworks, to those films which by dignity of theme and excellence of treatment seem to be of enduring artistry, seem destined to be recalled not merely at the end of their particular year but whenever great motion pictures are mentioned. To that shelf of screen classics Twentieth Century-Fox yesterday added its version of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, adapted by Nunnally Johnson, directed by John Ford and performed at the Rivoli by a cast of such uniform excellence and suitability that we should be doing its other members an injustice by saying it was "headed" by Henry Fonda, Jane Darwell, John Carradine and Russell Simpson.[16]
When critic Bosley Crowther retired in 1967, he named The Grapes of Wrath one of the best fifty films ever made. (N.B.: 40 percent of the works Crowther named were not American-made, so he was placing this work in a large context.)[17]
In a film review written for Time magazine by its editor Whittaker Chambers, he separated his views of Steinbeck's novel from Ford's film, which he liked.
Chambers wrote:
But people who go to pictures for the sake of seeing pictures will see a great one. For The Grapes of Wrath is possibly the best picture ever made from a so-so book...Camera craft purged the picture of the editorial rash that blotched the Steinbeck book. Cleared of excrescences, the residue is a great human story which made thousands of people, who damned the novel's phony conclusions, read it. It is the saga of an authentic U.S. farming family who lose their land. They wander, they suffer, but they endure. They are never quite defeated, and their survival is itself a triumph.[18]
A review in Variety reported, "Here is outstanding entertainment, projected against a heart-rending sector of the American scene," concluding, "It possesses an adult viewpoint and its success may lead other producers to explore the rich field of contemporary life which films long have neglected and ignored."[19] John Mosher wrote in The New Yorker, "With a majesty never before so constantly sustained on any screen, the film never for an instant falters. Its beauty is of the sort found in the art of Burchfield, Benton and Curry, as the landscape and people involved belong to the world of these painters."[20]
The Film Daily year-end poll of 546 critics nationwide ranked The Grapes of Wrath as the second-best film of 1940, behind only Rebecca.[21]
Awards[edit]
Academy Awards wins (1941)[22]
Best Supporting Actress, Jane Darwell as Ma Joad.
Best Director, John Ford.
Academy Awards nominations (1941)
Best Actor in a Leading Role, Henry Fonda as Tom Joad.
Best Film Editing, Robert L. Simpson.
Best Picture, Darryl F. Zanuck and Nunnally Johnson.
Best Sound Recording, Edmund H. Hansen.
Best Writing Adapted Screenplay, Nunnally Johnson.
Other wins
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures: NBR Award; Best Picture- 1940.
New York Film Critics: NYFCC Award; Best Director, John Ford; Best Film- 1940.
Blue Ribbon Awards, Japan: Blue Ribbon Award Best Foreign Language Film, John Ford- 1963.
National Film Registry – 1989.
American Film Institute recognition
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – #21
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:
Tom Joad – #12 Hero
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes:
"Wherever there's a fight so hungry people can eat, I'll be there." – Nominated
100 Years...100 Cheers – #7
100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary) – #23
Video and DVD[edit]
Play media
The film's trailer
A video of the film was released in 1988 by Key Video (then a division of CBS/Fox).
Later it was released in video format on March 3, 1998 by 20th Century Fox on its Studio Classic series.
A DVD was released on April 6, 2004 by 20th Century Fox Entertainment. The DVD contains a special commentary track by scholars Joseph McBride and Susan Shillinglaw. It also includes various supplements: an A&E Network biography of Daryl F. Zanuck, outtakes, a gallery, Franklin D. Roosevelt lauds motion pictures at Academy featurette, Movietone news: three drought reports from 1934, etc.
See also[edit]
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 240, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 218, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Jump up ^ The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b "1939 Book Awards Given by Critics: Elgin Groseclose's 'Ararat' is Picked as Work Which Failed to Get Due Recognition", The New York Times, February 14, 1940, page 25. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851–2007).
Jump up ^ "Novel" (Winners 1917–1947). The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Osterling, Anders. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 – Presentation Speech". Retrieved February 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ "All Time 100 Novels". Time. October 16, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "100 novels everyone should read". The Daily Telegraph. January 16, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Grapes of Wrath". Movie. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath, 1939. Penguin Classics; Reissue edition October 1, 1992.
Jump up ^ Sobchack, Vivian C. (1979). "The Grapes of Wrath (1940): Thematic Emphasis Through Visual Style". American Quarterly. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 31 (5): 596–615. JSTOR 2712428. doi:10.2307/2712428.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger. Chicago Sun-Times, film review, March 21, 2002. Last accessed: January 14, 2007.
Jump up ^ Levy, Emanuel. "Film Review". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Filming locations. The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb.
Jump up ^ Whitfield, Stephen J. (2009). "Projecting Politics: The Grapes of Wrath". Revue LISA/LISA e-journal. VII (1): 121–147.
Jump up ^ Nugent, Frank S. The Grapes of Wrath (1940). The New York TimesJanuary 25, 1940. Last accessed: November 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crowther, Bosley. "The 50 Best Films of All Time" at the Wayback Machine (archived November 2, 2007). The New York Times, archived at Northern Essex Community College.
Jump up ^ Chambers, Whittaker (February 12, 1940). "Cinema: The New Pictures". Time. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grapes of Wrath". Variety. New York: Variety, Inc. January 31, 1940. p. 14.
Jump up ^ Mosher, John (February 3, 1940). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. New York: F-R Publishing Corp. p. 61.
Jump up ^ "'Rebecca' Wins Critics' Poll". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 1 January 14, 1941.
Jump up ^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Grapes of Wrath (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Grapes of Wrath (film)
The Grapes of Wrath at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb
The Grapes of Wrath at AllMovie
The Grapes of Wrath at the TCM Movie Database
The Grapes of Wrath at Rotten Tomatoes
The Grapes of Wrath at Film Site by Tim Dirks
The Grapes of Wrath video film review on YouTube by A. O. Scott (The New York Times)
[show]
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Films by John Ford
Silent films
The Tornado (1917)
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The Scrapper (1917)
Cheyenne's Pal (1917)
The Soul Herder (1917)
Straight Shooting (1917)
The Secret Man (1917)
A Marked Man (1917)
Bucking Broadway (1917)
The Phantom Riders (1918)
Wild Women (1918)
Thieves' Gold (1918)
The Scarlet Drop (1918)
Hell Bent (1918)
A Woman's Fool (1918)
The Craving (1918)
Three Mounted Men (1918)
Roped (1919)
The Fighting Brothers (1919)
A Fight for Love (1919)
Rustlers (1919)
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Gun Law (1919)
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The Gun Packer (1919)
Riders of Vengeance (1919)
The Last Outlaw (1919)
The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1919)
Ace of the Saddle (1919)
Rider of the Law (1919)
A Gun Fightin' Gentleman (1919)
Marked Men (1919)
The Prince of Avenue A (1920)
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Just Pals (1920)
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Desperate Trails (1921)
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Jackie (1921)
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Thank You (1925)
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The Shamrock Handicap (1926)
3 Bad Men (1926)
Upstream (1927)
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Strong Boy (1929)
Sound films
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The Brat (1931)
Arrowsmith (1931)
Air Mail (1932)
Pilgrimage (1933)
Doctor Bull (1933)
The Lost Patrol (1934)
The World Moves On (1934)
Judge Priest (1934)
The Whole Town's Talking (1935)
The Informer (1935)
Steamboat Round the Bend (1935)
The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936)
Mary of Scotland (1936)
The Plough and the Stars (1936)
Wee Willie Winkie (1937)
The Hurricane (1937)
Four Men and a Prayer (1938)
Submarine Patrol (1938)
Stagecoach (1939)
Young Mr. Lincoln (1939)
Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
The Long Voyage Home (1940)
Tobacco Road (1941)
How Green Was My Valley (1941)
They Were Expendable (1945)
My Darling Clementine (1946)
The Fugitive (1947)
Fort Apache (1948)
3 Godfathers (1948)
She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949)
When Willie Comes Marching Home (1950)
Wagon Master (1950)
Rio Grande (1950)
The Quiet Man (1952)
What Price Glory (1952)
The Sun Shines Bright (1953)
Mogambo (1953)
The Long Gray Line (1955)
Mister Roberts (co-d, 1955)
The Searchers (1956)
The Wings of Eagles (1957)
The Rising of the Moon (1957)
Gideon's Day (1958)
The Last Hurrah (1958)
The Horse Soldiers (1959)
Sergeant Rutledge (1960)
Two Rode Together (1961)
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)
How the West Was Won (1963)
Donovan's Reef (1963)
Cheyenne Autumn (1964)
7 Women (1966)
Television
"Rookie of the Year" (1955)
"The Colter Craven Story"
"Flashing Spikes" (1962)
Productions
The Iron Horse (1924)
The Blue Eagle (1926)
Mother Machree (1928)
Hangman's House (1928)
Riley the Cop (1928)
Salute (1929)
Flesh (1932)
The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938)
Young Cassidy (1965)
Documentaries
and training films
Torpedo Squadron
Sex Hygiene (1942)
The Battle of Midway (1942)
December 7th: The Movie (1943)
Undercover: How to Operate Behind Enemy Lines (1943)
This is Korea (1951)
Korea: Battleground for Liberty (1959)
Chesty: A Tribute to a Legend (1970)
Vietnam! Vietnam! (1971) (produced and co-wrote)
Related
Five Came Back (2017 documentary)
[show]
v
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John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
Characters
Tom Joad
Jim Casy
Grandpa William James Joad
Ruthie Joad
Connie Rivers
Muley Graves
Performances
The Grapes of Wrath (1940 film)
The Grapes of Wrath (1988 play)
The Grapes of Wrath (2007 opera)
Music
"The Ghost of Tom Joad"
Dust Bowl Ballads ("Tom Joad"
"Do Re Mi")
"Pastures of Plenty"
Dust and Dreams
Related
Great Depression
Dust Bowl
Blue Willow
"Over Logging"
"The Battle Hymn of the Republic"
[show]
v
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e
Works by John Steinbeck
Novels and
novellas
Cup of Gold (1929)
The Red Pony (1933)
To a God Unknown (1933)
Tortilla Flat (1935)
In Dubious Battle (1936)
Of Mice and Men (1937)
The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
The Moon Is Down (1942)
Cannery Row (1945)
The Wayward Bus (1947)
The Pearl (1947)
Burning Bright (1950)
East of Eden (1952)
Sweet Thursday (1954)
The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication (1957)
The Winter of Our Discontent (1961)
The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976)
Short story
collections
The Pastures of Heaven (1932)
The Long Valley (1938)
Screenplays
The Forgotten Village (1941)
The Pearl (1947)
The Red Pony (1949)
Viva Zapata! (1952)
Adaptations
Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men (1937 play)
Of Mice and Men (1939 film)
Of Mice and Men (1969 opera)
Of Mice and Men (1992 film)
Best Laid Plans (2012 film)
The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath (1940 film)
The Grapes of Wrath (1988 play)
The Grapes of Wrath (2007 opera)
The Red Pony
The Red Pony (1949 film)
The Red Pony (1949 film score)
The Red Pony (1973 film)
Other
Tortilla Flat (1942 film)
The Moon Is Down (1943 film)
La perla (The Pearl) (1947 film)
East of Eden (1955 film)
The Wayward Bus (1957 film)
East of Eden (1981 miniseries)
Cannery Row (1982 film)
The Winter of Our Discontent (1983 film)
In Dubious Battle (2016 film)
Non-fiction
Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research (1941)
Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team (1942)
A Russian Journal (1948)
The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951)
Once There Was a War (1958)
Travels with Charley (1962)
America and Americans (1966)
Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters (1969)
[show]
v
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Darryl F. Zanuck
Producer
Old San Francisco (1927)
The First Auto (1927)
The Jazz Singer (1927)
Tenderloin (1928)
The Show of Shows (1929)
Three Faces East (1930)
The Doorway to Hell (1931)
Little Caesar (1931)
Illicit (1931)
The Public Enemy (1931)
The Man Who Played God (1932)
The Rich Are Always with Us (1932)
Doctor X (1932)
Life Begins (1932)
The Cabin in the Cotton (1932)
Three on a Match (1932)
20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932)
Parachute Jumper (1933)
42nd Street (1933)
The Working Man' (1933)
Ex-Lady (1933)
The Bowery (1933)
Blood Money (1933)
Moulin Rouge (1934)
Looking for Trouble (1934)
Born to Be Bad (1934)
Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back (1934)
The Mighty Barnum (1934)
Folies Bergère de Paris (1935)
Les Misérables (1935)
Cardinal Richelieu (1935)
The Call of the Wild (1935)
Metropolitan (1935)
Thanks a Million (1935)
The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo (1935)
Professional Soldier (1935)
The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936)
It Had to Happen (1936)
A Message to Garcia (1936)
Under Two Flags (1936)
The Road to Glory (1936)
Poor Little Rich Girl (1936)
Sing, Baby, Sing (1936)
Pigskin Parade (1936)
Seventh Heaven (1937)
Slave Ship (1937)
Wee Willie Winkie (1937)
Wake Up and Live (1937)
Thin Ice (1937)
Lancer Spy (1937)
In Old Chicago (1937)
Happy Landing (1938)
International Settlement (1938)
Kentucky Moonshine
Always Goodbye (1938)
Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938)
Just Around the Corner (1938)
Little Miss Broadway (1938)
My Lucky Star (1938)
Submarine Patrol (1938)
Jesse James (1939)
Tail Spin (1939)
Wife, Husband and Friend (1939)
The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (1939)
Rose of Washington Square (1939)
Stanley and Livingstone (1939)
The Rains Came (1939)
Hollywood Cavalcade (1939)
Swanee River (1939)
The Little Princess (1939)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
Little Old New York (1940)
The Man I Married (1940)
The Return of Frank James (1940)
Brigham Young (1940)
Down Argentine Way (1940)
The Mark of Zorro (1940)
Hudson's Bay (1941)
Tobacco Road (1941)
The Great American Broadcast (1941)
Blood and Sand (1941)
A Yank in the R.A.F. (1941)
How Green Was My Valley (1942)
Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake (1942)
Sex Hygiene (Short) (1942)
To the Shores of Tripoli (1942)
This Above All (1942)
Thunder Birds (1942)
The Purple Heart (1944)
Wilson (1944)
Winged Victory (1944)
The Razor's Edge (1946)
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
Fury at Furnace Creek (1948)
The Snake Pit (1948)
Pinky (1949)
Twelve O'Clock High (1949)
No Way Out (1950)
All About Eve (1950)
David and Bathsheba (1951)
People Will Talk (1951)
Viva Zapata! (1952)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952)
The Egyptian (1954)
The View from Pompey's Head (1955)
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1956)
Island in the Sun (1957)
The Sun Also Rises (1957)
The Roots of Heaven (1958)
Crack in the Mirror (1960)
Sanctuary (1961)
The Big Gamble (1961)
The Longest Day (1962)
The Chapman Report (1962)
The Visit (1964)
Writer
as Mark Canfield
The Desired Woman (1927) (story)
Maybe It's Love (1930)
Baby Face (1933) (story)
Crack in the Mirror (1960)
as Melville Crossman
Tenderloin (story) (1928)
State Street Sadie (story) (1928)
Thanks a Million (story) (1935)
A Yank in the R.A.F. (story) (1941)
Thunder Birds (original story) (1942)
China Girl (story) (1942)
The Purple Heart (story) (1944)
as Gregory Rogers
Find Your Man (Rin Tin Tin story) (1924)
The Lighthouse by the Sea (Rin Tin Tin story) (1924)
Three Weeks in Paris (story, screenplay as Darryl Zanuck) (1925)
The Midnight Taxi (story) (1928)
as self
A Broadway Butterfly (1925)
Red Hot Tires (1925)
Hogan's Alley (1925)
The Caveman (scenario) (1926)
The Little Irish Girl (adaptation) (1926)
The Social Highwayman (1926)
Footloose Widows (1926)
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The Better 'Ole (screenplay) (1926)
Tracked by the Police (Rin Tin Tin story) (1927)
Old San Francisco (1927)
The First Auto (story) (1927)
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VIAF: 195085420
GND: 4264655-8
SUDOC: 178660639
BNF: cb120058434 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)&oldid=804726535"
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The Grapes of Wrath
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