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Kellogg's
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For other uses, see Kellogg (disambiguation).
Kellogg Company
Kellogg's headquarters
Type
Public
Traded as
NYSE: K
S&P 500 Component
Industry
Food processing
Founded
February 19, 1906; 112 years ago (1906-02-19) (as Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company)
Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S.
Founder
Will Keith Kellogg
Headquarters
Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Steven Cahillane
(Chairman & CEO)
Products
Cereals
Cookies
Crackers
Toaster pastries
Cereal bars
Fruit-flavored snacks
Frozen waffles
Vegetarian foods
Brands
Eggo
Gardenburger
Pringles
Sunshine Biscuits
Revenue
US$ 14.792 billion (2013)[1]
US$14.8 billion[2] (2014)
Operating income
US$ 1.562 billion[1] (2012)
Net income
US$ 1.807 billion[1] (2013)
Total assets
US$ 15.474 billion[1] (2013)
Total equity
US$ 3.607 billion[1] (2013)
Number of employees
33,577[3] (2016)
Subsidiaries
Kashi
Keebler Company
Bear Naked, Inc.
Rxbar
Website
kelloggs.com
kelloggcompany.com
Kellogg's Cafe, Union Square (Manhattan)
Kellogg's, doing business as The Kellogg Company, is an American multinational food-manufacturing company headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States. Kellogg's produces cereal and convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, and toaster pastries and markets their products by several well known brands including Corn Flakes, Keebler, and Cheez-It. Kellogg's mission statement is "Nourishing families so they can flourish and thrive."[4]
Kellogg's products are manufactured in 18 countries and marketed in over 180 countries.[5] Kellogg's largest factory is at Trafford Park in Trafford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, which is also the location of its European headquarters.[6] Other corporate office locations outside of Battle Creek include Chicago, Dublin, Shanghai, and Querétaro City.[7] Kellogg's holds a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II and the Prince of Wales.[8]
Contents
1 History
2 Products
2.1 Cereal
2.2 Discontinued cereals and foods
3 Marketing
3.1 Premiums and prizes
3.1.1 Children's premiums
3.1.2 Cereal box prizes
3.2 Mascots
3.3 Motorsports
3.4 Merchandising
3.5 Olympic Games
4 Controversies
4.1 Questionable nutritional Value
4.2 2010 cereal recall
4.3 2012 cereal recall
4.4 Advertising claims
4.5 Human right violations of palm oil in 2016
5 Political involvement
6 Operations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
First Kellogg's package
Kellogg's was founded as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company on February 19, 1906, by Will Keith Kellogg as an outgrowth of his work with his brother John Harvey Kellogg at the Battle Creek Sanitarium following practices based on the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the Kellogg Company in 1922.[not verified in body]
In 1930, the Kellogg Company announced that most of its factories would shift towards 30-hour work weeks, from the usual 40. W.K. Kellogg stated that he did this so that an additional shift of workers would be employed in an effort to support people through the depression era. This practice remained until World War II, and continued briefly after the war, although some departments and factories remained locked into 30-hour work weeks until 1980.[9]
From 1969 to 1977, Kellogg's acquired various small businesses including Salada Foods, Fearn International, Mrs. Smith's Pies, Eggo, and Pure Packed Foods;[10] however, it was later criticized for not diversifying further like General Mills and Quaker Oats were. After underspending its competition in marketing and product development, Kellogg's U.S. market share hit a low 36.7% in 1983. A prominent Wall Street analyst called it "a fine company that's past its prime" and the cereal market was being regarded as "mature". Such comments stimulated Kellogg chairman William E. LaMothe to improve, which primarily involved approaching the demographic of 80 million baby boomers rather than marketing children-oriented cereals. In emphasizing cereal's convenience and nutritional value, Kellogg's helped persuade U.S. consumers age 25 to 49 to eat 26% more cereal than people of that age ate five years prior. The U.S. ready-to-eat cereal market, worth $3.7 billion at retail in 1983, totaled $5.4 billion by 1988 and had expanded three times as fast as the average grocery category. Kellogg's also introduced new products including Crispix, Raisin Squares, and Nutri-Grain Biscuits and reached out internationally with Just Right aimed at Australians and Genmai Flakes for Japan. During this time, the company maintained success over its top competitors: General Mills, which largely marketed children's cereals, and Post, which had difficulty in the adult cereal market.[11]
In March 2001, Kellogg's made its largest acquisition, the Keebler Company. Over the years, it has also gone on to acquire Morningstar Farms and Kashi divisions or subsidiaries. Kellogg's also owns the Bear Naked, Natural Touch, Cheez-It, Murray, Austin cookies and crackers, Famous Amos, Gardenburger (acquired 2007), and Plantation brands. Presently, Kellogg's is a member of the World Cocoa Foundation.
In 2012, Kellogg's became the world's second-largest snack food company (after PepsiCo) by acquiring the potato crisps brand Pringles from Procter & Gamble for $2.7 billion in a cash deal.[12]
In 2017, Kellogg's acquired Chicago-based food company Rxbar for $600 million.[13] Earlier that year, Kellogg's also opened new corporate office space in Chicago's Merchandise Mart for its global growth and IT departments.[14]
In 2018, Kellogg decided to cease their operations in Venezuela due the economic crisis the country is facing.[15]
Products[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Bear Naked, Inc.
Chips Deluxe
Cheez-It Crackers
Eggo
Famous Amos
Fruit Winders
Fruity Snacks
Kashi (company)
Keebler Company
Krave
Mother's Cookies
Morningstar Farms
Club Crackers
Little Brownie Bakers (producer of Girl Scout Cookies)
Murray Cookies, founded in Augusta, Georgia in 1940 as the Murray Biscuit Company, by John L. Murray and son John L. Murray Jr, known today for their line of sugar free cookies[16][17]
Nutri-Grain
Pop-Tarts
Pringles
Rxbar
Sunshine Biscuits
Town House
Zesta Crackers
Cereal[edit]
Advertisement, 1910s
A list of cereal products produced by Kellogg's, with available varieties:
All-Bran: All-Bran Original, All-Bran Bran Buds, All-Bran Bran Flakes (UK), All-Bran Extra Fiber, All-Bran Guardian (Canada)
Apple Jacks
Apple Jacks Apple vs Cinnamon Limited Edition
Apple Jacks 72 Flavor Blast (Germany)
Bran Buds (New Zealand)
Bran Flakes
Chocos (India, Europe)
Chocolate Corn Flakes: a chocolate version of Corn Flakes. First sold in the UK in 1998 (as Choco Corn Flakes or Choco Flakes), but discontinued a few years later. Re-released in 2011.
Cinnabon
Cinnamon Mini Buns
Coco Pops Coco Rocks
Coco Pops Special Edition Challenger Spaceship
Coco Pops Crunchers
Coco Pops Mega Munchers
Coco Pops Moons and Stars
Cocoa Krispies or Coco Pops (also called Choco Pops in France, Choco Krispies in Portugal, Spain, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, Choco Krispis in Latin America)
Cocoa Flakes
Corn Flakes
Complete Wheat Bran Flakes/Bran Flakes
Corn Pops
Country Store
Crispix
Crunch: Caramel Nut Crunch, Cran-Vanilla Crunch, Toasted Honey Crunch
Crunchy Nut (formerly Crunchy Nut Cornflakes)
Crunch Nut Bran
Cruncheroos
Disney cereals: Disney Hunny B's Honey-Graham, Disney Mickey's Magix, Disney Mud & Bugs, Pirates of the Caribbean, Disney Princess
Eggo
Extra (Muesli): Fruit and Nut, Fruit Magic, Nut Delight
Froot Loops: Froot Loops, Froot Loops 1⁄3 Less Sugar, Marshmallow Froot Loops, Froot Bloopers
Frosted Flakes (Frosties outside of the US/Canada): Kellogg's Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Frosted Flakes 1⁄3Kellogg's Banana Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Birthday Confetti Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Cocoa Frosted Flakes, Less Sugar, Tony's Cinnamon Krunchers
Frosted Mini-Wheats (known in the UK as Toppas until the early 1990s, when the name was changed to Frosted Wheats. The name Toppas is still applied to this product in other parts of Europe, as in Germany and Austria)
Fruit Harvest: Fruit Harvest Apple Cinnamon, Fruit Harvest Peach Strawberry, Fruit Harvest Strawberry Blueberry
Fruit 'n Fibre (not related to the Post cereal of the same name sold in the US)
Fruit Winders (UK)
Genmai Flakes (Japan)
Guardian (Australia, NZ, Canada)
Honey Loops (formerly Honey Nut Loops)
Honey Nut Corn Flakes
Honey Smacks (US)/Smacks (other markets)
Jif Peanut Butter Cereal (US only)
Just Right: Just Right Original, Just Right Fruit & Nut, Just Right Just Grains, Just Right Tropical, Just Right Berry & Apple, Just Right Crunchy Blends – Cranberry, Almond & Sultana (Australia/NZ), Just Right Crunchy Blends – Apple, Date & Sultana (Australia/NZ)
Kombos
Krave (Discontinued in the UK, US, Italy. Was returned to the European market in 2011, and to the US market in 2012)
Komplete (Australia)
Low-Fat Granola: Low-Fat Granola, Low-Fat Granola with Raisins
Mini Max
Mini Swirlz
Mini-Wheats: Mini-Wheats Frosted Original, Mini-Wheats Frosted Bite Size, Mini-Wheats Frosted Maple & Brown Sugar, Mini-Wheats Raisin, Mini-Wheats Strawberry, Mini-Wheats Vanilla Creme, Mini-Wheats Strawberry Delight, Mini-Wheats Blackcurrant
Mueslix: Mueslix with Raisins, Dates & Almonds
Nutri-Grain
Nut Feast
Oat Bran: Cracklin' Oat Bran
Optivita
Raisin Bran/Sultana Bran: Raisin Bran, Raisin Bran Crunch, Sultana Bran (Australia/NZ), Sultana Bran Crunch (Australia/NZ)
Raisin Wheats
Rice Krispies/Rice Bubbles: Rice Krispies, Frosted Rice Krispies (Ricicles in the UK), Gluten Free Rice Krispies, Rice Bubbles, LCMs, Rice Krispies Cocoa (Canada only), Rice Crispies Multi-Grain Shapes, Rice Krispies Treats Cereal[18]
Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Chocolatey Almond cereal
Scooby-Doo cereal: Cinnamon Marshmallow Scooby-Doo! Cereal
Smart Start: Smart Start, Smart Start Soy Protein Cereal
Smorz
Special K: Special K, Special K low carb lifestyle, Special K Red Berries, Special K Vanilla Almond, Special K Honey & Almond (Australia), Special K Forest Berries (Australia), Special K Purple Berries (UK), Special K Light Muesli Mixed Berries & Apple (Australia/NZ), Special K Light Muesli Peach & Mango flavour (Australia/NZ), Special K Dark Chocolate (Belgium), Special K Milk Chocolate (Belgium), Special K Sustain (UK)
Spider-Man cereal: Spider-Man Spidey-Berry
SpongeBob SquarePants cereal
Strawberry Pops (South Africa)
Super Mario Cereal
Sustain: Sustain, Sustain Selection
Tresor (Europe)
Variety
Vector (Canada only)
Yeast bites with honey
Kringelz (formerly known as ZimZ!): mini cinnamon-flavored spirals. Only sold in Germany and Austria[19][20]
Discontinued cereals and foods[edit]
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Banana Bubbles
Banana-flavoured variation of Rice Krispies. First appeared in the UK in 1995, but discontinued shortly thereafter.
Banana Frosted Flakes
Bart Simpson's No Problem-O's and Bart Simpson's Eat My Shorts
Sold in the UK for a limited period
Bart Simpson Peanut Butter Chocolate Crunch Cereal[21]
Bigg Mixx cereal[21]
Buckwheat & Maple [22]
Buzz Blasts (based on Buzz Lightyear from the Toy Story movies)[21]
C-3PO's cereal: Introduced in 1984 and inspired by the multi-lingual droid from Star Wars, the cereal called itself "a New (crunchy) Force at Breakfast" and was composed of "twin rings phased together for two crunches in every double-O". In other words, they were shaped like the digit 8. After severing the cereal's ties to Star Wars, the company renamed it Pro-Grain and promoted it with sports-oriented commercials.
Chocolate Mud & Bugs[21]
Cinnamon Crunch Crispix
Cinnamon Mini-Buns
Cocoa Hoots: Manufactured briefly in the early 1970s, this cereal resembled Cheerios but was chocolate-flavored. The mascot was a cartoon character named Newton the Owl, and one of its commercials featured a young Jodie Foster.
Coco Pops Strawss
Complete Oat Bran Flakes
Concentrate[23]
Corn Flakes with Instant Bananas
Corn Soya cereal
Crunchy Loggs[21]
Double Dip Crunch[18]
Eggo Waf-Fulls
Frosted Krispies
Frosted Rice: This was a combination of Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies, using Rice Krispies with frosting on them. Tony Jr. was the brand's mascot.
Fruity Marshmallow Krispies
Golden Crackles
Golden Oatmeal Crunch (later revised to Golden Crunch)
Gro-Pup Dog Food and Dog Biscuits
Heartwise (which contained psyllium, an Indian-grown grain used as a laxative and cholesterol-reducer)[24]
Homer's Cinnamon Donut Cereal (based on The Simpsons TV cartoon)[21]
Kenmei Rice Bran cereal[25]
KOMBOs (orange, strawberry and chocolate flavors)[21][26]
Kream Krunch
Krumbles cereal:[27] Manufactured approximately from the 1920s to the mid 1960s; based on shreds of wheat but different from shredded wheat in texture. Unlike the latter, it tended to remain crisp in milk. In the Chicago area, Krumbles was available into the late 1960s. It was also high in fiber, although that attribute was not in vogue at the time.
Marshmallow Krispies (later revised to Fruity Marshmallow Krispies)[18]
Most
Mr. T's Muscle Crunch (1983–1985)
Nut & Honey Crunch[21]
OJ's ("All the Vitamin C of a 4-oz. Glass of Orange Juice")[28]
OKs cereal (early 1960s): Oat-based cereal physically resembling the competing brand Cheerios, with half the OKs shaped like letter O's and the other half shaped like K's, but did not taste like Cheerios. OKs originally featured Big Otis, a giant, burly Scotsman, on the box; this was replaced by the more familiar Yogi Bear.
Pep: Best remembered as the sponsor of the Superman radio serial.
Pokémon Cereal: A limited edition cereal that contained marshmallow shapes in the forms of Gen I Pokémon Pikachu, Oddish, Poliwhirl and Ditto. They later returned with marshmallows formed like Cleffa, Wobbuffet and Pichu for a short time.
Pop-Tarts Crunch[18]
Powerpuff Girls Cereal
Product 19: Discontinued in 2016
Puffa Puffa Rice (late 1960s–early 1970s)
Raisin Squares[29]
Raisins Rice and Rye[30]
Razzle Dazzle Rice Krispies
Sugar Stars/Stars/All-Stars cereal
Strawberry Rice Krispies
Strawberry Splitz
3 Point Pops[31]
Tony's Cinnamon Krunchers[21]
Tony's Turboz
Triple Snack[26]
Woody Woodpecker cereal
Yogos: Discontinued in 2011
Yogos (Berry, Mango, Strawberry, 72 Flavor Blast (Germany), Cookies and Cream, Tacos (Mexico))
Yogos Rollers: Discontinued in 2009
Start (UK)
Marketing[edit]
Kellogg's Sans (typeface used by Kellogg's)
Various methods have been used in the company's history to promote the company and its brands. Foremost among these is the design of the Kellogg's logo by Ferris Crane under the art direction of famed type guru Y. Ames. Another was the well-remembered jingle "K E double-L, O double-good, Kellogg's best to you!"
Kellogg's was a major sponsor throughout the run of the hit CBS panel show What's My Line?[32] It and its associated products Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies were also major sponsors for the PBS Kids children's animated series Dragon Tales.[33]
Kellogg's is a sponsor of USA Gymnastics and produces the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics, a 36-city tour held after the Olympic games and featuring performances by recent medal-winning gymnasts from the United States.[34]
Premiums and prizes[edit]
W.K. Kellogg was the first to introduce prizes in boxes of cereal. The marketing strategy that he established has produced thousands of different cereal box prizes that have been distributed by the tens of billions.[35]
Children's premiums[edit]
Kellogg's Corn Flakes had the first cereal premium with The Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Book. The book was originally available as a prize that was given to the customer in the store with the purchase of two packages of the cereal.[36] But in 1909, Kellogg's changed the book giveaway to a premium mail-in offer for the cost of a dime. Over 2.5 million copies of the book were distributed in different editions over a period of 23 years.[37]
Cereal box prizes[edit]
In 1945, Kellogg's inserted a prize in the form of pin-back buttons into each box of Pep cereal. Pep pins have included U.S. Army squadrons as well as characters from newspaper comics and were available through 1947. There were five series of comic characters and 18 different buttons in each set, with a total of 90 in the collection.[35] Other manufacturers of major brands of cereal, including General Mills, Malt-O-Meal, Nestlé, Post Foods, and Quaker Oats, followed suit and inserted prizes into boxes of cereal to promote sales and brand loyalty.
Mascots[edit]
Licensed brands have been omitted since the corresponding mascots would be obvious (e.g. Spider-Man is the mascot for Spider-Man Spidey-Berry).
Cocoa Hoots cereal: Newton the Owl
Cocoa Krispies cereal (Known as Choco Krispis in Latin America, Choco Krispies in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, Chocos in India, and Coco Pops in Australia, the UK, and Europe): Jose (monkey), Coco (monkey), Melvin (elephant), Snagglepuss (Hanna-Barbera character), Ogg (caveman), Tusk (elephant), and Snap, Crackle and Pop (who were also, and remain as of February 2014, the Rice Krispies mascots; see below)
Corn Flakes cereal: Cornelius (rooster)
Frosted Flakes (known as Frosties outside the US/Canada, Zucaritas in Latin America and Sucrilhos in Brazil) cereal: Tony the Tiger
Froot Loops cereal: Toucan Sam
Honey Smacks (US)/Smacks (other markets) cereal: Dig 'Em Frog
Raisin Bran cereal: Sunny the Sun
Rice Krispies (known as Rice Bubbles in Australia) cereal: Snap, Crackle and Pop
Ricicles (UK Only) cereal: Captain Rik
Apple Jacks cereal: CinnaMon and Bad Apple
Honey Loops cereal: Loopy (bumblebee), Pops (honey bee)
Keebler cookies and crackers : Ernie and the Elves
Motorsports[edit]
Kellogg's made its first foray into auto racing between 1991 and 1992 when the company sponsored the #41 Chevrolets fielded by Larry Hedrick Motorsports in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series and driven by Phil Parsons, Dave Marcis, Greg Sacks, Hut Stricklin, and Richard Petty, but they gained greater prominence for their sponsorship of 2-time Winston Cup Champion Terry Labonte from 1993 to 2006, the last 12 years of that as the sponsor for Hendrick Motorsports' #5 car. Kellogg's sponsored the #5 for Labonte, Kyle Busch, Casey Mears, and Mark Martin until 2010, and it then served as an associate sponsor for Carl Edwards' #99 car for Roush Fenway Racing.
Kellogg's placed Dale Earnhardt on Kellogg's Corn Flakes boxes for 1993 six-time Winston Cup champ and 1994 seven-time Winston Cup champ, as well as Jeff Gordon on the Mini Wheats box for the 1993 rookie of the year, 1995 Brickyard 400 inaugural race, 1997 Champion, and 1998 three-time champ, and a special three-pack racing box set with Dale Earnhardt, Jeff Gordon, Terry Labonte, and Dale Jarrett in 1996.
Merchandising[edit]
Kellogg's has used some merchandising for their products. Kellogg's once released Mission Nutrition, a PC game that came free with special packs of cereal. It played in a similar fashion as Donkey Kong Country; users could play as Tony the Tiger, Coco the Monkey, or Snap, Crackle, and Pop. Kellogg's has also released "Talking" games. The two current versions are Talking Tony and Talking Sam. In these games, a microphone is used to play games and create voice commands for their computers. In Talking Tony, Tony the Tiger, one of Kellogg's most famous mascots, would be the main and only character in the game. In Talking Sam, Toucan Sam, another famous mascot, would be in the game, instead. Some [toy cars] have the Kellogg's logo on them, and occasionally their mascots.
There was also a Talking Snap Crackle and Pop software.
Olympic Games[edit]
Kellogg's frequently partners with the Olympic Games to feature American athletes from the Olympic Games on the packages of their cereal brands.[38] In 2017, the company announced its marketing campaign for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games featuring American athletes Nathan Chen, Kelly Clark, Meghan Duggan and Mike Schultz.[39]
Controversies[edit]
Questionable nutritional Value[edit]
Some of Kellogg's marketing has been questioned in the press, prompted by an increase in consumer awareness of the mismatch between the marketing messages and the products themselves.[40]
Food bloggers are also questioning the marketing methods used by cereal manufacturing companies such as Kellogg's, due to their high sugar content and use of ingredients such as high-fructose corn syrup.[41]
2010 cereal recall[edit]
On June 25, the company voluntarily began to recall about 28 million boxes of Apple Jacks, Corn Pops, Froot Loops and Honey Smacks because of an unusual smell and flavor from the packages' liners that could make people ill. Kellogg's said about 20 people complained about the cereals, including five who reported nausea and vomiting. Consumers reported the cereal smelled or tasted waxy or like metal or soap. Company spokeswoman J. Adaire Putnam said some described it as tasting stale. However, no serious health problems had been reported.[42]
The suspected chemical that caused the illnesses was 2-methylnaphthalene, used in the cereal packaging process. Little is known about 2-methylnaphthalene's impact on human health as the Food and Drug Administration has no scientific data on its impact on humans, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also does not have health and safety data. This is despite the EPA having sought information on it from the chemical industry for 16 years. 2-Methylnaphthalene is a component of crude oil and is "structurally related to naphthalene, an ingredient in mothballs and toilet-deodorant blocks" that the EPA considers a possible human carcinogen.[43][44]
Kellogg's offered consumers refunds in the meantime.[citation needed] Only products with the letters "KN" following the use-by date were included in the recall. The products were distributed throughout the U.S. and began arriving in stores in late March 2010. Products in Canada were not affected.[citation needed]
2012 cereal recall[edit]
Kellogg's issued a voluntary recall of some of its "Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size Original" and "Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size" products due to the possibility of flexible metal mesh fragments in the food. The affected products varied in size from single-serving bowls to large 70-ounce cartons. Use-by dates printed on the recalled packages ranged from April 1, 2013, to September 21, 2013, and were accompanied by the letters KB, AP or FK.[45]
Advertising claims[edit]
We expect more from a great American company than making dubious claims—not once, but twice—that its cereals improve children's health...
—Jon Leibowitz, Chairman of the F.T.C.[46]
On June 3, 2010, Kellogg's was found to be making unsubstantiated and misleading claims in advertising their cereal products by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).[46][47][48]
Kellogg's responded by stating "We stand behind the validity of our product claims and research, so we agreed to an order that covers those claims. We believe that the revisions to the existing consent agreement satisfied any remaining concerns."[48]
The FTC had previously found fault with Kellogg's claims that Frosted Mini-Wheats cereal improved kids' attentiveness by nearly 20%.[49]
The Children's Advertising Review Unit of the Council of Better Business Bureaus has also suggested that the language on Kellogg Pop-Tarts packages saying the pastries are "Made with Real Fruit" should be taken off the products.[50] In July 2012, the UK banned a "Special K" advertisement due to its citing caloric values that did not take into account the caloric value of milk consumed with the cereal.[51] In 2016 an ad telling UK consumers that Special K is “full of goodness” and “nutritious” was banned.[52]
Human right violations of palm oil in 2016[edit]
According to Amnesty International in 2016, Kellogg's palm oil provider Wilmar International profited from 8 to 14-year-old child labor and forced labor. Some workers were extorted, threatened or not paid for work. Some workers suffered severe injuries from chemicals such as Paraquat.[53][54] Kellogg's alleged not being aware of the child abuses due to traceability; Amnesty's human rights director replied that "Using mealy-mouthed excuses about 'traceability' is a total cop-out."[55]
Political involvement[edit]
Kellogg's donated around US$2 million opposing California Proposition 37, a 2012 ballot initiative that, if enacted, would have required compulsory labeling of genetically engineered food products.[56] In March of 2016, though, they vowed to label all of their products with genetically modified organisms as such by 2020.[57] In January 2012, Kellogg's gave the Calhoun School a $250,000 grant for a "three-part youth-based project on issues of white privilege and institutionalized racism".[58] In August 2014, Kellogg's called on the President to support the Paris Agreement on climate change.[59] In 2016, Kellogg Company urged President-elect Donald Trump to "continue the Paris Climate Agreement".[60] Kellogg's has donated to notable groups opposing voter-ID laws, such as the Applied Research Center (now RaceForward).[61] The company also decided to remove their advertisements from the Breitbart News website.[62] Breitbart News in turn called for a boycott of Kellogg's products.[63]
Operations[edit]
The Trafford Park factory in Greater Manchester, England—Kellogg's European base since 1938.[6] The factory produces more cornflakes than any other Kellogg's factory in the world.[64]
Australia:
Pagewood[65]
Charmhaven (snack and cereal plant closed in 2014.)[66]
Belgium: Zaventem & Mechelen plant
Brazil: São Paulo
Colombia: Bogota
Ecuador: Guayaquil
Canada:
Mississauga, Ontario – Canadian head office
Anjou, Quebec – Eastern Canada sales office
Calgary, Alberta – Western Canada sales office
London, Ontario – manufacturers and distributes cereals (including Corn Flakes) in Canada. Closed at end of 2014,[67]
Belleville, Ontario – cereal production plant opened 2009 and upgraded 2011; took over some operations from London after 2014
China: Shanghai – Joint venture with agribusiness and food company Yihai Kerry
France: Noisy-le-Grand, Paris[68]
Germany: Bremen[69]
India: Mumbai
Republic of Ireland: Kellogg Europe Trading, Swords, Dublin[69]
Italy: Milan
Japan: Shinjuku, Tokyo[70]
Malaysia: Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan[71][72]
Mexico: Querétaro
Middle East[73]
Israel: Lod
Saudi Arabia: Jeddah
UAE: Dubai
Kuwait: Kuwait City
Bahrain: Manama
Oman: Azaiba, Muscat
Lebanon: Beirut
Jordan: Amman
Qatar: Doha
Syria: Damascus
Egypt: Giza
Libya: Tripoli
Iran: Tehran
Netherlands: Den Bosch[74][75]
Philippines: Alaska Milk Corporation[76]
Poland: Kutno[77]
Portugal: Lisbon
Russia: Kellogg Rus LLC[69]
South Africa: Springs[78]
South Korea: Seoul
Spain: Valls[69]
Sri Lanka: Colombo; Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
Thailand: Bangkok, Rayong (snacks and cereals)
United Kingdom:
England: Manchester[69]
Scotland: Portable Foods Manufacturing Livingston[69]
Wales: Wrexham including Portable Foods Manufacturing[69]
United States: Battle Creek, Michigan
Morocco
See also[edit]
Companies portal
Food portal
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Kellogg's Cereal City USA – a former tourist attraction in Battle Creek, Michigan focused on the company's history
List of breakfast cereals
Toucan Sam#Maya Archaeology Initiative for a 2011 trademark dispute over another organization's toucan logo
A. D. David Mackay
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "10 companies that control the world's food". MarketWatch. September 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Company 2015 Annual Report Form 10-K" (PDF). January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Our Vision & Purpose". Kelloggcompany.com. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Company Fact Sheet (PDF)" (PDF). kelloggcompany.com. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Global brand, local values". Manchester Evening News. May 27, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Our Locations". www.kelloggcareers.com. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Marketing & Sales Co (UK) Ltd | Royal Warrant Holders Association". www.royalwarrant.org. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jeffrey Kaplan (May–June 2008). "The Gospel of Consumption". Retrieved June 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kellogg Company FundingUniverse.com. Retrieved on 7-18-09.
Jump up ^ Sellers, Patricia (August 29, 1988). "HOW KING KELLOGG BEAT THE BLAHS". Fortune. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg to buy Pringles for $2.7 billion". Reuters. February 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wilkins, Peter. "What $600M RXBar Acquisition By Kellogg's Says About Chicago's Simple Food And Beverage Industry". Forbes. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Trotter, Ryan Ori, Greg. "Kellogg opens 50-employee Merchandise Mart office". chicagotribune.com.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Says It's Discontinuing Venezuela Operations". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Murray Sugar Free : About Us". Murraysugarfree.com. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Murray : The Cookie and Cracker People : Homepage". Murraysugarfree.com. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Comedy News, Viral Videos, Late Night TV, Political Humor, Funny Slideshows – HuffPost Comedy". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kelloggs.at
Jump up ^ Kelloggs.de
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "A Tribute to Discontinued Cereals". Gunaxin Grub.
Jump up ^ The Ottawa Journal. March 8, 1975 https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/48500058/
Jump up ^ "Concentrate Cereal – MrBreakfast.com". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ "Heartwise (Kellogg's): Heartwise Cereal Box". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ "26 Cereals From The '90s You'll Never Be Able To Eat Again". BuzzFeed.
^ Jump up to: a b "Breakfast cereal mascots: Beloved and bizarre". cbsnews.com.
Jump up ^ "Krumbles Cereal – MrBreakfast.com". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ "Chiller – Scary Good". fearnet.com.
Jump up ^ "Raisin Squares Cereal – MrBreakfast.com". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ "Raisins Rice & Rye Cereal – MrBreakfast.com". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ "3 Point Pops Cereal – MrBreakfast.com". mrbreakfast.com.
Jump up ^ Robbins, David (April 29, 2014). "What's My Line?: A Treasure Trove". Retrieved December 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "CTW – Dragon Tales – Fun & Games! (see bottom-of-page information)". Archived from the original on June 20, 2000. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions". Kelloggstour.com. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Rod Taylor (September 1, 2003). "Kelloggs history, William Keith (W. K.) Kellogg legacy | Promotional Marketing content from Chief Marketer". Promomagazine.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Phil Ament. "Corn Flakes History – Invention of Kellogg's Corn Flakes". Ideafinder.com. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's Offers First Cereal Premium Prize". Timelines.com. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Simone Biles and the Final Five Land a Cereal Box—And It's Not Wheaties". Time. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's Olympic Push Begins Well Before the Winter Games". Retrieved January 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ The Age. "Parents fed up with junk food ads". The Age. November 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Richard Enion. "Do Kellogg's Really Care About You?". Richeats.tv, November 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's recalls 28 million boxes of cereal". Allvoices.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Layton, Lyndsey (August 2, 2010). "US regulators lack data on health risks of most chemicals". Washington Post.
Jump up ^ "2-Methylnaphthalene (CASRN 91-57-6)". United States Environmental Protection Agency. May 3, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ TOMSON and ZIOBRO, BILL and PAUL. "Kellogg Recalls Mini-Wheats". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "FTC Investigation of Ad Claims that Rice Krispies Benefits Children's Immunity Leads to Stronger Order Against Kellogg". FTC. June 3, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "In the Matter of Kellogg Company, FTC Docket No. C-4262" (PDF). Concurring Statement of Commissioner Julie Brill and Chairman Jon Leibowitz. Federal Trade Commission. June 3, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Chan, Sewell (June 4, 2010). "Kellogg to Restrict Ads to Settle U.S. Inquiry Into Health Claims for Cereal". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Carey, Susan. "Snap, Crackle, Slap: FTC Objects to Kellogg's Rice Krispies Health Claim". The Wall Street Journal. June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ InvestorPlace (June 4, 2010). "Feds say Kellogg ads mislead parents". Top Stocks. MSN Money. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Britain bans Kellogg's for 'misleading' advertisement". The Times Of India. July 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sweney, Mark (July 20, 2016). "Kellogg's Special K ads banned over 'full of goodness' and 'nutritious' claims". The Guardian. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ THE GREAT PALM OIL SCANDAL: LABOUR ABUSES BEHIND BIG BRAND NAMES Amnesty International November 30, 2016
Jump up ^ Kishore, Divya (November 30, 2016). "Amnesty report slams popular brands for profiting from labour abuses at Wilmar". Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Davies, Rob (November 30, 2016). "Firms such as Kellogg's, Unilever and Nestlé 'use child-labour palm oil'". The Guardian. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Prop. 37: Requires labeling of food products made from genetically modified organisms. | Voter's Edge". Votersedge.org. November 6, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg to Label All GMOs Nationwide". The Daily Meal. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
Jump up ^ CRC Staff (May 1, 2013). "The W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Subverting democracy and balkanizing America". Capital Research Center.
Jump up ^ Oxfam (August 13, 2014). "Kellogg Steps Up to Tackle Climate Change". Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Davis, Dillion (November 17, 2016). "Kellogg Co. urges Trump to uphold Paris Agreement". The Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Race Forward WK Kellogg Foundation Grant Page". November 30, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, Lydia (November 29, 2016). "Kellogg Is Latest Company To Pull Advertising From Breitbart". The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's dumps Breitbart ads, citing 'values'; Breitbart encourages boycott". Columbus Dispatch. AP. December 1, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Factory". Kellogg's. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Careers at Kellogg Australia". Kellogg (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg to close London cereal factory next year". CBC News.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's to close London plant by the end of 2014". London.
Jump up ^ "Nous contacter". kelloggs.fr.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Kellogg Europe Trading Ltd (KETL)". Kellogg Company. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "いい朝食がいい日をつくる - 日本ケロッグ". kellogg.co.jp.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg to invest $130M in Malaysia plant, eyes Asia-Pacific expansion". Venture Capital Post. January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Company to invest US$130m in Malaysia". The Malay Mail Online. January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Home :: Kellogg's". Kelloggsalarabi.com. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg Annual Report 2007 – Kellogg North America Brands". archive.org. August 26, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "SEC Info – Kellogg Co – '10-K' for 1/1/05 – EX-21.01". Secinfo.com.
Jump up ^ "Alaska Milk Corporation". Alaskamilk.com.ph.
Jump up ^ "Kellogg's to build a new factory in Poland". Gosiahill.com.
Jump up ^ Kelloggs.co.za
External links[edit]
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text:
Lexie Grey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lexie Grey
Grey's Anatomy character
The season six promotional photograph of Chyler Leigh as Dr. Lexie Grey
First appearance
"Testing 1-2-3"
3x24, May 10, 2007
(as guest star)
"A Change is Gonna Come"
4x01, September 27, 2007
(as main cast)
Last appearance
"Flight"
8x24, May 17, 2012
Created by
Shonda Rhimes
Portrayed by
Chyler Leigh
Information
Full name
Alexandra Caroline Grey
Occupation
Surgical resident at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital
Title
M.D.
Family
Thatcher Grey (father)
Susan Grey (mother, deceased)
Meredith Grey (half-sister)
Molly Thompson (sister)
Significant other(s)
Mark Sloan
Alex Karev
Jackson Avery
Relatives
Derek Shepherd (brother in-law, deceased)
Zola Grey Shepherd (half-niece)
Derek Bailey Shepherd (half-nephew)
Ellis Shepherd (half-niece)
Laura Thompson (niece)
Alexandra Caroline "Lexie" Grey,[1] M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which airs on ABC in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes and was portrayed by actress Chyler Leigh from the third through eighth seasons. She was introduced as a surgical intern in season three. Serving as Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo)'s half sister, she transferred to the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, after her mother's sudden death. Eventually named a surgical resident, the character was originally contracted to appear for a multi-episode story arc, but received star billing in the fourth season.
The character's focal storyline involved a romantic relationship with plastic surgeon Mark Sloan (Eric Dane). She sustained life-threatening injuries after an aviation accident, in the eighth-season finale, which ultimately ended in her death. The character's death resulted in mixed critical feedback and the reason given for the departure was Leigh's desire to spend more time with her family. Rhimes has characterized Lexie as being a dork, as well as having issues with saying how she feels. Leigh has been moderately well received by critics, and was among the cast to receive a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2007.
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
1.1 Background
1.2 Season 4
1.3 Season 5
1.4 Season 6
1.5 Season 7
1.6 Season 8
1.7 Season 9 onwards
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Background[edit]
Lexie Grey is the daughter of Thatcher Grey (Jeff Perry) and his second wife, Susan Grey (Mare Winningham). She grew up with her younger sister, Molly Grey-Thompson (Mandy Siegfried) and throughout her childhood was kept unaware that she also had an older half-sister, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), born to Thatcher and his first wife, Ellis Grey (Kate Burton). Lexie is first mentioned when Molly is admitted to Seattle Grace Hospital, with Susan informing Meredith that Lexie is a student at Harvard Medical School. At some subsequent point, Lexie learns of Meredith's existence. She graduates from medical school and is accepted to take her surgical internship at Mass General hospital, but following her mother's sudden death from complications stemming from the hiccups, Lexie instead opts to move back to Seattle to be closer to her father, taking up an internship at Seattle Grace Hospital, one year behind Meredith who is due to begin her residency.
Lexie has an eidetic memory, which is often used as a valuable resource and earns Lexie the nickname "Lexipedia."
In contrast to Meredith, Lexie came from a loving home with a happy upbringing. Meredith once said of her: "She was raised right. With parents and rules and smiley face posters on her wall."[2] Her idealistic upbringing leaves her unprepared to deal with the many hardships she faces during the course of the show, and she often has difficulties understanding and accepting the darker side of human emotions.
While Lexie can be sympathetic, she is not empathetic, and tends to lash out and react childishly at perceived slights, or when faced with behavior she does not like or understand.
Season 4[edit]
The night before her internship begins, Lexie meets Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) at Joe's Bar, mirroring his initial meeting with Meredith. The pair flirt, but Derek makes his excuses and leaves. On her arrival at the hospital, Lexie meets George O'Malley (T.R. Knight) who quickly realizes her identity. Lexie promises to keep George's secret that he is repeating his internship after failing his intern exam and the pair strike up a friendship. Lexie is assigned to be Cristina Yang's (Sandra Oh) intern, and is dubbed "three" by Cristina, who doesn't take the time to learn her name. Lexie is eager to get to know her half-sister Meredith, but receives a hostile response when she introduces herself, and her later frequent attempts to bond with Meredith are similarly rebuffed. Lexie begins a brief sexual relationship with Alex Karev (Justin Chambers), who discovers that Thatcher has descended into alcoholism following Susan's death. When Meredith scolds Lexie for not looking after Thatcher, she finally retaliates and decides to stop pursuing a relationship with Meredith. Lexie bonds with patient Nick Hanscom (Seth Green), and is present when his exposed artery blows, causing him to suffer massive blood loss. She manages to stop the bleeding, but is distraught when Nick later dies anyway. Feeling sympathy for Lexie, Cristina invites her to join her and Meredith in drinking and dancing, causing the sisters relationship to begin to thaw. The following morning, Meredith goes out of her way to make Lexie breakfast, which she politely eats despite an allergy to eggs, resulting in her having to be treated at the hospital. Lexie and George agree to move in together, but they can only afford a dilapidated apartment which Lexie attempts to improve by stealing decorations from the hospital. She begins to develop romantic feelings for George, and discovers that he had only failed his intern exam by one point, encouraging him to try and convince the Chief that he deserves a second chance.
Season 5[edit]
Lexie continues to harbor romantic feelings for George, oblivious to the fact that he doesn't see her in the same way. Their relationship is a mirror foil of George's previous infatuation with the oblivious Meredith. She prioritizes helping George study over taking part in a surgery with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), but feels betrayed when George doesn't request that she become one of his interns after passing his exam. Finally realizing that he doesn't feel the same way, Lexie gives up on her feelings for George and the pair's friendship begins to fizzle out. She later begins a flirtation with Mark, and the pair begin an unlikely romantic relationship, though they are forced to keep it a secret when Meredith and Derek warn Mark away from Lexie. Lexie discovers that some of her fellow interns have secretly been performing simple procedures on each other and begins taking part to prove she's hardcore. Sadie Harris (Melissa George) joins the society, and seeking a more daring procedure, suggests removing her appendix. Though Lexie agrees, she quickly finds herself out of her depth, resulting in Meredith and Cristina having to intervene to save Sadie's life. Lexie and the other interns are put on probation. Derek finds Lexie distraught at the day's events, and allows her to move into the attic at his and Meredith's house. Mark comes clean to Derek about his relationship with Lexie, resulting in the two men getting into a fist fight. The pair continue to feud, resulting in Lexie beginning to stress eat until they eventually reconcile. Lexie is delighted when Meredith asks her to be a bridesmaid at her and Derek's wedding, though they eventually give the ceremony to Alex and cancer-stricken Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl). Mark decides to purchase a house and invites Lexie to move in with him, however she declines, concerned about how fast their relationship is progressing.
Season 6[edit]
Lexie feels guilt following George's death, having abandoned their friendship after he failed to reciprocate her romantic feelings towards him. Mark comforts her, and she eventually agrees to move into his new apartment with him. Thatcher is admitted into the hospital with liver failure stemming from his former alcoholism. When Lexie is found to not be a suitable transplant candidate, Meredith steps in and donates part of her liver, not to help Thatcher, but to spare Lexie the grief of losing her father and because Lexie inappropriately pulled Meredith's medical files and begged her to. Mark and Lexie receive a shock when a pregnant teenage girl named Sloan Riley shows up claiming to be Mark's daughter, and her parentage is soon confirmed. Mark quickly agrees to let her and the baby move in permanently without consulting Lexie, resulting in her ending their relationship when Mark asks her not to force him to choose between Lexie and his child and grandchild, because he'd have to choose them instead of her. She engages in a one-night stand with Alex, but feels guilty and confesses to Mark when he attempts to restart their relationship once his daughter leaves. Mark is furious with her, officially ending their relationship. Despite secretly suppressing her feelings for Mark, Lexie and Alex assume a casual relationship, that Lexie begins to take too seriously and flaunts to make Mark jealous. Lexie is able to use her eiditic memory to help Alex with several of his cases. Meanwhile, Mark and Lexie never seem to get their timing right, with Lexie disinterested and angry at Mark when he wishes to reconcile, or Mark being caught sleeping with a flavor of the day when Lexie wants to rekindle their relationship. Lexie takes part in a surgery on a patient named Alison Clark (Caroline Williams) and informs her husband Gary Clark (Michael O'Neill) that it was a success. However, moments later Alison suffers a stroke and falls into a coma that she is deemed unlikely to wake from. As Alison had signed a DNR form, Lexie is forced to turn off the machine keeping her alive, despite Gary begging her to stop. After failing in an attempt to sue the hospital, a grief-stricken Mr. Clark later returns to the hospital with a gun, seeking revenge on Lexie, Derek and Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.). After witnessing Mr. Clark shoot a nurse dead, Mark shields Lexie during the shooting and the pair attempt to save a critically wounded Alex. Seeking supplies, Lexie heads out into the hospital and comes face to face with Mr Clark who attempts to shoot her, but she is saved by a SWAT team member who wounds Clark at the last moment allowing her to escape. Lexie and Mark proceed to save Alex's life, but Lexie is disappointed and irritated when a delirious Alex calls for his ex-wife, Izzie, while nearly dying instead of Lexie. After a showdown with Richard, Gary Clark eventually commits suicide, having killed eleven people and wounding another seven, as well as causing Meredith to suffer a miscarriage.
Season 7[edit]
Lexie has a psychotic breakdown after the shooting. She is admitted to the hospital's psychiatric facility and is sedated for over fifty hours, with Meredith remaining by her side. Alex, on the other hand, breaks off his and Lexie's fling because he cannot handle having to care for an insane person after his personal and family history. Lexie retaliates with causal cruelty by mocking him for calling out for the wife who left him and snubbing him when he asks her to use her "Lexipedia" talents to help on cases. Lexie is paranoid and irritated that other's may view her as fragile and incompetent due to her melt down and works hard to repair her image. After both realize they continue to have feelings for each other, Lexie and Mark resume their relationship, but their brief happiness is ruined when Lexie discovers that during their breakup, Mark had impregnated his best friend Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and she again ends their relationship. Eager to win Lexie back, Mark recruits his protégé Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) to try to bring him back into Lexie's favour, but his plan backfires when Jackson and Lexie develop romantic feelings for each other, resulting in them starting a relationship of their own. Mark is furious and tries to win Lexie back, but shortly after Callie is involved in a car accident and Lexie consoles Mark. The next episode, Lexie explains that she will go back to Mark if he continues to pursue her, but she believes they ultimately aren't suited and will be unhappy. Mark agrees to let her go, giving her and Jackson his blessing.
Season 8[edit]
Although initially happy in her relationship with Jackson, Lexie is distraught when she learns that Mark has begun a relationship with a woman named Julia. At a charity softball match, her jealousy gets the better of her, resulting in her throwing a ball at Julia. Sensing that Lexie is still in love with Mark, Jackson calls off their relationship. Lexie begins working with Derek's service and becomes increasingly proficient in neurosurgery, helping Derek with a set of "hopeless cases" - high risk surgeries for patients who had otherwise run out of options. During a surgery, Derek is called away on an emergency, leaving Lexie and Meredith to carry out the procedure on their own. Though Derek had instructed them to merely reduce the patient's brain tumour, Meredith allows Lexie to remove it completely, despite not being authorized by either the patient or Derek to due so. The sisters celebrate the successful surgery, but when the patient wakes up, Lexie is devastated to discover that the patient suffered severe brain damage, losing the ability to speak. Alex, Jackson and April Kepner (Sarah Drew) move out of Meredith's house without inviting Lexie to join them, and with Derek and Meredith settling down with baby Zola, Lexie begins to feel increasingly lonely and isolated. After being left babysitting Zola on Valentine's Day, she decides to try to salvage her relationship with Mark. However, after plucking up the courage to visit his apartment, she finds Mark studying with Jackson and loses her nerve, instead claiming that she was visiting to set up a play date for Zola and Sofia. When Mark confides in Derek that he and Julia have been discussing having a baby, Derek warns Lexie not to miss her chance again, resulting in her professing her love to a shell-shocked Mark, who merely thanks her for her candour. He later confesses to Derek that he feels the same way, but is unsure about how to go about things. Days later, Lexie is named as part of a team of surgeons that will be sent to Boise to separate conjoined twins, along with Mark, Meredith, Derek, Cristina and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw); however, while flying to their destination, the doctors' plane crashes in the wilderness. Lexie is crushed under debris from the plane, but manages to alert Mark and Cristina to help her. The pair try in vain to free Lexie, who realises that she is suffering from a hemothorax and is unlikely to survive. While Cristina tries to find an oxygen tank and water for to try and save Lexie, Mark takes Lexie by the hand and professes his love for her, telling her that they were "meant to be". While fantasizing about the future that she and Mark could have had together, Lexie succumbs to her injuries, and dies moments before Meredith arrives. The remaining doctors are left in the woods waiting for rescue, with Mark refusing to let go of Lexie's hand.
Season 9 onwards[edit]
The remaining surgeons are rescued from the woods days later, and Lexie's body is returned to Seattle. Weeks later, a traumatized Cristina reminisces to Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) about her time in the woods, telling him that she had fought with wild animals to keep them away from Lexie's body. Weeks after the crash, Meredith comes across a young girl presenting with injuries identical to Lexie's, and tirelessly works to save the girls life, with the experience eventually causing her to come to terms with her sister's death. Despite making it home from the woods, Mark later died from the injuries he sustained in the crash. When the survivors of the plane crash pool their compensation money to purchase the hospital, they agree to rename the hospital to "Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital" in tribute to Lexie and Mark.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
"It was like coming into somebody else's group or circle—it was a little daunting in the beginning. But I have had such a great time."
Leigh on her early days at Grey's Anatomy[3]
Leigh first appeared on the show during the last two episodes of the third season as Meredith's half-sister, Lexie Grey. Following Isaiah Washington's departure who portrayed Preston Burke, it was reported that show's executives were planning on adding new cast members, such as Lexie.[4] She was officially upgraded to a series' regular on July 11, 2007, for the fourth season.[5] On casting Chyler Leigh as Lexie, Grey's Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes said: "We met with a lot of young actresses, but Chyler stood out—she had a quality that felt right and real to me. It felt like she could be Meredith's sister, but she had a depth that was very interesting."[6]
In September 2011, Leigh requested an extended summer hiatus to spend more time with her family. This was granted by Rhimes, though the actress returned in mid-October.[7] Leigh's character died in the eighth-season finale. In May 2012, Rhimes revealed why she decided to have Lexie die: "I love Chyler and I love the character of Lexie Grey. She was an important member of my Grey's family. This was not an easy decision. But it was a decision that Chyler and I came to together. We had a lot of thoughtful discussion about it and ultimately we both decided this was the right time for her character's journey to end. As far as I'm concerned, Chyler will always remain a part of the Shondaland family and I can't wait to work with her again in the future."[8] Following the death of her character, Leigh released a statement saying:
“ Earlier this year, I made the decision that season eight would be my last on Grey's Anatomy. I met with Shonda [Rhimes] and we worked together to give Lexie's story appropriate closure. I am very lucky to have worked with this amazing cast and crew for five seasons. My experience on Grey's Anatomy is something that I will treasure for the rest of my life. I want to take this time to say thank you to the fans. Your unconditional love and support have made these last five years very special for me. I look forward to my next chapter and I hope you will continue to follow me on my journey.[9] ”
Characterization[edit]
"Lexie Grey is here now. And she's here to stay. I love that she's a bit of a dork. Being a dork myself, I am fond of the girls with verbal diarrhea. Because it's not easy to keep all your words in – believe me."
Rhimes on Lexie's personality[10]
Leigh's character has been called "reliable, trustworthy, timid, and apprehensive" by Grey's Anatomy executives. In her early appearances, it was learned that Lexie has a photographic memory, which she applied to her surgical career.[11] This led her to being nicknamed "Lexipedia" by Alex Karev.[12] The character has also been described as an "innocent young intern" by Alex Keen of The Trades.[13]
Of the character, Leigh said: "She's a very vulnerable person from a very healthy background—she knows how to make good relationships but at this point [season four], she's coming into so much opposition she's trying to adjust to it."[3] Debbie Chang of BuddyTV commented on Lexie's early characterization, including her sexual relationship with Karev:
“ Rivaling her half-sister Meredith with her own set of daddy issues, Lexie has been perfectly on schedule with the boyfriend issues this season as well. She decided that she could live with being Alex's plaything, no strings attached, but when push came to shove, and [Karev's ex-girlfriend] came back for a booty call or two, she showed her true Grey colors and couldn't continue with the emotionless sex. She has, however, made considerable strides in her relationship with Meredith.[14] ”
Debbie Chang noted the culpability taken by Lexie, while Karev (Justin Chambers) was mistreating her.
Similarities have been established between Lexie and Meredith. Series writer, Stacy McKee, commented on this:
"Lexie's struggling to be hardcore herself. I don’t know if I’d go so far as to say, perhaps, this kind of struggle must run in the family, but… Okay. Fine. It must run in the family – because Lexie, though she's very different from Meredith in many many ways, in this one way – they seem to be exactly alike. Meredith and Lexie both want to succeed. They want to be strong. They want to feel normal. They want, so much, to be whole. But it's a struggle – a genuine struggle for them. Being hardcore doesn’t come naturally. Sometimes, they have to fake it."
—  Stacy McKee, Grey Matter[15]
Lexie entertained several relationships throughout her time on Grey's Anatomy. In her early appearances, she maintained a friendship with George O'Malley, until developing romantic feelings towards him. Rhimes offered the insight: "I love them as friends. They make good friends. We all have that friend we met in school or the gym or somewhere – we just hit it off right away. And right away there was no pretense or airs. Just pure honesty. That's Lexie and George. They’re really good friends and I can see the friendship evolving into something even greater. At least, that's what Lexie is hoping. She is my kind of girl. The girl who likes the guy because he is a GOOD guy and that's what George is. He is a good guy and that's something that Lexie could use now. She's going through her own challenges what with Meredith and losing her own mother and trying to keep things afloat. I’m rooting for Lexie. She's my kind of girl and I hope that she gets what she deserves: love. And more kisses. There should always be that."[16] Lexie's most significant relationship was with Mark Sloan. Following her death, Rhimes said:
“ Honestly, I always felt like Mark and Lexie were meant to be together. If things had not turned out the way they had this season, I had a completely different thing planned for them. I was one of the people who loved Mark and Lexie together. [...] When Mark and Lexie say "meant to be," it wasn't about servicing the fans. That's how I felt. That's what was supposed to happen, and that's what I wanted to see. It was heartbreaking. I loved the idea of them together. They played really well together. They were very charming and funny and great. We did the scene where Lexie confesses to Mark that she's still in love with him. That was bittersweet to me because it was like, 'Look, they're so close, so close! And yet so far.'[17] ”
Reception[edit]
The relationship between Leigh's Grey and Eric Dane's Mark Sloan has been well received by critics and fans alike
Leigh has received mixed feedback for her role as Lexie Grey. People, less than impressed, criticized the way Leigh's character initially approached her sister, calling it "rude".[18] Jennifer Armstrong of Entertainment Weekly was also critical of Leigh's early appearances, referring to her as "awkward".[19] However, Armstrong later noted that the "sparkling" friendship development between Lexie and O'Malley "won her over".[20] The character's transition from season four to five was positively reviewed, with Keen of The Trades writing: "Her presence and confidence have increased quite a bit since last season, and actress, Chyler Leigh, does a fantastic job of making this progression feel seamless. Since the series has defused the tension between Little Grey and Big Grey (aka Meredith), Lexie has clear sailing through the season and steals the show as one of the best current characters on the series."[13]
Lexie was strongly criticized by Laura Burrows from IGN, being called "awful". Burrows also wrote: "Everything she says and does is obnoxious and does harm to someone. Lexie is an idiot and should be shot or drowned or exploded."[21] The character's relationship with Sloan has been well received, with Chris Monfette of IGN writing: "Sloan's honest relationship with Lexie helped to make both characters infinitely more interesting and mature."[22] Leigh served as a primary vocalist in "Song Beneath the Song", the Grey's Anatomy music event, and was well received, with the Boston Herald's Mark Perigard praising her performance.[23] The character was listed in Wetpaint's "10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV".[24] In 2007, at the 14th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Leigh and the rest of the cast of Grey's Anatomy, received a nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[25]
References[edit]
Specific
Jump up ^ "'Grey's Anatomy' boss Shonda Rhimes writes Mark Sloan obituary: 'I like to believe that Mark is with Lexie somewhere' -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. October 4, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "In the Midnight Hour". Grey's Anatomy. Season 5. Episode 9. November 20, 2008. ABC.
^ Jump up to: a b Idato, Michael (March 10, 2008). "Medical Complications". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Levin, Gary; Strauss, Gary (June 11, 2012). "Actors' exits leave 'Grey's' in recovery". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ingrassia, Lisa (July 11, 2007). "Grey's Anatomy Welcomes New Cast Member". People. Time Inc. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ David A. Keeps (September 27, 2007). "Nine Things You Don't Know about Grey's Chyler Leigh". TV Guide. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 30, 2011). "Grey's Anatomy Mystery: Where the Heck Is Lexie?". TVLine. Mail.com Media. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wieselman, Jarett (May 18, 2012). "'Grey's' Creator Defends Finale Death". The Insider. CBS Studios. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb. "Grey's Anatomy Exclusive: Chyler Leigh Breaks Her Silence About Shocking Departure". TVLine. Mail.com Media. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (September 27, 2007). "Shonda on the Season Premiere Episode "A Change Is Gonna Come".." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) Bio". Grey's Anatomy. ABC. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy Rundown: Episode Three, "Here Comes the Flood"". BuzzSugar. Sugar Inc. October 17, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Keen, Alex (September 21, 2009). "DVD Review: Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season". The Trades. Burlee LLC. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Chang, Debbie (January 28, 2008). "Grey's Anatomy: Season 4 in Review". BuddyTV. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ McKee, Stacy (November 1, 2007). "Stacy McKee on "Kung Fu Fighting".." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (June 2, 2008). "The End of the Beginning... Part II.." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (May 18, 2012). "Grey's Anatomy Boss Shonda Rhimes Talks Shocking Finale and Cast Departures: Don't Assume Everyone Else Will Live". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy: A Family Affair". People. Time Inc. September 28, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Jennifer (September 30, 2007). "When Girls Collide". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. p. 1. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Jennifer (September 30, 2007). "When Girls Collide". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. p. 2. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Burrows, Laura (May 23, 2008). "Grey's Anatomy: "Freedom" Review". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Monfette, Chris (May 29, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: Season 5 Review". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Powers, Lindsay (April 1, 2011). ""Grey's Anatomy" musical episode: critics weigh in". Reuters. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Martin, Rebecca (December 31, 2012). "The 10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV". Wetpaint. The Cambio Network. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Primetime Television. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
General
"Lexie Grey's Character Journey". ABC. 2012. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
"Grey's Anatomy: Episode Recap Guide". ABC. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
External links[edit]
Grey's Anatomy at ABC.com
Lexie Grey on IMDb
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