text:
Have You Ever Seen the Rain?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain"
Single by Creedence Clearwater Revival
from the album Pendulum
B-side
"Hey Tonight"
Released
January 1971
Format
7 in 45 rpm
Recorded
1970
Genre
Roots rock
country rock
Length
2:39
Label
Fantasy
Songwriter(s)
John Fogerty
Producer(s)
John Fogerty
Creedence Clearwater Revival singles chronology
"Lookin' Out My Back Door"
(1970) "Have You Ever Seen the Rain"
(1971) "Sweet Hitch-Hiker"
(1971)
"Lookin' Out My Back Door"
(1970) "Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"
(1971) "Sweet Hitch-Hiker"
(1971)
Music video
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" (lyric video) on YouTube
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" is a song written by John Fogerty and released as a single in 1971 from the album Pendulum (1970) by roots rock group Creedence Clearwater Revival. The song charted highest in Canada, reaching number one on the RPM 100 national singles chart in March 1971.[1] In the U.S., in the same year it peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart (where it was listed as "Have You Ever Seen the Rain? / Hey Tonight", together with the B-side).[2] On Cash Box pop chart, it peaked at number three. In the UK, it reached number 36. It was the group's eighth gold-selling single.[3]
Some have speculated that the song's lyrics are referencing the Vietnam War, with the "rain" being a metaphor for bombs falling from the sky.[4] In his review of the song for Allmusic website, Mark Deming suggests that the song is about the idealism of the 1960s and about it fading in the wake of events such as the Altamont Free Concert and the Kent State shootings and that Fogerty is saying that the same issues of the 1960s still existed in the 1970s but that people were no longer fighting for them.[5] However, Fogerty himself has said in interviews and prior to playing the song in concert that the song is about rising tension within CCR and the imminent departure of his brother Tom from the band.[6] In an interview, Fogerty stated that the song was written about the fact that they were on the top of the charts, and had surpassed all of their wildest expectations of fame and fortune. They were rich and famous, but somehow all of the members of the band at the time were depressed and unhappy. Thus the line "Have you ever seen the rain, coming down on a sunny day." The band split in October the following year after the release of the album Mardi Gras.
In a literal sense the song describes a sunshower such in the lyric "It'll rain a sunny day" and the chorus "have you ever seen the rain Comin' down on a sunny day?".[7] These events are particularly common in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, but less common in other parts of the country, due to localized atmospheric wind sheer effects.[7] In Southern regional dialect, there is even a term for it: "the devil beating his wife".[7]
John Fogerty released a live version of the song on his The Long Road Home - In Concert DVD which was recorded at the Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles, California on September 15, 2005.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart performance
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 Cover versions
3 Spanish-language versions
4 References
5 External links
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Peak
position
Australia 6
Austria 6
Belgium 6
Canada RPM Top Singles[8] 1
Finland 13
Netherlands 3
New Zealand (Listener)[9] 3
Norway 2
Sweden 8
UK (OCC) 36
US Billboard Hot 100[10] 8
US Cash Box Top 100[11] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Rank
Australia [12] 40
Canada [13] 13
US Cash Box [14] 60
Cover versions[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Arvingarna
Spin Doctors for the film Philadelphia, and also released as a single
Belinda Carlisle
Brian Fallon has covered this song live
Boney M.
Bonnie Tyler covered this song on her album Faster Than the Speed of Night (Spain #8, IE #13, France #40, UK #47, Germany #63)
Cassandra Wilson
Dr. Sin
Dr Victor and the Rasta Rebels [15]
Emmerson Nogueira
Hi-Standard
Heroes del Silencio
Joan Jett covered this song on her album The Hit List. This version was also featured in the second-season finale of The Wire.
Johnny Cash
Kipelov has covered this song live in 2013
The Lumineers occasionally play live with their song, Big Parade
Willie Nelson and Paula Nelson, on the 2013 album To All the Girls...
Sass Jordan
Mango, did a piano and vocal version from the album Acchiappanuvole (2008)
Melanie Safka
Priscila Y Sus Balas De Plata covered the song in Spanish, entitled "Ven Por Favor."
The Minutemen
Needtobreathe often covers this song live in concert
R.E.M. have covered this song live
Rod Stewart covered this song in 2006 and released it in the cover album Still the Same... Great Rock Classics of Our Time
Smokie
T.Love
Teenage Fanclub
Karen Souza
The Fray
The Jeevas
The Ramones covered this song on their thirteenth studio album Acid Eaters, recorded in 1993 (album entirely composed of covers)
The Ventures
Rise Against
Saving Abel plays this song live on some occasions
The Low Life
Amy Gilliom
Sawyer Fredericks and Noel Bybee performed and recorded this song as a duet during the battle rounds of The Voice Season 8 in 2015
Love Psychedelico Recorded on their album Abbott Kinney
It was performed on American Idol Season 11 by Phillip Phillips, and again on the results show with John Fogerty.
Allison Moorer on her 2015 Down to Believing album
Amy Hanaiali'i with The Matt Catingub Orchestra of Hawai'i CD 2008
Garik Sukachov
Spanish-language versions[edit]
Laureano Brizuela - "Cerca de ti"
Eduardo Palomo - "¿Quien va a perder?"
Ana Gabriel - "Ven a ver Llover"
Juan Gabriel - "Have You Ever Seen The Rain? (Gracias al Sol)"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Item: 2736 - Library and Archives Canada". Retrieved 2016-03-03.
"Item: 2795 - Library and Archives Canada". Retrieved 2016-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
Jump up ^ Chronicle, Vol. 1 Linear notes
Jump up ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival - Have You Ever Seen The Rain Lyrics". SongMeanings. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
Jump up ^ Mark Deming. "Have You Ever Seen the Rain? - Creedence Clearwater Revival | Listen, Appearances, Song Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
Jump up ^ "Have You Ever Seen The Rain? by Creedence Clearwater Revival Songfacts". Songfacts.com. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c Simon Mahan (September 2, 2016). "Did a rock band explain why wind power will work in the south, 45 years ago?". Southern Alliance for Clean Energy. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ http://www.flavourofnz.co.nz/index.php?qpageID=search%20listener&qartistid=742#n_view_location Flavour of New Zealand, 3 May 1971
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, March 13, 1971
Jump up ^ "Forum - 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2017-06-11. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 25, 1971
Jump up ^ "Dr Victor & The Rasta Rebels - Greatest Hits". Shazam.com. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"One Bad Apple" by The Osmonds Canadian RPM 100 number-one single
March 13–20, 1971 Succeeded by
"Doesn't Somebody Want to Be Wanted" by The Partridge Family
[show]
v
t
e
Spin Doctors
Chris Barron
Aaron Comess
Eric Schenkman
Mark White
Anthony Krizan
Ivan Neville
Eran Tabib
Carl Carter
Studio albums
Pocket Full of Kryptonite (1991)
Turn It Upside Down (1994)
You've Got to Believe in Something (1996)
Here Comes the Bride (1999)
Nice Talking to Me (2005)
If the River Was Whiskey (2013)
Compilation albums
Just Go Ahead Now: A Retrospective (2000)
Live albums
Up for Grabs...Live (1991)
Homebelly Groove...Live (1992)
Singles
"Little Miss Can't Be Wrong"
"Two Princes"
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"
[show]
v
t
e
Creedence Clearwater Revival
Doug Clifford
Stu Cook
John Fogerty
Tom Fogerty
Studio albums
Creedence Clearwater Revival
Bayou Country
Green River
Willy and the Poor Boys
Cosmo's Factory
Pendulum
Mardi Gras
Live albums
Live in Europe
The Concert
Compilations
Creedence Gold
More Creedence Gold
Pre-Creedence
Chronicle, Vol. 1
The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival
20 Golden Greats
Creedence Country
Hits Album
At the Movies
Chronicle, Vol. 2
Rollin' on the River
Heartland Music Presents Creedence Clearwater Revival
Keep On Chooglin'
Creedence Clearwater Revival: Box Set
Bad Moon Rising: The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival
Platinum
Creedence Clearwater Revival Covers the Classics
Singles
"Porterville"/"Call It Pretending"
"Suzie Q. (Part 1)"/"Suzie Q. (Part 2)"
"I Put a Spell on You"/"Walk on the Water"
"Proud Mary"/"Born on the Bayou"
"Bad Moon Rising"/"Lodi"
"Green River"/"Commotion"
"Down on the Corner"/"Fortunate Son"
"Travelin' Band"/"Who'll Stop the Rain"
"Run Through the Jungle"/"Up Around the Bend"
"Lookin' Out My Back Door"/"Long As I Can See the Light"
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"/"Hey Tonight"
"Sweet Hitch-Hiker"/"Door to Door"
"Someday Never Comes"/"Tearin' up the Country"
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine"/"Good Golly Miss Molly"
Related articles
Discography
The Blue Velvets
The Golliwogs
Creedence Clearwater Revisited
Recollection
Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
Saul Zaentz
Fantasy Records
Book:Creedence Clearwater Revival
[show]
v
t
e
Bonnie Tyler songs
Discography
The World Starts Tonight
"Lost in France"
"More Than a Lover"
Natural Force
"It's a Heartache"
"Living for the City"
"Heaven"
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"
"Here Am I"
Diamond Cut
"Too Good to Last"
"My Guns Are Loaded"
Goodbye to the Island
"I'm Just a Woman"
"Sometimes When We Touch"
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
"Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean"
"I Believe in Your Sweet Love"
Faster Than the Speed of Night
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"
"Faster Than the Speed of Night"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
"Straight from the Heart"
Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire
"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)"
"Loving You's a Dirty Job but Somebody's Gotta Do It"
"Band of Gold"
"Lovers Again"
"Holding Out for a Hero"
Hide Your Heart
"Hide Your Heart"
"Don't Turn Around"
"Save Up All Your Tears"
"To Love Somebody"
"The Best"
Bitterblue
"Against the Wind"
"Bitterblue"
"Where Were You"
Angel Heart
"Fools Lullaby"
"I Cry Myself to Sleep at Night"
Silhouette in Red
"You Are So Beautiful"
Free Spirit
"You're the One"
"Making Love Out of Nothing at All"
"Bridge over Troubled Water"
"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"
All in One Voice
"Angel of the Morning"
"I Put a Spell on You"
"The Rose"
"He's the King"
"Silent Night"
Heart Strings
"Human Touch"
"Everybody Hurts"
"Amazed"
"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)"
"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"
"Lean on Me"
"In My Life"
"Learning to Fly"
"Right Here Waiting"
"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Need Your Love So Bad"
"It's Over"
Simply Believe
"Si demain... (Turn Around)"
"Si tout s'arrête (It's a Heartache)
"Darlin'"
Wings
"Louise"
Rocks and Honey
"This Is Gonna Hurt"
"Believe in Me"
"What You Need from Me"
"Love Is the Knife"
"Mom"
Collaborations
"A Rockin' Good Way (to Mess Around and Fall in Love)"
"Islands"
"Vergiß Es (Forget It)"
"Amour Éternel (Eternal Flame)"
"Love's Holding On"
Other songs
"Sayonara Tokyo"
"Here She Comes"
"The Desert Is in Your Heart"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Have_You_Ever_Seen_the_Rain%3F&oldid=800071646"
Categories:
Creedence Clearwater Revival songs
1970 songs
1971 singles
Joan Jett songs
Ramones songs
Bonnie Tyler songs
Spin Doctors songs
Rock ballads
1970s ballads
Songs written by John Fogerty
Song recordings produced by John Fogerty
Fantasy Records singles
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Articles needing additional references from January 2012
All articles needing additional references
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Català
Čeština
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Magyar
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Suomi
Svenska
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 September 2017, at 10:37.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values: Pendulum (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values:
/wiki/The_Long_Road_Home_-_In_Concert
mw-redirect
The Long Road Home - In Concert

values:
/wiki/Wiltern_Theatre
mw-redirect
Wiltern Theatre

values:
/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California
mw-redirect
Los Angeles, California

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/The_Official_Charts_Company
mw-redirect
The Official Charts Company

values:
/wiki/Cash_Box_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Cash Box (magazine)

values:
text-align:center;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Heroes_del_Silencio
mw-redirect
Heroes del Silencio

values:
/wiki/Giuseppe_Mango
mw-redirect
Giuseppe Mango

values:
/wiki/R.E.M._(band)
mw-redirect
R.E.M. (band)

values:
/wiki/The_Ramones
mw-redirect
The Ramones

values:
/wiki/Amy_Gilliom
mw-redirect
Amy Gilliom

values: Amy Hanaiali'i with The Matt Catingub Orchestra of Hawai'i (page does not exist)

values: International Standard Book Number (identifier)

values:
Spin_Doctors
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template talk:Creedence Clearwater Revival

values:
Creedence_Clearwater_Revival
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: Live in Europe (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)

values: The Concert (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)

values: The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival

values: 20 Golden Greats (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)

values: At the Movies (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)

values: Creedence Clearwater Revival Covers the Classics

values:
/wiki/Porterville_(song)
mw-redirect
Porterville (song)

values: Lodi (Creedence Clearwater Revival song)

values:
/wiki/Long_As_I_Can_See_the_Light
mw-redirect
Long As I Can See the Light

values:
/wiki/Good_Golly_Miss_Molly
mw-redirect
Good Golly Miss Molly

values: Creedence Clearwater Revival discography

values: Recollection (Creedence Clearwater Revisited album)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Template talk:Bonnie Tyler songs (page does not exist)

values:
Bonnie_Tyler_songs
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
/wiki/Sitting_on_the_Edge_of_the_Ocean
mw-redirect
Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean

values: I Cry Myself to Sleep at Night (page does not exist)

values: Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)

values: Learning to Fly (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song)

values: I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For

values: Category:Creedence Clearwater Revival songs

values: Category:Song recordings produced by John Fogerty

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2012

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Have_You_Ever_Seen_the_Rain%3F
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: تابه‌حال باران را دیده‌ای؟ – Persian

values: Have You Ever Seen the Rain? – Hungarian

values: Have You Ever Seen the Rain? – Norwegian Nynorsk

values: Have You Ever Seen the Rain? – Portuguese

values: Have You Ever Seen the Rain? – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Have_You_Ever_Seen_the_Rain rootpage-Have_You_Ever_Seen_the_Rain skin-vector action-view


text:
Baca family of New Mexico
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Baca
Current region
New Mexico, United States
Etymology
variant of Vaca
Place of origin
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
The progenitors of the Baca family of New Mexico were Cristóbal Baca (Vaca) and his wife Ana Ortiz. Cristóbal was a military captain who arrived in 1600 with his family in order to help reinforce the Spanish colonial Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico province in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (colonial México). At the time, they had three grown daughters and a small son. The Bacas had another son while living in Nuevo Mexico.[1] the family then moved to Grants, New Mexico.
Contents
[hide]
1 Family history
2 Cabeza de Baca family
3 Possible origin of the surname
4 Genealogical misconceptions
4.1 Ortiz/Pacheco line
4.2 Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
5 Notable family members
6 Places named after the Baca family
7 Other locations of interest
8 Footnotes
9 Further reading
10 Sources
Family history[edit]
Cristóbal, the son of Juan de Vaca, was born in colonial Mexico City around 1567. His wife, also from that city, was the daughter of Francisco Pacheco. Their children born in Mexico City were Juana de Zamora, Isabel de Bohórquez, María de Villanueva, and Antonio Baca. Of the daughters, Juana married Simón Pérez de Bustillo, Isabel was the wife of Pedro Durán y Chaves, and María married Simón de Abendaño.[2]
Antonio Baca was born c. 1600. He was married to Yumar Pérez de Bustillo who was born c.1591. They had three daughters: Gertudris, who married Antonio Jorge; Ana, who married Francisco López de Aragón, and Antonia, who was the wife of Antonio de Albizu. It does not appear that Antonio had any sons to carry on the Baca name. Antonio was executed on 21 July 1643 for treason against the colonial government.[3]
Alonzo Baca, born in Nuevo Mexico, was the youngest sibling. Although he took part in the same conspiracy that resulted in his brother Antonio's death, Alonzo survived the affair. He may have had at least one son, another Cristóbal Baca. It appears that the Baca surname may have continued through Alonzo’s progeny, including the second Cristóbal Baca.[4]
The Pueblo Revolt occurred in 1680. Subsequently, many Spanish families fled Nuevo Mexico as refugees. When the Spaniards re-conquered the territory in 1693, a Manuel Baca and his family were among those who returned to Santa Fe. Manuel was born c. 1653 and was the son of the second Cristóbal Baca. Manuel apparently had at least eight children with his wife María de Salazar. After arriving in New Mexico, they soon began living on land in Bernalillo previously owned by Manuel‘s father.[5]
Cabeza de Baca family[edit]
The Cabeza de Baca family is an offshoot of the Baca family. The progenitor of this family is Luis María Cabeza de Baca. He was born as Luis Maria Baca on 26 October 1754, the oldest son of Juan Antonio Baca and Maria Romero. He had over 20 children by three different wives.[6] The Cabeza de Baca family are often known by the abbreviated surnames of either C. de Baca or de Baca.
Possible origin of the surname[edit]
The surname "Baca" is often assumed to be a variation of the name "Cabeza de Vaca." Cabeza de Vaca means "head of a cow" in Spanish. There are two possible origins of this name:
A Spanish shepherd, Martin Alhaja, was given the name by the Castilian King Alfonso VIII. In 1212 Alhaja placed a cow skull on the road that led over a pass in the mountains. Using this shepherds path to infiltrate soldiers behind the Moorish position led to the victory of the Spanish king over the Moors at the battle of Navas de Tolosa in Andalusia. He was awarded a coat-of-arms that included cow skulls in its design.
A Spanish knight named Fernan Ruiz distinguished himself in a victory over the Moors at Córdoba in 1235. For his services, the king added Cabeza de Vaca to Ruiz's name. This name was taken from the area where the knight was born. Research into Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca's genealogy indicates that a number of his ancestors and other relatives had the name Fernan Ruiz.[7]
Genealogical misconceptions[edit]
Ortiz/Pacheco line[edit]
Some researchers have discovered an erroneous link between Crístobal Baca’s wife Ana Ortíz and Christopher Columbus, among others. As noted previously, Ana Ortíz was the daughter of one Francisco Pacheco. At least three separate articles published in genealogical journals have identified this man as Francisco Pacheco de Cordóva.[8] Not only have researchers found that Pacheco de Córdova had an impressive lineage, but so did his wife Juana de la Cueva y Toledo Colón.
Ana Ortíz has also been shown to be related to the famed explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and Francisco Enriques, the Duke of Alburquerque.[9] The problem with this finding is that Francisco Pacheco de Córdova, and presumably his wife, would have been too young to be the parents of Ana Ortíz. Pacheco was born in 1573, while Ana Ortíz’s daughter Isabel de Bohórquez was born c. 1586. Thus Pacheco would have been only 13 years older than the woman who would supposedly have been his granddaughter.[10]
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca[edit]
One assumption is that famed Spanish explorer Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was an ancestor of Juan de Vaca and, consequently, Cristóbal Baca. In 1988, Dr. Eric Beerman reviewed the research that had been done on Cabeza de Vaca, and did not discover any information that this explorer had any direct descendants. However, he did not completely rule out that possibility.[11] Another researcher, George C' de Baca, did extensive research but was unable to find a connection between the New Mexico Baca family and the Cabeza de Vaca family in Spain. However, it is still generally assumed that the Baca surname originated from this noble family.[12]
Notable family members[edit]
John Philip Baca, Congressional Medal of Honor recipient[13]
Edward D. Baca, first Hispanic head of the National Guard Bureau, Lieutenant General U.S. Army (ret.)
Elfego Baca, frontier personality
Fabiola Cabeza de Baca Gilbert, writer and educator.[14]
Jimmy Santiago Baca, Poet
Jim Baca, former Albuquerque, New Mexico Mayor
Joe Baca, U.S. Representative from California - born in Belen, New Mexico
Judy Baca, contemporary artist
Polly Baca-Barragan, First Mexican-American to serve in the Colorado Legislature [15][16]
Places named after the Baca family[edit]
Baca County, Colorado
Baca Ranch in Colorado
Baca Ranch in New Mexico
Baca National Wildlife Refuge in Colorado
Bacaville, New Mexico
De Baca County, New Mexico
Trinidad, Colorado - named after Trinidad Baca
Baca House, Trinidad, Colorado
Baca Mansion, Las Vegas, New Mexico
Vacaville, California
Other locations of interest[edit]
Rancho Los Putos
Valles Caldera
Vaca Mountains
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Chávez, Fray Angélico, Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period, rev. ed. (Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 1992) p. 9
Jump up ^ Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families’, p. 9-10.
Jump up ^ Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families,, p. 10.
Jump up ^ Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families, p. 10.
Jump up ^ Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families, p. 141.
Jump up ^ Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families, p. 152.
Jump up ^ Beerman, Dr. Eric, “The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca” in The Louisiana Genealogical Register, June 1988: Vol. XXXV, No. 2, 101-110.
Jump up ^ Beerman, “The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza be Vaca”; Jaskolski, Ernie, “The Francisco Vasquez Coronado Connection to New Mexico Descendants” in The New Mexico Genealogist, September 1995: Vol. XXXIV, No. 3; and, Sanchez, Ernest J., “Beyond Origins of New Mexico Families: The Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus), Francisco Vásquez Coronado, and Francisco Enriques (Duque de Alburquerque) Connection to Doña Ana María Ortiz” in Herencia, January 1999: Vol. 7, issue 1
Jump up ^ Sanchez, “Beyond Origins: Crístobal Colón, et al.”
Jump up ^ Esquibel, Jose Antonio, “The Baca-Ortiz Family and Don Francisco Pacheco de Córdoba y Bocanegra: Otra Vez” in Beyond Origins of New Mexico Families(dead link).
Jump up ^ Beerman, “The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza be Vaca”, p.112.
Jump up ^ C' de Baca, George, "More on the Cabeza de Vaca Debate," in Herencia, October 1999: Volume 7, issue 4, pp. 51-52.
Jump up ^ John Baca
Jump up ^ McShane, Becky Jo. Wishart, David J., ed. "De Baca, Fabiola Cabeza (1898-1933)". Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.bookrags.com/biography/polly-baca-barragan/
Jump up ^ http://www.answers.com/topic/polly-baca-barrag-n
Further reading[edit]
Fray Angélico Chávez, Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period, revised edition. (Santa Fe Museum of New Mexico, 1992), (ISBN 978-0-89013-239-5).
David H. Snow, New Mexico's first colonists: The 1597-1600 enlistments for New Mexico under Juan de Oñate, Adelante & Gobernador, ISBN 0-9652463-0-2, ISBN 978-0-9652463-0-9.
Sources[edit]
Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baca_family_of_New_Mexico&oldid=795789986"
Categories:
American families of Mexican ancestry
American families of Spanish ancestry
Baca family of New Mexico
Surnames
People from New Mexico
People of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico
People from De Baca County, New Mexico
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from February 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 16 August 2017, at 13:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href title

value: td

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Vaca_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Vaca (disambiguation)

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: class style

values:
/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_Mexico
mw-redirect
Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico

values:
/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain
mw-redirect
Viceroyalty of New Spain

values:
/wiki/Progeny_(genetic_descendant)
mw-redirect
Progeny (genetic descendant)

values: Cabeza de Baca family (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Possible origin of the surname

values:
/wiki/Martin_Alhaja
mw-redirect
Martin Alhaja

values:
/wiki/Alfonso_VIII
mw-redirect
Alfonso VIII

values:
/wiki/Navas_de_Tolosa
mw-redirect
Navas de Tolosa

values:
/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spain)
mw-redirect
Córdoba (Spain)

values: Edit section: Genealogical misconceptions

values: Edit section: Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca

values:
/wiki/Alvar_Nu%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca
mw-redirect
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca

values:
/wiki/John_Philip_Baca
mw-redirect
John Philip Baca

values:
/wiki/U.S._Representative
mw-redirect
U.S. Representative

values:
/wiki/Contemporary_artist
mw-redirect
Contemporary artist

values:
/wiki/Polly_Baca-Barragan
mw-redirect
Polly Baca-Barragan

values: Edit section: Places named after the Baca family

values: Bacaville, New Mexico (page does not exist)

values: Edit section: Other locations of interest

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Fray_Ang%C3%A9lico_Ch%C3%A1vez
mw-redirect
Fray Angélico Chávez

values: Santa Fe Museum of New Mexico (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
http://www.hgrc-nm.org/
external text

values: Category:American families of Mexican ancestry

values: Category:American families of Spanish ancestry

values: Category:People of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico

values: Category:People from De Baca County, New Mexico

values: Category:Use dmy dates from February 2011

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Baca_family_of_New_Mexico
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Baca_family_of_New_Mexico rootpage-Baca_family_of_New_Mexico skin-vector action-view


text:
List of submarine classes in service
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The list of submarine classes in service includes all submarine classes currently in service with navies or other armed forces worldwide. For surface combatants, see the list of naval ship classes in service.
Contents
[hide]
1 Ballistic missile submarines and tae
2 Guided missile submarines
3 Nuclear-powered attack submarines
4 Diesel-electric attack submarines
5 Non-nuclear submarines with air-independent propulsion
6 Special mission submarines
7 See also
8 References
Ballistic missile submarines and tae[edit]
Arihant Class ballistic missile submarine (Project ATV)
Builder: India
Displacement: 6,600 tons
Operator: Indian Navy : 1 in service, Building 3
Borei-class ballistic missile submarine (Project 955 Borey)
Builder: Russia
Displacement: 23,800 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 3 in service, 4 ships building
Delta-class ballistic missile submarine (Project 667BDR Kal'mar / 667BDRM Del'fin)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 18,730 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 9 in service, including 3 Delta III and 6 Delta IV
Jin-class ballistic missile submarine (Project 094)
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 9,000 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 4+ in service
Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine (SSBN 726)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 18,450 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 14 in service with ballistic missiles
Triomphant-class ballistic missile submarine
Builder: France
Displacement: 14,000 tons
Operator: French Navy: 4 in service
Typhoon-class ballistic missile submarine (Project 941 Akula)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 33,800 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 1 in active service of 6 built, 2 in reserve.
Vanguard-class ballistic missile submarine
Builder United Kingdom
Displacement: 15,680 tons
Operator: Royal Navy: 4 in service
Xia-class ballistic missile submarine (Project 092)
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 7,000 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 1 in service
Guided missile submarines[edit]
Oscar-class submarine (Project 949A Antey)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 19,400 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 8 in active service plus 2 in reserve
Ohio-class "Tactical Trident": Special Forces and Super Strike (SSGN 726)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 18,750 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 4 in active service each with ~154 Tomahawks
Nuclear-powered attack submarines[edit]
Akula-class submarine (Project 971 Shchuka)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 10,700 tons
Operator:
Russian Navy: 11 in service, including 3 Improved Akula and 2 Akula II
Indian Navy: 1 Akula II in active service and 1 planned[1]
Astute-class submarine
Builder: United Kingdom
Displacement: 7,400 tons
Operator: Royal Navy: 1 in service, 1 launched & 4 under construction out of a total of 7 (ordered) in class
Han-class attack submarine (Type 091)
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 4,500 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 3? in service
Los Angeles-class attack submarine (SSN 688)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 7,000 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 35 in commission
Rubis / Amethyste-class attack submarine
Builder: France
Displacement: 2,670 tons
Operator: French Navy: 6 in service
Seawolf-class attack submarine (SSN 21)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 9,300 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 3 in service (1 as special mission support submarine see USS Jimmy Carter)
Yasen-class submarine (Project 885)
Builder: Russia
Displacement: 11,800 tons
Operator: 2 Building
Shang-class attack submarine (Type 093)
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 8,000 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 2 in service
Sierra-class submarine (Project 945)
Builder: Soviet Union
Displacement: 10,400 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 3 in service, including one Sierra I and two Sierra II submarines
Trafalgar-class submarine
Builder: United Kingdom
Displacement: 5,208 tons
Operator: Royal Navy: 6 in service out of 7 built
Victor-class submarine (Victor III Project 671)
Builder: Soviet Union
Displacement: 7,250 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 8 in service
Virginia-class submarine (SSN 774)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 7,800 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 13 in service, 11 building, 48 planned.
Diesel-electric attack submarines[edit]
Agosta-class submarine
Builder: France / Spain
Displacement: 1,725 tons
Operators:
Pakistan Navy : 5 in service
Spanish Navy: 4 in service
Challenger-class submarine (ex-Sjöormen class)
Builder: Sweden
Displacement: 1,210 tons
Operator: Republic of Singapore Navy: 4 in service
Collins-class submarine
Builder: Australia
Displacement: 3,050 tons
Operator: Royal Australian Navy: 6 in commission
Dolphin-class submarine
Builder: Germany
Displacement: 1,900 tons
Operator: Israeli Navy: 3 in service, 3 AIP building/ordered
Harushio-class submarine
Builder: Japan
Displacement: 2,750 tons
Operator: Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force: 2 training submarines, 5 retired
Kilo-class submarine (Project 877 Paltus and Project 636)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 3,100 tons
Operators:
Indian Navy: 9 Kilo, 1 exploded, known as the Sindhughosh class
People's Liberation Army Navy: 2 Kilo and 10 Improved Kilo in service
Russian Navy: 17 in service plus a number of reserves, 6 Improved Kilo ordered
Algerian National Navy: 2 Original Kilo and 2 Improved Kilo
Polish Navy: 1 Kilo
Islamic Republic of Iran Navy: 3 Kilo
Romanian Naval Forces: 1 Kilo
Vietnam People's Navy: 1 Kilo and 5 Improved Kilo ordered
Kobben-class (Type 207) submarine
Builder: Germany
Displacement: 485 tons
Operators: Polish Navy: 4 in service, handed over from Norway
Ming-class (Type 035) submarine
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 2,100 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 17
Oyashio-class submarine
Builder: Japan
Displacement: 4,000 tons
Operator: Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force: 11 in service
Romeo-class submarine
Builder: Soviet Union
Displacement: 1,830 tons
Operators:
Bulgarian Navy: 1 of many delivered remains in service, restricted capabilities
Sauro-class submarine
Builder: Italy
Displacement: 1,653 tons
Operator: Marina Militare: 4 in service
Song-class submarine
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: 2,250 tons
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 16 in service
TR-1700-class submarine
Builder: Germany
Displacement: 2116 tons
Operators: Argentine Navy: 2 in service
Type 209 submarine
Builder: Germany
Displacement: 1,230/1,290/1,586 tons
Operators:
Argentine Navy: 1 in service
Brazilian Navy: 5 in service
Chilean Navy: 2 in service
Colombian National Navy: 2 in service
Ecuadorian Navy: 2 in service
Hellenic Navy: 7 in service
Indian Navy: 4 in service
Indonesian Navy: 2 in service, 2 under sea trial, 1 under construction
Peruvian Navy: 6 in service
South African Navy: 3 in service
Republic of Korea Navy: 9 in service
Turkish Navy: 14 in service
Bolivarian Armada of Venezuela: 2 in service
Ula-class (Type 210) submarine
Builder: Germany
Displacement: 1,150 tons
Operator: Royal Norwegian Navy: 6 in service
Victoria-class hunter-killer submarine (SSK 876)
Builder: United Kingdom
Displacement: 2,400 tons
Operator: Royal Canadian Navy: 4 in commission
Walrus-class submarine
Builder: Netherlands
Displacement: 2,800 tons
Operator: Royal Netherlands Navy: 4 in service
Zwaardvis-class submarine
Builder: Netherlands
Displacement: 2,600 tons
Operator: Republic of China Navy: 2 in service
Non-nuclear submarines with air-independent propulsion[edit]
Gotland class
Builder: Sweden,
Displacement: 1,647 tons
Operators: Swedish Navy: 3 in service
Lada-class submarine (Project 677 Lada)
Builder: Russia
Displacement: 2,700 tons
Operators: Russian Navy: 1 in service, 3 ordered
S-80 class
Builder: Spain
Displacement: 2,426 tons
Operator: Spanish Navy: 4 building
Scorpène class
Builder: France / Spain
Displacement: 1,590 tons
Operator:
Brazilian Navy: 4 ordered/building
Chilean Navy: 2 in service
Indian Navy: 6 ordered/building
Royal Malaysian Navy: 2 in service
Sōryū class
Builder: Japan
Displacement: 4,200 tons
Operators: Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force: 6 in service, 5 building or planned
Type 212 submarine
Builders: Germany / Italy
Displacement: 1,830 tons
Operators:
German Navy: 4 in service, 2 ordered, 2 more planned
Marina Militare: 2 in service, 2 planned
Type 214 submarine
Builder: Germany,
Displacement: 1,980 tons
Operators:
Hellenic Navy: 1 in service, 3 building
Republic of Korea Navy: 3 in service, 6 building/ordered
Portuguese Navy: 2 in service
Turkish Navy: 6 ordered
Västergötland-class submarine / Archer-class submarine
Builder: Sweden
Displacement: 1,145 tons
Operator:
Swedish Navy: 2 in service
Republic of Singapore Navy: 2 on a delivery program
Yuan-class submarine
Builder: People's Republic of China
Displacement: ?
Operator: People's Liberation Army Navy: 1 in service? plus 3 building
Special mission submarines[edit]
Mystic-class deep sea rescue submersible (DSRV 1)
Builder: United States
Displacement: 37 tons
Operator: United States Navy: 1 in service
Paltus-class special mission submarine (Project 1083.1)
Builder: Russia
Displacement: 730 tons
Operator: Russian Navy
Uniform-class special mission submarine (Project 1910 Kashalot)
Builder: Soviet Union / Russia
Displacement: 1,580 tons
Operator: Russian Navy
Velebit midget submarine
Displacement: 99 tons
Operator: Croatian Navy
Yankee Pod trials submarine (Project 09774)
Builder: Soviet Union
Displacement: 10,100 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 1 in service
Yankee Stretch special mission support submarine (Project 09780)
Builder: Soviet Union
Displacement: 11,600 tons
Operator: Russian Navy: 1 in service
See also[edit]
List of submarine operators
List of naval ship classes in service
List of auxiliary ship classes in service
Admiral Hyman G. Rickover -- (Father of the Nuclear Navy)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "India to Lease a Second Nuclear Submarine From Russia". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
[show]
v
t
e
Naval ships and warships in the Late Modern period
Naval ship classes in service
submarine
auxiliary
Operational zones
Blue-water navy
Brown-water navy
Green-water navy
Gun placement
Broadside
Central battery/casemate
Turretes
Aircraft carriers
Aircraft cruiser
Amphibious assault ship
Anti-submarine warfare carrier
Balloon carrier
CAM ship
Escort carrier
Fighter catapult ship
Fleet carrier
Helicopter carrier
Light aircraft carrier
Merchant aircraft carrier
Seaplane tender
Submarine aircraft carrier
Supercarrier
Battleships
Coastal defence ship
Dreadnought
Fast battleship
Pre-dreadnought battleship
Super-dreadnought (Standard-type battleship)
Treaty battleship
Cruisers
Armored cruiser
Battlecruiser
Flight deck cruiser
Heavy cruiser
Pocket battleship
Light cruiser
Merchant raider
Protected cruiser
Strike cruiser
Torpedo cruiser
Unprotected cruiser
Escort
Aviso
Convoy rescue ship
Destroyer
Destroyer escort
Destroyer leader
Escort destroyer
Frigate
Guided missile destroyer
Kaibōkan
Sloop
Transport
Amphibious transport dock
Amphibious warfare ship
Attack transport
Dock landing ship
Landing craft
Landing craft carrier
Landing Craft Support
Landing Ship Heavy
Landing ship, infantry
Landing Ship Medium
Landing Ship, Tank
Landing Ship Vehicle
Troopship
Patrol craft
Armed boarding steamer
Armed yacht
Coastal Motor Boat
Corvette
Gunboat
Harbour Defence Motor Launch
Motor Launch
Naval drifter
Naval trawler
Ocean boarding vessel
Patrol boat
Q-ship
Steam Gun Boat
Submarine chaser
Torpedo boat
Fast attack craft
E-boat
MAS
MGB
Missile boat
MTB
MTM
MTSM
PT boat
Shin'yō
Mine warfare
Danlayer
Destroyer minesweeper
Mine countermeasures vessel
Mine planter
Minehunter
Minelayer
Minesweeper
Command and support
Amenities ship
Ammunition ship
Auxiliary repair dock
Auxiliary ship
Collier
Combat stores ship
Command ship
Crane vessel
Depot ship
Destroyer tender
Dispatch boat
Fast combat support ship
General stores issue ship
Hospital ship
Naval tugboat
Net laying ship
Repair ship
Replenishment oiler
Submarine tender
Submarines
Attack submarine
Ballistic missile submarine
Coastal submarine
Cruise missile submarine
Cruiser submarine
Deep-submergence vehicle
DSRV
Fleet submarine
Midget submarine
U-boat
Miscellaneous
Arsenal ship
Barracks ship
Breastwork monitor
Capital ship
Flagship
Guard ship
Littoral combat ship
Monitor
River monitor
Training ship
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_submarine_classes_in_service&oldid=797190560"
Categories:
Lists of submarines
Submarine classes
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 August 2017, at 13:46.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: span

value: li

values: Edit section: Ballistic missile submarines and tae

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Borei-class_submarine
mw-redirect
Borei-class submarine

values: Edit section: Nuclear-powered attack submarines

values: Edit section: Diesel-electric attack submarines

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Marina_Militare
mw-redirect
Marina Militare

values:
/wiki/Colombian_National_Navy
mw-redirect
Colombian National Navy

values:
/wiki/Turkish_Navy
mw-redirect
Turkish Navy

values:
/wiki/Bolivarian_Armada_of_Venezuela
mw-redirect
Bolivarian Armada of Venezuela

values: Edit section: Non-nuclear submarines with air-independent propulsion

values:
/wiki/Type_041_submarine
mw-redirect
Type 041 submarine

values: Edit section: Special mission submarines

values: Mystic-class deep submergence rescue vehicle

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries

values: Template talk:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries

values:
/wiki/Broadside_ironclad
mw-redirect
Broadside ironclad

values:
/wiki/Landing_Ship_Heavy
mw-redirect
Landing Ship Heavy

values:
/wiki/Landing_Ship_Vehicle
mw-redirect
Landing Ship Vehicle

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Список современных типов подводных лодок – Russian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_submarine_classes_in_service rootpage-List_of_submarine_classes_in_service vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
National Bank Act
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two United States federal banking acts that established a system of national banks, and created the United States National Banking System. They encouraged development of a national currency backed by bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as part of the United States Department of the Treasury and a system of nationally chartered banks. The Act shaped today's national banking system and its support of a uniform U.S. banking policy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 National Bank Acts
2.1 National Bank Act of 1863
2.2 National Bank Act of 1864
2.3 National Bank Act of 1865–66
3 Resurgence of state banks
4 Legacy
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
Background[edit]
After the expiration of the Second Bank of the United States in 1836, the control of banking regimes devolved mostly to the states. Different states adopted policies including a total ban on banking (as in Wisconsin), a single state-chartered bank (as in Indiana and Illinois), limited chartering of banks (as in Ohio), and free entry (as in New York).[1] While the relative success of New York's "free banking" laws led a number of states to also adopt a free-entry banking regime, the system remained poorly integrated across state lines. Though all banknotes were uniformly denominated in dollars, notes would often circulate at a steep discount in states beyond their issue.
In addition, there were well-publicized frauds arising in states like Michigan, which had adopted free entry regimes but did not require redeemability of bank issues for specie. The perception of dangerous "wildcat" banking, along with the poor integration of the U.S. banking system, led to increasing public support for a uniform national banking regime.
A "greenback" note issued by the U.S. during the Civil War
The United States Government, on the other hand, still had limited taxation capabilities, and so had an interest in the seigniorage potential of a national bank. In 1846, the Polk Administration created a United States Treasury system that moved public funds from private banks to Treasury branches in order to fund the Mexican–American War. However, without a national currency, the revenue generated this way was limited.
One of the first attempts to issue a national currency came in the early days of the Civil War when Congress approved the Legal Tender Act of 1862, allowing the issue of $150 million in national notes known as greenbacks and mandating that paper money be issued and accepted in lieu of gold and silver coins. The bills were backed only by the national government's promise to redeem them and their value was dependent on public confidence in the government as well as the ability of the government to give out specie in exchange for the bills in the future. Many thought this promise backing the bills was about as good as the green ink printed on one side, hence the name "greenbacks."[2]
The Second Legal Tender Act,[3] enacted July 11, 1862, a Joint Resolution of Congress,[4] and the Third Legal Tender Act,[5] enacted March 3, 1863, expanded the limit to $450 million. The largest amount of greenbacks outstanding at any one time was calculated as $447,300,203.10.[6]
The National Banking Act (ch. 58, 12 Stat. 665; February 25, 1863), originally known as the National Currency Act, was passed in the Senate by a 23–21 vote. The main goal of this act was to create a single national currency and to eradicate the problem of notes from multiple banks circulating simultaneously. The Act established national banks that could issue notes which were backed by the United States Treasury and printed by the government itself. The quantity of notes that a bank was allowed to issue was proportional to the bank's level of capital deposited with the Comptroller of the Currency at the Treasury. To further control the currency, the Act taxed notes issued by state and local banks, essentially pushing non-federally issued paper out of circulation.[7]
First National Bank, Philadelphia
The National Banking Act of 1863 was superseded by the National Banking Act of 1864 (ch. 106, 13 Stat. 99; June 3, 1864) just one year later.[2] The new act also established federally-issued bank charters, which took banking out of the hands of state governments. Before the act, charters were granted by state legislatures. They were under political pressure and could be influenced by bribes. This problem was resolved to some degree by free banking laws in some states, but it was not until this act was passed that free banking was established on a uniform, national level and charter issuance was taken out of the hands of discriminating and corrupt state legislatures.[7] The first bank to receive a national charter was the First National Bank of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Charter #1).[8] The first new national bank to open was The First National Bank of Davenport, Iowa (Charter #15).[citation needed] Additionally, the new Act converted more than 1,500 state banks to national banks.[citation needed]
National Bank Acts[edit]
National Bank Act of 1863[edit]
The National Bank Act of 1863 was the first attempt to establish a central bank after the failures of the First and Second Banks of the United States, and served as the predecessor to the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.[9][10] The act allowed the creation of national banks, set out a plan for establishing a national currency backed by government securities held by other banks, and gave the federal government the ability to sell war bonds and securities (in order to help the war effort). National banks were chartered by the federal government, and were subject to stricter regulation; they had higher capital requirements and were not allowed to loan more than 10% of their holdings. A high tax on state banks was levied to discourage competition, and by 1865 most state banks had either received national charters or collapsed. [9]
National Bank Act of 1864[edit]
The 1864 act, based on a New York State law, brought the federal government into active supervision of commercial banks. It established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency with the responsibility of chartering, examining and supervising all national banks.
National Bank Act of 1865–66[edit]
On July 13, 1866, the banking Act of 1865 was extended beyond requiring every national banking association, state bank, or state banking association to pay a 10% tax on any notes paid out by them. The act of 1866 added that any persons, as well as of state banks and state banking associations used for circulation to also be taxed 10%. This act was considered enforced by the court case Veazie Bank v. Fenno, supra. The official enactment by congress read, "That every national banking association, state bank, or state banking association shall pay a tax of ten percentum on the amount of notes of any person, state bank, or state banking association used for circulation and paid out by them after the 1st day of August, 1866, and such tax shall be assessed and paid in such manner as shall be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue."
Most state banks flipped charters to avoid the tax. It was not until the 1870s and 80s when the growing popularity of checks developed by state banks and the declining importance and profitability of bank notes issued by national banks caused a resurgence in chartering of state banks.
Veazie Bank v. Fenno was a case between a state chartered Maine bank and the collector of internal revenue. The bank declined to pay the new 10% tax on notes when Fenno tried to collect, saying the tax imposed was unconstitutional. The question posed to the court was, "Whether the second clause of the 9th section of the Act of Congress of the 13th of July, 1866, under which the tax in his case was levied and collected, is a valid and constitutional law." The Chief Justices ruling over the case sided with Congress, in effect ending any resistance by state banks to the acts of 1865 or 1866.
Resurgence of state banks[edit]
The granting of charters led to the creation of many national banks and a national banking system which grew at a fast pace. The number of national banks rose from 66 immediately after the Act to 7473 in 1913.[citation needed] Initially, this rise in national banking came at the expense of state banking—the number of state banks dwindled from 1466 in 1863 to 247 in 1868.[citation needed] Though state banks were no longer allowed to issue notes, local bankers took advantage of less strict capital requirements ($10,000 for state banks vs. $50,000–200,000 for national banks) and opened new branches en masse. These new state banks then served as competition for national banks, growing to 15,526 in number by 1913.[citation needed]
The years leading up to the passing of the 10% tax on bank notes consisted of events surrounding the National Banking Act of 1864. During this time period, Hugh McCulloch was determined to "fight against the national banking legislation, which he rightly perceived as a threat to state-chartered banking. Although he tried to block the system's creation, he [McCulloch] was not determined to be its champion." Part of his plans to revamp this portion of the banking system included hiring a new staff, being hands-on with several aspects such as "personally evaluating applications for bank charters and consoled prospective bankers", and "assisting in the design of the new national bank notes, and arranged for their engraving, printing, and distribution." As an end result of McCulloch's efforts, many banks were just not willing to conform to his system of operations. This prompted Congress to pass "a 10 percent tax on the notes of state banks, signaling its determination that national banks would triumph and the state banks would fade away."
A later act, passed on March 3, 1865, imposed a tax of 10 percent on the notes of state banks to take effect on July 1, 1866. Similar to previous taxes, this effectively forced all non-federal currency from circulation. It also resulted in the creation of demand deposit accounts, and encouraged banks to join the national system, increasing the number of national banks substantially.[2]
Legacy[edit]
The National Banking Acts served to create the (federal-state) dual structure that is now a defining characteristic of the U.S. banking system and economy. The Comptroller of the Currency continues to have significance in the U.S. economy and is responsible for administration and supervision of national banks as well as certain activities of bank subsidiaries (per the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999).[2] In 2004 the Act was used by John D. Hawke, Jr., Comptroller of the Currency, to effectively bar state attorneys general from national bank oversight and regulatory roles. Many blame the resulting lack of oversight and regulation for the late-2000s recession, the bailout of the U.S. financial system and the subprime mortgage crisis.[11]
See also[edit]
US banking law
Cuomo v. Clearing House Association, L. L. C.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Dowd, Kevin (1992). "US Banking in the 'Free Banking' Period". In Dowd, Kevin. The Experience of Free Banking. ISBN 9780415048088.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Detroit: Gale, 2000.
Jump up ^ ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532
Jump up ^ United States Congress. Resolution of January 17, 1863, No. 9. Washington D.C.: 1863
Jump up ^ ch. 73, 12 Stat. 709
Jump up ^ Backus, Charles K. (1878), The Contraction of the Currency, Chicago, Ill.: The Honest Money League of the Northwest – via Google Books
^ Jump up to: a b Grossman, Richard S. (2010), U.S. Banking History, Civil War to WWII, Economic History Services [dead link]
Jump up ^ The North American (1891). Philadelphia and Popular Philadelphians. Philadelphia: The American Printing House. p. 67 – via Google Books.
^ Jump up to: a b Dieterle, David A.; Simmons, Katherine M. (2014). Government and the Economy: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 249–250. ISBN 9781440829048. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Mason, James E. (2013). The Transformation of Commercial Banking in the United States, 1956-1991. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 9781136747250.
Jump up ^ Berner, Robert & Grow, Brian (October 9, 2008). "They Warned Us About the Mortgage Crisis". Business Week.
External links[edit]
National-Bank Act as Amended, the Federal Reserve Act and Other Laws Relating to National Banks. February, 1920: Document compiled under the direction of the Comptroller of the Currency for the use of the Senate, providing dates of acts relating to national banks, 1863–1920, text of the acts and amendments, and indexes.
An Act to Provide a National Currency, Secured by a Pledge of United States Bonds, and to Provide for the Circulation and Redemption Thereof, Act of June 3, 1864, National Bank Act of 1864, National Banking Act of 1864
An Act to Provide for a National Currency, Secured by a Pledge of United States Stocks, and to Provide for the Circulation and Redemption Thereof, Act of February 25, 1863, National Bank Act, National Banking Act, National Currency Act
The Library of Congress
History of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
History of banking at About.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Bank regulation in the United States
Federal authorities
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Farm Credit Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
Federal Housing Finance Agency
Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Financial Stability Oversight Council
National Credit Union Administration
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Major federal legislation
Independent Treasury Act
National Bank Act
Federal Reserve Act
McFadden Act
1933 Banking Act
Glass–Steagall Act
Federal Credit Union Act
Bank Holding Company Act
Bank Secrecy Act
Truth in Lending Act
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
Community Reinvestment Act
Electronic Fund Transfer Act
Monetary Control Act
Depository Institutions Act
FIRREA
FDICIA
Truth in Savings Act
Riegle-Neal IBBEA
Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
Credit CARD Act
Dodd-Frank
Federal Reserve Board
regulations
Extensions of Credit by Federal Reserve Banks (Reg A)
Equal Credit Opportunity (Reg B)
Home Mortgage Disclosure (Reg C)
Reserve Requirements for Depository Institutions (Reg D)
Electronic Fund Transfer (Reg E)
Limitations on Interbank Liabilities (Reg F)
International Banking Operations (Reg K)
Consumer Leasing (Reg M)
Loans to Insiders (Reg O)
Privacy of Consumer Financial Information (Reg P)
Prohibition Against the Paying of Interest on Demand Deposits (Reg Q)
Credit by Brokers and Dealers (Reg T)
Credit by Banks and Persons Other Than Brokers or Dealers for the Purpose of Purchasing or Carrying Margin Stock (Reg U)
Transactions Between Member Banks and Their Affiliates (Reg W)
Borrowers of Securities Credit (Reg X)
Truth in Lending (Reg Z)
Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (Reg AA)
Community Reinvestment (Reg BB)
Availability of Funds and Collection of Checks (Reg CC)
Truth in Savings (Reg DD)
Types of bank charter
Credit union
Federal savings association
Federal savings bank
National bank
State bank
State authorities
California
Colorado
Florida
Illinois
Maryland
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Virginia
Terms
Call report
CAEL Rating
CAMELS rating system
Thrift Financial Report
Other topics
Banking in the United States
Fair debt collection
History of central banking in the United States
Wildcat banking
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Bank_Act&oldid=804625256"
Categories:
1863 in American politics
1863 in law
37th United States Congress
History of the United States (1849–65)
United States federal banking legislation
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from August 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Português
Русский
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 October 2017, at 05:32.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

values: United States Department of the Treasury

values: button 0 togglelink

values:
/wiki/Legal_Tender_Act
mw-redirect
Legal Tender Act

values:
/wiki/Greenback_(money)
mw-redirect
Greenback (money)

values:
/wiki/Second_Legal_Tender_Act
mw-redirect
Second Legal Tender Act

values:
/wiki/Third_Legal_Tender_Act
mw-redirect
Third Legal Tender Act

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-12-665

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-13-99

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: Edit section: National Bank Act of 1865–66

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)

values:
/wiki/Transactional_account
mw-redirect
Transactional account

values:
/wiki/Gramm-Leach-Bliley_Act
mw-redirect
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

values:
/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Currency
mw-redirect
Comptroller of the Currency

values:
/wiki/Late-2000s_recession
mw-redirect
Late-2000s recession

values: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

values:
/wiki/US_banking_law
mw-redirect
US banking law

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-12-532

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legislink.org/us/stat-12-709

values:
/wiki/Business_Week
mw-redirect
Business Week

values:
nofollow
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.occ.treas.gov/aboutocc.htm

values: Template:Bank regulation in the United States

values: Template talk:Bank regulation in the United States

values: Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act

values: Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act

values: Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989

values: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991

values: Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994

values: Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act

values: Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

values: California Department of Business Oversight

values: Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies

values: Florida Department of Financial Services

values: Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation

values: Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation

values: Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services

values: New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance

values: New York State Department of Financial Services

values: Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services

values: Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions

values: Category:Bank regulation in the United States

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:History of the United States (1849–65)

values: Category:United States federal banking legislation

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2017

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/National_Bank_Act
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: Закон о национальных банках – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-National_Bank_Act rootpage-National_Bank_Act vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view