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President of Mexico
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President of the
United Mexican States
Presidente de los
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Seal of the Federal Government of Mexico
Mexican Presidential Standard
Incumbent
Enrique Peña Nieto
since December 1, 2012 (2012-12-01)
Executive branch of the Mexican Government
Office of the President of Mexico
Residence
Los Pinos
Seat
Mexico City
Appointer
Federal Electoral Tribunal
Term length
Six years (sexenio), non-renewable
Constituting instrument
Constitution of Mexico
Inaugural holder
Guadalupe Victoria
Formation
October 10, 1824
Salary
MXN$208,570.92 per month, before taxes.[1]
Website
en.presidencia.gob.mx
The President of Mexico (Spanish: Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Spanish: Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos)[2], is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces. The current President is Enrique Peña Nieto, who took office on December 1, 2012. Andrés Manuel López Obrador won the presidential election on July 1, 2018 to become President-elect.
Currently, the office of the President is considered to be revolutionary, in that the powers of office are derived from the Revolutionary Constitution of 1917. Another legacy of the Revolution is its ban on re-election. Mexican presidents are limited to a single six-year term, called a sexenio. No one who has held the post, even on a caretaker basis, is allowed to run or serve again. The constitution and the office of the President closely follow the presidential system of government.
Contents
1 Requirements to hold office
2 Presidential elections
2.1 President-elect
3 Presidential powers
4 Oath of office
5 Presidential sash and flag
6 Presidential residence
7 Succession
8 Living former Presidents
9 List of Presidents of Mexico
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Requirements to hold office[edit]
Chapter III of Title III of the Constitution deals with the executive branch of government and sets forth the powers of the president, as well as the qualifications for the office. He is vested with the "supreme executive power of the Union".
To be eligible to serve as president, Article 82 of the Constitution specifies that the following requirements must be met:
Be a natural-born citizen of Mexico ("mexicano por nacimiento") able to exercise full citizenship rights, with at least one parent who is a natural-born citizen of Mexico.
Be a resident of Mexico for at least twenty (20) years.
Be thirty-five years of age or older at the time of the election.
Be a resident of Mexico for the entire year prior to the election (although absences of 30 days or fewer are explicitly stated not to interrupt residency).
Not be an official or minister of any church or religious denomination.
Not be in active military service during the six months prior to the election.
Not be a secretary of state or under-secretary of state, attorney general, governor of a State, or head of the government of Mexico City, unless "separated from the post" (resigned or been granted permanent leave of absence) at least six months prior to the election.
Not have been president already, even in a provisional capacity (see Succession below).
The ban on any sort of presidential re-election dates back to the aftermath of the Porfiriato and the end of the Mexican Revolution. It is so entrenched in Mexican politics that it has remained in place even as it was relaxed for other offices. In 2014, the constitution was amended to allow Deputies and Senators to run for a second consecutive term. Previously, Deputies and Senators were barred from successive re-election. However, the president remained barred from re-election, even if it is nonsuccessive.
Presidential elections[edit]
The presidential term was set at four years from 1821 to 1928, and has been set at six years since 1928. The president is elected by direct, popular, universal suffrage. Whoever wins a simple plurality of the national vote is elected; there is no runoff election.
The most recent former President, Felipe Calderón, won with 36.38% of the votes in the 2006 general election, finishing only 0.56 percent above his nearest rival, Andrés Manuel López Obrador (who contested the official results). Former President Vicente Fox was elected with a plurality of 43% of the popular vote, Ernesto Zedillo won 48% of the vote, and his predecessor Carlos Salinas won with a majority of 50%. The current president, Enrique Peña Nieto won 38% of the popular vote.[3]
The history of Mexico has not been a peaceful one. After the fall of dictator Porfirio Díaz in 1910 because of the Mexican Revolution, there was no stable government until 1929, when all the revolutionary leaders united in one political party: the National Revolutionary Party, which later changed its name to the Party of the Mexican Revolution, and is now the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional). From then until 1988, the PRI ruled Mexico as a virtual one-party state.
Toward the end of his term, the incumbent president in consultation with party leaders, selected the PRI's candidate in the next election in a procedure known as "the tap of the finger" (Spanish: el dedazo). Until 1988, the PRI's candidate was virtually assured of election, winning by margins well over 70 percent of the vote—results that were usually obtained by massive electoral fraud. In 1988, however, the PRI ruptured and the dissidents formed the National Democratic Front with rival center-left parties (now the PRD). Discontent with the PRI, and the popularity of the Front's candidate Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas led to worries that PRI candidate Carlos Salinas de Gortari would not come close to a majority, and might actually be defeated. While the votes were being counted, the tabulation system mysteriously shut down. The government declared Salinas the winner, leading to stronger than ever allegations of electoral fraud.[4]
The PRI enacted a strict internal discipline and government presence in the country, and electoral fraud became common. After the country regained its peace, this pattern of fraud continued, with the opposition losing every election until the later part of the 20th century. The first presidential election broadly considered legitimate was the one held in 1994, when the PRI's Ernesto Zedillo took office, and in his term several reforms were enacted to ensure fairness and transparency in elections. Partly as a consequence of these reforms, the 1997 federal congressional election saw the first opposition Chamber of Deputies ever, and the 2000 elections saw Vicente Fox of a PAN/PVEM alliance become the first opposition candidate to win an election since 1911. This historical defeat was accepted on election night by the PRI in the voice of President Zedillo; while this calmed fears of violence, it also fueled questions about the role of the president in the electoral process and to whom the responsibility of conceding defeat should fall in a democratic election.
The role of unions in the new balance of power and future elections is documented in works like historian Enrique Krauze's Analysis of the Corporative System.
President-elect[edit]
After the presidential election, political parties may issue challenges to the election. These challenges are heard by the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judicial Power; after it has heard and ruled on them, the Tribunal must either declare the election invalid, or certify the results of the elections in accordance to their rulings. Once the Tribunal declares the election valid, it issues a "Certificate of Majority" (Constancia de Mayoría) to the candidate who obtained a plurality. That candidate then becomes President-elect. The final decision is made in September, two months after the election is carried out.[5]
Presidential powers[edit]
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The 1917 Constitution borrowed heavily from the Constitution of the United States, providing for a clear separation of powers while giving the president wider powers than his American counterpart. However, this has only recently become the case in practice.
For the first 71 years after the enactment of the 1917 Constitution, the president exercised nearly absolute control over the country. Much of this power came from the de facto monopoly status of the PRI. As mentioned above, he effectively chose his successor as president by personally nominating the PRI's candidate in the next election. In addition, the unwritten rules of the PRI allowed him to designate party officials and candidates all the way down to the local level. He thus had an important (but not exclusive) influence over the political life of the country (part of his power had to be shared with unions and other groups, but as an individual he had no peers). This, and his constitutional powers, made some political commentators describe the president as a six-year dictator, and to call this system an "imperial presidency". The situation remained largely unchanged until the early 1980s, when a grave economic crisis created discomfort both in the population and inside the party, and the president's power was no longer absolute but still impressive.
An important characteristic of this system is that the new president was effectively chosen by the old one (since the PRI candidate was assured of election) but once he assumed power, the old one lost all power and influence ("no reelection" is a cornerstone of Mexican politics). In fact, tradition called for the incumbent president to fade into the background during the campaign to elect his successor. This renewed command helped maintain party discipline and avoided the stagnation associated with a single man holding power for decades, prompting Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa to call Mexico's political system "the perfect dictatorship", since the president's powers were cloaked by democratic practice.
With the democratic reforms of recent years and fairer elections, the president's powers have been limited in fact as well as in name. Vargas Llosa, during the Fox administration, called this new system "The Imperfect Democracy". The current rights and powers of the president of Mexico are established, limited and enumerated by Article 89 of the Constitution which include the following:
Promulgate and execute the laws enacted by the Congress, providing in the administrative sphere to its exact observance;
Appoint and remove freely the Secretaries of State, remove the ambassadors, consuls general and senior employees of the Treasury, appoint and remove freely all other employees of the Union whose appointment or removal is not otherwise in the Constitution or in laws;
Appoint, with Senate approval, ambassadors, consuls general, superior employees of the Treasury and members of collegial bodies of regulation in telecommunications, energy and economic competition;
Appoint, with the approval of the Senate, the colonels and other senior officers of the Army, Navy and Air Force;
Preserve national security, under the terms of the respective law, and have all of the permanent Armed Forces i.e. Army, Navy and Air Force for internal security and external defense of the Federation;
Having the National Guard to the same objects, in the terms that prevents Section IV of Article 76;
Declare war on behalf of the United Mexican States with consent from the Congress of the Union;
Intervene in the appointment of the Attorney General of the Republic and delete it, in terms of the provisions of Article 102, Section A, of this Constitution;
Conduct foreign policy and conclude international treaties and finish, denounce, suspend, modify, amend, remove reservations and issuing interpretative statements thereon, and submitting to the approval of the Senate. In conducting such a policy, the Chief Executive shall observe the following normative principles: self-determination of peoples; nonintervention; the peaceful settlement of disputes; the prohibition of the threat or use of force in international relations; the legal equality of States; international cooperation for development; respect, protection and promotion of human rights and the struggle for international peace and security;
Convene Congress into special session, when agreed by the Standing Committee;
Provide the judiciary the aid they need for the expeditious exercise of its functions;
Enable all classes of ports, establish maritime and border customs and designate their location;
Grant, according to law, pardons to criminals convicted of crimes jurisdiction of the federal courts;
Grant exclusive privileges for a limited time, in accordance with the respective law, to discoverers, inventors or perfectors in any branch of industry;
When the Senate is not in session, the President of the Republic may make appointments mentioned in sections III, IV and IX, with the approval of the Standing Committee;
At any time, opt for a coalition government with one or more of the political parties represented in Congress.
To submit to the Senate, the three candidates for the appointment of judges of the Supreme Court and submit their resignations to the approval of licenses and Senate itself;
Objecting the appointment of commissioners body that sets the guarantor Article 6. of this Constitution made by the Senate, under the terms established in this Constitution and the law;
The others expressly conferred by this Constitution.
A decree is a legislative instrument that has an expiration date and that is issued by one of the three branches of government. Congress may issue decrees, and the President may issue decrees as well. However, they have all the power of laws, but cannot be changed except by the power that issued them. Decrees are very limited in their extent. One such decree is the federal budget, which is issued by Congress. The president's office may suggest a budget, but at the end of the day, it is Congress that decrees how to collect taxes and how to spend them. A Supreme Court ruling on Vicente Fox's veto of the 2004 budget suggests that the President may have the right to veto decrees from Congress.
Since 1997, the Congress has been plural, usually with opposition parties having a majority. Major reforms (tax, energy) have to pass by Congress, and the ruling President usually found his efforts blocked: the PRI's Zedillo by opposing PAN/PRD congressmen, and later the PAN's Fox by the PRI and PRD. The PAN would push the reforms it denied to the PRI and vice versa. This situation, novel in a country where Congress was +90% dominated by the president's party for most of the century, has led to a legal analysis of the president's power. Formerly almost a dictator (because of PRI's party discipline), the current times show the president's power as somewhat limited. In 2004, President Fox threatened to veto the budget approved by Congress, claiming the budget overstepped his authority to lead the country, only to learn no branch of government had the power to veto a decree issued by another branch of government (although a different, non jurisprudence-setting ruling stated he could return the budget with observations).
Oath of office[edit]
Upon taking office, the President raises his/her right arm to shoulder-level and takes the following oath:
Protesto guardar y hacer guardar la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y las leyes que de ella emanen, y desempeñar leal y patrióticamente el cargo de Presidente de la República que el pueblo me ha conferido, mirando en todo por el bien y prosperidad de la Unión; y si así no lo hiciere que la Nación me lo demande.
Translation:
I affirm to follow and uphold the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the laws that emanate from it, and to perform the office of President of the Republic which the people have conferred upon me with loyalty and patriotism, in all actions looking after the good and prosperity of the Union; and if I do not fulfill these obligations, may the Nation demand it of me.
Presidential sash and flag[edit]
Ensign of the President, for use aboard naval vessels
The Mexican Presidential sash has the colors of the Mexican flag in three bands of equal width, with red on top, white in the center, and green on the bottom, worn from right shoulder to left waist; it also includes the National Seal, in gold thread, to be worn chest-high. During the swearing-in ceremony of a newly elected President, the outgoing President turns in the sash to the current President of Congress, who in turn gives it to the new President after the latter has sworn the oath of office. The sash is the symbol of the Executive Federal Power, and may only be worn by the current President.
According to Article 35 of the Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem, the President must wear the sash at the swearing-in ceremony, when he makes his annual State of the Union report to Congress, during the commemoration of the Grito de Dolores on September 15 of each year, and when he receives the diplomatic credentials of accredited foreign ambassadors and ministers. He is also expected to wear it "in those official ceremonies of greatest solemnity". The sash is worn from right shoulder to left hip, and should be worn underneath the coat except during the swearing-in ceremony, when both the out-going and incoming president wear it over their coat (Article 36).
In addition to the Presidential Sash, each president receives a Presidential Flag; the flag has imprinted the words Estados Unidos Mexicanos in golden letters and the national coat of arms also in gold.
Presidential residence[edit]
The President's official residence and main workplace is Los Pinos, located inside the Bosque de Chapultepec (Chapultepec Park). The President has the right to use this residence for the six-year term of office.
The National Palace, a building facing the Mexico City Zócalo, is officially the seat of the Executive Power, but is used only for ceremonies or national holidays such as Independence Day or Revolution Day. Some areas of the historic building are open to the public, and others hold some government offices.
The President also has the use of Chapultepec Castle, formerly an Imperial palace of the Second Mexican Empire, and afterwards the official residence of Mexican Presidents until the Presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas.
Succession[edit]
Article 84 of the Mexican Constitution states that "in case of absolute absence of a President" the following should happen:
Until Congress names a Substitute or Interim President, the Secretary of the Interior (Secretario de Gobernación) assumes executive powers provisionally (Presidente Provisional), but cannot make changes to the cabinet without advice and consent from the Senate. He must also provide an official report of his actions within ten days of leaving the post. Congress must elect an Interim or Substitute President within 60 days of the original absence. The Secretary of the Interior is not required to meet all requirements for the Presidency; specifically, he is not required to meet the age or residency requirements, nor the requirement to not hold certain government positions (Secretary of state, under-secretary of state, etc.)
If Congress is not in session, then the Permanent Commission calls Congress to an extraordinary session, at which point the process continues as below.
If the absence (death, impeachment, etc.) should occur in the first two years of the term, Congress (if in session, or after being called to extraordinary session by the Permanent Commission) must elect, by a majority of votes in a secret ballot with a quorum of at least two-thirds of its members, an Interim President (Presidente Interino). Congress must also call for elections in no less than 14 months and no more than 18 months after the absence of the President occurs; the person who wins those elections will be President for the remainder of the original six-year presidential term.
If the absence should occur in the last four years of the term, Congress (if in session, or after being called to extraordinary session by the Permanent Commission) will select a Substitute President (Presidente Substituto) by a majority of votes in a secret ballot as above. The Substitute President will be President of the United Mexican States until the end of the original six-year presidential term, at which point regular elections are held.
No person who has already served as President, whether elected, Provisional, Interim, or Substitute, can be designated as Provisional, Interim, or Substitute President.
The designation of the Secretary of the Interior as the immediate successor dates to August 2012, when the changes to the Constitution were published in the Official Diary.
The succession provisions have come into play only twice since the current constitution was enacted. In 1928, after the assassination of president-elect Álvaro Obregón, Congress appointed Emilio Portes Gil as Interim President; Portes Gil served in the position for 14 months while new elections were called. Pascual Ortiz Rubio was elected President in the special elections that followed in 1930, but he resigned in 1932. Abelardo L. Rodríguez was then appointed Interim President to fill out the remainder of Ortiz Rubio's term (under current law Rodríguez would be Substitute President, but at the time there was no distinction between Interim, Substitute, and Provisional Presidents).
Living former Presidents[edit]
There are five living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on 1 April 2012.
Luis Echeverría
(1970–1976)
(1922-01-17) January 17, 1922 (age 96)
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(1988–1994)
(1948-04-03) April 3, 1948 (age 70)
Ernesto Zedillo
(1994–2000)
(1951-12-27) December 27, 1951 (age 66)
Vicente Fox
(2000–2006)
(1942-07-02) July 2, 1942 (age 76)
Felipe Calderón
(2006–2012)
(1962-08-18) August 18, 1962 (age 56)
Former presidents of Mexico continue to carry the title "President" until death but are rarely referred by it; they are commonly called ex-Presidents. They are also given protection by the Estado Mayor Presidencial. Former presidents are also given a lifelong pension, which they can refuse, as in the case of Ernesto Zedillo.
Contrary to what happens in many other countries, former presidents of Mexico do not continue to be important national figures once out of office, and usually lead a discreet life. This is partly because they do not want to interfere with the government of the new president and partly because they may not have a good public image. This tradition can be traced back to the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas. Former president Plutarco Elías Calles had personally selected Cárdenas as his successor, and had hoped to control things from behind the scenes as he had for the last five years. However, when Cárdenas showed he was going to rule in fact as well as in name, Calles publicly criticized him, prompting Cárdenas to have Calles escorted out of the country by military police. Cárdenas himself remained silent on the policies of his successor Manuel Ávila Camacho, establishing a tradition that former presidents do not interfere with their successors.
For example, Ernesto Zedillo holds important offices in the United Nations and in the private sector, but outside of Mexico. It is speculated he lives in a self-imposed exile to avoid the hatred of some of his fellow members of the PRI for having acknowledged the PRI's defeat in the 2000 presidential election. Carlos Salinas also lived in a self-imposed exile in Ireland, but returned to Mexico. He campaigned intensely to have his brother, Raúl Salinas, freed after he was jailed in the early days of Zedillo's term, accused of drug trafficking and planning the assassination of José Francisco Ruiz Massieu. Carlos Salinas also wrote a book on neo-liberal Mexico, secured a position with the Dow Jones Company in the United States, and worked as a professor at several prestigious universities in that country. Felipe Calderón was given a contract to work as a professor for Harvard University in 2013, but he returned to Mexico in 2014. It was rumored that he would look after the then newly created Humanist Party;[6] this fact was eventually denied by his wife.[7]
Along with Felipe Calderón, two other surviving former presidents, Luis Echeverría and Vicente Fox, still live in Mexico. On June 30, 2006, Echeverría was placed under house arrest under charges of genocide for his role as Secretary of the Interior during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.[8] The house arrest was lifted in 2009.
List of Presidents of Mexico[edit]
Main article: List of heads of state of Mexico
See also[edit]
Mexico portal
List of Tenochtitlan rulers
Emperor of Mexico
References[edit]
Jump up ^ At an exchange rate of 17.95 pesos to one dollar, approximately $11,619 per month; the salary after taxes is listed as MXN$147,651.22 (US$11,391.99). "Portal de Obligaciones de Transparencia". 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
Jump up ^ Article 80, Constitution of Mexico. "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Enrique Pena Nieto wins Mexican presidential election". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 12 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Buckman, Robert T. (2007). The World Today Series: Latin America 2007. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. ISBN 1-887985-84-0.
Jump up ^ "About Us". Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judicial Branch. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Felipe Calderón regresa a México para "supervisar" al Partido Humanista". SDP Noticias. Retrieved 2014-07-07.
Jump up ^ "Felipe Calderón regresó a México, confirma su esposa". Proceso. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Echeverría, bajo prisión preventiva domiciliaria - El Universal - México". El Universal. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
External links[edit]
President of México - Official government website
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Ratchet & Clank
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the video game series. For the first game in the series, see Ratchet & Clank (2002 video game). For the film adaptation, see Ratchet & Clank (film). For the game based on the film, see Ratchet & Clank (2016 video game).
Ratchet & Clank
Official logo since 2015
Genres
Platform, third-person shooter
Developers
Insomniac Games (2002–present)
High Impact Games (2007–08)
Sanzaru Games (2009)
Nihilistic Software (2011)
Idol Minds (2012–13)
Tin Giant (2012)
Mass Media (2014)
Publishers
Sony Computer Entertainment
Creators
Insomniac Games
Platforms
PlayStation 2
PlayStation 3
PlayStation Portable
PlayStation Vita
PlayStation 4
Android
iOS
Platform of origin
PlayStation 2
First release
Ratchet & Clank
November 4, 2002
Latest release
Ratchet & Clank (2016)
April 12, 2016
Ratchet & Clank is a series of action platformer and third-person shooter video games. The franchise was created and developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation consoles, such as PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 with the exclusion of Size Matters and Secret Agent Clank, which were developed by High Impact Games for the PlayStation Portable. Every game in the series has only been released for Sony platforms, as the intellectual property is owned by Sony Computer Entertainment. An animated feature film adaptation produced by Rainmaker Entertainment and Blockade Entertainment and distributed by Focus Features and Gramercy Pictures was initially scheduled for release in 2015, but was subsequently pushed back for release on April 29, 2016.
The games take place in a science fiction setting and follow the adventures of Ratchet (a feline-like humanoid known as a Lombax, who is a mechanic) and Clank (a diminutive, sentient Zoni robot) as they travel through the universe, saving it from evil forces that consistently threaten it. The series is noted for its inclusion of many exotic, unique and over-the-top weapons and gadgets, a concept that Insomniac Games has also expanded into their other games.
Contents
[hide]
1 Games
1.1 Original series
1.1.1 Ratchet & Clank
1.1.1.1 Original
1.1.1.2 Reimagining
1.1.2 Going Commando
1.1.3 Up Your Arsenal
1.1.4 Ratchet: Deadlocked
1.2 Future saga
1.2.1 Tools of Destruction
1.2.2 Quest for Booty
1.2.3 A Crack in Time
1.2.4 Into the Nexus
1.3 Spin-offs
1.3.1 Size Matters
1.3.2 Secret Agent Clank
1.3.3 All 4 One
1.3.4 Full Frontal Assault
1.4 Mobile
1.4.1 Going Mobile
1.4.2 Before the Nexus
1.5 Collections
1.5.1 Ratchet & Clank Collection
2 Setting
2.1 Lombaxes
2.2 Characters
3 Gameplay
4 Reception
5 Other media
5.1 Manga
5.2 Film adaptation
5.3 Merchandise
5.4 Other video games
6 References
7 External links
Games[edit]
Timeline of release years
2002 Ratchet & Clank
2003 Going Commando
2004 Up Your Arsenal
2005 Ratchet: Deadlocked
2006
2007 Size Matters
Future: Tools of Destruction
2008 Secret Agent Clank
Future: Quest for Booty
2009 Future: A Crack in Time
2010
2011 All 4 One
2012 Collection
Full Frontal Assault
2013 Into the Nexus
2014
2015
2016 Ratchet & Clank
Original series[edit]
Ratchet & Clank[edit]
Original[edit]
The original Ratchet & Clank logo, used from 2002 to 2007.
Main article: Ratchet & Clank (2002 video game)
Ratchet & Clank was released on November 4, 2002 in North America for the PlayStation 2. In the game, Supreme Executive Chairman Drek plans to take pieces from other planets across the Solana Galaxy and create one new planet for his people, the Blarg, whose planet has become polluted, thus making it uninhabitable. Aside from the two protagonists, the game also introduces Captain Qwark, who appears in the following games, as both enemy and ally.
The game introduced features such as the ability to purchase items, weapons and unlocking gadgets as the game progresses, which have become a staple of the series in following games. The first in this series does not feature the upgrade system of experience earned for enemies killed; instead, the player may purchase stronger, gold versions of select weapons using a combination of hidden Gold Bolt items and regular bolts after finding a secret area in the game.
Reimagining[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank (2016 video game)
After 3 years since Into the Nexus, the longest gap between games since the series began, the PlayStation 4 re-imagining of the PlayStation 2 game Ratchet & Clank was released on April 12, 2016. The game was delayed to match the release date of the companion movie it is based on, also named Ratchet & Clank. It features many of the same planets, levels, and characters from the first game, all of which have been extensively upgraded, both graphically and in terms of gameplay. Enough of the original has been left intact to spark a sense of nostalgia among the original's fans. However, some new characters have been added, and existing ones extensively altered, with the Galactic Rangers from Ratchet & Clank 3 serving a completely different purpose in this game. The plot follows the same basic structure as the original, with Ratchet meeting Clank, an escaped factory mistake, early on. Ratchet pretends that he is a Galactic Ranger to Clank, and eventually makes this a reality when he saves Metropolis from Chairman Drek's attacks. The game follows the titular pair as they embark on an adventure to stop Drek's plans to form a new homeworld made from the broken remains of existing worlds. Both Ratchet and Clank are playable, with Ratchet's gameplay remaining similar to previous games, while Clank's sections feature a mix of action and puzzle solving.[1]
Going Commando[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando
Going Commando (also known as Locked and Loaded in Europe and Ratchet & Clank 2 in Japan) was released on November 11, 2003 in North America for the PlayStation 2.
Mr. Abercrombie Fizzwidget, CEO of the Megacorp company in another galaxy called Bogon, hires Ratchet after the events of the first game, providing him with commando training in order to retrieve the "Experiment", an artificial creature stolen by an unknown masked thief while Clank is given a job as an accountant for Megacorp.
The game takes place in a different setting than the first installment, this time in the Bogon Galaxy. In Going Commando, Ratchet is able to compete in hoverbike races and engages in spaceship battles. This game introduces the leveling system for weapons that appears in every succeeding game; using a given weapon enough – and thus gaining enough experience – causes it to evolve into a more powerful version with upgraded stats and new abilities. Ratchet's experience-based health upgrade system is also introduced in this installment, as well as the ability to strafe for greater shooting accuracy during combat.
Up Your Arsenal[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal
Up Your Arsenal (also known as Ratchet & Clank 3 in Europe and Japan and Ratchet & Clank 3: Up Your Arsenal in Australia) was released on November 3, 2004, in North America for the PlayStation 2. The plot consists of an invasion of the Solana galaxy by a humanoid race known as the "Tyhrranoids", led by the game's main antagonist, Dr. Nefarious, a robotic madman determined to destroy all biological life in the galaxy. The game sees the return of protagonists Ratchet and Clank alongside new allies including Sasha Phyronix, captain of the Starship Phoenix, a locale which also serves as a hub area for the player. Captain Qwark makes a reappearance and is a playable character in "Vid Comics" found throughout the single-player campaign.
The third installment of the series retains the experience and upgrade mechanics of the previous game, with weapons becoming increasingly devastating with increased use. Combat and platforming mechanics are also relatively unchanged as is the weapon purchase system, with bolts remaining as the primary currency throughout. The game also retains the series' signature weapons dealer, Gadgetron." The game also introduces a multiplayer mode, featuring 4-player split-screen play with online play supporting up to 8 players, with staple match types such as Deathmatch or Capture The Flag.
Space battles and the race mini-games of the previous games are not present in Up Your Arsenal.
Ratchet: Deadlocked[edit]
Main article: Ratchet: Deadlocked
Ratchet: Deadlocked (also known as Ratchet: Gladiator in Europe and Australia and Ratchet & Clank 4 in Japan) was released on October 25, 2005 in North America for the PlayStation 2. Deadlocked deviates from the previous installments of the series by reducing the platforming and puzzle elements, and focusing on the combat aspects with a predominantly arena-combat-oriented setting. In Deadlocked, Ratchet, Clank and Al are captured by the media mogul Gleeman Vox and transported to a lawless region of the Solana galaxy known as the Shadow Sector. Ratchet is forced to compete in an intense, underground bloodsport called DreadZone to ensure his, Clank's and Al's survival.
For the first time in the series, Clank does not accompany Ratchet during the entirety of the single-player campaign, nor is he given playable sequences. While multiplayer is retained, an additional option to engage the game's single-player campaign as two-player co-op has been introduced, although it bears no effect on the outcome of the plot.
Though Deadlocked was not included in the retail high-definition collection of the original trilogy for PlayStation 3, a high-definition version of the game was released as a downloadable title on the PlayStation Network on May 21, 2013 in North America,[2] and on September 5, 2013 in Europe[3]
Future saga[edit]
Tools of Destruction[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction
Tools of Destruction (known as Ratchet & Clank: Tools of Destruction in Europe and Australia and Ratchet & Clank Future in Japan) was developed by Insomniac Games, and was released on October 23, 2007 for the PlayStation 3. This was the first Ratchet and Clank game for the PlayStation 3, and the first in the Future trilogy. In this installment, the self-proclaimed crown prince of the Cragmites known as Emperor Tachyon is after Ratchet, claiming that he is the last Lombax in the universe. He and Clank escape to the Polaris Galaxy, befriending the Markazian Talwyn Apogee and two old war bots named Cronk and Zephyr, who help the two uncover the Lombax secret, Tachyon's ultimate goal. Throughout the game, Clank encounters a mysterious race called the Zoni, who assist him at various points in the game, only to abduct him during the ending cut scene.
Tools of Destruction's weapon upgrade system introduces the need for Raritanium, an aptly-named rare resource mentioned in previous games, in exchange for certain upgrades, as well as continuous use of said weapons to upgrade them automatically.
Quest for Booty[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty
Quest for Booty is a short game developed by Insomniac Games and was released on August 21, 2008 for the PlayStation 3 PlayStation Network.[4] It was later released as a Blu-ray Disc in Europe and Asia, but not North America. It is also known as Ratchet & Clank: Quest for Booty in most PAL regions and as Ratchet & Clank Future Gaiden: Kaizoku Dark Water no Hihou in Japan.
Taking place where Tools of Destruction left off, the game focuses on Ratchet and Talwyn's search for Clank. After a number of encounters with the pirates introduced in Tools of Destruction, they finally manage to activate a device called the Obsidian Eye that allows communication with the Zoni. However, the machine can not be activated without a reusable black hole frozen in furion crystal, named the Fulcrum Star. Rusty Pete revives the dead pirates and gives Slag a new body. After Ratchet defeats Darkwater/Slag, he and Talwyn obtain the Fulcrum Star. Ratchet then activates the Obsidian Eye, and learns Clank's fate: the Zoni have him in a strange new place, where he is malfunctioning. The Zoni reveal that they have hired Dr. Nefarious to repair Clank. Ratchet sets off to rescue Clank, and the story ends with Rusty Pete narrating to the head of Slag, which survived the destruction of Darkwater.
A Crack in Time[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time
This game is also known as A Crack in Time in Europe and Ratchet and Clank Future 2 in Japan.
At the end of the credits for Quest for Booty, a message reading: "The Quest Continues Fall 2009" is shown. This indicated the planned release date for the next installment of the series. Ratchet continues his search for Clank, Dr. Nefarious returns as an antagonist (primary or otherwise), and the game goes into more depth about what happened to the Lombaxes.
The story and player's perspective alternates between Ratchet and Clank; Clank's side of the story involves him fixing time at the Great Clock, as well as learning to fulfill his destined role as the Great Clock's senior caretaker. Clank also learns that a Zoni named Orvus had created his soul. Ratchet's part in the story includes meeting another Lombax named General Alister Azimuth, an elder who turns out to be unintentionally responsible for their kind's downfall as he allowed Tachyon to use the Lombaxes' technology, and is intent on taking control of the Great Clock to rectify his mistakes. Qwark also assists Ratchet during the storyline and eventually goes alone to gather useful information for Ratchet.
Into the Nexus[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus
Into the Nexus (Nexus in Europe) was released for PlayStation 3 on November 12, 2013.[5] In this game, Ratchet and Clank, on board the Nebulox Seven Prison Ship, are tasked by Talwyn Apogee to deliver notorious criminal Vendra Prog to the Vartax Detention Centre with Cronk and Zephyr's help. Vendra's twin brother Neftin Prog, along with hired thugs from Thugs-4-Less, stages a jailbreak and frees her. Vendra activates the Nebulox's self-destruct sequence, escaping with Neftin while Ratchet and Clank are flung into space, unable to save Cronk and Zephyr. Ratchet and Clank pursue the twins throughout the galaxy, seeking revenge for their fallen comrades.
This installment introduced gravity-based platforming and gameplay, as well as 2D puzzle sequences involving Clank in the Netherverse, a focal point of the game's plot.
Spin-offs[edit]
Size Matters[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters
Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters (also known as Ratchet & Clank 5 in Japan) was released in North America on February 13, 2007 on the PlayStation Portable and March 11, 2008 on the PlayStation 2. The development was performed by High Impact Games, composed, partially, of former Insomniac Games employees. While on a much needed vacation, Ratchet and Clank's rest and relaxation time is suddenly cut short as they soon find themselves lured into a mysterious quest. Following the trail of a kidnapped girl named Luna, Ratchet and Clank rediscover a forgotten race of genius inventors known as the Technomites.
In this installment, new and recurring weapons and gadgets are introduced, and the skill points and weapon upgrading systems make their return. The armor system has been altered compared to previous games; there are seven types of armor available, all of which are found in different pieces (helmet, body, gloves and boots) on different planets. Once a complete set of armor is found and equipped, it can enhance specific player abilities.
Secret Agent Clank[edit]
Main article: Secret Agent Clank
Announced at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Secret Agent Clank was developed by High Impact Games, who also developed Size Matters. It is available for the PlayStation Portable and was released on June 17, 2008. This game was also released for the PlayStation 2 on May 26, 2009.
The game focuses on Clank as the playable character, due to Ratchet being wrongfully imprisoned, emphasizing the "Secret Agent Clank" persona suggested in previous games. Gameplay features the series' standard focus on using gadgets and engaging enemies in combat, but also introduces sequences requiring stealth.[6]
All 4 One[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One
An Insomniac Games production revealed at Gamescom 2010 in Cologne, Germany on August 17, 2010. The game has Online Multiplayer and 4 player Co-Op featuring the use of drop-in/drop-out, offline/online gameplay. The game mainly focuses on this cooperative play.[7] Teammates can work together, even using weapons between players. Players can take control of Ratchet, Clank, Captain Qwark and Dr. Nefarious. It was released on October 18, 2011.
In All 4 One, Ratchet and Clank retire from their adventures as superheroes after the election of Captain Quark as the Galactic President. Dr. Nefarious tricks him into going to Luminopolis by telling him that he would have gotten a prize for his heroic acts. Quark invites Ratchet and Clank to come with him and, after arriving, they discover the ruse, but Dr. Nefarious brings a Light-Eating Z'Grute back to life. The Light-Eating Z'Grute gets out of Nefarious' control, however, and they all work together to stop it. After killing the Light-Eating Z'Grute, they get captured by a mysterious drone, but they break free thanks to a little Tharpod girl called Susie. After escaping, they realize they are on an unknown planet and that if they want to get back home, they will have to cooperate.
Full Frontal Assault[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault
Full Frontal Assault (QForce outside of North America) was announced on May 30, 2011. The game was announced as part of a 'surprise' from Insomniac Games to mark the 10th anniversary since the original game was released.[8]
The gameplay is described as a tower defense, a deviation from the platforming/combat common to the rest of the series, where Ratchet has to fight enemies over 5 levels on 3 different planets. It was released on November 27, 2012 on the PlayStation 3 with the PlayStation Vita version delayed until May 21, 2013.[9]
Mobile[edit]
Going Mobile[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank: Going Mobile
Going Mobile is the series' first game for mobile phones. Ratchet and Clank are trapped inside the McGuFFin and they have to get out.
Before the Nexus[edit]
Before the Nexus is an "endless-running" game to promote Into the Nexus. Players have to collect bolts and defeat enemies. The game was released on December 19, 2013, exclusively for iOS and Android platforms.
Collections[edit]
Ratchet & Clank Collection[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank Collection
Ratchet & Clank Collection[10] (known as The Ratchet & Clank Trilogy in Europe[11]) is a video game that contains high-definition remastered ports of the PlayStation 2 games Ratchet & Clank, Going Commando and Up Your Arsenal for the PlayStation 3 on a single Blu-ray Disc as a Classics HD title, published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The games were originally developed by Insomniac Games, who have assisted in the remastering alongside Idol Minds to provide support for high-definition monitors, higher frame rates, stereoscopic 3D, and additional features for the PlayStation Network. The HD collection was released on June 29, 2012 in Europe and on August 28, 2012 in North America.[12] A PlayStation Vita version of the Collection was released in Europe on July 2, 2014 and it was released in North America on July 29, 2014. The Vita version was again ported by Insomniac Games, but this time with help from Mass Media Inc.
Setting[edit]
Ratchet and Clank is set in a fictional universe that emphasizes interplanetary travel within several different galaxies. Numerous biological and robotic species populate these planets, which range from highly developed metropolises to uncolonized biospheres. The Future series introduced additional elements of time travel and interdimensional travel within certain levels.
Lombaxes[edit]
The two main characters of the series: Clank (left) and Ratchet (right).
The Lombax is a fictional species from the series. Lombaxes originated from the planet Fastoon and have an appearance similar to bipedal anthropomorphic felines with a tail similar to that of a lion. Unlike most other organic species in the games' universe, which have two fingers and thumb on each hand, lombaxes possess the human hand configuration (four fingers and thumb on each hand). The species has an instinctive affinity towards gadgetry and machines. The only Lombaxes featured in the series are Ratchet, Angela Cross and Alister Azimuth. Ratchet's father is mentioned by Azimuth, but is never actually seen in the series. According to a news broadcast in A Crack in Time, Angela Cross is a Lombax who has been missing for 3 years; she doesn't have a tail, as it is revealed that female Lombaxes lack one. Ratchet is left as the last known Lombax in his dimension after A Crack in Time, as Azimuth dies and Angela is missing in action; her current location is unknown.
Characters[edit]
Main article: List of Ratchet & Clank characters
The main characters in the series are Ratchet, a Lombax mechanic from the planet Veldin, and his robot friend Clank, who was created by a supposedly malfunctioning machine. However, in Ratchet and Clank Future: A Crack in Time, it is revealed Clank has a Zoni father named Orvus, who was said to have created this machine and purposely created Clank. The player controls Ratchet for the majority of each game (with the exception of Secret Agent Clank), though certain missions will require the player to directly control Clank. Otherwise, Clank sits on Ratchet's back (in a backpack-like fashion) and is used to provide useful jumping, hovering and diving abilities through various upgrades. These upgrades are given over the course of the first game, but Clank retains them through the later ones. Throughout the series, the duo will often encounter Captain Qwark, an ego-driven, false, green-costumed superhero that may help or hinder Ratchet and Clank's goals in some way. Dr. Nefarious, the robotic main antagonist of the series, usually makes an appearance to attempt to conquer the universe. "The Plumber," a minor recurring character, has appeared in some form or another in most titles.
Gameplay[edit]
The Ratchet & Clank games feature a mix of platforming, action and role-playing gameplay elements presented in the third-person perspective, focused on the use of unique and unusual weapons and gadgets that Ratchet gains over the course of each game. Ratchet starts each game with his versatile Omniwrench for melee attacks, but new weapons are made available by completing missions or buying them through a weapon vendor. Most weapons have a limited amount of ammunition, requiring the player to use weapons effectively to avoid running out of firepower. Ammunition can be restocked from vendors or by breaking crates scattered about the levels. In most later games, weapons can be upgraded through both repeated use of the weapon and by purchasing weapon modifications. The weapons in each game can range from standard weapon archetypes such as machine guns or sniper rifles to unique weapons such as transformation guns and decoy launchers. Typically the weapon set is a mixture of new weapons for the current title, and weapons returning from a previous title. In the case of Going Commando and Up Your Arsenal, the weapons returning from the previous game can either be purchased or the save file from the previous game can be used to obtain them for free and/or a reduced price.
In addition to weapons, Ratchet gains many gadgets with varying uses. Some gadgets are necessary to travel about some levels, such as "Grind Boots" that allow Ratchet to grind on rails, or a Swingshot (portable, reusable grappling hook) that allows him to grapple a target and swing across gaps. Other gadgets can be used in combat as a means to distract foes, and others are needed to unlock certain doors and thus continue missions; in these cases, the player typically must solve a puzzle minigame in order to successfully use the gadget and unlock the door.
Each game is broken down into a series of missions that take place on numerous planets across the galaxy. While most objectives must be completed in a certain order to progress the main story, other objectives are optional but can lead to useful rewards. Once the player has completed a mission on a planet, they can typically return to any previous planet they have visited to attempt missions they could not complete before. In addition to objectives based on platforming and weapon elements, missions may include minigames such as various races and arena combat. Typically, one or two of these minigames must be performed as part of the main story, but further optional challenges can be done to earn greater rewards, typically in the form of "bolts", the unit of currency used throughout the game. There are also missions that focus on Clank, often controlling a set of smaller robots called Gadgebots, to travel through areas that Ratchet cannot.
In addition to the main gameplay missions, the player can attempt to find special large bolts that are typically hidden or difficult to get to that can be used to upgrade or buy powerful weapons. There are also Skill Points spread throughout the game, which require the player to complete a specific task guided only by the name of the Skill Point. Skill Points are used to unlock extra features such as concept artwork or additional outfits for Ratchet. Each game (excluding Quest for Booty, All 4 One, and Full Frontal Assault) also presents a "Challenge Mode", available after the player has completed the main story; in this mode, the player replays the game, facing more difficult enemies in exchange for a higher bolt payout or more powerful weapon upgrades.
Reception[edit]
Aggregate review scores
As of April 29, 2016.
Game
GameRankings
Metacritic
Ratchet & Clank
(PS2) 90%[13] (PS2) 88[14]
Going Commando
(PS2) 91%[15] (PS2) 90[16]
Up Your Arsenal
(PS2) 92%[17] (PS2) 91[18]
Ratchet: Deadlocked
(PS2) 83%[19] (PS2) 81[20]
Future: Tools of Destruction
(PS3) 89%[21] (PS3) 89[22]
Future: Quest for Booty
(PS3) 78%[23] (PS3) 76[24]
Future: A Crack in Time
(PS3) 88%[25] (PS3) 87[26]
Into the Nexus
(PS3) 77%[27] (PS3) 76[28]
Size Matters
(PSP) 85%[29]
(PS2) 64.14%[30] (PSP) 85[31]
(PS2) 62[32]
Secret Agent Clank
(PSP) 74%[33]
(PS2) 61%[34] (PSP) 72[35]
(PS2) 61[36]
All 4 One
(PS3) 71%[37] (PS3) 70[38]
Full Frontal Assault
(PS3) 65%[39]
(Vita) 54%[40] (PS3) 64[41]
Collection
(PS3) 84%[42] (PS3) 83[43]
Ratchet & Clank PS4
(PS4) 87%[44] (PS4) 85[45]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2015)
Games in the Ratchet & Clank series have been met with positive reviews, with review aggregator scores ranging from 61 to 91 on Metacritic, and 61% to 92% on GameRankings. The first three games, Ratchet & Clank, Going Commando, and Up Your Arsenal in particular have all been met with critical acclaim. None of the core games in the series (Ratchet & Clank to Deadlocked, the Future series, and the PS4 game) have been rated below 76% on Metacritic, showing a very high standard of quality for a long running video game series.
The most recent game in the series, "Ratchet & Clank (PS4)", quickly became the fastest selling game in the franchise's history.[46]
Other media[edit]
Manga[edit]
A manga of Ratchet and Clank named Ratchet & Clank: Bang Bang Bang! Critical Danger of the Galaxy Legend (ラチェット & クランク ガガガ! 銀河のがけっぷち伝説, Rachetto & Kuranku: Ga Ga Ga! Ginga no Gakeppuchi Densetsu) was serialized starting on February 2004 in the bi-monthly edition of the Japanese magazine, CoroCoro Comic. It is drawn by Shinbo Nomura, and has finished in the February 2008 edition of the magazine.
The first volume containing the first 12 chapters was released on November 28, 2005. As of recently, a collection set was announced. A release date for when the set is to be released has yet to be determined. As of January 2013, the manga is still only available in Japan.
Film adaptation[edit]
Main article: Ratchet & Clank (film)
A theatrical Ratchet & Clank animated feature film adaptation was announced in April 2013, with a planned release in 2015 but was delayed to 2016. It eventually released on April 29, 2016. The film was developed by the Blockade Entertainment Studios and Rainmaker Entertainment, the same production company that produced the world's first half-hour, entirely computer animated television series ReBoot, and is distributed by Focus Features and Gramercy Pictures, along with partnerships from Sony Interactive Entertainment (formerly Sony Computer Entertainment) and Insomniac Games. The film is presented in 3D CGI, and works with the in-game models during the pre-visualization stage to help block out the film. Insomniac's writer, TJ Fixman, wrote the script, and principal voice actors James Arnold Taylor, David Kaye, Jim Ward and Armin Shimerman reprised their roles as Ratchet, Clank, Qwark and Nefarious respectively for the film.[47] Other members of a star-studded cast included Paul Giamatti, John Goodman, Bella Thorne, Rosario Dawson and Sylvester Stallone.[48] The film is a retelling of the events of the original game detailing how Ratchet and Clank first met, as well as their fight against Chairman Drek.[49]
Merchandise[edit]
Official strategy guide books, published by Prima Games or Brady Games, have been released for almost all installments in the series. A comic book series consisting of 6 issues was written by T.J. Fixman with art by Adam Archer and was released by Wildstorm from September 2010 to February 2011, with the full series compiled into one book in July 2011.[50] Other merchandise includes action figures, statues, plush toys, and clothing available through various vendors, conventions, promotions or employees-only events.
Other video games[edit]
Since its inception, Easter eggs, extra content and references to the Ratchet & Clank series have been present in various other Sony Computer Entertainment-licensed properties, such as Jak and Daxter, Sly Cooper, LittleBigPlanet and Resistance. The title characters have been playable in Sony's PlayStation Home, Move Heroes and All-Stars Battle Royale crossover games.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank (PS4) - Insomniac Games". Insomniac Games. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
Jump up ^ Turi, Tim (September 2, 2012). "Insomniac Announces Ratchet: Deadlocked HD". Game Informer. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet: Gladiator HD out now in EU". September 25, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "IGN: Quest for Booty". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Moriarty, Colin (July 10, 2013). "Traditional Ratchet and Clank Is Back With Into the Nexus". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Haynes, Jeff (November 19, 2011). "TGS 2007: Secret Agent Clank First Look". IGN. News Corporation.
Jump up ^ "New Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One trailer showcases explosive co-op action". GAME. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Tim (February 11, 2013). "Review: Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault". Quarter Disorder. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/10/26/ratchet-clank-full-frontal-assaults-release-date
Jump up ^ "The Ratchet And Clank Trilogy – Coming May 2012". Retrieved March 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Ratchet & Clank Trilogy Going 1080p on PS3, Multiplayer Included". Retrieved March 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ The date for Europe varies from source to source, some say either 28th and 29th.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Up Your Arsenal Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet: Deadlocked Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet: Deadlocked Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Secret Agent Clank Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Secret Agent Clank Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Secret Agent Clank Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Secret Agent Clank Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: All 4 One Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank: Full Frontal Assault Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Collection Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Collection Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank Collection Reviews". GameRankings. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank PS4 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ratchet-and-clank-ps4-breaks-franchise-sales-recor/1100-6439357/
Jump up ^ Gaudiosi, John (April 23, 2013). "Sony PlayStation Franchise Ratchet And Clank Goes Hollywood With 3D Feature Film". Forbes. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ratchet & Clank movie cast includes Paul Giamatti, Rosario Dawson, Sylvester Stallone". Polygon. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Carle, Chris (April 23, 2013). "Ratchet and Clank Animated Movie Headed to Theaters". IGN. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ratchet & Clank comics coming September 8 |Joystiq
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