text:
Mitch Rapp
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mitch Rapp
First appearance
American Assassin
Created by
Vince Flynn
Portrayed by
Dylan O'Brien
Information
Nickname(s)
Iron Man
Aliases
Mitch Kruse
Gender
Male
Occupation
Counter Terrorism Operative
Title
Special Assistant to the Director of the CIA on Counterterrorism
Family
Steven Rapp (brother)
Spouse(s)
Anna Rielly (from Executive Power to Consent to Kill)
Mitch Rapp is a fictional character in a series of novels by Vince Flynn and in the film adaptation of American Assassin (previously Consent to Kill).[1]
The character first appeared in Transfer of Power.
Contents
[hide]
1 Character introduction
2 Character sketch
3 Biographical summary
4 Relationship with other characters
5 Novels
6 Screen adaptation
7 See also
8 References
Character introduction[edit]
Rapp is a counter-terrorism operative[2] employed, first unofficially then officially, by the CIA. The primary focus of the character is thwarting foreign terrorist attacks on the United States and he is presented as an aggressive operative who is willing to take measures that are more extreme than might be considered commonly acceptable.
Character sketch[edit]
Rapp's high school sweetheart Maureen Eliot, who was attending Syracuse University with Rapp, was killed in the December 21, 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. She had been one of thirty-five Syracuse students returning from a semester overseas. One year later he was recruited into the Central Intelligence Agency by Irene Kennedy.
Over the course of the series Rapp terminates a large number of terrorists both on foreign and domestic soil. His main conflicts center on foreign terrorists.
Biographical summary[edit]
Rapp attended Syracuse University, where he majored in international business and minored in French. He attended the college on a lacrosse scholarship[3] and was an All-American. Rapp was also offered a scholarship by the University of North Carolina, but turned that one down because his high school sweetheart Maureen was attending Syracuse with the hope of getting into broadcasting. Maureen, whom Rapp had known since he was sixteen years old, was killed in the December 21, 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. She had been one of thirty-five Syracuse students returning from a semester overseas.
Nearly a year after Maureen's death, Rapp was recruited into the CIA by Irene Kennedy. He began training the week after graduating from Syracuse. Only twenty-three years old at the time, Rapp did not go through the standard CIA training program at "The Farm", outside Williamsburg, Virginia. Instead, for a year straight he was shuttled from one location to the next, sometimes spending a week, sometimes a month. The bulk of the training was handled by Stan Hurley, a former CIA operative, who taught him "how to shoot, stab, blow things up, and even kill with his bare hands". In other words, he was schooled in firearms and marksmanship, hand-to-hand combat, and explosives. Endurance was stressed. There were long swims and even longer runs. Between all the heavy lifting, they worked on his foreign language skills. Since he had minored in French at Syracuse, within a month at the CIA he was fluent in the language. He was then taught Arabic and Persian and can passably speak Urdu and Pashto. He also speaks German and Italian. He is ambidextrous, but naturally left-handed.
Rapp then became an operative of the Orion Team, a highly secretive organization supported by the CIA but outside the Agency. It is funded by money that has been diverted out of congressionally funded programs. The job of the Orion Team in a nutshell is to take the war to the terrorists. It was formed in response to the Lockerbie disaster by the then CIA director of operations Thomas Stansfield. The unit operates in secret, independent of the U.S. national security apparatus and circumvents the leviathan of politics and gets around small impediments like the executive order banning assassinations. The team is headed by Rapp's recruiter, Irene Kennedy, whose official role is as director of the CIA's Counterterrorism Center.
Rapp has been the Orion Team's star operative almost from the day he started and has been honed into the most effective counterterrorism operative in America's arsenal. He's spent significant amounts of time in Europe, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia collecting intelligence and when the situation called for it, dealing with threats in a more final manner.
Officially, Rapp has nothing to do with the U.S. government; rather, he is referred to in the business as a private contractor. Rapp lives a life completely separate from the Agency. His cover is that of a successful entrepreneur. With the help of the CIA, he runs a small computer consulting business on the side that just happens to do a fair amount of international business, which gives him the cover to travel frequently. To keep things legitimate, Rapp often does indeed conduct business while abroad.
One of Rapp's aliases is Mitch Kruse. In the special ops community he is often known only by his call sign, "Iron Man" after the annual Ironman Triathlon in which he has participated on several occasions and has twice won. His only remaining family is his brother, Steven Rapp, a millionaire financial genius. Mitch and Steven grew up in McLean, Virginia.
Throughout the books, Rapp works with several special operations units including Navy SEALs and DEVGRU, Delta Force, Air Force Special Operations Command, the FBI Hostage Rescue Team, and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne). He also has close ties with "SEAL Demolition and Salvage Corporation", a private military company specializing in underwater salvage such as getting rid of debris for ports and shipyards and training law enforcement divers, but whose employees also work from time to time as freelance operatives for the CIA. The company is owned and operated by Scott Coleman, former commanding officer of SEAL Team Six and friend of Rapp.
Relationship with other characters[edit]
Thomas Stansfield
Director of CIA (Transfer of Power, The Third Option, American Assassin, Kill Shot)
Irene Kennedy
Director of the Counter-terrorism Center (Transfer of Power and The Third Option, American Assassin, Kill Shot)
Director of the CIA (Separation of Power through Pursuit of Honor)
Stan Hurley
Trainer and Mentor (Pursuit of Honor, American Assassin, Kill Shot, The Last Man)
Novels[edit]
Flynn, Vince (1999). Transfer of Power. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-02319-5.
Flynn, Vince (2000). The Third Option. Pocket Star. ISBN 0-671-04731-0.
Flynn, Vince (2001). Separation of Power. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-04733-7.
Flynn, Vince (2003). Executive Power. Atria. ISBN 0-7434-5395-6.
Flynn, Vince (2004). Memorial Day. Atria. ISBN 0-7434-5397-2.
Flynn, Vince (2005). Consent to Kill. Atria. ISBN 0-7432-7036-3.
Flynn, Vince (2007). Act of Treason. Atria. ISBN 0-7432-7037-1.
Flynn, Vince (2007). Protect and Defend. Atria. ISBN 978-0-7432-7041-0.
Flynn, Vince (2008). Extreme Measures. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4165-9939-5.
Flynn, Vince (2009). Pursuit of Honor. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4165-9516-8.
Flynn, Vince (2010). American Assassin. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4165-9518-2.
Flynn, Vince (2012). The Last Man. Atria. ISBN 978-0-8572-0872-9.
Flynn, Vince (2015). The Survivor. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4767-2666-3.
Flynn, Vince (2016). Order To Kill. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4767-8348-2.
Flynn, Vince (2017). Enemy Of The State. Atria. ISBN 978-1-4767-8351-2.
Screen adaptation[edit]
Main article: American Assassin
The New York Times bestseller, Consent to Kill,[4] was intended to be the first Mitch Rapp film in a proposed series of films by CBS Films.[5] Consent to Kill was scheduled to be produced by Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Nick Wechsler; the screenplay was written by Jonathan Lemkin. The studio's last few films have performed poorly causing them to delay the production of this film. Antoine Fuqua was originally attached to direct[6] with several names being rumored to play Rapp, including Gerard Butler, Colin Farrell and Matthew Fox,[7] but the studio announced some major changes in June 2011.[8] One of these changes is that the first film in the series was initially based on an earlier novel. This was changed to basing it on a later novel, American Assassin, which explains how Rapp became a CIA officer. Another change is the leading man will consequently be younger to reflect Rapp at a younger age and still at the beginning of his covert career. On 19 January 2016 CBS Films announced that American Assassin will be directed by Michael Cuesta and written by Stephen Schiff. Production must start by April 30, 2016 or the rights to the film will revert to the Vince Flynn Estate. On May 10, 2016, Deadline announced that 24-year-old actor Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Rapp, with the "idea that O’Brien’s Mitch Rapp is college aged, and the hope is the actor grows as the series progresses."[9]
The movie filmed between the months of September and December 2016,[10] with shooting taking place in London, Rome,[11][12] Valletta,[13] Phuket,[14][15] and Birmingham.[16] The upcoming action film follows the rise of Rapp (O’Brien), a CIA black ops recruit under the instruction of Cold War veteran Stan Hurley (Michael Keaton). The pair is then enlisted by CIA Deputy Director Irene Kennedy (Sanaa Lathan) to investigate a wave of apparently random attacks on both military and civilian targets. Together, the three discover a pattern in the violence leading them to a joint mission with a lethal Turkish agent (Shiva Negar) to stop a mysterious operative (Taylor Kitsch) intent on starting a World War in the Middle East.[17]
See also[edit]
Novels portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "CBS Films Building Mitch Rapp Franchise". ComingSoon.net. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Killing terrorists: Is there a real Mitch Rapp?". The Daily Caller. 2010-10-18. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
Jump up ^ "Former Orange All-American Mitch Rapp coming to the big screen". 2009-10-07. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
Jump up ^ "New York Times best seller list for September 10, 2006". New York Times. 2006-09-10. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mitch Rapp Movie Coming, Says Vince Flynn". Movie Rewind. 2010-09-05. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Consent to Kill". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Consent to Kill Movie (Pre-Production): Mar. 21, 2010 - added Matthew Fox (Rumored) to the credits - Movie Insider". Movie Insider. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (June 8, 2011). "CBS Films Targets ‘American Assassin’ To Launch Mitch Rapp Franchise, Sets Ed Zwick To Direct". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mike Fleming Jr (May 10, 2016). "‘Maze Runner’s Dylan O’Brien In Talks To Play Mitch Rapp In Vince Flynn Spy Novel Adaptation ‘American Assassin’". Deadline. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ninajager27 (December 12, 2016). "End of filming for AmericanAssassin". Instagram. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Assassin, American (12 September 2016). "filming has begun.". Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Borys Kit (August 18, 2016). "Taylor Kitsch Joining Dylan O'Brien in 'American Assassin' (Exclusive)". HollywoodReporter. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ droneservice_aerialfilming (December 1, 2016). "Aerial shoot in Valletta, Malta.". Instagram. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ lailadegala (December 6, 2016). "Filming in Phuket, Thailand I.". Instagram. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ ksenialeschuk (December 7, 2016). "Filming in Phuket, Thailand II.". Instagram. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Roz Laws (December 17, 2016). "Birmingham becomes Warsaw for the weekend as Hollywood film makers move in". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Max Evry (September 12, 2016). "‘Dylan O’Brien in first look at American Assassin’". ComingSoon. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
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Alabama–LSU football rivalry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Alabama–LSU football rivalry
Alabama Crimson Tide
LSU Tigers
First meeting
November 18, 1895
LSU 12, Alabama 6
Latest meeting
November 4, 2017
Alabama 24, LSU 10
Next meeting
November 3, 2018
Statistics
Meetings total
82
All-time series
Alabama leads, 52–25–5
Largest victory
Alabama, 47–3 (1922)
Longest win streak
Alabama, 11 (1971–81)
Current win streak
Alabama, 7 (2012–present)
The Alabama–LSU football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Alabama Crimson Tide football team of the University of Alabama and LSU Tigers football team of Louisiana State University. Both schools are charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and both universities' sports teams have competed in the SEC's Western Division since the conference was split into two divisions in 1992. Alabama leads the series 52–25–5.
Contents
[hide]
1 Series history
2 Game results
3 See also
4 References
Series history[edit]
Sideline picture of Alabama vs LSU on November 5th 2011
The series started in 1895, with a 12–6 win for LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[1] The rivalry has been played in Baton Rouge; New Orleans, Louisiana; Birmingham, Alabama; Montgomery, Alabama; Tuscaloosa, Alabama; and Mobile, Alabama.
The teams began playing each other on an annual basis in 1964, with Alabama playing its home games at Legion Field in Birmingham, and LSU playing its home games on campus at Tiger Stadium. The series has been marked by long stretches where the home team has struggled. Alabama is 26–9–2 against LSU in Baton Rouge; they went 16–1–1 from 1965–98. Alabama has gone 6–11 in games played in Alabama since 1982. LSU has gone 4–14–1 in games played in Louisiana since 1982. There have been two overtime games each in Tuscaloosa (2005, 2011) and Baton Rouge (2008, 2014) respectively; the road team has won each time. In fact, in the series history, only 42% of games have been won by the team playing in its home state (excluding ties). In 1988, Alabama began playing its home game in the series on their Tuscaloosa campus at Bryant–Denny Stadium. LSU won the first game in the series after the move 19–18.
While Alabama controlled most of the series' early history by going 31–11–4 against LSU, the intensity and competitiveness has grown during the last three decades. Since Bear Bryant's retirement in 1982, Alabama leads the series 20–14–1. Four games in the last ten seasons have also been decided in overtime. A 2009 poll of SEC fan bases found that over 60% of LSU fans singled out Alabama as their most bitter rival, while Alabama fans mostly did not consider it to be a rivalry.[2]
In 2007, the meeting was even more heated following Alabama's hiring of head coach Nick Saban, who had coached LSU to a National Championship; many media outlets dubbed the 2007 meeting the "Saban Bowl."[3][4][5] Alabama leads the series 9–3 in the games played so far during the "Saban Bowl" era.
In their 2011 regular season matchup, No. 1 LSU beat No. 2 Alabama 9–6 in overtime at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, on November 5.[6] Later, during the 2011 post season, the two were selected by the Bowl Championship Series [7] to play each other again in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game, which was the first time since 1986 that the two teams played in a location other than Baton Rouge or Tuscaloosa. Alabama won the game 21–0. The rematch was the first BCS Championship Game to feature two teams from the same conference (as well as the same division), and was also the first shutout of any BCS bowl game in the BCS's 14-year history.
Game results[edit]
Alabama victories LSU victories Ties
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score
1 November 18, 1895 Baton Rouge, LA LSU 12–6
2 November 29, 1902 Tuscaloosa, AL LSU 11–0
3 November 9, 1903 Tuscaloosa, AL Alabama 18–0
4 December 2, 1904 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 11–0
5 November 2, 1907 Mobile, AL Alabama 6–4
6 November 25, 1909 Birmingham, AL LSU 12–6
7 November 15, 1919 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 23–7
8 November 11, 1920 Tuscaloosa, AL Alabama 21–0
9 October 29, 1921 New Orleans, LA Tie 7–7
10 November 10, 1922 Tuscaloosa, AL Alabama 47–3
11 November 16, 1923 Montgomery, AL Alabama 30–3
12 October 10, 1925 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 42–0
13 October 30, 1926 Tuscaloosa, AL Alabama 24–0
14 October 8, 1927 Birmingham, AL Tie 0–0
15 December 8, 1928 Birmingham, AL Alabama 31–0
16 November 15, 1930 Montgomery, AL Alabama 33–0
17 September 30, 1944 Baton Rouge, LA Tie 27–27
18 October 6, 1945 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 26–7
19 November 9, 1946 Baton Rouge, LA #19 LSU 31–21
20 November 22, 1947 Tuscaloosa, AL #8 Alabama 41–12
21 November 20, 1948 Baton Rouge, LA LSU 26–6
22 September 29, 1951 Tuscaloosa, AL LSU 13–7
23 September 27, 1952 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 21–20
24 September 26, 1953 Mobile, AL Tie 7–7
25 September 25, 1954 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 12–0
26 September 28, 1957 Baton Rouge, LA LSU 28–0
27 September 27, 1958 Mobile, AL #15 LSU 13–3
28 November 7, 1964 Birmingham, AL #3 Alabama 17–9
29 November 6, 1965 Baton Rouge, LA #5 Alabama 31–7
30 November 5, 1966 Birmingham, AL #4 Alabama 21–0
31 November 11, 1967 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 7–6
32 November 9, 1968 Birmingham, AL Alabama 16–7
33 November 8, 1969 Baton Rouge, LA #12 LSU 20–15
34 November 7, 1970 Birmingham, AL #11 LSU 14–9
35 November 6, 1971 Baton Rouge, LA #4 Alabama 14–7
36 November 11, 1972 Birmingham, AL #2 Alabama 35–21
37 November 22, 1973 Baton Rouge, LA #2 Alabama 21–7
38 November 9, 1974 Birmingham, AL #3 Alabama 30–0
39 November 9, 1975 Baton Rouge, LA #5 Alabama 23–10
40 November 6, 1976 Birmingham, AL #15 Alabama 28–17
41 November 5, 1977 Baton Rouge, LA #2 Alabama 24–3
42 November 11, 1978 Birmingham, AL #3 Alabama 31–10
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score
43 November 10, 1979 Baton Rouge, LA #1 Alabama 3–0
44 November 8, 1980 Tuscaloosa, AL #6 Alabama 28–7
45 September 5, 1981 Baton Rouge, LA #4 Alabama 24–7
46 November 6, 1982 Birmingham, AL #11 LSU 20–10
47 November 5, 1983 Baton Rouge, LA #19 Alabama 32–26
48 November 10, 1984 Birmingham, AL #12 LSU 16–14
49 November 9, 1985 Baton Rouge, LA Tie 14–14
50 November 8, 1986 Birmingham, AL #18 LSU 14–10
51 November 7, 1987 Baton Rouge, LA #13 Alabama 22–10
52 November 5, 1988 Tuscaloosa, AL #13 LSU 19–18
53 November 11, 1989 Baton Rouge, LA #4 Alabama 32–16
54 November 10, 1990 Tuscaloosa, AL Alabama 24–3
55 November 9, 1991 Baton Rouge, LA #8 Alabama 20–17
56 November 7, 1992 Baton Rouge, LA #3 Alabama 31–11
57 November 6, 1993 Tuscaloosa, AL LSU 17–13
58 November 5, 1994 Baton Rouge, LA #6 Alabama 35–17
59 November 4, 1995 Tuscaloosa, AL #16 Alabama 10–3
60 November 9, 1996 Baton Rouge, LA #10 Alabama 26–0
61 November 8, 1997 Tuscaloosa, AL #14 LSU 27–0
62 November 7, 1998 Baton Rouge, LA Alabama 22–16
63 November 6, 1999 Tuscaloosa, AL #12 Alabama 23–17
64 November 4, 2000 Baton Rouge, LA LSU 30–28
65 November 3, 2001 Tuscaloosa, AL LSU 35–21
66 November 16, 2002 Baton Rouge, LA #10 Alabama 31–0
67 November 15, 2003 Tuscaloosa, AL #3 LSU 27–3
68 November 13, 2004 Baton Rouge, LA #17 LSU 26–10
69 November 12, 2005 Tuscaloosa, AL #5 LSU 16–13OT
70 November 11, 2006 Baton Rouge, LA #12 LSU 28–14
71 November 3, 2007 Tuscaloosa, AL #3 LSU 41–34
72 November 8, 2008 Baton Rouge, LA #1 Alabama 27–21OT
73 November 7, 2009 Tuscaloosa, AL #3 Alabama 24–15
74 November 6, 2010 Baton Rouge, LA #5 LSU 24–21
75 November 5, 2011 Tuscaloosa, AL #1 LSU 9–6OT
76 January 9, 2012 New Orleans, LA #2 Alabama 21–0
77 November 3, 2012 Baton Rouge, LA #1 Alabama 21–17
78 November 9, 2013 Tuscaloosa, AL #1 Alabama 38–17
79 November 8, 2014 Baton Rouge, LA #5 Alabama 20–13OT
80 November 7, 2015 Tuscaloosa, AL #4 Alabama 30–16
81 November 5, 2016 Baton Rouge, LA #1 Alabama 10–0
82 November 4, 2017 Tuscaloosa, AL #2 Alabama 24–10
Series: Alabama leads 52–25–5
Series record sources: 2011 Alabama Football Media Guide,[8] 2011 LSU Football Media Guide,[9] and College Football Data Warehouse.[10]
See also[edit]
List of NCAA college football rivalry games
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Record Book" (PDF). University of Alabama Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
Jump up ^ "2009 Fan Survey Results for SEC". CNN.
Jump up ^ Carlton, Chuck (2007-11-02). "LSU, Alabama to meet in first Saban Bowl". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
Jump up ^ "Bayou, LSU fans brace for Nick Saban Bowl". New York Daily News. 2007-11-01. Archived from the original on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
Jump up ^ "It's Saban Bowl for riled LSU fans". The Seattle Times. 2007-11-01. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
Jump up ^ "LSU Tigers vs. Alabama Crimson Tide - Recap - November 5, 2011".
Jump up ^ Prisbell, Eric (December 5, 2011). "BCS: LSU, Alabama get rematch in title game over Oklahoma State". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ 2011 Alabama Football Media Guide Archived 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine., University of Alabama Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, pp. 176–195 (2011). Retrieved December 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ 2011 LSU Football Media Guide, LSU Athletic Department, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, pp. 153–163 (2011). Retrieved November 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ College Football Data Warehouse, Alabama vs Louisiana State. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
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Sodor (fictional island)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A map of the Island of Sodor showing the railway system
Sodor is a fictional island located in the Irish Sea, just off the English mainland near Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria. It is the setting for The Railway Series books by the Rev. W. Awdry (and his son Christopher), and also for the popular television series Thomas & Friends.
Contents
1 Inspiration and creation
2 Etymology
3 Language
4 Flag
5 Coat of arms
6 Kings and Dukes of Sodor
7 Geography
8 Railways
8.1 History
8.2 Current system (passenger)
9 On screen portrayal
10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Inspiration and creation[edit]
The need for consistency in the locations for The Railway Series necessitated the creation of a suitable location. Awdry required a setting for his books that would be within Great Britain,Rule[›] but would be sufficiently isolated from the rest of British Railways to allow him to do as he wished with the location.
Inspiration came on a visit to the Isle of Man, which forms the Diocese of Sodor and Man[1] in 1950. Awdry noted that while there was an Isle of Man, there was no similar Island of Sodor (the name derives from Old Norse Suðreyjar, "southern isles", a term that referred to the Hebrides and islands along the west coast of Scotland). A large island would meet the criteria he required, giving him the isolation from changes to the British railway system while giving him somewhere that people could believe in.
Between them, Awdry and his younger brother George worked out Sodor's history, geography, industry and language ("Sudric"). Inspiration came from various sources. Dryaw was an anagram of Awdry. Elsbridge was named after Wilbert's parish of Elsworth. Some place names were Sudric equivalents or near-equivalents of those in the real world (for instance, Skarloey was a rough Sudric equivalent of the Welsh Talyllyn: logh (Manx) = llyn (Welsh) = "lake"). By the time they had finished, they knew more about Sodor than would ever be used in the Railway Series stories.
Their abridged notes were published in 1987 in a book entitled The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways.
Etymology[edit]
The bishop of the Isle of Man is known as Bishop of "Sodor and Man". This is because the Isle of Man was part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, which included the Hebrides, known in Old Norse as the Suðreyjar,[2] (anglicised as "The Sudreys"[1]) i.e. "Southern Isles" compared to Norðreyjar ("The Nordreys"[1]), or the "Northern Isles", i.e. Orkney and Shetland. The Sudreys became "Sodor",[1] which was fossilised in the name of the Diocese, long after it ceased to have any authority over the Scottish Islands.
Thus there is no Island of Sodor; rather, the fictional island takes its name from an archipelago.
Awdry was intrigued to find that although the Bishop had the title "Sodor and Man", he had only Man for his diocese. "Everybody knew that there was an Isle of Man, but we decided to 'discover' another island – the Island of Sodor – and so give the poor deprived Bishop the other half of his diocese!" (Rev. W. Awdry)[1] Hence Awdry sited Sodor in the Irish Sea, between the Isle of Man and Barrow-in-Furness in Lancashire (Barrow later became part of new county of Cumbria during the 1974 re-organisation).[1]
Language[edit]
The historical language of Sodor is "Sudric", a language similar to Manx and, like Manx, is falling out of use.[citation needed] Manx and Sudric are similar enough to be mutually intelligible.[3]
A lot of the place names on Sodor are clearly based on Manx forms, but often the nouns are inverted to match English word order. Some of the locations have quasi-Manx names, e.g. Killdane, which comes from "Keeill-y-Deighan" (Church of the Devil),[4] hills are called Knock and Cronk,[citation needed] while "Nagh Beurla", means "I speak no English",[3] a distortion of the Manx. The names of some of the 'historical' characters – used in the background but not appearing in the stories – were taken from locations on the Isle of Man, such as Sir Crosby Marown (Crosby is a village in the parish of Marown) and Harold Regaby (Regaby is a tiny hamlet on the parish boundary between Andreas and Bride).[5]
Flag[edit]
The Island of Sodor has its own flag, which consists of a blue-white-blue triband with orange fimbriations.
Coat of arms[edit]
The Island has no official coat of arms. However, the local military regiment's badge is known. It is: Sable, two gloves Argent saltirewise, charged in fess with the Rose of Lancaster Proper.[6]
Kings and Dukes of Sodor[edit]
See List of fictional monarchs#The Island of Sodor.
Geography[edit]
Sodor is usually shown as much larger than the Isle of Man. The island is roughly diamond-shaped, 62 miles (100 km) wide east to west and 51 miles (82 km) long north to south. Its north-west coast is separated from the Isle of Man by a sea strait called the Sudrian Sea, four miles (6 km) wide. Its north-east edge overrides and replaces the real Walney Island.
The place names on Sodor are mostly a mixture of Manx and Norse. Its highest mountain is Culdee Fell, which was modelled on Snowdon: the ridge of Devil's Back copies the Clogwyn ridge on Snowdon. The summit is reached by the Culdee Fell Railway, which is based on the Snowdon Mountain Railway in Wales.
The capital and administrative centre of Sodor is the city of Suddery, however, Tidmouth has grown to be the largest town on the island. One of the more famous settlements on Sodor is Ffarquhar, the terminus of Thomas the Tank Engine's Branch Line.
All of the other settlements on the island are described in Locations on the Island of Sodor, while the six railway lines from The Railway Series are described below.
Railways[edit]
The railways of Sodor include standard-gauge, narrow-gauge, Rack Railways and 15-inch gauge railways. The first few stories concerned standard-gauge engines (including Thomas the Tank Engine). Stories set in the narrow gauge railways soon followed.
The standard-gauge railway system consists of a main line and several branch lines. They are linked to and interoperable with each other and with the mainland system, so the standard-gauge engines can visit London (for example) under their own power. In the story Gordon Goes Foreign several of the engines recount their stories of working in London when they were younger, and later in the same story Gordon pulls a train of mainland rolling stock to London. In the story The Fat Controller's Engines several of the famous engines visit London, and run on the mainland permanent way to get there.
There are two narrow-gauge railways and a 15-inch gauge railway, the Skarloey Railway, in addition to the rack-and-pinion Culdee Fell mountain railway, and the 15 inch-gauge Arlesdale Railway, each isolated from the other. Movements of rolling stock (particularly engines) to and from the narrow-gauge railways is achieved by transporting them on flatbeds on the standard-gauge system, for example when Rheneas is sent away for repairs in a flashback in the story Skarloey Remembers and later returned in the story Gallant Old Engine.
Each of the narrow-gauge and 15-inch gauge railways links to the standard-gauge system at an interchange station:
the Skarloey Railway at Crovan's Gate
the Culdee Fell Railway at Kirk Machan
the Arlesdale Railway at Arlesburgh West
History[edit]
Awdry's relief map of Sodor, as framed on the wall of his study
"Research"[7] conducted by Awdry has revealed most of the known history concerning the railways on the Island of Sodor.
The first railway on the island, dating from 1806, was a horse-worked plateway from Cros-ny-Cuirn to Balladwail,[7] a port south-east of Crovan's Gate, which is no longer rail-connected. Pack horses brought copper ore from a mine in the mountains down to Cros-ny-Cuirn, where it was loaded into wagons for the journey to the port. In 1820 the Crovan's Gate Mining Company extended the line up the valley to the mine by building a series of five inclined planes. At the same time, the rest of the 1806 line was rebuilt with fish-belly edge rail. The line continued in use until the Skarloey Railway was built, after which it was abandoned, although the overgrown remains can still be seen to this day.
The second railway, the Cronk and Harwick Railway, was established in 1830 as a coal railway line transporting coal to the Harwick docks as well taking miners to work. In 1854 the coal played out and the mines and railway closed. Its locomotives and rolling stock were sold off to other lines in the UK.
A government-sponsored amalgamation of the standard-gauge railways in the Island occurred in 1914 to build a strategic railway for coastal defence called the North Western Railway. The railways concerned were:
the Sodor & Mainland Railway (1853–1914) which ran from Ballahoo to Kirk Ronan
the Tidmouth, Knapford & Elsbridge Railway (1883–1914) from Tidmouth to Elsbridge (the railway was known as the Knapford & Elsbridge Railway until 1908 when line extended to Tidmouth)
the Wellsworth & Suddery Railway (1870–1914), which ran from Crosby to Brendam, with an extension from Crosby to Knapford in 1912 to amalgamate with the Tidmouth, Knapford & Elsbridge Railway
The North Western Railway has had running rights into Barrow Central Station since the agreement with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1925. There is a Scherzer rolling lift bridge of 120 ft (37 m) span and double track over the Walney Channel, designed by Topham Hatt and erected in 1915. The NWR built its headquarters at Vicarstown in 1915, but the administrative offices relocated to Tidmouth in 1926. Until the construction of the Jubilee Road Bridge in 1977, the NWR had rights for a car-ferry and worked an intensive and profitable service. British Rail had running powers over the Bridge to operate the joint NWR/BR suburban service from Barrow to Norramby.
On through- or express-trains, engines from the NWR are detached at Barrow and "Other Railway" engines take over. Since 1925 the NWR has also had its own loco shed, turntable and servicing facility here. There is also a joint goods-yard for exchange traffic.
With the nationalisation of the railways across the United Kingdom, the North Western Railway became the North Western Region of British Railways. It was allowed to keep a large degree of independence from the rest of the network, which explains why steam traction survived. The other railways on the island were not affected by the nationalisation. Since privatisation, the railway has again become the North Western Railway Company and, unlike most post-privatisation train companies, is responsible not just for the running of the freight and passenger operations, but also for the maintenance of the track and of the infrastructure of the railway.
Current system (passenger)[edit]
The Island of Sodor Railway in the style of Harry Beck (click to enlarge).
All of the railway lines created in The Railway Series have their own pages with information on routes and the stations served.
The North Western Railway is the main railway company featured in the books. It controls the mainline railway and many of the branch lines on the island and is often referred to as The Fat Controller's Railway.
The Mainline runs from Barrow on the mainland, joining the island at Vicarstown and transversing the island to Tidmouth. Its main traffic is Gordon's express which has to safely navigate Gordon's Hill.
Thomas' Branch Line runs from Knapford to Ffarquhar
Edward's Branch Line goes all the way to Brendam from Wellsworth. It links the china-clay works at Brendam to the mainline.
The Little Western, also known as Duck's Branch Line, runs along the coast from Tidmouth to Arlesburgh.
The Peel Godred Branch runs from Kildane to Peel Godred and connects with the Culdee Fell Railway.
Four other North Western Railway branch lines detailed on the maps of Sodor have not featured in The Railway Series. They run from:
Vicarstown to Norramby, via Ballahoo
Ballahoo to Crovan's Gate
Kellsthorpe Road to Kirk Ronan
Arlesburgh to Harwick, an extension of The Little Western completed in the 1970s. It is worked by Ryan and Daisy. (TV Series only)
The Arlesdale Railway (also known as Small Railway), a 15-inch gauge railway, takes waste from the mines in the hills to Arlesburgh where it could be distributed to the rest of the Island. It also carries tourists.
The Culdee Fell Railway, a narrow-gauge rack-and-pinion mountain railway, runs from the summit of Culdee Fell down to Kirk Machan where it links to the standard-gauge line from Kildane to Peel Godred.
The Mid Sodor Railway, a narrow-gauge railway, closed in 1947. It ran from Arlesburgh to King 'Orry's Bridge. Part of its route is now on the 15-inch gauge Arlesdale Railway.
The Other Railway refers to the nationalised British Railways company that ran the Railway System in the United Kingdom until 1997.
The Skarloey Railway, a narrow-gauge railway, runs from Crovan's Gate up to the slate works at Skarloey.
On screen portrayal[edit]
The Island of Sodor in the Thomas & Friends television series differs significantly from that in the books. Wilbert and George Awdry's notes have been largely overlooked. The television version of Sodor appears quite larger and has more industry. The connection to the British mainland was not acknowledged until the 2013 feature-length film special "King of the Railway", which introduces "The Vicarstown Rolling Bridge", connecting Sodor to the Mainland Britain.
In the 2000 film Thomas and the Magic Railroad, the Island was portrayed vastly differently not only to the Railway Series but also to the television series. Sodor was a magical land that was supported by a magical railway line called The Magic Railroad. Without the Magic Railroad, the island would vanish off the face of the Earth. In the film, one could only travel to Sodor via The Magic Railroad or gold dust. This means the only way Diesel 10 and Splodge (Splatter and Dodge) could have arrived on Sodor is via boat.
Notes[edit]
^ Rule: In The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways, Awdry explained how Sodor was politically part of the United Kingdom. While the Isle of Man had retained Home Rule, since the 15th century Sodor had been attached to the Duchy of Lancaster and is therefore part of England, although this has not been allowed to disturb the Sudrians' independent lives.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Sibley, Brian (1995). The Thomas the Tank Engine Man. Heinemann. p. 154. ISBN 0-434-96909-5.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). ISBN 0-901824-25-9
^ Jump up to: a b The Rev. W. Awdry; G Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways. Kaye & Ward. p. 5. ISBN 0-434-92762-7.
Jump up ^ The Rev. W. Awdry; G Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways. Kaye & Ward. p. 12. ISBN 0-434-92762-7.
Jump up ^ Sibley, Brian (1995). The Thomas the Tank Engine Man. Heinemann. p. 159. ISBN 0-434-96909-5.
Jump up ^ The Rev. W. Awdry; G Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor: Its People, History and Railways. Kaye & Ward. p. 26. ISBN 0-434-92762-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Awdry; G Awdry (1987). The Island of Sodor, its People, History, and Railways. Kaye & Ward. ISBN 0-434-92762-7.
Further reading[edit]
Timpson, Trevor (4 July 2011). "Where is Sodor, home of Thomas the Tank Engine?". BBC News website. Retrieved on 4 July 2011.
External links[edit]
Children's literature portal
The Mapping of Sodor
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